Unit 4 Everyday economics
阅读教材P44－45课文选出佳选项
1．Which one is not the benefit of the sharing economy
A．Saving money
B．Making money
C．Leaking personal information
D．Making friends
2．What is the author＇s attitude towards the sharing economy
A．Subjective B．Objective
C．Indifferent D．Neutral
[答案] 1－2 CB
Words and Phrases
discriminate v．歧视区辨
[教材P41] Howeversome people are less optimisticand argue that it discriminates against producers not part of the Good Deal movement
然乐观认歧视属Good Deal运动生产者
[例1] It is illegal to discriminate on grounds of race sex or religion
种族性宗教信仰实行歧视非法
[例2] A number of features discriminate this species from others
特征物种物种区开
[造句] 法律绝歧视穷偏袒富
The law does not discriminate against the poor and in favour of the rich
[知识拓展]
discriminate against 歧视排斥身攻击区
discriminate between A and B＝discriminate A from B
区分AB
discriminate in favour of sb 偏袒某
discrimination n 歧视偏袒区识
[学练] 单句语法填空
①Women complain that employers discriminate against female workers when calculating their rank and pay
②It is unfair to discriminate between black people and white people
③The Pope said the right to food was a right for all human beings without discrimination(discriminate)．
superior adj(品质价值)较位较高级(数量)占数占优势受……左右屈服 n．长官长辈 前辈 优越
[教材P41] This kind of Coffee has special features：superiorsmooth blendwith mild flavour
种咖啡特点：品质混合均匀味道温
[例1] He is superior to the other man
男子级高
[例2] That army won because of superior numbers
支军队取胜
[造句] 项技术定胜
You must be superior to me in this skill
[知识拓展]
A is superior to B＝A＇s superiority to B
A高B
superiority n 优越优先权
superior作形容词时身含较意思较级高级形式表示两者较superior tosuperior than
[学练] 单句语法填空
①This model is technically superior to its competitors
②He won the competition with obvious superiority (superior)．
sorrow n．悲伤悲痛悲哀伤心事悲伤事 v．感(表示)悲伤
[教材P44] Parents and teachers keep reminding us to share toyssnacksbookshappy memoriesand sometimes even sorrows with others
家长老师断提醒分享玩具零食书籍快乐回忆时甚悲伤
[例1] It was a time of great sorrow
非常悲伤时刻
[例2] Words cannot express my sorrow
言语法表达哀伤
[造句] 听死讯表示哀伤
He expressed his sorrow at the news of her death
[知识拓展]
(1)joys and sorrows 悲欢
(2)to one＇s sorrow 某伤心
more in sorrow than in anger 悲哀愤怒
(3)sorrowful adj 悲伤
[学练] 完成句子单句语法填空
①They said that the decision was made more in sorrow than in anger(说出气愤说出悲伤)．
②To my sorrow my car broke down
take off(飞机)起飞开始成功脱(衣服等)摘掉匆匆离开休假
[教材P44] The sharing economy is taking off in all sorts of areas
享济正领域蓬勃发展
[例1] They need to expand the number of farmers who are involved if the scheme＇s going to really take off
方案想真正成功需增加参农场数
[例2] In 1944he met Edith Piafand his career took off
1944年结识伊迪思·阿夫事业开始腾飞
[造句] 第三部电影电影表演事业开始起色
After his third filmhis career of film performance took off
[知识拓展]
take sthaway 解消(感情痛苦等)
take sbsthback ……重收回带回回 想起
take down 写记拆卸
take in 吸收理解欺骗收留
take on 具呈现担承担雇
take up 举(捡拔)起占事
take over 接接控制
[学练] 写出列句中take off含义
①Three planes were standing on the runwaywaiting to take off 起飞
②I wish you＇d take off that hat when you are in the classroom 摘掉
③CongratulationsPaulo Now maybe you can take a few days off 休假
④He took off because of his good performance 开始成功
⑤The six boys got into the car and took off for the drug store 匆匆离开
cut down削减减少砍倒夺……生命
[教材P45] What＇s moresharing encourages us to reuse itemsthereby cutting down on waste
更重分享鼓励重复物品减少浪费
[例1] If you spend more than your incomecan you try to cut down
果入敷出试着减少开支？
[例2] Cut down on animal fats found in red meathard cheeses and so on
减少摄入存红肉硬干酪等中动物脂肪
[造句] 汽车制造业缩减生产量
The car industry cut down production
[知识拓展]
cut in 插话(某)分享利润
cut up 伤伤心
cut out 删裁剪
cut through 开辟
cut off 切断中止隔绝剥夺继承权
[学练] 写出列句中cut down含义单句语法填空
①My uncle hasn＇t been able to quit smokingbut at least he has cut down 减少
②This article is too longand you have to cut it down to 1000 words 删减
③Immediate actions should be takenlike stopping cutting down treesto better the environment 砍倒
④Hungercold and illness cut down many of the villagers
夺……生命
⑤We were cut off in the middle of our telephone conversation because my cell phone was out of power
⑥It is impolite for children to cut in when their seniors are talking
case n．具体情况事例实例实情事实特殊情况盒子案例伤员
[教材P45] As is often the case all over the world with new areas of economic activitythe sharing economy is developing faster than existing regulations or ongoing supervision
正世界新济活动领域常出现情况样享济发展速度超现法规持续监
[例1] If that is the case(＝ if the situation described is true)we need more staff
果真样需更员工
[例2] It is simply not the case that prison conditions are improving
监狱条件改善情况绝非事实
[造句] 钱全部输光真事？
Is it the case that he has lost all his money
[知识拓展]
(1)in sb＇s case 某情况言
(2)in that case 果样话
in case 防万
in case of …………时候
the case 事实
in any case 样
[学练] 写出列句中casethe case含义单句语法填空完成句子
①There is a misbelief that popcorn is caloriefreebut that is not the case 事实
②These ideas can be true in certain casesbut very wrong in others
情况
③To attract more visitorsthe museum displayed the exhibition sunglass cases 盒子
④Judging from the whole processit was a typical case of bad management 案例
⑤Fortunatelythe most serious cases were treated at the scene of the accident 伤员
⑥There＇s no point complaining now—we＇re leaving tomorrow in any case
⑦You＇d better take the keys in case I＇m out(防万家)．
expense n．费费损失牺牲
[教材P45] Some companies are taking unfair advantage of this situation to expand their share of the marketoften at the expense of more traditional and established companies
公司正利种公情况扩市场份额牺牲更传统老牌公司代价
[例1] I spare no expense to collect the paintings by
Picasso
惜花费巨资收藏毕加索画
[例2] Our expenses far outweigh our income
支出远超收入
[造句] 筹措支付学费
He paid all the school expenses by himself
[知识拓展]
at one＇s own expense 费
at the public expense 公费
living expenses 生活费
at any expense 花少钱牺牲
at the expense of a person (某)费麻烦(某)
at the expense of 牺牲付出……代价
expensive adj 昂贵花钱
it is expensive ＋ to do ……花钱
[学练] 单句语法填空
①She gave a concert at her brother＇s expense
②He secured fame and wealth at the expense of his health
③It is expensive to travel (travel)by plane
段落意题
段落意类题型说明文议文中进行考查类文章涉种话题社会文化类科普说明类等设问形式常：
(1)What does the last paragraph talk about
(2)The main idea of the second paragraph probably is ．
解题技巧——首尾兼顾知段意
(1)段首：说明文议文中题句常段首句
(2)段尾：先表述细节纳概括段落中心段尾
[典例]
Meanwhilethings that you might expect to discourage spending—bad tablescrowdinghigh prices—don＇t necessarilyDiners at bad tables—next to the kitchen doorsay—spent nearly as much as others but soon fledIt can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not be overly concerned about bad’ tables given that they＇re profitableAs for crowdsa Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurant＇s reputationsuggesting great food at fair pricesAnd doubling a buffet＇s price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier
★What does the paragraph talk about
A．Tips to attract more customers
B．Problems restaurants are faced with
C．Ways to improve restaurants＇ reputation
D．Common misunderstandings about restaurants
D [根文章第句Meanwhilethings that you might expect to discourage spending—bad’ tablescrowdinghigh prices—don＇t necessarily知认会影响消费素：桌子拥挤高价等定会影响消费然次举例进行证明段讲饭店误解选D]
[点训练]
A
A separate concertSongs We Lovefound Bridgewater singing less politically charged (but still exciting) fare like StJames Infirmarywhich appears on her most recent albumIn words as well as musicthis period reveals how seriously Bridgewater takes that responsibilityseeing as how it connects to her own experience in the jazz lineageBut maybe
seriously isn＇t the right word when it comes to Dee Deewhose effervescence(欢腾活泼) shines through even in a reflective moodJoin her here for a whileshe＇s excellent companyno more or less so now that mastery is officially a part of her resume
★What does the paragraph mainly talk about
A．Bridgewater＇s music theme
B．Bridgewater＇s music experience
C．Bridgewater＇s personal characters
D．Bridgewater＇s great achievements
A [段落意题根第句中singing less politically charged知歌曲政治味太强烈段讲布里姬沃特音乐题]
B
There is a breakthrough in building aircraftBendable wings covered with overlapping(部分重叠) pieces resembling fish sizes could be used to build swifterfuelefficient aircrafta new study finds
Nowadaysconventional aircraft typically rely on ailerons(副翼) to help control the way the planes tip as they flyHoweverwhen the Wright brothers flew the first airplaneFlyer 1over a century agothey used no ailerons but wires and pulleys that twisted the woodandcanvas wingsto control the plane
Scientists have long sought to develop aircraft that can alter their wings during the flightjust as birds canHowevermost previous attempts have failed because they relied on heavy mechanical control structures within the wingsThese structures were also complex and unreliablesaid Neil Gershenfelda physicist and director of the Center for Bits and Atoms at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)．
The new wing consists of a system of tinystronglightweight modulesThe shape of the wing can be changed uniformly along its length using two small motorswhich apply a twisting pressure to each wingtipThese wings are covered in skins of overlapping strips of flexible material resembling fish sizesThese strips move across each other as the wings alterproviding a smooth outer surfacethe researchers explained
★What is the fourth paragraph mainly about
A．The shape of the new wings
B．The result of the tested wings
C．The function of the small motors
D．The working principle of the new wings
D [段落意题根文章第四段容知段讲述新机翼工作原理选D]
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阅读教材P44－45课文选出佳选项
1．Which one is not the benefit of the sharing economy
A．Saving money
B．Making money
C．Leaking personal information
D．Making friends
2．What is the author＇s attitude towards the sharing economy
A．Subjective B．Objective
C．Indifferent D．Neutral
[答案] 1－2 CB
Words and Phrases
discriminate v．歧视区辨
[教材P41] Howeversome people are less optimisticand argue that it discriminates against producers not part of the Good Deal movement
然乐观认歧视属Good Deal运动生产者
[例1] It is illegal to discriminate on grounds of race sex or religion
种族性宗教信仰实行歧视非法
[例2] A number of features discriminate this species from others
特征物种物种区开
[造句] 法律绝歧视穷偏袒富
The law does not discriminate against the poor and in favour of the rich
[知识拓展]
discriminate against 歧视排斥身攻击区
discriminate between A and B＝discriminate A from B
区分AB
discriminate in favour of sb 偏袒某
discrimination n 歧视偏袒区识
[学练] 单句语法填空
①Women complain that employers discriminate against female workers when calculating their rank and pay
②It is unfair to discriminate between black people and white people
③The Pope said the right to food was a right for all human beings without discrimination(discriminate)．
superior adj(品质价值)较位较高级(数量)占数占优势受……左右屈服 n．长官长辈 前辈 优越
[教材P41] This kind of Coffee has special features：superiorsmooth blendwith mild flavour
种咖啡特点：品质混合均匀味道温
[例1] He is superior to the other man
男子级高
[例2] That army won because of superior numbers
支军队取胜
[造句] 项技术定胜
You must be superior to me in this skill
[知识拓展]
A is superior to B＝A＇s superiority to B
A高B
superiority n 优越优先权
superior作形容词时身含较意思较级高级形式表示两者较superior tosuperior than
[学练] 单句语法填空
①This model is technically superior to its competitors
②He won the competition with obvious superiority (superior)．
sorrow n．悲伤悲痛悲哀伤心事悲伤事 v．感(表示)悲伤
[教材P44] Parents and teachers keep reminding us to share toyssnacksbookshappy memoriesand sometimes even sorrows with others
家长老师断提醒分享玩具零食书籍快乐回忆时甚悲伤
[例1] It was a time of great sorrow
非常悲伤时刻
[例2] Words cannot express my sorrow
言语法表达哀伤
[造句] 听死讯表示哀伤
He expressed his sorrow at the news of her death
[知识拓展]
(1)joys and sorrows 悲欢
(2)to one＇s sorrow 某伤心
more in sorrow than in anger 悲哀愤怒
(3)sorrowful adj 悲伤
[学练] 完成句子单句语法填空
①They said that the decision was made more in sorrow than in anger(说出气愤说出悲伤)．
②To my sorrow my car broke down
take off(飞机)起飞开始成功脱(衣服等)摘掉匆匆离开休假
[教材P44] The sharing economy is taking off in all sorts of areas
享济正领域蓬勃发展
[例1] They need to expand the number of farmers who are involved if the scheme＇s going to really take off
方案想真正成功需增加参农场数
[例2] In 1944he met Edith Piafand his career took off
1944年结识伊迪思·阿夫事业开始腾飞
[造句] 第三部电影电影表演事业开始起色
After his third filmhis career of film performance took off
[知识拓展]
take sthaway 解消(感情痛苦等)
take sbsthback ……重收回带回回 想起
take down 写记拆卸
take in 吸收理解欺骗收留
take on 具呈现担承担雇
take up 举(捡拔)起占事
take over 接接控制
[学练] 写出列句中take off含义
①Three planes were standing on the runwaywaiting to take off 起飞
②I wish you＇d take off that hat when you are in the classroom 摘掉
③CongratulationsPaulo Now maybe you can take a few days off 休假
④He took off because of his good performance 开始成功
⑤The six boys got into the car and took off for the drug store 匆匆离开
cut down削减减少砍倒夺……生命
[教材P45] What＇s moresharing encourages us to reuse itemsthereby cutting down on waste
更重分享鼓励重复物品减少浪费
[例1] If you spend more than your incomecan you try to cut down
果入敷出试着减少开支？
[例2] Cut down on animal fats found in red meathard cheeses and so on
减少摄入存红肉硬干酪等中动物脂肪
[造句] 汽车制造业缩减生产量
The car industry cut down production
[知识拓展]
cut in 插话(某)分享利润
cut up 伤伤心
cut out 删裁剪
cut through 开辟
cut off 切断中止隔绝剥夺继承权
[学练] 写出列句中cut down含义单句语法填空
①My uncle hasn＇t been able to quit smokingbut at least he has cut down 减少
②This article is too longand you have to cut it down to 1000 words 删减
③Immediate actions should be takenlike stopping cutting down treesto better the environment 砍倒
④Hungercold and illness cut down many of the villagers
夺……生命
⑤We were cut off in the middle of our telephone conversation because my cell phone was out of power
⑥It is impolite for children to cut in when their seniors are talking
case n．具体情况事例实例实情事实特殊情况盒子案例伤员
[教材P45] As is often the case all over the world with new areas of economic activitythe sharing economy is developing faster than existing regulations or ongoing supervision
正世界新济活动领域常出现情况样享济发展速度超现法规持续监
[例1] If that is the case(＝ if the situation described is true)we need more staff
果真样需更员工
[例2] It is simply not the case that prison conditions are improving
监狱条件改善情况绝非事实
[造句] 钱全部输光真事？
Is it the case that he has lost all his money
[知识拓展]
(1)in sb＇s case 某情况言
(2)in that case 果样话
in case 防万
in case of …………时候
the case 事实
in any case 样
[学练] 写出列句中casethe case含义单句语法填空完成句子
①There is a misbelief that popcorn is caloriefreebut that is not the case 事实
②These ideas can be true in certain casesbut very wrong in others
情况
③To attract more visitorsthe museum displayed the exhibition sunglass cases 盒子
④Judging from the whole processit was a typical case of bad management 案例
⑤Fortunatelythe most serious cases were treated at the scene of the accident 伤员
⑥There＇s no point complaining now—we＇re leaving tomorrow in any case
⑦You＇d better take the keys in case I＇m out(防万家)．
expense n．费费损失牺牲
[教材P45] Some companies are taking unfair advantage of this situation to expand their share of the marketoften at the expense of more traditional and established companies
公司正利种公情况扩市场份额牺牲更传统老牌公司代价
[例1] I spare no expense to collect the paintings by
Picasso
惜花费巨资收藏毕加索画
[例2] Our expenses far outweigh our income
支出远超收入
[造句] 筹措支付学费
He paid all the school expenses by himself
[知识拓展]
at one＇s own expense 费
at the public expense 公费
living expenses 生活费
at any expense 花少钱牺牲
at the expense of a person (某)费麻烦(某)
at the expense of 牺牲付出……代价
expensive adj 昂贵花钱
it is expensive ＋ to do ……花钱
[学练] 单句语法填空
①She gave a concert at her brother＇s expense
②He secured fame and wealth at the expense of his health
③It is expensive to travel (travel)by plane
段落意题
段落意类题型说明文议文中进行考查类文章涉种话题社会文化类科普说明类等设问形式常：
(1)What does the last paragraph talk about
(2)The main idea of the second paragraph probably is ．
解题技巧——首尾兼顾知段意
(1)段首：说明文议文中题句常段首句
(2)段尾：先表述细节纳概括段落中心段尾
[典例]
Meanwhilethings that you might expect to discourage spending—bad tablescrowdinghigh prices—don＇t necessarilyDiners at bad tables—next to the kitchen doorsay—spent nearly as much as others but soon fledIt can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not be overly concerned about bad’ tables given that they＇re profitableAs for crowdsa Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurant＇s reputationsuggesting great food at fair pricesAnd doubling a buffet＇s price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier
★What does the paragraph talk about
A．Tips to attract more customers
B．Problems restaurants are faced with
C．Ways to improve restaurants＇ reputation
D．Common misunderstandings about restaurants
D [根文章第句Meanwhilethings that you might expect to discourage spending—bad’ tablescrowdinghigh prices—don＇t necessarily知认会影响消费素：桌子拥挤高价等定会影响消费然次举例进行证明段讲饭店误解选D]
[点训练]
A
A separate concertSongs We Lovefound Bridgewater singing less politically charged (but still exciting) fare like StJames Infirmarywhich appears on her most recent albumIn words as well as musicthis period reveals how seriously Bridgewater takes that responsibilityseeing as how it connects to her own experience in the jazz lineageBut maybe
seriously isn＇t the right word when it comes to Dee Deewhose effervescence(欢腾活泼) shines through even in a reflective moodJoin her here for a whileshe＇s excellent companyno more or less so now that mastery is officially a part of her resume
★What does the paragraph mainly talk about
A．Bridgewater＇s music theme
B．Bridgewater＇s music experience
C．Bridgewater＇s personal characters
D．Bridgewater＇s great achievements
A [段落意题根第句中singing less politically charged知歌曲政治味太强烈段讲布里姬沃特音乐题]
B
There is a breakthrough in building aircraftBendable wings covered with overlapping(部分重叠) pieces resembling fish sizes could be used to build swifterfuelefficient aircrafta new study finds
Nowadaysconventional aircraft typically rely on ailerons(副翼) to help control the way the planes tip as they flyHoweverwhen the Wright brothers flew the first airplaneFlyer 1over a century agothey used no ailerons but wires and pulleys that twisted the woodandcanvas wingsto control the plane
Scientists have long sought to develop aircraft that can alter their wings during the flightjust as birds canHowevermost previous attempts have failed because they relied on heavy mechanical control structures within the wingsThese structures were also complex and unreliablesaid Neil Gershenfelda physicist and director of the Center for Bits and Atoms at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)．
The new wing consists of a system of tinystronglightweight modulesThe shape of the wing can be changed uniformly along its length using two small motorswhich apply a twisting pressure to each wingtipThese wings are covered in skins of overlapping strips of flexible material resembling fish sizesThese strips move across each other as the wings alterproviding a smooth outer surfacethe researchers explained
★What is the fourth paragraph mainly about
A．The shape of the new wings
B．The result of the tested wings
C．The function of the small motors
D．The working principle of the new wings
D [段落意题根文章第四段容知段讲述新机翼工作原理选D]
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