2005年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题参考答案
SectionⅠUse of English
Directions：
Read the following text Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A B C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1（10 points）
The human nose is an underrated tool Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals 1 this is largely because 2 animals we stand upright This means that our noses are 3 to perceiving those smells which float through the air 4 the majority of smells which stick to surfaces In fact 5 we are extremely sensitive to smells 6 we do not generally realize it Our noses are capable of 7 human smells even when these are 8 to far below one part in one million
Strangely some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another 9 others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 10 smell receptors in the nose These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send 11 to the brain However it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell 12 can suddenly become sensitive to it when 13 to it often enough
The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it 14 to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 15 new receptors if necessary This may 16 explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells we simply do not need to be We are not 17 of the usual smell of our own house but we 18 new smells when we visit someone else＇s The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 19 for unfamiliar and emergency signals 20 the smell of smoke which might indicate the danger of fire
1[A]although [B]as [C]but [D]while
2[A]above [B]unlike [C]excluding [D]besides
3[A]limited [B]committed [C]dedicated [D]confined
4[A]catching [B]ignoring [C]missing [D]tracking
5[A]anyway [B]though [C]instead [D]therefore
6[A]even if [B]if only [C]only if [D]as if
7[A]distinguishing [B]discovering [C]determining [D]detecting
8[A]diluted [B]dissolved [C]determining [D]diffused
9[A]when [B]since [C]for [D]whereas
10[A]unusual[B]particular[C]unique[D]typical
11[A]signs [B]stimuli [C]messages [D]impulses
12[A]at first [B]at all [C]at larg [D]at times
13[A]subjected [B]left [C]drawn [D]exposed
14[A]ineffective [B]incompetent [C]inefficient [D]insufficient
15[A]introduce [B]summon [C]trigger [D]create
16[A]still [B]also [C]otherwise [D]nevertheless
17[A]sure [B]sick [C]aware [D]tired
18[A]tolerate [B]repel [C]neglect [D]notice
19[A]availabe [B]reliable [C]identifiable [D]suitable
20[A]similar to [B]such as [C]along with [D]aside from
SectionⅡReading Comprehension
Part A
Directions：
Read the following four texts Answer the questions below each text by choosing A B C or D Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1（40 points）
Text 1
Everybody loves a fat pay rise Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one Indeed if he has a reputation for slacking you might even be outraged Such behaviour is regarded asall too human with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta Georgia which has just been published in Nature suggests that it all too monkey as well
The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys They look cute They are goodnatured cooperative creatures and they share their food tardily Above all like their female human counterparts they tend to pay much closer attention to the value ofgoods and servicesthan males Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr Brosnan＇s and Dr de waal＇sstudy The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food Normally the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber However when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock their became markedly different
In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods（and much preferable to cucumbers）So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber or refused toaccept the slice of cucumber Indeed the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber（without an actual monkey to eat it）was enough to reduce resentment in a female capuchin
The researches suggest that capuchin monkeys like humans are guided by social emotions in the wild they are a cooperative groupliving species Such cooperation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated Feelings of righteous indignation it seems are not the preserve of people alone Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group However whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans or whether it stems form the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago is as yet an unanswered question
21 In the opening paragraph the author introduces his topic by
A posing a contrast
B justifying an assumption
C making a comparison
D explaining a phenomenon
22 The statementit is all too monkey（Last line paragraph l）implies that
A monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals
B resenting unfairness is also monkeys＇nature
C monkeys like humans tend to be jealous of each other
D no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions
23Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are
A more inclined to weigh what they get
B attentive to researchers＇instructions
C nice in both appearance and temperament
D more generous than their male companions
24Dr Brosnan and Dr de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys
A prefer grapes to cucumbers
B can be taught to exchange things
C will not be cooperative if feeling cheated
D are unhappy when separated from others
25 What can we infer from the last paragraph？
A Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions
B Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source
C Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do
D Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild
Text 2
Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn＇t know for sure？That the evidence was inconclusive the science uncertain？That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way？Lots of Americans bought that nonsense and over three decades some 10 million smokers went to early graves
There are upsetting parallels today as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences enlisted by the White House to tell us that the Earth＇s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely manmade The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves The president of the National Academy Bruce Alberts added this keypoint in te preface to the panel＇s reporScience never h all the answers But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future and it is critical that out nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions
Just as on smoking voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete that it＇s Ok to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure this is a dangerous game：by the 100 percent of the evidence is in it may be too late With the risks obvious and growing a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now
Fortunately the White House is starting to pay attention But it＇s obvious that a majority of the president＇s advisers still don＇t take global warming seriously Instead of a plan of action they continue to press for more researcha classic case ofparalysis by analysis
To serve as responsible stewards of the planet we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research But research alone is inadequate If the Administration won＇t take the legislative initiative Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia which would offer financial incentives for private industry is a promising start Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound
26 An argument made by supporters of smoking was that
A there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death
B the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant
C people had the freedom to choose their own way of life
D antismoking people were usually talking nonsense
27 According to Bruce Alberts science can serve as
A a protector
B a judge
C a critic
D a guide
28 What does the author mean byparalysis by analysis（Last line paragraph 4）
A Endless studies kill action
B Careful investigation reveals truth
C prudent planning hinders
D Extensive research helps decisionmaking
29 According to the author what should the Administration do about
A Offer aid to build cleaner power plants
B Raise public awareness of conservation
C Press for further scientific research
D Take some legislative measures
30 The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because
A they both suffered from the government＇s negligence
B a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former
C the outcome of the latter aggravates the former
D both of them have turned from bad to worse
Text 3
Of all the components of a good night＇s sleep dreams seem to be least within our control In dreams a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak A century ago Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and rears by the late 1970s neurologists had switched to thinking of them as justmental noisethe random byproducts of the neuralrepair work that goes on during sleep Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind＇s emotional thermostat regulating moods while the brain isofflineAnd one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control to help us sleep and feel better It＇s your dreamsays Rosalind Cartwright chair of psychology at Chicago＇s Medical CenterIf you don＇t like it change it
Evidence from brain imaging supports this view The brain is as active during REM（rapid eye movement）sleepwhen most vivid dreams occuras it is when fully awake says Dr Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh But not all parts of the brain are equally involved the limbic system（theemotional brain）is especially active while the prefrontal cortex（the center of intellect and reasoning）is relatively quietWe wake up from dreams happy of depressed and those feelings can stay with us all daysays Stanford sleep researcher Dr William Dement
And this process need not be left to the unconscious Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams As soon as you awaken identify what is upsetting about the dream Visualize how you would like it to end instead the next time is occurs try to wake up just enough to control its course With much practice people can learn to literally do it in their sleep
At the end of the day there＇s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping ofwe wake u in a panic Cartwright says Terrorism economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people＇s anxiety Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist For the rest of us the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings Sleepor rather dreamon it and you＇ll feel better in the morning
31 Researchers have come to believe that dreams
A can be modified in their courses
B are susceptible to emotional changes
C reflect our innermost desires and fears
D are a random outcome of neural repairs
32 By referring to the limbic system the author intends to show
A its function in our dreams
B the mechanism of REM sleep
C the relation of dreams to emotions
D its difference from the prefrontal cortex
33 The negative feelings generated during the day tend to
A aggravate in our unconscious mind
B develop into happy dreams
C persist till the time we fall asleep
D show up in dreams early at night
34Cartwright seems to suggest that
A waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams
B visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under con troll
C dreams should be left to their natural progression
D dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious
35 What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have had dreams
A lead your life as usual
B Seek professional help
C Exercise conscious control
D Avoid anxiety in the daytime
Text 4
American no longer expect public figures whether in speech or in writing to command the English language with skill and gift Nor do they aspire to such command themselves In his latest book Doing Our Own Thing The Degradation of language and Music and why we should like care John McWhorter a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views sees the triumph of 1960s counterculture as responsible for the decline of formal English
But the cult of the authentic and the personal doing our own thing has spelt the death of formal speech writing poetry and music While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page Equally in poetry the highly personal performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness In both oral and written English talking is triumphing over speaking spontaneity over craft
Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture the trend that Mr McWhorter documents is unmistakable But it is less clear to take the question of his subtitle why we should like care As a linguist he acknowledges that all varieties of human language including nonstandard ones like Black English can be powerfully expressivethere exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas He is not arguing as many do that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper
Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem oldfashioned to most Englishspeakers Mr McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary and proposes no radical education reformshe is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful We now take our English on paper plates instead of china A shame perhaps but probably an inevitable one
36 According to Mc Whorter the decline of formal English
A is inevitable in radical education reforms
B is but all too natural in language development
C has caused the controversy over the counterculture
D brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s
37 The word talking （Linge6 paragraph3） denotes
A modesty
B personality
C liveliness
D informality
38 To which of the following statements would Mc Whorter most likely agree
A Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk
B Black English can be more expressive than standard English
C Nonstandard varieties of human language are just as entertaining
D Of all the varieties standard English Can best convey complex ideas
39 The description of Russians＇ love of memorizing poetry shows the author＇s
A interest in their language
B appreciation of their efforts
C admiration for their memory
D contempt for their oldfashionedness
40 According to the last paragraph paper plates is to china as
A temporary is to permanent
B radical is to conservative
C functional is to artistic
D humble is to noble
Part B
Directions：
In the following text some sentences have removed For Questions 4145 choose the most suitable one from the list AG to fit into of the numbered blank there are two extra choices which do not fit in any of the gaps Mark your answers on
ANSWER SHEET1 （10 points）
Canada＇s premiers （the leaders of provincial governments） if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting might spare a moment to do something to reduce healthcare costs
They＇re all groaning about soaring health budgets the fastestgrowing component of which are pharmaceutical costs
41
What to do Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health careto say nothing of reports from other experts recommended the creation of a national drug agency Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs bureaucracy procedures and limited bargaining power all would pool resources work with Ottawa and create a national institution
42
But national doesn＇t have to mean that National could mean interprovincialprovinces combining efforts to create one body
Either way one benefit of a national organization would be to negotiate better prices if possible with drug manufacturers Instead of having one provinceor a series of hospitals within a provincenegotiate a price for a given drug on the provincial list the national agency would negotiate on behalf of all provinces
Rather than say Quebec negotiating on behalf of seven million people the national agency would negotiate on behalf 31 million people Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers the higher the likelihood of a better price
43
A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency with the creation of the Canadian Coordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment funded by Ottawa and the provinces Under it a Common Drug Review recommends to provincial lists which new drugs should be included predictably and regrettably Quebec refused to join
A few premiers are suspicious of any federalprovincial dealmaking They （particularly Quebec and Alberta） just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few if any strings attached That＇s one reason why the idea of a nationalist hasn＇t gone anywhere while drug costs keep rising fast
44
Premiers love to quote Mr Romanow＇s report selectively especially the parts about more federal money perhaps they should read what he had to say a bout drugs
A national drug agency would provide governments more influence on pharmaceutical companies in order to constrain the everincreasing cost of drugs
45
So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complaint list they should also get cracking about something in their jurisdiction that would help their budgets and patients
A Quebec＇s resistance to a national agency is provincialist ideology One of thrst advocates for national list was a researcher at Laval University Quebec＇s Drug Insurance Fund has seen its costs skyrocket with annual increases from 143 per cent to 268 per cent
B Or they could read Mr Kirby＇s report：the substantial buying power of such an agency would strengthen the public prescriptiondrug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies
C What does national mean Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby recommended a federalprovincial body much like the recently created National Health Council
D The problem is simple and stark： healthcare costs have been are and will continue to increase faster than government revenues
E According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall healthcare spending Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments part of it arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds Part of it is higher prices
F So if the provinces want to run the healthcare show they should prove they can run it starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication save administrative costs prevent one province from being played off against another and bargain for better drug prices
G Of course the pharmaceutical companies will scream They like divided buyers they can lobby better that way They can use the threat of removing jobs from one province to another They can hope that if one province includes a drug on its list the pressure will cause others to include it on theirs They wouldn＇t like a national agency agency but selfinterest would lead them to deal with it
Part C
Directions：
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET2 （10points）
It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history History and news become confused and one＇s impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism （46）Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyedand perhaps never before has it served to much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples their cultures and national identities With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene （47） In Europe as elsewhere multimedia groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television radio newspapers magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one anotherOne Italian example would be the Berlusconi group while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind
Clearly only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete complete in such a rich and hotlycontested market （48） This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50 took a loss in 1989
Moreover the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution
（49） Creating a European identity that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice that of producing programs in Europe for Europe This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own
In order to achieve these objectives we must concentrate more on coproductions the exchange of news documentary services and training This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank will handle the finances necessary for production costs （50） In dealing with a challenge on such a scale it is no exaggeration to say Unity we stand divided we fall and if I had to choose a slogan it would be Unity in our diversity A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country＇
SectionⅢWriting
Part A
51 Directions：
Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs & fashions But now you find that the word is not what you expected You decide to quit Write a letter to your boss Mr Wang telling him your decision stating your reason（s） and making an apology
Write your letter with no less than 100 words Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET2 Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter use Li Ming instead You do not need to write the address （10 points）
Part B
52 Directions：
Write an essay of 160200 words based on the following drawing In your essay you should first describe the drawing the interpret its meaning and give your comment on it
You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2 （20 points）
Section I Use of English
1c 2b 3a 4c 5b
6a 7d 8a 9d 10b
11c 12a 13d 14c 15d
16b 17c 18d 19a 20b
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
21c 22b 23a 24c 25b
26c 27d 28a 29d 30b
31a 32c 33d 34d 35a
36b 37d 38a 39b 40c
Part B
41e 42c 43g 44f 45b
Part C
46电视引发传递感受手段——欧洲发生事件中民族国家连起作前未
47欧洲方样传媒集团越越成功：集团相关电视广播报纸杂志出版社组合起
48点足证明电视行业里生存非易事统计数字尤说明事实80欧洲电视网中达半1989年亏损
49文化传统欧洲陆编织成体创造出种尊重文化传统欧洲品牌绝非易事需做出战略性选择
50应规模挑战时毫夸张说：联合生存分裂灭亡
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SectionⅠUse of English
Directions：
Read the following text Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A B C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1（10 points）
The human nose is an underrated tool Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals 1 this is largely because 2 animals we stand upright This means that our noses are 3 to perceiving those smells which float through the air 4 the majority of smells which stick to surfaces In fact 5 we are extremely sensitive to smells 6 we do not generally realize it Our noses are capable of 7 human smells even when these are 8 to far below one part in one million
Strangely some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another 9 others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 10 smell receptors in the nose These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send 11 to the brain However it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell 12 can suddenly become sensitive to it when 13 to it often enough
The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it 14 to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 15 new receptors if necessary This may 16 explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells we simply do not need to be We are not 17 of the usual smell of our own house but we 18 new smells when we visit someone else＇s The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 19 for unfamiliar and emergency signals 20 the smell of smoke which might indicate the danger of fire
1[A]although [B]as [C]but [D]while
2[A]above [B]unlike [C]excluding [D]besides
3[A]limited [B]committed [C]dedicated [D]confined
4[A]catching [B]ignoring [C]missing [D]tracking
5[A]anyway [B]though [C]instead [D]therefore
6[A]even if [B]if only [C]only if [D]as if
7[A]distinguishing [B]discovering [C]determining [D]detecting
8[A]diluted [B]dissolved [C]determining [D]diffused
9[A]when [B]since [C]for [D]whereas
10[A]unusual[B]particular[C]unique[D]typical
11[A]signs [B]stimuli [C]messages [D]impulses
12[A]at first [B]at all [C]at larg [D]at times
13[A]subjected [B]left [C]drawn [D]exposed
14[A]ineffective [B]incompetent [C]inefficient [D]insufficient
15[A]introduce [B]summon [C]trigger [D]create
16[A]still [B]also [C]otherwise [D]nevertheless
17[A]sure [B]sick [C]aware [D]tired
18[A]tolerate [B]repel [C]neglect [D]notice
19[A]availabe [B]reliable [C]identifiable [D]suitable
20[A]similar to [B]such as [C]along with [D]aside from
SectionⅡReading Comprehension
Part A
Directions：
Read the following four texts Answer the questions below each text by choosing A B C or D Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1（40 points）
Text 1
Everybody loves a fat pay rise Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one Indeed if he has a reputation for slacking you might even be outraged Such behaviour is regarded asall too human with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta Georgia which has just been published in Nature suggests that it all too monkey as well
The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys They look cute They are goodnatured cooperative creatures and they share their food tardily Above all like their female human counterparts they tend to pay much closer attention to the value ofgoods and servicesthan males Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr Brosnan＇s and Dr de waal＇sstudy The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food Normally the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber However when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock their became markedly different
In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods（and much preferable to cucumbers）So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber or refused toaccept the slice of cucumber Indeed the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber（without an actual monkey to eat it）was enough to reduce resentment in a female capuchin
The researches suggest that capuchin monkeys like humans are guided by social emotions in the wild they are a cooperative groupliving species Such cooperation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated Feelings of righteous indignation it seems are not the preserve of people alone Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group However whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans or whether it stems form the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago is as yet an unanswered question
21 In the opening paragraph the author introduces his topic by
A posing a contrast
B justifying an assumption
C making a comparison
D explaining a phenomenon
22 The statementit is all too monkey（Last line paragraph l）implies that
A monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals
B resenting unfairness is also monkeys＇nature
C monkeys like humans tend to be jealous of each other
D no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions
23Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are
A more inclined to weigh what they get
B attentive to researchers＇instructions
C nice in both appearance and temperament
D more generous than their male companions
24Dr Brosnan and Dr de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys
A prefer grapes to cucumbers
B can be taught to exchange things
C will not be cooperative if feeling cheated
D are unhappy when separated from others
25 What can we infer from the last paragraph？
A Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions
B Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source
C Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do
D Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild
Text 2
Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn＇t know for sure？That the evidence was inconclusive the science uncertain？That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way？Lots of Americans bought that nonsense and over three decades some 10 million smokers went to early graves
There are upsetting parallels today as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences enlisted by the White House to tell us that the Earth＇s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely manmade The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves The president of the National Academy Bruce Alberts added this keypoint in te preface to the panel＇s reporScience never h all the answers But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future and it is critical that out nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions
Just as on smoking voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete that it＇s Ok to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure this is a dangerous game：by the 100 percent of the evidence is in it may be too late With the risks obvious and growing a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now
Fortunately the White House is starting to pay attention But it＇s obvious that a majority of the president＇s advisers still don＇t take global warming seriously Instead of a plan of action they continue to press for more researcha classic case ofparalysis by analysis
To serve as responsible stewards of the planet we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research But research alone is inadequate If the Administration won＇t take the legislative initiative Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia which would offer financial incentives for private industry is a promising start Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound
26 An argument made by supporters of smoking was that
A there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death
B the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant
C people had the freedom to choose their own way of life
D antismoking people were usually talking nonsense
27 According to Bruce Alberts science can serve as
A a protector
B a judge
C a critic
D a guide
28 What does the author mean byparalysis by analysis（Last line paragraph 4）
A Endless studies kill action
B Careful investigation reveals truth
C prudent planning hinders
D Extensive research helps decisionmaking
29 According to the author what should the Administration do about
A Offer aid to build cleaner power plants
B Raise public awareness of conservation
C Press for further scientific research
D Take some legislative measures
30 The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because
A they both suffered from the government＇s negligence
B a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former
C the outcome of the latter aggravates the former
D both of them have turned from bad to worse
Text 3
Of all the components of a good night＇s sleep dreams seem to be least within our control In dreams a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak A century ago Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and rears by the late 1970s neurologists had switched to thinking of them as justmental noisethe random byproducts of the neuralrepair work that goes on during sleep Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind＇s emotional thermostat regulating moods while the brain isofflineAnd one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control to help us sleep and feel better It＇s your dreamsays Rosalind Cartwright chair of psychology at Chicago＇s Medical CenterIf you don＇t like it change it
Evidence from brain imaging supports this view The brain is as active during REM（rapid eye movement）sleepwhen most vivid dreams occuras it is when fully awake says Dr Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh But not all parts of the brain are equally involved the limbic system（theemotional brain）is especially active while the prefrontal cortex（the center of intellect and reasoning）is relatively quietWe wake up from dreams happy of depressed and those feelings can stay with us all daysays Stanford sleep researcher Dr William Dement
And this process need not be left to the unconscious Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams As soon as you awaken identify what is upsetting about the dream Visualize how you would like it to end instead the next time is occurs try to wake up just enough to control its course With much practice people can learn to literally do it in their sleep
At the end of the day there＇s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping ofwe wake u in a panic Cartwright says Terrorism economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people＇s anxiety Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist For the rest of us the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings Sleepor rather dreamon it and you＇ll feel better in the morning
31 Researchers have come to believe that dreams
A can be modified in their courses
B are susceptible to emotional changes
C reflect our innermost desires and fears
D are a random outcome of neural repairs
32 By referring to the limbic system the author intends to show
A its function in our dreams
B the mechanism of REM sleep
C the relation of dreams to emotions
D its difference from the prefrontal cortex
33 The negative feelings generated during the day tend to
A aggravate in our unconscious mind
B develop into happy dreams
C persist till the time we fall asleep
D show up in dreams early at night
34Cartwright seems to suggest that
A waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams
B visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under con troll
C dreams should be left to their natural progression
D dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious
35 What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have had dreams
A lead your life as usual
B Seek professional help
C Exercise conscious control
D Avoid anxiety in the daytime
Text 4
American no longer expect public figures whether in speech or in writing to command the English language with skill and gift Nor do they aspire to such command themselves In his latest book Doing Our Own Thing The Degradation of language and Music and why we should like care John McWhorter a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views sees the triumph of 1960s counterculture as responsible for the decline of formal English
But the cult of the authentic and the personal doing our own thing has spelt the death of formal speech writing poetry and music While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page Equally in poetry the highly personal performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness In both oral and written English talking is triumphing over speaking spontaneity over craft
Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture the trend that Mr McWhorter documents is unmistakable But it is less clear to take the question of his subtitle why we should like care As a linguist he acknowledges that all varieties of human language including nonstandard ones like Black English can be powerfully expressivethere exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas He is not arguing as many do that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper
Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem oldfashioned to most Englishspeakers Mr McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary and proposes no radical education reformshe is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful We now take our English on paper plates instead of china A shame perhaps but probably an inevitable one
36 According to Mc Whorter the decline of formal English
A is inevitable in radical education reforms
B is but all too natural in language development
C has caused the controversy over the counterculture
D brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s
37 The word talking （Linge6 paragraph3） denotes
A modesty
B personality
C liveliness
D informality
38 To which of the following statements would Mc Whorter most likely agree
A Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk
B Black English can be more expressive than standard English
C Nonstandard varieties of human language are just as entertaining
D Of all the varieties standard English Can best convey complex ideas
39 The description of Russians＇ love of memorizing poetry shows the author＇s
A interest in their language
B appreciation of their efforts
C admiration for their memory
D contempt for their oldfashionedness
40 According to the last paragraph paper plates is to china as
A temporary is to permanent
B radical is to conservative
C functional is to artistic
D humble is to noble
Part B
Directions：
In the following text some sentences have removed For Questions 4145 choose the most suitable one from the list AG to fit into of the numbered blank there are two extra choices which do not fit in any of the gaps Mark your answers on
ANSWER SHEET1 （10 points）
Canada＇s premiers （the leaders of provincial governments） if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting might spare a moment to do something to reduce healthcare costs
They＇re all groaning about soaring health budgets the fastestgrowing component of which are pharmaceutical costs
41
What to do Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health careto say nothing of reports from other experts recommended the creation of a national drug agency Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs bureaucracy procedures and limited bargaining power all would pool resources work with Ottawa and create a national institution
42
But national doesn＇t have to mean that National could mean interprovincialprovinces combining efforts to create one body
Either way one benefit of a national organization would be to negotiate better prices if possible with drug manufacturers Instead of having one provinceor a series of hospitals within a provincenegotiate a price for a given drug on the provincial list the national agency would negotiate on behalf of all provinces
Rather than say Quebec negotiating on behalf of seven million people the national agency would negotiate on behalf 31 million people Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers the higher the likelihood of a better price
43
A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency with the creation of the Canadian Coordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment funded by Ottawa and the provinces Under it a Common Drug Review recommends to provincial lists which new drugs should be included predictably and regrettably Quebec refused to join
A few premiers are suspicious of any federalprovincial dealmaking They （particularly Quebec and Alberta） just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few if any strings attached That＇s one reason why the idea of a nationalist hasn＇t gone anywhere while drug costs keep rising fast
44
Premiers love to quote Mr Romanow＇s report selectively especially the parts about more federal money perhaps they should read what he had to say a bout drugs
A national drug agency would provide governments more influence on pharmaceutical companies in order to constrain the everincreasing cost of drugs
45
So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complaint list they should also get cracking about something in their jurisdiction that would help their budgets and patients
A Quebec＇s resistance to a national agency is provincialist ideology One of thrst advocates for national list was a researcher at Laval University Quebec＇s Drug Insurance Fund has seen its costs skyrocket with annual increases from 143 per cent to 268 per cent
B Or they could read Mr Kirby＇s report：the substantial buying power of such an agency would strengthen the public prescriptiondrug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies
C What does national mean Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby recommended a federalprovincial body much like the recently created National Health Council
D The problem is simple and stark： healthcare costs have been are and will continue to increase faster than government revenues
E According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall healthcare spending Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments part of it arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds Part of it is higher prices
F So if the provinces want to run the healthcare show they should prove they can run it starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication save administrative costs prevent one province from being played off against another and bargain for better drug prices
G Of course the pharmaceutical companies will scream They like divided buyers they can lobby better that way They can use the threat of removing jobs from one province to another They can hope that if one province includes a drug on its list the pressure will cause others to include it on theirs They wouldn＇t like a national agency agency but selfinterest would lead them to deal with it
Part C
Directions：
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET2 （10points）
It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history History and news become confused and one＇s impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism （46）Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyedand perhaps never before has it served to much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples their cultures and national identities With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene （47） In Europe as elsewhere multimedia groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television radio newspapers magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one anotherOne Italian example would be the Berlusconi group while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind
Clearly only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete complete in such a rich and hotlycontested market （48） This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50 took a loss in 1989
Moreover the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution
（49） Creating a European identity that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice that of producing programs in Europe for Europe This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own
In order to achieve these objectives we must concentrate more on coproductions the exchange of news documentary services and training This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank will handle the finances necessary for production costs （50） In dealing with a challenge on such a scale it is no exaggeration to say Unity we stand divided we fall and if I had to choose a slogan it would be Unity in our diversity A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country＇
SectionⅢWriting
Part A
51 Directions：
Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs & fashions But now you find that the word is not what you expected You decide to quit Write a letter to your boss Mr Wang telling him your decision stating your reason（s） and making an apology
Write your letter with no less than 100 words Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET2 Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter use Li Ming instead You do not need to write the address （10 points）
Part B
52 Directions：
Write an essay of 160200 words based on the following drawing In your essay you should first describe the drawing the interpret its meaning and give your comment on it
You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2 （20 points）
Section I Use of English
1c 2b 3a 4c 5b
6a 7d 8a 9d 10b
11c 12a 13d 14c 15d
16b 17c 18d 19a 20b
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
21c 22b 23a 24c 25b
26c 27d 28a 29d 30b
31a 32c 33d 34d 35a
36b 37d 38a 39b 40c
Part B
41e 42c 43g 44f 45b
Part C
46电视引发传递感受手段——欧洲发生事件中民族国家连起作前未
47欧洲方样传媒集团越越成功：集团相关电视广播报纸杂志出版社组合起
48点足证明电视行业里生存非易事统计数字尤说明事实80欧洲电视网中达半1989年亏损
49文化传统欧洲陆编织成体创造出种尊重文化传统欧洲品牌绝非易事需做出战略性选择
50应规模挑战时毫夸张说：联合生存分裂灭亡
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