2013年全国硕士研究生入学统考试英语试题
Section Ⅰ Use of English
People are on the whole poor at considering background information when making individual decisions At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors But Dr Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decisionmakers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with 4 he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to probation on that day
To 8 this idea he turned to the universityadmissions process In theory the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11
He studied the results of 9323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissions officers The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant＇s score on the Graduate Management Admission Test or GMAT a standardised exam which is 16 out of 800 points to make a decision on whether to accept him or her
Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 075 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0075 points This might sound small but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20
1[A] grant [B] submits [C] transmits [D] delivers
2[A] minor [B]objective [C] crucial [D] external
3[A] issue [B] vision [C] picture [D] moment
4[A] For example [B] On average [C] In principle[D] Above all
5[A] fond [B]fearful [C] capable [D] thoughtless
6[A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for
7[A] if [B]until [C] though [D] unless
8[A] promote [B]emphasize [C] share [D] test
9[A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success
10[A] chosen [B]stupid [C]found [D] identified
11[A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise
12[A] inspired [B]expressed [C] conducted [D] secured
13[A] assigned [B]rated [C] matched [D] arranged
14[A] put [B]got [C]gave [D] took
15[A]instead [B]then [C] ever [D] rather
16[A]selected [B]passed [C] marked [D] introduced
17[A]before [B] after [C] above [D] below
18[A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate
19[A]achieve [B]undo [C] maintain [D]disregard
20 [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpful
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions：Read the following four texts Answer the questions after each text by choosing A B C or D Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (40 points)
Text 1
In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada Miranda Priestly played by Meryl Streep scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment
This topdown conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed Elizabeth Cline’s threeyear indictment of fast fashion In the last decades or so advances in technology have allowed massmarket labels such as Zara H&M and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely Quckier turnrounds mean less wasted inventory more frequent releases and more profit Those labels encourage styleconscious consumers to see clothes as disposal—— meant to last only a wash or two although they don’t advertise that——and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks By offering ontrend items at dirtcheap prices Cline argues these brands have hijacked fashion cycles shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace
The victims of this revolution of course are not limited to designers For H&M to offer a 595 knit miniskirt in all its 2300plus stores around the world it must rely on lowwage overseas labor order in volumes that strain natural resources and use massive amount of harmful chemicals
Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma Massproduced clothing like fast food fills a hunger and need yet is nondurable and wasteful Cline argues Americans she finds buy roughly 20 billion garments a year——about 64 items per person——and no matter how much they give away this excess leads to waste
Towards the end of Overdressed Cline introduced her ideal a Brooklyn woman named SKB who since 2008 has make all of her own clothes——and beautifully But as Cline is the first to note it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft her example can’t be knocked off
Though several fastfashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment——including H&M with its green Conscious Collection Line——Cline believes lastingchange can only be effected by the customer She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability be it in food or in energy Vanity is a constant people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford to it
21 Priestly criticizes her assistant for her
[A] poor bargaining skill [B] insensitivity to fashion
[C] obsession with high fashion [D]lack of imagination
22 According to Cline massmaket labels urge consumers to
[A] combat unnecessary waste [B] shut out the feverish fashion world
[C] resist the influence of advertisements [D] shop for their garments more frequently
23 The word indictment (Line 3 Para2) is closest in meaning to
[A] accusation [B] enthusiasm [C] indifference [D] tolerance
24 Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph
[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists [B] The fastfashion industry ignores sustainability
[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments [D] Pricing is vital to environmentfriendly purchasing
25 What is the subject of the text
[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle [B] Challenge to a highfashion myth
[C] Criticism of the fastfashion industry [D] Exposure of a massmarket secret
Text 2
An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wastedthe trouble is no one knows which half In the internet age at least in theory this fraction can be much reduced By watching what people search for click on and say online companies can aim behavioural ads at those most likely to buy
In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such finegrained information Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads Or should they have explicit permission
In December 2010 America＇s Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a do not track (DNT) option to internet browsers so that users could tell adwertisers that they did not want to be followed Microsoft＇s Internet Explorer and Apple＇s Safari both offer DNT Google＇s Chrome is due to do so this year In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests
On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row It said that Internet Explorer 10the version due to appear windows 8 would have DNT as a default
It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond Geting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking although some companies have promised to do so Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway
Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone Atter all it has an ad business too which it says will comply with DNT requests though it is still working out how If it is trying to upset Google which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google＇s on that count before Brendon Lynch Microsoft＇s chief privacy officer bloggdewe believe consumers should have more control Could it really be that simple
26 It is suggested in paragraph 1 that behavioural ads help advertisers to
[A] ease competition among themselves [B] lower their operational costs
[C] avoid complaints from consumers [D]provide better online services
27 The industry (Line 6Para3) refers to
[A] online advertisers [B] ecommerce conductors
[C] digital information analysis [D]internet browser developers
28 Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default
[A] many cut the number of junk ads [B] fails to affect the ad industry
[C] will not benefit consumers [D]goes against human nature
29 which of the following is ture according to Paragraph6
[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose [B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT
[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers [D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads
30 The author＇s attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of
[A] indulgence [B] understanding [C] appreciaction [D] skepticism
Text 3
Up until a few decades ago our visions of the future were largely though by no means uniformly glowingly positive Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all
Now utopia has grown unfashionable as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to
But such gloominess is misplaced The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years so why shouldn＇t we Take a broader look at our species＇ place in the universe and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens if not hundreds of thousands of years Look up Homo sapiens in the Red List of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) and you will read Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed adaptable currently increasing and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline
So what does our deep future hold A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question For example the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence
Perhaps willfully it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future The potential evolution of today＇s technology and its social consequences is dazzlingly complicated and it＇s perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage That＇s one reason why we have launched Arc a new publication dedicated to the near future
But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance As so often the past holds the key to the future we have now identified enough of the longterm patterns shaping the history of the planet and our species to make evidencebased forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves
This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad To be sure the future is not all rosy But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans and to improve the lot of those to come
31 Our vision of the future used to be inspired by
[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment [B] our faith in science and technology
[C] our awareness of potential risks [D] our belief in equal opportunity
32 The IUCN’s Red List suggest that human being are
[A] a sustained species [B] a threaten to the environment
[C] the world’s dominant power [D] a misplaced race
33 Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5
[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies [B] Technology offers solutions to social problem
[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise [D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive
34 To ensure the future of mankind it is crucial to
[A] explore our planet’s abundant resources [B] adopt an optimistic view of the world
[C] draw on our experience from the past [D] curb our ambition to reshape history
35 Which of the following would be the best title for the text
[A] Uncertainty about Our Future [B] Evolution of the Human Species
[C] The Everbright Prospects of Mankind [D] Science Technology and Humanity
Text 4
On a five to three vote the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Mondaya modest policy victory for the Obama Administration But on the more important matter of the Constitutionthe decision was an 80 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states
In Arizona v United States the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones
Justice Anthony Kennedy joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately occupied the field and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers
Howeverthe Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcementThat’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federalstate immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues
Two of the three objecting JusticeSamuel Alito and Clarence Thomasagreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statuteThe only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scaliawho offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts
The 80 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as a shocking assertion assertion of federal executive powerThe White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement prioritieseven if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letterIn effect the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with
Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government and control of citizenship and the borders is among them But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status it could It never did so The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes no state should be allowed to do so either Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim
36 Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they
[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers [B] disturbed the power balance between different states
[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law [D] contradicted both the federal and state policies
37 On which of the following did the Justices agreeaccording to Paragraph4
[A] Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’information[B] States’ independence from federal immigration law
[C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement [D] Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement
38 It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts
[A] violated the Constitution [B] undermined the states’ interests
[C] supported the federal statute [D] stood in favor of the states
39 The White House claims that its power of enforcement
[A] outweighs that held by the states [B] is dependent on the states’ support
[C] is established by federal statutes [D] rarely goes against state laws
40 What can be learned from the last paragraph
[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress
[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administrstion
[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress
[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues
Part B
Directions
In the following article some sentences have been removed For Questions 4145 choose the most suitable one from the list AG to fit into each of the numbered blank There are two extra choices which do not fit in any of the gaps Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (10 points)
The social sciences are flourishingAs of 2005there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world working both inside and outside academia According to the World Social Science Report 2010the number of socialscience students worldwide has swollen by about 11 every year since 2000
Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including climate change securitysustainable development and health(41)______Humanity has the necessary agrotechnological tools to eradicate hunger from genetically engineered crops to arificial fertilizers Here too the problems are social the organization and distribution of food wealth and prosperity
(42)____This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeterthere is no radical innovation without creative destruction
Today the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debatesrather than on topics with external impact
Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords environmental changed or climate change have increased rapidly since 2004(43)____
When social scientists do tackle practical issues their scope is often localBelgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful
The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)____this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate
The trick is to direct these funds betterThe European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientistsThis yearit was proposed that system be changedHorizon 2020a new program to be enacted in 2014would not have such a category This has resulted in protests from social scientistsBut the intention is not to neglect social science rather the complete opposite(45)____That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems
[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientistsone that is disciplineoriented and publishing in highly specialized journalsand one that is problemoriented and publishing elsewheresuch as policy briefs
[B] Howeverthe numbers are still smallin 2010about 1600 of the 100000 socialsciences papers published globally included one of these Keywords
[C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories including health and demographic change food security marine research and the bioeconomy clear efficient energy and inclusive innovative and secure societies
[D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community and what it considers to be its main goal Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists especially the young ones
[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior all require behavioral change and social innovations as well as technological development Stemming climate change for example is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy
[F] Despite these factors many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems And in Europe some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for socialscience research and to integrate it within crosscutting topics of sustainable development
[G] During the late 1990s national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development fundsincluding government higher education nonprofit and corporate varied from around 4 to 25 in most European nations it is about 15
Part B (10 points)
Section III Translation
46 Directions Translate the following text from English to Chinese Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2 (10 points)
Directions
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2 (10 points)
It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them the need for creative expression There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create express fashion and beautify and that selfexpression is a basic human urge (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless it strikes one that for all their diversity of styles these gardens speak os various other fundamental urges beyond that of decoration and creative expression
One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence a still point of the turning world to borrow a phrase from T S Eliot (47)A sacred place of peace however crude it may be is a distinctly human need as opposed to shelter which is a distinctly animal need This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking as it is for these unlikely gardens the foemer becomes all the more urgent Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand
Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us When we are deprived of green of plants of trees (49)most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials an institution of colors small pool of water and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference at some basic level seems to be the natural world (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a liberated sense to describe these synthetic constructions In them we can see biophilia a yearning for contact with nonhuman lifeassuming uncanny representational forms
Section III Writing
Party A
51 Directions
Write an email of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college inviting himher to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest
You should include the details you think necessary
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET
Do not sign your own name at the end of the email Use Li Ming instead
Do not write the address (10 points)
Part B (20 points)
Part B
52 Directions
Write an essay of about 160 – 200 words based on the following drawing In your essay you should
(1) describe the drawing briefly
(2) interpret its intended meaning and
(3) give your comments
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET (20 points)
2013年考研英语真题答案解析
1答案A
解析第句提总体言做决定时擅长考虑背景 信息第二句接文乍种优势that引起定语句种优势具种力够做出受外界素影响带偏见决定B选项submit 服提交ability连C选项transmit 传输发射ability 搭配D选项deliver 传递样ability搭配A C D搭配意思合适A选项grant身具赋予授予意思答案选A
2答案D
解析external外部素文backgroundinformation义复现考虑背景信息受外界素影响A选项minor 次B选项objective 客观C选项crucial 残酷D选项external 外部答案选D
3答案C
解析第三题句but引起句意转折XX推测考虑局会导致决策者日常接触信息影响带偏见首先注意空前面定冠词the医学全线wwwmed126com指代文信息考虑背景信息考虑环境局环境表达处选择picture贴切A选项 issue 问题B选项vision 想象力美景合适答案选C
4答案A
解析通读面句子提法官告明显生活中具体实例答案选AB选项 on average 均通常出现话周围应该出现数字C选项in principle体原面需出现总结性话语D选项above all首先 列举条目ABD排
5答案B
解析句意例提出理认法官敢罪行面前表现太软弱果天已宣判五六名告执行缓刑送入监狱A选项fond of 喜欢B选项 fear of 惧怕C选项capable of 力D选项thoughtless of 考虑周答案选B
6答案B
解析根句逻辑关系犯罪行方面害怕表现出太软弱方面关表达应该介词on答案B
7答案A
解析A if 表条件B选项 until 表时间not连直接排C选项though表步D选项unless 相 ifnot 通读空格前句子出两句间逻辑关系表示条件
8答案D
解析首先注意idea前面定冠词this明显指代文提出观点文法官例样文注意力转学录取程文观点例证目文观点进行检验A选项促进B选项强调C选项分享答案选D
9答案D
解析A选项decision决定B 选项quality质量品质C选项status位D选项success成功申请者____应该取决天机选名申请者接着文讲面试官面试MBA[微博]申请者结果results第9题应该结果意思文结合达正面结果答案申请者成功选项带入原文重叠答案原义符合
10答案A
解析空格面副词randomly机然机选项B选项studied研究C选项found 找 D选项identified鉴定randomly相矛盾全部排
11答案D
解析题解题关键but通suspect出Dr Simonsohn前文意思相反otherwise正符合题意
12答案C
解析外明显缺分词作interviews定语by面officersconducted(执行)符合语境正确答案
13答案B
解析题末尾one to five(五)前面on a scale(…范围) A分配D排列语义说通综合面factor(素)B(划分等级)整合起划分成五等级合情合理C match似to搭配符合文意正确答案B
14答案D
解析题需联系整句话take…into consideration(考虑涉)形式说没问题意义说等级考虑种素…文评级进步解释没问题
15答案B
解析承接文讲评级分半句讲(时学校等级)考试分结合中间conjunction词(联接)推断then(具承接意)正确答案AD意义法(代)conjunction相突C说通错误选项
16答案C
解析题出非限定性定语句先行词a standardized exam 半句800分考试分数间首选marked选项B通 具定干扰性注意语考试正确选项CA关选项
17答案A
解析句属较级面试者分数CD空间里缺时间先排CDB符合语言先逻辑正确答案A
18答案C
解析解题需to…the effects of such adecrease 判断接应聘者分数出现降直击正确选项C
19答案B
解析该句定式作语(面试考官)更低分数带影响推断消抵消种利结果应聘者需GMAT[微博]中30分A 达C 保持D漠视明显符A消正确答案
20答案C
解析该题难度较需句意弄懂30分…建议四选项分代入空格处A前途BC必须D帮助C合逻辑说30分原该考试必须求出外需30分衡前面更低分数C正确选项
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Text 1
21答案B (insensitivity to fashion)
解析事实细节题根题干首先定位首段文章第句半句…scoldsher unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her意思：……批评没魅力助理助理认高级时尚生活影响知criticizescolds义换B项中insensitivity to fashionimagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her义换B项正确答案
A项文中未提属中生C项D项文章第句曲解
22答案D (shop for their garments more frequently)
解析事实细节题根题干首先定位第二段倒数第二句these labels encouragestyleconscious consumers to see clothes as disposable …… and to renew their wardrobeevery few weeks意思商标(畅销商标)促时尚意识消费者服装成完丢弃……周更新衣橱D选项 shop for their garments morefrequently意思医学全线wwwmed126com更加频繁购买服装正renew their wardrobe every few weeks义换
ABC项均属中生项
23答案A (accusation)
解析词义题题干中需猜测词义单词出现第二段第句……thefeverish world described in OverdressedElizabeth Cline’s threeyear indictment of fast fashion’结合选项知indictmentElizabethCline快时尚种态度解答题关键联系文语境找Elizabeth Cline快时尚态度第二段句By offering ontrend items at dirtcheap prices Cline argues thesebrands have hijacked fashion cycles shaking an industry long accustomed to aseasonal pace意思Cline说通特低价格销售潮流物品品牌破坏潮流周期动摇长久惯季节周期产业hijackshaking知Cline快时尚应该持否定态度选项Aaccusation (谴责)正确选项
24答案D (pricing is vital to environmentalfriendlypurchasing)
解析推理判断题根题干定位段解题关键Vanity is a constant peoplewill only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to意思虚荣常见消费者付起太东西时候会更加持续方式购物句关键词affordshopmore sustainably应D项中pricingenvironmentalfriendly purchasingA项段曲解B项说忽视环境持续发展文中severalfastfashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and theenvironment…(时尚服饰公司已做出努力减少劳动力环境)意思相悖C项文中未提
25答案C (criticism of thefastfashion industry)
解析旨意题题考查全文旨意准确纳整文章脉络文章第段事例引入第二段讲文章题快时尚指出破坏时尚周期动摇时尚产业第三四段指出快时尚种变革弊端：然资源造成压力量害化学物质浪费现象两段提针快时尚良影响采取解决办法知C项统领全文正确答案
A BD项文章述中心题
Text 2
26答案C (lower their operational costs)
解析事实细节题根题干首先定位首段段意广告费半浪费掉通behavioralads追踪购买者搜索惯评价广告更针性降低预算成this fraction can be much reduced ABC选项文中未提属中生
27答案D (internet browser developers)
解析词义句意题the industry语篇中指代前面出现容前面出现Microsoft Internet ExplorerApple’s Safair Google’s ChromeD选项中中Internet browser developers BC选项文中未提属中生A选项非段中谈核心
28答案A (will not benefit consumers)
解析推理判断题解题关键… consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect informationabout their preferences说浏览器开发者收集消费者网购物倾时消费中受益BCD选项文中未提属中生
29答案B (DNT may not serve its intended purpose)
解析推理判断题根题干定位第六段解题关键理解段行文逻辑unableto tell whether…or whether some may ignore…说辨体真正反行广告辨支持微软做法甚忽视DNT继续先前做法见B项符合题意ACD选项容段中均没提
30答案C (skepticism)
解析观点态度题根题干定位文章段倒数第二句Brendon Lynch博客中评道：认消费者应该更权(掌控权)解题关键句Could it be really that simple中明显出作者怀疑态度A项理解B项赞成D选项容意思
Text 3
31答案[B] our faith in science and technology
解析事实细节题根出题序性原回文定位文章第段该段落计两句话第句总体交代未畅想总体积极正面(were largely positive)题正确答案隐含第二句话中第二句子实际紧接着第句话交代积极畅想原科学技术治愈类切疾病确定题正确答案B选项AD错果倒置 lives of fulfillment
opportunity for all科学技术带结果非原选项C属中生段没提 potential risks相关容排
32 答案[A] a sustained species
解析题干问濒危物种名单(Red List)意味着类样根IUCNRed List容易定位第三段首段说十年前未持态度第二段出现转折表明目前未危机意识加重第三段次转折表示第二段中持态度错误类未会太生存危机段首句表明观点种信息证支持观点Red List显然说明观点指出类物种widely distributedadaptablecurrently increasing说类进化积极面A选项说：濒危物种名单意味着类持久生存物种显然正确选项
33 答案 [D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive
解析段落推断题题题干锁定题答案文章第五段 该段首句段落中心句思考眼前未相长时间跨度进行思考似更容易反思考说眼前未更难思考符合D选项含义眼前未难设想A选项Arc 帮助缩未学研究范围该选项文中出现该段句话什发行Arc样致力研究期未全新出版物题目含义出入排B选项技术社会问题提供解决方法段中未提C选项科幻说兴趣日俱增该段中第二句提科幻说家未提科幻说兴趣排正确答案D项Our immediate future is hard to conceive
34答案[C] draw onour experience from the past
解析段落细节题题题干锁定题答案倒数第二然段第二句As so often the past holds the key to thefuture 题考查句话理解 未掌握关键确定正确答案B选项A CD 题干关原文中直接体现纳出排
35答案[C] TheEverbright Prospects of Mankind
解析全文旨题考查考生全文题握通观全文发现作者未十分尤文章段句But we are now knowledgeable enough to reducemany of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans and toimprove the lot of those to come 作者直接助句话重申题题正确答案应包含未医学全线wwwmed126com应体现出作者未态度确定选项C正确答案选项A错中生全文中未体现出确定文讲类未法讲类进化史B错误D选项笼统未体现出作者乐观态度
Text 4
36答案 overstepped the authority offederal immigration law
解析事实细节题principles that federal lawsprecede state laws are noncontroversial are noncontroversial说明联邦法律高州法律争辩答案选项theyoverstepped the authority offederal immigration law(亚利桑州法案)逾越联邦法案文中句话反义改写Overstep 义换原文中intrude authority 义换privileged powers
属义置换
37答案States’ legitimate role in immigrationenforcement州政府移民[微博]法案实施中合法位
解析第四段说明州警察然核实移民法律位国会设想joint federalstate immigrationenforcement联合实施移民法案时encourages state officers to share information andcooperate with federal colleagues国会鼓励州警察联邦事分享信息相互合作选项withholdindependenceintervention文中没提属度推断
38答案(Stood infavor of the states)
解析第五段句：唯反法官Antonino Scalia 法官defense 支持州权利going back to追溯Alien and Sedition Acts证明法案支持州权利
39答案(outweightsthat held by the states)
联邦政府权利州实施权利
解析第六段The White House 认亚利桑州法律白宫法律实施权利突In effect面表达重点：果州法律突话白宫声明权利宣布州法律效
40答案(TheAdministration is dominant over immigration issues)
(政府移民问题占着导位)
解析段第句话联邦政府确实exclusively(专门)权利控制居民边界暗示移民问题政府局具导权利
Part B
41答案G (These issues all have root causes in human behavior)
解析题通文衔接代词指代确定答案空格前句谈种巨源全球问题影响素问题包括气候变化安全持续发展健康问题空谈类必农业技术工具消饥饿空格处应该填入选项连接前句容包括谈全球问题谈解决问题选项G项该项首句提these issues指代空前提全球问题该项第二句climate change举例说明空前列出问题该项提解决气候变化问题启示文
42答案C (Despite these factors)
解析题通连贯性原代词指代确定答案段末句提问题带社会素：食物组织分配财产财富空格谈种耻辱社会应该抓住机会提升真实世界中影响应社会科学家话语表明应该采取行动：段末句提问题空前谈存问题接应该解决问题空谈种耻辱然纠正应该解决问题空格处应该承启表达没解决问题含义C项存素社会科学家愿意解决问题正确选项该项中these factors指代段末句提社会素科学家愿意解决问题文提this
43答案B (However the numbers are still small)
解析题通原词复现逻辑关系确定答案空前句讲 the number of papers includinghave increased rapidly 紧接着选项B中出现the number属原词复现逻辑关系角度选项B明显转折词however说明表达含义空前信息相反该选项提the numbers are still small(数量非常)空前信息the number increased rapidly(数量增长非常迅速)两者语意构成明显转折关系正确答案B
44答案D (During the late 1990s)
解析题设段落中间通段落致性代词指代确定答案该段第句提：The problem is not necessarily the amount of availablefunding表达含义：事情问题资金数目接讲容定资金关系空出现代词this is an adequate amount含义：资金数目足够this指代容定adequate amount相关选项D题干nationalspending varied from 4 to 25表述容正资金总量选项D正确答案
45答案E (The idea is to force social to integrate)
解析题设空段落中间应瞻前顾连贯性原确定答案空前信息指欧盟提议取消前设定专门投资支持社会科学家专栏项目目忽略社会科学家完全相反文章中complete opposite根语意衔接接会说明欧盟做法真正目目社会科学家定积极选项E中the idea指代空前出现it was proposed that欧盟提案外空提collaborative endeavors选项E中短语integrate with构成义换空信息中global problems选项E中health and demographic change food security and secure societies构成义关系解题道线索正确答案选项E
Section III Translation
46 yet when onelooks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless it strikes onethat for all their diversity of styles these gardens speak of various otherfundamental urges beyond that of decoration and creative expression
参考译文然着家者绘制出花园图片时会突然想花园风格样显示类装饰创造性表达外种基诉求
47 A sacred placeof peace however crude it may be is a distinctly human need as opposed toshelter which is a distinctly animal need
参考译文方简陋堪寻求片静谧圣土类特需求动物需仅仅避难栖息
48 The gardens ofthe homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce form into an urbanenvironment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such
参考译文家者乐园实际毫家气息方城市环境带种新形式
家者描绘花园实质附花园种形式引入城市环境中样城市环境中形式根存 完全种明显方式存
49 most of usgive in to a demoralization of spirit which usually blame on some psychologicalconditions until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppressionvanish as if by magic
参考译文数会深陷精神萎靡状态常常咎心理原直某天发现置身花园中感魔法般烦闷消
50 It is thisimplicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of theword garden though in a liberated sense to describe these syntheticconstructions
参考译文正然种隐晦含蓄清晰直白提充分证实花园词描述虚拟建筑合情理毫拘泥意义讲
SectionIV Writing
51
参考范文
Dear Professor Wang
Iam writing on behalf of our college to invite you to be a judge for the Englishspeech contest which will be held next week
We know that you are admired by all the students As college studentswe would like to improve our abilities in spoken English as well as writtenEnglish We would be grateful if you could be the judge for this contest to beheld in Room 102 the Teaching Building on SaturdayJune 4th at 7pm
We trust you will be disengaged and able to give us the pleasure of yourcompany We are looking forward to seeing you
Yours sincerely
Li Ming
参考范文
Emerging from the cartoon is an eyecatching scene that a mass ofgraduates are at a critical turning point on the way to the future A varietyof choices such as finding a job going further education or abroad and doingpioneering work lie in front of them
The implication echoed by this cartoon can besummarized as a philosophic topic in our daily life：the success of a man is directly related to thechoice made by himself Nevertheless I cherish a belief that we can not tellwhether the selection is good or not and as long as we adhere to our decisionsuccess will be realized step by step Although making choice is essential tohelp determine the direction of our way judged from the personal aspect persistencefunctions as an indispensable driving force to keep up our spirit and to assistus to fulfill our study and work However some people pacing up and down are not industrious and tryto find a shortcut success In fact only those who are hardworking and braveenough to encounter obstacles of all sorts are most likely to reach the summitof success
It occurs to many that the most fundamental thing to success is making agood choice But I recommend that graduates as well as all the citizens shouldstruggle to make their choice be a reality
From the highly enlightening drawing given above we can see clearly that in the middle of the cartoon stand a multitude of graduates confronted with a great many choices to name only a few job hunting going abroad establishing a business taking part in the postgraduate examination What the cartoon is trying to inform us is quite conspicuous wise choice in our life is of utmost significance and benefiting us a great deal
The picture vividly delivers such a common social phenomenon that nowadays youngsters once graduating from universitieswill be faced with a variety of options for their future The first step usually comes with confusion and uncertainty which makes college students waste a lot of time wavering for their choices However as the old saying all roads lead to Rome people actually could master in every walk of life For example Mo Yan a wellknown Chinese writer has just won the first Nobel Prize for China After graduation his career covered a wide range and he has done jobs like soldier librarian civil servant etc Never does he give up the dream of being a writer and that is what he achieves at last Therefore as long as we put enough efforts and passion in our plans for the future every option could become the right path
Accordingly it is imperative for us to take some measures to help graduates keep a clear mind and make wise choices in the life journey It is deeplyrooted in our mind that only in this way can we realize their value of life better and can the unemployment of graduates be reduced and thus can social harmony be achieved
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Section Ⅰ Use of English
People are on the whole poor at considering background information when making individual decisions At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors But Dr Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decisionmakers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with 4 he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to probation on that day
To 8 this idea he turned to the universityadmissions process In theory the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11
He studied the results of 9323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissions officers The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant＇s score on the Graduate Management Admission Test or GMAT a standardised exam which is 16 out of 800 points to make a decision on whether to accept him or her
Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 075 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0075 points This might sound small but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20
1[A] grant [B] submits [C] transmits [D] delivers
2[A] minor [B]objective [C] crucial [D] external
3[A] issue [B] vision [C] picture [D] moment
4[A] For example [B] On average [C] In principle[D] Above all
5[A] fond [B]fearful [C] capable [D] thoughtless
6[A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for
7[A] if [B]until [C] though [D] unless
8[A] promote [B]emphasize [C] share [D] test
9[A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success
10[A] chosen [B]stupid [C]found [D] identified
11[A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise
12[A] inspired [B]expressed [C] conducted [D] secured
13[A] assigned [B]rated [C] matched [D] arranged
14[A] put [B]got [C]gave [D] took
15[A]instead [B]then [C] ever [D] rather
16[A]selected [B]passed [C] marked [D] introduced
17[A]before [B] after [C] above [D] below
18[A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate
19[A]achieve [B]undo [C] maintain [D]disregard
20 [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpful
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions：Read the following four texts Answer the questions after each text by choosing A B C or D Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (40 points)
Text 1
In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada Miranda Priestly played by Meryl Streep scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment
This topdown conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed Elizabeth Cline’s threeyear indictment of fast fashion In the last decades or so advances in technology have allowed massmarket labels such as Zara H&M and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely Quckier turnrounds mean less wasted inventory more frequent releases and more profit Those labels encourage styleconscious consumers to see clothes as disposal—— meant to last only a wash or two although they don’t advertise that——and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks By offering ontrend items at dirtcheap prices Cline argues these brands have hijacked fashion cycles shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace
The victims of this revolution of course are not limited to designers For H&M to offer a 595 knit miniskirt in all its 2300plus stores around the world it must rely on lowwage overseas labor order in volumes that strain natural resources and use massive amount of harmful chemicals
Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma Massproduced clothing like fast food fills a hunger and need yet is nondurable and wasteful Cline argues Americans she finds buy roughly 20 billion garments a year——about 64 items per person——and no matter how much they give away this excess leads to waste
Towards the end of Overdressed Cline introduced her ideal a Brooklyn woman named SKB who since 2008 has make all of her own clothes——and beautifully But as Cline is the first to note it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft her example can’t be knocked off
Though several fastfashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment——including H&M with its green Conscious Collection Line——Cline believes lastingchange can only be effected by the customer She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability be it in food or in energy Vanity is a constant people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford to it
21 Priestly criticizes her assistant for her
[A] poor bargaining skill [B] insensitivity to fashion
[C] obsession with high fashion [D]lack of imagination
22 According to Cline massmaket labels urge consumers to
[A] combat unnecessary waste [B] shut out the feverish fashion world
[C] resist the influence of advertisements [D] shop for their garments more frequently
23 The word indictment (Line 3 Para2) is closest in meaning to
[A] accusation [B] enthusiasm [C] indifference [D] tolerance
24 Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph
[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists [B] The fastfashion industry ignores sustainability
[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments [D] Pricing is vital to environmentfriendly purchasing
25 What is the subject of the text
[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle [B] Challenge to a highfashion myth
[C] Criticism of the fastfashion industry [D] Exposure of a massmarket secret
Text 2
An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wastedthe trouble is no one knows which half In the internet age at least in theory this fraction can be much reduced By watching what people search for click on and say online companies can aim behavioural ads at those most likely to buy
In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such finegrained information Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads Or should they have explicit permission
In December 2010 America＇s Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a do not track (DNT) option to internet browsers so that users could tell adwertisers that they did not want to be followed Microsoft＇s Internet Explorer and Apple＇s Safari both offer DNT Google＇s Chrome is due to do so this year In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests
On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row It said that Internet Explorer 10the version due to appear windows 8 would have DNT as a default
It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond Geting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking although some companies have promised to do so Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway
Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone Atter all it has an ad business too which it says will comply with DNT requests though it is still working out how If it is trying to upset Google which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google＇s on that count before Brendon Lynch Microsoft＇s chief privacy officer bloggdewe believe consumers should have more control Could it really be that simple
26 It is suggested in paragraph 1 that behavioural ads help advertisers to
[A] ease competition among themselves [B] lower their operational costs
[C] avoid complaints from consumers [D]provide better online services
27 The industry (Line 6Para3) refers to
[A] online advertisers [B] ecommerce conductors
[C] digital information analysis [D]internet browser developers
28 Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default
[A] many cut the number of junk ads [B] fails to affect the ad industry
[C] will not benefit consumers [D]goes against human nature
29 which of the following is ture according to Paragraph6
[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose [B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT
[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers [D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads
30 The author＇s attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of
[A] indulgence [B] understanding [C] appreciaction [D] skepticism
Text 3
Up until a few decades ago our visions of the future were largely though by no means uniformly glowingly positive Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all
Now utopia has grown unfashionable as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to
But such gloominess is misplaced The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years so why shouldn＇t we Take a broader look at our species＇ place in the universe and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens if not hundreds of thousands of years Look up Homo sapiens in the Red List of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) and you will read Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed adaptable currently increasing and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline
So what does our deep future hold A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question For example the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence
Perhaps willfully it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future The potential evolution of today＇s technology and its social consequences is dazzlingly complicated and it＇s perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage That＇s one reason why we have launched Arc a new publication dedicated to the near future
But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance As so often the past holds the key to the future we have now identified enough of the longterm patterns shaping the history of the planet and our species to make evidencebased forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves
This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad To be sure the future is not all rosy But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans and to improve the lot of those to come
31 Our vision of the future used to be inspired by
[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment [B] our faith in science and technology
[C] our awareness of potential risks [D] our belief in equal opportunity
32 The IUCN’s Red List suggest that human being are
[A] a sustained species [B] a threaten to the environment
[C] the world’s dominant power [D] a misplaced race
33 Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5
[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies [B] Technology offers solutions to social problem
[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise [D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive
34 To ensure the future of mankind it is crucial to
[A] explore our planet’s abundant resources [B] adopt an optimistic view of the world
[C] draw on our experience from the past [D] curb our ambition to reshape history
35 Which of the following would be the best title for the text
[A] Uncertainty about Our Future [B] Evolution of the Human Species
[C] The Everbright Prospects of Mankind [D] Science Technology and Humanity
Text 4
On a five to three vote the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Mondaya modest policy victory for the Obama Administration But on the more important matter of the Constitutionthe decision was an 80 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states
In Arizona v United States the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones
Justice Anthony Kennedy joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately occupied the field and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers
Howeverthe Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcementThat’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federalstate immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues
Two of the three objecting JusticeSamuel Alito and Clarence Thomasagreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statuteThe only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scaliawho offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts
The 80 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as a shocking assertion assertion of federal executive powerThe White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement prioritieseven if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letterIn effect the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with
Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government and control of citizenship and the borders is among them But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status it could It never did so The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes no state should be allowed to do so either Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim
36 Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they
[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers [B] disturbed the power balance between different states
[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law [D] contradicted both the federal and state policies
37 On which of the following did the Justices agreeaccording to Paragraph4
[A] Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’information[B] States’ independence from federal immigration law
[C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement [D] Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement
38 It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts
[A] violated the Constitution [B] undermined the states’ interests
[C] supported the federal statute [D] stood in favor of the states
39 The White House claims that its power of enforcement
[A] outweighs that held by the states [B] is dependent on the states’ support
[C] is established by federal statutes [D] rarely goes against state laws
40 What can be learned from the last paragraph
[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress
[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administrstion
[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress
[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues
Part B
Directions
In the following article some sentences have been removed For Questions 4145 choose the most suitable one from the list AG to fit into each of the numbered blank There are two extra choices which do not fit in any of the gaps Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (10 points)
The social sciences are flourishingAs of 2005there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world working both inside and outside academia According to the World Social Science Report 2010the number of socialscience students worldwide has swollen by about 11 every year since 2000
Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including climate change securitysustainable development and health(41)______Humanity has the necessary agrotechnological tools to eradicate hunger from genetically engineered crops to arificial fertilizers Here too the problems are social the organization and distribution of food wealth and prosperity
(42)____This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeterthere is no radical innovation without creative destruction
Today the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debatesrather than on topics with external impact
Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords environmental changed or climate change have increased rapidly since 2004(43)____
When social scientists do tackle practical issues their scope is often localBelgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful
The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)____this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate
The trick is to direct these funds betterThe European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientistsThis yearit was proposed that system be changedHorizon 2020a new program to be enacted in 2014would not have such a category This has resulted in protests from social scientistsBut the intention is not to neglect social science rather the complete opposite(45)____That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems
[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientistsone that is disciplineoriented and publishing in highly specialized journalsand one that is problemoriented and publishing elsewheresuch as policy briefs
[B] Howeverthe numbers are still smallin 2010about 1600 of the 100000 socialsciences papers published globally included one of these Keywords
[C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories including health and demographic change food security marine research and the bioeconomy clear efficient energy and inclusive innovative and secure societies
[D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community and what it considers to be its main goal Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists especially the young ones
[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior all require behavioral change and social innovations as well as technological development Stemming climate change for example is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy
[F] Despite these factors many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems And in Europe some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for socialscience research and to integrate it within crosscutting topics of sustainable development
[G] During the late 1990s national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development fundsincluding government higher education nonprofit and corporate varied from around 4 to 25 in most European nations it is about 15
Part B (10 points)
Section III Translation
46 Directions Translate the following text from English to Chinese Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2 (10 points)
Directions
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2 (10 points)
It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them the need for creative expression There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create express fashion and beautify and that selfexpression is a basic human urge (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless it strikes one that for all their diversity of styles these gardens speak os various other fundamental urges beyond that of decoration and creative expression
One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence a still point of the turning world to borrow a phrase from T S Eliot (47)A sacred place of peace however crude it may be is a distinctly human need as opposed to shelter which is a distinctly animal need This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking as it is for these unlikely gardens the foemer becomes all the more urgent Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand
Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us When we are deprived of green of plants of trees (49)most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials an institution of colors small pool of water and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference at some basic level seems to be the natural world (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a liberated sense to describe these synthetic constructions In them we can see biophilia a yearning for contact with nonhuman lifeassuming uncanny representational forms
Section III Writing
Party A
51 Directions
Write an email of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college inviting himher to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest
You should include the details you think necessary
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET
Do not sign your own name at the end of the email Use Li Ming instead
Do not write the address (10 points)
Part B (20 points)
Part B
52 Directions
Write an essay of about 160 – 200 words based on the following drawing In your essay you should
(1) describe the drawing briefly
(2) interpret its intended meaning and
(3) give your comments
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET (20 points)
2013年考研英语真题答案解析
1答案A
解析第句提总体言做决定时擅长考虑背景 信息第二句接文乍种优势that引起定语句种优势具种力够做出受外界素影响带偏见决定B选项submit 服提交ability连C选项transmit 传输发射ability 搭配D选项deliver 传递样ability搭配A C D搭配意思合适A选项grant身具赋予授予意思答案选A
2答案D
解析external外部素文backgroundinformation义复现考虑背景信息受外界素影响A选项minor 次B选项objective 客观C选项crucial 残酷D选项external 外部答案选D
3答案C
解析第三题句but引起句意转折XX推测考虑局会导致决策者日常接触信息影响带偏见首先注意空前面定冠词the医学全线wwwmed126com指代文信息考虑背景信息考虑环境局环境表达处选择picture贴切A选项 issue 问题B选项vision 想象力美景合适答案选C
4答案A
解析通读面句子提法官告明显生活中具体实例答案选AB选项 on average 均通常出现话周围应该出现数字C选项in principle体原面需出现总结性话语D选项above all首先 列举条目ABD排
5答案B
解析句意例提出理认法官敢罪行面前表现太软弱果天已宣判五六名告执行缓刑送入监狱A选项fond of 喜欢B选项 fear of 惧怕C选项capable of 力D选项thoughtless of 考虑周答案选B
6答案B
解析根句逻辑关系犯罪行方面害怕表现出太软弱方面关表达应该介词on答案B
7答案A
解析A if 表条件B选项 until 表时间not连直接排C选项though表步D选项unless 相 ifnot 通读空格前句子出两句间逻辑关系表示条件
8答案D
解析首先注意idea前面定冠词this明显指代文提出观点文法官例样文注意力转学录取程文观点例证目文观点进行检验A选项促进B选项强调C选项分享答案选D
9答案D
解析A选项decision决定B 选项quality质量品质C选项status位D选项success成功申请者____应该取决天机选名申请者接着文讲面试官面试MBA[微博]申请者结果results第9题应该结果意思文结合达正面结果答案申请者成功选项带入原文重叠答案原义符合
10答案A
解析空格面副词randomly机然机选项B选项studied研究C选项found 找 D选项identified鉴定randomly相矛盾全部排
11答案D
解析题解题关键but通suspect出Dr Simonsohn前文意思相反otherwise正符合题意
12答案C
解析外明显缺分词作interviews定语by面officersconducted(执行)符合语境正确答案
13答案B
解析题末尾one to five(五)前面on a scale(…范围) A分配D排列语义说通综合面factor(素)B(划分等级)整合起划分成五等级合情合理C match似to搭配符合文意正确答案B
14答案D
解析题需联系整句话take…into consideration(考虑涉)形式说没问题意义说等级考虑种素…文评级进步解释没问题
15答案B
解析承接文讲评级分半句讲(时学校等级)考试分结合中间conjunction词(联接)推断then(具承接意)正确答案AD意义法(代)conjunction相突C说通错误选项
16答案C
解析题出非限定性定语句先行词a standardized exam 半句800分考试分数间首选marked选项B通 具定干扰性注意语考试正确选项CA关选项
17答案A
解析句属较级面试者分数CD空间里缺时间先排CDB符合语言先逻辑正确答案A
18答案C
解析解题需to…the effects of such adecrease 判断接应聘者分数出现降直击正确选项C
19答案B
解析该句定式作语(面试考官)更低分数带影响推断消抵消种利结果应聘者需GMAT[微博]中30分A 达C 保持D漠视明显符A消正确答案
20答案C
解析该题难度较需句意弄懂30分…建议四选项分代入空格处A前途BC必须D帮助C合逻辑说30分原该考试必须求出外需30分衡前面更低分数C正确选项
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Text 1
21答案B (insensitivity to fashion)
解析事实细节题根题干首先定位首段文章第句半句…scoldsher unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her意思：……批评没魅力助理助理认高级时尚生活影响知criticizescolds义换B项中insensitivity to fashionimagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her义换B项正确答案
A项文中未提属中生C项D项文章第句曲解
22答案D (shop for their garments more frequently)
解析事实细节题根题干首先定位第二段倒数第二句these labels encouragestyleconscious consumers to see clothes as disposable …… and to renew their wardrobeevery few weeks意思商标(畅销商标)促时尚意识消费者服装成完丢弃……周更新衣橱D选项 shop for their garments morefrequently意思医学全线wwwmed126com更加频繁购买服装正renew their wardrobe every few weeks义换
ABC项均属中生项
23答案A (accusation)
解析词义题题干中需猜测词义单词出现第二段第句……thefeverish world described in OverdressedElizabeth Cline’s threeyear indictment of fast fashion’结合选项知indictmentElizabethCline快时尚种态度解答题关键联系文语境找Elizabeth Cline快时尚态度第二段句By offering ontrend items at dirtcheap prices Cline argues thesebrands have hijacked fashion cycles shaking an industry long accustomed to aseasonal pace意思Cline说通特低价格销售潮流物品品牌破坏潮流周期动摇长久惯季节周期产业hijackshaking知Cline快时尚应该持否定态度选项Aaccusation (谴责)正确选项
24答案D (pricing is vital to environmentalfriendlypurchasing)
解析推理判断题根题干定位段解题关键Vanity is a constant peoplewill only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to意思虚荣常见消费者付起太东西时候会更加持续方式购物句关键词affordshopmore sustainably应D项中pricingenvironmentalfriendly purchasingA项段曲解B项说忽视环境持续发展文中severalfastfashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and theenvironment…(时尚服饰公司已做出努力减少劳动力环境)意思相悖C项文中未提
25答案C (criticism of thefastfashion industry)
解析旨意题题考查全文旨意准确纳整文章脉络文章第段事例引入第二段讲文章题快时尚指出破坏时尚周期动摇时尚产业第三四段指出快时尚种变革弊端：然资源造成压力量害化学物质浪费现象两段提针快时尚良影响采取解决办法知C项统领全文正确答案
A BD项文章述中心题
Text 2
26答案C (lower their operational costs)
解析事实细节题根题干首先定位首段段意广告费半浪费掉通behavioralads追踪购买者搜索惯评价广告更针性降低预算成this fraction can be much reduced ABC选项文中未提属中生
27答案D (internet browser developers)
解析词义句意题the industry语篇中指代前面出现容前面出现Microsoft Internet ExplorerApple’s Safair Google’s ChromeD选项中中Internet browser developers BC选项文中未提属中生A选项非段中谈核心
28答案A (will not benefit consumers)
解析推理判断题解题关键… consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect informationabout their preferences说浏览器开发者收集消费者网购物倾时消费中受益BCD选项文中未提属中生
29答案B (DNT may not serve its intended purpose)
解析推理判断题根题干定位第六段解题关键理解段行文逻辑unableto tell whether…or whether some may ignore…说辨体真正反行广告辨支持微软做法甚忽视DNT继续先前做法见B项符合题意ACD选项容段中均没提
30答案C (skepticism)
解析观点态度题根题干定位文章段倒数第二句Brendon Lynch博客中评道：认消费者应该更权(掌控权)解题关键句Could it be really that simple中明显出作者怀疑态度A项理解B项赞成D选项容意思
Text 3
31答案[B] our faith in science and technology
解析事实细节题根出题序性原回文定位文章第段该段落计两句话第句总体交代未畅想总体积极正面(were largely positive)题正确答案隐含第二句话中第二句子实际紧接着第句话交代积极畅想原科学技术治愈类切疾病确定题正确答案B选项AD错果倒置 lives of fulfillment
opportunity for all科学技术带结果非原选项C属中生段没提 potential risks相关容排
32 答案[A] a sustained species
解析题干问濒危物种名单(Red List)意味着类样根IUCNRed List容易定位第三段首段说十年前未持态度第二段出现转折表明目前未危机意识加重第三段次转折表示第二段中持态度错误类未会太生存危机段首句表明观点种信息证支持观点Red List显然说明观点指出类物种widely distributedadaptablecurrently increasing说类进化积极面A选项说：濒危物种名单意味着类持久生存物种显然正确选项
33 答案 [D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive
解析段落推断题题题干锁定题答案文章第五段 该段首句段落中心句思考眼前未相长时间跨度进行思考似更容易反思考说眼前未更难思考符合D选项含义眼前未难设想A选项Arc 帮助缩未学研究范围该选项文中出现该段句话什发行Arc样致力研究期未全新出版物题目含义出入排B选项技术社会问题提供解决方法段中未提C选项科幻说兴趣日俱增该段中第二句提科幻说家未提科幻说兴趣排正确答案D项Our immediate future is hard to conceive
34答案[C] draw onour experience from the past
解析段落细节题题题干锁定题答案倒数第二然段第二句As so often the past holds the key to thefuture 题考查句话理解 未掌握关键确定正确答案B选项A CD 题干关原文中直接体现纳出排
35答案[C] TheEverbright Prospects of Mankind
解析全文旨题考查考生全文题握通观全文发现作者未十分尤文章段句But we are now knowledgeable enough to reducemany of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans and toimprove the lot of those to come 作者直接助句话重申题题正确答案应包含未医学全线wwwmed126com应体现出作者未态度确定选项C正确答案选项A错中生全文中未体现出确定文讲类未法讲类进化史B错误D选项笼统未体现出作者乐观态度
Text 4
36答案 overstepped the authority offederal immigration law
解析事实细节题principles that federal lawsprecede state laws are noncontroversial are noncontroversial说明联邦法律高州法律争辩答案选项theyoverstepped the authority offederal immigration law(亚利桑州法案)逾越联邦法案文中句话反义改写Overstep 义换原文中intrude authority 义换privileged powers
属义置换
37答案States’ legitimate role in immigrationenforcement州政府移民[微博]法案实施中合法位
解析第四段说明州警察然核实移民法律位国会设想joint federalstate immigrationenforcement联合实施移民法案时encourages state officers to share information andcooperate with federal colleagues国会鼓励州警察联邦事分享信息相互合作选项withholdindependenceintervention文中没提属度推断
38答案(Stood infavor of the states)
解析第五段句：唯反法官Antonino Scalia 法官defense 支持州权利going back to追溯Alien and Sedition Acts证明法案支持州权利
39答案(outweightsthat held by the states)
联邦政府权利州实施权利
解析第六段The White House 认亚利桑州法律白宫法律实施权利突In effect面表达重点：果州法律突话白宫声明权利宣布州法律效
40答案(TheAdministration is dominant over immigration issues)
(政府移民问题占着导位)
解析段第句话联邦政府确实exclusively(专门)权利控制居民边界暗示移民问题政府局具导权利
Part B
41答案G (These issues all have root causes in human behavior)
解析题通文衔接代词指代确定答案空格前句谈种巨源全球问题影响素问题包括气候变化安全持续发展健康问题空谈类必农业技术工具消饥饿空格处应该填入选项连接前句容包括谈全球问题谈解决问题选项G项该项首句提these issues指代空前提全球问题该项第二句climate change举例说明空前列出问题该项提解决气候变化问题启示文
42答案C (Despite these factors)
解析题通连贯性原代词指代确定答案段末句提问题带社会素：食物组织分配财产财富空格谈种耻辱社会应该抓住机会提升真实世界中影响应社会科学家话语表明应该采取行动：段末句提问题空前谈存问题接应该解决问题空谈种耻辱然纠正应该解决问题空格处应该承启表达没解决问题含义C项存素社会科学家愿意解决问题正确选项该项中these factors指代段末句提社会素科学家愿意解决问题文提this
43答案B (However the numbers are still small)
解析题通原词复现逻辑关系确定答案空前句讲 the number of papers includinghave increased rapidly 紧接着选项B中出现the number属原词复现逻辑关系角度选项B明显转折词however说明表达含义空前信息相反该选项提the numbers are still small(数量非常)空前信息the number increased rapidly(数量增长非常迅速)两者语意构成明显转折关系正确答案B
44答案D (During the late 1990s)
解析题设段落中间通段落致性代词指代确定答案该段第句提：The problem is not necessarily the amount of availablefunding表达含义：事情问题资金数目接讲容定资金关系空出现代词this is an adequate amount含义：资金数目足够this指代容定adequate amount相关选项D题干nationalspending varied from 4 to 25表述容正资金总量选项D正确答案
45答案E (The idea is to force social to integrate)
解析题设空段落中间应瞻前顾连贯性原确定答案空前信息指欧盟提议取消前设定专门投资支持社会科学家专栏项目目忽略社会科学家完全相反文章中complete opposite根语意衔接接会说明欧盟做法真正目目社会科学家定积极选项E中the idea指代空前出现it was proposed that欧盟提案外空提collaborative endeavors选项E中短语integrate with构成义换空信息中global problems选项E中health and demographic change food security and secure societies构成义关系解题道线索正确答案选项E
Section III Translation
46 yet when onelooks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless it strikes onethat for all their diversity of styles these gardens speak of various otherfundamental urges beyond that of decoration and creative expression
参考译文然着家者绘制出花园图片时会突然想花园风格样显示类装饰创造性表达外种基诉求
47 A sacred placeof peace however crude it may be is a distinctly human need as opposed toshelter which is a distinctly animal need
参考译文方简陋堪寻求片静谧圣土类特需求动物需仅仅避难栖息
48 The gardens ofthe homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce form into an urbanenvironment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such
参考译文家者乐园实际毫家气息方城市环境带种新形式
家者描绘花园实质附花园种形式引入城市环境中样城市环境中形式根存 完全种明显方式存
49 most of usgive in to a demoralization of spirit which usually blame on some psychologicalconditions until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppressionvanish as if by magic
参考译文数会深陷精神萎靡状态常常咎心理原直某天发现置身花园中感魔法般烦闷消
50 It is thisimplicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of theword garden though in a liberated sense to describe these syntheticconstructions
参考译文正然种隐晦含蓄清晰直白提充分证实花园词描述虚拟建筑合情理毫拘泥意义讲
SectionIV Writing
51
参考范文
Dear Professor Wang
Iam writing on behalf of our college to invite you to be a judge for the Englishspeech contest which will be held next week
We know that you are admired by all the students As college studentswe would like to improve our abilities in spoken English as well as writtenEnglish We would be grateful if you could be the judge for this contest to beheld in Room 102 the Teaching Building on SaturdayJune 4th at 7pm
We trust you will be disengaged and able to give us the pleasure of yourcompany We are looking forward to seeing you
Yours sincerely
Li Ming
参考范文
Emerging from the cartoon is an eyecatching scene that a mass ofgraduates are at a critical turning point on the way to the future A varietyof choices such as finding a job going further education or abroad and doingpioneering work lie in front of them
The implication echoed by this cartoon can besummarized as a philosophic topic in our daily life：the success of a man is directly related to thechoice made by himself Nevertheless I cherish a belief that we can not tellwhether the selection is good or not and as long as we adhere to our decisionsuccess will be realized step by step Although making choice is essential tohelp determine the direction of our way judged from the personal aspect persistencefunctions as an indispensable driving force to keep up our spirit and to assistus to fulfill our study and work However some people pacing up and down are not industrious and tryto find a shortcut success In fact only those who are hardworking and braveenough to encounter obstacles of all sorts are most likely to reach the summitof success
It occurs to many that the most fundamental thing to success is making agood choice But I recommend that graduates as well as all the citizens shouldstruggle to make their choice be a reality
From the highly enlightening drawing given above we can see clearly that in the middle of the cartoon stand a multitude of graduates confronted with a great many choices to name only a few job hunting going abroad establishing a business taking part in the postgraduate examination What the cartoon is trying to inform us is quite conspicuous wise choice in our life is of utmost significance and benefiting us a great deal
The picture vividly delivers such a common social phenomenon that nowadays youngsters once graduating from universitieswill be faced with a variety of options for their future The first step usually comes with confusion and uncertainty which makes college students waste a lot of time wavering for their choices However as the old saying all roads lead to Rome people actually could master in every walk of life For example Mo Yan a wellknown Chinese writer has just won the first Nobel Prize for China After graduation his career covered a wide range and he has done jobs like soldier librarian civil servant etc Never does he give up the dream of being a writer and that is what he achieves at last Therefore as long as we put enough efforts and passion in our plans for the future every option could become the right path
Accordingly it is imperative for us to take some measures to help graduates keep a clear mind and make wise choices in the life journey It is deeplyrooted in our mind that only in this way can we realize their value of life better and can the unemployment of graduates be reduced and thus can social harmony be achieved
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