1992年考研英语真题及解析


    1992年全国硕士研究生入学统考试英语试题

    Section ⅠUse of English

    Directions
    For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices marked [A][B][C]and [D]Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET (15 points)

    The key to the industrialization of space is the US space shuttle ___1___ it astronauts will acquire a workhouse vehicle ___2___ of flying into space and returning many times ___3___ by reusable rockets that can lift a load of 65000 pounds the shuttle will carry devices for scientific inquiry as ___4___ as a variety of military hardware ___5___ more significantly it will ___6___ materials and machines into space for industrial purposes ___7___ two decades ago when sputnik (artificial satellite) was ___8___ to the vocabulary In short the ___9___ importance of the shuttle lies in its ___10___ as an economic tool
    What makes the space shuttle ___11___ is that it takes off like a rocket but lands like an airplane ___12___ when it has accomplished its ___13___ it can be ready for ___14___ trip in about two weeks
    The space shuttle the world’s first true spaceship is a magnificent step ___15___ making the impossible possible for the benefit and survival of man

    1 [A] In [B]On [C]By [D] With
    [解析] 题考核知识点:介词法
    空格句中it指代前句提space shuttle句子意:……航天飞机宇航员实现面太空间次返根介词space shuttle搭配首先排[B]in the space shuttle搭配身没错误代入句子中含义成:航天飞机里宇航员实验室飞行器句显然合逻辑排[A]by with表示通……意思by表示动作行方式:to pay by cheque支票付款to travel by plane飞机旅行文章显然说宇航员获实验室飞行器方式(坐)航天飞机with表示(做某事)助工具手段外意having or carrying sth具带:With your help I might finish the work ahead of time帮助许提前完成工作with带入文中表示航天飞机宇航员实验室飞行器符合逻辑[D]合适选项

    2 [A] capable 力够 [B] suitable 适合适宜
    [C] efficient 效率高力[D] fit(质量素质技)适合合格
    [解析] 题考核知识点:固定搭配
    语法[A]capable够形成capable of doing…结构:Our noses are capable of detecting human smells even when these are diluted to far below one part in one million 类气味浓度稀释原百万分鼻子然够察觉存代入文中形容词短语capable of …做置定语修饰名词a workhouse vehicle表示够……实验室飞行器
    suitablefit般for 连:This program is not suitable for children 节目童宜It was a meal fit for a king 饭菜够御膳efficient通常at:He's efficient at his job 胜工作

    3 [A] Served …提供服务 [B] Powered …提供动力
    [C] Forced …强迫 [D] Reinforced …加强加固
    [解析]题考核知识点:文意思+ 动词词义辨析
    空格部分分词短语做状语… by reusable rockets句子语the shuttle空格处填入分词语(逻辑语)间存动关系该部分含义:航天飞机重复火箭……选项含义powered符合逻辑表示重复火箭航天飞机提供动力[B]正确

    4 [A] far[B] well[C] much[D] long
    [解析]题考核知识点:句意理解+ 短语含义辨析
    四词形成as…as结构仅语法法做出选择短语意思as far as 意表示达远范围距离:I’ll drive you to as far as the theatre 远载剧院as well as意in addition to……:She is a talented musician as well as being a photographer摄影师天音乐家as much as意表示量:He doesn’t earn as much as I do挣钱as long as意only ifsince:We’ll go as long as the weather is good 天气As long as there is a demand for these drugs the financial incentive for drug dealers will be there 毒品需求存贩毒者济诱
    空格句意:航天飞机运送种军设备外运送科学考察仪器[B]合适选项

    5 [A] Then [B] Or[C] But[D] So
    [解析] 题考核知识点:逻辑关系
    题解答需正确理解空格前句子逻辑关系文提出航天飞机作(携带科学探索设备军事设备返太空)文然指出作(材料机器送入太空实现工业目)more significantly说明文指出重作处连词应该表示递进关系四选项中but够表示转折递进关系正确选项[C]
    [A]then表示接追加果关系First cook the onions then add the mushrooms 先炒洋葱然放进蘑菇She s been very busy at work and then there was all that trouble with her son工作直忙外子堆麻烦事Why don’t you hire a car Then you ’ll be able to visit more of the area租辆车样参观方[B]or连接句子时表示果…会出现…()结果:Hurry up or you'll be late 快否[D]so表示果关系:It was snowing and so I could not go out天雪法外出

    6 [A] supply补供 [B] introduce 介绍推出
    [C] deliver 运送输送 [D] transfer 转移调转
    [解析] 题考核知识点:句子部逻辑+动词词义辨析
    解题关键弄清楚航天飞机(it)材料机器(materials and machines)太空 (space)间联系显然三者间联系应航天飞机材料机器送太空 [C]符合语义

    7 [A] unimagined 法想象 [B] unsettled 未解决未定
    [C] uncovered 揭露 [D]unsolved 未解决
    [解析] 题考核知识点:分词形容词辨析
    空格处填入分词形容词做置定语修饰industrial purposes相定语句:(which are) …two decades ago空格句旨说明航天飞机工业方面巨作[A]代入表示航天飞机会实现工业目20年前法想象符合文意正确选项[C]20年前揭露目法表达含义项purposes搭配

    8 [A] attributed[B] contributed[C] applied[D] added
    [解析]题考核知识点:动词词义辨析+搭配
    题求考生判断动词介词to搭配符合文义四选项to 搭配需语义方面考虑add… to…意添加增加:Shall I add your name to the list 名字写进名单?空格句意:20年前sputnik(造卫星)作新词添加原词汇中[D]add符合语法符合文容正确选项
    [A]attribute sth to sth意认……属…………:Not all that shift can be attributed to the movement out of the snowbelt census officials say口普查官员说非口迁移离开寒冷带[B] contribute sth to sth意 助……做出贡献:Her work has contributed much to our understanding of this difficult subject著作十分助困难问题解[C]apply sth to sth意应:The new technology was applied to farming项新技术已应农业

    9 [A] general 总体般 [B] essential 极重必少
    [C] prevailing 流行蔓延 [D] ultimate 根高
    [解析]题考核知识点:形容词词义辨析搭配
    空格句该段总结指出航天飞机……重性作济工具……题目求考生判断形容词够importance连符合文意[D]ultimateimportance搭配表示作

    10 [A] promise (成功良结果)希前景 [B] prosperity 繁荣昌盛
    [C] popularity流行普 [D] priority 优先权
    [解析]题考核知识点:文容理解+名词词义辨析
    空格句意:航天飞机重作作济工具……代入[A]promise符合句意正确选项

    11 [A] exceptional 例外 [B] strange 奇怪
    [C] unique 独特 [D] rare稀罕见
    [解析] 题考核知识点:义词辨析
    四词众意思侧重点exceptional意unusual and likely not to happen often侧重例外strange 侧重奇怪unique 意very special or unusual强调独特rare侧重罕见稀文中起飞时火箭降落时似飞机显然航天飞机独特处[C]正确选项

    12 [A] Thus [B] Whereas 然
    [C] Nevertheless …[D] Yet 然
    题考核知识点:逻辑关系
    题空格处填入连词体现句前间逻辑关系先完成1314题句子含义完整做题文提航天飞机独特处起飞时火箭降落时似飞机句提航天飞机完成务准备开始两周旅程
    thus表示果关系:It was already rather late thus we decide to go home已相晚决定回家whereas表示:Wise men love truth whereas fools shun it智者热爱真理愚者回避真理nevertheless表示步:The experiment failed It was nevertheless worth making 试验没成功值做yet表示转折:She is vain and foolish and yet people like her 负愚蠢然喜欢根文意[A]更恰两句间果关系:特点快开始新旅程


    13 [A] venture 险遭受危险损失事业 [B]mission 务命
    [C] commission委托托办事 [D] responsibility 责
    题考核知识点:义名词辨析
    空格句意:航天飞机完成……做准备开始两周新旅程[B]mission务词形容航天飞机完成工作恰accomplish a mission常搭配

    14 [A] new[B] another[C] certain[D] subsequent
    [题考核知识点] 数名词修饰语搭配
    题中四选项意义行语法结构[B]another直接接数名词trip项形容词搭配数名词trip前应加冠词:a new trip a certain trip a subsequent trip

    15 [A] for[B] by[C] in[D] through
    [解析] 题考核知识点:介词搭配
    词义[A]for表示目[B]by[D]through表示通某种方法手段[C]in+doing表示某方面…句意:宇宙飞船变方面迈出重步[C]符合文意a bigmagnificent step in doing常表示…方面取重突破

    全文翻译
    美国航天飞机太空实现工业化关键航天飞机宇航员次返太空球间实验室飞行器载重65000磅重复火箭提供动力航天飞机携带科学探索设备种样军事设备返太空更重材料机器送入太空实现某工业目目20年前造卫星字眼刚刚出现时法想象总航天飞机重性作济工具带美前景
    航天飞机独特处起飞时火箭降落时飞机正航天飞机完成务准备开始两周旅程
    航天飞机世界第艘真正宇宙飞船类生存利益变道路迈出辉煌步

    Part ⅡReading Comprehension

    Part A

    Directions
    Each of the passages below is followed by some questions For each question four answers are given Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET(30 points)

    Passage 1
    It is all very well to blame traffic jams the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life but manners on the roads are becoming horrible Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheel It is all very well again to have a tiger in the tank but to have one in the driver’s seat is another matter altogether You might tolerate the odd roadhog the rude and inconsiderate driver but nowadays the wellmannered motorist is the exception to the rule (Perhaps the situation calls for a Be Kind to Other Drivers campaign otherwise it may get completely out of hand)
    Road politeness is not only good manners but good sense too It takes the most coolheaded and goodtempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior On the other hand a little politeness goes a long way towards relieving the tensions of motoring A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgment in response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions But such acknowledgments of politeness are all too rare today Many drivers nowadays don’t even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it
    However misplaced politeness can also be dangerous Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to It always amazes me that the highways are not covered with the dead bodies of these grannies
    A veteran driver whose manners are faultless told me it would help if motorists learnt to filter correctly into traffic streams one at a time without causing the total blockages that give rise to bad temper Unfortunately modern motorists can’t even learn to drive let alone master the subtler aspects of roadsmanship Years ago the experts warned us that the car ownership explosion would demand a lot more giveandtake from all road users It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart

    文章结构总体分析

    文讲述交通问题缘起(司机恰行)解决办法
    第段第部分:司机缺乏礼貌马路问题罪魁祸首
    第二三段第二部分:文明驾驶助改善交通状况滥礼貌样会带灾难
    第四段第三部分:恰开车技巧相互理解态度助解决交通问题

    试题具体分析

    16 According to this passage troubles on the road are primarily caused by________
    16 根文容道路问题原_______
    [A] people’s attitude towards the roadhog
    [A] 鲁莽驾驶员态度
    [B] the rhythm of modern life
    [B] 现代生活节奏
    [C] the behavior of the driver
    [C] 司机行
    [D] traffic conditions
    [D] 交通条件
    [分析] 题考核知识点:第段旨题
    第段第二句段末容指出:旦驾车成伤妖怪分胆司机(tiger)会造成麻烦鉴文明驾车司机太少现状情况完全失控必发起名司机点运动说明形成道路问题原司机行 外文余部分全部围绕司机正确运礼貌(politeness)减少道路问题进行讨[C]正确选项
    误选[A]没正确理解You might tolerate…rule句旨说明:文明驾驶司机常见非说明鲁莽司机态度[B] [D]舍逐末:文章第段提现代生活节奏交通状况引出道路问题原──司机行

    17The sentence You might tolerate the odd roadhogthe rule(Para1) implies that___
    17 第段句子You might tolerate the odd roadhog… the rule说明________
    [A] our society is unjust towards wellmannered motorists
    [A] 社会礼貌驾车失公
    [B] rude drivers can be met only occasionally
    [B] 粗鲁司机少碰
    [C] the wellmannered motorist cannot tolerate the roadhog
    [C] 礼貌驾车容忍野蛮司机
    [D] nowadays impolite drivers constitute the majority of motorists
    [D] 现礼貌司机占数
    [分析] 题考核知识点:根文理解句意
    句意:容忍古怪粗鲁体谅司机现文明驾驶司机实属罕见exception to the rule 意例外[D] the wellmannered motorist is the exception to the rule改写表达相意思正确选项
    [B]事实相反[A][C]文中未提

    18 By good sense the writer means_____
    18 作者good sense指________
    [A] the driver’s ability to understand and react reasonably
    [A] 司机理解(行)做出合理反应力
    [B] the driver’s prompt response to difficult and severe conditions
    [B] 司机困难严峻条件做出迅速反应
    [C] the driver’s tolerance of rude or even savage behavior
    [C] 司机粗鲁甚野蛮行容忍
    [D] the driver’s acknowledgment of politeness and regulations
    [D] 司机礼貌规认
    [分析] 题考核知识点:根文理解短语
    根题干关键词good sense锁定第二段第句该句段落题句理解必然基段容握段第句指出:马路文明仅good mannersgood sense文开始good sense进行具体阐述第二句说明礼貌行:克制住进行报复第三句段末说明礼貌行:表示理解做出认反应[A]两方面容概括[C][D]涉方面容全面[B]中困难严峻条件太笼统快速反应该段没提

    19 Experts have long pointed out that in the face of carownership explosion __________
    19 专家早指出:面汽车拥者突增_____________
    [A] road users should make more sacrifice
    [A] 马路者应该做出更牺牲
    [B] drivers should be ready to yield to each other
    [B] 司机应该准备彼步
    [C]drivers should have more communication among themselves
    [C] 司机间应该更交流
    [D]drivers will suffer great loss if they pay no respect to others
    [D] 司机间互相尊重会遭受巨损失
    [分析]:题考核知识点:细节题
    根题干中出现关键词Expertscarownership explosion锁定全文倒数第二句题进行判断短语giveandtake 理解考生根合成词构成容易猜测出giveandtake 意:互相步互相迁(make mutual concessions)[B]中yield to each other意正确选项

    20 In the writer’s opinion ___________
    20 作者认________________
    [A]strict traffic regulations are badly needed
    [A] 急需严格交通规
    [B]drivers should apply road politeness properly
    [B] 司机应该适马路礼貌
    [C] rude drivers should be punished
    [C] 野蛮司机应该受惩罚
    [D] drivers should avoid traffic jams
    [D] 司机应该避免交通阻塞
    [分析] 题考核知识点:作者观点题
    理解作者观点需观全文文第二段说明司机应该礼貌驾驶行礼貌行做出合理反应第三段说明司机误礼貌(misplaced politeness ) 样危险文正反两方面分析politeness减少道路问题作properly作者观点具概括力[B]正确选项
    文没利交通法规减少交通问题方面进行讨[A]非文述容文没提野蛮司机惩罚[C]非正确选项文章开头作马路问题产生原提traffic jam没提司机应该避免交通高峰减少交通问题[D]非正确选项


    长难句分析
    A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgment in response to an act of politeness helps to
    create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions
    句干:A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledge…helps to create and atmosphere of… 介词短语in response to …politeness wave of acknowledgment置定语形容词短语so necessary…conditions
    an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance置定语
    译文:友颔首轻轻挥手表达方礼貌行认形成友宽容氛围种氛围前交通条件必

    Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time
    句干:typical examples are the driver…or the man…两名词the driver the man分接定语句who brakes…be clear anywaywho waves…stop in time做置定语第定语句中嵌套状语句:when a few seconds later…clear anyway第二定语句中嵌套外定语句that…stop in timeoncoming vehicles 置定语
    译文:典型事例:司机边路突然出现车采取急刹车面交通造成危险(出现种情况)需秒钟等道路会畅通阻者会穿斑马线孩子路示意进入车辆通道驶车辆法时停车

    全文翻译
    谴责交通阻塞汽油价格现代生活快节奏马路礼貌确实越越糟糕知道:便脾气车里会变成怪兽老虎油箱里说老虎坐驾驶员位置完全回事许够容忍马路横直闯司机粗鲁体谅司机现文明驾驶司机实属罕见(需发起场司机友善运动否情形会完全失控)
    马路文明仅种礼貌行种良意识司机需非常冷静头脑脾气碰文明行时克制住进行报复方面许文明行十分助缓解驾车时紧张情绪友颔首感谢方礼貌行轻轻挥手助形成友宽容氛围前交通条件非常必现种礼貌表示认行非常罕见现司机见礼貌行似视惘然
    误礼貌样危险典型事例:司机边路突然出现车采取急刹车面交通造成危险(出现种情况)需秒钟等道路会畅通阻者会穿斑马线孩子路示意进入行车道驶车辆法时停车样鼓励老太太时横穿马路行常感奇怪:高速公路居然没屡屡出现老太太撞死交通事
    位行挑剔老司机告诉:引起交通阻塞惹怒司机前提司机学会逐插入车流助缓解交通现代驾驶员甚会学驾车更说掌握公路驾车技微妙处年前专家警告:汽车拥量突增求马路者互谅互现该项警告铭记心时候
    词汇:
    road hog 驾车乱抢路
    go a long way:to help very much in achieving sth(做某事)帮助


    Passage 2
    In the atmosphere carbon dioxide acts rather like a oneway mirror—the glass in the roof of a greenhouse which allows the sun
    ’s rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping
    According to a weather expert’s prediction the atmosphere will be 3°C warmer in the year 2050 than it is today if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate If this warming up took place the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt thus raising sea level several metres and severely flooding coastal cities Also the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere possibly resulting in an alteration of the earth’s chief foodgrowing zones
    In the past concern about a manmade warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming in other words by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels
    Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth
    However most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere where temperatures seem to be falling Scientists conclude therefore that up to now natural influences on the weather have exceeded those caused by man The question is Which natural cause has most effect on the weather
    One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and cold spots (that is the relatively less hot spots) on the sun As the sun rotates every 275 days it presents hotter or colder faces to the earth and different aspects to different parts of the earth This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of the earth’s atmospheric pressure and consequently on wind circulation The sun is also variable over a long term its heat output goes up and down in cycles the latest trend being downward
    Scientists are now finding mutual relations between models of solarweather interactions and the actual climate over many thousands of years including the last Ice Age The problem is that the models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar effects overcome the inertia(惯性)of the earth’s climate If this is right the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful countebalance to the sun’s diminishing heat

    文章结构分析
    文球气候变化然气候素两方面影响进行分析
    第四段第部分:介绍素(二氧化碳温室效应)球气候影响中分析二氧化碳会带温室效应原理(第段)带恶果(第二三段)存证明(第四段)
    第五六段第二部分:分析然素球气候影响首先指出然作气候影响素影响接着介绍太阳行变化影响气候然素
    第七段第三部分:然素素球气候作

    21It can be concluded that a concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would_____
    21 文中出:二氧化碳气中聚积________
    [A] prevent the sun’s rays from reaching the earth
    [A] 会阻止太阳光线达表

    ’s surface

    [B] mean a warming up in the Arctic
    [B] 意味着北极圈变暖
    [C] account for great changes in the climate in the northern hemisphere
    [C] 会造成北半球气候巨变化
    [D] raise the temperature of the earth’s surface
    [D] 会提高表温度
    [分析] 题考核知识点:细节推理题
    第段二氧化碳气中作类温室玻璃屋顶:允许阳光进入阻止部热量逃逸(结果球表面温度升)第二段首句直接指出燃烧产生二氧化碳会气温度升第四段指出:南极气候变化证明二氧化碳球变暖理[D]正确选项
    [A]第段容相反第五段说明北半球(包括北极圈)气温降文中法推知[B][C]错误片面性第五段指出:产生二氧化碳北半球温度升反降:然素北半球气候影响素北半球气候变化然素素作结果

    22 The article was written to explain________
    22 作者利文解释___________
    [A] the greenhouse effect
    [A] 温室效应
    [B] the solar effects on the earth
    [B] 太阳球影响
    [C] the models of solarweather interactions
    [C] 太阳——天气互动模式
    [D] the causes affecting weather
    [D] 影响气候原
    [分析] 题考核知识点:文章旨题
    解答文章旨题需全文综合理解文第四段素(温室效应)天气影响第五六段然素(太阳行变化)天气影响段素然素球气候作[D]恰选项
    [A][B][C] 错误片面性[A]影响气候素[B][C]涉影响气候然素

    23 Although the fuel consumption is greater in the northern hemisphere temperatures there seem to be falling This is___________
    23北半球然燃料消耗量较温度降__________
    [A] mainly because the levels of carbon dioxide are rising
    [A] 二氧化碳含量升
    [B] possibly because the ice caps in the poles are melting
    [B] 极冰盖融化
    [C] exclusively due to the effect of the inertia of the earth’s climate
    [C] 完全球气候惯性效应
    [D] partly due to variations in the output of solar energy
    [D] 部分原太阳释放变化
    [分析] 题考核知识点:果细节题
    第五段第二句指出北半球燃料燃烧产生二氧化碳气温升反降:迄止然素影响胜素第六段进步指出球气候变化影响然素太阳行变化:太阳运转影响风流(wind circulaltion)太阳量释放呈周期性变化太阳释放变化北半球气温降原[D]正确选项
    二氧化碳含量升导致结果气温升[A]正确[B]中生:文中没提极冰盖融化北半球气温降间联系根常识排[C]错误:误抑制素成形成素第五六段知北半球温度降原然素(尤太阳行)影响段倒数第二句指出:球气候惯性太阳效应相反程应球变冷起抑制作外
    exclusively 绝暗示正确选项年考题已避免留考生样线索

    24 On the basis of their models scientists are of the opinion that________
    24 科学家基模式出观点______
    [A] the climate of the world should be becoming cooler
    [A] 世界气候应该正变冷
    [B] it will take thousands of years for the inertia of the earth’s climate to take effect
    [B] 球气候惯性发挥效应需千年时间
    [C] the manmade warming effect helps to increase the solar effects
    [C] 造成变暖效应助增加太阳效应
    [D] the new Ice Age will be delayed by the greenhouse effect
    [D] 温室效应会延缓新冰川时代(出现)
    [分析]题考核知识点:文中物观点推理题
    第七段第二句说明:科学家基太阳——天气互动模式预测出世界现应该正进入冰川时代[A]正确选项
    [B]错误第七段第三句理解错误该句说明太阳效应克服球气候惯性效应非球气候惯性发生效应[C]原文容相反文句说明:目前二氧化碳温室效应太阳效应产生抵消作(counterbalance)第七段第三句说明:延迟新冰川时代素球气候惯性作[D]正确

    25 If the assumption about the delay of a new Ice Age is correct ___________
    25 新冰川时代延迟假定成立____
    [A] the best way to overcome the cooling effect would be to burn more fuels
    [A] 克服变冷效应方法烧更燃料
    [B]ice would soon cover the northern hemisphere
    [B] 北半球快会冰覆盖
    [C] the increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere could warm up the earth even more quickly
    [C]气中二氧化碳含量升高会球变暖速度加快
    [D] the greenhouse effect could work to the advantage of the earth
    [D] 温室效应会球利
    [分析]题考核知识点:文中细节推理题
    文中句说明:假说(关冰川时代延迟)正确温室效应球进入新冰川时代起遏制作疑利球面[D]正确选项
    [A]度引申文中仅仅提气温度升助抵消太阳热量减少燃烧燃料否文中未提[B]错误:北半球冰覆盖冰川时代延迟结果冰川时代果[C]属逻辑错误:冰川时代延迟然二氧化碳温室效关球否会更快(even more)变暖文中未提



    全文翻译
    气中二氧化碳作类似单反射镜——温室玻璃屋顶允许太阳光线进入时防止部热量散失
    根气象专家预测类继续前速度燃烧燃料2050年气层会现温度升高3℃旦种温室效应真发生极冰盖会开始融化海面升达米线城市出现严重洪水灾害外气温度升会北半球气候产生巨变化导致世界产粮区改变
    关注造成全球变暖北极影响南极圈北极圈冷冰层厚现气候专家开始更注意力放西南极圈─—度升温(换言未五十年燃料燃烧造成升温)足影响该区
    卫星图表明:南极圈中片区域已开始消失现证表明:温室效应已发生二氧化碳球变暖理相符
    燃料燃烧北半球温度升反降科学家出结:迄止然素天气影响胜素问题种然素天气影响
    种太阳行变化某研究站气象学家已太阳热点冷点(相较冷方)进行研究太阳旋转时275天周期球方展示热点冷点方面似球气压力分布相影响影响风流时太阳做长期变化:热量释放呈升——降交变化呈降趋势
    科学家现发现太阳——天气互动模式实际气候千年间变化(包括冰川时代)间联系问题 基种模式预测世界现应该正进入新冰川时代实际没理难题解决方法:假定太阳效应克服球气候惯性效应需千年时间假定正确二氧化碳温室效应会助抵消太阳热量减少趋势


    Passage 3
    Some people believe that international sport creates goodwill between the nations and that if countries play games together they will learn to live together Others say that the opposite is true that international contests encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred There is probably some truth in both arguments but in recent years the Olympic Games have done little to support the view that sports encourages international brotherhood Not only was there the tragic incident involving the murder of athletes but the Games were also ruined by lesser incidents caused principally by minor national contests
    One country received its secondplace medals with visible indignation after the hockey(曲棍球)final There had been noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match the losers objecting to the final decisions They were convinced that one of their goals should not have been disallowed and that their opponents’victory was unfair Their manager was in a rage when he saidThis wasn’t hockey Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished The president of the Federation said later that such behavior could result in the suspension of the team for at least three years
    The American basketball team announced that they would not yield first place to Russia after a disputable end to their contest The game had ended in disturbance It was thought at first that the United States had won by a single point but it was announced that there were three seconds still to play A Russian player then threw the ball from one end of the court to the other and another player popped it into the basket It was the first time the
    USA had ever lost an Olympic basketball match An appeal jury debated the matter for four and a half hours before announcing that the result would stand The American players then voted not to receive the silver medals
    Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played competitively rather than for the love of the game The suggestion that athletes should compete as individuals or in nonnational teams might be too much to hope for But in the present organization of the Olympics there is far too much that encourages aggressive patriotism

    文章总体结构分析

    文指出国际体育赛事中存着太令快事件原进行分析基础提出建议
    第段第部分:通两种截然观点引出作者奥运会否促进国际友谊法
    第二三段第二部分:举出曲棍球赛篮球赛中出现令快情况两例子
    第四段第三部分:分析国际体育赛事中出现事件原:赛出竞争出运动热爱奥运会组织方式分强调攻击性爱国精神

    26 According to the author recent Olympic Games have _______
    26 作者认奥运会________
    [A] created goodwill between the nations
    [A] 形成国家间友(关系)
    [B] bred only false national pride
    [B] 滋生虚假国家豪感
    [C] barely showed any international friendship
    [C] 没表现出国际友谊
    [D] led to more and more misunderstanding and hatred
    [D] 导致越越误解憎恨
    [分析] 题考核知识点:文中细节理解
    解题需正确理解第段段中作者首先通some people believe others say that摆出两种立观点然引出观点接着事实进步证明观点题正确选项应该段第三四句第三句指出:奥运会法支持运动够促进国家间兄弟情谊观点[C]该句种表达正确选项brotherhood指friendship
    [A] [B][D] 源第段第二句非作者观点some people others 观点

    27What did the manager mean by saying Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished
    27 位理说Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished想表达什意思?
    [A] His team would no longer take part in international games
    [A] 队伍会参加国际赛
    [B]Hockey and the Federation are both ruined by the unfair decisions
    [B] 公正决定仅毁曲棍球毁国际曲棍球联盟
    [C]There should be no more hockey matches organized by the Federation
    [C] 国际曲棍球联盟应该组织曲棍球赛
    [D] The Federation should be dissolved
    [D] 曲棍球联盟应该解散

    [分析] 题考核知识点:根文理解文中物话语意思
    理解句关键are finished 正确理解文中意思 毁完蛋 This wasn’t hockey 说明该理认场赛已称真正曲棍球赛公正决定已毁曲棍球外句子结构说明:曲棍球国际曲棍球联盟are finished点完全相选项中[B]二者放列位置[B]正确选项
    该理话语中没提international gamesno more hockey matches排[A] [C]根面句子结构分析[D]正确 hockey should be dissolved应该正确句显然合逻辑排[D]

    28 The basketball example implied that______
    28 篮球事例说明__________
    [A] too much patriotism was displayed in the incident
    [A] 事件中表现出爱国义
    [B] the announcement to prolong the match was wrong
    [B] 宣布赛延时错误
    [C] the appeal jury was too hesitant in making the decision
    [C] 裁判委员会做决定时分犹豫
    [D] the American team was right in rejecting the silver medals
    [D] 美国队拒绝接受银牌做法
    [分析]题考核知识点:写作目题
    理解文中事例写作目作者观点段中指出作者认目前奥运会组织方式鼓励爱国义情绪恰恰造成国际体育赛事中麻烦断根源[A]选项符合作者观点外事件身细节中找线索描写事件第三段第句指出:结果出美国篮球队表示会俄国队服输第五句指出:第次美国奥运会篮球赛中输球段句指出:队员投票结果拒绝接受银牌细节表明:队员分重赛胜负非源原篮球队作国家代表作者观点事件细节分析[A]正确选项
    [B]错误prolong词:文中没说明裁判宣布延长赛真剩三分钟[C][D]错误:文中裁判委员会决定美国篮球队做法进行客观描述没进行评

    29 The author gives the two examples in paragraphs 2 and 3 to show____________
    29 作者利第二三段两例子表明___________
    [A] how false national pride led to undesirable incidents in international games
    [A] 虚假民族豪感导致国际赛中良事件产生
    [B] that sportsmen have been more obedient than they used to be
    [B] 运动员已前服性
    [C] that competitiveness in the games discourages international friendship
    [C] 赛中竞争阻碍国际友谊(形成)
    [D] that unfair decisions are common in Olympic Games
    [D] 奥运会中公决定非常普遍
    [分析]题考核知识点:写作目题
    认识两例子文中作需理解文章旨文第第四段知作者观点:赛中表现出竞争性利国际友谊形成正第二三段举两例子说明[C]正确选项
    [A]错误偏离文章容文中没通讨运动员心理分析事件形成具体程说明虚假民族尊心导致国际赛中出现良事件相反文良事件出发产生事件原进行分析[B]明显文中容相反作者举例想说明竞争性公决定排[D]
    外需指出28题29题间存强关联性会定程度影响试题效度年考题中已量避免种情况

    30 What conclusion can be drawn from the passage
    30 文中项结?
    [A]The organization of the Olympic Games must be improved
    [A] 必须奥运会组织方式加改善
    [B]Athletes should compete as individuals in the Olympic Games
    [B] 奥运会中运动员应该作参赛
    [C] Sport should be played competitively rather than for the love of the game
    [C] 参加运动应该出竞争出运动热爱
    [D]International contests are liable for misunderstanding between nations
    [D] 国际赛易形成国家间误解
    [分析] 题考核知识点:段理解推理题
    文章句指出作者认目前奥运会组织方式鼓励进攻性爱国义(导致赛中常出现良事件)推出:(减少类事件发生)必须进行改进[A]正确选项
    段倒数第二句…might be too much to hope for说明作者认求运动员名义参加赛太现实[B]正确 [C]原文容相反文章段第句说明:赛目出竞争出运动热爱造成体育赛中良事件根源作者[C]持否定态度[D]错误没意识:国际赛身造成国家间误解原国际赛组织方式存问题

    全文翻译

    认国际性体育赛事够促进国家间友谊果国起参赛够学会彼处外持相反观点:国际赛鼓动虚假民族豪感生成(国家间)误解仇恨两种观点道理年奥运会法支持运动够促进国际友谊观点奥运会中仅出现谋杀运动员悲剧事件损坏奥运会形象事件发生者参赛国家间方面相互较劲引起
    曲棍球决赛某国带着明显愤怒情绪接受银牌场曲棍球结束时候赛场度非常嘈杂失败方拒绝接受终裁决认(裁判)应该判进球效判方获胜公理发脾气说:根曲棍球曲棍球国际曲棍球协会完蛋国际曲棍球协会席说种行该队禁赛三年
    场争议赛结束美国篮球队宣布会第名位置俄国该赛混乱中结束开始()认美国队1分优势获胜(裁判)宣布三秒赛结束俄国队球员刻球场端抛端球员扣入篮中史美国队第次没奥运会篮球赛中夺冠裁判委员会进行时四半时争宣布维持原结果美国队员投票决定拒绝接受银牌
    出竞争目非出体育热爱进行赛类事件会继续发生()建议队员名义非国家队形式组队参赛该建议太现实目前奥运会组织方式确实鼓励攻击性爱国情绪
    Part B

    Directions

    Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese(15 points)

    Intelligence at best is an assumptive construct—the meaning of the word has never been clear 31) There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them But it is generally agreed that a person of high intelligence is one who can grasp ideas readily make distinctions reason logically and make use of verbal and mathematical symbols in solving problems An intelligence test is a rough measure of a child’s capacity for learning particularly for learning the kinds of things required in school It does not measure character social adjustment physical endurance manual skills or artistic abilities It is not supposed to—it was not designed for such purposes 32) To criticize it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity
    The other thing we have to notice is that the assessment of the intelligence of any subject is essentially a comparative affair
    33) Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a valid or fair comparison It is here that some of the difficulties which interest us begin Any test performed involves at least three factors the intention to do one’s best the knowledge required for understanding what you have to do and the intellectual ability to do it 34) The first two must be equal for all who are being compared if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made In school populations in our culture these assumptions can be made fair and reasonable and the value of intelligence testing has been proved thoroughly Its value lies of course in its providing a satisfactory basis for prediction No one is in the least interested in the marks a little child gets on his test What we are interested in is whether we can conclude from his mark on the test that the child will do better or worse than other children of his age at tasks which we think require general intelligence 35) On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed

    31 [解析] 题考核知识点:较句分词做置定语译法
    该句干 there is more agreement on…than there is (agreement) on… 较双方the agreement on the kinds of behavior the agreement on how to interpret or classify themreferred to by the term分词短语做置定语修饰behaviorHow to interpret or classify them代疑问词定式结构做介词on 宾语
    词汇:interpret 译解释 Classify 译…进行分类
    标准译文:智力词指种表现意见较致表现解释分类法

    32[解析] 题考核知识点:代词指代类句定式做语译法
    该句干 To criticize …for…is comparable to criticizing…for…Criticize…for…直译:…批评…更符合汉语表达惯译:批评……it 指文提intelligence testSuch failure指文提the failure to measure character…artistic abilities be comparable to表示类译:类似
    标准译文:批评智力测试反映述情况犹批评温度计测风速样

    33 [解析]题考核知识点:原状语句宾语句定语句译法
    句干:we must be sure that…句首now since…matter原状语句that the scale …provides a … comparisonbe sure接宾语句中with which引导定语句修饰语名词the scale
    标准译文:然智力评估较言必须确保象进行较时尺度提供效公较

    34 [解析] 题考核知识点:动句条件状语句定语句翻译
    句干the first two must be equal for all…if…be made 条件状语句who are being compared定语句修饰先行词all
    标准译文:果智力方面进行较话较者说前两素必须样

    35 [解析] 题考核知识点:动句条件状语句定语句the same as 形成句译法
    句干: …such a conclusion can be drawn…but only if …and only if两列条件句表示句成立必须满足两前提两条件句中分嵌套定语句with whom he is being comparedwhich they possessed修饰先行词the otherinformation
    标准译文:总说出种结定握前提必须两假定成立:孩子测试态度相较孩子测试态度相没缺乏孩子已掌握关知识扣分

    参考译文

    智力充量假设性概念智力含义模糊(31)智力词指种表现意见较致表现解释分类法普遍认智力高指够迅速领会思想区分事物进行逻辑推理运文字数字符号解决问题智力测验粗略衡量童学力尤学学校求种知识力智力测验测定性社会适应力身体耐力手工技艺术设计初衷非测定方面(32)批评智力测试反映述情况犹批评温度计测风速样
      注意件事测试象智力评估较言
      (33)然智力评估较言必须确保象进行较时尺度提供效公较正基点产生关注问题
    进行测试少包含三素:力考意理解考试求需知识做件事情需智(34)果智力方面进行较话较者说前两素必须样文化培养学生中述设想公合理完全证明智力测试价值价值然预测提供令满意没会童测试中取分数感兴趣感兴趣否测试成绩中出结:龄相童完成认需般智力务时会做更更差(35)总说出种结定握前提必须两假定成立:孩子测试态度相较孩子测试态度相没缺乏孩子已掌握关知识扣分

    Section Ⅲ Writing(15points)

    Directions
    ATitle FOR A BETTER UNDERSTANDING BETWEEN PARENT AND CHILD
    BTime limit40 minutes
    CWord limit120150 words (not including the given opening sentence)
    DYour composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the given opening sentence
    EYour composition must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET
    OUTLINE
    1Present situation Lack of communication between parent and child
    2Possible reasons
    1) Different likes and dislikes 2)Misunderstanding3)Others
    3Suggestions
    For parents2) For children

    审题谋篇

    材料中出明确出段容提纲没提供题句先根提纲确定题句第段题句:Nowadays there is often a lack of understanding between parent and child 第二段题句:there are some possible reasons for the present situation 第三段题句:To bridge this generation gap in my opinion both parent and child should make an effort
    题句确定应该考虑段展开方式第段说明父母子女间缺乏交流该段展开通描述lack of understanding生活中表现父母觉子女行怪异子女嫌父母太老派第二段分析现象背原通列举法进行探讨注意:面纷繁复杂原着性子说应该提纲点展开讨说必须讨两代喜误解两方面原置发挥部分留others中进行 特misunderstanding 部分继续挖掘原竞争激烈天两代缺少足够时间进行交流第三段中分父母子女提出建议改变现状文中应该暗示:作子女应该做出更努力

    参考范文
    Nowadays there is often a lack of understanding between parent and child Parents often complain about their children's unreasonable behavior while children usually think their parents too oldfashioned There is a big generationgap formed between parent and his or her dearest child
         There are some possible reasons for the present situation The most obvious one is that the two generations having grown up at different times have different likes and dislikes for the things around them and thus have little in common to talk about Also parents and children due to the misunderstanding between them may even feel it uncomfortable to sit face to face with each other talking Besides with the quick pace of modern life both parent and child are too busy to spare enough time to exchange ideas even if they find it necessary to communicate As a result the gap between them is growing wider and wider
         To bridge this socalled generation gap in my opinion both parent and child should make an effort The children should respect their seniors The older generation on the other hand should show solicitude for the young As for their differences both generations should make allowance for each other If they will take the first step by actually talking to one another it won't be long before the arrival of a better understanding between parent and child


    范文点评
    总体分析:
    文章紧扣题目求层次分明段落衔接紧凑结构完整
    第段利while 列举双方满结构简洁紧凑时避免句式单句第段浑然体
    第二段注意求部分 different likes and dislikesmisunderstanding讨 others定发挥容充实层次分明
    第三段强调两代应该做出努力:需化差异求互相包容短短76字容丰富意见中肯

    语言亮点:
    Parents often complain about their children's unreasonable behavior while children usually think their parents too oldfashioned While形成句结构紧凑时避免句式单
    a big generationgap formed :形成巨代沟
    having grown up at different times 现分词短语应表达简洁结构落俗套
    make an effort:做出努力
    senior:the old委婉表达
    show solicitude for: 关怀…
    make allowance for each other:彼包容




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