英语 学科高中步讲义 必修第三册
（2019 教新课标）
Unit 04 Space Exploration
Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking
I英中翻译
1 The development of science and technology makes our life more comfortable and convenient
2 The journey to outer space and other planets is not a dream any more
3 There is no doubt that we benefit a lot from the scientific advancements in many different ways
4 However we should be aware of the negative effects that cellphones have brought to us
5 I have long been interested in space exploration
6 How I wish I had a chance to travel into space
73D printer makes meat in space—It’s one small nibble for man one giant bite for mankind
8China launches a Long March 3B carrier rocket to place two Beidou navigation satellites into space at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in Southwest China’s Sichuan Province on Sept 23 2019
9 Chinese space startup iSpace made history with the successful launch of its SQX1 Y1 rocket which is considered a major step for private companies
10John B Goodenough just became the oldest person at 97 to win a Nobel Prize in 2019
II新知突破重难细点拨
1determine vt查明 确定 决定
语块积累
(1)determine to do sth决心做某事
(2)determined adj决心 意志坚定
be determined to do sth定决心做某事
be determined that 决心……
(3)determination n决定 确定
①目标首先确定步该做什
②天知道什动机驱 决定写书
③敌决意毁
易混辨析determine decide resolve settle
(1)determine 指深思熟虑 决心做某事坚持施行
No matter what you determine to do I would side with you
决定做什 会支持
(2)decide侧重指思考较讨询问做出决定
Whatever we decide to do in the school must be good for the students first学校里决定做事情 首先益学生
(3)resolve 语气较强 强调坚定移信念做做某事 暗含远抱负坚强决心
Let us resolve to do all we can to contribute to a safer environment for journalists and a freer society for all竭 记者营造更安全环境 拥更社会
(4)settle指排犹豫怀疑争做出明确终结
We haven’t settled how to get there没决定达里
2 disappointed adj失 沮丧
语块积累
(1)be disappointed at ……失
be disappointed in sb 某感失
(2)disappoint vt失
(3)disappointment n失 沮丧
to one’s disappointment 令某失
(4)disappointing adj令失 令扫兴
①城市里挤满失 想里定居
②阿达姆斯基说市长决定非常失
③想浪费少时间时 感失
④失次机会 肯定失
知识延伸
(1)现分词作形容词时通常具动关系 形容客观事物体现外性质 修饰象物 意思 令……
(2)分词作形容词时具动关系 形容物情绪感受 意思 感……
Thank you for sharing this inspiring story with us感谢您分享令鼓舞事
After a conversation with him one would feel inspired and warm at heart番交谈 感受发心底鼓舞温暖
3 desire n渴 欲 vt渴 期
语块积累
(1)desire to do 渴做……
desire sb to do希某做……
desire that 希……(句中should do结构 should省略)
(2)a desire for sth 渴……
(3)desirable adj令满意 值
desired adj渴 想
①果想参加体育运动 选择游泳骑马等活动
②渴帮助需帮助
③渴解决问题
④渴起
⑤否真相诚实极强渴
4 lack n 缺乏 短缺vt 没 缺乏
语块积累
(1)(a)lack of 没 缺乏 足 够
for lack of缺乏…… 缺少…… 没……
lack inbe lacking in 缺少……
(2)lacking adj 缺乏 没 足
名师点津
lack作物动词时 动语态形容词lacking名词前
①动机缺乏动机做
②缺乏验 份工作
③缺少证 起诉撤销
④认缺乏决断力
5 launch vt & n发射 发起 市
语块积累
launch vehicle运载火箭
product launch产品发布
launch pad发射台
launch site发射场 发射区
launch date水日期 发行日期 市日期
launch into sth 开始做 投入
launch out into sth 开始事 投身
①美国国家航空航天局计划发射颗卫星研究宇宙射线
②发起项恢复法律秩序运动
③创业时候
④开始啰啰嗦嗦讲述工作历
⑤警察已开始事件进行调查
6 carry on 继续做 坚持干
语块积累
carry out进行 开展 执行(计划命令)
carry through 完成 ……进行底 渡难关
carry sb back 回想起 回忆起
carry off 走 夺走
①助理接着谈
②勇气予继续生活工作意愿
③宁项实验进行 愿放弃
7 On 12 April 1961 Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space 1961年4月12日 尤里·加加林成世界第进入太空
句式解构
句中the+序数词+n +to do 表示第做某事……定式修饰名词代词前面常only first last next序数词形容词高级等修饰
①总第达办公室
②总第 走
③出国佳选
④唯重点学录取女性
8These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed but the desire to explore the universe never died灾难感悲伤失 探索宇宙欲未消失
句式解构
(1)句中made everyone sad and disappointedmake复合结构 make+宾语+宾语补足语 中形容词sad and disappointed作宾语补足语
(2)make复合结构
①make sb do sth 某做某事
英语老师常复述课文
②make sb sth done (分词)某某事……
常make oneself knownheardunderstood
太吵 听声音
③make sb sth doing某某事直做……
男孩直站
④make +sb sth +adj 某某事(变)……
知道解决办法会高兴
⑤make +sb sth +n 某某物成……
想吉姆班长
Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures 动词定式作定语状语
义详析
动词定式作定语
1动词定式作定语常放名词定代词面作置定语 表示尚未发生动作
Let us give him something to eat吃东西
We have much homework to do tonight晚作业做
2名词前first last next only等词高级修饰时 动词定式
She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games第奥运会中赢金牌女性
3抽象名词attempt ability chance desire determination decision plan way定代something nothing等面常定式作置定语
But Janis Adkins has the ability and desire to do useful work 詹尼斯·阿德金斯力愿做工作
4名词定语间存动宾关系时
I usually have a lot of meetings to attend通常会议参加
She is a nice person to work with合作伙伴
5名词定语间存谓关系时
We must find a person to do the job必须找做项工作
We need someone to go and get a doctor需请医生
6 名词定语位关系时
We got the order to leave the city接离开城市命令
二动词定式句中作状语 修饰动词形容词 修饰副词句中 定式作目状语原状语结果状语条件状语等 表示目原结果等
1目状语 置句首句末 置句首时常表示强调加强语气 常in orderso as 组成短语
A group of young people got together to discuss this question 群年轻聚起讨问题
In order to help him we would do everything we can 帮助
名师点津定式作目状语
(1)定式作目状语时 动作通常迟谓语动词动作
I said that to encourage him说鼓励
(2)置句首时to do in order to do表示否定 in order so as省略 in order not to do so as not to do形式
I walked quietly so as not to disturb the baby 安静走路 免扰婴
(3)定式作目状语转换 so that in order that so that 引导目状语句
He worked very hard to pass the exam
→He worked so hard that he could pass the exam
→He worked hard so thatin order that he could pass the exam 非常努力便通考试
2原状语 见sb +be+adj +to do 结构句中
I was very sad to hear the news听消息难
3 结果状语 见too to enough to only to do(表示意料外结果发生) sosuch as to(意…………)结构句中
I’m too tired to do well 太累做
He is old enough to go to school 学年龄
He rushed back only to find the book missing回 发现书见
She is so proud as to look down upon others太骄傲 起
4独立动词定式作插入语 表示说话心理状态事情法
I’d like to stay healthy but to be honest I only eat food that tastes good想保持健康 说实话 吃味道食物
名师点津现分词定式作结果状语区
(1)动词定式作结果状语强调种意想结果
Anxiously she took the dress out of the package and tried it on only to find it didn’t fit
(2)现分词作结果状语强调种承 必然造成结果
*His father passed away leaving him a little money
学活语法填空
(1) ___________(work out) the difficult maths problem I have consulted Professor Russell several
times
(2) ________(learn) more about Chinese culture Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course
(3)He hurried to the station only ______(find) the train had left
(4)We travel on Day 2 to northern France ______(visit) the World War Ⅰ battlefields
(5)When the gorillas and I frightened each other I was just glad ______(find) them alive
(6)Join us _______(taste) a variety of fresh local food and drinks
知识延伸
动词定式作语 表语宾语
1定式作语 表示具体某次动作定式结构较复杂 常it 作形式语 真正语放句子面
To do morning exercises is useful for our health做早操健康益
It’s important for us to learn English well学英语说重
2定式作表语 表示情况 说明语容语常常wish idea task purpose duty job等表示意算计划词
His dream is to be a doctor梦想成名医生
My work is to clean the room every day 工作天扫房间
3 定式作宾语 常某动词定式作宾语动词记忆口诀
决心学会选计划 拒绝答应想假装 动设法愿希 意请求帮帮 准备威胁易声称 渴申请败踌躇
应动词分 decidedetermine learn choose plan refuse promise wantattempt pretend offer manage expectwishhope agree askbeg help prepare threaten tend claim desirelong apply fail hesitate
4 定式结构较复杂 通常 it 作形式宾语 真正宾语放句子面 该法常见动词think find make believe consider suppose feel等
He can’t afford to buy the expensive car买起辆昂贵汽车
I think it useful to learn a foreign language认学门外语
I feel it my duty to say that you are wrong 觉责说错
补偿训练单句语法填空
(1)She had agreed _____(go) and see a movie with him
(2)The man downstairs found it difficult _____(get) to sleep
(3) My ambition is _______(work) for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up
(4)He prefers _____(eat) white bread and rice
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（2019 教新课标）
Unit 04 Space Exploration
Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking
I英中翻译
1 The development of science and technology makes our life more comfortable and convenient
2 The journey to outer space and other planets is not a dream any more
3 There is no doubt that we benefit a lot from the scientific advancements in many different ways
4 However we should be aware of the negative effects that cellphones have brought to us
5 I have long been interested in space exploration
6 How I wish I had a chance to travel into space
73D printer makes meat in space—It’s one small nibble for man one giant bite for mankind
8China launches a Long March 3B carrier rocket to place two Beidou navigation satellites into space at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in Southwest China’s Sichuan Province on Sept 23 2019
9 Chinese space startup iSpace made history with the successful launch of its SQX1 Y1 rocket which is considered a major step for private companies
10John B Goodenough just became the oldest person at 97 to win a Nobel Prize in 2019
II新知突破重难细点拨
1determine vt查明 确定 决定
语块积累
(1)determine to do sth决心做某事
(2)determined adj决心 意志坚定
be determined to do sth定决心做某事
be determined that 决心……
(3)determination n决定 确定
①目标首先确定步该做什
②天知道什动机驱 决定写书
③敌决意毁
易混辨析determine decide resolve settle
(1)determine 指深思熟虑 决心做某事坚持施行
No matter what you determine to do I would side with you
决定做什 会支持
(2)decide侧重指思考较讨询问做出决定
Whatever we decide to do in the school must be good for the students first学校里决定做事情 首先益学生
(3)resolve 语气较强 强调坚定移信念做做某事 暗含远抱负坚强决心
Let us resolve to do all we can to contribute to a safer environment for journalists and a freer society for all竭 记者营造更安全环境 拥更社会
(4)settle指排犹豫怀疑争做出明确终结
We haven’t settled how to get there没决定达里
2 disappointed adj失 沮丧
语块积累
(1)be disappointed at ……失
be disappointed in sb 某感失
(2)disappoint vt失
(3)disappointment n失 沮丧
to one’s disappointment 令某失
(4)disappointing adj令失 令扫兴
①城市里挤满失 想里定居
②阿达姆斯基说市长决定非常失
③想浪费少时间时 感失
④失次机会 肯定失
知识延伸
(1)现分词作形容词时通常具动关系 形容客观事物体现外性质 修饰象物 意思 令……
(2)分词作形容词时具动关系 形容物情绪感受 意思 感……
Thank you for sharing this inspiring story with us感谢您分享令鼓舞事
After a conversation with him one would feel inspired and warm at heart番交谈 感受发心底鼓舞温暖
3 desire n渴 欲 vt渴 期
语块积累
(1)desire to do 渴做……
desire sb to do希某做……
desire that 希……(句中should do结构 should省略)
(2)a desire for sth 渴……
(3)desirable adj令满意 值
desired adj渴 想
①果想参加体育运动 选择游泳骑马等活动
②渴帮助需帮助
③渴解决问题
④渴起
⑤否真相诚实极强渴
4 lack n 缺乏 短缺vt 没 缺乏
语块积累
(1)(a)lack of 没 缺乏 足 够
for lack of缺乏…… 缺少…… 没……
lack inbe lacking in 缺少……
(2)lacking adj 缺乏 没 足
名师点津
lack作物动词时 动语态形容词lacking名词前
①动机缺乏动机做
②缺乏验 份工作
③缺少证 起诉撤销
④认缺乏决断力
5 launch vt & n发射 发起 市
语块积累
launch vehicle运载火箭
product launch产品发布
launch pad发射台
launch site发射场 发射区
launch date水日期 发行日期 市日期
launch into sth 开始做 投入
launch out into sth 开始事 投身
①美国国家航空航天局计划发射颗卫星研究宇宙射线
②发起项恢复法律秩序运动
③创业时候
④开始啰啰嗦嗦讲述工作历
⑤警察已开始事件进行调查
6 carry on 继续做 坚持干
语块积累
carry out进行 开展 执行(计划命令)
carry through 完成 ……进行底 渡难关
carry sb back 回想起 回忆起
carry off 走 夺走
①助理接着谈
②勇气予继续生活工作意愿
③宁项实验进行 愿放弃
7 On 12 April 1961 Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space 1961年4月12日 尤里·加加林成世界第进入太空
句式解构
句中the+序数词+n +to do 表示第做某事……定式修饰名词代词前面常only first last next序数词形容词高级等修饰
①总第达办公室
②总第 走
③出国佳选
④唯重点学录取女性
8These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed but the desire to explore the universe never died灾难感悲伤失 探索宇宙欲未消失
句式解构
(1)句中made everyone sad and disappointedmake复合结构 make+宾语+宾语补足语 中形容词sad and disappointed作宾语补足语
(2)make复合结构
①make sb do sth 某做某事
英语老师常复述课文
②make sb sth done (分词)某某事……
常make oneself knownheardunderstood
太吵 听声音
③make sb sth doing某某事直做……
男孩直站
④make +sb sth +adj 某某事(变)……
知道解决办法会高兴
⑤make +sb sth +n 某某物成……
想吉姆班长
Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures 动词定式作定语状语
义详析
动词定式作定语
1动词定式作定语常放名词定代词面作置定语 表示尚未发生动作
Let us give him something to eat吃东西
We have much homework to do tonight晚作业做
2名词前first last next only等词高级修饰时 动词定式
She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games第奥运会中赢金牌女性
3抽象名词attempt ability chance desire determination decision plan way定代something nothing等面常定式作置定语
But Janis Adkins has the ability and desire to do useful work 詹尼斯·阿德金斯力愿做工作
4名词定语间存动宾关系时
I usually have a lot of meetings to attend通常会议参加
She is a nice person to work with合作伙伴
5名词定语间存谓关系时
We must find a person to do the job必须找做项工作
We need someone to go and get a doctor需请医生
6 名词定语位关系时
We got the order to leave the city接离开城市命令
二动词定式句中作状语 修饰动词形容词 修饰副词句中 定式作目状语原状语结果状语条件状语等 表示目原结果等
1目状语 置句首句末 置句首时常表示强调加强语气 常in orderso as 组成短语
A group of young people got together to discuss this question 群年轻聚起讨问题
In order to help him we would do everything we can 帮助
名师点津定式作目状语
(1)定式作目状语时 动作通常迟谓语动词动作
I said that to encourage him说鼓励
(2)置句首时to do in order to do表示否定 in order so as省略 in order not to do so as not to do形式
I walked quietly so as not to disturb the baby 安静走路 免扰婴
(3)定式作目状语转换 so that in order that so that 引导目状语句
He worked very hard to pass the exam
→He worked so hard that he could pass the exam
→He worked hard so thatin order that he could pass the exam 非常努力便通考试
2原状语 见sb +be+adj +to do 结构句中
I was very sad to hear the news听消息难
3 结果状语 见too to enough to only to do(表示意料外结果发生) sosuch as to(意…………)结构句中
I’m too tired to do well 太累做
He is old enough to go to school 学年龄
He rushed back only to find the book missing回 发现书见
She is so proud as to look down upon others太骄傲 起
4独立动词定式作插入语 表示说话心理状态事情法
I’d like to stay healthy but to be honest I only eat food that tastes good想保持健康 说实话 吃味道食物
名师点津现分词定式作结果状语区
(1)动词定式作结果状语强调种意想结果
Anxiously she took the dress out of the package and tried it on only to find it didn’t fit
(2)现分词作结果状语强调种承 必然造成结果
*His father passed away leaving him a little money
学活语法填空
(1) ___________(work out) the difficult maths problem I have consulted Professor Russell several
times
(2) ________(learn) more about Chinese culture Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course
(3)He hurried to the station only ______(find) the train had left
(4)We travel on Day 2 to northern France ______(visit) the World War Ⅰ battlefields
(5)When the gorillas and I frightened each other I was just glad ______(find) them alive
(6)Join us _______(taste) a variety of fresh local food and drinks
知识延伸
动词定式作语 表语宾语
1定式作语 表示具体某次动作定式结构较复杂 常it 作形式语 真正语放句子面
To do morning exercises is useful for our health做早操健康益
It’s important for us to learn English well学英语说重
2定式作表语 表示情况 说明语容语常常wish idea task purpose duty job等表示意算计划词
His dream is to be a doctor梦想成名医生
My work is to clean the room every day 工作天扫房间
3 定式作宾语 常某动词定式作宾语动词记忆口诀
决心学会选计划 拒绝答应想假装 动设法愿希 意请求帮帮 准备威胁易声称 渴申请败踌躇
应动词分 decidedetermine learn choose plan refuse promise wantattempt pretend offer manage expectwishhope agree askbeg help prepare threaten tend claim desirelong apply fail hesitate
4 定式结构较复杂 通常 it 作形式宾语 真正宾语放句子面 该法常见动词think find make believe consider suppose feel等
He can’t afford to buy the expensive car买起辆昂贵汽车
I think it useful to learn a foreign language认学门外语
I feel it my duty to say that you are wrong 觉责说错
补偿训练单句语法填空
(1)She had agreed _____(go) and see a movie with him
(2)The man downstairs found it difficult _____(get) to sleep
(3) My ambition is _______(work) for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up
(4)He prefers _____(eat) white bread and rice
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