2006年考研英语试题答案
Section I Use of English
Directions
Read the following text Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark ABCor D on ANSWER SHEET1(10points)
The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population__1__ homelessness has reached such proportions that local government can’t possibly _____2____ To help homeless people _____3___ independence the federal government must support job training programs_____4_____ the minimum wage and fund more lowcost housing_____5____everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless Estimates ____6__ anywhere from 600000 to 3 million _____7__ the figure may vary analysts do agree on another matter that the number of the homeless is_____8____ one of the federal government’s studies _____9__ that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade
Finding ways to __10__ this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult___11__when homeless individuals manage to find a ___12__ that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night a good number still spend the bulk of each day__13__ the street Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders Many others____14____not addicted or mentally ill simply lack the everyday __15__ skills need to turn their lives _____16__Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are_17___programs that address the many needs of the homeless _____18__ Edward Blotkowsk director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts___19__it There has to be _____20___of programs What we need is a package deal
1[A]Indeed [B]Likewise [C]Therefore [D]Furthermore
2[A]stand [B]cope [C]approve [D]retain
3[A]in [B]for [C]with [D]toward
4[A]raise [B]add [C]take [D]keep
5[A]generally [B]almost [C]hardly [D]not
6[A]cover [B]change [C]range [D]differ
7[A]Now that [B]Although [C]Provided [D]Except that
8[A]inflating [B]expanding [C]increasing [D]extending
9[A]predicts [B]displays [C]proves [D]discovers
10[A]assist [B]track [C]sustain [D]dismiss
11[A]Hence [B]But [C]Even [D]Only
12[A]lodging [B]shelter [C]dwelling [D]house
13[A]searching [B]strolling [C]crowding [D]wandering
14[A]when [B]once [C]while [D]whereas
15[A]life [B]existence [C]survival [D]maintenance
16[A]around [B]over [C]on [D]up
17[A]complex [B]comprehensive [C]complementary [D]compensating
18[A]So [B]Since [C]As [D]Thus
19[A]puts [B]interprets [C]assumes [D]makes
20[A]supervision [B]manipulation [C]regulation [D]coordination
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions
Read the following four texts Answer the questions below each text by choosing A BC or D Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1(40 points)
Text 1
In spite of endless talk of difference American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people This is the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse and the casualness and absence of consumption launched by the 19th –century department stores that offered vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite these were stores anyone could enter regardless of class or background This turned shopping into a public and democratic act The mass media advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization
Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous Writing for the National Immigration Forum Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at unprecedented level nor resistant to assimilation In 1998 immigrants were 98 percent of population in 1900 136 percent In the 10 years prior to 1990 31 immigrants arrived for every 1000 residents in the 10 years prior to 1890 92 for every 1000 Now consider three indices of assimilationlanguage home ownership and intermarriage
The 1990 Census revealed that a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English well or very well after ten years of residence The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English By the third generation the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families Hence the description of America as a graveyard for language By 1996 foreignborn immigrants who had arrive before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 756 percent higher than the 698 percent rate among nativeborn Americans
Foreignborn Asians and Hispanics have higher rates of intermarriage than do USborn whites and blacks By the third generation one third of Hispanic women are married to nonHispanics and 41 percent of AsianAmerican women are married to nonAsians
Rodriguez not that children in remote villages around world are fans of superstars like Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks yet some Americans fear that immigrant living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power
Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething in America Indeed It is big enough to have a bit of everything But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past today’s social induces suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment
21 The word homogenizing (Line 2 Paragraph 1) most probably means
A identifying B associating C assimilating D monopolizing
22 According to the author the department stores of the 19th century
Aplayed a role in the spread of popular culture
Bbecame intimate shops for common consumers
Csatisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite
Dowed its emergence to the culture of consumption
23 The text suggests that immigrants now in the US
Aare resistant to homogenization
Bexert a great influence on American culture
Care hardly a threat to the common culture
Dconstitute the majority of the population
24 Why are Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5
A To prove their popularity around the world
B To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants
C To give examples of successful immigrants
D To show the powerful influence of American culture
25 In the author’s opinion the absorption of immigrants into American society is
A rewardingB successfulC fruitlessD harmful
Text 2
StratfordonAvon as we all know has only one industry—William Shakespeare—but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (ASC) which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come not to see the plays but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights
The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare who earns their living was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noisemaking
The tourist streams are not entirely separate The sightseers who come by bus and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side—don’t usually see the plays and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford However the playgoers do manage a little sightseeing along with their playgoing It is the playgoers the ESC contends who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall
The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company Stratford cries poor traditionally Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge Hilton is building its own hotel there which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars the Lear Lounge the Banquo Banqueting Room and so forth and will be very expensive
Anyway the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row Last year its 1431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better) The reason of course is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low
It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele They come entirely for the plays not the sights They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over)lean pointed dedicated faces wearing jeans and sandals eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing—room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 1030 am
Text 3
When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world something strange happened to the large animals They suddenly became extinct Smaller species survived The large slowgrowing animals were easy game and were quickly hunted to extinction Now something similar could be happening in the oceans
That the seas are being overfished has been known for years What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean but rather changes in that biomass over time According to their latest paper published in Nature the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80 within 15 years of the start of exploitation In some longfished areas it has halved again since then
Dr Worm acknowledges that the figures are conservative One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved Today＇s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar which were not available 50 years ago That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes In the early days too longlines would have been more saturated with fish Some individuals would therefore not have been caught since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past Furthermore in the early days of longline fishing a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked That is no longer a problem because there are fewer sharks around now
Dr Myers and Dr Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline which future management efforts must take into account They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists that of the shifting baseline The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50 of its original levels Most fisheries are well below that which is a bad way to do business
31 The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that
A large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment
B small species survived as large animals disappeared
C large sea animals may face the same threat today
D Slowgrowing fish outlive fastgrowing ones
32 We can infer from Dr Myers and Dr Worm’s paper that
A the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90
B there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago
C the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20 of the original amount
D the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old
33 By saying these figures are conservative (Line 1 paragraph 3) Dr Worm means that
A fishing technology has improved rapidly
B then catchsizes are actually smaller then recorded
C the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss
D the data collected so far are out of date
34 Dr Myers and other researchers hold that
A people should look for a baseline that can’t work for a longer time
B fisheries should keep the yield below 50 of the biomass
C the ocean biomass should restored its original level
D people should adjust the fishing baseline to changing situation
35 The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’
Amanagement efficiency
Bbiomass level
Ccatchsize limits
Dtechnological application
Text 4
Many things make people think artists are weird and the weirdest may be this artists＇ only job is to explore emotions and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad
This wasn＇t always so The earliest forms of art like painting and music are those best suited for expressing joy But somewhere in the 19th century more artists began seeing happiness as insipid phony or worst of all boring as we went from Wordsworth＇s daffodils to Baudelaire＇s flowers of evil
You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen such misery But it＇s not as if earlier times didn＇t know perpetual war disaster and the massacre of innocents The reason in fact may be just the opposite there is too much damn happiness in the world today
After all what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness Advertising The rise of antihappy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media and with it a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology
People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery They worked until exhausted lived with few protections and died young In the West before mass communication and literacy the most powerful mass medium was the church which reminded worshippers that their souls were in peril and that they would someday be meat for worms Given all this they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too
Today the messages your average Westerner is bombarded with are not religious but commercial and forever happy Fastfood eaters news anchors text messengers all smiling smiling Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes And since these messages have an agendato lure us to open our wallets to make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable Celebrate commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks
What we forgetwhat our economy depends on is forgettingis that happiness is more than pleasure without pain The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment Today surrounded by promises of easy happiness we need someone to tell us as religion once did Memento mori remember that you will die that everything ends and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it It＇s a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette yet somehow a breath of fresh air
36By citing the example of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire the author intends to show that
A Poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music
B Art grow out of both positive and negative feeling
C Poets today are less skeptical of happiness
D Artist have changed their focus of interest
37 The word bummer (Line 5 paragraph 5) most probably means something
A religiousB unpleasant C entertaining D commercial
38In the author’s opinion advertising
Aemerges in the wake of the antihappy part
Bis a cause of disappointment for the general peer
Creplace the church as a major source of information
Dcreates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself
39We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes
AHappiness more often than not ends in sadness
BThe antihappy art is distasteful by refreshing
CMisery should be enjoyed rather than denied
DThe antihappy art flourishes when economy booms
40Which of the following is true of the text
AReligion once functioned as a reminder of misery
BArt provides a balance between expectation and reality
CPeople feel disappointed at the realities of morality
Dmass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths
Part B
Directions
In the following text some sentences have been removed For Questions 4145 choose the most suitable one from the list A G to fit into each of numbered blanks There are two extra choices which do not fit in any of the blanks Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (10 points)
On the north bank of the Ohio River sits Evansville Ind home of David Williams 52 and of a riverboat casino where gambling games are played During several years of gambling in that casino Williams a state auditor earning 35000 a year lost approximately 175000 He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for 20 worth of gambling
He visited the casino lost the 20 and left On his second visit he lost 800 The casino issued to him as a good customer a Fun Card which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks and enables the casino to track the user＇s gambling activities For Williams these activities become what he calls electronic morphine (41)______________ In 1997 he lost 21000 to one slot machine in two days In March 1997 he lost 72186 He sometimes played two slot machines at a time all night until the boat locked at 5 am then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 am Now he is suing the casino charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted It did know he had a problem
In March 1998 a friend of Williams＇s got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions and wrote to inform the casino of Williams＇s gamblers The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers and wrote to him a cease admissions letter noting the medicalpsychological nature of problem gambling behaviors the letter said that before being readmitted to the patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety have to his safety or wellbeing (42) ______________
The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 20 signs warning Enjoy the fun and always bet with your head not over it Every entrance ticket lists a tollfree number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health Nevertheless Williams＇s suit charges that the casino knowing he was helplessly addicted to gambling intentionally worked to love him to engage in conduct against his will well (43) ______________
The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSMIV) says pathological gambling involves persistent recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of taking risks in quest of a windfall (44) ______________Pushed by science or what claims to be science society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities (45) ______________
Fortyfour states have lotteries 29 have casinos and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on you might say addicted torevenues from wagering And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995 competition for gamblers＇ dollars has become intense The Oct 28 issue of NEWSWEEK reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1800 virtual casinos every week With 35 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year gambling has passed pornography as the Web＇s most profitable business
(A) Although no such evidence was presented the casino＇s marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected
(B) It is unclear what luring was required given his compulsive behavior And in what sense was his will operative
(C) By the time he had lost 5000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even he would quit One night he won 5500 but he did not quit
(D) Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin or a social disease Now it is a social policy the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is government
(E) David Williams’s suit should trouble this gambling nation But don’t bet on it
(F) It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems often defining as addictions what earlier sterner generations explained as weakness of will
(G) The anonymous lonely undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conductive to compulsive behavior But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling what would be its grounds for doing so
Part C
Directions
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese Our translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET2 (10 points)
Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society I am going to suggest that it is not true Father Bruckbergen told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected Americans But they have done more than that They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual It is they not Americans who have become antiintellectual
First the object of our study pleads for definition What is an intellectual (46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底) way about moral problems He explores such problem consciously articulately and frankly first by asking factual questions then by asking moral questions finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained (47) His function is analogous to that of a judge who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision
This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals the average scientist for one 48) I have excluded him because while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems Like other human beings he encounters moral issues even in everyday performance of his routine duties he is not supposed to cook his experiments manufacture evidence or doctor his reports (49) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business During most of his walking life he will take his code for granted as the businessman takes his ethics
The definition also excludes the majority of factors despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living (50) They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment This description even fits the majority eminent scholars Being learned in some branch of human knowledge in one thing living in public and industrious thoughts as Emerson would say is something else
Section III Writing
Part A
51 Directions
You want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area Write a letter to the department concerned asking them to help find a candidate You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan
Write your letter with no less than 100 words Write it on ANSWER SHEET 2 Do not sign your name at the end of the letter use Li Ming instead You do not need to write the address (10 points)
Part B
52 Directions
Study the following photos carefully and write an essay of 160~200 words in which you should
1describe the photos briefly
2interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them and
3give your point of view
两幅图片图1 崇拜写脸 图2 花300元做贝头
注：Beckham 英国足球明星
两张片张片位男士脸写着足球明星名字张片男子理发求理发师设计贝克汉姆发型波逐流云云
Part A ：完型填空答案：
• A Indeed
• BCope
• C with
• A ： raise
• D not
• C range
• B although
• C increasing
• A ： predicts
• A ： assist
• C even
• A lodging
• C crowding
• B shelter
• C survival
• D up
• B comprehensive
• C as
• A puts
• D coordination
Part A 阅读答案：
Text 1 21 C 22 A 23 C 24 D 25 A
Text3 31 A 32D 33C 34D 35B
Text4 36D 37B 38D 39B 40D
Part B 41C 42E 43B 44F 45D
Part C
46 ．会知识分子定义样苏格拉底方式思考道德问题作生责乐趣
47 ．知识分子作类似法官作必须接受样义务清楚方式揭示导致决定推理程
48 ．普通科学家排外成助解决道德问题解决道德问题现实方面外科学家解决问题
49 ．正指商全部精力投入探索商业行规范中样普通科学家务非思考控制行道德规范
50 ．知识分子教学方面做仅仅竟教学作谋生手段中底数涉道德判断类问题没根没进行独立思考
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Section I Use of English
Directions
Read the following text Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark ABCor D on ANSWER SHEET1(10points)
The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population__1__ homelessness has reached such proportions that local government can’t possibly _____2____ To help homeless people _____3___ independence the federal government must support job training programs_____4_____ the minimum wage and fund more lowcost housing_____5____everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless Estimates ____6__ anywhere from 600000 to 3 million _____7__ the figure may vary analysts do agree on another matter that the number of the homeless is_____8____ one of the federal government’s studies _____9__ that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade
Finding ways to __10__ this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult___11__when homeless individuals manage to find a ___12__ that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night a good number still spend the bulk of each day__13__ the street Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders Many others____14____not addicted or mentally ill simply lack the everyday __15__ skills need to turn their lives _____16__Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are_17___programs that address the many needs of the homeless _____18__ Edward Blotkowsk director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts___19__it There has to be _____20___of programs What we need is a package deal
1[A]Indeed [B]Likewise [C]Therefore [D]Furthermore
2[A]stand [B]cope [C]approve [D]retain
3[A]in [B]for [C]with [D]toward
4[A]raise [B]add [C]take [D]keep
5[A]generally [B]almost [C]hardly [D]not
6[A]cover [B]change [C]range [D]differ
7[A]Now that [B]Although [C]Provided [D]Except that
8[A]inflating [B]expanding [C]increasing [D]extending
9[A]predicts [B]displays [C]proves [D]discovers
10[A]assist [B]track [C]sustain [D]dismiss
11[A]Hence [B]But [C]Even [D]Only
12[A]lodging [B]shelter [C]dwelling [D]house
13[A]searching [B]strolling [C]crowding [D]wandering
14[A]when [B]once [C]while [D]whereas
15[A]life [B]existence [C]survival [D]maintenance
16[A]around [B]over [C]on [D]up
17[A]complex [B]comprehensive [C]complementary [D]compensating
18[A]So [B]Since [C]As [D]Thus
19[A]puts [B]interprets [C]assumes [D]makes
20[A]supervision [B]manipulation [C]regulation [D]coordination
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions
Read the following four texts Answer the questions below each text by choosing A BC or D Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1(40 points)
Text 1
In spite of endless talk of difference American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people This is the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse and the casualness and absence of consumption launched by the 19th –century department stores that offered vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite these were stores anyone could enter regardless of class or background This turned shopping into a public and democratic act The mass media advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization
Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous Writing for the National Immigration Forum Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at unprecedented level nor resistant to assimilation In 1998 immigrants were 98 percent of population in 1900 136 percent In the 10 years prior to 1990 31 immigrants arrived for every 1000 residents in the 10 years prior to 1890 92 for every 1000 Now consider three indices of assimilationlanguage home ownership and intermarriage
The 1990 Census revealed that a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English well or very well after ten years of residence The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English By the third generation the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families Hence the description of America as a graveyard for language By 1996 foreignborn immigrants who had arrive before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 756 percent higher than the 698 percent rate among nativeborn Americans
Foreignborn Asians and Hispanics have higher rates of intermarriage than do USborn whites and blacks By the third generation one third of Hispanic women are married to nonHispanics and 41 percent of AsianAmerican women are married to nonAsians
Rodriguez not that children in remote villages around world are fans of superstars like Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks yet some Americans fear that immigrant living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power
Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething in America Indeed It is big enough to have a bit of everything But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past today’s social induces suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment
21 The word homogenizing (Line 2 Paragraph 1) most probably means
A identifying B associating C assimilating D monopolizing
22 According to the author the department stores of the 19th century
Aplayed a role in the spread of popular culture
Bbecame intimate shops for common consumers
Csatisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite
Dowed its emergence to the culture of consumption
23 The text suggests that immigrants now in the US
Aare resistant to homogenization
Bexert a great influence on American culture
Care hardly a threat to the common culture
Dconstitute the majority of the population
24 Why are Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5
A To prove their popularity around the world
B To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants
C To give examples of successful immigrants
D To show the powerful influence of American culture
25 In the author’s opinion the absorption of immigrants into American society is
A rewardingB successfulC fruitlessD harmful
Text 2
StratfordonAvon as we all know has only one industry—William Shakespeare—but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (ASC) which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come not to see the plays but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights
The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare who earns their living was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noisemaking
The tourist streams are not entirely separate The sightseers who come by bus and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side—don’t usually see the plays and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford However the playgoers do manage a little sightseeing along with their playgoing It is the playgoers the ESC contends who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall
The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company Stratford cries poor traditionally Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge Hilton is building its own hotel there which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars the Lear Lounge the Banquo Banqueting Room and so forth and will be very expensive
Anyway the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row Last year its 1431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better) The reason of course is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low
It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele They come entirely for the plays not the sights They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over)lean pointed dedicated faces wearing jeans and sandals eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing—room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 1030 am
Text 3
When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world something strange happened to the large animals They suddenly became extinct Smaller species survived The large slowgrowing animals were easy game and were quickly hunted to extinction Now something similar could be happening in the oceans
That the seas are being overfished has been known for years What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean but rather changes in that biomass over time According to their latest paper published in Nature the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80 within 15 years of the start of exploitation In some longfished areas it has halved again since then
Dr Worm acknowledges that the figures are conservative One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved Today＇s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar which were not available 50 years ago That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes In the early days too longlines would have been more saturated with fish Some individuals would therefore not have been caught since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past Furthermore in the early days of longline fishing a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked That is no longer a problem because there are fewer sharks around now
Dr Myers and Dr Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline which future management efforts must take into account They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists that of the shifting baseline The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50 of its original levels Most fisheries are well below that which is a bad way to do business
31 The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that
A large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment
B small species survived as large animals disappeared
C large sea animals may face the same threat today
D Slowgrowing fish outlive fastgrowing ones
32 We can infer from Dr Myers and Dr Worm’s paper that
A the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90
B there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago
C the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20 of the original amount
D the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old
33 By saying these figures are conservative (Line 1 paragraph 3) Dr Worm means that
A fishing technology has improved rapidly
B then catchsizes are actually smaller then recorded
C the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss
D the data collected so far are out of date
34 Dr Myers and other researchers hold that
A people should look for a baseline that can’t work for a longer time
B fisheries should keep the yield below 50 of the biomass
C the ocean biomass should restored its original level
D people should adjust the fishing baseline to changing situation
35 The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’
Amanagement efficiency
Bbiomass level
Ccatchsize limits
Dtechnological application
Text 4
Many things make people think artists are weird and the weirdest may be this artists＇ only job is to explore emotions and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad
This wasn＇t always so The earliest forms of art like painting and music are those best suited for expressing joy But somewhere in the 19th century more artists began seeing happiness as insipid phony or worst of all boring as we went from Wordsworth＇s daffodils to Baudelaire＇s flowers of evil
You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen such misery But it＇s not as if earlier times didn＇t know perpetual war disaster and the massacre of innocents The reason in fact may be just the opposite there is too much damn happiness in the world today
After all what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness Advertising The rise of antihappy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media and with it a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology
People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery They worked until exhausted lived with few protections and died young In the West before mass communication and literacy the most powerful mass medium was the church which reminded worshippers that their souls were in peril and that they would someday be meat for worms Given all this they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too
Today the messages your average Westerner is bombarded with are not religious but commercial and forever happy Fastfood eaters news anchors text messengers all smiling smiling Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes And since these messages have an agendato lure us to open our wallets to make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable Celebrate commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks
What we forgetwhat our economy depends on is forgettingis that happiness is more than pleasure without pain The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment Today surrounded by promises of easy happiness we need someone to tell us as religion once did Memento mori remember that you will die that everything ends and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it It＇s a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette yet somehow a breath of fresh air
36By citing the example of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire the author intends to show that
A Poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music
B Art grow out of both positive and negative feeling
C Poets today are less skeptical of happiness
D Artist have changed their focus of interest
37 The word bummer (Line 5 paragraph 5) most probably means something
A religiousB unpleasant C entertaining D commercial
38In the author’s opinion advertising
Aemerges in the wake of the antihappy part
Bis a cause of disappointment for the general peer
Creplace the church as a major source of information
Dcreates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself
39We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes
AHappiness more often than not ends in sadness
BThe antihappy art is distasteful by refreshing
CMisery should be enjoyed rather than denied
DThe antihappy art flourishes when economy booms
40Which of the following is true of the text
AReligion once functioned as a reminder of misery
BArt provides a balance between expectation and reality
CPeople feel disappointed at the realities of morality
Dmass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths
Part B
Directions
In the following text some sentences have been removed For Questions 4145 choose the most suitable one from the list A G to fit into each of numbered blanks There are two extra choices which do not fit in any of the blanks Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (10 points)
On the north bank of the Ohio River sits Evansville Ind home of David Williams 52 and of a riverboat casino where gambling games are played During several years of gambling in that casino Williams a state auditor earning 35000 a year lost approximately 175000 He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for 20 worth of gambling
He visited the casino lost the 20 and left On his second visit he lost 800 The casino issued to him as a good customer a Fun Card which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks and enables the casino to track the user＇s gambling activities For Williams these activities become what he calls electronic morphine (41)______________ In 1997 he lost 21000 to one slot machine in two days In March 1997 he lost 72186 He sometimes played two slot machines at a time all night until the boat locked at 5 am then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 am Now he is suing the casino charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted It did know he had a problem
In March 1998 a friend of Williams＇s got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions and wrote to inform the casino of Williams＇s gamblers The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers and wrote to him a cease admissions letter noting the medicalpsychological nature of problem gambling behaviors the letter said that before being readmitted to the patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety have to his safety or wellbeing (42) ______________
The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 20 signs warning Enjoy the fun and always bet with your head not over it Every entrance ticket lists a tollfree number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health Nevertheless Williams＇s suit charges that the casino knowing he was helplessly addicted to gambling intentionally worked to love him to engage in conduct against his will well (43) ______________
The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSMIV) says pathological gambling involves persistent recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of taking risks in quest of a windfall (44) ______________Pushed by science or what claims to be science society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities (45) ______________
Fortyfour states have lotteries 29 have casinos and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on you might say addicted torevenues from wagering And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995 competition for gamblers＇ dollars has become intense The Oct 28 issue of NEWSWEEK reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1800 virtual casinos every week With 35 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year gambling has passed pornography as the Web＇s most profitable business
(A) Although no such evidence was presented the casino＇s marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected
(B) It is unclear what luring was required given his compulsive behavior And in what sense was his will operative
(C) By the time he had lost 5000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even he would quit One night he won 5500 but he did not quit
(D) Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin or a social disease Now it is a social policy the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is government
(E) David Williams’s suit should trouble this gambling nation But don’t bet on it
(F) It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems often defining as addictions what earlier sterner generations explained as weakness of will
(G) The anonymous lonely undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conductive to compulsive behavior But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling what would be its grounds for doing so
Part C
Directions
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese Our translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET2 (10 points)
Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society I am going to suggest that it is not true Father Bruckbergen told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected Americans But they have done more than that They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual It is they not Americans who have become antiintellectual
First the object of our study pleads for definition What is an intellectual (46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底) way about moral problems He explores such problem consciously articulately and frankly first by asking factual questions then by asking moral questions finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained (47) His function is analogous to that of a judge who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision
This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals the average scientist for one 48) I have excluded him because while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems Like other human beings he encounters moral issues even in everyday performance of his routine duties he is not supposed to cook his experiments manufacture evidence or doctor his reports (49) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business During most of his walking life he will take his code for granted as the businessman takes his ethics
The definition also excludes the majority of factors despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living (50) They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment This description even fits the majority eminent scholars Being learned in some branch of human knowledge in one thing living in public and industrious thoughts as Emerson would say is something else
Section III Writing
Part A
51 Directions
You want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area Write a letter to the department concerned asking them to help find a candidate You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan
Write your letter with no less than 100 words Write it on ANSWER SHEET 2 Do not sign your name at the end of the letter use Li Ming instead You do not need to write the address (10 points)
Part B
52 Directions
Study the following photos carefully and write an essay of 160~200 words in which you should
1describe the photos briefly
2interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them and
3give your point of view
两幅图片图1 崇拜写脸 图2 花300元做贝头
注：Beckham 英国足球明星
两张片张片位男士脸写着足球明星名字张片男子理发求理发师设计贝克汉姆发型波逐流云云
Part A ：完型填空答案：
• A Indeed
• BCope
• C with
• A ： raise
• D not
• C range
• B although
• C increasing
• A ： predicts
• A ： assist
• C even
• A lodging
• C crowding
• B shelter
• C survival
• D up
• B comprehensive
• C as
• A puts
• D coordination
Part A 阅读答案：
Text 1 21 C 22 A 23 C 24 D 25 A
Text3 31 A 32D 33C 34D 35B
Text4 36D 37B 38D 39B 40D
Part B 41C 42E 43B 44F 45D
Part C
46 ．会知识分子定义样苏格拉底方式思考道德问题作生责乐趣
47 ．知识分子作类似法官作必须接受样义务清楚方式揭示导致决定推理程
48 ．普通科学家排外成助解决道德问题解决道德问题现实方面外科学家解决问题
49 ．正指商全部精力投入探索商业行规范中样普通科学家务非思考控制行道德规范
50 ．知识分子教学方面做仅仅竟教学作谋生手段中底数涉道德判断类问题没根没进行独立思考
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