4. 一.定语从句与同位语从句1.When ,where,why在定从和同从中的应用
1) we haven’t yet settled the question___we are going to spend our summer vacation on 1st Oct.
A.when B.where C.that D.which 2) I’ll never forget the day___ I joined the League.
A. when B.that C.in which D. which
5. 3) The reason___he moved to the USA is not clear to me.
A.why B.that C.when D.which4) We haven’t found out the problem__the
computer was out of order.
A.why B.that C.which D.whether 5) Is this the reason__at the meeting for his being absent from his work? A.why he explained B.he explained C.when he expained D.how he explained
7. 2.That在定从与同从中的区别
用A:that B:which 填空 1) we all have heard the news__our team won.
2) we don’t believe the news__he told us yesterday.
3) the police ruled out the possibility
__Justin told them.
8.
4)The police ruled out the possibility__
Jutin was taken away by the aliens.
5) The news__you told me yesterday was true.
6) The news__the president will visit our school spread quickly.
10. 3.关于point,situation,condition,case等引起的从
句.
1) Mr.Green took up the story at the point__
the thief had just made off with the jewels.
A.where B.which C.as D.when
2) I feel uncomfortable each time I rememember
the situation__Mary didn’t agree with me__
the matter.
A.that,over B.in which,over C.which about
D.where, to
11. 3) If you were in a situation__five of us only had one life jacket,what would happen?
A.where B.which C.when D.that
4)there’s one point__we must insist on.
小结:先行词为point,situation,condition,case
时,多用where引导定从,而这些名词往
往被误认为在其后跟了同位语从句.
12. 二.定从与主从,宾从和表从
1.定从与主从
翻译:不论谁在公共场所随意吐痰都该被罚
翻译:无论他做什么都不会对我有什么影响.
a.Whoever spits in public should be
punished.
b.Anyone who spits in public should …a.Whatever he does makes no
difference to me.
b.Anything that he does makes no …
13. 小结:whoever=anyone who;
whatever=anything that
判断正误:
a.Who breaks the law will be punished
b.Whoever breaks the law will be punished.(
c.Who robbed the bank is not clear. d.Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.
小结:时态与意义判断.
.(误)正)(正)(误)
14. 翻译(用定、主、表、宾四种从句)
众所周知,纸首先在中国制造。
1)As is known to us all, paper was first
made in China. (定从)
2) It is known to us all that paper was
first made in China.(主从)
3) What is known to us all is that paper
was first made in China.(表从)
4) We all know that paper was
first made in China.(宾从)
小结:定语从句与主宾表从句在特定情况下可以表示相同的意思。
15. 填空:
1) He told us all __ had happened 10 years ago. A. that B. what C. which
2)He has told us all ___ he experienced abroad. A. which B. what C. how D. when 小结 :what = something that
all that = what 练习:
Our hometown is no longer __ she was 20 years ago.
16. That B. which C. where D. what
2) It seems to us that no reason __ he gave us for his absense is believable.
That B. what C. why D. which
3) The art center is __ used to be a factory,__millions of tractors were made.
what,where B. where, where
C. what, which D. where,which
17. 4) The place ___ the bridge is supposed to be built should be __ the cross river traffic is the heavest.
which, where B. at which ,which
C. at which, where D. which, in which
5)No one believed his reason for being late ___ he was caught in a traffic jam, ___ make him embrassed.
Athat, which B. why, which
C. why,what D. that, what
6)___ is known to all is that the old scientist, for __life was hard in the past, still works very hard in his eighties. A. As, whomB. What, whom
C. It, whose D. As, whose
18. 7)Desertification, the name for __ happens when farmable land is turned in desert, is a growing world problem.A.whichB.whereC.whatDhow
8) The reserchers who study jokes want to know __people from different nations and cultures find funny.
A. Why B. that B. what D. whether
19. 总结:
用什么样的关系词或连接词,均要在从句中分析查找。关系词和连接词存在某种转化关系:
What= all that / something that
Whatever= anything that
Whoever = anyone who
2. 高考考查的趋势是多种复合句的融合,而非单一句法的考查。
21. 三、定语从句与状语从句
1.Where 引导的定从与状从的区别
填空:
1)This is the place__ we lived for ten years.
2) Young people should go __ they are most needed.
22. 3) You should make it arule to leave things ___ you can find them easily.
4) I still remember the bus ___ I met you for the first time.
5)___there is a will, there is a way.
6) He left the key ___ he had been an hour before.
7) He left the key at the place ___ he had been an hour before.
23. 8) He left the place ___ he lived for many years.
when B. where C. there D. In which
小结:
1)where 引导定从修饰先行词,在从句中作地点状语;where引导状从,修饰主句动词或整个句子,有时可以放句首。
2)若where引导状从放于动词vi 后,则状从可与定从转化。
24.
2. such… as / such…that 在定从与状从中的区别。
This is so interesting a book ____ all of of us want to read it.
This is so interesting a book __ all of us want to read.
He is such a good teacher ___ we all like him.
He is such a good teacher __ all of us love and respect.
25. 小结:so/such…that 引导状从,that从句成分完整,而定语从句先行词被so/such修饰时,常用as 引导从句,且从句缺少成分。
练习:
WuHan was attacked by such a terrible snow storm ____few people had expected before.
That B. as C. which D. what
2) Such good use has been ___his spare time ___his English has improved a lot.
A. made of, that B. strengthened, as
C. Underlined in,as D. found in, which
26. 四、定从与并列句
Mr Smith has a three sons, none of ___is a computer expert.
He has three sisters, ___ are doctors.
She has three CDs,but none of ___is interesting.
I have many friends, and all of __ are nice and friendly.
Miss Yang has some relatives here; ___like her very much.
A. Whom B. them C. they D. who
27. 小结:
定从与主句有逗号分隔时,没有and,but, so,or, while 等连词;并列句由and,but,or,so,while 等并列连词连接,或用分号分隔。
练习:
He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows, most of ___ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
2) He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows,and most of ____ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
28. 3) He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows; most of ____ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
4) Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, the price of ___ was reasonable.
5) Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase; the price of it was reasonable.
6) John’s parent’s kept telling him that he should work hard, but ___ didn’t help.
7) She thought I was taling about her daugther, ___ in fact, I was taling about my daughter.
A. Whom B. where C. while D. which
29. 8) Dorothy was always speaking highly of he role in the play,___of course, made the others unhappy.
Who B. which C. this D. what
9)There were many people in th ereading room, and most of ___had their heads bent down over their books.A. Whom B. them C. that D. which
30. 五:定语从句与强调句
区别where
1) It is the house ____i met the young man.
2) It was in the house ___ I met the young man.
3) Is it Guangming Theatre _____ you are going to watch the famous play?
31. 2: 区别when
1)It was five o’clock _ the accident happened.
2) It was at five o’clock _the
accident happened.
3) Was it 12:00 pm. ___ you arrived home last night?
A. On which B. that C. when
33. 3. 定语从句与强调句的情景化区别
1) --- Where did you get to know her?
--- It was on the farm __we worked.
That B. where C. which D. there
2)--- Where did fire broke out?
---It was in the hotel ___ I lived last last night.
A. That B. where C. which D. there
34. 3) --- When did accident happen?
--- It was at 5:00 ___ I got up.
A. That B. when C. in which D. which
4)---he was nearly drowned once.
---when was he___?
---___was in 1988___he was in middle school.
A.that,it when B.this, this, when
C.this, it, that D.that, it, that
35. 4. 定从与强调句的结合
It is the young man ___ looked for ___ caught the murderer.
A. that, who B. that, they
C. they,that D. they, which
2) It is the ability to do the job __ matters not __you come from or ___you are.
One, where ,that B. that, where, what
C. that, there,what D. which, which, what
36. 六: 定从与非谓语动词
限制性定从与非谓语动词
1) A student of English ___ limited exercises
finds it hard to get a good mark in an exam.
Is used to deal with B. used to deal with
C. is used to dealing with
D. used to dealing with
A student of English who is used to dealing with limited exercises finds it hard to get a good mark in an English exam.
37.
小结:
限制性定从与非谓语动词作定语存在相互转化关系, 作题时适当运用这种转化利于看清句子的结构。
2. 非限制性定语从句与非谓语动词
Her husband died, which made her live a hard life.
Her husband died, making her live a hard life.
so she lived a hard life.
42. My friend Mary had been ashamed of her figure and was dying for a slim one. She made full use of her spare time to work out in the gym three times a week. However, it made no difference because she had a good appetite.
43. Later, she began to go on a diet, swearing to lose at least 10 kilograms. As a result, her efforts ended in failure. Eventually, she followed her friend’s suggestion that she take weight-loss pills. Due to the side effects, her hair began to fall out, which made her embarrassed about it.
44. Recently, I received a letter from her. In the letter, she said that she was afraid of being laughed at. I advised her to cheer up. It is a good state of mind that counts to keep healthy and slim. In the long term, one should be optimistic and confident about life. After all, health is better than wealth.