初中英语语法专题特殊句型疑问句
疑问句结构分四种：般疑问句特殊疑问句选择疑问句反意疑问句
般疑问句
1般疑问句概述
般疑问句称否型问句般yesno回答基结构：be助动词情态动词+语+谓语表语+()句子读升调
般疑问句作肯定回答时通常Yes 语+be助动词情态动词否定回答时通常No 语+be助动词情态动词+notnot通常省略形式：
Can you swim to the other side？游岸？
Yes I can
No I can’t
注意：回答般疑问句yesno外certainlyprobablyperhapsof courseall rightwith pleasure等代yesnevernot at all等代no语气更加客气委婉：
Can you help me 帮忙？
Certainly 然
Could you please make less noise 声点？
All right sir 先生
Have you been there 里？
Never 没
2 般疑问句否定式
般疑问句否定式般结构：系动词助动词情态动词+not+语般缩略形式：
Don’t you believe me 相信？（表惊讶）
Yes I do 相信
No I don’t 信
否定疑问句单纯表示提问常常带感情色彩否定疑问句完全式简略式表达语气更强烈否定般疑问句答语中yes含义no含义回答类句子时应该注意yes接肯定结构no接否定结构汉语惯样答语中根实际情况判断果事实yes果事实no
二特殊疑问句
1 特殊疑问句概述
特殊疑问句whowherewhenwhichwhosewhy类词开头结构般：特殊疑问词+般疑问句：特殊疑问词+be助动词情态动词+语+谓语表语+()通常读降调：
Who is it on the phone 谁电话？
How many oranges can you see in the picture
图画少橘子？
2 特殊疑问词
特殊疑问词分两类：疑问代词疑问副词
1) 疑问代词
疑问代词五分：whowhomwhichwhatwhose没数变化who外没格变化作法表：
疑问代词
意义
作
例句
who
谁
作语指
Who is the girl under the tree
树女孩谁？
whom
谁
作宾语指
Whom are you writing to
写谁？
whose
谁
指属关系作定语
Whose pen is this
谁钢笔？
which
指物定范围选择
Which girls will be in the sports meeting
女孩会参加运动会？
what
什
指物指
What can you see in the picture
图画中什？
2) 疑问副词
疑问副词
意义
作
例句
when
时
询问时间
When will she return
什时候回？
where
询问点
Where are you from
处？
why
什
询问原
Why are you late for school
什迟？
how
询问方式
How do you usually go to school
通常学？
how old
询问年龄
How old is Jim’s little brother
吉姆弟弟？
how much
many
少
询问数量
How many friends do you have
少朋友？
how far
远
询问距离
How far is it from your home to school
家离学校远？
how long
长（时间长度）
询问时间
长度
How long will you stay in Beijing
北京会久呢？
How long is your ruler
尺子长
how soon
久
询问时间
How soon will you come back
长时间回呀？
三选择疑问句
选择疑问句般提出两种两种问方选择种结构般疑问句特殊疑问句供选择两部分or连接前者升调者降调选择疑问句分般选择疑问句特殊选择疑问句回答yesno回答完整句子
1 般选择疑问句
般选择疑问句结构：般疑问句+A or B：
Will you go there by bus or by train
I will go by train
—准备汽车火车？
—会坐火车
2 特殊选择疑问句
特殊选择疑问句结构：特殊疑问句+A or B：
What would you like coffee or tea
I would like coffee
—想什咖啡茶？
—想点咖啡
四反意疑问句
1 反意疑问句构成
反意疑问句种常口语疑问句种问句两部分组成前部分陈述句部分附加简短问句中间逗号隔开反意疑问句称附加疑问句
果陈述句肯定句附加问句否定句果陈述句否定附加问句肯定句前肯否前否肯附加问句般be动词（助动词情态动词）+代词构成：
They didn’t clean the classroom yesterday did they
昨天没扫扫教室？
You’re coming aren’t you 会？
2 反意疑问句需注意问题
反意疑问句部分语谓语确定应陈述部分语谓语尤注意特殊情况时反意疑问句部分语般应称代词动词否定形式般应缩略形式
1) 果陈述句中系动词情态动词助动词附加疑问句中相应肯定否定形式果没根陈述句时态选择适助动词：
Tom has finished his homework hasn’t he
汤姆完成家庭作业？
She went to Shanghai yesterday didn’t she
昨天海？
2) 陈述句I am…结构反意问句aren’t I am not I：
I’m right aren’t I？正确？
I’m late am not I？迟？
3) 陈述句语定代词时果表示物everythinganythingsomethingnothing时反意疑问句语it谓语动词单数果表示everybodyeveryonesomebodysomeoneanybodyanyonenobodyno one时反意问句语theyhe谓语动词相应单复数：
Nothing is serious is it 没什严重？
No one was hurt were they 没受伤？
Everybody knows what I saiddon’t they
懂说？
Everyone knows his job doesn’t he
解工作？
4) 果陈述部分语指示代词thisthat时疑问句语it谓语单数形式果陈述部分语指示代词thesethose疑问句语they谓语复数形式：
This is very important isn’t it
非常重？
These are cups aren’t they
茶杯？
5) 陈述部分语句定式动名词时疑问部分语it谓语单数：
What you said is wrong isn’t it
说错？
To learn English well isn’t easy is it
学英语容易？
Practising speaking English every morning will do you good won’t it
天早练说英语处？
6) 陈述句中谓语动词there be边疑问部分there be形式：
There is an apple on the table isn’t there
桌子苹果？
There’re some trees on the island aren’t there
岛树？
7) 陈述句句中hardlyseldomrarelynonothingneverlittlefewnobodynowherebarelyneithertoo…to等表示否定意义词时反意问句肯定形式：
You will never forget it will you
永远会忘记件事？
There is nothing on the table is there
桌子什没？
She has few friends does she
没朋友？
8) 陈述句中谓语动词havehas tohad to时疑问部分谓语动词应don’t doesn’tdidn’t：
He has to get up at four tomorrow doesn’t he
明天4点钟起床？
They had to leave early didn’t they
早离开？
9) 陈述部分dareneed时dareneed实义动词疑问部分谓语动词do适形式dareneed情态动词疑问部分dareneed构成：
We need to do it don’t we
需做种事？
You daren’t go there dare you
敢里？
10) 含情态动词must句子
(1) 陈述句中强调现情况推测疑问部分aren’tisn’t+语：
You must be tired aren’t you
定累吧？
(2) 陈述句中谓语动词must have+分词时陈述句中强调情况推测（般时间状语）疑问部分谓语动词didn’t +语：
He must have met her yesterday didn’t he
想必昨天午见？
(3) 陈述句中强调动作完成疑问部分谓语动词haven’thasn’t+语：
You must have seen the film haven’t you
想必部电影？
(4) 陈述部分must表示必时附加疑问句部分needn’t：
You must go home right now needn’t you
必马回家？
(5) mustn’t表示禁止时附加疑问部分般may：
You mustn’t walk on grass may you
许草走知道？
11) 祈句反意疑问句般句尾加will you：
Give me a hand will you 帮帮？
Stop that noise will you 吵行行？
Don’t forget it will you 忘？
Don’t talk any more will you 说话？
12) let’s开头祈句反意疑问句shall welet us开头祈句反意疑问句will you：
Let’s go there shall we
Let us go there will you
里？
13) 复合句附加问句
(1) 复合句反意疑问句般根句语谓语形式构成反意疑问部分：
He said that we were happy didn’t he
说时开心没说？
(2) 复合句句I think（expectsupposebelievesuspectimagine）时附加问句根句定语第称时根句定语第二三称时句保持致注意否定转移：
I suppose he is serious isn’t he
想严肃？
I don’t think he is the suitable man for the job is he
认做项工作合适选？
You think she is a good teacher don’t you
认老师？
Your brother thinks you can do the job well doesn’t he
弟弟认项工作做？
14) 列复句反意疑问句
种反意疑问句疑问部分般接分句谓语保持致：
We must start at once or we can’t get there on time can we
必须马出发否时达里？
He is a teacher but his wife isn’t a teacher is she
老师妻子？
3 反意疑问句答语
1) 反意疑问句答语般yesno引导简略答语回答注意时态代词呼应：
She is your teacher isn’t she 老师吧？
Yes she is
No she isn’t
2) 前否定肯定句子中yes含义no含义：
She can’t swim can she 会游泳？
Yes she can 会
No she can’t 会
堂练：
练11Excuse me Is the museum open every day
_________ It’s only open from Monday to Friday
A．Yes of course
B．That’s right
C．I’m not sure
D．I’m afraid not
答案D
解析考查般疑问句回答根句意：—劳驾博物馆天开放？—周周五开放知答案否定回答选D
练12根中文提示求造句
1 She goes to school by bus (改般疑问句)
_____________________________________________
2 They like to sing_English_songs (画线部分提问)
_____________________________________________
3 She’s listening to the radio in_the_bedroom (画线部分提问)
_____________________________________________
4 The old man can hardly dress himself (改反意疑问句)
_____________________________________________
5 Jim is ill Let’s go and see him after school (改反意疑问句)
_____________________________________________
答案1 Does she go to school by bus
2 What do they like to do
3 Where is she listening to the radio
4 The old man can hardly dress himself can he
5 Jim is ill Let’s go and see him after school shall we
解析1 考查般疑问句句中助动词助动词do相应形式提前进行疑问
2 考查特殊疑问句划线部分做容what提问
3 考查特殊疑问句划线部分做事点where提问
4 考查反意疑问句陈述部分出现hardly视否定疑问部分肯定can he
5 考查反意疑问句句含let反意疑问句应该shall will进行疑问表示建议口吻语weshall
练13
—____ Tshirt is this
— I think it’s Tom’s
A． Whose
B． Which
C． What
D． Who
答案A
解析考查特殊疑问词根答语Tom’s疑问词whose谁选A
练14
—— ________ people are there in your family
—— Three
A．How often
B．How long
C．How many
D．How much
答案C
解析疑问词数量提问how many
练15The government is asked to improve school bus safety _________
A．didn’t it
B．hasn’t it
C．isn’t it
D．doesn’t it
答案C
解析考查反意疑问句反意疑问句中陈述句中is翻译疑问句中is进行疑问选C
练16You haven’t been to the West Lake have you
_________ But I will go there with my parents this summer vacation
A．No I haven’t
B．No I didn’t
C．Yes I haven’t
D．Yes I have
答案A
解析考查反意疑问句否定形式首先回答yes应肯定no应否定排C问句have回答have排B根句意没选A
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疑问句结构分四种：般疑问句特殊疑问句选择疑问句反意疑问句
般疑问句
1般疑问句概述
般疑问句称否型问句般yesno回答基结构：be助动词情态动词+语+谓语表语+()句子读升调
般疑问句作肯定回答时通常Yes 语+be助动词情态动词否定回答时通常No 语+be助动词情态动词+notnot通常省略形式：
Can you swim to the other side？游岸？
Yes I can
No I can’t
注意：回答般疑问句yesno外certainlyprobablyperhapsof courseall rightwith pleasure等代yesnevernot at all等代no语气更加客气委婉：
Can you help me 帮忙？
Certainly 然
Could you please make less noise 声点？
All right sir 先生
Have you been there 里？
Never 没
2 般疑问句否定式
般疑问句否定式般结构：系动词助动词情态动词+not+语般缩略形式：
Don’t you believe me 相信？（表惊讶）
Yes I do 相信
No I don’t 信
否定疑问句单纯表示提问常常带感情色彩否定疑问句完全式简略式表达语气更强烈否定般疑问句答语中yes含义no含义回答类句子时应该注意yes接肯定结构no接否定结构汉语惯样答语中根实际情况判断果事实yes果事实no
二特殊疑问句
1 特殊疑问句概述
特殊疑问句whowherewhenwhichwhosewhy类词开头结构般：特殊疑问词+般疑问句：特殊疑问词+be助动词情态动词+语+谓语表语+()通常读降调：
Who is it on the phone 谁电话？
How many oranges can you see in the picture
图画少橘子？
2 特殊疑问词
特殊疑问词分两类：疑问代词疑问副词
1) 疑问代词
疑问代词五分：whowhomwhichwhatwhose没数变化who外没格变化作法表：
疑问代词
意义
作
例句
who
谁
作语指
Who is the girl under the tree
树女孩谁？
whom
谁
作宾语指
Whom are you writing to
写谁？
whose
谁
指属关系作定语
Whose pen is this
谁钢笔？
which
指物定范围选择
Which girls will be in the sports meeting
女孩会参加运动会？
what
什
指物指
What can you see in the picture
图画中什？
2) 疑问副词
疑问副词
意义
作
例句
when
时
询问时间
When will she return
什时候回？
where
询问点
Where are you from
处？
why
什
询问原
Why are you late for school
什迟？
how
询问方式
How do you usually go to school
通常学？
how old
询问年龄
How old is Jim’s little brother
吉姆弟弟？
how much
many
少
询问数量
How many friends do you have
少朋友？
how far
远
询问距离
How far is it from your home to school
家离学校远？
how long
长（时间长度）
询问时间
长度
How long will you stay in Beijing
北京会久呢？
How long is your ruler
尺子长
how soon
久
询问时间
How soon will you come back
长时间回呀？
三选择疑问句
选择疑问句般提出两种两种问方选择种结构般疑问句特殊疑问句供选择两部分or连接前者升调者降调选择疑问句分般选择疑问句特殊选择疑问句回答yesno回答完整句子
1 般选择疑问句
般选择疑问句结构：般疑问句+A or B：
Will you go there by bus or by train
I will go by train
—准备汽车火车？
—会坐火车
2 特殊选择疑问句
特殊选择疑问句结构：特殊疑问句+A or B：
What would you like coffee or tea
I would like coffee
—想什咖啡茶？
—想点咖啡
四反意疑问句
1 反意疑问句构成
反意疑问句种常口语疑问句种问句两部分组成前部分陈述句部分附加简短问句中间逗号隔开反意疑问句称附加疑问句
果陈述句肯定句附加问句否定句果陈述句否定附加问句肯定句前肯否前否肯附加问句般be动词（助动词情态动词）+代词构成：
They didn’t clean the classroom yesterday did they
昨天没扫扫教室？
You’re coming aren’t you 会？
2 反意疑问句需注意问题
反意疑问句部分语谓语确定应陈述部分语谓语尤注意特殊情况时反意疑问句部分语般应称代词动词否定形式般应缩略形式
1) 果陈述句中系动词情态动词助动词附加疑问句中相应肯定否定形式果没根陈述句时态选择适助动词：
Tom has finished his homework hasn’t he
汤姆完成家庭作业？
She went to Shanghai yesterday didn’t she
昨天海？
2) 陈述句I am…结构反意问句aren’t I am not I：
I’m right aren’t I？正确？
I’m late am not I？迟？
3) 陈述句语定代词时果表示物everythinganythingsomethingnothing时反意疑问句语it谓语动词单数果表示everybodyeveryonesomebodysomeoneanybodyanyonenobodyno one时反意问句语theyhe谓语动词相应单复数：
Nothing is serious is it 没什严重？
No one was hurt were they 没受伤？
Everybody knows what I saiddon’t they
懂说？
Everyone knows his job doesn’t he
解工作？
4) 果陈述部分语指示代词thisthat时疑问句语it谓语单数形式果陈述部分语指示代词thesethose疑问句语they谓语复数形式：
This is very important isn’t it
非常重？
These are cups aren’t they
茶杯？
5) 陈述部分语句定式动名词时疑问部分语it谓语单数：
What you said is wrong isn’t it
说错？
To learn English well isn’t easy is it
学英语容易？
Practising speaking English every morning will do you good won’t it
天早练说英语处？
6) 陈述句中谓语动词there be边疑问部分there be形式：
There is an apple on the table isn’t there
桌子苹果？
There’re some trees on the island aren’t there
岛树？
7) 陈述句句中hardlyseldomrarelynonothingneverlittlefewnobodynowherebarelyneithertoo…to等表示否定意义词时反意问句肯定形式：
You will never forget it will you
永远会忘记件事？
There is nothing on the table is there
桌子什没？
She has few friends does she
没朋友？
8) 陈述句中谓语动词havehas tohad to时疑问部分谓语动词应don’t doesn’tdidn’t：
He has to get up at four tomorrow doesn’t he
明天4点钟起床？
They had to leave early didn’t they
早离开？
9) 陈述部分dareneed时dareneed实义动词疑问部分谓语动词do适形式dareneed情态动词疑问部分dareneed构成：
We need to do it don’t we
需做种事？
You daren’t go there dare you
敢里？
10) 含情态动词must句子
(1) 陈述句中强调现情况推测疑问部分aren’tisn’t+语：
You must be tired aren’t you
定累吧？
(2) 陈述句中谓语动词must have+分词时陈述句中强调情况推测（般时间状语）疑问部分谓语动词didn’t +语：
He must have met her yesterday didn’t he
想必昨天午见？
(3) 陈述句中强调动作完成疑问部分谓语动词haven’thasn’t+语：
You must have seen the film haven’t you
想必部电影？
(4) 陈述部分must表示必时附加疑问句部分needn’t：
You must go home right now needn’t you
必马回家？
(5) mustn’t表示禁止时附加疑问部分般may：
You mustn’t walk on grass may you
许草走知道？
11) 祈句反意疑问句般句尾加will you：
Give me a hand will you 帮帮？
Stop that noise will you 吵行行？
Don’t forget it will you 忘？
Don’t talk any more will you 说话？
12) let’s开头祈句反意疑问句shall welet us开头祈句反意疑问句will you：
Let’s go there shall we
Let us go there will you
里？
13) 复合句附加问句
(1) 复合句反意疑问句般根句语谓语形式构成反意疑问部分：
He said that we were happy didn’t he
说时开心没说？
(2) 复合句句I think（expectsupposebelievesuspectimagine）时附加问句根句定语第称时根句定语第二三称时句保持致注意否定转移：
I suppose he is serious isn’t he
想严肃？
I don’t think he is the suitable man for the job is he
认做项工作合适选？
You think she is a good teacher don’t you
认老师？
Your brother thinks you can do the job well doesn’t he
弟弟认项工作做？
14) 列复句反意疑问句
种反意疑问句疑问部分般接分句谓语保持致：
We must start at once or we can’t get there on time can we
必须马出发否时达里？
He is a teacher but his wife isn’t a teacher is she
老师妻子？
3 反意疑问句答语
1) 反意疑问句答语般yesno引导简略答语回答注意时态代词呼应：
She is your teacher isn’t she 老师吧？
Yes she is
No she isn’t
2) 前否定肯定句子中yes含义no含义：
She can’t swim can she 会游泳？
Yes she can 会
No she can’t 会
堂练：
练11Excuse me Is the museum open every day
_________ It’s only open from Monday to Friday
A．Yes of course
B．That’s right
C．I’m not sure
D．I’m afraid not
答案D
解析考查般疑问句回答根句意：—劳驾博物馆天开放？—周周五开放知答案否定回答选D
练12根中文提示求造句
1 She goes to school by bus (改般疑问句)
_____________________________________________
2 They like to sing_English_songs (画线部分提问)
_____________________________________________
3 She’s listening to the radio in_the_bedroom (画线部分提问)
_____________________________________________
4 The old man can hardly dress himself (改反意疑问句)
_____________________________________________
5 Jim is ill Let’s go and see him after school (改反意疑问句)
_____________________________________________
答案1 Does she go to school by bus
2 What do they like to do
3 Where is she listening to the radio
4 The old man can hardly dress himself can he
5 Jim is ill Let’s go and see him after school shall we
解析1 考查般疑问句句中助动词助动词do相应形式提前进行疑问
2 考查特殊疑问句划线部分做容what提问
3 考查特殊疑问句划线部分做事点where提问
4 考查反意疑问句陈述部分出现hardly视否定疑问部分肯定can he
5 考查反意疑问句句含let反意疑问句应该shall will进行疑问表示建议口吻语weshall
练13
—____ Tshirt is this
— I think it’s Tom’s
A． Whose
B． Which
C． What
D． Who
答案A
解析考查特殊疑问词根答语Tom’s疑问词whose谁选A
练14
—— ________ people are there in your family
—— Three
A．How often
B．How long
C．How many
D．How much
答案C
解析疑问词数量提问how many
练15The government is asked to improve school bus safety _________
A．didn’t it
B．hasn’t it
C．isn’t it
D．doesn’t it
答案C
解析考查反意疑问句反意疑问句中陈述句中is翻译疑问句中is进行疑问选C
练16You haven’t been to the West Lake have you
_________ But I will go there with my parents this summer vacation
A．No I haven’t
B．No I didn’t
C．Yes I haven’t
D．Yes I have
答案A
解析考查反意疑问句否定形式首先回答yes应肯定no应否定排C问句have回答have排B根句意没选A
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