• 1. 三大从句
    • 2. 复合句的百慕三角
    • 3. 一.复合句的种类A.定语从句 B.状语从句 C.名词性从句三角区的由来在于ABC三者的关系.包括区别,联系,转化,融合.
    • 4. 一.定语从句与同位语从句1.When ,where,why在定从和同从中的应用 1) we haven’t yet settled the question___we are going to spend our summer vacation on 1st Oct. A.when B.where C.that D.which 2) I’ll never forget the day___ I joined the League. A. when B.that C.in which D. which
    • 5. 3) The reason___he moved to the USA is not clear to me. A.why B.that C.when D.which4) We haven’t found out the problem__the computer was out of order. A.why B.that C.which D.whether 5) Is this the reason__at the meeting for his being absent from his work? A.why he explained B.he explained C.when he expained D.how he explained
    • 6. 小结:相同点:when,where,why在定从中和同从中均充当状语成分   不同点:when,where,why在定从中有相应的先行词,可表示为介词+关系代词;而在同从中无相应先行词,不可表示为介+关系代
    • 7. 2.That在定从与同从中的区别 用A:that B:which 填空 1) we all have heard the news__our team won. 2) we don’t believe the news__he told us yesterday. 3) the police ruled out the possibility __Justin told them.
    • 8. 4)The police ruled out the possibility__ Jutin was taken away by the aliens. 5) The news__you told me yesterday was true. 6) The news__the president will visit our school spread quickly.
    • 9. 小结:定语从句与先行词是修饰关系,关系代词that\which在从句中做主,宾,表等成分,从句成分缺失;同位语从句与被解释词是解释说明关系,连接词that在句中不作成分,从句成分完整.
    • 10. 3.关于point,situation,condition,case等引起的从 句. 1) Mr.Green took up the story at the point__ the thief had just made off with the jewels. A.where B.which C.as D.when 2) I feel uncomfortable each time I rememember the situation__Mary didn’t agree with me__ the matter. A.that,over B.in which,over C.which about D.where, to
    • 11. 3) If you were in a situation__five of us only had one life jacket,what would happen? A.where B.which C.when D.that 4)there’s one point__we must insist on. 小结:先行词为point,situation,condition,case 时,多用where引导定从,而这些名词往 往被误认为在其后跟了同位语从句.
    • 12. 二.定从与主从,宾从和表从 1.定从与主从 翻译:不论谁在公共场所随意吐痰都该被罚 翻译:无论他做什么都不会对我有什么影响. a.Whoever spits in public should be punished. b.Anyone who spits in public should …a.Whatever he does makes no difference to me. b.Anything that he does makes no …
    • 13. 小结:whoever=anyone who; whatever=anything that 判断正误: a.Who breaks the law will be punished b.Whoever breaks the law will be punished.( c.Who robbed the bank is not clear. d.Whoever robbed the bank is not clear. 小结:时态与意义判断. .(误)正)(正)(误)
    • 14. 翻译(用定、主、表、宾四种从句) 众所周知,纸首先在中国制造。 1)As is known to us all, paper was first made in China. (定从) 2) It is known to us all that paper was first made in China.(主从) 3) What is known to us all is that paper was first made in China.(表从) 4) We all know that paper was first made in China.(宾从) 小结:定语从句与主宾表从句在特定情况下可以表示相同的意思。
    • 15. 填空: 1) He told us all __ had happened 10 years ago. A. that B. what C. which 2)He has told us all ___ he experienced abroad. A. which B. what C. how D. when 小结 :what = something that all that = what 练习: Our hometown is no longer __ she was 20 years ago.
    • 16. That B. which C. where D. what 2) It seems to us that no reason __ he gave us for his absense is believable. That B. what C. why D. which 3) The art center is __ used to be a factory,__millions of tractors were made. what,where B. where, where C. what, which D. where,which
    • 17. 4) The place ___ the bridge is supposed to be built should be __ the cross river traffic is the heavest. which, where B. at which ,which C. at which, where D. which, in which 5)No one believed his reason for being late ___ he was caught in a traffic jam, ___ make him embrassed. Athat, which B. why, which C. why,what D. that, what 6)___ is known to all is that the old scientist, for __life was hard in the past, still works very hard in his eighties. A. As, whomB. What, whom C. It, whose D. As, whose
    • 18. 7)Desertification, the name for __ happens when farmable land is turned in desert, is a growing world problem.A.whichB.whereC.whatDhow 8) The reserchers who study jokes want to know __people from different nations and cultures find funny. A. Why B. that B. what D. whether
    • 19. 总结: 用什么样的关系词或连接词,均要在从句中分析查找。关系词和连接词存在某种转化关系: What= all that / something that Whatever= anything that Whoever = anyone who 2. 高考考查的趋势是多种复合句的融合,而非单一句法的考查。
    • 20. 3. 定语从句与名词性从句的本质区别: 定从多存在被修饰的先行词,且先行词(或关系词)在从句中作成分;名从没有先行词,名从中的连接词除了that 、whether 外,均在从句中作成分。
    • 21. 三、定语从句与状语从句 1.Where 引导的定从与状从的区别 填空: 1)This is the place__ we lived for ten years. 2) Young people should go __ they are most needed.
    • 22. 3) You should make it arule to leave things ___ you can find them easily. 4) I still remember the bus ___ I met you for the first time. 5)___there is a will, there is a way. 6) He left the key ___ he had been an hour before. 7) He left the key at the place ___ he had been an hour before.
    • 23. 8) He left the place ___ he lived for many years. when B. where C. there D. In which 小结: 1)where 引导定从修饰先行词,在从句中作地点状语;where引导状从,修饰主句动词或整个句子,有时可以放句首。 2)若where引导状从放于动词vi 后,则状从可与定从转化。
    • 24. 2. such… as / such…that 在定从与状从中的区别。 This is so interesting a book ____ all of of us want to read it. This is so interesting a book __ all of us want to read. He is such a good teacher ___ we all like him. He is such a good teacher __ all of us love and respect.
    • 25. 小结:so/such…that 引导状从,that从句成分完整,而定语从句先行词被so/such修饰时,常用as 引导从句,且从句缺少成分。 练习: WuHan was attacked by such a terrible snow storm ____few people had expected before. That B. as C. which D. what 2) Such good use has been ___his spare time ___his English has improved a lot. A. made of, that B. strengthened, as C. Underlined in,as D. found in, which
    • 26. 四、定从与并列句 Mr Smith has a three sons, none of ___is a computer expert. He has three sisters, ___ are doctors. She has three CDs,but none of ___is interesting. I have many friends, and all of __ are nice and friendly. Miss Yang has some relatives here; ___like her very much. A. Whom B. them C. they D. who
    • 27. 小结: 定从与主句有逗号分隔时,没有and,but, so,or, while 等连词;并列句由and,but,or,so,while 等并列连词连接,或用分号分隔。 练习: He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows, most of ___ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. 2) He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows,and most of ____ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
    • 28. 3) He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows; most of ____ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. 4) Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, the price of ___ was reasonable. 5) Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase; the price of it was reasonable. 6) John’s parent’s kept telling him that he should work hard, but ___ didn’t help. 7) She thought I was taling about her daugther, ___ in fact, I was taling about my daughter. A. Whom B. where C. while D. which
    • 29. 8) Dorothy was always speaking highly of he role in the play,___of course, made the others unhappy. Who B. which C. this D. what 9)There were many people in th ereading room, and most of ___had their heads bent down over their books.A. Whom B. them C. that D. which
    • 30. 五:定语从句与强调句 区别where 1) It is the house ____i met the young man. 2) It was in the house ___ I met the young man. 3) Is it Guangming Theatre _____ you are going to watch the famous play?
    • 31.  2: 区别when 1)It was five o’clock _ the accident happened. 2) It was at five o’clock _the accident happened. 3) Was it 12:00 pm. ___ you arrived home last night? A. On which B. that C. when
    • 32. 小结: 区别when/where 引导的定语从句与强调句,要看在疑似强调句的被强调部分前是否有介词。 若有介词,则多为强调句;反之, 多为定语从句。但不是必然的。
    • 33. 3. 定语从句与强调句的情景化区别 1) --- Where did you get to know her? --- It was on the farm __we worked. That B. where C. which D. there 2)--- Where did fire broke out? ---It was in the hotel ___ I lived last last night. A. That B. where C. which D. there
    • 34. 3) --- When did accident happen? --- It was at 5:00 ___ I got up. A. That B. when C. in which D. which 4)---he was nearly drowned once. ---when was he___? ---___was in 1988___he was in middle school. A.that,it when B.this, this, when C.this, it, that D.that, it, that
    • 35. 4. 定从与强调句的结合 It is the young man ___ looked for ___ caught the murderer. A. that, who B. that, they C. they,that D. they, which 2) It is the ability to do the job __ matters not __you come from or ___you are. One, where ,that B. that, where, what C. that, there,what D. which, which, what
    • 36. 六: 定从与非谓语动词 限制性定从与非谓语动词 1) A student of English ___ limited exercises finds it hard to get a good mark in an exam. Is used to deal with B. used to deal with C. is used to dealing with D. used to dealing with A student of English who is used to dealing with limited exercises finds it hard to get a good mark in an English exam.
    • 37. 小结: 限制性定从与非谓语动词作定语存在相互转化关系, 作题时适当运用这种转化利于看清句子的结构。 2. 非限制性定语从句与非谓语动词 Her husband died, which made her live a hard life. Her husband died, making her live a hard life. so she lived a hard life.
    • 38. 小结: 非限制性定从 若与主句存在因果关系, 则常可转化为非谓语动词作结果状语或结果状语从句。
    • 39. 大总结:复合句学习的三境界 区别----融合----应用 只有达到灵活应用的 境界,才能在复合句的三角区中纵横驰骋.
    • 40. 练习:适当应用复合句,结合unit3的短语,翻译如下短文: 我的朋友玛丽一直为自己的身材而羞愧,非常渴望有一个苗条的身材。她充分利用业余时间,每周去体操馆锻炼三次,然而并没有效果因为她胃口很好。后来,她又开始节食,并发誓至少要减去10公斤,结果,她的努力以失败告终。最终她接受了一位朋友应该吃减肥药的建议,由于副作用,她的头发开始脱落,这使得她为此很尴尬。
    • 41. 最近我收到她的一封信,在信中她说她害怕受到嘲笑。我劝说她振作起来。想要苗条健康,良好的心态才是最重要的。从长远来看,一个人应该对生活自信乐观。毕竟,健康是最好的财富。
    • 42. My friend Mary had been ashamed of her figure and was dying for a slim one. She made full use of her spare time to work out in the gym three times a week. However, it made no difference because she had a good appetite.
    • 43. Later, she began to go on a diet, swearing to lose at least 10 kilograms. As a result, her efforts ended in failure. Eventually, she followed her friend’s suggestion that she take weight-loss pills. Due to the side effects, her hair began to fall out, which made her embarrassed about it.
    • 44. Recently, I received a letter from her. In the letter, she said that she was afraid of being laughed at. I advised her to cheer up. It is a good state of mind that counts to keep healthy and slim. In the long term, one should be optimistic and confident about life. After all, health is better than wealth.

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