考研英语二真题2015年
Directions
Read the following text Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark ABC or D on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)
In our contemporary culture the prospect of communicating with—or even looking at—a stranger is virtually unbearable Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones even without a 1 on a subway
It’s a sad reality—our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings—because there’s 2 to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you But you wouldn’t know it 3 into your phone This universal protection sends the 4 Please don’t approach me
What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens
One answer is fear according to Jon Wortmann executive mental coach We fear rejectionor that our innocent social advances will be 6 as weird We fear we’ll be 7 We fear we’ll be disruptive
Strangers are inherently 8 to usso we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances To avoid this uneasiness we 10 to our phones Phones become our security blanket Wortmann says They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11
But once we rip off the bandaidtuck our smartphones in our pockets and look upit doesn’t 12 so bad In one 2011 experimentbehavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable Start a 13 They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14 When Dr Epley and Ms Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own The New York Times summarizes Though the participants didn’t expect a positive experience after they 17 with the experiment not a single person reported having been embarrassed
18 these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those without communication which makes absolute sense 19 human beings thrive off of social connections It’s that 20 Talking to strangers can make you feel connected
1 A ticket B permit Csignal D record
2 A nothing B little Canother D much
3 A beaten B guided Cplugged D brought
4 A message B code Cnotice D sign
5 A under B beyond C behind D from
6 A misinterpreted B misapplied C misadjusted D mismatched
7 A fired B judged C replaced D delayed
8 A unreasonable B ungrateful C unconventional D unfamiliar
9 A comfortable B anxious C confident D angry
10 A attend B point C take D turn
11 A dangerous B mysterious C violent D boring
12 A hurt B resist C bend D decay
13 A lecture B conversation C debate D negotiation
14 A trainees B employees C researchers D passengers
15 A reveal B choose C predict D design
16 A voyage B flight C walk D ride
17 A went through B did away C caught up D put up
18 A In turn B In particular CIn fact D In consequence
19 A unless B since C if D whereas
20 A funny B simple C logical D rare
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions
Read the following four texts Answer the questions below each text by chosing A B C or D Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (40 points)
Text 1
A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys people are actually more stressed at home than at work Researchers measured people’s cortisol which is a stress marker while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge
Further contradicting conventional wisdom we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home writes one of the researchers Sarah Damaske In fact women say they feel better at work She notes It is men not women who report being happier at home than at work Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children and without but more so for nonparents This is why people who work outside the home have better health
What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’ re at home whether it is household work or work brought home from the office For many men the end of the workday is a time to kick back For women who stay home they never get to leave the office And for women who work outside the home they often are playing catchupwithhousehold tasks With the blurring of roles and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home
But it’s not just a gender thing At work people pretty much know what they’re supposed to be doing working making money doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income The bargain is very pure Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out lifesustaining moola
On the home front however people have no such clarity Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out There are a lot of tasks to be done there are inadequate rewards for most of them Your home colleagues—your family—have no clear rewards for their labor they need to be talked into it or if they’re teenagers threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices Plus they’re your family You cannot fire your family You never really get to go home from home
So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home Not only are the tasks apparently infinite the coworkers are much harder to motivate
21 According to Paragraph 1 most previous surveys found that home____
A was an unrealistic place for relaxation B generated more stress than the workplace
C was an ideal place for stress measurement Doffered greater relaxation than the workplace
22 According to Damaske who are likely to be the happiest at home
A Working mothers B Childless husbands
C Childless wives D Working fathers
23 The blurring of working women’s roles refers to the fact that____
A they are both bread winners and housewives
B their home is also a place for kicking back
C there is often much housework left behind
D it is difficult for them to leave their office
24 The word moola (Line 4 Para 4) most probably means____
A energy B skills C earnings D nutrition
25 The home front differs from the workplace in that____
A home is hardly a cozier working environment
B division of labor at home is seldom clearcut
C household tasks are generally more motivating
D family labor is often adequately rewarded
Text 2
For years studies have found that firstgeneration college students—those who do not have a parent with a college degree—lag other students on a range of education achievement factors Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them This has created a paradox in that recruiting firstgeneration students but then watching many of them fail means that higher education has continued to reproduce and widen rather than close an achievement gap based on social class according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science
But the article is actually quite optimistic as it outlines a potential solution to this problem suggesting that an approach (which involves a onehour nexttonocost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between firstgeneration and other students
The authors of the paper are from different universities and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students (who completed the project) at an unnamed private university First generation was defined as not having a parent with a fouryear college degree Most of the firstgeneration students (591 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need while this was true only for 86 percent of the students with at least one parent with a fouryear degree
Their thesis—that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact—was based on the view that firstgeneration students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap
Many firstgeneration students struggle to navigate the middleclass culture of higher educationlearn the rules of the game’ and take advantage of college resources they write And this becomes more of a problem when colleges don’t talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students’ educational experience many firstgeneration students lack insight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students like them’ can improve
26 Recruiting more firstgeneration students has____
A reduced their dropout rates B narrowed the achievement gap
C missed its original purpose D depressed college students
27 The authors of the research article are optimistic because____
A the problem is solvable B their approach is costless
C the recruiting rate has increased D their finding appeal to students
28 The study suggests that most firstgeneration students____
A study at private universities B are from singleparent families
C are in need of financial support D have failed their college
29 The authors of the paper believe that firstgeneration students____
A are actually indifferent to the achievement gap
B can have a potential influence on other students
C may lack opportunities to apply for research projects
D are inexperienced in handling their issues at college
30 We may infer from the last paragraph that____
A universities often reject the culture of the middleclass
B students are usually to blame for their lack of resources
C social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences
D colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question
Text 3
Even in traditional offices the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more rightbrained than it was 20 years ago said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn She started spinning off examples If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990 we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey mission passion There were goalsthere were strategies there were objectives but we didn’t talk about energy we didn’t talk about passion
Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very teamoriented—and not by coincidence Let’s not forget sports—in maledominated corporate America it’s still a big deal It’s not explicitly conscious it’s the idea that I’m a coach and you’re my team and we’re in this together There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win
These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning—and as Khurana points outincrease allegiance to the firm You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with nonprofit organizations and religious organizations：Terms like vision values passion and purpose said Khurana
This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over worklife balance The mommy wars of the 1990s are still going on today prompting arguments about why women still can’t have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg’s Lean Inwhose title has become a buzzword in its own right Terms like unplug offline lifehackbandwidth and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home But if your work is your passion you’ll be more likely to devote yourself to it even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed
But this seems to be the irony of office speak Everyone makes fun of it but managers love it companies depend on it and regular people willingly absorb it As Nunberg said You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it In a workplace that’s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work—and how your work defines who you are
31 According to Nancy Koehn office language has become____
A more emotional B more objective C less strategic D less energetic
32 teamoriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to____
A historical incidents B gender difference C sports culture D athletic executives
33 Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to____
A revive historical terms B promote company image
C foster corporate cooperation D strengthen employee loyalty
34 It can be inferred that Lean In____
A voices for working women B appeals to passionate workaholics
C triggers debates among mommies D praises motivated employees
35 Which of the following statements is true about office speak
A Managers admire it but avoid it
B Linguists believe it to be nonsense
C Companies find it to be fundamental
D Regular people mock it but accept it
Text 4
Many people talked of the 288000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for Jure along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 61 percent as good news And they were right For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace
However there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working parttime This figure is now 830000 (44 percent) above its year ago level
Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare it is worth making an important distinction Many people who work parttime jobs actually want fulltime jobs They take parttime work because this is all they can get An increase in involuntary parttime work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet
There was an increase in involuntary parttime in June but the general direction has been down Involuntary parttime employment is still far higher than before the recession but it is down by 640000 (79 percent) from its year ago level
We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary parttime employment because people tell us The survey used by the Labor Department asks people if they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week If the answer is yes they are classified as working parttime The survey then asks whether they worked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice They are only classified as voluntary parttime workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week
The issue of voluntary parttime relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment For many people especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance
However Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a fulltime job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance
36 Which part of the jobs picture was neglected
A The prospect of a thriving job market B The increase of voluntary parttime jobs
C The possibility of full employment D The acceleration of job creation
37 Many people work parttime because they____
A prefer parttime jobs to fulltime jobs B feel that is enough to make ends meet
C cannot get their hands on fulltime jobs D haven’ t seen the weakness of the market
38 Involuntary parttime employment in the US____
A is harder to acquire than one year ago B shows a general tendency of decline
C satisfies the real need of the jobless D is lower than before the recession
39 It can be learned that with Obamacare ____
A it is no longer easy for parttimers to get insurance
B employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance
C it is still challenging to get insurance for family members
D fulltime employment is still essential for insurance
40 The text mainly discusses ____
A employment in the US B parttimer classification
C insurance through Medicaid D Obamacare’s trouble
Part B
Directions
Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A—G for each numbered paragraph (41—45) There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)
A You are not alone
B Don’t fear your responsibility for your life
C pave your own unique path
D Most of your fears are unreal
E Think about the present moment
F Experience helps you grow
G There are many things to be grateful for
Some Old Truths to Help You Overcome Tough Times
Unfortunately life is not a bed of roses We are going through life facing sad experiences Moreover we are grieving various kinds of loss a friendship a romantic relationship or a house Hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like the most inopportune time but you should remember that they won’t last forever
When our time of mourning is over we press forward stronger with a greater understanding and respect for life Furthermore these losses make us mature and eventually move us toward future opportunities for growth and happiness I want to share these old truths I’ve learned along the way
41____________________________________
Fear is both useful and harmful This normal human reaction is used to protect us by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it Unfortunately people create inner barriers with a help of exaggerating fears My favorite actor Will Smith once said Fear is not real It is a product of thoughts you create Do not misunderstand me Danger is very real But fear is a choice I do completely agree that fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination
42 ____________________________________
If you are surrounded by problems and cannot stop thinking about the past try to focus on the present moment Many of us are weighed down by the past or anxious about the future You may feel guilt over your past but you are poisoning the present with the things and circumstances you cannot change Value the present moment and remember how fortunate you are to be alive Enjoy the beauty of the world around and keep the eyes open to see the possibilities before you Happiness is not a point of future and not a moment from the past but a mindset that can be designed into the present
43 ____________________________________
Sometimes it is easy to feel bad because you are going through tough times You can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of crying and complaining about something
44 ____________________________________
No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is you should always remember that you are not alone Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life especially your dearest and nearest people You may have a circle of friends who provide constant good humor help and companionship If you have no friends or relatives try to participate in several online communities full of people who are always willing to share advice and encouragement
45 ____________________________________
Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining objectivity from external sources This way you devalue your opinion and show that you are incapable of managing your own life When you are struggling to achieve something important you should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best You live in your skin think your own thoughts have your own values and make your own choices
Section III Translation
46Directions
Translate the following text into Chinese Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET (15 points)
Think about driving a route that’s very familiar It could be your commute to work a trip into town or the way home Whichever it is you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand On these sorts of trips it’s easy to lose concentration on the driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has
This is the welltravelled road effect People tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route
The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention When we travel down a wellknown route because we don’t have to concentrate much time seems to flow more quickly And afterwards when we come to think back on it we can’t remember the journey well because we didn’t pay much attention to it So we assume it was shorter
Section IV Writing
Part A
47 Directions
Suppose your university is going to host a summer camp for high school students Write a notice to
1) briefly introduce the camp activities and
2) call for volunteers
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET
Do not use your name or the name of your university
Do not write your address(10 points)
Part B
48Directions
Write an essay based on the following chart In your writing your should
1) interpret the chart and
2) give your comment
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET
2015年考研英语(二)真题答案
Section I Use of English
1 signal 2 much 3 plugged 4 message 5 behind
6 misinterpreted 7judged 8unfamiliar 9 anxious 10 turn
11 dangerous 12 hurt 13conversation 14 passengers 15 predict
16 ride 17 went through 18 In fact 19 since 20 simple
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Text 1
21D offered greater relaxation than the workplace
22B childless husbands
23A they are both bread winners and housewives
24C earnings
25B division of labor at home is seldom clearcut
Text 2
26C missed its original purpose
27A the problem is solvable
28C are in need of financial support
29D are inexperienced in handling issues at college
30D colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question
Text 3
31A more emotional
32C sports culture
33D strengthen employee loyalty
34A voices for working women
35C companies find it to be fundamental
Text 4
36B the increase of voluntary parttime jobs
37C cannot get their hands on fulltime jobs
38B shows a general tendency of decline
39B employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance
40A employment in the US
Part B
41D Most of your fears are unreal
42E Think about the present moment
43G There are many things to be grateful for
44A you are not alone
45C Pave your own unique path
Section III Translation
条非常熟悉路驾驶感觉发生班进城回家路会熟悉路迂回曲折类旅行中容易会分散注意力太关注路边风景结果误旅途实际时间少
美妙旅程产生效果：会低估熟悉旅程中掉时间
分散注意力方式会导致种结果知名路途中行驶时必集中精力时间似飞快回想整程时没特留神会变印象模糊时似会觉段旅程会更短
Part A范文：
Notice
A summer camp which aims to renew high school students’ perception of college and make them prepared for the near future will be held on July 21st by our university Volunteers are needed to provide services for the participants Listed below are the details about the camp activities and the qualifications of the volunteers to be recruited
First of all as the main activity of the summer camp is to share the experience of learning different subjects those with strong learning abilities are especially welcomed Secondly there will be some interesting contests to stimulate the mind as well as forge better relationships such as an English speech contest thus candidates must have a good command of English Furthermore those who have good communication skills and relevant experience are preferred
If you are interested please fill in the application form and send it to Students’ Union@163com
Students’ Union
PartB范文：
Isn’t it exciting that the Spring Festival is just around the corner Well sort of But when it comes to the consumption during the happy holiday you may be just as surprised as I am As the pie chart above clearly demonstrates people in a Chinese city spend 40 of their expenditure on New Year presents 20 on traffic 20 on parties and diners and 20 on others
What the chart intends to reveal undoubtedly is that we overspend on gifts which may result from the following factors Above all it’s a Chinese tradition that we exchange gifts for good wishes and closer relationships so many people are willing to send their best regards with much more expensive presents Moreover with the development of the economy people are much wealthier than before which enables them to buy fancy gifts for their beloved ones In addition there are some people who take giving presents as a great opportunity to show others their achievements or social status which leads to comparison and thus increases the consumption of New Year gifts
Exchanging presents with each other during the Spring Festival from my perspective is a fine tradition we should carry on However it is advisable that we should focus on the true meaning of gifts rather than their prices or forms
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Directions
Read the following text Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark ABC or D on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)
In our contemporary culture the prospect of communicating with—or even looking at—a stranger is virtually unbearable Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones even without a 1 on a subway
It’s a sad reality—our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings—because there’s 2 to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you But you wouldn’t know it 3 into your phone This universal protection sends the 4 Please don’t approach me
What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens
One answer is fear according to Jon Wortmann executive mental coach We fear rejectionor that our innocent social advances will be 6 as weird We fear we’ll be 7 We fear we’ll be disruptive
Strangers are inherently 8 to usso we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances To avoid this uneasiness we 10 to our phones Phones become our security blanket Wortmann says They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11
But once we rip off the bandaidtuck our smartphones in our pockets and look upit doesn’t 12 so bad In one 2011 experimentbehavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable Start a 13 They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14 When Dr Epley and Ms Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own The New York Times summarizes Though the participants didn’t expect a positive experience after they 17 with the experiment not a single person reported having been embarrassed
18 these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those without communication which makes absolute sense 19 human beings thrive off of social connections It’s that 20 Talking to strangers can make you feel connected
1 A ticket B permit Csignal D record
2 A nothing B little Canother D much
3 A beaten B guided Cplugged D brought
4 A message B code Cnotice D sign
5 A under B beyond C behind D from
6 A misinterpreted B misapplied C misadjusted D mismatched
7 A fired B judged C replaced D delayed
8 A unreasonable B ungrateful C unconventional D unfamiliar
9 A comfortable B anxious C confident D angry
10 A attend B point C take D turn
11 A dangerous B mysterious C violent D boring
12 A hurt B resist C bend D decay
13 A lecture B conversation C debate D negotiation
14 A trainees B employees C researchers D passengers
15 A reveal B choose C predict D design
16 A voyage B flight C walk D ride
17 A went through B did away C caught up D put up
18 A In turn B In particular CIn fact D In consequence
19 A unless B since C if D whereas
20 A funny B simple C logical D rare
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions
Read the following four texts Answer the questions below each text by chosing A B C or D Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (40 points)
Text 1
A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys people are actually more stressed at home than at work Researchers measured people’s cortisol which is a stress marker while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge
Further contradicting conventional wisdom we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home writes one of the researchers Sarah Damaske In fact women say they feel better at work She notes It is men not women who report being happier at home than at work Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children and without but more so for nonparents This is why people who work outside the home have better health
What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’ re at home whether it is household work or work brought home from the office For many men the end of the workday is a time to kick back For women who stay home they never get to leave the office And for women who work outside the home they often are playing catchupwithhousehold tasks With the blurring of roles and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home
But it’s not just a gender thing At work people pretty much know what they’re supposed to be doing working making money doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income The bargain is very pure Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out lifesustaining moola
On the home front however people have no such clarity Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out There are a lot of tasks to be done there are inadequate rewards for most of them Your home colleagues—your family—have no clear rewards for their labor they need to be talked into it or if they’re teenagers threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices Plus they’re your family You cannot fire your family You never really get to go home from home
So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home Not only are the tasks apparently infinite the coworkers are much harder to motivate
21 According to Paragraph 1 most previous surveys found that home____
A was an unrealistic place for relaxation B generated more stress than the workplace
C was an ideal place for stress measurement Doffered greater relaxation than the workplace
22 According to Damaske who are likely to be the happiest at home
A Working mothers B Childless husbands
C Childless wives D Working fathers
23 The blurring of working women’s roles refers to the fact that____
A they are both bread winners and housewives
B their home is also a place for kicking back
C there is often much housework left behind
D it is difficult for them to leave their office
24 The word moola (Line 4 Para 4) most probably means____
A energy B skills C earnings D nutrition
25 The home front differs from the workplace in that____
A home is hardly a cozier working environment
B division of labor at home is seldom clearcut
C household tasks are generally more motivating
D family labor is often adequately rewarded
Text 2
For years studies have found that firstgeneration college students—those who do not have a parent with a college degree—lag other students on a range of education achievement factors Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them This has created a paradox in that recruiting firstgeneration students but then watching many of them fail means that higher education has continued to reproduce and widen rather than close an achievement gap based on social class according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science
But the article is actually quite optimistic as it outlines a potential solution to this problem suggesting that an approach (which involves a onehour nexttonocost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between firstgeneration and other students
The authors of the paper are from different universities and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students (who completed the project) at an unnamed private university First generation was defined as not having a parent with a fouryear college degree Most of the firstgeneration students (591 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need while this was true only for 86 percent of the students with at least one parent with a fouryear degree
Their thesis—that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact—was based on the view that firstgeneration students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap
Many firstgeneration students struggle to navigate the middleclass culture of higher educationlearn the rules of the game’ and take advantage of college resources they write And this becomes more of a problem when colleges don’t talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students’ educational experience many firstgeneration students lack insight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students like them’ can improve
26 Recruiting more firstgeneration students has____
A reduced their dropout rates B narrowed the achievement gap
C missed its original purpose D depressed college students
27 The authors of the research article are optimistic because____
A the problem is solvable B their approach is costless
C the recruiting rate has increased D their finding appeal to students
28 The study suggests that most firstgeneration students____
A study at private universities B are from singleparent families
C are in need of financial support D have failed their college
29 The authors of the paper believe that firstgeneration students____
A are actually indifferent to the achievement gap
B can have a potential influence on other students
C may lack opportunities to apply for research projects
D are inexperienced in handling their issues at college
30 We may infer from the last paragraph that____
A universities often reject the culture of the middleclass
B students are usually to blame for their lack of resources
C social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences
D colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question
Text 3
Even in traditional offices the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more rightbrained than it was 20 years ago said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn She started spinning off examples If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990 we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey mission passion There were goalsthere were strategies there were objectives but we didn’t talk about energy we didn’t talk about passion
Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very teamoriented—and not by coincidence Let’s not forget sports—in maledominated corporate America it’s still a big deal It’s not explicitly conscious it’s the idea that I’m a coach and you’re my team and we’re in this together There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win
These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning—and as Khurana points outincrease allegiance to the firm You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with nonprofit organizations and religious organizations：Terms like vision values passion and purpose said Khurana
This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over worklife balance The mommy wars of the 1990s are still going on today prompting arguments about why women still can’t have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg’s Lean Inwhose title has become a buzzword in its own right Terms like unplug offline lifehackbandwidth and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home But if your work is your passion you’ll be more likely to devote yourself to it even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed
But this seems to be the irony of office speak Everyone makes fun of it but managers love it companies depend on it and regular people willingly absorb it As Nunberg said You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it In a workplace that’s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work—and how your work defines who you are
31 According to Nancy Koehn office language has become____
A more emotional B more objective C less strategic D less energetic
32 teamoriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to____
A historical incidents B gender difference C sports culture D athletic executives
33 Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to____
A revive historical terms B promote company image
C foster corporate cooperation D strengthen employee loyalty
34 It can be inferred that Lean In____
A voices for working women B appeals to passionate workaholics
C triggers debates among mommies D praises motivated employees
35 Which of the following statements is true about office speak
A Managers admire it but avoid it
B Linguists believe it to be nonsense
C Companies find it to be fundamental
D Regular people mock it but accept it
Text 4
Many people talked of the 288000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for Jure along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 61 percent as good news And they were right For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace
However there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working parttime This figure is now 830000 (44 percent) above its year ago level
Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare it is worth making an important distinction Many people who work parttime jobs actually want fulltime jobs They take parttime work because this is all they can get An increase in involuntary parttime work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet
There was an increase in involuntary parttime in June but the general direction has been down Involuntary parttime employment is still far higher than before the recession but it is down by 640000 (79 percent) from its year ago level
We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary parttime employment because people tell us The survey used by the Labor Department asks people if they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week If the answer is yes they are classified as working parttime The survey then asks whether they worked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice They are only classified as voluntary parttime workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week
The issue of voluntary parttime relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment For many people especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance
However Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a fulltime job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance
36 Which part of the jobs picture was neglected
A The prospect of a thriving job market B The increase of voluntary parttime jobs
C The possibility of full employment D The acceleration of job creation
37 Many people work parttime because they____
A prefer parttime jobs to fulltime jobs B feel that is enough to make ends meet
C cannot get their hands on fulltime jobs D haven’ t seen the weakness of the market
38 Involuntary parttime employment in the US____
A is harder to acquire than one year ago B shows a general tendency of decline
C satisfies the real need of the jobless D is lower than before the recession
39 It can be learned that with Obamacare ____
A it is no longer easy for parttimers to get insurance
B employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance
C it is still challenging to get insurance for family members
D fulltime employment is still essential for insurance
40 The text mainly discusses ____
A employment in the US B parttimer classification
C insurance through Medicaid D Obamacare’s trouble
Part B
Directions
Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A—G for each numbered paragraph (41—45) There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)
A You are not alone
B Don’t fear your responsibility for your life
C pave your own unique path
D Most of your fears are unreal
E Think about the present moment
F Experience helps you grow
G There are many things to be grateful for
Some Old Truths to Help You Overcome Tough Times
Unfortunately life is not a bed of roses We are going through life facing sad experiences Moreover we are grieving various kinds of loss a friendship a romantic relationship or a house Hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like the most inopportune time but you should remember that they won’t last forever
When our time of mourning is over we press forward stronger with a greater understanding and respect for life Furthermore these losses make us mature and eventually move us toward future opportunities for growth and happiness I want to share these old truths I’ve learned along the way
41____________________________________
Fear is both useful and harmful This normal human reaction is used to protect us by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it Unfortunately people create inner barriers with a help of exaggerating fears My favorite actor Will Smith once said Fear is not real It is a product of thoughts you create Do not misunderstand me Danger is very real But fear is a choice I do completely agree that fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination
42 ____________________________________
If you are surrounded by problems and cannot stop thinking about the past try to focus on the present moment Many of us are weighed down by the past or anxious about the future You may feel guilt over your past but you are poisoning the present with the things and circumstances you cannot change Value the present moment and remember how fortunate you are to be alive Enjoy the beauty of the world around and keep the eyes open to see the possibilities before you Happiness is not a point of future and not a moment from the past but a mindset that can be designed into the present
43 ____________________________________
Sometimes it is easy to feel bad because you are going through tough times You can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of crying and complaining about something
44 ____________________________________
No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is you should always remember that you are not alone Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life especially your dearest and nearest people You may have a circle of friends who provide constant good humor help and companionship If you have no friends or relatives try to participate in several online communities full of people who are always willing to share advice and encouragement
45 ____________________________________
Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining objectivity from external sources This way you devalue your opinion and show that you are incapable of managing your own life When you are struggling to achieve something important you should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best You live in your skin think your own thoughts have your own values and make your own choices
Section III Translation
46Directions
Translate the following text into Chinese Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET (15 points)
Think about driving a route that’s very familiar It could be your commute to work a trip into town or the way home Whichever it is you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand On these sorts of trips it’s easy to lose concentration on the driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has
This is the welltravelled road effect People tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route
The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention When we travel down a wellknown route because we don’t have to concentrate much time seems to flow more quickly And afterwards when we come to think back on it we can’t remember the journey well because we didn’t pay much attention to it So we assume it was shorter
Section IV Writing
Part A
47 Directions
Suppose your university is going to host a summer camp for high school students Write a notice to
1) briefly introduce the camp activities and
2) call for volunteers
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET
Do not use your name or the name of your university
Do not write your address(10 points)
Part B
48Directions
Write an essay based on the following chart In your writing your should
1) interpret the chart and
2) give your comment
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET
2015年考研英语(二)真题答案
Section I Use of English
1 signal 2 much 3 plugged 4 message 5 behind
6 misinterpreted 7judged 8unfamiliar 9 anxious 10 turn
11 dangerous 12 hurt 13conversation 14 passengers 15 predict
16 ride 17 went through 18 In fact 19 since 20 simple
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Text 1
21D offered greater relaxation than the workplace
22B childless husbands
23A they are both bread winners and housewives
24C earnings
25B division of labor at home is seldom clearcut
Text 2
26C missed its original purpose
27A the problem is solvable
28C are in need of financial support
29D are inexperienced in handling issues at college
30D colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question
Text 3
31A more emotional
32C sports culture
33D strengthen employee loyalty
34A voices for working women
35C companies find it to be fundamental
Text 4
36B the increase of voluntary parttime jobs
37C cannot get their hands on fulltime jobs
38B shows a general tendency of decline
39B employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance
40A employment in the US
Part B
41D Most of your fears are unreal
42E Think about the present moment
43G There are many things to be grateful for
44A you are not alone
45C Pave your own unique path
Section III Translation
条非常熟悉路驾驶感觉发生班进城回家路会熟悉路迂回曲折类旅行中容易会分散注意力太关注路边风景结果误旅途实际时间少
美妙旅程产生效果：会低估熟悉旅程中掉时间
分散注意力方式会导致种结果知名路途中行驶时必集中精力时间似飞快回想整程时没特留神会变印象模糊时似会觉段旅程会更短
Part A范文：
Notice
A summer camp which aims to renew high school students’ perception of college and make them prepared for the near future will be held on July 21st by our university Volunteers are needed to provide services for the participants Listed below are the details about the camp activities and the qualifications of the volunteers to be recruited
First of all as the main activity of the summer camp is to share the experience of learning different subjects those with strong learning abilities are especially welcomed Secondly there will be some interesting contests to stimulate the mind as well as forge better relationships such as an English speech contest thus candidates must have a good command of English Furthermore those who have good communication skills and relevant experience are preferred
If you are interested please fill in the application form and send it to Students’ Union@163com
Students’ Union
PartB范文：
Isn’t it exciting that the Spring Festival is just around the corner Well sort of But when it comes to the consumption during the happy holiday you may be just as surprised as I am As the pie chart above clearly demonstrates people in a Chinese city spend 40 of their expenditure on New Year presents 20 on traffic 20 on parties and diners and 20 on others
What the chart intends to reveal undoubtedly is that we overspend on gifts which may result from the following factors Above all it’s a Chinese tradition that we exchange gifts for good wishes and closer relationships so many people are willing to send their best regards with much more expensive presents Moreover with the development of the economy people are much wealthier than before which enables them to buy fancy gifts for their beloved ones In addition there are some people who take giving presents as a great opportunity to show others their achievements or social status which leads to comparison and thus increases the consumption of New Year gifts
Exchanging presents with each other during the Spring Festival from my perspective is a fine tradition we should carry on However it is advisable that we should focus on the true meaning of gifts rather than their prices or forms
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