2011年考研英语真题
Section I Use of English
Directions
Read the following text Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A] B] C] or D] on ANSWER SHEET 1 (10 points)
Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as a bodily exercise precious to health But __1___some claims to the contrary laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does __2___shortterm changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels ___3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__ a good laugh is unlikely to have __5___ benefits the way say walking or jogging does
__6__ instead of straining muscles to build them as exercise does laughter apparently accomplishes the __7__ studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter__8___ muscles decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down
Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9__the effects of psychological stress Anyway the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ___10___ feedback that improve an individual’s emotional state __11____one classical theory of emotion our feelings are partially rooted ____12___ physical reactions It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ___13___they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow
Although sadness also ____14___ tears evidence suggests that emotions can flow __15___ muscular responses In an experiment published in 1988social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __16___ a pen either with their teeththereby creating an artificial smile – or with their lips which would produce a(n) __17___ expression Those forced to exercise their enthusiastically to funny catoons than did those whose months were contracted in a frown ____19___ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around __20__ the physical act of laughter could improve mood
1A]among B]except C]despite D]like
2A]reflect B]demand C]indicate D]produce
3A]stabilizing B]boosting C]impairing D]determining
4A]transmit B]sustain C]evaluate D]observe
5A]measurable B]manageable C]affordable D]renewable
6A]In turn B]In fact C]In addition D]In brief
7A]opposite B]impossible C]average D]expected
8A]hardens B]weakens C]tightens D]relaxes
9A]aggravate B]generate C]moderate D]enhance
10A]physical B]mental C]subconscious D]internal
11A]Except for B]According to C]Due to D]As for
12A]with B]on C]in D]at
13A]unless B]until C]if D]because
14A]exhausts B]follows C]precedes D]suppresses
15A]into B]from C]towards D]beyond
16A]fetch B]bite C]pick D]hold
17A]disappointed B]excited C]joyful D]indifferent
18A]adapted B]catered C]turned D]reacted
19A]suggesting B]requiring C]mentioning D]supposing
20A]Eventually B]Consequently C]Similarly D]Conversely
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions
Read the following four texts Answer the questions below each text by choosing A] B] C] or D] Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (40 points)
Text 1
The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classicalmusic world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009 For the most part the response has been favorable to say the least Hooray At last wrote Anthony Tommasini a sobersided classicalmusic critic
One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise however is that Gilbert is comparatively little known Even Tommasini who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Times calls him an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise
For my part I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one To be sure he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall or anywhere else to hear interesting orchestral music All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes
Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point For the time attention and money of the artloving public classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses dance troupes theater companies and museums but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century There recordings are cheap available everywhere and very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s live performances moreover they can be consumed at a time and place of the listener’s choosing The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert
One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record Gilbert’s own interest in new music has been widely noted Alex Ross a classicalmusic critic has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into a markedly different more vibrant organization But what will be the nature of that difference Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed they must first change the relationship between America’s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract
21 We learn from Para1 that Gilbert’s appointment has
A]incurred criticism
B]raised suspicion
C]received acclaim
D]aroused curiosity
22 Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is
A]influential
B]modest
C]respectable
D]talented
23 The author believes that the devoted concertgoers
A]ignore the expenses of live performances
B]reject most kinds of recorded performances
C]exaggerate the variety of live performances
D]overestimate the value of live performances
24 According to the text which of the following is true of recordings
A]They are often inferior to live concerts in quality
B]They are easily accessible to the general public
C]They help improve the quality of music
D]They have only covered masterpieces
25 Regarding Gilbert’s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic the author feels
A]doubtful
B]enthusiastic
C]confident
D]puzzled
Text 2
When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August his explanation was surprisingly straight up Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses he came right out and said he was leaving to pursue my goal of running a company Broadcasting his ambition was very much my decision McGee says Within two weeks he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group which named him CEO and chairman on September 29
McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations And McGee isn’t alone In recent weeks the No2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure executives who don’t get the nod also may wish to move on A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations
As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net In the third quarter CEO turnover was down 23 from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had according to Liberum Research As the economy picks up opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders
The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached Says KornFerry senior partner Dennis CareyI can’t think of a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first
Those who jumped without a job haven’t always landed in top positions quickly Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age saying she wanted to be a CEO It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internetbased commodities exchange Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later
Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one The traditional rule was it’s safer to stay where you are but that’s been fundamentally inverted says one headhunter The people who’ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long
26 When McGee announced his departure his manner can best be described as being
A]arrogant
B]frank
C]selfcentered
D]impulsive
27 According to Paragraph 2 senior executives’ quitting may be spurred by
A]their expectation of better financial status
B]their need to reflect on their private life
C]their strained relations with the boards
D]their pursuit of new career goals
28 The word poached (Line 3 Paragraph 4) most probably means
A]approved of
B]attended to
C]hunted for
D]guarded against
29 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that
A]top performers used to cling to their posts
B]loyalty of top performers is getting outdated
C]top performers care more about reputations
D]it’s safer to stick to the traditional rules
30 Which of the following is the best title for the text
A]CEOs Where to Go
B]CEOs All the Way Up
C]Top Managers Jump without a Net
D]The Only Way Out for Top Performers
Text 3
The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for No longer While traditional paid media – such as television commercials and print advertisements – still play a major role companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media Consumers passionate about a product may create owned media by sending email alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media
Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products For earned media such marketers act as the initiator for users’ responses But in some cases one marketer’s owned media become another marketer’s paid media – for instance when an ecommerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or ecommerce engines within that environment This trend which we believe is still in its infancy effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further Johnson & Johnson for example has created BabyCenter a standalone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products Besides generating income the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies’ marketing and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned
The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker more visible and much more damaging ways Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers other stakeholders or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product Members of social networks for instance are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them
If that happens passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products putting the reputation of the target company at risk In such a case the company’s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful and the learning curve has been steep Toyota Motor for example alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and wellorchestrated socialmedia response campaign which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the socialnews site Digg
31Consumers may create earned media when they are
A] obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites
B] inspired by productpromoting emails sent to them
C] eager to help their friends promote quality products
D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products
32 According to Paragraph 2sold media feature
A] a safe business environment
B] random competition
C] strong user traffic
D] flexibility in organization
33 The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media
A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers
B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing
C] may be responsible for fiercer competition
D] deserve all the negative comments about them
34 Toyota Motor’s experience is cited as an example of
A] responding effectively to hijacked media
B] persuading customers into boycotting products
C] cooperating with supportive consumers
D] taking advantage of hijacked media
35 Which of the following is the text mainly about
A] Alternatives to conventional paid media
B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media
C] Dominance of hijacked media
D] Popularity of owned media
Text 4
It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful provocative magazine cover story I love My Children I Hate My Life is arousing much chatter – nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling lifeenriching experience Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by momenttomoment joy we should consider being happy as a pasttense condition Even though the daytoday experience of raising kids can be soulcrushingly hard Senior writes that the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight
The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonnaandchild image on newsstands this week There are also stories about newly adoptive – and newly single – mom Sandra Bullock as well as the usual Jennifer Aniston is pregnant news Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom or momtobe smiling on the newsstands
In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kittenkilling It doesn’t seem quite fair then to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the children Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping babysize holes in their lives
Of course the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples single parents are the least happy of all No shock there considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it raising a kid on their own (read with roundtheclock help) is a piece of cake
It’s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stressfree happinessenhancing parenthood aren’t in some small subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting the Rachel might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston
36Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring
Atemporary delight
B]enjoyment in progress
C]happiness in retrospect
D]lasting reward
37We learn from Paragraph 2 that
A]celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip
B]single mothers with babies deserve greater attention
C]news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining
D]having children is highly valued by the public
38It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks
A]are constantly exposed to criticism
B]are largely ignored by the media
C]fail to fulfill their social responsibilities
D]are less likely to be satisfied with their life
39According to Paragraph 4 the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is
A]soothing
B]ambiguous
C]compensatory
D]misleading
40Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph
A]Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms
B]Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing
C]Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life
D]We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing
Part B
Directions
The following paragraph are given in a wrong order For Questions 4145 you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list AG to filling them into the numbered boxes Paragraphs E and G have been correctly placed Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (10 points)
A] No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities You can Mr Menand points out became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years Not surprisingly up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees
B] His concern is mainly with the humanities Literature languages philosophy and so on These are disciplines that are going out of style 22 of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2 in history and 4 in English However many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should posses But most find it difficult to agree on what a general education should look like At Harvard Mr Menand notes the great books are read because they have been readthey form a sort of social glue
C] Equally unsurprisingly only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school There are simply too few posts This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs But fewer students want to study humanities subjects English departments awarded more bachelor’s degrees in 197071 than they did 20 years later Fewer students requires fewer teachers So at the end of a decade of theseswriting many humanities students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained
D] One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they can cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberalarts educations and professional education should be kept separate taught in different schools Many students experience both varieties Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law medicine or business future doctors and lawyers must study a nonspecialist liberalarts degree before embarking on a professional qualification
E] Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation top American universities have professionalised the professor The growth in public money for academic research has speeded the process federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960and 1990 but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its toll Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career as late as 1969a third of American professors did not possess one But the key idea behind professionalisation argues Mr Menand is that the knowledge and skills needed for a particular specialization are transmissible but not transferableSo disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge but also over the production of the producers of knowledge
F] The key to reforming higher education concludes Mr Menand is to alter the way in which the producers of knowledge are producedOtherwise academics will continue to think dangerously alike increasingly detached from the societies which they study investigate and criticizeAcademic inquiry at least in some fields may need to become less exclusionary and more holisticYet quite how that happens Mr Menand dose not say
G] The subtle and intelligent little book The Marketplace of Ideas Reform and Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree They may then decide to go elsewhere For something curious has been happening in American Universities and Louis Menand a professor of English at Harvard University captured it skillfully
G → 41 →42 → E →43 →44 →45
Part C
Directions
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2 (10 points)
With its theme that Mind is the master weaver creating our inner character and outer circumstances the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an indepth exploration of the central idea of selfhelp writing
(46) Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all sharethat because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughtsand reveal its erroneous nature Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless this allows us to think one way and act another However Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind and (47) while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone in reality we are continually faced with a question Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that
Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire Allen concluded We do not attract what we want but what we are Achievement happens because you as a person embody the external achievement you don’t get success but become it There is no gap between mind and matter
＼Part of the fame of Allen’s book is its contention that Circumstances do not make a person they reveal him (48) This seems a justification for neglect of those in need and a rationalization of exploitation of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom
This however would be a kneejerk reaction to a subtle argument Each set of circumstances however bad offers a unique opportunity for growth If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people then humanity would never have progressed In fat (49)circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been wronged then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation Nevertheless as any biographer knows a person’s early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual
The sobering aspect of Allen’s book is that we have no one else to blame for our present condition except ourselves (50) The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us where before we were experts in the array of limitations now we become authorities of what is possible
Section Ⅲ Writing
Part A
51 Directions
Write a letter to a friend of yours to
1) recommend one of your favorite movies and
2) give reasons for your recommendation
Your should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2
Do not sign your own name at the end of the leter User LI MING instead
Do not writer the address(10 points)
Part B
52 Directions
Write an essay of 160200 words based on the following drawing In your essay you should
1) describe the drawing briefly
2) explain it’s intended meaning and
3) give your comments
Your should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2 (20 points)
2011年考研英语真题参考答案
客观题
Section I Use of English
CDBBA BADCA BCDCB DADAC
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
DBDBA BDCAC DCBAA CCDDB
Part B
41B 42D 43A 44C 45F
翻译题：
46艾伦贡献提供分担揭示错误性质假设机器够控制理想
47单独通意识维持控制感觉实际直面着问题什完成件事情件事情
48似必时忽视正名合理说明剥削顶层优越感处层劣势感
49环境似发挥优势果感觉受委屈意识做出努力逃离原处境
50正面处样位置知道事情取决前受系列限制专家现成权威
作文
51 Directions
Write a letter to a friend of yours to
1) recommend one of your favorite movies and
2) give reasons for your recommendation
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter UseLi Minginstead
Do not write the address(10points)
作文范文：
Dear friends
I am writing without hesitation to share one of my favorite movies If You Are The One with you which is not only conducive to your study but also beneficial to your life
For one thing it’s storyline is very tight and characters＇ language is classic and thoughtprovoking For another thing the profound cultural elements implicit in the scene will equip you with profound cultural background and above all enrich your daily life
Would you like to see this movie after my recommendation Remember to tell me your opinion about the movie I am looking forward to your early reply
Yours
Li Ming
52Direction
Write an essay of 160200words based on the following drawing In your essay you should
1) describe the drawing briefly
2) explain its intended measing and
3) give your comments
You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2(20points)
Our surroundings are being polluted fast and man＇s present efforts cannot prevent it Time is bringing us more people and more people will bring us more industry more cars larger cities and the growing use of manmade materials The drawing sets us thinking too much due to its farreaching influence
Nowadays though the awareness of protecting environment is being accepted by more and more people we can still see many unpleasant scenes especially in scenic spots Why does this phenomenon arise Many factors are accounting for it First and foremost to some people the consciousness of protecting environment is still not so strong They may not think it is a big deal to throw rubbish everywhere In addition the environmental management system isn’t so satisfying For example in some places there’re few regulations or the implementation is seldom performed actually
From what has been discussed above it is urgent to take some effective and relative measures In the first place we should continue to conduct more propaganda in communities and schools so as to let people realize the importance of protecting environment In the second more rules should be made and carried out by the government to restrain the conduction of destroying environment People should work together to create clean and beautiful surroundings
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Section I Use of English
Directions
Read the following text Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A] B] C] or D] on ANSWER SHEET 1 (10 points)
Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as a bodily exercise precious to health But __1___some claims to the contrary laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does __2___shortterm changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels ___3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__ a good laugh is unlikely to have __5___ benefits the way say walking or jogging does
__6__ instead of straining muscles to build them as exercise does laughter apparently accomplishes the __7__ studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter__8___ muscles decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down
Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9__the effects of psychological stress Anyway the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ___10___ feedback that improve an individual’s emotional state __11____one classical theory of emotion our feelings are partially rooted ____12___ physical reactions It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ___13___they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow
Although sadness also ____14___ tears evidence suggests that emotions can flow __15___ muscular responses In an experiment published in 1988social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __16___ a pen either with their teeththereby creating an artificial smile – or with their lips which would produce a(n) __17___ expression Those forced to exercise their enthusiastically to funny catoons than did those whose months were contracted in a frown ____19___ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around __20__ the physical act of laughter could improve mood
1A]among B]except C]despite D]like
2A]reflect B]demand C]indicate D]produce
3A]stabilizing B]boosting C]impairing D]determining
4A]transmit B]sustain C]evaluate D]observe
5A]measurable B]manageable C]affordable D]renewable
6A]In turn B]In fact C]In addition D]In brief
7A]opposite B]impossible C]average D]expected
8A]hardens B]weakens C]tightens D]relaxes
9A]aggravate B]generate C]moderate D]enhance
10A]physical B]mental C]subconscious D]internal
11A]Except for B]According to C]Due to D]As for
12A]with B]on C]in D]at
13A]unless B]until C]if D]because
14A]exhausts B]follows C]precedes D]suppresses
15A]into B]from C]towards D]beyond
16A]fetch B]bite C]pick D]hold
17A]disappointed B]excited C]joyful D]indifferent
18A]adapted B]catered C]turned D]reacted
19A]suggesting B]requiring C]mentioning D]supposing
20A]Eventually B]Consequently C]Similarly D]Conversely
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions
Read the following four texts Answer the questions below each text by choosing A] B] C] or D] Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (40 points)
Text 1
The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classicalmusic world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009 For the most part the response has been favorable to say the least Hooray At last wrote Anthony Tommasini a sobersided classicalmusic critic
One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise however is that Gilbert is comparatively little known Even Tommasini who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Times calls him an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise
For my part I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one To be sure he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall or anywhere else to hear interesting orchestral music All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes
Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point For the time attention and money of the artloving public classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses dance troupes theater companies and museums but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century There recordings are cheap available everywhere and very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s live performances moreover they can be consumed at a time and place of the listener’s choosing The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert
One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record Gilbert’s own interest in new music has been widely noted Alex Ross a classicalmusic critic has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into a markedly different more vibrant organization But what will be the nature of that difference Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed they must first change the relationship between America’s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract
21 We learn from Para1 that Gilbert’s appointment has
A]incurred criticism
B]raised suspicion
C]received acclaim
D]aroused curiosity
22 Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is
A]influential
B]modest
C]respectable
D]talented
23 The author believes that the devoted concertgoers
A]ignore the expenses of live performances
B]reject most kinds of recorded performances
C]exaggerate the variety of live performances
D]overestimate the value of live performances
24 According to the text which of the following is true of recordings
A]They are often inferior to live concerts in quality
B]They are easily accessible to the general public
C]They help improve the quality of music
D]They have only covered masterpieces
25 Regarding Gilbert’s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic the author feels
A]doubtful
B]enthusiastic
C]confident
D]puzzled
Text 2
When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August his explanation was surprisingly straight up Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses he came right out and said he was leaving to pursue my goal of running a company Broadcasting his ambition was very much my decision McGee says Within two weeks he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group which named him CEO and chairman on September 29
McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations And McGee isn’t alone In recent weeks the No2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure executives who don’t get the nod also may wish to move on A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations
As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net In the third quarter CEO turnover was down 23 from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had according to Liberum Research As the economy picks up opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders
The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached Says KornFerry senior partner Dennis CareyI can’t think of a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first
Those who jumped without a job haven’t always landed in top positions quickly Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age saying she wanted to be a CEO It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internetbased commodities exchange Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later
Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one The traditional rule was it’s safer to stay where you are but that’s been fundamentally inverted says one headhunter The people who’ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long
26 When McGee announced his departure his manner can best be described as being
A]arrogant
B]frank
C]selfcentered
D]impulsive
27 According to Paragraph 2 senior executives’ quitting may be spurred by
A]their expectation of better financial status
B]their need to reflect on their private life
C]their strained relations with the boards
D]their pursuit of new career goals
28 The word poached (Line 3 Paragraph 4) most probably means
A]approved of
B]attended to
C]hunted for
D]guarded against
29 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that
A]top performers used to cling to their posts
B]loyalty of top performers is getting outdated
C]top performers care more about reputations
D]it’s safer to stick to the traditional rules
30 Which of the following is the best title for the text
A]CEOs Where to Go
B]CEOs All the Way Up
C]Top Managers Jump without a Net
D]The Only Way Out for Top Performers
Text 3
The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for No longer While traditional paid media – such as television commercials and print advertisements – still play a major role companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media Consumers passionate about a product may create owned media by sending email alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media
Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products For earned media such marketers act as the initiator for users’ responses But in some cases one marketer’s owned media become another marketer’s paid media – for instance when an ecommerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or ecommerce engines within that environment This trend which we believe is still in its infancy effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further Johnson & Johnson for example has created BabyCenter a standalone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products Besides generating income the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies’ marketing and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned
The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker more visible and much more damaging ways Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers other stakeholders or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product Members of social networks for instance are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them
If that happens passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products putting the reputation of the target company at risk In such a case the company’s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful and the learning curve has been steep Toyota Motor for example alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and wellorchestrated socialmedia response campaign which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the socialnews site Digg
31Consumers may create earned media when they are
A] obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites
B] inspired by productpromoting emails sent to them
C] eager to help their friends promote quality products
D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products
32 According to Paragraph 2sold media feature
A] a safe business environment
B] random competition
C] strong user traffic
D] flexibility in organization
33 The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media
A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers
B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing
C] may be responsible for fiercer competition
D] deserve all the negative comments about them
34 Toyota Motor’s experience is cited as an example of
A] responding effectively to hijacked media
B] persuading customers into boycotting products
C] cooperating with supportive consumers
D] taking advantage of hijacked media
35 Which of the following is the text mainly about
A] Alternatives to conventional paid media
B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media
C] Dominance of hijacked media
D] Popularity of owned media
Text 4
It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful provocative magazine cover story I love My Children I Hate My Life is arousing much chatter – nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling lifeenriching experience Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by momenttomoment joy we should consider being happy as a pasttense condition Even though the daytoday experience of raising kids can be soulcrushingly hard Senior writes that the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight
The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonnaandchild image on newsstands this week There are also stories about newly adoptive – and newly single – mom Sandra Bullock as well as the usual Jennifer Aniston is pregnant news Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom or momtobe smiling on the newsstands
In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kittenkilling It doesn’t seem quite fair then to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the children Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping babysize holes in their lives
Of course the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples single parents are the least happy of all No shock there considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it raising a kid on their own (read with roundtheclock help) is a piece of cake
It’s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stressfree happinessenhancing parenthood aren’t in some small subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting the Rachel might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston
36Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring
Atemporary delight
B]enjoyment in progress
C]happiness in retrospect
D]lasting reward
37We learn from Paragraph 2 that
A]celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip
B]single mothers with babies deserve greater attention
C]news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining
D]having children is highly valued by the public
38It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks
A]are constantly exposed to criticism
B]are largely ignored by the media
C]fail to fulfill their social responsibilities
D]are less likely to be satisfied with their life
39According to Paragraph 4 the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is
A]soothing
B]ambiguous
C]compensatory
D]misleading
40Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph
A]Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms
B]Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing
C]Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life
D]We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing
Part B
Directions
The following paragraph are given in a wrong order For Questions 4145 you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list AG to filling them into the numbered boxes Paragraphs E and G have been correctly placed Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (10 points)
A] No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities You can Mr Menand points out became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years Not surprisingly up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees
B] His concern is mainly with the humanities Literature languages philosophy and so on These are disciplines that are going out of style 22 of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2 in history and 4 in English However many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should posses But most find it difficult to agree on what a general education should look like At Harvard Mr Menand notes the great books are read because they have been readthey form a sort of social glue
C] Equally unsurprisingly only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school There are simply too few posts This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs But fewer students want to study humanities subjects English departments awarded more bachelor’s degrees in 197071 than they did 20 years later Fewer students requires fewer teachers So at the end of a decade of theseswriting many humanities students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained
D] One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they can cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberalarts educations and professional education should be kept separate taught in different schools Many students experience both varieties Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law medicine or business future doctors and lawyers must study a nonspecialist liberalarts degree before embarking on a professional qualification
E] Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation top American universities have professionalised the professor The growth in public money for academic research has speeded the process federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960and 1990 but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its toll Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career as late as 1969a third of American professors did not possess one But the key idea behind professionalisation argues Mr Menand is that the knowledge and skills needed for a particular specialization are transmissible but not transferableSo disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge but also over the production of the producers of knowledge
F] The key to reforming higher education concludes Mr Menand is to alter the way in which the producers of knowledge are producedOtherwise academics will continue to think dangerously alike increasingly detached from the societies which they study investigate and criticizeAcademic inquiry at least in some fields may need to become less exclusionary and more holisticYet quite how that happens Mr Menand dose not say
G] The subtle and intelligent little book The Marketplace of Ideas Reform and Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree They may then decide to go elsewhere For something curious has been happening in American Universities and Louis Menand a professor of English at Harvard University captured it skillfully
G → 41 →42 → E →43 →44 →45
Part C
Directions
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2 (10 points)
With its theme that Mind is the master weaver creating our inner character and outer circumstances the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an indepth exploration of the central idea of selfhelp writing
(46) Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all sharethat because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughtsand reveal its erroneous nature Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless this allows us to think one way and act another However Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind and (47) while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone in reality we are continually faced with a question Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that
Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire Allen concluded We do not attract what we want but what we are Achievement happens because you as a person embody the external achievement you don’t get success but become it There is no gap between mind and matter
＼Part of the fame of Allen’s book is its contention that Circumstances do not make a person they reveal him (48) This seems a justification for neglect of those in need and a rationalization of exploitation of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom
This however would be a kneejerk reaction to a subtle argument Each set of circumstances however bad offers a unique opportunity for growth If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people then humanity would never have progressed In fat (49)circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been wronged then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation Nevertheless as any biographer knows a person’s early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual
The sobering aspect of Allen’s book is that we have no one else to blame for our present condition except ourselves (50) The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us where before we were experts in the array of limitations now we become authorities of what is possible
Section Ⅲ Writing
Part A
51 Directions
Write a letter to a friend of yours to
1) recommend one of your favorite movies and
2) give reasons for your recommendation
Your should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2
Do not sign your own name at the end of the leter User LI MING instead
Do not writer the address(10 points)
Part B
52 Directions
Write an essay of 160200 words based on the following drawing In your essay you should
1) describe the drawing briefly
2) explain it’s intended meaning and
3) give your comments
Your should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2 (20 points)
2011年考研英语真题参考答案
客观题
Section I Use of English
CDBBA BADCA BCDCB DADAC
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
DBDBA BDCAC DCBAA CCDDB
Part B
41B 42D 43A 44C 45F
翻译题：
46艾伦贡献提供分担揭示错误性质假设机器够控制理想
47单独通意识维持控制感觉实际直面着问题什完成件事情件事情
48似必时忽视正名合理说明剥削顶层优越感处层劣势感
49环境似发挥优势果感觉受委屈意识做出努力逃离原处境
50正面处样位置知道事情取决前受系列限制专家现成权威
作文
51 Directions
Write a letter to a friend of yours to
1) recommend one of your favorite movies and
2) give reasons for your recommendation
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter UseLi Minginstead
Do not write the address(10points)
作文范文：
Dear friends
I am writing without hesitation to share one of my favorite movies If You Are The One with you which is not only conducive to your study but also beneficial to your life
For one thing it’s storyline is very tight and characters＇ language is classic and thoughtprovoking For another thing the profound cultural elements implicit in the scene will equip you with profound cultural background and above all enrich your daily life
Would you like to see this movie after my recommendation Remember to tell me your opinion about the movie I am looking forward to your early reply
Yours
Li Ming
52Direction
Write an essay of 160200words based on the following drawing In your essay you should
1) describe the drawing briefly
2) explain its intended measing and
3) give your comments
You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2(20points)
Our surroundings are being polluted fast and man＇s present efforts cannot prevent it Time is bringing us more people and more people will bring us more industry more cars larger cities and the growing use of manmade materials The drawing sets us thinking too much due to its farreaching influence
Nowadays though the awareness of protecting environment is being accepted by more and more people we can still see many unpleasant scenes especially in scenic spots Why does this phenomenon arise Many factors are accounting for it First and foremost to some people the consciousness of protecting environment is still not so strong They may not think it is a big deal to throw rubbish everywhere In addition the environmental management system isn’t so satisfying For example in some places there’re few regulations or the implementation is seldom performed actually
From what has been discussed above it is urgent to take some effective and relative measures In the first place we should continue to conduct more propaganda in communities and schools so as to let people realize the importance of protecting environment In the second more rules should be made and carried out by the government to restrain the conduction of destroying environment People should work together to create clean and beautiful surroundings
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