英语三句
英语中三句名词性句（包括语句宾语句表语句位语句）形容词性句（定语句）副词性句（状语句包括时间条件结果目原步点方式等）
定语句
关系代词引导定语句
关系代词代前面先行词定语句中充句子成分作语宾语定语等常见关系代词：who that which格宾格格表示：
先行词
格
宾格
格
who
whom
whose
物
which
which
＼
物
that
that
＼
（）关系代词who whom whose法
who代格定语句中作语
An architect is a person who designs buildings 建筑师设计房屋
whom代宾格定语句作宾语非正式英语常省略
Do you know the gentleman whom we met in the school library yesterday 昨天学校图书馆里遇位先生认识？
whose般代时代物格定语句作定语
The girl student whose father is a senior engineer used to study abroad 父位高级工程师女学生国外留学
Do you know the name of the hotel whose window we can see here 窗户宾馆什名字知道？（关系代词whose指代先行词hotel正式法应该of whichwhose windowthe window of which意思：the window of the hotel）
（二）关系代词which法
which代物定语句作语宾语作宾语时省略
I do not like stories which have unhappy endings
喜欢幸结局说（which换成that）
（三）关系代词that法
that指指物代英语中指物定语句作语宾语作宾语时省略： Is she the girl that sells newspapers
卖报纸女孩？（that换成who）
Where is the icecream that was in the fridge
放冰箱冰激凌？（that换成which）
Is this the book that you want to buy
买书？ （that换成which定语句作宾语省略）
二关系副词引导定语句
常关系副词三：when where why定语句中充时间点原状语
（）关系副词when法
关系副词when代先行词表示时间when定语句作时间状语
In Beijing July and August are the months when it rains very often
北京七月八月常雨月份（when先行词months）
（二）关系副词where法
关系副词where代先行词表示点where定语句作点状语
During the Spring Festival I went back to the town where I was brought up
春节期间回生养家乡（where先行词town）
（三）关系副词why法
关系副词why代先行词表示原why定语句作原状语
The reason why I am phoning you is to ask you whether you have got my email
电话原想问问否收电子邮件（why先行词reason 代英语里whythat代时关系代词that变成表示原关系副词why省略）
三特殊关系代词as引导定语句
（）固定搭配as…as so…as such…as the same…as中as引导定语句
You may take as many books as you want
想少书少（第as副词修饰many第二as关系代词代先行词books定语句中作宾语）
（二）独立句外as引导定语句
As we know As is known to us the earth turns around the sun 正知球围绕太阳旋转
（As we know As is known to us均定语句as分作宾语语代面句）
Taiwan is as you know an inseparable part of China
知道台湾中国分割部分（关系代词as指代整句定语句中作宾语）
四关系代词who whichthat区
（）关系代词whothat区
1 关系代词作语时格whoHe who loses hope loses all
失希失切（先行词代词he they any all one等时who）
I met Alice who told me that she was learning Chinese
遇见艾丽斯告诉学汉语（非限制性定语句中who）
2 关系代词作介词宾语时宾格whomthat
The man to whom our headmaster talked just now is our English teacher
校长刚谈话英语老师（介词关系代词紧密相连时宾格whom格who）
注意：介词关系代词紧密相连时者说介词放句子面时时格whothat省略关系代词面句话四种说法：
(1) The man whom our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher
(2) The man who our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher
(3) The man that our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher
(4) The man our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher
3 关系代词泛指时that
He is a man that is never afraid of failure
怕失败（that泛指）
4 关系代词出现who开头疑问句时应that例：
Who is the girl that is talking to Tom in English
英语汤姆交谈女孩谁？（避免重复who免造成误解语义含混清）
（二）关系代词whichthat区
1 先行词all much little定代词anything something everything等时关系代词that
All that glitters is not gold 闪闪发光物未必黄金
She told me everything that she knew 知道切告诉
2 先行词前面形容词高级序数词限定词the only the very all every any no等时关系代词般that
This is the best novel that I have ever read 读部说
He is the only person that has been invited to the ball 惟应邀参加舞会
3 关系代词出现which开头疑问句时应that
Which was the hotel that was recommended to the foreign guest 推荐外宾宾馆？（里that明显避免重复which）
4 非限制性定语句中关系代词般which
Beijing which is the capital of the People’s Republic of China will host the 2008 Olympic Games 北京中华民国首办2008年奥运会
5 介词关系代词whichthat
She has collected 600 stamps 60 of which are German stamps 收集600张邮票中60％德国邮票
五定语句位置
前述定语句般总直接置修饰名词代词时候定语句先行词间插入短语样分隔种情况定语句称作隔离定语句
There was a girl upstairs who was shouting and crying obviously mad
楼女孩喊明显疯（定语句who was shouting and crying修饰the girlupstairs隔开）
A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German
明天位新老师教德语（定语句置句末示强调）
载
名词性句
宾语句
引导词
（1）that 引导陈述句性宾语句动词say think wish hope see believe agree expect hear feel等动词连词that起连接作句中做句子成分词汇意义口语中常省略：I told him that he was wrong
think believe suppose expect等动词引起宾语句中时谓语否定意义否定形式think 等动词变否定形式（见语法：否定转移）
：I don’t think you are right (认做)
许带复合宾语句子中that引导宾语句常移句子面it做形式宾语
We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone (认撒谎错误)
（2） 连词if whether 引导表示否…宾语句
Whether if 句中做句子成分般情况whetherif 换
I don’t know ifwhether he will come tomorrow
介词面宾语句中if引导
Everything depends on whether we have enough money
宾语句中or not时if引导
I don’t know whether the movie star will come or not
定式连作宾语时if引导
Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided
（3）wh引导宾语句连接代词who whom whose what which连接副词when where why how 等连接宾语句句中连接句作句中充句子成分
Do you know which film they are talking about (which做定语)
I don’t know where he lives (where 做点状语)
二宾语句语序
宾语句语序必须陈述语序连接词+语+谓语+成分 I believe that they will come soon
特例：列常见问句作句出现改变语句序
1 What＇s the matter
2 What＇s wrong
3 What＇s up？
4 What＇s the problem
5 What＇s your trouble
三宾语句时态
宾语句时态受句限制：句般现时态句根实际情况定句
般时态句相应时态果句动作发生句前句完成时态
1) She says that she is a student→ She said that she was a student
2)She says that she will fly to Japan in a week → She said that she would fly to Japan in a week
3)She says that she has finished her homework already → She said that she had finished her homework already
（1）果宾语句说客观真理然现象事实时时宾语句般现时态
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun
（2）Could you tell me…征询方意见语气委婉表示
Could you tell me when we will visit the History Museum
注意事项：
（3）陈述句变成宾语句时注意称变化
She said I have been to England before → She said that she had been to England before
She asked me Do you like maths → She asked me if I liked maths
（4）宾语句简单句交换
连接代词连接副词引导宾语句果宾语句语句语时疑问词+定式做宾语简单句结构
I don’t know what I should do next → I don’t know what to do next
DO SOME EXERCISES
1Can you see A
A what he’s reading B what is he reading
C what does he read D he reads what
2 Does Jack come from Japan Do you know(合成句子)
Do you know ___that__Jack __come___from Japan
3_What did your son say in the letter
_He told me that he_D__ the Disney the next day
A will visit B has visited
C is going to visit D would visit
4 He didn’t know___A____
A what’s the matter B what the matter is
C what was the matter D what the matter was
5 Somebody called you just now but I didn’t know__D__
A who were they B who they were
C who was it D who it was
6 I want to know___D__
A what is his name B what’s his name
C that his name is D what his name is
7 Could you tell me __C__she is looking for
Her cousin Susan
A that B whose C who D which
8 What are you searching the Internet for
I’m trying to find out____
A What is the difference between SARS and BIRDFLU
B How many persons have died in Iraq
C How to protect our environment
D Why is our Chinese team be able to beat Korea
位语句
（）般说复合句中作位语句位语句通常某名词说明解释该名词表示具体容位语句名词通常：advice decision fact hope idea information message news promise proposal reply report suggestion word（消息）problem question doubt thought等
eg They were delighted at the news that their team had won
听队获胜消息时欣喜狂
时位语句紧说明名词面词隔开 ：
The thought came to him that Tom might have returned the book
突然想起汤姆已书
（二）引导词
1 The news that Mr Li will be our new English teacher is true
2 He hasn’t made the decision whether he will go there
3 The question who should do the work is being discussed at the meeting
4 I have no idea what the boy is doing in the next room now
5 We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation this year
6 I have no idea how I can get to the railway station
7 I have no idea when he will be back．
结：① that引导位语句时词义充成分通常省略句1
② whether引导位语句时意否通常if代 句2
③ 连接代词who what等引导位语句句3 4
④ 连接副词where how when等引导位语句 句567
(三) that 引导位语句定语句
① 意义：位语句进步说明前面名词容定语句修饰限定前面先行词试较：
1 The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging
2 The news that you told us is really encouraging
② that功：that引导位语句时纯连词充成分引导定语句时仅起连接作指代先行词句中充语宾语等成分试较：
1 Dad made a promise that he would buy me a CD player if I passed the English test
2 Dad made a promise that excited all his children
③ 否省略：that引导位语句时通常省略引导定语句时句中作宾语通常省略作语省略
DO SOME EXERCISES
I 请适词填空列句子意思完整
1 They expressed the hope _that_ they would come over to China soon
2 The fact ___that____ he didn’t see Tom this morning is true
3 Word has come __where_____ some American guests will come to our college for a visit next week
4 He can’t answer the question ___how____ he got the money from his home yesterday
5 Do you have any idea __what___ is actually going on in the classroom
6 The problem _______ we should have the meeting in the hall now must be decided at once
II 列句中均处错误请改正
1 Our team has won the game that made us very happy
2 I’ve come with a message from Mr Wang how he won’t be able to see you this afternoon
3 He must answer the question if he agrees with what she said or not
4 I’ve read the book where you gave me the day before yesterday 5 One of the men held the opinion when what the book said was right
表语句
表语句置句句动词连系动词名词性句be等系动词作表语时称表语句
The problem is how we can get the things we need问题样弄需东西(how 表语句中充方式状语)
The scissors are not what I need 剪刀需(what 表语句中充宾语)
What I told him was that I would find him a good play 告诉会找剧(what语句中作直接宾语 that作表语句引导词该表语句中充句子成分 省略) That is what I want to tell you想讲(what表语句中充直接宾语)
That is why she failed to pass the exam 考试格原(why 表语句中充原状语) That is why常句型 意……原…… 中why引导名词性句句中作表语 该句型通常针前面已说明原进行总结
面两That is why形式相似结构 That is why结构间关系够辨析清楚：
(1)That is whyThat is the reason why义 语法结构讲 That is the reason why中why引导—定语句 中the reason掉That is why结构样 That is (the reason) why I cannot agree
(2)That is because句型中属连词because引导名词性句作表语 常句型 意什…………That is becauseThat is why间That is because指原理 That is why指种原造成果
He did not see the film last night That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework昨天晚没电影 帮助妹妹做作业(第句话说明结果 第二句话说明原)
He had seen the film before That is why he did not see it last night前部电影 昨天晚没(第句话说明原 第二句话说明结果)
［考题1］
The traditional view is ____ we sleep because our brain is programmed to make us do so (2007海)
A when B why C whether D that
［考题2］
You are saying that everyone should be equal and this is ____ I disagree (2004)
A why B where C what D how
［考题3］
— I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week
— Is that ____ you had a few days off (1999)
A why B when C what D where
［考题4］
____ made the school proud was ____ more than 90 of the students had been admitted to key universities (2003海春)
A What because B What that
C That what D That because
［考题5］
— Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game
— Oh that’s ____ (2003北京春)
A what makes me feel excited B whatever I feel excited about
C how I feel about it D when I feel excited
表语句宾语句关系
宾语句表语句属名词性句作名词句中作相充宾语句子宾语句充表语句子表语句
宾语句
(1)宾语句掌握三点
①语序 句语序必须陈述句语序 语 + 谓语种形式
②时态 句般现时般时时候 句时态 句般时时候 句时态必须时范围时态 (般时 进行时 完成时 时)
③连接词 句意思完整 句意思肯定时 连接词that 省
句意思完整 句意思确定含否定含意时 常ifwhether(否)
句意思完整时 连接词代完整部分特殊疑问词
表语句
句子中起表语作句做表语句位句系动词面表语句引导词语句引导词相名词性句种
What the police want to know is when you entered the room警察想知道什时候进房间
The trouble is that we are short of funds困难缺乏资金
This is what we should do应做
That is why I want you to work there工作原
His first question was whether Mr Smith had arrived yet第问题史密斯先生没 句中疑问句正常语序陈述语序
as if as though because引导表语句
She seems as if she had done a great thing起做件事
It is because you eat too much吃太
状语句
（）状语句种类
1时间状语句2点状语句3原状语句4条件状语句5目状语句6步状语句7较状语句8程度状语句9方式状语句10结果状语句
（二）状语句时态
般情况时间条件状语句谓语动词般般现时表示般时现完成时表示完成时
（1）时间状语句
1when while as引导时间状语句
when whileas区：when引导句谓语动词延续性动词瞬时动词when时表示时
While引导句谓语动作必须延续性强调句句动作时发生（者相应）while时表示
While my wife was reading the newspaper I was watching TV
As表示边……边as引导动作延续性动作般句句动作时发生as强调先
As we was going out it began to snow出门时开始雪（as强调句中两动作紧接着先发生强调开始雪特定时间）
2beforeafter引导时间状语句
before引导句否定式谓语before引导句位句时译成 时态：句时句总现时果before引导句谓语
时句动词完成时样便体现动作发生先
After表示句动作发生句动作句句动作时间关系正before引导句相反
3tilluntil引导时间状语句
tilluntil般情况两者互换强调句型中until注意：果句中谓语动词瞬时动词时必须否定形式果句中谓语动词延续性动词时肯定否定形式表达意思
4since引导时间状语句
since引导句谓语动词延续性动词瞬时动词般情况句谓语动词般时句谓语动词现完成时It is ＋时间＋
since句句型中句般现时
5as soon as immediately directly instantly the moment the instant the minute 等引导时间状语句连词表示……
hardly(scarcely rarely)…when before no sooner…than相as soon as意句完成时句般时hardly scarcely rarelyno sooner位句首时句应倒装语序
6by the time引导时间状语句时态变化：般情况果句谓语动词般时句谓语动词完成时果句谓语动词般现时句谓语动词完成时
7each time every timewhenever引导时间状语句
8as long asso long as引导时间状语句两连词表示…样长
（2）点状语句
点状语句般连接副词where wherever等引导已形成固定句型：
句型1：Where＋点句（there）＋句
句型通常译成里……里……句句面时there果句句前面时般there
句型2：Anywhere wherever＋点句＋句
状语句句子状语句充修饰句中动词形容词副词等状语句属连词引导句连接放句末时般前面加逗号
（3）原状语句： because since asfor表示原because语势强
回答why提出问题说明知原够明显出原已知原assince
because引导句果放句末前面逗号for代果说明直接原种情况加推断for
（4）目状语句：表示目状语句in order that so that等词引导
（5）结果状语句：结果状语句常sothat suchthat引导首先解
sosuch面分什词such形容词修饰名词名词词组so副词修饰形容词副词so 表示数量形容词many few much little连形成固定搭配
The box is so heavy that I can＇t carry it
（6）步状语句：though although 引导状语句
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英语中三句名词性句（包括语句宾语句表语句位语句）形容词性句（定语句）副词性句（状语句包括时间条件结果目原步点方式等）
定语句
关系代词引导定语句
关系代词代前面先行词定语句中充句子成分作语宾语定语等常见关系代词：who that which格宾格格表示：
先行词
格
宾格
格
who
whom
whose
物
which
which
＼
物
that
that
＼
（）关系代词who whom whose法
who代格定语句中作语
An architect is a person who designs buildings 建筑师设计房屋
whom代宾格定语句作宾语非正式英语常省略
Do you know the gentleman whom we met in the school library yesterday 昨天学校图书馆里遇位先生认识？
whose般代时代物格定语句作定语
The girl student whose father is a senior engineer used to study abroad 父位高级工程师女学生国外留学
Do you know the name of the hotel whose window we can see here 窗户宾馆什名字知道？（关系代词whose指代先行词hotel正式法应该of whichwhose windowthe window of which意思：the window of the hotel）
（二）关系代词which法
which代物定语句作语宾语作宾语时省略
I do not like stories which have unhappy endings
喜欢幸结局说（which换成that）
（三）关系代词that法
that指指物代英语中指物定语句作语宾语作宾语时省略： Is she the girl that sells newspapers
卖报纸女孩？（that换成who）
Where is the icecream that was in the fridge
放冰箱冰激凌？（that换成which）
Is this the book that you want to buy
买书？ （that换成which定语句作宾语省略）
二关系副词引导定语句
常关系副词三：when where why定语句中充时间点原状语
（）关系副词when法
关系副词when代先行词表示时间when定语句作时间状语
In Beijing July and August are the months when it rains very often
北京七月八月常雨月份（when先行词months）
（二）关系副词where法
关系副词where代先行词表示点where定语句作点状语
During the Spring Festival I went back to the town where I was brought up
春节期间回生养家乡（where先行词town）
（三）关系副词why法
关系副词why代先行词表示原why定语句作原状语
The reason why I am phoning you is to ask you whether you have got my email
电话原想问问否收电子邮件（why先行词reason 代英语里whythat代时关系代词that变成表示原关系副词why省略）
三特殊关系代词as引导定语句
（）固定搭配as…as so…as such…as the same…as中as引导定语句
You may take as many books as you want
想少书少（第as副词修饰many第二as关系代词代先行词books定语句中作宾语）
（二）独立句外as引导定语句
As we know As is known to us the earth turns around the sun 正知球围绕太阳旋转
（As we know As is known to us均定语句as分作宾语语代面句）
Taiwan is as you know an inseparable part of China
知道台湾中国分割部分（关系代词as指代整句定语句中作宾语）
四关系代词who whichthat区
（）关系代词whothat区
1 关系代词作语时格whoHe who loses hope loses all
失希失切（先行词代词he they any all one等时who）
I met Alice who told me that she was learning Chinese
遇见艾丽斯告诉学汉语（非限制性定语句中who）
2 关系代词作介词宾语时宾格whomthat
The man to whom our headmaster talked just now is our English teacher
校长刚谈话英语老师（介词关系代词紧密相连时宾格whom格who）
注意：介词关系代词紧密相连时者说介词放句子面时时格whothat省略关系代词面句话四种说法：
(1) The man whom our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher
(2) The man who our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher
(3) The man that our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher
(4) The man our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher
3 关系代词泛指时that
He is a man that is never afraid of failure
怕失败（that泛指）
4 关系代词出现who开头疑问句时应that例：
Who is the girl that is talking to Tom in English
英语汤姆交谈女孩谁？（避免重复who免造成误解语义含混清）
（二）关系代词whichthat区
1 先行词all much little定代词anything something everything等时关系代词that
All that glitters is not gold 闪闪发光物未必黄金
She told me everything that she knew 知道切告诉
2 先行词前面形容词高级序数词限定词the only the very all every any no等时关系代词般that
This is the best novel that I have ever read 读部说
He is the only person that has been invited to the ball 惟应邀参加舞会
3 关系代词出现which开头疑问句时应that
Which was the hotel that was recommended to the foreign guest 推荐外宾宾馆？（里that明显避免重复which）
4 非限制性定语句中关系代词般which
Beijing which is the capital of the People’s Republic of China will host the 2008 Olympic Games 北京中华民国首办2008年奥运会
5 介词关系代词whichthat
She has collected 600 stamps 60 of which are German stamps 收集600张邮票中60％德国邮票
五定语句位置
前述定语句般总直接置修饰名词代词时候定语句先行词间插入短语样分隔种情况定语句称作隔离定语句
There was a girl upstairs who was shouting and crying obviously mad
楼女孩喊明显疯（定语句who was shouting and crying修饰the girlupstairs隔开）
A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German
明天位新老师教德语（定语句置句末示强调）
载
名词性句
宾语句
引导词
（1）that 引导陈述句性宾语句动词say think wish hope see believe agree expect hear feel等动词连词that起连接作句中做句子成分词汇意义口语中常省略：I told him that he was wrong
think believe suppose expect等动词引起宾语句中时谓语否定意义否定形式think 等动词变否定形式（见语法：否定转移）
：I don’t think you are right (认做)
许带复合宾语句子中that引导宾语句常移句子面it做形式宾语
We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone (认撒谎错误)
（2） 连词if whether 引导表示否…宾语句
Whether if 句中做句子成分般情况whetherif 换
I don’t know ifwhether he will come tomorrow
介词面宾语句中if引导
Everything depends on whether we have enough money
宾语句中or not时if引导
I don’t know whether the movie star will come or not
定式连作宾语时if引导
Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided
（3）wh引导宾语句连接代词who whom whose what which连接副词when where why how 等连接宾语句句中连接句作句中充句子成分
Do you know which film they are talking about (which做定语)
I don’t know where he lives (where 做点状语)
二宾语句语序
宾语句语序必须陈述语序连接词+语+谓语+成分 I believe that they will come soon
特例：列常见问句作句出现改变语句序
1 What＇s the matter
2 What＇s wrong
3 What＇s up？
4 What＇s the problem
5 What＇s your trouble
三宾语句时态
宾语句时态受句限制：句般现时态句根实际情况定句
般时态句相应时态果句动作发生句前句完成时态
1) She says that she is a student→ She said that she was a student
2)She says that she will fly to Japan in a week → She said that she would fly to Japan in a week
3)She says that she has finished her homework already → She said that she had finished her homework already
（1）果宾语句说客观真理然现象事实时时宾语句般现时态
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun
（2）Could you tell me…征询方意见语气委婉表示
Could you tell me when we will visit the History Museum
注意事项：
（3）陈述句变成宾语句时注意称变化
She said I have been to England before → She said that she had been to England before
She asked me Do you like maths → She asked me if I liked maths
（4）宾语句简单句交换
连接代词连接副词引导宾语句果宾语句语句语时疑问词+定式做宾语简单句结构
I don’t know what I should do next → I don’t know what to do next
DO SOME EXERCISES
1Can you see A
A what he’s reading B what is he reading
C what does he read D he reads what
2 Does Jack come from Japan Do you know(合成句子)
Do you know ___that__Jack __come___from Japan
3_What did your son say in the letter
_He told me that he_D__ the Disney the next day
A will visit B has visited
C is going to visit D would visit
4 He didn’t know___A____
A what’s the matter B what the matter is
C what was the matter D what the matter was
5 Somebody called you just now but I didn’t know__D__
A who were they B who they were
C who was it D who it was
6 I want to know___D__
A what is his name B what’s his name
C that his name is D what his name is
7 Could you tell me __C__she is looking for
Her cousin Susan
A that B whose C who D which
8 What are you searching the Internet for
I’m trying to find out____
A What is the difference between SARS and BIRDFLU
B How many persons have died in Iraq
C How to protect our environment
D Why is our Chinese team be able to beat Korea
位语句
（）般说复合句中作位语句位语句通常某名词说明解释该名词表示具体容位语句名词通常：advice decision fact hope idea information message news promise proposal reply report suggestion word（消息）problem question doubt thought等
eg They were delighted at the news that their team had won
听队获胜消息时欣喜狂
时位语句紧说明名词面词隔开 ：
The thought came to him that Tom might have returned the book
突然想起汤姆已书
（二）引导词
1 The news that Mr Li will be our new English teacher is true
2 He hasn’t made the decision whether he will go there
3 The question who should do the work is being discussed at the meeting
4 I have no idea what the boy is doing in the next room now
5 We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation this year
6 I have no idea how I can get to the railway station
7 I have no idea when he will be back．
结：① that引导位语句时词义充成分通常省略句1
② whether引导位语句时意否通常if代 句2
③ 连接代词who what等引导位语句句3 4
④ 连接副词where how when等引导位语句 句567
(三) that 引导位语句定语句
① 意义：位语句进步说明前面名词容定语句修饰限定前面先行词试较：
1 The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging
2 The news that you told us is really encouraging
② that功：that引导位语句时纯连词充成分引导定语句时仅起连接作指代先行词句中充语宾语等成分试较：
1 Dad made a promise that he would buy me a CD player if I passed the English test
2 Dad made a promise that excited all his children
③ 否省略：that引导位语句时通常省略引导定语句时句中作宾语通常省略作语省略
DO SOME EXERCISES
I 请适词填空列句子意思完整
1 They expressed the hope _that_ they would come over to China soon
2 The fact ___that____ he didn’t see Tom this morning is true
3 Word has come __where_____ some American guests will come to our college for a visit next week
4 He can’t answer the question ___how____ he got the money from his home yesterday
5 Do you have any idea __what___ is actually going on in the classroom
6 The problem _______ we should have the meeting in the hall now must be decided at once
II 列句中均处错误请改正
1 Our team has won the game that made us very happy
2 I’ve come with a message from Mr Wang how he won’t be able to see you this afternoon
3 He must answer the question if he agrees with what she said or not
4 I’ve read the book where you gave me the day before yesterday 5 One of the men held the opinion when what the book said was right
表语句
表语句置句句动词连系动词名词性句be等系动词作表语时称表语句
The problem is how we can get the things we need问题样弄需东西(how 表语句中充方式状语)
The scissors are not what I need 剪刀需(what 表语句中充宾语)
What I told him was that I would find him a good play 告诉会找剧(what语句中作直接宾语 that作表语句引导词该表语句中充句子成分 省略) That is what I want to tell you想讲(what表语句中充直接宾语)
That is why she failed to pass the exam 考试格原(why 表语句中充原状语) That is why常句型 意……原…… 中why引导名词性句句中作表语 该句型通常针前面已说明原进行总结
面两That is why形式相似结构 That is why结构间关系够辨析清楚：
(1)That is whyThat is the reason why义 语法结构讲 That is the reason why中why引导—定语句 中the reason掉That is why结构样 That is (the reason) why I cannot agree
(2)That is because句型中属连词because引导名词性句作表语 常句型 意什…………That is becauseThat is why间That is because指原理 That is why指种原造成果
He did not see the film last night That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework昨天晚没电影 帮助妹妹做作业(第句话说明结果 第二句话说明原)
He had seen the film before That is why he did not see it last night前部电影 昨天晚没(第句话说明原 第二句话说明结果)
［考题1］
The traditional view is ____ we sleep because our brain is programmed to make us do so (2007海)
A when B why C whether D that
［考题2］
You are saying that everyone should be equal and this is ____ I disagree (2004)
A why B where C what D how
［考题3］
— I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week
— Is that ____ you had a few days off (1999)
A why B when C what D where
［考题4］
____ made the school proud was ____ more than 90 of the students had been admitted to key universities (2003海春)
A What because B What that
C That what D That because
［考题5］
— Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game
— Oh that’s ____ (2003北京春)
A what makes me feel excited B whatever I feel excited about
C how I feel about it D when I feel excited
表语句宾语句关系
宾语句表语句属名词性句作名词句中作相充宾语句子宾语句充表语句子表语句
宾语句
(1)宾语句掌握三点
①语序 句语序必须陈述句语序 语 + 谓语种形式
②时态 句般现时般时时候 句时态 句般时时候 句时态必须时范围时态 (般时 进行时 完成时 时)
③连接词 句意思完整 句意思肯定时 连接词that 省
句意思完整 句意思确定含否定含意时 常ifwhether(否)
句意思完整时 连接词代完整部分特殊疑问词
表语句
句子中起表语作句做表语句位句系动词面表语句引导词语句引导词相名词性句种
What the police want to know is when you entered the room警察想知道什时候进房间
The trouble is that we are short of funds困难缺乏资金
This is what we should do应做
That is why I want you to work there工作原
His first question was whether Mr Smith had arrived yet第问题史密斯先生没 句中疑问句正常语序陈述语序
as if as though because引导表语句
She seems as if she had done a great thing起做件事
It is because you eat too much吃太
状语句
（）状语句种类
1时间状语句2点状语句3原状语句4条件状语句5目状语句6步状语句7较状语句8程度状语句9方式状语句10结果状语句
（二）状语句时态
般情况时间条件状语句谓语动词般般现时表示般时现完成时表示完成时
（1）时间状语句
1when while as引导时间状语句
when whileas区：when引导句谓语动词延续性动词瞬时动词when时表示时
While引导句谓语动作必须延续性强调句句动作时发生（者相应）while时表示
While my wife was reading the newspaper I was watching TV
As表示边……边as引导动作延续性动作般句句动作时发生as强调先
As we was going out it began to snow出门时开始雪（as强调句中两动作紧接着先发生强调开始雪特定时间）
2beforeafter引导时间状语句
before引导句否定式谓语before引导句位句时译成 时态：句时句总现时果before引导句谓语
时句动词完成时样便体现动作发生先
After表示句动作发生句动作句句动作时间关系正before引导句相反
3tilluntil引导时间状语句
tilluntil般情况两者互换强调句型中until注意：果句中谓语动词瞬时动词时必须否定形式果句中谓语动词延续性动词时肯定否定形式表达意思
4since引导时间状语句
since引导句谓语动词延续性动词瞬时动词般情况句谓语动词般时句谓语动词现完成时It is ＋时间＋
since句句型中句般现时
5as soon as immediately directly instantly the moment the instant the minute 等引导时间状语句连词表示……
hardly(scarcely rarely)…when before no sooner…than相as soon as意句完成时句般时hardly scarcely rarelyno sooner位句首时句应倒装语序
6by the time引导时间状语句时态变化：般情况果句谓语动词般时句谓语动词完成时果句谓语动词般现时句谓语动词完成时
7each time every timewhenever引导时间状语句
8as long asso long as引导时间状语句两连词表示…样长
（2）点状语句
点状语句般连接副词where wherever等引导已形成固定句型：
句型1：Where＋点句（there）＋句
句型通常译成里……里……句句面时there果句句前面时般there
句型2：Anywhere wherever＋点句＋句
状语句句子状语句充修饰句中动词形容词副词等状语句属连词引导句连接放句末时般前面加逗号
（3）原状语句： because since asfor表示原because语势强
回答why提出问题说明知原够明显出原已知原assince
because引导句果放句末前面逗号for代果说明直接原种情况加推断for
（4）目状语句：表示目状语句in order that so that等词引导
（5）结果状语句：结果状语句常sothat suchthat引导首先解
sosuch面分什词such形容词修饰名词名词词组so副词修饰形容词副词so 表示数量形容词many few much little连形成固定搭配
The box is so heavy that I can＇t carry it
（6）步状语句：though although 引导状语句
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