初三英语知识点总结
介词by法
1 意……旁
Some are singing and dancing under a big tree Some are drawing by the lake
树唱歌跳舞湖边画画
2 意迟……时止
Your son will be all right by supper time
子晚饭前会
How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term
学期末已学少首英语歌曲
3 表示方法手段译作通坐等
The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing
猴子尾巴吊树哈哈笑
The boy’s father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph
孩子父亲感激教爱迪生样通铁路电报传达信息
4 表示逐逐批意思
One by one they went past the table in the dark
黑暗中张桌子
5 表示根意思
What time is it by your watch
表点
6 take hold等动词连说明接触身体某部分
Itook him by the hand
拉住手
7 动句中表示行体常译作等
English is spoken by many people
英语许说(许讲英语)
二 动名词(doing)
动名词相名词句子中做语宾语表语定语等
1 作语
Fighting broke out between the South and the North
南方北方开战
2 作宾语
Would you mind turning down your radio a little please
请问介意调点收音机音量
3 作表语
Babysister’s job is washingcooking and taking care of the children
保姆工作洗衣服作饭孩子
4 做定语
awashing machine 台洗衣机
三 used to 法
used to 意常常做某事
used to 法
1 肯定句used词没称变化to面接动词原形
否定句didn’t use to…
When I was a child I didn’t use to like apples
孩子时候喜欢苹果
疑问形式Did you use to…
Where did you use to live before you came here
前住
2 含used to 句子反意疑问句usedn’t + 语didn’t + 语
——He used to smoke didn’t he
——常常吸烟
Yes he did No he didn’t
吸 吸
四 动语态
动语态助动词be加物动词分词构成助动词be时态称数变化动语态时态be时态决定be什时态全句什时态be动词面分词变
1 种时态动语态结构
般现时动语态语+am is are (not)+分词
般时动语态语+was were +分词
现完成时动语态语+have has +been +分词
般时动语态语+will +be +分词
时动语态语+would should + be +分词
进行时动语态语+was were + being +分词
完成时动语态语+had + been +分词
情态动词动语态情态动词+be+分词
2 动语态法
(1)知道没必说明动作执行者谁by+动作执行者短语
Football is played widely all over the world
全世界广泛踢足球
(2)强调动作承受者
The bank was robbed yesterday afternoon
昨天午家银行遭抢劫
(3)作客观说明时常采种动语态句型
It is reported that about twenty children have died of flu in the USA
报道美国约二十名童死流感
3 动语态句子变动语态步骤
(1)原句中宾语变语
(2)动词改动形式be+分词
(3)原语果需话放by面果没必省略
五 虚拟语气
果说事实种假设愿建议种实现空想虚拟语气
注意条件句分两种真实条件句虚拟条件句虚拟(非真实)条件句中虚拟语气真实条件句中陈述语气
请较
(1)If it is sunny tomorrow we’ll go to the zoo
果明天天气会公园
句话中明天天气完全实现非虚拟幻想真实条件句句中适现
(2)If I were you I would go at once
果话立刻走
句话中条件句果事实成假设情况没实现条件实现性甚说没时需虚拟语气表示
虚拟语气表示现事实相反句般时句 shouldwouldcould might +动词原形例
If I had time I would go for a walk
If I were invited I would go to the dinner party
If I won a million dollars in the lottery I would put it in the bank
If I were you I’d wear a shirt and tie
注意虚拟语气句子中be动词werewas
六 mustmightcouldcan＇t
1 must
(1)must 表示观法意必须
You must stay here until I come back
Must I hand in my homework right now
must引导疑问句肯定回答must否定回答needn’t don’t have to
—Must I finish my homework
—No you needn’t
(2)must表示握推测意 定肯定肯定句
The light is on so he must be at home now
否定形式mustn’t表示禁止许
You mustn’t play with fire
You mustn’t be late
2 could
(1)can式意会表示力
He could write poems when he was 10
(2)could疑问句中表示委婉请求语气时could没式意思
Could you do me a favour
—Could I use your pen
—Yes you can(注意回答)
3 might
mightmay式might表示推测时表示性低may(时might没式意思)请求讲时may语气更委婉
He is away from school He might be sick
Might I use your dictionary
4 can
(1)表示力般译会尤指生具备力
She can swim fast but I can’t
(2)表示许常口语中
You can use my dictionary
(3)表示推测意常否定句疑问句中时can’t译
—Can the news be true
—No it can’t be our teacher He is on a visit to the Great Wall
七 定语句
1 定语句概念
复合句中修饰某名词代词句定语句修饰名词代词先行词引导定语句词关系词定语句般放先行词面
2 定语句关系词
引导定语句关系词关系代词关系副词常见关系代词包括that which who(宾格whom格whose)等关系副词包括where when why等关系代词关系副词放先行词定语句间起连接作时作定语句重成分
3 定语句分类
根定语句先行词关系定语句分限制性定语句非限制性定语句限制性定语句紧先行词句句逗号分开句省非限制性定语句句间逗号分开起补充说明作省意思完整
4 关系代词法
(1)that 指指物句中作语宾语表语作语时省略作宾语省略例
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle
玛丽喜欢轻柔音乐(that作语)
The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue
放桌子件外套蓝色(that作宾语)
(2)which指物句中作语宾语表语作语省略作宾语省略例
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket
位火车站附座楼家超市(作语)
The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful
昨天晚部电影(作宾语)
(3)who whom指who 作语whom作宾语口语中时who代whomwhowhom作宾语时省略例
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England
常英语方面帮助女孩英国(作语)
Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to
正李明谈话老师谁(作宾语)
4 关系副词法
(1)when指时间先行词表示时间when定语句中作时间状语例
This was the time when he arrived
达时间
(2)where指点先行词表示点where定语句中作点状语例
This is place where he works
工作点
(3)why 指原先行词原why定语句中做原状语例
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school
没知道什学总迟
延伸阅读初三英语学方法
错题集考前宝典
课程包括三环节预课练巩固三环节构成完整体系缺需学认真落实预帮助解教师教学意图明确学目标知道应做什做认真课基础课时应集中注意力动配合老师完成项教学活动时善做笔记选择性老师教授重点难点记录应积极回答问题口头表达中新学语言知识运实践组话品表演等加深印象做练时应首先复遍学单词语法然抛开课单词册笔记独立完成练样反映语言学真实掌握情况时时批改订正非常重建议学应准备错题集难题集学词汇词性转换时态固定句型等积累错题集成考前红宝书
二制定适合学计划
客观分析英语力实际水制定出操作实践英语学计划督促效提高英语成绩帮助某学英语成绩中等请教老师分析英语试卷发现语法基础知识部分答题情况良阅读理解写作部分失分较制定份英语学短期计划天完成老师布置学务加强课外阅读英语写作练力图两方面力突破学计划分短期计划中期计划长期计划需面实践面时总结调整记住正确学计划+认真执行梦想成真
三记单词窍门
单词英语学基础垒起英语座长城坚硬基石初三复阶段单词记忆非常重面笔者家介绍巧记单词方法
四选择佳记忆时间
学记忆惯佳记忆时间通实践摸索学选择记忆效果佳时间天清晨晚睡前坚持天背单词惯
五运单词身规律
记单词时应该结合单词构词法词性转换义词反义词纳巧记单词care(nV)careful(adj)careless(adj)carefully(adv)carelessly(adv)carefulness(n)carelessness(n)
六利种感官记忆
学背单词时常常读读写写边读边背事实利听觉加强记忆起效果单词读音拼写汉语词义录录音机里睡前学路反复听刺激注意强化记忆轻轻松松记住单词
七通类记忆
记忆单词时学目进行单词整理单词类写卡片利时空闲时间进行专项单词记忆体育项目类
highjump(跳高)longjump(跳远)discusthrowing(掷铁饼)relayrace(接力跑)110meterhurdles(110米跨栏)diving(跳水)fencing(击剑)boxing(拳击)tabletennis(乒乓球)tennis(网球)badminton(羽毛球)volleyball(排球)football(足球)basketball(篮球)gymnastics(体操)等
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介词by法
1 意……旁
Some are singing and dancing under a big tree Some are drawing by the lake
树唱歌跳舞湖边画画
2 意迟……时止
Your son will be all right by supper time
子晚饭前会
How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term
学期末已学少首英语歌曲
3 表示方法手段译作通坐等
The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing
猴子尾巴吊树哈哈笑
The boy’s father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph
孩子父亲感激教爱迪生样通铁路电报传达信息
4 表示逐逐批意思
One by one they went past the table in the dark
黑暗中张桌子
5 表示根意思
What time is it by your watch
表点
6 take hold等动词连说明接触身体某部分
Itook him by the hand
拉住手
7 动句中表示行体常译作等
English is spoken by many people
英语许说(许讲英语)
二 动名词(doing)
动名词相名词句子中做语宾语表语定语等
1 作语
Fighting broke out between the South and the North
南方北方开战
2 作宾语
Would you mind turning down your radio a little please
请问介意调点收音机音量
3 作表语
Babysister’s job is washingcooking and taking care of the children
保姆工作洗衣服作饭孩子
4 做定语
awashing machine 台洗衣机
三 used to 法
used to 意常常做某事
used to 法
1 肯定句used词没称变化to面接动词原形
否定句didn’t use to…
When I was a child I didn’t use to like apples
孩子时候喜欢苹果
疑问形式Did you use to…
Where did you use to live before you came here
前住
2 含used to 句子反意疑问句usedn’t + 语didn’t + 语
——He used to smoke didn’t he
——常常吸烟
Yes he did No he didn’t
吸 吸
四 动语态
动语态助动词be加物动词分词构成助动词be时态称数变化动语态时态be时态决定be什时态全句什时态be动词面分词变
1 种时态动语态结构
般现时动语态语+am is are (not)+分词
般时动语态语+was were +分词
现完成时动语态语+have has +been +分词
般时动语态语+will +be +分词
时动语态语+would should + be +分词
进行时动语态语+was were + being +分词
完成时动语态语+had + been +分词
情态动词动语态情态动词+be+分词
2 动语态法
(1)知道没必说明动作执行者谁by+动作执行者短语
Football is played widely all over the world
全世界广泛踢足球
(2)强调动作承受者
The bank was robbed yesterday afternoon
昨天午家银行遭抢劫
(3)作客观说明时常采种动语态句型
It is reported that about twenty children have died of flu in the USA
报道美国约二十名童死流感
3 动语态句子变动语态步骤
(1)原句中宾语变语
(2)动词改动形式be+分词
(3)原语果需话放by面果没必省略
五 虚拟语气
果说事实种假设愿建议种实现空想虚拟语气
注意条件句分两种真实条件句虚拟条件句虚拟(非真实)条件句中虚拟语气真实条件句中陈述语气
请较
(1)If it is sunny tomorrow we’ll go to the zoo
果明天天气会公园
句话中明天天气完全实现非虚拟幻想真实条件句句中适现
(2)If I were you I would go at once
果话立刻走
句话中条件句果事实成假设情况没实现条件实现性甚说没时需虚拟语气表示
虚拟语气表示现事实相反句般时句 shouldwouldcould might +动词原形例
If I had time I would go for a walk
If I were invited I would go to the dinner party
If I won a million dollars in the lottery I would put it in the bank
If I were you I’d wear a shirt and tie
注意虚拟语气句子中be动词werewas
六 mustmightcouldcan＇t
1 must
(1)must 表示观法意必须
You must stay here until I come back
Must I hand in my homework right now
must引导疑问句肯定回答must否定回答needn’t don’t have to
—Must I finish my homework
—No you needn’t
(2)must表示握推测意 定肯定肯定句
The light is on so he must be at home now
否定形式mustn’t表示禁止许
You mustn’t play with fire
You mustn’t be late
2 could
(1)can式意会表示力
He could write poems when he was 10
(2)could疑问句中表示委婉请求语气时could没式意思
Could you do me a favour
—Could I use your pen
—Yes you can(注意回答)
3 might
mightmay式might表示推测时表示性低may(时might没式意思)请求讲时may语气更委婉
He is away from school He might be sick
Might I use your dictionary
4 can
(1)表示力般译会尤指生具备力
She can swim fast but I can’t
(2)表示许常口语中
You can use my dictionary
(3)表示推测意常否定句疑问句中时can’t译
—Can the news be true
—No it can’t be our teacher He is on a visit to the Great Wall
七 定语句
1 定语句概念
复合句中修饰某名词代词句定语句修饰名词代词先行词引导定语句词关系词定语句般放先行词面
2 定语句关系词
引导定语句关系词关系代词关系副词常见关系代词包括that which who(宾格whom格whose)等关系副词包括where when why等关系代词关系副词放先行词定语句间起连接作时作定语句重成分
3 定语句分类
根定语句先行词关系定语句分限制性定语句非限制性定语句限制性定语句紧先行词句句逗号分开句省非限制性定语句句间逗号分开起补充说明作省意思完整
4 关系代词法
(1)that 指指物句中作语宾语表语作语时省略作宾语省略例
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle
玛丽喜欢轻柔音乐(that作语)
The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue
放桌子件外套蓝色(that作宾语)
(2)which指物句中作语宾语表语作语省略作宾语省略例
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket
位火车站附座楼家超市(作语)
The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful
昨天晚部电影(作宾语)
(3)who whom指who 作语whom作宾语口语中时who代whomwhowhom作宾语时省略例
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England
常英语方面帮助女孩英国(作语)
Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to
正李明谈话老师谁(作宾语)
4 关系副词法
(1)when指时间先行词表示时间when定语句中作时间状语例
This was the time when he arrived
达时间
(2)where指点先行词表示点where定语句中作点状语例
This is place where he works
工作点
(3)why 指原先行词原why定语句中做原状语例
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school
没知道什学总迟
延伸阅读初三英语学方法
错题集考前宝典
课程包括三环节预课练巩固三环节构成完整体系缺需学认真落实预帮助解教师教学意图明确学目标知道应做什做认真课基础课时应集中注意力动配合老师完成项教学活动时善做笔记选择性老师教授重点难点记录应积极回答问题口头表达中新学语言知识运实践组话品表演等加深印象做练时应首先复遍学单词语法然抛开课单词册笔记独立完成练样反映语言学真实掌握情况时时批改订正非常重建议学应准备错题集难题集学词汇词性转换时态固定句型等积累错题集成考前红宝书
二制定适合学计划
客观分析英语力实际水制定出操作实践英语学计划督促效提高英语成绩帮助某学英语成绩中等请教老师分析英语试卷发现语法基础知识部分答题情况良阅读理解写作部分失分较制定份英语学短期计划天完成老师布置学务加强课外阅读英语写作练力图两方面力突破学计划分短期计划中期计划长期计划需面实践面时总结调整记住正确学计划+认真执行梦想成真
三记单词窍门
单词英语学基础垒起英语座长城坚硬基石初三复阶段单词记忆非常重面笔者家介绍巧记单词方法
四选择佳记忆时间
学记忆惯佳记忆时间通实践摸索学选择记忆效果佳时间天清晨晚睡前坚持天背单词惯
五运单词身规律
记单词时应该结合单词构词法词性转换义词反义词纳巧记单词care(nV)careful(adj)careless(adj)carefully(adv)carelessly(adv)carefulness(n)carelessness(n)
六利种感官记忆
学背单词时常常读读写写边读边背事实利听觉加强记忆起效果单词读音拼写汉语词义录录音机里睡前学路反复听刺激注意强化记忆轻轻松松记住单词
七通类记忆
记忆单词时学目进行单词整理单词类写卡片利时空闲时间进行专项单词记忆体育项目类
highjump(跳高)longjump(跳远)discusthrowing(掷铁饼)relayrace(接力跑)110meterhurdles(110米跨栏)diving(跳水)fencing(击剑)boxing(拳击)tabletennis(乒乓球)tennis(网球)badminton(羽毛球)volleyball(排球)football(足球)basketball(篮球)gymnastics(体操)等
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