电古代诗歌散文专题综合复考试抄
1诗中风雅颂指什？
答：根乐调分风雅颂三类
风区方音乐风诗周南召南邶鄘卫王郑齐魏唐秦陈桧曹豳等15区采集土风歌谣160篇部分民歌
雅周王直辖区音乐谓正声雅乐雅诗宫廷宴享会时乐歌音乐分雅31篇雅74篇105篇雅中少量民歌外部分贵族文作品
颂宗庙祭祀舞曲歌辞容歌颂祖先功业颂诗分周颂31篇鲁颂4篇商颂5篇40篇全部贵族文作品时间周颂雅部分产生西周初期雅部分雅部分产生西周期东迁时国风部分鲁颂商颂产生春秋时期思想性艺术价值三颂二雅二雅十五国风
1 试举例分析诗风诗雅诗表现容？
答：诗中风诗容：风诗抒发体情感表现真实私生活心愿爱情诗怨刺诗1婚恋诗（1）开放爱情周南·关雎
郑风·野蔓草等（2）乐悲婚生活郑风·女曰鸡鸣卫风·氓等2怨刺诗（1）揭露统治者丑行邶风·新台（2）表现层民众悲苦（邶风·北门
2 谓赋兴？试举例说明？
答：赋——铺陈叙事七月便运赋手法交代年四季农夫生活
——方卫风硕喻描述硕容貌
兴——物发端物引起咏词
3 什说诗确立中国古典诗关注生传统？
答：首先诗开创中国古代诗歌抒情传统次诗奠定风雅精神高追求诗学旨趣风雅指温柔敦厚诗风指反映现实干预时政政治情怀次诗确立中国文学重视兴创作原谓兴说文学作品形象必须寄托讽喻政治批评现实空虚指
4 离骚寄情草木托意男女？种手法世文学创作影响？
答：离骚中具象征意义意象两类：草木女1草木喻高贵品格意象系统（1）香草作公配饰象征公高洁品质（2）香草象征古代三身边君子（3）培植香草象征培养2美开创中国古典文学甚中国文化男女情英隐喻君臣义传统（1）美拟美众女美灵修关系喻现实中诗员关系诗楚王君臣关系（2）求女象征求君者通君侧
离骚艺术手法取光辉成中国古代文学奠定香草美传统离骚屈原代表作品篇宏伟壮丽政治抒情诗艺术具极高造诣独特风格奠定中国古典文学浪漫传统（1）情感表达表现求索屈服黑暗势力斗争精神动担直面悲剧勇气（2）艺术方面表现神话宗教素运香草美表现手法
5 试屈原作品例说明楚辞体诗体特征
答：楚辞诗种兴盛楚具楚特色新型诗体体制四诗显著特征：楚辞句式规模接散文二量字句子结尾常常句子中间三聚聚韵增强节奏感四楚辞常三字节节奏
6 试结合具体作品分析汉代乐府诗艺术特色
答：汉代乐府诗特色：1 叙事手法娴熟巧妙（1）善选取生活中富诗意片段统压缩叙事空间矛盾集中焦点（2）塑造批栩栩生艺术形象善运富表现力艺术手法细节描写传神话层层烘托等刻画物突出物性格2 感情抒发质朴纯挚感情抒发事雕琢实流畅然道具浑然天成艺术效果3 语言质俚浅深远
7 谈谈汉乐府感哀乐缘事发理解
答：感哀乐缘事发 著名史学家班固汉代乐府诗歌典评价班固义指乐府作者感事心生哀乐作歌抒情事事引发该首诗歌创作具体事件触发诗情契机诗事叙述出事叙述出缘事叙事回事感哀乐 概括汉乐府创作动机强调情造文文造情乐府诗感情抒发质朴纯挚汉代乐府诗风格相深婉率直悲怨慷慨统质朴总体风格谓质朴指乐府诗感情抒发事雕琢实流畅然道具浑然天成艺术效果语言质俚浅深远尤体现质朴纯挚抒情特征江南采莲缘事发 概括汉乐府传播特点汉乐府民歌传播程中形成事诗文相结合特点
8 试结合作品分析孔雀东南飞诗艺术成
答： 艺术成：1 卓越叙事技巧：（1）两条线索条线索刘兰芝婆母兄长矛盾突条线索刘兰芝焦仲卿间爱情（2） 精心选择具表现力叙事单元叙述情节单元时显容致2 塑造鲜明物形象：（1） 诗物置身矛盾漩涡中运性化话行动环境景物衬托等种艺术手法（3） 两条叙事线索围绕刘兰芝展开处矛盾中信众物形成鲜明3 明显民间文学特征富浪漫色彩
9 试述汉乐府世诗歌创作产生影响
答：1开窗中国古典诗歌史感哀乐缘事发乐府传统2创造新诗歌形式掩体五言诗3艺术手法特汉乐府民歌叙事诗写作技巧影响非常
11试析汉代乐府诗容艺术特色
答：乐府诗容：感哀乐缘事发全面深刻反映层民众生活生命体验尤注重反映艰辛痛苦揭示出社会矛盾尖锐
1揭示社会矛盾尤社会公
2描写战争带痛苦
3展示情感世界
艺术特色：
1叙事手法娴熟巧妙
（1）善选取生活中富诗意片段通压缩叙事空间矛盾集中焦点
（2）塑造批栩栩生艺术形象善运富表现力艺术手法细节描写传神话层层烘托等刻画物突出物性格
2感情抒发质朴纯挚感情抒发事雕琢实流畅然道具浑然天成艺术效果
3语言质俚浅深远
12简述曹操乐府诗特点
答：
1容继承汉乐府感哀乐缘事发传统反映汉末社会现实表达政治抱负生理想
2继承发扬汉乐府质朴文学传统语言毫雕饰琢磨痕迹
13杜甫新题乐府容艺术什特点？
答：
1善综合运汉魏南北乐府民歌传统手法通高度概括场面描写史诗般手笔展现出广阔社会背景
2善利哥行赋化容量长处富跳跃性抒情性特点丰富叙事手段增加叙事面性
3取法汉乐府重形似化汉乐府神理极创新乐府诗表现手法
14试结合作品分析白居易新乐府实践诗歌合事作理张答：新乐府 新题乐府相古乐府言指种新题写时事乐府诗入乐否作标准新乐府诗始创杜甫元结顾况等继承白居易元稹力提倡新乐府序中白居易明确指出作诗标准：辞质径欲见者易谕言直切欲闻者深诫事核实采者传信体肆播乐章歌曲里质径直切 核实肆分强调语言须质朴通俗议须直白显露写事须绝假纯真形式须流利畅达具歌谣色彩说诗歌必须写真实信浅显易懂便入乐歌唱算达极致 白居易诗歌提出求全部目补察时政紧接着说：总言君臣民物事作文作 （新乐府序）元九书中回顾早年创作情形说：登年齿渐长阅事渐言询时务读书史求理道始知文章合时著歌诗合事作时事作首君作说：伤民病痛识时忌讳（伤唐衢二首二）创作量反映民生疾苦讽谕诗总体指唯歌生民病愿天子知（寄唐生）民情达天听皇帝开壅蔽达情政治会趋休明
讽谕诗表现形式数采直赋事方法卖炭翁新丰折臂翁缚戎井底引银瓶等叙事完整情节生动刻画情物态细致传神发展中国叙事诗传统积极贡献部分讽谕诗采寓言托物手法然物象寄托作者政治感慨黑潭龙写家家户户杀猪祭龙王酒肉实际喂狐狸深居九重龙王什知道形象描绘出皇帝耳目闭塞官吏侍贪污中饱民惨遭剥削情况题海图屏风通海中鳌兴风作浪鲸鲵助威肆虐造成万里活鳞百川倒流 景象时藩镇割联合叛唐政治局面作真实写
15举例说明五古体质特点答：五言五字句七言七字句五言古诗简称五古七言古诗简称七古
古风分五古七古致分法实五言七言处谓杂言简单说七五诗句字数言律诗限制较严格古体诗限制较松古诗十九首五言古诗汉代写五言古诗南北时诗五言唐代古体诗中五言较
五古体质特点：
1句数限
2否仗没严格求古体诗仗极端般讲究仗果方仗修辞需格律求杜甫岁晏行样首长诗竟没处仗岑参白雪歌仗句宽
①体诗中字相古体诗字相杜甫石壕吏：老翁踰墙走老妇出门
②体诗中仗求仄相古体诗求仄相白居易伤宅：攀枝摘樱桃带花移牡丹
③体诗中仗求工古体诗中仗求拙
3限仄
声声通韵声仄声般通韵入声字般声通韵例：〔唐〕白居易伤宅：谁家起甲第朱门道边？丰屋中栉高墙外回环……奉身直欲保千年？见马家宅作奉诚园？全篇两句韵声韵
4韵
古体诗通韵韵底例：〔唐〕李白古风五十九首十四：胡关饶风沙萧索竟终古木落秋草黄登高戎虏……见征戍岂知关山苦？李牧边饲豺虎全篇两句韵仄声韵韵底（声七麌韵）
16谓建安风骨？中国诗歌创作影响？
答：建安风骨指汉魏际曹氏父子建安七子等诗文俊爽刚健风格 汉末建安时期文坛巨匠三曹（曹操曹丕曹植）七子（孔融陈琳王粲徐干阮瑀应玚刘桢）直承汉乐府民歌现实义精神真实广泛反映动乱社会现实民苦难
展示广阔时代生活画面表现作家建功立业理想壮志积极进取精神流露生短促壮志难酬悲凉幽怨情绪作品意境宏笔调明朗风格雄健深沉慷慨悲凉具鲜明时代特征性特色建安诗歌种独特风格称建安风骨尊典范
影响表现文学理创作实践方面首先文学观念进步明确次正基诗歌辞情重视两晋诗坛辞藻行唯美风气昌炽影响巨 建安风骨魏晋风度予盛唐气象养料现代五四文学影响
17陶渊明田园诗情景事理结合起？试结合作品进行分析
答：陶渊明中国文学史影响极深远著名诗散文家特田园诗中国古典诗歌开辟新境界巧妙情景理三者结合起描述农村风光田园生活诗歌风格清新然描写细腻具强烈艺术魅力
诗歌创作中情景理三者交融关重情重离开情景没生气离开情理更淡寡味空理景理果没浓厚感情渗透便失作品生命力陶渊明田园诗中飞禽走兽花卉草木山山水水饱含强烈思想感情时诗善寓情理生现实深刻认识形象化诗情哲理景物紧密结合起清新然毫枯燥感觉鸟诗全篇寓意明显倦飞鸟正作者格象征鸟举动体现着诗思想性格诗中项景物带陶渊明感情色彩饮酒诗第五首：结庐境章法说田园诗咏怀诗哲理诗诗中景情理水乳交融互相渗透互相衬托角度欣赏领略奇趣享受美种深厚醇美艺术境界决定陶渊明中国文学史法代位
18试述王维孟浩然五古特点
答：王维五古：
1 容描写山水田园
王维诗充满生活爱意眼前景构成静谧世界充满谐友爱潇闲日松间泉流石虎兽心善鸟禽天真深层次象征没纷争竞斗社会理想诗生活世爱意浓浓瀑泼出
2艺术表现诗中画
（1）捕捉瞬间变化景物重视色彩光线谐鹿柴鸟鸣涧通篇巧妙敷色光
（2）合理布局取势构图意余象绘画妙更风神摇曳迥天意终南山木兰柴等
（3）画空间艺术诗文字表现远高低变化诗善画境转化诗境空白转化成韵味汉江泛山居事等
诗中充满画意质感诗句触目见雨中草色绿堪染水桃花红欲燃（辋川业）嫩竹含新粉红莲脱衣（山居事）荆溪白石出天寒红叶稀（山中）寒山转苍翠秋水日潺缓（辋川闲居赠裴迪）等等
孟浩然五古：
1 容描写山水景物
山水景物南诗歌重题材历长期发展取显著成孟浩然山水诗提升新境界表现：诗中情景关系仅彼衬托常常水乳交融般密合诗意境剔
切必谐调成分显更加单纯明净诗结构更加完美孟浩然旅程中偏爱水行说：山水乐频作泛舟行（七里滩）诗常写漫游南国水乡见优美景色引发情趣：
落景余清晖轻桡弄溪渚澄明爱水物泛容白首垂钓翁
新妆浣纱女相似相识脉脉语 （耶溪泛舟）
垂钓坐盘石水清心闲鱼行潭树猿挂岛藤间游女昔解佩传闻山求月棹歌 （万山潭作）
2 艺术表现气象清远淡然
（1）孟浩然诗抒情诗融入诗思想感情少写生活事件景物融进少思想感情淹没事件景物中抒情味道淡
（2）孟浩然写生活景物时少极笔力摹写少雕琢粉饰叙述笔调表现出脱形似握手已违（司空图诗品·淡）样诗中生活景物淡
（3）孟浩然诗构思结构手法语言力求然力求淳真诗艺术淡
19试五古七古作品例分析杜甫诗歌诗圣诗史称涵
答：杜甫国古代现实义诗出生唐代社会盛转衰历史转折口历安史乱安史乱饱苦难生 转衰历史转折口历安史乱安史乱饱苦难生诗 诗歌创作中流露出忧国忧民情怀形成沉郁顿挫诗歌风格仅 诗歌创作中流露出忧国忧民情怀形成沉郁顿挫诗歌风格仅 杜甫诗歌传达出唐代社会沉重悲哀历史事件真实记录 杜甫诗歌传达出唐代社会沉重悲哀历史事件真实记录 称诗史 称诗史
杜诗诗史性质提供史事实史实提供事件杜诗提供事件更广阔更具体更生动生活画面史称玄宗期沉湎声色记载少事实杜甫京赴奉先县咏怀五百字中真切感受沉湎声色情景： 凌晨骊山御榻嵽嵲蚩尤塞寒空蹴踏崖谷滑瑶池气郁律羽林相摩戛君臣留欢娱乐动殷胶葛赐浴皆长缨宴非短褐彤庭分帛寒女出鞭挞夫家聚敛贡城阙……况闻金盘卫霍室中堂神仙烟雾蒙玉质爰客貂鼠裘悲逐清瑟劝客驼蹄羹霜橙压香橘朱门酒肉臭路冻死骨
里描写具体情景连面情景时感觉氛围情思写战争带百姓苦难家庭写起写遭遇写心悲酸家：
寂寞天宝园庐蒿藜里百馀家世乱东西存者消息死者尘泥贱子败阵寻旧蹊久行见空巷日瘦气惨凄狐狸竖毛啼四邻二老寡妻
写乡荒凉老母病死家尚次军令忍卒读战火中心世界展开令千载动情羌村三首哀王孙哀江头北征等诗种写法诗直接写时事写感慨颠沛战乱中场灾难息息相关心情系未离时局感怆里感受时社会某心理状态认识历史起初面貌说类诗具诗史意义
杜甫生活唐盛转衰历史时期诗涉笔社会动荡政治黑暗民疾苦誉「诗史」李白忧国忧民格高尚
诗艺精湛奉「诗圣」
杜甫生活动乱时代时代充满愤慨种情感欲喷薄 出时仁者心儒家涵养形成中处事心态便喷薄欲出 悲怆抑制住变低缓深沉变低回起伏作者通诗歌抒发忧国 忧民情怀诗歌记录历史事件安史乱 生动生活画面真实记录唐王兴衰说杜甫诗 补史失载首忆昔：
忆昔开元全盛日邑犹藏万家室
稻米流脂粟米白公私仓廪俱丰实
九州道路豺虎远行劳吉日出
齐纨鲁缟车班班男耕女桑相失
首诗描写开元盛世繁荣景象社会安定天太稻米流脂粟 米白公私仓廪俱丰实句说农业连年获丰收粮食装满公家私 仓库民生活十分富裕充分说明时代民生活富足 九州道 路豺虎远行劳吉日出句意思出门行道担心歹更必选 择吉利日子出行见时社会政局稳定通诗充分解 开元年间中国封建社会出现前未盛世景象开元盛世社会风 貌见诗提供史事实证史补史补足
杜甫生历坎坷报国门见证唐王盛转衰程孕育 出代诗史诗歌史认识价值诗存史诗证 史历史考证起估量作具历史文献价值
20试结合作品谈谈杜甫诗沉郁顿挫风格理解
答：登高首诗杜甫晚年作品抒发诗重阳登高感表现出种思念家乡悲郁情思首诗杨伦称杜集七言律第风急天高猿啸哀渚清沙白鸟飞回 边落木萧萧长江滚滚 万里悲秋长作客百年病独登台艰难苦恨繁霜鬓 潦倒新停浊酒杯前四句写深秋落寞气象风急天高 节候世界带 落木萧萧长江滚滚切景象挽回走没落表现出 时间穷诗然壮志难酬体现出诗愁苦沉郁悲凉感情油然生四句处落笔萧瑟苍劲雄浑壮阔进步体现诗沉郁心情四句中诗哀叹生艰难苦四字中限悲凉极沉痛哀绝生出白发穷困潦倒引发诗忧国忧民情感首诗侧面证实唐王辉煌挽回走落败 沉郁顿挫 诗格调苍茫浑厚语句苍劲硬朗思想性方面说杜甫诗歌沉郁顿挫具深沉现实感历史感
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请您删容O(∩_∩)O谢谢2015年中央电期末复考试抄全电期末考试必备抄电考试必抄请您删容O(∩_∩)O谢谢2015年中央电期末复考试抄全电期末考试必备抄电考试必抄The battle for young viewers CCTV is embracing Internet culture and working with independent producers on TV shows to woo audiences under 35 Han Bing bin reports After charming audiences with his warm smile for 14 years China Central Television host Li Jiaming recently found himself targeted by a group of young netizens unhappy with his style The complaints came after Li hosted the premiere of Rising Star on Oct 31 It is a singing competition show that originated in Israel Many young netizens found his hosting style slow and boring and mocked it as CCTV evening gala style They even initiated an online campaign to replace him The 40yearold host＇s reaction to the criticism was surprising During the second episode he jokingly called himself the slow Jiaming and acted much younger talking faster and louder It＇s like selling a product When the customers file a complaint you must change says Li In the Internet age you get feedback very quickly These young people are so cute When you＇re willing to change for them they will quickly like you back In order to win more young viewers CCTV is relying on programs such as Rising Star to embrace Internet culture In Rising Star a studio audience and fans watching on television vote for their favorite singers in real time using the instantmessaging app WeChat Rising Star was designed to be a live broadcast but the Chinese version isn＇t because of policy reasons Still WeChat votes by viewers at home are still a major factor in determining which contestants advance to the next round In the show＇s latest episode more than 65 million votes were cast via WeChat Now the competition among entertainment shows is very fierce Audiences have more diverse needs CCTV needs to embrace an open attitude interact with young audiences and blend with the Internet says Lyu Yitao director of CCTV＇s entertainment channel The producer of Rising Star Enlight Media says the program will have a phenomenal effect given CCTV＇s audience base nationwide But it comes with a challenge says Zhang Hang chief producer of the program and CEO of Enlight Media＇s TV business Unlike topranking provincial satellite channels such as Hunan TV which have a large base of young fans thanks to a series of phenomenally popular entertainment and reality shows CCTV productions are usually more conservative and serious and thus have a much older audience base If we were to run this program on Hunan we may attract twice as many viewers says Zhang But since we didn＇t make it there we now have to make the best out of the given conditions And it means we have to make certain compromises When the current season of Rising Star ends Zhang says his company will conduct an overall evaluation of the program and make adjustments for future seasons Although audience ratings haven＇t lived up to Zhang＇s expectations he says the program has already helped CCTV attract more young people According to Enlight Media the number of people ages 15 to 35 who watched the first episode of Rising Star was 76 percent higher than the usual audience for CCTV entertainment productions In order to attract young audiences CCTV has been working with independent production companies As one of CCTV＇s closest partners Enlight Media has produced several entertainment and reality shows for the company＇s channels including the Chinese version of The Biggest Loser on CCTV＇s business channel and an original teenager talent show Shaonian Zhongguo－qiang (Strong Young Chinese) on CCTV1 This year CCTV also licensed EEMedia the producer of the popular Super Girl talent shows to produce the talk show Hi 2014 hosted by Taiwan pop star Harlem Yu and one of China＇s most popular TV stars Xie Na The show is geared toward younger audiences Canxing Productions which rose to fame with the success of its Voice of China series on Zhejiang TV also produced two talent shows for CCTV One is an original production called Songs of China which ended up as one of CCTV＇s most watched programs of 2014 The State Administration of Press Publication Radio Film and Television announced earlier this year that starting in 2015 only one music talent show can be aired nationwide during prime time each season and there can be only one program based on foreign formats each year However domestic media report that such policies don＇t apply to CCTV meaning it will become a highly desired platform by production companies Wang Changtian CEO of Enlight Media confirmed to the Shanghai Securities News that its programs scheduled to air on CCTV next year which include at least two reality shows won＇t be affected A kung futhemed reality show produced by Canxing is also reportedly scheduled to run on CCTV next year CCTV is very active The level of its acceptance of new ideas is even beyond my imagination says Zhang Hang Our cooperation with CCTV will surely continue When winter comes nothing is more relaxing than a hot spring bath For thousands of years natural mineralrich hot spring baths have also been used to relieve health ailments The water found in natural hot springs contains a variety of different minerals and the most common one is sulfur It has a rotten egg smell but is excellent for skin The sulfurcontaining water might be just what the doctor ordered when it comes to relieving pain stress itchy skin arthritis and more Hot springs resorts are thriving as biting cold winter arrives Here we take a look at some of the best natural hot springs China has to offer
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1诗中风雅颂指什？
答：根乐调分风雅颂三类
风区方音乐风诗周南召南邶鄘卫王郑齐魏唐秦陈桧曹豳等15区采集土风歌谣160篇部分民歌
雅周王直辖区音乐谓正声雅乐雅诗宫廷宴享会时乐歌音乐分雅31篇雅74篇105篇雅中少量民歌外部分贵族文作品
颂宗庙祭祀舞曲歌辞容歌颂祖先功业颂诗分周颂31篇鲁颂4篇商颂5篇40篇全部贵族文作品时间周颂雅部分产生西周初期雅部分雅部分产生西周期东迁时国风部分鲁颂商颂产生春秋时期思想性艺术价值三颂二雅二雅十五国风
1 试举例分析诗风诗雅诗表现容？
答：诗中风诗容：风诗抒发体情感表现真实私生活心愿爱情诗怨刺诗1婚恋诗（1）开放爱情周南·关雎
郑风·野蔓草等（2）乐悲婚生活郑风·女曰鸡鸣卫风·氓等2怨刺诗（1）揭露统治者丑行邶风·新台（2）表现层民众悲苦（邶风·北门
2 谓赋兴？试举例说明？
答：赋——铺陈叙事七月便运赋手法交代年四季农夫生活
——方卫风硕喻描述硕容貌
兴——物发端物引起咏词
3 什说诗确立中国古典诗关注生传统？
答：首先诗开创中国古代诗歌抒情传统次诗奠定风雅精神高追求诗学旨趣风雅指温柔敦厚诗风指反映现实干预时政政治情怀次诗确立中国文学重视兴创作原谓兴说文学作品形象必须寄托讽喻政治批评现实空虚指
4 离骚寄情草木托意男女？种手法世文学创作影响？
答：离骚中具象征意义意象两类：草木女1草木喻高贵品格意象系统（1）香草作公配饰象征公高洁品质（2）香草象征古代三身边君子（3）培植香草象征培养2美开创中国古典文学甚中国文化男女情英隐喻君臣义传统（1）美拟美众女美灵修关系喻现实中诗员关系诗楚王君臣关系（2）求女象征求君者通君侧
离骚艺术手法取光辉成中国古代文学奠定香草美传统离骚屈原代表作品篇宏伟壮丽政治抒情诗艺术具极高造诣独特风格奠定中国古典文学浪漫传统（1）情感表达表现求索屈服黑暗势力斗争精神动担直面悲剧勇气（2）艺术方面表现神话宗教素运香草美表现手法
5 试屈原作品例说明楚辞体诗体特征
答：楚辞诗种兴盛楚具楚特色新型诗体体制四诗显著特征：楚辞句式规模接散文二量字句子结尾常常句子中间三聚聚韵增强节奏感四楚辞常三字节节奏
6 试结合具体作品分析汉代乐府诗艺术特色
答：汉代乐府诗特色：1 叙事手法娴熟巧妙（1）善选取生活中富诗意片段统压缩叙事空间矛盾集中焦点（2）塑造批栩栩生艺术形象善运富表现力艺术手法细节描写传神话层层烘托等刻画物突出物性格2 感情抒发质朴纯挚感情抒发事雕琢实流畅然道具浑然天成艺术效果3 语言质俚浅深远
7 谈谈汉乐府感哀乐缘事发理解
答：感哀乐缘事发 著名史学家班固汉代乐府诗歌典评价班固义指乐府作者感事心生哀乐作歌抒情事事引发该首诗歌创作具体事件触发诗情契机诗事叙述出事叙述出缘事叙事回事感哀乐 概括汉乐府创作动机强调情造文文造情乐府诗感情抒发质朴纯挚汉代乐府诗风格相深婉率直悲怨慷慨统质朴总体风格谓质朴指乐府诗感情抒发事雕琢实流畅然道具浑然天成艺术效果语言质俚浅深远尤体现质朴纯挚抒情特征江南采莲缘事发 概括汉乐府传播特点汉乐府民歌传播程中形成事诗文相结合特点
8 试结合作品分析孔雀东南飞诗艺术成
答： 艺术成：1 卓越叙事技巧：（1）两条线索条线索刘兰芝婆母兄长矛盾突条线索刘兰芝焦仲卿间爱情（2） 精心选择具表现力叙事单元叙述情节单元时显容致2 塑造鲜明物形象：（1） 诗物置身矛盾漩涡中运性化话行动环境景物衬托等种艺术手法（3） 两条叙事线索围绕刘兰芝展开处矛盾中信众物形成鲜明3 明显民间文学特征富浪漫色彩
9 试述汉乐府世诗歌创作产生影响
答：1开窗中国古典诗歌史感哀乐缘事发乐府传统2创造新诗歌形式掩体五言诗3艺术手法特汉乐府民歌叙事诗写作技巧影响非常
11试析汉代乐府诗容艺术特色
答：乐府诗容：感哀乐缘事发全面深刻反映层民众生活生命体验尤注重反映艰辛痛苦揭示出社会矛盾尖锐
1揭示社会矛盾尤社会公
2描写战争带痛苦
3展示情感世界
艺术特色：
1叙事手法娴熟巧妙
（1）善选取生活中富诗意片段通压缩叙事空间矛盾集中焦点
（2）塑造批栩栩生艺术形象善运富表现力艺术手法细节描写传神话层层烘托等刻画物突出物性格
2感情抒发质朴纯挚感情抒发事雕琢实流畅然道具浑然天成艺术效果
3语言质俚浅深远
12简述曹操乐府诗特点
答：
1容继承汉乐府感哀乐缘事发传统反映汉末社会现实表达政治抱负生理想
2继承发扬汉乐府质朴文学传统语言毫雕饰琢磨痕迹
13杜甫新题乐府容艺术什特点？
答：
1善综合运汉魏南北乐府民歌传统手法通高度概括场面描写史诗般手笔展现出广阔社会背景
2善利哥行赋化容量长处富跳跃性抒情性特点丰富叙事手段增加叙事面性
3取法汉乐府重形似化汉乐府神理极创新乐府诗表现手法
14试结合作品分析白居易新乐府实践诗歌合事作理张答：新乐府 新题乐府相古乐府言指种新题写时事乐府诗入乐否作标准新乐府诗始创杜甫元结顾况等继承白居易元稹力提倡新乐府序中白居易明确指出作诗标准：辞质径欲见者易谕言直切欲闻者深诫事核实采者传信体肆播乐章歌曲里质径直切 核实肆分强调语言须质朴通俗议须直白显露写事须绝假纯真形式须流利畅达具歌谣色彩说诗歌必须写真实信浅显易懂便入乐歌唱算达极致 白居易诗歌提出求全部目补察时政紧接着说：总言君臣民物事作文作 （新乐府序）元九书中回顾早年创作情形说：登年齿渐长阅事渐言询时务读书史求理道始知文章合时著歌诗合事作时事作首君作说：伤民病痛识时忌讳（伤唐衢二首二）创作量反映民生疾苦讽谕诗总体指唯歌生民病愿天子知（寄唐生）民情达天听皇帝开壅蔽达情政治会趋休明
讽谕诗表现形式数采直赋事方法卖炭翁新丰折臂翁缚戎井底引银瓶等叙事完整情节生动刻画情物态细致传神发展中国叙事诗传统积极贡献部分讽谕诗采寓言托物手法然物象寄托作者政治感慨黑潭龙写家家户户杀猪祭龙王酒肉实际喂狐狸深居九重龙王什知道形象描绘出皇帝耳目闭塞官吏侍贪污中饱民惨遭剥削情况题海图屏风通海中鳌兴风作浪鲸鲵助威肆虐造成万里活鳞百川倒流 景象时藩镇割联合叛唐政治局面作真实写
15举例说明五古体质特点答：五言五字句七言七字句五言古诗简称五古七言古诗简称七古
古风分五古七古致分法实五言七言处谓杂言简单说七五诗句字数言律诗限制较严格古体诗限制较松古诗十九首五言古诗汉代写五言古诗南北时诗五言唐代古体诗中五言较
五古体质特点：
1句数限
2否仗没严格求古体诗仗极端般讲究仗果方仗修辞需格律求杜甫岁晏行样首长诗竟没处仗岑参白雪歌仗句宽
①体诗中字相古体诗字相杜甫石壕吏：老翁踰墙走老妇出门
②体诗中仗求仄相古体诗求仄相白居易伤宅：攀枝摘樱桃带花移牡丹
③体诗中仗求工古体诗中仗求拙
3限仄
声声通韵声仄声般通韵入声字般声通韵例：〔唐〕白居易伤宅：谁家起甲第朱门道边？丰屋中栉高墙外回环……奉身直欲保千年？见马家宅作奉诚园？全篇两句韵声韵
4韵
古体诗通韵韵底例：〔唐〕李白古风五十九首十四：胡关饶风沙萧索竟终古木落秋草黄登高戎虏……见征戍岂知关山苦？李牧边饲豺虎全篇两句韵仄声韵韵底（声七麌韵）
16谓建安风骨？中国诗歌创作影响？
答：建安风骨指汉魏际曹氏父子建安七子等诗文俊爽刚健风格 汉末建安时期文坛巨匠三曹（曹操曹丕曹植）七子（孔融陈琳王粲徐干阮瑀应玚刘桢）直承汉乐府民歌现实义精神真实广泛反映动乱社会现实民苦难
展示广阔时代生活画面表现作家建功立业理想壮志积极进取精神流露生短促壮志难酬悲凉幽怨情绪作品意境宏笔调明朗风格雄健深沉慷慨悲凉具鲜明时代特征性特色建安诗歌种独特风格称建安风骨尊典范
影响表现文学理创作实践方面首先文学观念进步明确次正基诗歌辞情重视两晋诗坛辞藻行唯美风气昌炽影响巨 建安风骨魏晋风度予盛唐气象养料现代五四文学影响
17陶渊明田园诗情景事理结合起？试结合作品进行分析
答：陶渊明中国文学史影响极深远著名诗散文家特田园诗中国古典诗歌开辟新境界巧妙情景理三者结合起描述农村风光田园生活诗歌风格清新然描写细腻具强烈艺术魅力
诗歌创作中情景理三者交融关重情重离开情景没生气离开情理更淡寡味空理景理果没浓厚感情渗透便失作品生命力陶渊明田园诗中飞禽走兽花卉草木山山水水饱含强烈思想感情时诗善寓情理生现实深刻认识形象化诗情哲理景物紧密结合起清新然毫枯燥感觉鸟诗全篇寓意明显倦飞鸟正作者格象征鸟举动体现着诗思想性格诗中项景物带陶渊明感情色彩饮酒诗第五首：结庐境章法说田园诗咏怀诗哲理诗诗中景情理水乳交融互相渗透互相衬托角度欣赏领略奇趣享受美种深厚醇美艺术境界决定陶渊明中国文学史法代位
18试述王维孟浩然五古特点
答：王维五古：
1 容描写山水田园
王维诗充满生活爱意眼前景构成静谧世界充满谐友爱潇闲日松间泉流石虎兽心善鸟禽天真深层次象征没纷争竞斗社会理想诗生活世爱意浓浓瀑泼出
2艺术表现诗中画
（1）捕捉瞬间变化景物重视色彩光线谐鹿柴鸟鸣涧通篇巧妙敷色光
（2）合理布局取势构图意余象绘画妙更风神摇曳迥天意终南山木兰柴等
（3）画空间艺术诗文字表现远高低变化诗善画境转化诗境空白转化成韵味汉江泛山居事等
诗中充满画意质感诗句触目见雨中草色绿堪染水桃花红欲燃（辋川业）嫩竹含新粉红莲脱衣（山居事）荆溪白石出天寒红叶稀（山中）寒山转苍翠秋水日潺缓（辋川闲居赠裴迪）等等
孟浩然五古：
1 容描写山水景物
山水景物南诗歌重题材历长期发展取显著成孟浩然山水诗提升新境界表现：诗中情景关系仅彼衬托常常水乳交融般密合诗意境剔
切必谐调成分显更加单纯明净诗结构更加完美孟浩然旅程中偏爱水行说：山水乐频作泛舟行（七里滩）诗常写漫游南国水乡见优美景色引发情趣：
落景余清晖轻桡弄溪渚澄明爱水物泛容白首垂钓翁
新妆浣纱女相似相识脉脉语 （耶溪泛舟）
垂钓坐盘石水清心闲鱼行潭树猿挂岛藤间游女昔解佩传闻山求月棹歌 （万山潭作）
2 艺术表现气象清远淡然
（1）孟浩然诗抒情诗融入诗思想感情少写生活事件景物融进少思想感情淹没事件景物中抒情味道淡
（2）孟浩然写生活景物时少极笔力摹写少雕琢粉饰叙述笔调表现出脱形似握手已违（司空图诗品·淡）样诗中生活景物淡
（3）孟浩然诗构思结构手法语言力求然力求淳真诗艺术淡
19试五古七古作品例分析杜甫诗歌诗圣诗史称涵
答：杜甫国古代现实义诗出生唐代社会盛转衰历史转折口历安史乱安史乱饱苦难生 转衰历史转折口历安史乱安史乱饱苦难生诗 诗歌创作中流露出忧国忧民情怀形成沉郁顿挫诗歌风格仅 诗歌创作中流露出忧国忧民情怀形成沉郁顿挫诗歌风格仅 杜甫诗歌传达出唐代社会沉重悲哀历史事件真实记录 杜甫诗歌传达出唐代社会沉重悲哀历史事件真实记录 称诗史 称诗史
杜诗诗史性质提供史事实史实提供事件杜诗提供事件更广阔更具体更生动生活画面史称玄宗期沉湎声色记载少事实杜甫京赴奉先县咏怀五百字中真切感受沉湎声色情景： 凌晨骊山御榻嵽嵲蚩尤塞寒空蹴踏崖谷滑瑶池气郁律羽林相摩戛君臣留欢娱乐动殷胶葛赐浴皆长缨宴非短褐彤庭分帛寒女出鞭挞夫家聚敛贡城阙……况闻金盘卫霍室中堂神仙烟雾蒙玉质爰客貂鼠裘悲逐清瑟劝客驼蹄羹霜橙压香橘朱门酒肉臭路冻死骨
里描写具体情景连面情景时感觉氛围情思写战争带百姓苦难家庭写起写遭遇写心悲酸家：
寂寞天宝园庐蒿藜里百馀家世乱东西存者消息死者尘泥贱子败阵寻旧蹊久行见空巷日瘦气惨凄狐狸竖毛啼四邻二老寡妻
写乡荒凉老母病死家尚次军令忍卒读战火中心世界展开令千载动情羌村三首哀王孙哀江头北征等诗种写法诗直接写时事写感慨颠沛战乱中场灾难息息相关心情系未离时局感怆里感受时社会某心理状态认识历史起初面貌说类诗具诗史意义
杜甫生活唐盛转衰历史时期诗涉笔社会动荡政治黑暗民疾苦誉「诗史」李白忧国忧民格高尚
诗艺精湛奉「诗圣」
杜甫生活动乱时代时代充满愤慨种情感欲喷薄 出时仁者心儒家涵养形成中处事心态便喷薄欲出 悲怆抑制住变低缓深沉变低回起伏作者通诗歌抒发忧国 忧民情怀诗歌记录历史事件安史乱 生动生活画面真实记录唐王兴衰说杜甫诗 补史失载首忆昔：
忆昔开元全盛日邑犹藏万家室
稻米流脂粟米白公私仓廪俱丰实
九州道路豺虎远行劳吉日出
齐纨鲁缟车班班男耕女桑相失
首诗描写开元盛世繁荣景象社会安定天太稻米流脂粟 米白公私仓廪俱丰实句说农业连年获丰收粮食装满公家私 仓库民生活十分富裕充分说明时代民生活富足 九州道 路豺虎远行劳吉日出句意思出门行道担心歹更必选 择吉利日子出行见时社会政局稳定通诗充分解 开元年间中国封建社会出现前未盛世景象开元盛世社会风 貌见诗提供史事实证史补史补足
杜甫生历坎坷报国门见证唐王盛转衰程孕育 出代诗史诗歌史认识价值诗存史诗证 史历史考证起估量作具历史文献价值
20试结合作品谈谈杜甫诗沉郁顿挫风格理解
答：登高首诗杜甫晚年作品抒发诗重阳登高感表现出种思念家乡悲郁情思首诗杨伦称杜集七言律第风急天高猿啸哀渚清沙白鸟飞回 边落木萧萧长江滚滚 万里悲秋长作客百年病独登台艰难苦恨繁霜鬓 潦倒新停浊酒杯前四句写深秋落寞气象风急天高 节候世界带 落木萧萧长江滚滚切景象挽回走没落表现出 时间穷诗然壮志难酬体现出诗愁苦沉郁悲凉感情油然生四句处落笔萧瑟苍劲雄浑壮阔进步体现诗沉郁心情四句中诗哀叹生艰难苦四字中限悲凉极沉痛哀绝生出白发穷困潦倒引发诗忧国忧民情感首诗侧面证实唐王辉煌挽回走落败 沉郁顿挫 诗格调苍茫浑厚语句苍劲硬朗思想性方面说杜甫诗歌沉郁顿挫具深沉现实感历史感
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9193
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9193
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9295
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99
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110111
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112113
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123126
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128
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131
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135141
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147150
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2122
161165
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170
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174175
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177182
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193195
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208
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213215
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253255
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257258
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263265
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2627
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2728
297299
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306308
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28
308310
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314315
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315317
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345346
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354356
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364365
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375
请您删容O(∩_∩)O谢谢2015年中央电期末复考试抄全电期末考试必备抄电考试必抄请您删容O(∩_∩)O谢谢2015年中央电期末复考试抄全电期末考试必备抄电考试必抄The battle for young viewers CCTV is embracing Internet culture and working with independent producers on TV shows to woo audiences under 35 Han Bing bin reports After charming audiences with his warm smile for 14 years China Central Television host Li Jiaming recently found himself targeted by a group of young netizens unhappy with his style The complaints came after Li hosted the premiere of Rising Star on Oct 31 It is a singing competition show that originated in Israel Many young netizens found his hosting style slow and boring and mocked it as CCTV evening gala style They even initiated an online campaign to replace him The 40yearold host＇s reaction to the criticism was surprising During the second episode he jokingly called himself the slow Jiaming and acted much younger talking faster and louder It＇s like selling a product When the customers file a complaint you must change says Li In the Internet age you get feedback very quickly These young people are so cute When you＇re willing to change for them they will quickly like you back In order to win more young viewers CCTV is relying on programs such as Rising Star to embrace Internet culture In Rising Star a studio audience and fans watching on television vote for their favorite singers in real time using the instantmessaging app WeChat Rising Star was designed to be a live broadcast but the Chinese version isn＇t because of policy reasons Still WeChat votes by viewers at home are still a major factor in determining which contestants advance to the next round In the show＇s latest episode more than 65 million votes were cast via WeChat Now the competition among entertainment shows is very fierce Audiences have more diverse needs CCTV needs to embrace an open attitude interact with young audiences and blend with the Internet says Lyu Yitao director of CCTV＇s entertainment channel The producer of Rising Star Enlight Media says the program will have a phenomenal effect given CCTV＇s audience base nationwide But it comes with a challenge says Zhang Hang chief producer of the program and CEO of Enlight Media＇s TV business Unlike topranking provincial satellite channels such as Hunan TV which have a large base of young fans thanks to a series of phenomenally popular entertainment and reality shows CCTV productions are usually more conservative and serious and thus have a much older audience base If we were to run this program on Hunan we may attract twice as many viewers says Zhang But since we didn＇t make it there we now have to make the best out of the given conditions And it means we have to make certain compromises When the current season of Rising Star ends Zhang says his company will conduct an overall evaluation of the program and make adjustments for future seasons Although audience ratings haven＇t lived up to Zhang＇s expectations he says the program has already helped CCTV attract more young people According to Enlight Media the number of people ages 15 to 35 who watched the first episode of Rising Star was 76 percent higher than the usual audience for CCTV entertainment productions In order to attract young audiences CCTV has been working with independent production companies As one of CCTV＇s closest partners Enlight Media has produced several entertainment and reality shows for the company＇s channels including the Chinese version of The Biggest Loser on CCTV＇s business channel and an original teenager talent show Shaonian Zhongguo－qiang (Strong Young Chinese) on CCTV1 This year CCTV also licensed EEMedia the producer of the popular Super Girl talent shows to produce the talk show Hi 2014 hosted by Taiwan pop star Harlem Yu and one of China＇s most popular TV stars Xie Na The show is geared toward younger audiences Canxing Productions which rose to fame with the success of its Voice of China series on Zhejiang TV also produced two talent shows for CCTV One is an original production called Songs of China which ended up as one of CCTV＇s most watched programs of 2014 The State Administration of Press Publication Radio Film and Television announced earlier this year that starting in 2015 only one music talent show can be aired nationwide during prime time each season and there can be only one program based on foreign formats each year However domestic media report that such policies don＇t apply to CCTV meaning it will become a highly desired platform by production companies Wang Changtian CEO of Enlight Media confirmed to the Shanghai Securities News that its programs scheduled to air on CCTV next year which include at least two reality shows won＇t be affected A kung futhemed reality show produced by Canxing is also reportedly scheduled to run on CCTV next year CCTV is very active The level of its acceptance of new ideas is even beyond my imagination says Zhang Hang Our cooperation with CCTV will surely continue When winter comes nothing is more relaxing than a hot spring bath For thousands of years natural mineralrich hot spring baths have also been used to relieve health ailments The water found in natural hot springs contains a variety of different minerals and the most common one is sulfur It has a rotten egg smell but is excellent for skin The sulfurcontaining water might be just what the doctor ordered when it comes to relieving pain stress itchy skin arthritis and more Hot springs resorts are thriving as biting cold winter arrives Here we take a look at some of the best natural hot springs China has to offer
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