非 谓 语 动 词
解题思路
非谓语动词题目三步走：
①谓语动词句型求 解析句子结构确定设空句子中充功(状语定语宾补) ②动关系 找准相关动词逻辑语确定该动词逻辑语什关系(动动)
③时间先序 搜索句子中相关时间信息确定非谓语动词恰形式
非 谓 语 动 词
1谓语动词：句子中担谓语动动
2 非谓语动词：动词特殊形式句中作谓语外成分(通俗说作谓语动词变形）
判谓语动词非谓语动词方法
1 She got off the bus ___leaving_ (leave) her handbag on her seat
2 She got off the bus but __left(leave) her handbag on her seat
见连词决定句子结构谓语动词非谓语动词中起着关键作
非谓语动词条件
句子中已存句（谓语动词）没连词情况 动词出现时
考纲解读
非谓语动词包括定式动名词分词高中学基础语法高考必考容高考亮点高考热点
非谓语动词句法功
定式相名词形容词副词充语宾语定语表语 宾语补足语状语
动名词相名词充语表语定语宾语
分词相形容词副词充表语定语宾语补足语状语
非谓语动词
语
宾语
表语
定语
状语
宾语补足语
定式
(to) do
√
√
√
√
√
√
动名词ving
√
√
√
√
现
分词ving
√
√
√
√
分词
√
√
√
√
定 式
动词定式句法作
1）作语
To learn English well is not easy
It is not easy to learn English well
It is not easy for me to learn English well
结：
动词定式作语时it作形式语种句型纳面句型：
句型1：It + 谓语 + to do It takes us an hour __to get__(get )there by bus
句型2：It’s + n + to do It’s our duty __to help (help) the poor
句型3：It is + adj + for sb to do sth （形容事物性质 ）
It is + adj + of sb to do sth （形容品质 ）
列形容词作表语时定式前常加 of 引起短语形容词：
(表评价性说明逻辑语性质特征属性）
kind good nice wise unwise clever silly stupid foolish wrong right careless rude polite naughty etc
It is easy __for me to finish this work before ten
It is very kind _of__ you to give me some help ＝You are very kind to give me some help
It＇s impolite _of__ you to speak to the teacher like that
＝you are impolite to speak to the teacher like that
2)作表语 语+系动词+定式
To do two things at a time is to do neither． 次做两件事等未做
To see is to believe 百闻见（眼见实）
系动词be appear seem proveto do形式做表语
1 The captain seemed to hesitate (hesitate) for a moment
2 His words proved to be correct (correct)
果语aimdutyhopeideahappinessjobplanproblempurposethingwish等中心名词定式作表语语容做具体说明作
His wish is __ to buy__ (buy) a car in the near future 希远买辆轿车
1 To live is ___________ (struggle)
2 Her wish is ___________ (become) a doctor
3)作宾语 ：want to do面动词求定式做宾语
want decide agree wish hope promise choose need expect pretend refuse plan learn manage offer afford 负担起help (to) do determine intend desire愿attempt企图arrange安排pretend假装
1 They wanted _____( get ) on the bus didn’t they
2．I agreed______ ( go ) there with the doctor
3 I can’t afford ________ (buy) a car
注意句型： it作形式宾语 ：find it +adj+ to do
I findfeel to work with him interesting ．
宾语 宾补
I findfeel _it interesting to work with him．
注意：定式短语作宾语时果带宾语补足语定式宾语放宾语补足语it作形式宾语
语+ findthinkfeelmake consider…+it +adjn + to do sth
1We thought __ better ___ start early
2Do you consider ___ better not ____ go
3 I feel __ my duty __ change all that
4We think __ important __ obey the law
4)作宾语补足语 ：tell sbto do sth (宾语间关系实际逻辑谓关系)
常to do 做宾补补动词
advise allow ask beg cause（促） expect encourage force get hate invite order wish oblige（强制迫）want warn remind teach promise permit persuade request forcewould like…sb to do等
1The soldiers forced the enemy __________ (give) in
2Our teacher advises us __________ (do) more reading aloud every morning
3They would not allow him _________ (risk) going across the enemy line
do (含to定式) 作宾补动词
1 感官动词 (记忆口诀)
感 feel
二听 hear listen to (全程)
三 let make have…
四 see watch notice observe(全程)…
2 役动词havemakelet(等)sb do sth
1 He made the boy _________ (clean) room
注意： 类动词转动语态时 定式加 to ：
He is often heard to sing (sing) the song·
5) 作定语 定式做定语时般修饰做事定式作定语时 通常放修饰名词代词
A定式常修饰词动宾关系：
eg I have something to tell you
Do you have anything to wash today
Do you have anything to be washed today
(区动）
较： have some clothes to wash洗
have some clothes to be washed洗
She has a lot of work to do in the morning 早工作做
定式物动词时须加介词
He is looking for a room to live in_(live)
I need a pen to write with
需支笔写字（介词省略）
1 We are looking a room _______
A to live in B to be lived in C to live D for living in
2 Would you please pass me the knife _______
A to cut the fruit with B to cut the fruit
C cutting the fruit D cutting the fruit with
3I have something important to say please find a piece of paper （写）
4Excuse mecould I use your pen for a moment？
I have no pen （写）
B定式修饰词谓关系
She is the last to leave the room
Charles Lindbergh is the first man to fly the Atlantic alone
定式修饰名词前onlylastnext序数词(first second)形容词高级形容时定式作置定语修饰词逻辑谓关系
6)作状语 表示目原结果条件
I came here to see you．(目)
We were very excited to hear the news．(原)
He hurried to the school only to find nobody there (结果)
To look at himyou would like him．(条件)
1）定式做目状语 放句首放句末 前面加in orderso asso…as to 表强调
掌握含目状语种句式：
He went to see the artist himself
He stopped to have a look
He ran so fast as to get to school in time
He got up early to catch the first bus
He got up early ___ ____ ___ catch the first bus
______________________ he got up early
_______________ the first bus he got up early
He got up early ___ _____ _____ he could catch the first bus
He got up early ___ ___ ____ catch the first bus
He got up __ _____ ___ ____ catch the first bus
注：1so as to do…结构放句首
2in order to do 结构in order that 目状语句转换
2)定式做结果状语常enough to only to so + 形容词副词 + as totooto 引导
The question is too difficult to answer
Would you be so kind as to step this way please 请您边走？
I tried the door only to find it locked inside 开门发现门里面锁住
He is brave enough to go out alone at night
3) 原状语 语+系动词+adj+ to do
表感情adj happy surprised pleased glad sorry anxious(忧虑) disappointed careful afraid wrong
I’m very sorry to see you
He was afraid to leave him home
二动词定式否定形式
1动词定式否定形式not + to + 动词原形
例： He asked me not to make such a mistake
2动词定式疑问词连
疑问代词who what which疑问副词when where how等面接动词定式构成动词定式短语句子中作语宾语表语等成分
例：(1) He doesn’t know how to use the machine
(2) How to use the machine is a question
(3) The question is when to go there
练：列定式作什句子成分？
1 To see you is gladIt’s glad to see you
2 I want to see you
3 I want him to see you
4 My hope is to see you
5 He is the man to see you
6 I’m glad to see you
7 I went to see you
8He went so early as to see you
三
动形式
动形式
般式
to do
to be done
完成式
to have done
to have been done
进行式
to be doing
完成进行式
to have been doing
1 定式动作谓语动词时发生时发生般时态
1) He wanted ___________ (see) you
2) I hope ___________(see) you again_______
2 强调定式动作正进行时进行时态
When I came in he pretended (read) a book
3 强调 定式动作谓语动词前发生时定式完成时
He is said _________________ (write) a novel last year
4 强调动作某时开始直延续现持续时完成进行式
She is said (work) on the problem for many years
定式动语态法
定式逻辑语定式承受者时动语态
It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here
She asked to be sent (send) to work in Tibet
The book is said to have been translated(translate) into English
注意：定式动表动
定式修饰词动宾关系时句中名词代词构成谓关系时定式动形式to do表示动含义：
1) MrSmithI have some questions__________ (ask)史密斯先生问题问(定式to ask动作执行者语I)
2) Please give me some books___________ (read)请书读(定式to read动作执行者句中me)
：I＇m going to the post office do you have anything _____________ (send)？
邮局什寄东西？(句中send动作句中you发出动)
练
1 Tom happened _____________ (pass) by when they spoke ill of him
2 We all hope ___________ (become) scientists
3 We all want ____________ (take) part in the sports meet
4 I happened ______________ (read) the article when he asked me about it
5 He pretended _______________ (be) a driver
6 When the father came home the naughty boy pretended ________________ (do) his homework
7 He is said to ___________ (write) a novel now
8 He is said ___________________ (send) to London already
9 She is said _________________ (meet) a fairy one day
10 Alice is said _______________ (do) her homework in her own room now
11 I don’t expect them _____________ (wait) for me when I arrived there so late
12 These boys are said ______________ (praise) for doing goods deeds
二动 名 词
1动名词构成特征 动名词动词+ing构成
动名词动词特征名词特征
2动名词法 动名词句中作语表语宾语定语
3动名词否定形式 动名词否定形式not +动名词构成
例：He made me angry by not taking the medicine
4动名词复合结构名词格物代词+动名词构成
例：Would you mind my opening the door
动名词作
1作语
Seeing is believing
Looking after the patients is a nurse`s job
动名词作语it作形式语特定句型
② It`s + no use no good no fun a shame a waste of timemoney useless+ doing
1 It’s no use doing sth It’s useless doing sth
做某事没做某事济事
2 It’s no good doing sth 做某事没效果处
3 It’s no fun doing sth 做某事玩 做某事没意思
Eg It’s no fun living on your own 独生活没意思
4 It’s a shame doing sth 做某事惜 做某事遗憾
5 It’s a waste of time money doing sth 做某事浪费时间钱
6There is no joking…轻易举事玩
①It is no use crying 哭济事
②It is no good objecting 反效 It’s no good smoking too much
③It`s a waste of time copying other`s homework
④There is no joking about the matter 事情轻易举事
1 It’s no use ______( sit ) here waiting
2 Is it any good ______( tell ) him the truth
3 It is great fun _____ (play) golf
2作表语to do 表示具体动作ing form表示泛指动作通常 S + be + doing
My job is teaching you English
His hobby is collecting stamps
My greatest happiness is serving the people
3作动词宾语
① S + vt+ doing
Have you finished reading the book
I suggest doing it in a different way
接动名词做宾语常特殊动词接动名记清
避免错 (少) 延期 avoid miss delaypostpone
建议完成 () 练 suggest advise finish practise
喜欢想象 禁住 enjoyappreciate imagine resist can’t help
承认 否定 () 嫉妒 admit denyenvy
逃脱 险 (莫) 原谅 escape envy risk pardon excuse
忍受 保持 () 介意 stand keep keep on mind
②作介词短语动词宾语 S + v + prep + doing
必 背 常见带介词to短语：
be used to 惯 be related to……关 get down to 着手做
be addicted to 沉溺 put one’s mind to 全神贯注
give rise to 引起 stick to 坚持 be equal to 胜
object to 反 devote oneself to 献身
lead to 导致 be opposed to 反 look forward to 盼
eg ①She sat there without ___________ (speak)
②I look forward to________ (see) him again
④When my father heard the news he couldn＇t help __________ (laugh)
⑤I don’t feel like ________ (go) to see the film
⑥He was busy__________ (prepare) his lessons
7 Most of them objected to_________ (leave) in such a hurry
8 How about Li Ming _________ (help) you with the job
9 The mother warned her son against _______ (fight)with other boys
10 The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed _____________ (catch)
11While we’re developing agriculture and industry we must prevent earth ____________ (pollute)
4动名词做定语 S + v + doing + n
动名词做定语说明修饰词某种途般放修饰词前面
eg a washing machine （动名词做定语 a machine which is used for washing）
Does he work in the readingroom
Our teacher uses a very good teaching method
His grandfather has a bamboo walking stick
四动名词时态语态
动语态
动语态
般式
doing
being done
完成式
having done
having been done
完成式：动名词完成式表示动作谓语动词表示动作前发生
例 I regret not having taken your advice
He didin’t mention having met you before
动式：动名词逻辑语动名词动作象时该动名词求动形式
例： She didn’t mind being called a housewife
判断列句子中动名词作什成分：
⑴ Smoking does great harm to people’s health
⑵ My job is looking after children
⑶ I have finished reading the novel
⑷ We have got a swimming pool in our school
(5)He made me angry by not taking the medicine
(6) Would you mind my opening the door
分 词
形 式
分词时态语态形式
构成（studygo例）
物物动词
物 动 词
物动词
动语态
动语态
动语态
现分词
般式
doing
being done
going
完成式
having done
having been done
having gone
分词
般式
done
gone
分词种形式 done
二 功
1．作表语1分词作表语
• surprising surprised
The result was ___________
They were ____________ at the news
• satisfied satisfying
He appeared __________ with my answer
The answer was ____________
总结： 现分词作表语般表示动语性质特征 令……意思 语数情况sth 分词作表语 般表示动说明语情感心理感受 感……语数情况sb
interesting感兴趣 interested感兴趣
exciting令激动 excited感激动
delighting令高兴 delighted感高兴
disappointing令失 disappointed感失
encouraging令鼓舞 encouraged感鼓舞
pleasing令愉快 pleased感愉快
puzzling令费解 puzzled感费解
satisfying令满意 satisfied感满意
surprising令惊异 surprised感惊异
worrying令担心 worried感担心
2分词作定语
A 单分词作定语
boiling water boiled water developing country developed country
falling leaves fallen leaves rising sun risen sun
总结：
现分词表示正进行动作 分词表示已完成动作
B 表示情感心理分词作定语
• exciting excited
He told us the __________ news The _________ pupils jumped with joy
• He had a ________(terrify) look in his eyes
• The boy answered in a ___________(frighten) voice
总结：分词修饰sb外修饰表示神态声音等名词 说明语心理状态
C 分词短语作定语
• Tell the children ________(play)there not to make so much noise who are playing there
• Did you see the man _______(talk) to the manager who was talking
• I used to live in a room _______(face)south which faced
• The house ___________(stand)at the corner of the street was built in 1955 that stands
总结： 现分词作定语a表示正进行动作 b表示常性动作现时状态
• Is this the book _____________(recommend)by our teacher
• The meeting ________(hold)last week is very important
• I hate to see letters ________(write) in pencil
总结：分词作定语：表示动
注①：果表示动作刻正发生现分词动形式表示：
The meeting _______________(hold)now is very important
We must keep a secret of the things _______________here
注②：果表示未动作定式动形式表示：
The meeting _____________(hold)next week is very important
Please tell me the subjects _______________(discuss)at the next
3作宾语(语)补足语：
• His lecture got us_________ (think)
• He got his bike ________ (repair) just now
• He watched the bed ________ (carry) out of the door
• He felt a great weight ________ (take ) off his mind 感心头释重负
• How would you like your hair ______ (cut)
• He is very popular among the students as he always tries to make them _________ (interest)in his lectures
• The other day I had my pocket ________(pick) on the bus
• I am sorry to have kept you ___________(wait) for so long a time
• have sb doing sth get sbsth doing sth开始行动
haveget sth done做 have sth done 遭受
make oneself heardunderstood leave sth undone 留未做
总结： 现分词做宾语补足语时宾语存动关系分词做宾语补足语时宾语存动关系
4分词作状语
形式
意义
doing
动句谓语动词时基时发生
having done
动先谓语动词发生
done
动
being done
动正进行般作原状语放句首
having been done
动先谓语动词发生
A作时间状语：
①When they heard the bad newsthey couldn’t help crying
_______ (hear) the bad news they couldn’t help crying
② When we were taken around the city we were deeply impressed by the city’s new look
When ______ around the city we were deeply impressed by the city’s new look
③ When he finished his work he went home
________________ his work he went home
B作原状语：
①Because he was poor he could not afford to travel abroad
___________ (be poor) he could not afford to travel abroad
___________ (encourage) by his heroic deeds they worked harder
_______ (lose) in thought he almost ran into a post
__________ (frighten) by the big forest fire the animals all ran away
_____________ (not know) her address we couldn’t get in touch with her
②Because I hadn’t received his letter I decided to call him up
___________________ (not receive) his letter I decided to call him up
_________________ (never be) to the city he soon got lost
C方式伴状语
①She watched the film ________ (weep ) and _______ (sigh)
②The teacher stood there __________ (surround) by a lot of students
D作条件状语：
①If I were given another chance I would have done the job far better
______ another chance I would have done the job far better
②(If) ________ (play) all day you will waste your valuable time
E作结果状语：(意料中结果)
① The hunters fired _________(shoot) one of the wolves ②The bus was held up by the snowstorm thus _________ (cause) the delay
区 定式表示意外结果
He hurried to the station only ________ (find) the train had left
F作步状语：
①Though it heavily rained heavily it cleared up very soon
________________ it cleared up very soon
②Though _____ (tell) of the danger he still risked his life to save the boy
分词作状语时 需注意
A 分词短语作状语时逻辑语通常应__________
________ (see) from the hill the city is beautiful
________ (see) from the hill you can see the whole city
B分词短语位置
般说时间原条件步等分词短语放句首表结果伴分词短语放句尾
Finding the door locked Tom went home ( _____ )
Tom went home finding the door locked （____）
Test yourself
1_____ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin
_____ to sunlight for too much time your skin will be harmed
A Exposed B Having exposed
C Being exposed D After being exposed
2 _____ such heavy pollution already it may now be too late to clean up the river
A Having suffered B Suffering
C To suffer D Suffered
3 The research is so designed that once _____ nothing can be
done to change it
A begins B having begun C beginning D begun
4 Finding her car stolen _____
A a policeman was asked to help
B the area was searching thoroughly
C it was looked for everywhere
D she hurried to a policeman for help
5 The idea for the new plan came to his mind to his experiment in the lab
A．while devoting B．while devoting himself
C．while he was devoted D．while devoted
1 改写列句子划线部分应改分词短语
1Look round when you cross the street
2 When she heard the news she burst into laughter
3 As she was still rather weak she could not stay up for too long
4Gentlemen always shake hands when they are introduced to each other
5A cold rain was falling It was mixed with snow
6While we were walking in the street we met some friends of ours
7The old man walked slowly He was supported by his little grandson
8The ground which is covered with white snow looks very beautiful
9There is a tall tree which covers the entrance to the cave
10The worker wrote to the police and disclosed who stole the money
高考常考形式较
to do
表目
to be done
动
to have been done
完成
to be doing
进行
doing
时动
being done
时动
having done动句谓语动词前发生
having been done
动句谓语动词前发生
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非 谓 语 动 词
解题思路
非谓语动词题目三步走：
①谓语动词句型求 解析句子结构确定设空句子中充功(状语定语宾补) ②动关系 找准相关动词逻辑语确定该动词逻辑语什关系(动动)
③时间先序 搜索句子中相关时间信息确定非谓语动词恰形式
非 谓 语 动 词
1谓语动词：句子中担谓语动动
2 非谓语动词：动词特殊形式句中作谓语外成分(通俗说作谓语动词变形）
判谓语动词非谓语动词方法
1 She got off the bus ___leaving_ (leave) her handbag on her seat
2 She got off the bus but __left(leave) her handbag on her seat
见连词决定句子结构谓语动词非谓语动词中起着关键作
非谓语动词条件
句子中已存句（谓语动词）没连词情况 动词出现时
考纲解读
非谓语动词包括定式动名词分词高中学基础语法高考必考容高考亮点高考热点
非谓语动词句法功
定式相名词形容词副词充语宾语定语表语 宾语补足语状语
动名词相名词充语表语定语宾语
分词相形容词副词充表语定语宾语补足语状语
非谓语动词
语
宾语
表语
定语
状语
宾语补足语
定式
(to) do
√
√
√
√
√
√
动名词ving
√
√
√
√
现
分词ving
√
√
√
√
分词
√
√
√
√
定 式
动词定式句法作
1）作语
To learn English well is not easy
It is not easy to learn English well
It is not easy for me to learn English well
结：
动词定式作语时it作形式语种句型纳面句型：
句型1：It + 谓语 + to do It takes us an hour __to get__(get )there by bus
句型2：It’s + n + to do It’s our duty __to help (help) the poor
句型3：It is + adj + for sb to do sth （形容事物性质 ）
It is + adj + of sb to do sth （形容品质 ）
列形容词作表语时定式前常加 of 引起短语形容词：
(表评价性说明逻辑语性质特征属性）
kind good nice wise unwise clever silly stupid foolish wrong right careless rude polite naughty etc
It is easy __for me to finish this work before ten
It is very kind _of__ you to give me some help ＝You are very kind to give me some help
It＇s impolite _of__ you to speak to the teacher like that
＝you are impolite to speak to the teacher like that
2)作表语 语+系动词+定式
To do two things at a time is to do neither． 次做两件事等未做
To see is to believe 百闻见（眼见实）
系动词be appear seem proveto do形式做表语
1 The captain seemed to hesitate (hesitate) for a moment
2 His words proved to be correct (correct)
果语aimdutyhopeideahappinessjobplanproblempurposethingwish等中心名词定式作表语语容做具体说明作
His wish is __ to buy__ (buy) a car in the near future 希远买辆轿车
1 To live is ___________ (struggle)
2 Her wish is ___________ (become) a doctor
3)作宾语 ：want to do面动词求定式做宾语
want decide agree wish hope promise choose need expect pretend refuse plan learn manage offer afford 负担起help (to) do determine intend desire愿attempt企图arrange安排pretend假装
1 They wanted _____( get ) on the bus didn’t they
2．I agreed______ ( go ) there with the doctor
3 I can’t afford ________ (buy) a car
注意句型： it作形式宾语 ：find it +adj+ to do
I findfeel to work with him interesting ．
宾语 宾补
I findfeel _it interesting to work with him．
注意：定式短语作宾语时果带宾语补足语定式宾语放宾语补足语it作形式宾语
语+ findthinkfeelmake consider…+it +adjn + to do sth
1We thought __ better ___ start early
2Do you consider ___ better not ____ go
3 I feel __ my duty __ change all that
4We think __ important __ obey the law
4)作宾语补足语 ：tell sbto do sth (宾语间关系实际逻辑谓关系)
常to do 做宾补补动词
advise allow ask beg cause（促） expect encourage force get hate invite order wish oblige（强制迫）want warn remind teach promise permit persuade request forcewould like…sb to do等
1The soldiers forced the enemy __________ (give) in
2Our teacher advises us __________ (do) more reading aloud every morning
3They would not allow him _________ (risk) going across the enemy line
do (含to定式) 作宾补动词
1 感官动词 (记忆口诀)
感 feel
二听 hear listen to (全程)
三 let make have…
四 see watch notice observe(全程)…
2 役动词havemakelet(等)sb do sth
1 He made the boy _________ (clean) room
注意： 类动词转动语态时 定式加 to ：
He is often heard to sing (sing) the song·
5) 作定语 定式做定语时般修饰做事定式作定语时 通常放修饰名词代词
A定式常修饰词动宾关系：
eg I have something to tell you
Do you have anything to wash today
Do you have anything to be washed today
(区动）
较： have some clothes to wash洗
have some clothes to be washed洗
She has a lot of work to do in the morning 早工作做
定式物动词时须加介词
He is looking for a room to live in_(live)
I need a pen to write with
需支笔写字（介词省略）
1 We are looking a room _______
A to live in B to be lived in C to live D for living in
2 Would you please pass me the knife _______
A to cut the fruit with B to cut the fruit
C cutting the fruit D cutting the fruit with
3I have something important to say please find a piece of paper （写）
4Excuse mecould I use your pen for a moment？
I have no pen （写）
B定式修饰词谓关系
She is the last to leave the room
Charles Lindbergh is the first man to fly the Atlantic alone
定式修饰名词前onlylastnext序数词(first second)形容词高级形容时定式作置定语修饰词逻辑谓关系
6)作状语 表示目原结果条件
I came here to see you．(目)
We were very excited to hear the news．(原)
He hurried to the school only to find nobody there (结果)
To look at himyou would like him．(条件)
1）定式做目状语 放句首放句末 前面加in orderso asso…as to 表强调
掌握含目状语种句式：
He went to see the artist himself
He stopped to have a look
He ran so fast as to get to school in time
He got up early to catch the first bus
He got up early ___ ____ ___ catch the first bus
______________________ he got up early
_______________ the first bus he got up early
He got up early ___ _____ _____ he could catch the first bus
He got up early ___ ___ ____ catch the first bus
He got up __ _____ ___ ____ catch the first bus
注：1so as to do…结构放句首
2in order to do 结构in order that 目状语句转换
2)定式做结果状语常enough to only to so + 形容词副词 + as totooto 引导
The question is too difficult to answer
Would you be so kind as to step this way please 请您边走？
I tried the door only to find it locked inside 开门发现门里面锁住
He is brave enough to go out alone at night
3) 原状语 语+系动词+adj+ to do
表感情adj happy surprised pleased glad sorry anxious(忧虑) disappointed careful afraid wrong
I’m very sorry to see you
He was afraid to leave him home
二动词定式否定形式
1动词定式否定形式not + to + 动词原形
例： He asked me not to make such a mistake
2动词定式疑问词连
疑问代词who what which疑问副词when where how等面接动词定式构成动词定式短语句子中作语宾语表语等成分
例：(1) He doesn’t know how to use the machine
(2) How to use the machine is a question
(3) The question is when to go there
练：列定式作什句子成分？
1 To see you is gladIt’s glad to see you
2 I want to see you
3 I want him to see you
4 My hope is to see you
5 He is the man to see you
6 I’m glad to see you
7 I went to see you
8He went so early as to see you
三
动形式
动形式
般式
to do
to be done
完成式
to have done
to have been done
进行式
to be doing
完成进行式
to have been doing
1 定式动作谓语动词时发生时发生般时态
1) He wanted ___________ (see) you
2) I hope ___________(see) you again_______
2 强调定式动作正进行时进行时态
When I came in he pretended (read) a book
3 强调 定式动作谓语动词前发生时定式完成时
He is said _________________ (write) a novel last year
4 强调动作某时开始直延续现持续时完成进行式
She is said (work) on the problem for many years
定式动语态法
定式逻辑语定式承受者时动语态
It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here
She asked to be sent (send) to work in Tibet
The book is said to have been translated(translate) into English
注意：定式动表动
定式修饰词动宾关系时句中名词代词构成谓关系时定式动形式to do表示动含义：
1) MrSmithI have some questions__________ (ask)史密斯先生问题问(定式to ask动作执行者语I)
2) Please give me some books___________ (read)请书读(定式to read动作执行者句中me)
：I＇m going to the post office do you have anything _____________ (send)？
邮局什寄东西？(句中send动作句中you发出动)
练
1 Tom happened _____________ (pass) by when they spoke ill of him
2 We all hope ___________ (become) scientists
3 We all want ____________ (take) part in the sports meet
4 I happened ______________ (read) the article when he asked me about it
5 He pretended _______________ (be) a driver
6 When the father came home the naughty boy pretended ________________ (do) his homework
7 He is said to ___________ (write) a novel now
8 He is said ___________________ (send) to London already
9 She is said _________________ (meet) a fairy one day
10 Alice is said _______________ (do) her homework in her own room now
11 I don’t expect them _____________ (wait) for me when I arrived there so late
12 These boys are said ______________ (praise) for doing goods deeds
二动 名 词
1动名词构成特征 动名词动词+ing构成
动名词动词特征名词特征
2动名词法 动名词句中作语表语宾语定语
3动名词否定形式 动名词否定形式not +动名词构成
例：He made me angry by not taking the medicine
4动名词复合结构名词格物代词+动名词构成
例：Would you mind my opening the door
动名词作
1作语
Seeing is believing
Looking after the patients is a nurse`s job
动名词作语it作形式语特定句型
② It`s + no use no good no fun a shame a waste of timemoney useless+ doing
1 It’s no use doing sth It’s useless doing sth
做某事没做某事济事
2 It’s no good doing sth 做某事没效果处
3 It’s no fun doing sth 做某事玩 做某事没意思
Eg It’s no fun living on your own 独生活没意思
4 It’s a shame doing sth 做某事惜 做某事遗憾
5 It’s a waste of time money doing sth 做某事浪费时间钱
6There is no joking…轻易举事玩
①It is no use crying 哭济事
②It is no good objecting 反效 It’s no good smoking too much
③It`s a waste of time copying other`s homework
④There is no joking about the matter 事情轻易举事
1 It’s no use ______( sit ) here waiting
2 Is it any good ______( tell ) him the truth
3 It is great fun _____ (play) golf
2作表语to do 表示具体动作ing form表示泛指动作通常 S + be + doing
My job is teaching you English
His hobby is collecting stamps
My greatest happiness is serving the people
3作动词宾语
① S + vt+ doing
Have you finished reading the book
I suggest doing it in a different way
接动名词做宾语常特殊动词接动名记清
避免错 (少) 延期 avoid miss delaypostpone
建议完成 () 练 suggest advise finish practise
喜欢想象 禁住 enjoyappreciate imagine resist can’t help
承认 否定 () 嫉妒 admit denyenvy
逃脱 险 (莫) 原谅 escape envy risk pardon excuse
忍受 保持 () 介意 stand keep keep on mind
②作介词短语动词宾语 S + v + prep + doing
必 背 常见带介词to短语：
be used to 惯 be related to……关 get down to 着手做
be addicted to 沉溺 put one’s mind to 全神贯注
give rise to 引起 stick to 坚持 be equal to 胜
object to 反 devote oneself to 献身
lead to 导致 be opposed to 反 look forward to 盼
eg ①She sat there without ___________ (speak)
②I look forward to________ (see) him again
④When my father heard the news he couldn＇t help __________ (laugh)
⑤I don’t feel like ________ (go) to see the film
⑥He was busy__________ (prepare) his lessons
7 Most of them objected to_________ (leave) in such a hurry
8 How about Li Ming _________ (help) you with the job
9 The mother warned her son against _______ (fight)with other boys
10 The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed _____________ (catch)
11While we’re developing agriculture and industry we must prevent earth ____________ (pollute)
4动名词做定语 S + v + doing + n
动名词做定语说明修饰词某种途般放修饰词前面
eg a washing machine （动名词做定语 a machine which is used for washing）
Does he work in the readingroom
Our teacher uses a very good teaching method
His grandfather has a bamboo walking stick
四动名词时态语态
动语态
动语态
般式
doing
being done
完成式
having done
having been done
完成式：动名词完成式表示动作谓语动词表示动作前发生
例 I regret not having taken your advice
He didin’t mention having met you before
动式：动名词逻辑语动名词动作象时该动名词求动形式
例： She didn’t mind being called a housewife
判断列句子中动名词作什成分：
⑴ Smoking does great harm to people’s health
⑵ My job is looking after children
⑶ I have finished reading the novel
⑷ We have got a swimming pool in our school
(5)He made me angry by not taking the medicine
(6) Would you mind my opening the door
分 词
形 式
分词时态语态形式
构成（studygo例）
物物动词
物 动 词
物动词
动语态
动语态
动语态
现分词
般式
doing
being done
going
完成式
having done
having been done
having gone
分词
般式
done
gone
分词种形式 done
二 功
1．作表语1分词作表语
• surprising surprised
The result was ___________
They were ____________ at the news
• satisfied satisfying
He appeared __________ with my answer
The answer was ____________
总结： 现分词作表语般表示动语性质特征 令……意思 语数情况sth 分词作表语 般表示动说明语情感心理感受 感……语数情况sb
interesting感兴趣 interested感兴趣
exciting令激动 excited感激动
delighting令高兴 delighted感高兴
disappointing令失 disappointed感失
encouraging令鼓舞 encouraged感鼓舞
pleasing令愉快 pleased感愉快
puzzling令费解 puzzled感费解
satisfying令满意 satisfied感满意
surprising令惊异 surprised感惊异
worrying令担心 worried感担心
2分词作定语
A 单分词作定语
boiling water boiled water developing country developed country
falling leaves fallen leaves rising sun risen sun
总结：
现分词表示正进行动作 分词表示已完成动作
B 表示情感心理分词作定语
• exciting excited
He told us the __________ news The _________ pupils jumped with joy
• He had a ________(terrify) look in his eyes
• The boy answered in a ___________(frighten) voice
总结：分词修饰sb外修饰表示神态声音等名词 说明语心理状态
C 分词短语作定语
• Tell the children ________(play)there not to make so much noise who are playing there
• Did you see the man _______(talk) to the manager who was talking
• I used to live in a room _______(face)south which faced
• The house ___________(stand)at the corner of the street was built in 1955 that stands
总结： 现分词作定语a表示正进行动作 b表示常性动作现时状态
• Is this the book _____________(recommend)by our teacher
• The meeting ________(hold)last week is very important
• I hate to see letters ________(write) in pencil
总结：分词作定语：表示动
注①：果表示动作刻正发生现分词动形式表示：
The meeting _______________(hold)now is very important
We must keep a secret of the things _______________here
注②：果表示未动作定式动形式表示：
The meeting _____________(hold)next week is very important
Please tell me the subjects _______________(discuss)at the next
3作宾语(语)补足语：
• His lecture got us_________ (think)
• He got his bike ________ (repair) just now
• He watched the bed ________ (carry) out of the door
• He felt a great weight ________ (take ) off his mind 感心头释重负
• How would you like your hair ______ (cut)
• He is very popular among the students as he always tries to make them _________ (interest)in his lectures
• The other day I had my pocket ________(pick) on the bus
• I am sorry to have kept you ___________(wait) for so long a time
• have sb doing sth get sbsth doing sth开始行动
haveget sth done做 have sth done 遭受
make oneself heardunderstood leave sth undone 留未做
总结： 现分词做宾语补足语时宾语存动关系分词做宾语补足语时宾语存动关系
4分词作状语
形式
意义
doing
动句谓语动词时基时发生
having done
动先谓语动词发生
done
动
being done
动正进行般作原状语放句首
having been done
动先谓语动词发生
A作时间状语：
①When they heard the bad newsthey couldn’t help crying
_______ (hear) the bad news they couldn’t help crying
② When we were taken around the city we were deeply impressed by the city’s new look
When ______ around the city we were deeply impressed by the city’s new look
③ When he finished his work he went home
________________ his work he went home
B作原状语：
①Because he was poor he could not afford to travel abroad
___________ (be poor) he could not afford to travel abroad
___________ (encourage) by his heroic deeds they worked harder
_______ (lose) in thought he almost ran into a post
__________ (frighten) by the big forest fire the animals all ran away
_____________ (not know) her address we couldn’t get in touch with her
②Because I hadn’t received his letter I decided to call him up
___________________ (not receive) his letter I decided to call him up
_________________ (never be) to the city he soon got lost
C方式伴状语
①She watched the film ________ (weep ) and _______ (sigh)
②The teacher stood there __________ (surround) by a lot of students
D作条件状语：
①If I were given another chance I would have done the job far better
______ another chance I would have done the job far better
②(If) ________ (play) all day you will waste your valuable time
E作结果状语：(意料中结果)
① The hunters fired _________(shoot) one of the wolves ②The bus was held up by the snowstorm thus _________ (cause) the delay
区 定式表示意外结果
He hurried to the station only ________ (find) the train had left
F作步状语：
①Though it heavily rained heavily it cleared up very soon
________________ it cleared up very soon
②Though _____ (tell) of the danger he still risked his life to save the boy
分词作状语时 需注意
A 分词短语作状语时逻辑语通常应__________
________ (see) from the hill the city is beautiful
________ (see) from the hill you can see the whole city
B分词短语位置
般说时间原条件步等分词短语放句首表结果伴分词短语放句尾
Finding the door locked Tom went home ( _____ )
Tom went home finding the door locked （____）
Test yourself
1_____ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin
_____ to sunlight for too much time your skin will be harmed
A Exposed B Having exposed
C Being exposed D After being exposed
2 _____ such heavy pollution already it may now be too late to clean up the river
A Having suffered B Suffering
C To suffer D Suffered
3 The research is so designed that once _____ nothing can be
done to change it
A begins B having begun C beginning D begun
4 Finding her car stolen _____
A a policeman was asked to help
B the area was searching thoroughly
C it was looked for everywhere
D she hurried to a policeman for help
5 The idea for the new plan came to his mind to his experiment in the lab
A．while devoting B．while devoting himself
C．while he was devoted D．while devoted
1 改写列句子划线部分应改分词短语
1Look round when you cross the street
2 When she heard the news she burst into laughter
3 As she was still rather weak she could not stay up for too long
4Gentlemen always shake hands when they are introduced to each other
5A cold rain was falling It was mixed with snow
6While we were walking in the street we met some friends of ours
7The old man walked slowly He was supported by his little grandson
8The ground which is covered with white snow looks very beautiful
9There is a tall tree which covers the entrance to the cave
10The worker wrote to the police and disclosed who stole the money
高考常考形式较
to do
表目
to be done
动
to have been done
完成
to be doing
进行
doing
时动
being done
时动
having done动句谓语动词前发生
having been done
动句谓语动词前发生
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