2015年考研英语(二)真题解析+答案[完整版]
Directions
Read the following text Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A B C or D on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)
In our contemporary culture the prospect of communicating with – or even looking at – a stranger is virtually unbearable Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they cling to the phones even without a __1__ on a subway
It’s a sad reality – our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings – because there’s __2__ to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you But you wouldn’t know it __3__ into your phone This universal protection sends the __4__Please don’t approach me
What is it that makes us feel we need to hide __5__ our screens
One answer is fear according to Jon Wortmann an executive mental coach We fear rejection or that our innocent social advances will be __6__ as weird We fear we’ll be __7__ We fear we’ll be disruptive
Strangers are inherently__8__to us so we are more likely to feel__9__when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances To avoid this uneasiness we_ 10_ to our phones Phones become our security blanket Wortmann says They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more __11___
But once we rip off the bandaid tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up it doesn’t ___12___so bad In one 2011 experiment behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable Start a __13___ They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow __14___When Dr Epley and MsSchroeder asked other people in the same train station to __15___how they would feel after talking to a stranger the commuters thought their __16___ would be more pleasant if they sat on their own The New York Times summarizes Though the participants didn’t expect a positive experience after they __17__with the experiment not a single person reported having been embarrassed
__18__ these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those without communication whichmakes absolute sense ___19___human beings thrive off of social connections It’s that ___20___ Talking to strangers can make you feel connected
选项答案：
1 [A]signal [B]permit [C]ticket [D]record
2 [A]nothing [B]little [C]another [D]much
3 [A]beaten [B]guided [C]plugged [D]brought
4 [A]sign [B]code [C]notice [D]message
5 [A]under [B]behind [C]beyond [D]from
6 [A]misapplied [B]mismatched [C]misadjusted [D]misinterpreted
7 [A]replaced [B]fired [C]judged [D]delayed
8 [A]unreasonable [B]ungrateful [C]unconventional [D]unfamiliar
9 [A]comfortable [B]confident [C]anxious [D]angry
10 [A]attend [B]point [C]take [D]turn
11 [A]dangerous [B]mysterious [C]violent [D]boring
12 [A]hurt [B]resist [C]bend [D]decay
13 [A]lecture [B]conversation [C]debate [D]negotiation
14 [A]passengers [B]employees [C]researchers [D]trainees
15 [A]reveal [B]choose [C]predict [D]design
16 [A]voyage [B]ride [C]walk [D]flight
17 [A]went through [B]did away [C]caught up [D]put up
18 [A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In particular [D]In consequence
19 [A]unless [B]since [C]if [D]whereas
20 [A]funny [B]logical [C]simple [D]rare[page]
原文答案：
While the subway＇s arrival may be ambiguous one thing about your commute is certain No one wants to talk to each other In our contemporary culture the prospect of communicating with or even looking at a stranger is virtually unbearable Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones even without a 1 signal underground
It＇s a sad reality our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings because there＇s 2 much to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you But you wouldn＇t know it3 plugged into your phone This universal armor sends the 4 message ＇Please don＇t approach me＇
What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 behind our screens
One answer is fear according to Jon Wortmann executive mental coach and author of ＇Hijacked by Your Brain How to Free Yourself When Stress Takes Over＇ We fear rejection or that our innocent social advances will be 6 misinterpreted as ＇creepy＇ he told The Huffington Post We fear we＇ll be 7 judged We fear we＇ll be disruptive
Strangers are inherently8 unfamiliar to us so we are more likely to feel 9 anxious when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances To avoid this anxiety we 10 turn to our phones ＇Phones become our security blanket＇ Wortmann says ＇They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 dangerous＇
But once we rip off the bandaid tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up it doesn＇t12 hurt so bad In one 2011 experiment behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable Start a 13 conversation The duo had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow14 passengers ＇When Dr Epley and Ms Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to15 predict how they would feel after talking to a stranger the commuters thought their16 ride would be more pleasant if they sat on their own＇ the New York Times summarizes Though the participants didn＇t expect a positive experience after they17 went through with the experiment ＇not a single person reported having been snubbed＇
18 In fact these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication which makes absolute sense 19 since human beings thrive off of social connections It＇s that 20 simple Talking to strangers can make you feel connected The train ride is a fortuity for social connection ＇the stuff of life＇ Wortmann says Even seemingly trivial interactions can boost mood and increase the sense of belonging A study similar in hypothesis to Eply and Schroder＇s published in Social Psychological & Personality Science asked participants to smile make eye contact and chatwith their cashier Those who engaged
with the cashier experienced better moods and even reported a better shopping experience than those who avoided superfluous conversation
分析：文章节选2014516 赫芬顿邮报难度20142013持明显模考时文章容易选项ABCD出现五次
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions
Read the following four texts Answer the questions after each text by choosing A B C or D Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (40 points)
Text1
A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys people are actually more stressed at home that at work Researchers measured people＇s cortisol which is a stress marker while they were at word and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge
Further contradicting conventional wisdom we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work that at home writer one of the researchers Sarah Damaske In fact women even say they feel better at work she notesIt is men not women who report being happier at home that at work Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children and without but more so for nonparents This is why people who work outside the home have better health
What the study doesn＇t measure is whether people are still doing work when they＇re at home whether it is household work or work brought home from the office For many men the end of the workday is a time to kick back For women who stay home they never get to leave the office And for women who work outside the home they often are playing catchupwithhousehold tasks With the blurring of roles and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women it＇s not surprising that women are more stressed at home
But it＇s not just a gender thing At work people pretty much know what they＇re supposed to be doing to be doing wording making money doing the tasks they have to do in order to
draw an income The bargain is very pure Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out lifesustaining moola
On the home front however people have no such clarity Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out There are a lot of tasks to be done there are inadequate rewards for most of them Your home colleaguesyour familyhave no clear rewards for their labor they need to be talked into is of if they＇re teenagers threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices Plus they’re teenagers threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices Plus they＇re your family You cannot fire your family You never really get to go home from home
So it＇s not surprising that people are more stressed at home Not only are the tasks apparently infinite the coworkers are much harder to motivate
21 According to Paragraph 1 most previous surveys found that home________
[A] offered greater relaxation than the workplace
[B] was an ideal place for stress measurement
[C] generated more stress than the workplace
[D] was an unrealistic place for relaxation
22 According to Damaske who are likely to be the happiest at home
[A] Childless wives
[B] working mothers
[C] Childless husbands
[D] Working fathers
23 The blurring of working women’s roles refers to the fact that____
[AJ it is difficult for them to leave their office
{B] their home is also a place for kicking back
[C] there is often much housework left behind
[DJ they are both bread winners and housewives
24 The word moola(Line 4 para4) most probably means____
[A]skills
[B]energy
[C]earnings
[D]nutrition
25 The home front differs from the workplace in that_____
[A]division of labor at home is seldom clearcut
[B]home is hardly a cozier working environment
[C]household tasks are generally more motivating
[D]family labor is often adequately rewarded
参考答案：2125 ACDCA[page]
Text2
For years studies have found that firstgeneration collage studentsthose who do not have a parent with a college degreelag other students on a range of education achievement factors Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them This has created a paradox in that recruiting firstgeneration students but then watching many of them fail means that higher education has continued to reproduce and widen rather than close an achievement gap based on social class according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science
But the article is actually quite optimistic as it outlines a potential solution to this problem suggesting that an approach (which involves a onehour nexttonocost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between firstgeneration and other students
The authors of the paper are from different universities and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students (who completed the project) at an unnamed private university First generation was defined as not having a parent with a fouryear college degree Most of the firstgeneration students (591 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need while this was true only for 86 percent of the students with at least one parent with a fouryear degree
Their thesisthat a relatively modest intervention could have a big impactwas based on the view that firstgeneration students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap
Many firstgeneration students struggle to navigate the middleclass culture of higher education learn the ＇rules of the game＇ and take advantage of colleges resources they write And this becomes more of a problem when colleges don＇t talk about the class advantages and disadvantages of different groups of studentsBecause US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students＇ educational experiences many firstgeneration students lack insight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students like them＇ can improve
26 Recruiting more firstgeneration students has
[A] reduced their dropout rates
[B] narrowed the achievement gap
[C] depressed college students
[D] missed its original purpose
27 The authors of the research article are optimistic because
[A] their findings appeal to students
[B] the recruiting rate has increased
[C] the problem is solvable
[D] their approach is costless
28 The study suggests that most firstgeneration students
[A] study at private universities
[B] are from singleparent families
[C] are in need of financial support
[D] have failed their college
29 The authors of the paper believe that firstgeneration students
[A] are actually indifferent to the achievement gap
[B] can have a potential influence on other students
[C] may lack opportunities to apply for research projects
[D] are inexperienced in handling their issues at college
30 We may infer from the last paragraph that
[A] universities often reject the culture of the middleclass
[B] colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question
[C] social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences
[D] students are usually to blame for their lack of resources
参考答案：2630 DCCDB[page]
Even in traditional offices the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more rightbrained than it was 20 years ago said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn She started spinning off examples If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990 we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey mission passion There were goals there were strategies there were objectives but we didn’t talk about energy we didn’t talk about passion
Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very teamoriented—and not by coincidence Let’s not forget sports—in maledominated corporate America it’s still a big deal It’s not explicitly conscious it’s the idea that I’m a coach and you’re my team and we’re in this together There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies but most think ofthemselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning—and as Khurana points out increase allegiance to the firm You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with nonprofit organizations and religious organizations Terms like vision values passion and purpose said Khurana
This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over worklife balance The mommy wars of the 1990s are still going on today prompting arguments about why women still can’t have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg’s Lean In whose title has become a buzzword in its own right Terms like unplug offline lifehack bandwidth and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home But if your work is your passion you’ll be more likelyto devote yourself to it even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed But this seems to be the irony of office speak Everyone makes fun of it but managers love it companies depend on it and regular people willingly absorb it As Nunberg said You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it In a workplace that’s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work—and how your work defines who you are
31 According to Nancy Koehn office language has become_______
[A]more objective
[B]less energetic
[C]more emotional
[D]less strategic
32Teamoriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to_______
[A]sports culture
[B]gender difference
[C]historical incidents
[D]athletic executives
33 Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to______
[A]promote company image
[B]strengthen employee loyalty
[C]foster corporate cooperation
[D]revive historical terms
34 It can be inferred that Lean In______
[A]voices for working women
[B]appeals to passionate workaholics
[C]triggers debates among mommies
[D]praises motivated employees
35 Which of the following statements is true about office speak
[A]Managers admire it but avoid it
[B]Linguists believe it to be nonsense
[C]Companies find it to be fundamental
[D]Regular people mock it but accept it
参考答案：3135 ACDAD[page]
Text 4
Many people talked of the 288000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 61 percent as good news And they were right For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace
However there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working parttime This figure is now 830000(44 percent) above its year ago level
Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare it is worth making an important distinction Many people who work parttime jobs actually want fulltime jobs They take parttime work because this is all they can get An increase in involuntary parttime work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet
There was an increase in involuntary parttime in June but the general direction has been down Involuntary parttime employment is still far higher than before the recession but it is down by 640000(79 percent) from its year ago level
We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary parttime employment because people tell us The survey used by the Labor Department asks people if they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week If the answer is yes they are classified as working parttime The survey then asks whether they worked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice They are only classified as voluntary parttime workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week
The issue of voluntary parttime relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment For many people especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance
However Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a fulltime job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance
36 Which part of the jobs picture was neglected
[A]The prospect of a thriving job market
[B]The increase of voluntary parttime jobs
[C]The possibility of full employment
[D]The acceleration of job creation
37 Many people work parttime because they ____
[A]Fell that is enough to make ends meet
[B]Cannot get their hands on fulltime jobs
[C]Haven’t seen the weakness of the market
[D]Prefer parttime jobs to fulltime jobs
38 Involuntary parttime employment in the US______
[A]Shows a general tendency of decline
[B]Is harder to acquire than one year ago
[C]Satisfies the real need of the jobless
[D]Is lower than before the recession
39 It can be learned that with Obamacare ___
[A]It is no longer easy for parttimers to get insurance
[B]Employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance
[C]It is still challenging to get insurance for family members
[D]Fulltime employment is still essential for insurance
40 The text mainly discusses_______
[A]Obamacare’s trouble
[B]Parttimer classification
[C]Insurance through Medicaid
[D]Employment in the US
参考答案：3640 BBABD[page]
Part B
Directions
Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list AG for each numbered paragraph (4145)There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)
[A]You are not alone
[B]Don’t fear responsibility for your life
[C]Pave your own unique path
[D]Most of your fears are unreal
[E]Think about the present moment
[F]Experience helps you grow
[G]There are many things to be grateful for
Some Old Truths to Help You Overcome Tough Times
Unfortunately life is not a bed of roses We are going though life facing sad experiences Moreover we are grieving various kinds of loss a friendship a romantic relationship or a house Hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like the most inopportune time but you should remember that they won’t last forever
When our time of mourning is over we press forward stronger with a greater understanding and respect for life Furthermore these losses make us mature and eventually move us toward future opportunities for growth and happiness I want to share these old truths I’ve learned along the way
41
[D]Most of your fears areunreal
Fear is both useful and harmful This normal human reaction is used to protect us by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it Unfortunately people create inner barriers with a help of exaggerating fears My favorite actor Will Smith once said Fear is not real It is a product of thoughts you create Do not misunderstand me Danger is very real But fear is a choice I do completely agree the fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination
42
[E]Think about the present moment
If you are surrounded by problems and cannot stop thinking about the past try focus on the present moment Many of us are weighed down by the past or anxious about the future You may feel guilt over your past but you are poisoning the present with the things and circumstances you cannot change Value the present moment and remember how fortunate you are to be alive Enjoy the beauty of the world around and keep the eyes open to see the possibilities before you Happiness is not a point of future and not a moment from the past but a mindset that can be designed into the present
43
[G]There are many things to be grateful for
Sometimes it is easy to feel bad because you are going through tough times You can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of crying and complaining about something
44
[A]You are not alone
No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is you should always remember that you are not alone Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life Especially your dearest and nearest people You may have a circle of friends who provide constant good humor help and companionship If you have no friends or relatives try to participate in several online communities full of people who are always willing to share advice and encouragement
45
[C]Pave your own unique path
Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining objectivity from external sources This way you devalue your opinion and show that you are incapable of managing your own life When you are struggling to achieve something important you should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best You live in your skin think your own thoughts have your own values and make your own choices
Section IV Writing
Part A
47 Directions：
Suppose your university is going to host a summer camp for high school students Write a notice to
1) briefly introduce the camp activities and
2) call for volunteers
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET
Do not use your name or the name of your university
Do not write your address (10 points)
邵宁串讲讲义第48页作文预测：
1 询问信 Letters of Inquiry
2 邀请信 Letters of Invitation
3 投诉信 Letters of Complaint
4 感谢信 Letters of Thanks
5 建议信 Letters of Suggestion
6 推荐信 Letters of Recommendation
7 道歉信 Letters of Apology
8 申请信 Letters of Application
9 辞职信 Letters of Resignation
10 谢绝信 Letters of Declining
11 求职信 Letters of Application for Employment
12 通知 启示 Notice Bulletin
13 备忘录 MEMO
备注：中四红色模式邵宁密训中特意强调重点通知书信外唯补充题选齐辙出B3模考题正相关通知模拟题模考串讲中皆顾
邵宁保班密训班讲通知模板供家参考：
Notice
In purpose of improving the level of English we are going to organize an English lecture Contest in the auditorium of the scientific building from 900 am to 1100 am on Monday July 11th
①There are several requirements for the applicants ② Firstly candidates should have a strong interest in English learning especially in oral English ③ Secondly priority and preference will be given to those who have a good command of both spoken and written English Finally……
①There are a lot of awesome prizes waiting for you to take them home ② Anyone who is interested in the contest is welcomed warmly ③ What you need to do is to contact us at shaoning1229@sinacom or to call us at 6253086 ④ Thank you very much for your attention
The Students’ Union
真题作文参考范文(红颜色标注部分完全抄部分)：
Notice
In purpose of enriching the life of our high school students we are going to organize a summer camp for them in the Forest Park on Sunday July 11th Many wonderful activities are arranged during the period of activity And we are now recruiting volunteers to assist in organization and reception
①There are several requirements for the applicants ② Firstly candidates should have a strong interest in camp activities ③ Secondly priority and preference will be given to those who have relevant experience of organization ④ Finally friendliness and hospitality should be shown by every volunteer during the work
① Anyone who is interested in the activity is welcomed warmly ② What you need to do is to contact us at shaoning1229@sinacom or to call us at 6253086 ③ Thank you very much for your attention
The Students’ Union[page]
Part B
48 Directions
Write an essay based on the following chart In your writing you should
1) interpret the chart and
2) give your comments
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET (15 points)
邵宁串讲讲义第63页作文预测：
真题邵宁串讲时预测作文方高度致
千串讲课堂预测话题(社会生活类)：
1 consumption concept(消费观念)
2 international tourism
3 gender equality
邵宁串讲讲义第63页作文热门话题预测：
6 Key Words Consumption Concept (消费观念)
1 The diversity of modern consumption ways stimulates the dramatic transformation of traditional concepts
2 The rapid improvement of economic conditions provides consumers with more opportunities to enhance the quality of their daily life
3 Due to the great influence of globalization more and more people begin to pursue new and personalized consumption ways
邵宁串讲讲义第61页作文模板(现象原型)：
As we can see from the diagram great changes that have taken place in the sphere draw our attention According to the graph (…description…) The phenomenon is so thoughtprovoking that I can’t help exploring the driving forces behind it
Many factors that contribute to the phenomenon may be summarized as follows Above all with the rapid pace of modern society there is an increasing demand for various modern ways of communication Based upon a survey performed by socialists almost 65 of the respondents regard X as their top priority compared to 46 only a few years ago What’s more the rapid development of relevant industries promotes the emergence of X Last but not the least as the result of globalization it is believed that people now take a more positive attitude towards X and regard it as a lifestyle
Based on the factors discussed above all the analysis points to an unshakable conclusion The trend does not exist in this single field and it is bound to produce a profound influence on relevant spheres
热门话题预测句型带入作文模板写成真题作文：
As we can see from the diagram remarkable tendency that has occurred in the sphere draw our attention The pie chart shows the percentage of residents’ consumption in a city during the
Spring Festival holidays The spending on new year’s gifts ranks first accounting for 40 of the total The expenses on dinner parties and traffic make up 20 respectively (The phenomenon is so thoughtprovoking that I can’t help exploring the driving forces behind it)
Many factors that contribute to the phenomenon may be summarized as follows Above all the diversity of modern consumption ways stimulates the dramatic transformation of traditional concepts Based upon a survey performed by socialists almost 52 of the respondents regard buying new year’s gifts as their preferable way to celebrate their festivals compared to 36 only a few years ago What’s more the rapid improvement of economic conditions provides us with more opportunities to hold dinner parties at restaurants Last but not the least as the influence of globalization it is believed that people now take a more positive attitude towards the transportation costs during holidays
Based on the factors discussed above all the analysis points to an unshakable conclusion The trend does not exist in this single field and it is bound to produce a profound influence on relevant spheres
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Directions
Read the following text Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A B C or D on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)
In our contemporary culture the prospect of communicating with – or even looking at – a stranger is virtually unbearable Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they cling to the phones even without a __1__ on a subway
It’s a sad reality – our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings – because there’s __2__ to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you But you wouldn’t know it __3__ into your phone This universal protection sends the __4__Please don’t approach me
What is it that makes us feel we need to hide __5__ our screens
One answer is fear according to Jon Wortmann an executive mental coach We fear rejection or that our innocent social advances will be __6__ as weird We fear we’ll be __7__ We fear we’ll be disruptive
Strangers are inherently__8__to us so we are more likely to feel__9__when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances To avoid this uneasiness we_ 10_ to our phones Phones become our security blanket Wortmann says They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more __11___
But once we rip off the bandaid tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up it doesn’t ___12___so bad In one 2011 experiment behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable Start a __13___ They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow __14___When Dr Epley and MsSchroeder asked other people in the same train station to __15___how they would feel after talking to a stranger the commuters thought their __16___ would be more pleasant if they sat on their own The New York Times summarizes Though the participants didn’t expect a positive experience after they __17__with the experiment not a single person reported having been embarrassed
__18__ these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those without communication whichmakes absolute sense ___19___human beings thrive off of social connections It’s that ___20___ Talking to strangers can make you feel connected
选项答案：
1 [A]signal [B]permit [C]ticket [D]record
2 [A]nothing [B]little [C]another [D]much
3 [A]beaten [B]guided [C]plugged [D]brought
4 [A]sign [B]code [C]notice [D]message
5 [A]under [B]behind [C]beyond [D]from
6 [A]misapplied [B]mismatched [C]misadjusted [D]misinterpreted
7 [A]replaced [B]fired [C]judged [D]delayed
8 [A]unreasonable [B]ungrateful [C]unconventional [D]unfamiliar
9 [A]comfortable [B]confident [C]anxious [D]angry
10 [A]attend [B]point [C]take [D]turn
11 [A]dangerous [B]mysterious [C]violent [D]boring
12 [A]hurt [B]resist [C]bend [D]decay
13 [A]lecture [B]conversation [C]debate [D]negotiation
14 [A]passengers [B]employees [C]researchers [D]trainees
15 [A]reveal [B]choose [C]predict [D]design
16 [A]voyage [B]ride [C]walk [D]flight
17 [A]went through [B]did away [C]caught up [D]put up
18 [A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In particular [D]In consequence
19 [A]unless [B]since [C]if [D]whereas
20 [A]funny [B]logical [C]simple [D]rare[page]
原文答案：
While the subway＇s arrival may be ambiguous one thing about your commute is certain No one wants to talk to each other In our contemporary culture the prospect of communicating with or even looking at a stranger is virtually unbearable Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones even without a 1 signal underground
It＇s a sad reality our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings because there＇s 2 much to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you But you wouldn＇t know it3 plugged into your phone This universal armor sends the 4 message ＇Please don＇t approach me＇
What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 behind our screens
One answer is fear according to Jon Wortmann executive mental coach and author of ＇Hijacked by Your Brain How to Free Yourself When Stress Takes Over＇ We fear rejection or that our innocent social advances will be 6 misinterpreted as ＇creepy＇ he told The Huffington Post We fear we＇ll be 7 judged We fear we＇ll be disruptive
Strangers are inherently8 unfamiliar to us so we are more likely to feel 9 anxious when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances To avoid this anxiety we 10 turn to our phones ＇Phones become our security blanket＇ Wortmann says ＇They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 dangerous＇
But once we rip off the bandaid tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up it doesn＇t12 hurt so bad In one 2011 experiment behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable Start a 13 conversation The duo had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow14 passengers ＇When Dr Epley and Ms Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to15 predict how they would feel after talking to a stranger the commuters thought their16 ride would be more pleasant if they sat on their own＇ the New York Times summarizes Though the participants didn＇t expect a positive experience after they17 went through with the experiment ＇not a single person reported having been snubbed＇
18 In fact these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication which makes absolute sense 19 since human beings thrive off of social connections It＇s that 20 simple Talking to strangers can make you feel connected The train ride is a fortuity for social connection ＇the stuff of life＇ Wortmann says Even seemingly trivial interactions can boost mood and increase the sense of belonging A study similar in hypothesis to Eply and Schroder＇s published in Social Psychological & Personality Science asked participants to smile make eye contact and chatwith their cashier Those who engaged
with the cashier experienced better moods and even reported a better shopping experience than those who avoided superfluous conversation
分析：文章节选2014516 赫芬顿邮报难度20142013持明显模考时文章容易选项ABCD出现五次
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions
Read the following four texts Answer the questions after each text by choosing A B C or D Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (40 points)
Text1
A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys people are actually more stressed at home that at work Researchers measured people＇s cortisol which is a stress marker while they were at word and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge
Further contradicting conventional wisdom we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work that at home writer one of the researchers Sarah Damaske In fact women even say they feel better at work she notesIt is men not women who report being happier at home that at work Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children and without but more so for nonparents This is why people who work outside the home have better health
What the study doesn＇t measure is whether people are still doing work when they＇re at home whether it is household work or work brought home from the office For many men the end of the workday is a time to kick back For women who stay home they never get to leave the office And for women who work outside the home they often are playing catchupwithhousehold tasks With the blurring of roles and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women it＇s not surprising that women are more stressed at home
But it＇s not just a gender thing At work people pretty much know what they＇re supposed to be doing to be doing wording making money doing the tasks they have to do in order to
draw an income The bargain is very pure Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out lifesustaining moola
On the home front however people have no such clarity Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out There are a lot of tasks to be done there are inadequate rewards for most of them Your home colleaguesyour familyhave no clear rewards for their labor they need to be talked into is of if they＇re teenagers threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices Plus they’re teenagers threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices Plus they＇re your family You cannot fire your family You never really get to go home from home
So it＇s not surprising that people are more stressed at home Not only are the tasks apparently infinite the coworkers are much harder to motivate
21 According to Paragraph 1 most previous surveys found that home________
[A] offered greater relaxation than the workplace
[B] was an ideal place for stress measurement
[C] generated more stress than the workplace
[D] was an unrealistic place for relaxation
22 According to Damaske who are likely to be the happiest at home
[A] Childless wives
[B] working mothers
[C] Childless husbands
[D] Working fathers
23 The blurring of working women’s roles refers to the fact that____
[AJ it is difficult for them to leave their office
{B] their home is also a place for kicking back
[C] there is often much housework left behind
[DJ they are both bread winners and housewives
24 The word moola(Line 4 para4) most probably means____
[A]skills
[B]energy
[C]earnings
[D]nutrition
25 The home front differs from the workplace in that_____
[A]division of labor at home is seldom clearcut
[B]home is hardly a cozier working environment
[C]household tasks are generally more motivating
[D]family labor is often adequately rewarded
参考答案：2125 ACDCA[page]
Text2
For years studies have found that firstgeneration collage studentsthose who do not have a parent with a college degreelag other students on a range of education achievement factors Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them This has created a paradox in that recruiting firstgeneration students but then watching many of them fail means that higher education has continued to reproduce and widen rather than close an achievement gap based on social class according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science
But the article is actually quite optimistic as it outlines a potential solution to this problem suggesting that an approach (which involves a onehour nexttonocost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between firstgeneration and other students
The authors of the paper are from different universities and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students (who completed the project) at an unnamed private university First generation was defined as not having a parent with a fouryear college degree Most of the firstgeneration students (591 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need while this was true only for 86 percent of the students with at least one parent with a fouryear degree
Their thesisthat a relatively modest intervention could have a big impactwas based on the view that firstgeneration students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap
Many firstgeneration students struggle to navigate the middleclass culture of higher education learn the ＇rules of the game＇ and take advantage of colleges resources they write And this becomes more of a problem when colleges don＇t talk about the class advantages and disadvantages of different groups of studentsBecause US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students＇ educational experiences many firstgeneration students lack insight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students like them＇ can improve
26 Recruiting more firstgeneration students has
[A] reduced their dropout rates
[B] narrowed the achievement gap
[C] depressed college students
[D] missed its original purpose
27 The authors of the research article are optimistic because
[A] their findings appeal to students
[B] the recruiting rate has increased
[C] the problem is solvable
[D] their approach is costless
28 The study suggests that most firstgeneration students
[A] study at private universities
[B] are from singleparent families
[C] are in need of financial support
[D] have failed their college
29 The authors of the paper believe that firstgeneration students
[A] are actually indifferent to the achievement gap
[B] can have a potential influence on other students
[C] may lack opportunities to apply for research projects
[D] are inexperienced in handling their issues at college
30 We may infer from the last paragraph that
[A] universities often reject the culture of the middleclass
[B] colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question
[C] social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences
[D] students are usually to blame for their lack of resources
参考答案：2630 DCCDB[page]
Even in traditional offices the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more rightbrained than it was 20 years ago said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn She started spinning off examples If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990 we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey mission passion There were goals there were strategies there were objectives but we didn’t talk about energy we didn’t talk about passion
Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very teamoriented—and not by coincidence Let’s not forget sports—in maledominated corporate America it’s still a big deal It’s not explicitly conscious it’s the idea that I’m a coach and you’re my team and we’re in this together There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies but most think ofthemselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning—and as Khurana points out increase allegiance to the firm You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with nonprofit organizations and religious organizations Terms like vision values passion and purpose said Khurana
This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over worklife balance The mommy wars of the 1990s are still going on today prompting arguments about why women still can’t have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg’s Lean In whose title has become a buzzword in its own right Terms like unplug offline lifehack bandwidth and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home But if your work is your passion you’ll be more likelyto devote yourself to it even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed But this seems to be the irony of office speak Everyone makes fun of it but managers love it companies depend on it and regular people willingly absorb it As Nunberg said You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it In a workplace that’s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work—and how your work defines who you are
31 According to Nancy Koehn office language has become_______
[A]more objective
[B]less energetic
[C]more emotional
[D]less strategic
32Teamoriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to_______
[A]sports culture
[B]gender difference
[C]historical incidents
[D]athletic executives
33 Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to______
[A]promote company image
[B]strengthen employee loyalty
[C]foster corporate cooperation
[D]revive historical terms
34 It can be inferred that Lean In______
[A]voices for working women
[B]appeals to passionate workaholics
[C]triggers debates among mommies
[D]praises motivated employees
35 Which of the following statements is true about office speak
[A]Managers admire it but avoid it
[B]Linguists believe it to be nonsense
[C]Companies find it to be fundamental
[D]Regular people mock it but accept it
参考答案：3135 ACDAD[page]
Text 4
Many people talked of the 288000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 61 percent as good news And they were right For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace
However there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working parttime This figure is now 830000(44 percent) above its year ago level
Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare it is worth making an important distinction Many people who work parttime jobs actually want fulltime jobs They take parttime work because this is all they can get An increase in involuntary parttime work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet
There was an increase in involuntary parttime in June but the general direction has been down Involuntary parttime employment is still far higher than before the recession but it is down by 640000(79 percent) from its year ago level
We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary parttime employment because people tell us The survey used by the Labor Department asks people if they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week If the answer is yes they are classified as working parttime The survey then asks whether they worked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice They are only classified as voluntary parttime workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week
The issue of voluntary parttime relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment For many people especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance
However Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a fulltime job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance
36 Which part of the jobs picture was neglected
[A]The prospect of a thriving job market
[B]The increase of voluntary parttime jobs
[C]The possibility of full employment
[D]The acceleration of job creation
37 Many people work parttime because they ____
[A]Fell that is enough to make ends meet
[B]Cannot get their hands on fulltime jobs
[C]Haven’t seen the weakness of the market
[D]Prefer parttime jobs to fulltime jobs
38 Involuntary parttime employment in the US______
[A]Shows a general tendency of decline
[B]Is harder to acquire than one year ago
[C]Satisfies the real need of the jobless
[D]Is lower than before the recession
39 It can be learned that with Obamacare ___
[A]It is no longer easy for parttimers to get insurance
[B]Employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance
[C]It is still challenging to get insurance for family members
[D]Fulltime employment is still essential for insurance
40 The text mainly discusses_______
[A]Obamacare’s trouble
[B]Parttimer classification
[C]Insurance through Medicaid
[D]Employment in the US
参考答案：3640 BBABD[page]
Part B
Directions
Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list AG for each numbered paragraph (4145)There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)
[A]You are not alone
[B]Don’t fear responsibility for your life
[C]Pave your own unique path
[D]Most of your fears are unreal
[E]Think about the present moment
[F]Experience helps you grow
[G]There are many things to be grateful for
Some Old Truths to Help You Overcome Tough Times
Unfortunately life is not a bed of roses We are going though life facing sad experiences Moreover we are grieving various kinds of loss a friendship a romantic relationship or a house Hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like the most inopportune time but you should remember that they won’t last forever
When our time of mourning is over we press forward stronger with a greater understanding and respect for life Furthermore these losses make us mature and eventually move us toward future opportunities for growth and happiness I want to share these old truths I’ve learned along the way
41
[D]Most of your fears areunreal
Fear is both useful and harmful This normal human reaction is used to protect us by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it Unfortunately people create inner barriers with a help of exaggerating fears My favorite actor Will Smith once said Fear is not real It is a product of thoughts you create Do not misunderstand me Danger is very real But fear is a choice I do completely agree the fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination
42
[E]Think about the present moment
If you are surrounded by problems and cannot stop thinking about the past try focus on the present moment Many of us are weighed down by the past or anxious about the future You may feel guilt over your past but you are poisoning the present with the things and circumstances you cannot change Value the present moment and remember how fortunate you are to be alive Enjoy the beauty of the world around and keep the eyes open to see the possibilities before you Happiness is not a point of future and not a moment from the past but a mindset that can be designed into the present
43
[G]There are many things to be grateful for
Sometimes it is easy to feel bad because you are going through tough times You can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of crying and complaining about something
44
[A]You are not alone
No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is you should always remember that you are not alone Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life Especially your dearest and nearest people You may have a circle of friends who provide constant good humor help and companionship If you have no friends or relatives try to participate in several online communities full of people who are always willing to share advice and encouragement
45
[C]Pave your own unique path
Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining objectivity from external sources This way you devalue your opinion and show that you are incapable of managing your own life When you are struggling to achieve something important you should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best You live in your skin think your own thoughts have your own values and make your own choices
Section IV Writing
Part A
47 Directions：
Suppose your university is going to host a summer camp for high school students Write a notice to
1) briefly introduce the camp activities and
2) call for volunteers
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET
Do not use your name or the name of your university
Do not write your address (10 points)
邵宁串讲讲义第48页作文预测：
1 询问信 Letters of Inquiry
2 邀请信 Letters of Invitation
3 投诉信 Letters of Complaint
4 感谢信 Letters of Thanks
5 建议信 Letters of Suggestion
6 推荐信 Letters of Recommendation
7 道歉信 Letters of Apology
8 申请信 Letters of Application
9 辞职信 Letters of Resignation
10 谢绝信 Letters of Declining
11 求职信 Letters of Application for Employment
12 通知 启示 Notice Bulletin
13 备忘录 MEMO
备注：中四红色模式邵宁密训中特意强调重点通知书信外唯补充题选齐辙出B3模考题正相关通知模拟题模考串讲中皆顾
邵宁保班密训班讲通知模板供家参考：
Notice
In purpose of improving the level of English we are going to organize an English lecture Contest in the auditorium of the scientific building from 900 am to 1100 am on Monday July 11th
①There are several requirements for the applicants ② Firstly candidates should have a strong interest in English learning especially in oral English ③ Secondly priority and preference will be given to those who have a good command of both spoken and written English Finally……
①There are a lot of awesome prizes waiting for you to take them home ② Anyone who is interested in the contest is welcomed warmly ③ What you need to do is to contact us at shaoning1229@sinacom or to call us at 6253086 ④ Thank you very much for your attention
The Students’ Union
真题作文参考范文(红颜色标注部分完全抄部分)：
Notice
In purpose of enriching the life of our high school students we are going to organize a summer camp for them in the Forest Park on Sunday July 11th Many wonderful activities are arranged during the period of activity And we are now recruiting volunteers to assist in organization and reception
①There are several requirements for the applicants ② Firstly candidates should have a strong interest in camp activities ③ Secondly priority and preference will be given to those who have relevant experience of organization ④ Finally friendliness and hospitality should be shown by every volunteer during the work
① Anyone who is interested in the activity is welcomed warmly ② What you need to do is to contact us at shaoning1229@sinacom or to call us at 6253086 ③ Thank you very much for your attention
The Students’ Union[page]
Part B
48 Directions
Write an essay based on the following chart In your writing you should
1) interpret the chart and
2) give your comments
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET (15 points)
邵宁串讲讲义第63页作文预测：
真题邵宁串讲时预测作文方高度致
千串讲课堂预测话题(社会生活类)：
1 consumption concept(消费观念)
2 international tourism
3 gender equality
邵宁串讲讲义第63页作文热门话题预测：
6 Key Words Consumption Concept (消费观念)
1 The diversity of modern consumption ways stimulates the dramatic transformation of traditional concepts
2 The rapid improvement of economic conditions provides consumers with more opportunities to enhance the quality of their daily life
3 Due to the great influence of globalization more and more people begin to pursue new and personalized consumption ways
邵宁串讲讲义第61页作文模板(现象原型)：
As we can see from the diagram great changes that have taken place in the sphere draw our attention According to the graph (…description…) The phenomenon is so thoughtprovoking that I can’t help exploring the driving forces behind it
Many factors that contribute to the phenomenon may be summarized as follows Above all with the rapid pace of modern society there is an increasing demand for various modern ways of communication Based upon a survey performed by socialists almost 65 of the respondents regard X as their top priority compared to 46 only a few years ago What’s more the rapid development of relevant industries promotes the emergence of X Last but not the least as the result of globalization it is believed that people now take a more positive attitude towards X and regard it as a lifestyle
Based on the factors discussed above all the analysis points to an unshakable conclusion The trend does not exist in this single field and it is bound to produce a profound influence on relevant spheres
热门话题预测句型带入作文模板写成真题作文：
As we can see from the diagram remarkable tendency that has occurred in the sphere draw our attention The pie chart shows the percentage of residents’ consumption in a city during the
Spring Festival holidays The spending on new year’s gifts ranks first accounting for 40 of the total The expenses on dinner parties and traffic make up 20 respectively (The phenomenon is so thoughtprovoking that I can’t help exploring the driving forces behind it)
Many factors that contribute to the phenomenon may be summarized as follows Above all the diversity of modern consumption ways stimulates the dramatic transformation of traditional concepts Based upon a survey performed by socialists almost 52 of the respondents regard buying new year’s gifts as their preferable way to celebrate their festivals compared to 36 only a few years ago What’s more the rapid improvement of economic conditions provides us with more opportunities to hold dinner parties at restaurants Last but not the least as the influence of globalization it is believed that people now take a more positive attitude towards the transportation costs during holidays
Based on the factors discussed above all the analysis points to an unshakable conclusion The trend does not exist in this single field and it is bound to produce a profound influence on relevant spheres
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