句子成分
词定语法规结合起表示完整概念语言单位做句子组成句子部分(单词词组等)做句子成分句子成分语谓语宾语表语定语状语宾语补足语位语（解）等语谓语句子成分次成分
注意词类句子成分词类单纯指单词分类(名词动词等)句子成分指单词词组短语等句子中语法作(作语谓语)
1 语
语句子体般放谓语前动句中动作施予者动句中语通常动作象受事语通常名词代词数词定式动名词等担
1)名词作语
Mary is a good student玛丽学生The building was completed last month座楼月完工
2)代词作语
He enjoys walking in the hills 喜欢山里散步
No one can answer this question没回答问题
3)数词作语
Four plus six is ten4加6等10
Hundreds came to the exhibition百参观展览会
4)定式作语
To explore the Amazon River this summer has been very good news to me年夏天探险亚马孙河说消息
It is necessary to learn a foreign language well学门外语必
5)动名词作语
Smoking is bad for the health吸烟害健康Swimming is a good sport in summer游泳夏天种良运动
6)名词化形容词作语(the+形容词the+分词)
The young should respect the old青年应该尊重老年
The wounded have been sent to the hospital受伤已送医院
7)句作语
When we shall go back has not been decided yet什时候返回没决定
What she did is for your good做
2 谓语
谓语说明语动作状态表明语做什什处什情况状态谓语动词担简单谓语复合谓语分
1)简单谓语
动词动词词组构成
We reviewed our lessons yesterday昨天复功课
He looked after her two years ago两年前顾
2)复合谓语
(1)情态动词+动词作谓语
She can speak English very well英语说
The work may be done in a week项工作周做完
(2)连系动词+表语作谓语
The dictionary is mine词典
She looks happy高兴
3 宾语
1)作宾语词句子
宾语表示动作象动作承受者名词代词相名词词表示般放物动词介词面
(1)名词作宾语
Paper catches fire easily 纸容易着火
He enjoys music爱音乐
(2)代词作宾语
I saw her this morning天午He will do anything for her什愿意做
(3)数词作宾语
If you add 5 to 3you get 85加38
I like the third喜欢第3
(4)名词化形容词分词(the+形容词the+分词) 作宾语
We should respect the old应该尊敬老They have taken the injured to the hospital伤者送医院
(5)定式作宾语
Please remember to buy me some stamps请记住买邮票
He likes to make people laugh喜欢逗发笑
(6)动名词作宾语
He stopped smoking last month月戒烟
She denied saying that否认说种话
(7)疑问词+定式作宾语
答 dont hooe loe to anoer her知道南回She hasn＇t decided where to go没决定里
(8)句作宾语
I wish you would study hard希努力学
He said he would come说
2)直接宾语间接宾语
物动词(give ask tell offerteachshowbuy 等)带两宾语指称间接宾语表示动作方动作目标常名词代词充指物称直接宾语表示动作象结果常名词代词数词定式等充
Mother bought me a cap yesterday母亲昨天买顶帽子
She taught us English then时教英语I sent my mother three letters last month月母亲寄3封信
提示
1间接宾语通常位直接宾语前时强调间接宾语直接宾语+tofor+间接宾语结构间接宾语置
Will you buy another dictionary for her买词典？
She gave some good advice to the students学生建议
2果直接宾语称代词须间接宾语置前面加to
I have found the book and given it to her找书
4 宾语补足语
物动词带宾语需补足成分句意完整补足成分做宾语补足语说明宾语行特征状态身份等宾语宾语补足语起构成复合宾语够充宾语补足语词名词形容词副词介词短语定式分词动名词句等动词 call allowelect keep consider make see find name hear smell have let get help prefer declare wish advisefeel 等面常宾语补足语
The teacher made the children get up early老师孩子早起(动词定式)
I found her quite busy发现忙(形容词)
They named the girl Alice女孩起名艾丽丝(名词)
We elected him monitor of the class选班长(名词)
I want him back回(副词)
分o keephe sating等(现I consider the work well done认项工作做(分词)
He found her in trouble发现遇麻烦(介词短语)
People call such a waykilling two birds with onestone称种方法箭双雕(动名词)She has made him what he used to be已恢复原状态(句)
5 表语
表语放连系动词说明语特征状态身份等充表语词名词代词形容词副词定式动名词分词介词短语句子
1)名词作表语
She is our teacher老师
He became king when he was only a child孩子时国王
2)代词作表语
Who is itIt＇s me 谁？
The pencil is hers支铅笔
3)形容词作表语
I am free today 天空
The sky is blue 天空蓝色
4)副词作表语
Her mother will be back soon母亲久回
He is there 里
5)数词作表语
He＇s sixteen years old16岁
She＇s always the first to come总第
6)定式作表语
Her work is to look after the children工作孩子
My dream is to fly to the moon梦想飞月球
7)动名词作表语
Her hobby is collecting stamps嗜集邮
What she likes is growing flowers喜养花
8)分词作表语
He seemed worried about it似件事担心
It is surprising to hear the news听消息令吃惊
提示
常作表语分词：gone走
lost 失迷路
satisfied 满意
interested感兴趣
bored厌烦
known知
broken 碎破
puzzled 困惑解
worried 担心
confused迷惑
excited兴奋
astonished 吃惊
tired 疲劳
disappointed 失
pleased高兴
surprised 吃惊
touched感动
discouraged 泄气
done做完
9)疑问词+定式作表语
The problem is how to get enough money 问题样足够钱
The difficulty is how to cross the river困难样渡河
10)介词短语作表语
She is at home in English精通英语
Life is like a long river生命条长河
11)句作表语
That is what I think想
The problem is who can drive you home问题谁开车送回家
6 定语
定语修饰名词代词作定语词形容词名词代词数词副词介词短语定式分词动名词句子等定语分前置定语置定语形容词代词数词名词动名词分词作定语时通常放修饰词前面做前置定语介词短语定式(短语)分词短语句子作定语时通常放修饰词面做置定语注意果前置定语修饰someanyeveryno 等构成定代词( somebodyanything everyonenothing)时定语放词面参见第五章
1)形容词作定语
That is a tall tree棵高树(前置)
There is something wrong with the radio收音机毛病(置)
2)名词作定语
They are talking about a maths problem讨数学问题(前置)
Computer science is developing rapidly电脑科技发展快(前置)
3)代词作定语
Your hair needs cutting头发需理(前置)
Can anyone answer this question回答问题？(前置)
4)副词作定语
He is reading in the room above正楼房间里读书(置)
That＇s the only way out唯出路(置)
She asked for a day off请假天(置)The students there are watching a football game边学生观足球赛(置)
The weather today is rather cold 天天气相冷(置)
5)数词作定语
Thirty students attended the party 30名学生参加晚会(前置)
She won the first prize in the speech contest演讲赛中获第名(前置)
6)动名词作定语
He bought some sleeping pills买安眠药(前置)
He is in the reading room阅览室(前置)
7)分词作定语
He gave an inspiring speech yesterday 昨天作激动心演讲(前置)
The girl standing on the left is his daughter站左边女孩女(置)
He bought a TV set made in that factory买台家工厂制造电视机(置)
8)定式作定语
I have a lot of work to do today天工作做(置)
I＇d like to buy some books to read during the trip想买书旅途中读(置)
9)句作定语
The man who spoke to you just now is his father刚说话父亲(置)He that will thrive must rise at five 五更起事业兴(置)
He who would search for pearls must dive below采珍珠须潜水(置)
提示
定语时修饰词时应该词关系密切定语放(参见第五章形容词
关容)
a young Chinese writer位年轻中国作家a clever little girl聪明女孩
a great modern socialist country伟现代化社会义国家
7 状语
状语修饰动词形容词副词整句子表示时间点原方式程度目结果条件步频度等情况通常作状语词副词介词短语定式分词名词词组句等
1)时间状语
般位句尾时位句首语谓语间
The plane will take off in a few minutes 分钟飞机起飞
Having finished the jobhe went to have supper完成工作吃晚饭(强调)
On seeing herI said Helloto her见招呼
问关家庭情况时女没回答The woman asked about her family made no answer
Asked about her family the woman made no answer
The woman made no answer asked about her family
2)点状语
般位句尾时位句首句中There are plenty of fish in the lake湖里许鱼
He has been looking for you here and there处找
3)原状语
位句尾时位句首
He came late because of the rain雨迟
As he has no car he can＇t get there easily 没车里方便
提示
because since as now thatfor 等连词引导原状语句外(参见关部分)原状语表示法简介绍
1for(原理)
Thank you very much for your help非常感谢帮助
He jumped for joy高兴跳起
I can see nothing for the dense fog雾什见
2from(……)
The campers died from cold露营者冻死She didn＇t dare to go there from fear害怕敢
③at(感官影响引起观感性反应)She laughed at the joke听笑话笑起
He was surprised at seeing her again次见感吃惊
④with(原理)
They were singing with joy高兴唱起He is bent with age年老腰弯
5through(指事情)He made the mistakes through carelessness粗心犯错误
The company went bankrupt through no fault of mine 公司破产失
⑥due to()
He came late due to the rain雨迟She had to stay at home due to a knee injury膝伤家里
⑦ because of(相because引导句)She cancelled the trip because ofthe badweather天气糟糕取消旅行
⑧thanks to(亏)
Thanks to the policeman the child was saved from drowning亏位警察落水童救Thanks to the timely rain they reaped a goodharvest亏时雨获收成9 out of(出……原)
I came out of interest 兴趣
She did it out of concern for us出关心做件事
He kicked the door out of bad temper发脾气脚踢门
⑩on account of()
We stayed indoors on account of the storm暴风雨外出
1 owing to()
He failed owing to lack of work工作做够失败
2 on the ground of()
He gave up the work on the ground of the lowpayment酬金太低放弃份工作
3定式分词
I am very glad to see you back回非常高兴
Tired out he stopped to have a rest累停休息
Not knowing what to do next he went to ask Mr Brown for advice 知道步该
办布朗先生征求意见
4)方式伴状语
常位句尾(动词动词+宾语)
They listened to the teacher attentively注意听老师讲课
She cut the apple with a knife刀子苹果切开
位老路走着面着条狗An old man walked along the roadfollowed by a dog
An old man followed by a dog walked along the road
Followed by a dog an old man walked along the road
5)程度状语
位修饰词前面
The river is very long条河长
This film is entirely different from that one
部电影部电影完全
提示
enough作状语时位修饰词面例：This problem is easy enough问题极简单
6)目状语
常位句尾
He ran fast to catch the train飞跑着赶火车
He went there for the purpose of seeing her里想见见
To pass the exam she studied hard勤奋学便通考试(时目状语放句首加强语气)
7)结果状语
位句尾
She woke suddenly to find him standing near thebed
突然醒发现站床边
It rained so hard that we had to stay at home
雨太家里
8)条件状语
位句首
Turning to the leftyou will see the library 左转弯会图书馆
Provided (that) no objection is raisedwe shall hold the meeting here
果没反里开会
Given better attention the trees would have grown better
加理树长更
Without enough water we couldn＇t grow ricehere果没足够水种水稻(介词 withoutbut for等表示条件)
9)步状语
位句首句尾
They continued to walk in spite of the heavysnow着雪然继续前走
Although he is poor in health he is strong inwill然身体虚弱意志坚强
10)频度状语
表示频度时间状语oftenalwaysseldom never ever often sometimes usually等通常位句中放行动词前面be动词情态动词面
He usually goes to bed at ten通常10点钟睡
He is seldom angry少生气
I will always remember her永远记着
11)状语连次序问题
(1)方式→点→时间
连状语修饰动词时通常方式状语→点状语→时间状语序排列
They talked happily in the room last night昨天晚房间里谈愉快
She walked quickly into the room just now刚快步走进房间
(2)
时间状语点状语时修饰动词时般序排列
He stayed here for two months last year 年里2月
She then lived in a small village in the north时住北方村子里
(3)变化位置
状语简略回答中谓语部分be动词助动词情态动词时位置变化
He will never do it againYes he neverwill
决做件事决做
San Francisco is usually cool in the summer but Los Angeles rarely is 旧金山夏天通常凉爽洛杉矶夏天少样
8 位语（解）
位语指前面名词代词语法处等位句子成分该名词代词作进步补充解释说明作位语名词代词数词句等通常置说明词
We your friends are always ready to help you
朋友时刻准备帮助
They three went to the flower show yesterday
3昨天花展
They each sang a song唱首歌
When coal the remains of plants is burned chemical energy is changed into heat energy
煤植物遗骸燃烧时化学变成热
He had to face the fact that the nearest gas station is forty miles away
面事实加油站40英里外
位语引导词常：namely viz or or rather that is i e ie such as especially or better (still) that is to sayfor examplee g for instance say for one chiefly mainlyparticularly等
She left the school last monthnamelythat is that is to sayin May this year
月年5月离开学校
There are jobs more dangerous than truck driving for instancetraining tigers
工作驾驶卡车危险例驯虎
There are different forms of energysuch as heat energy sound energy electric energy and chemicalenergy
种形式热声电化学
She began asking more questions chiefly aboutaccounts
开始问更问题账目方面
You should avoid eating fat meat pork inparticular
应避免吃肥肉特肥猪肉
9 独立成分（解）
英语中独立成分感叹词呼语插入语三种词词组谓结构句子中成分语法联系称独立成分
91 感叹词（解）
感叹词说话者表达某种感情情绪突然发出词句中作成分独立句子外
没实意义感叹词常位句首位句中句尾常：
ah (啊)oh(啊嗅)aha(啊哈) alas (啊呀)wow (哇)why(哎呀什<表示吃惊满意等>)gosh(唉糟糕)ha ha (哈哈)hurrah( 哇)damn(该死讨 厌 妈 )phew(啐)heavens(天)boy(荷家伙<表示兴奋惊奇赞扬等>)uhhuh(啊哈)
Boy what a game嘿真场精彩赛
GoshYou＇ve forgot my name天竟名字忘
Oh how diligent he is啊勤奋
Well how cold the room is哎呀屋子里冷
Why you are here already嗯已
Oh dear he is so stubborn天竟然固执
92呼语（解）
Johnwhere are you going
约翰里？
Ladies and gentlemen you are welcome to the party
女士先生欢迎参加晚会
93 插入语（解）
In my opinion this is the best solution to the
problem解决问题方案
By the waydoes he still live there便问住里？
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词定语法规结合起表示完整概念语言单位做句子组成句子部分(单词词组等)做句子成分句子成分语谓语宾语表语定语状语宾语补足语位语（解）等语谓语句子成分次成分
注意词类句子成分词类单纯指单词分类(名词动词等)句子成分指单词词组短语等句子中语法作(作语谓语)
1 语
语句子体般放谓语前动句中动作施予者动句中语通常动作象受事语通常名词代词数词定式动名词等担
1)名词作语
Mary is a good student玛丽学生The building was completed last month座楼月完工
2)代词作语
He enjoys walking in the hills 喜欢山里散步
No one can answer this question没回答问题
3)数词作语
Four plus six is ten4加6等10
Hundreds came to the exhibition百参观展览会
4)定式作语
To explore the Amazon River this summer has been very good news to me年夏天探险亚马孙河说消息
It is necessary to learn a foreign language well学门外语必
5)动名词作语
Smoking is bad for the health吸烟害健康Swimming is a good sport in summer游泳夏天种良运动
6)名词化形容词作语(the+形容词the+分词)
The young should respect the old青年应该尊重老年
The wounded have been sent to the hospital受伤已送医院
7)句作语
When we shall go back has not been decided yet什时候返回没决定
What she did is for your good做
2 谓语
谓语说明语动作状态表明语做什什处什情况状态谓语动词担简单谓语复合谓语分
1)简单谓语
动词动词词组构成
We reviewed our lessons yesterday昨天复功课
He looked after her two years ago两年前顾
2)复合谓语
(1)情态动词+动词作谓语
She can speak English very well英语说
The work may be done in a week项工作周做完
(2)连系动词+表语作谓语
The dictionary is mine词典
She looks happy高兴
3 宾语
1)作宾语词句子
宾语表示动作象动作承受者名词代词相名词词表示般放物动词介词面
(1)名词作宾语
Paper catches fire easily 纸容易着火
He enjoys music爱音乐
(2)代词作宾语
I saw her this morning天午He will do anything for her什愿意做
(3)数词作宾语
If you add 5 to 3you get 85加38
I like the third喜欢第3
(4)名词化形容词分词(the+形容词the+分词) 作宾语
We should respect the old应该尊敬老They have taken the injured to the hospital伤者送医院
(5)定式作宾语
Please remember to buy me some stamps请记住买邮票
He likes to make people laugh喜欢逗发笑
(6)动名词作宾语
He stopped smoking last month月戒烟
She denied saying that否认说种话
(7)疑问词+定式作宾语
答 dont hooe loe to anoer her知道南回She hasn＇t decided where to go没决定里
(8)句作宾语
I wish you would study hard希努力学
He said he would come说
2)直接宾语间接宾语
物动词(give ask tell offerteachshowbuy 等)带两宾语指称间接宾语表示动作方动作目标常名词代词充指物称直接宾语表示动作象结果常名词代词数词定式等充
Mother bought me a cap yesterday母亲昨天买顶帽子
She taught us English then时教英语I sent my mother three letters last month月母亲寄3封信
提示
1间接宾语通常位直接宾语前时强调间接宾语直接宾语+tofor+间接宾语结构间接宾语置
Will you buy another dictionary for her买词典？
She gave some good advice to the students学生建议
2果直接宾语称代词须间接宾语置前面加to
I have found the book and given it to her找书
4 宾语补足语
物动词带宾语需补足成分句意完整补足成分做宾语补足语说明宾语行特征状态身份等宾语宾语补足语起构成复合宾语够充宾语补足语词名词形容词副词介词短语定式分词动名词句等动词 call allowelect keep consider make see find name hear smell have let get help prefer declare wish advisefeel 等面常宾语补足语
The teacher made the children get up early老师孩子早起(动词定式)
I found her quite busy发现忙(形容词)
They named the girl Alice女孩起名艾丽丝(名词)
We elected him monitor of the class选班长(名词)
I want him back回(副词)
分o keephe sating等(现I consider the work well done认项工作做(分词)
He found her in trouble发现遇麻烦(介词短语)
People call such a waykilling two birds with onestone称种方法箭双雕(动名词)She has made him what he used to be已恢复原状态(句)
5 表语
表语放连系动词说明语特征状态身份等充表语词名词代词形容词副词定式动名词分词介词短语句子
1)名词作表语
She is our teacher老师
He became king when he was only a child孩子时国王
2)代词作表语
Who is itIt＇s me 谁？
The pencil is hers支铅笔
3)形容词作表语
I am free today 天空
The sky is blue 天空蓝色
4)副词作表语
Her mother will be back soon母亲久回
He is there 里
5)数词作表语
He＇s sixteen years old16岁
She＇s always the first to come总第
6)定式作表语
Her work is to look after the children工作孩子
My dream is to fly to the moon梦想飞月球
7)动名词作表语
Her hobby is collecting stamps嗜集邮
What she likes is growing flowers喜养花
8)分词作表语
He seemed worried about it似件事担心
It is surprising to hear the news听消息令吃惊
提示
常作表语分词：gone走
lost 失迷路
satisfied 满意
interested感兴趣
bored厌烦
known知
broken 碎破
puzzled 困惑解
worried 担心
confused迷惑
excited兴奋
astonished 吃惊
tired 疲劳
disappointed 失
pleased高兴
surprised 吃惊
touched感动
discouraged 泄气
done做完
9)疑问词+定式作表语
The problem is how to get enough money 问题样足够钱
The difficulty is how to cross the river困难样渡河
10)介词短语作表语
She is at home in English精通英语
Life is like a long river生命条长河
11)句作表语
That is what I think想
The problem is who can drive you home问题谁开车送回家
6 定语
定语修饰名词代词作定语词形容词名词代词数词副词介词短语定式分词动名词句子等定语分前置定语置定语形容词代词数词名词动名词分词作定语时通常放修饰词前面做前置定语介词短语定式(短语)分词短语句子作定语时通常放修饰词面做置定语注意果前置定语修饰someanyeveryno 等构成定代词( somebodyanything everyonenothing)时定语放词面参见第五章
1)形容词作定语
That is a tall tree棵高树(前置)
There is something wrong with the radio收音机毛病(置)
2)名词作定语
They are talking about a maths problem讨数学问题(前置)
Computer science is developing rapidly电脑科技发展快(前置)
3)代词作定语
Your hair needs cutting头发需理(前置)
Can anyone answer this question回答问题？(前置)
4)副词作定语
He is reading in the room above正楼房间里读书(置)
That＇s the only way out唯出路(置)
She asked for a day off请假天(置)The students there are watching a football game边学生观足球赛(置)
The weather today is rather cold 天天气相冷(置)
5)数词作定语
Thirty students attended the party 30名学生参加晚会(前置)
She won the first prize in the speech contest演讲赛中获第名(前置)
6)动名词作定语
He bought some sleeping pills买安眠药(前置)
He is in the reading room阅览室(前置)
7)分词作定语
He gave an inspiring speech yesterday 昨天作激动心演讲(前置)
The girl standing on the left is his daughter站左边女孩女(置)
He bought a TV set made in that factory买台家工厂制造电视机(置)
8)定式作定语
I have a lot of work to do today天工作做(置)
I＇d like to buy some books to read during the trip想买书旅途中读(置)
9)句作定语
The man who spoke to you just now is his father刚说话父亲(置)He that will thrive must rise at five 五更起事业兴(置)
He who would search for pearls must dive below采珍珠须潜水(置)
提示
定语时修饰词时应该词关系密切定语放(参见第五章形容词
关容)
a young Chinese writer位年轻中国作家a clever little girl聪明女孩
a great modern socialist country伟现代化社会义国家
7 状语
状语修饰动词形容词副词整句子表示时间点原方式程度目结果条件步频度等情况通常作状语词副词介词短语定式分词名词词组句等
1)时间状语
般位句尾时位句首语谓语间
The plane will take off in a few minutes 分钟飞机起飞
Having finished the jobhe went to have supper完成工作吃晚饭(强调)
On seeing herI said Helloto her见招呼
问关家庭情况时女没回答The woman asked about her family made no answer
Asked about her family the woman made no answer
The woman made no answer asked about her family
2)点状语
般位句尾时位句首句中There are plenty of fish in the lake湖里许鱼
He has been looking for you here and there处找
3)原状语
位句尾时位句首
He came late because of the rain雨迟
As he has no car he can＇t get there easily 没车里方便
提示
because since as now thatfor 等连词引导原状语句外(参见关部分)原状语表示法简介绍
1for(原理)
Thank you very much for your help非常感谢帮助
He jumped for joy高兴跳起
I can see nothing for the dense fog雾什见
2from(……)
The campers died from cold露营者冻死She didn＇t dare to go there from fear害怕敢
③at(感官影响引起观感性反应)She laughed at the joke听笑话笑起
He was surprised at seeing her again次见感吃惊
④with(原理)
They were singing with joy高兴唱起He is bent with age年老腰弯
5through(指事情)He made the mistakes through carelessness粗心犯错误
The company went bankrupt through no fault of mine 公司破产失
⑥due to()
He came late due to the rain雨迟She had to stay at home due to a knee injury膝伤家里
⑦ because of(相because引导句)She cancelled the trip because ofthe badweather天气糟糕取消旅行
⑧thanks to(亏)
Thanks to the policeman the child was saved from drowning亏位警察落水童救Thanks to the timely rain they reaped a goodharvest亏时雨获收成9 out of(出……原)
I came out of interest 兴趣
She did it out of concern for us出关心做件事
He kicked the door out of bad temper发脾气脚踢门
⑩on account of()
We stayed indoors on account of the storm暴风雨外出
1 owing to()
He failed owing to lack of work工作做够失败
2 on the ground of()
He gave up the work on the ground of the lowpayment酬金太低放弃份工作
3定式分词
I am very glad to see you back回非常高兴
Tired out he stopped to have a rest累停休息
Not knowing what to do next he went to ask Mr Brown for advice 知道步该
办布朗先生征求意见
4)方式伴状语
常位句尾(动词动词+宾语)
They listened to the teacher attentively注意听老师讲课
She cut the apple with a knife刀子苹果切开
位老路走着面着条狗An old man walked along the roadfollowed by a dog
An old man followed by a dog walked along the road
Followed by a dog an old man walked along the road
5)程度状语
位修饰词前面
The river is very long条河长
This film is entirely different from that one
部电影部电影完全
提示
enough作状语时位修饰词面例：This problem is easy enough问题极简单
6)目状语
常位句尾
He ran fast to catch the train飞跑着赶火车
He went there for the purpose of seeing her里想见见
To pass the exam she studied hard勤奋学便通考试(时目状语放句首加强语气)
7)结果状语
位句尾
She woke suddenly to find him standing near thebed
突然醒发现站床边
It rained so hard that we had to stay at home
雨太家里
8)条件状语
位句首
Turning to the leftyou will see the library 左转弯会图书馆
Provided (that) no objection is raisedwe shall hold the meeting here
果没反里开会
Given better attention the trees would have grown better
加理树长更
Without enough water we couldn＇t grow ricehere果没足够水种水稻(介词 withoutbut for等表示条件)
9)步状语
位句首句尾
They continued to walk in spite of the heavysnow着雪然继续前走
Although he is poor in health he is strong inwill然身体虚弱意志坚强
10)频度状语
表示频度时间状语oftenalwaysseldom never ever often sometimes usually等通常位句中放行动词前面be动词情态动词面
He usually goes to bed at ten通常10点钟睡
He is seldom angry少生气
I will always remember her永远记着
11)状语连次序问题
(1)方式→点→时间
连状语修饰动词时通常方式状语→点状语→时间状语序排列
They talked happily in the room last night昨天晚房间里谈愉快
She walked quickly into the room just now刚快步走进房间
(2)
时间状语点状语时修饰动词时般序排列
He stayed here for two months last year 年里2月
She then lived in a small village in the north时住北方村子里
(3)变化位置
状语简略回答中谓语部分be动词助动词情态动词时位置变化
He will never do it againYes he neverwill
决做件事决做
San Francisco is usually cool in the summer but Los Angeles rarely is 旧金山夏天通常凉爽洛杉矶夏天少样
8 位语（解）
位语指前面名词代词语法处等位句子成分该名词代词作进步补充解释说明作位语名词代词数词句等通常置说明词
We your friends are always ready to help you
朋友时刻准备帮助
They three went to the flower show yesterday
3昨天花展
They each sang a song唱首歌
When coal the remains of plants is burned chemical energy is changed into heat energy
煤植物遗骸燃烧时化学变成热
He had to face the fact that the nearest gas station is forty miles away
面事实加油站40英里外
位语引导词常：namely viz or or rather that is i e ie such as especially or better (still) that is to sayfor examplee g for instance say for one chiefly mainlyparticularly等
She left the school last monthnamelythat is that is to sayin May this year
月年5月离开学校
There are jobs more dangerous than truck driving for instancetraining tigers
工作驾驶卡车危险例驯虎
There are different forms of energysuch as heat energy sound energy electric energy and chemicalenergy
种形式热声电化学
She began asking more questions chiefly aboutaccounts
开始问更问题账目方面
You should avoid eating fat meat pork inparticular
应避免吃肥肉特肥猪肉
9 独立成分（解）
英语中独立成分感叹词呼语插入语三种词词组谓结构句子中成分语法联系称独立成分
91 感叹词（解）
感叹词说话者表达某种感情情绪突然发出词句中作成分独立句子外
没实意义感叹词常位句首位句中句尾常：
ah (啊)oh(啊嗅)aha(啊哈) alas (啊呀)wow (哇)why(哎呀什<表示吃惊满意等>)gosh(唉糟糕)ha ha (哈哈)hurrah( 哇)damn(该死讨 厌 妈 )phew(啐)heavens(天)boy(荷家伙<表示兴奋惊奇赞扬等>)uhhuh(啊哈)
Boy what a game嘿真场精彩赛
GoshYou＇ve forgot my name天竟名字忘
Oh how diligent he is啊勤奋
Well how cold the room is哎呀屋子里冷
Why you are here already嗯已
Oh dear he is so stubborn天竟然固执
92呼语（解）
Johnwhere are you going
约翰里？
Ladies and gentlemen you are welcome to the party
女士先生欢迎参加晚会
93 插入语（解）
In my opinion this is the best solution to the
problem解决问题方案
By the waydoes he still live there便问住里？
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