电医学免疫微生物学期末复资料
题型：单项选择题 题量分值：50题题2分100分（资料拼音字母排序）
B细胞表面标志中包括（ ） E CD3分子
HIV传播途径中包括（ ） C 日常生活中般接触
HLAI抗原存( ) B 核细胞表面
I型干扰素( ) C 细胞感染病毒产生脂蛋白
TDAg特点（ ） E 必须T细胞辅助激活B细胞
艾滋病病毒致病关键素HIV( ) D 侵犯CD4+细胞造成严重免疫缺陷
巴氏消毒法常消毒物品（ ） D 牛奶酒类
白色念珠菌引起病变中包括( ) E 皮肤癣症
半抗原特点（ ） C 身免疫原性
称扩散子物质（ ） D 透明质酸酶
病毒包膜特点包括（ ） B 镶嵌细胞编码蛋白
病毒特征中包括（ ） B 含两种核酸
病毒致病物质（ ） D 蛋白质核酸
病毒感染造成细胞损伤素中包括（ ） A 中抗体直接溶解靶细胞
病毒体定义（ ） E 结构完整感染性成熟病毒
病毒体核心物质（ ） C 核酸
补体典途径激活物( ) D 抗原抗体复合物
表达HLAII抗原细胞（） A 红细胞
符合血清HBsAg(+)HBeAg(+)抗HBc(+)解释( ) C 乙型肝炎恢复期
分离培养病毒物质（ ） B 工合成培养基
受MHC限制细胞间相互作（ ） D NK细胞肿瘤细胞
通性接触传播病毒 D 流感病毒
需抗体补体参超敏反应类型( ) D Ⅳ型
引起毒血症毒素（ ） B 霍乱肠毒素
参Ⅰ型超敏反应抗体( ) E IgE
出生B细胞分化发育部位（ ） A 骨髓
病毒包膜错误叙述( ) D 抵抗脂溶剂
病毒包膜错误叙述（ ） A 表面凸起壳微粒组成
化学消毒剂作效果影响素（） B 盐存
破伤风毒素错误叙述( ) B 阻止中枢神兴奋性递质释放造成肌肉麻痹
热原质特性叙述中错误（ ） C 高压灭菌灭活
言HLA抗原属（ ） C 种异型抗原
外毒素特性叙述中错误（ ） D 耐热
外界抵抗力强细菌结构（ ） D 芽胞
需注射破伤风抗毒素皮肤试验阳性者应采（ ） A 脱敏注射
分离脑膜炎球菌常培养基（ ） B 巧克力色板
革兰阳性菌类似菌毛黏附细胞结构（ ） D 膜磷壁酸
革兰阳性菌细胞壁特成分（ ） B 磷壁酸
革兰阴性菌细胞壁成分中（ ） B 磷壁酸
钩端螺旋体传染源传播方式（ ） B 接触食入污染水土壤
化脓性球菌中属革兰阴性菌引起泌尿道感染（ ） D 淋球菌
活疫苗具备特点（） B 易保存
获然动免疫通( ) C 隐性感染
机体免疫监视功异常时会发生( ) E 肿瘤
机体受抗原刺激发生免疫应答部位（ ） C 淋巴结
激活补体力强抗体类型（ ） C IgM
脊髓灰质炎病毒感染方式( ) B 消化道
脊髓灰质炎病毒体播散通（ ） B 血液
脊髓灰质炎病传染性排泄物（ ） A 粪便
检测细胞免疫功皮肤实验( ) D 结核菌素试验
浆细胞（ ） D 产生抗体效应细胞
结核杆菌菌体成分中超敏反应关（ ） C 蜡质D
结核菌素试验途包括（ ） C 诊断Ⅳ型超敏反应
介导细菌接合结构（ ） C 性菌毛
金黄色葡萄球菌乙型溶血性链球菌毒素（ ） A 溶血毒素
蚊叮咬引起中枢神系统感染病原微生物（ ） C 乙型脑炎病毒
酒精消毒适宜浓度 C 75
具菌丝孢子微生物（ ） B 真菌
具抗吞噬作胞寄生菌（ ） A 结核杆菌
具抗吞噬作细菌特殊结构（ ） E 荚膜
具异染颗粒细菌（ ） A 白喉杆菌
决定病毒体感染细胞关键物质( ) B 核酸
决定抗原物质免疫原性素包括（ ） E 免疫次数
决定痢疾杆菌侵袭力首素( ) D 菌毛
抗毒素抗体类（ ） A IgG
抗体次应答特点（ ） B 产生快维持时间长
抗原表面抗体结合特殊化学基团称（ ） D 抗原决定簇
抗原提呈细胞中包括（ ） E 中性粒细胞
产生外毒素革兰阴性菌（ ） D 霍乱弧菌
成身抗原物质（ ） D 精液
高度传染乙型肝炎血液中含 ( ) D HBsAg抗HBcHBeAg
激活补体代途径物质（ ） E 细菌脂糖
灭活肠道病毒物质（ ） A 氧化剂
释放穿孔素特异性杀伤靶细胞（ ） D CTL（Tc细胞)
通病毒血症引起全身感染病毒（ ） A 麻疹病毒
通病毒血症引起全身感染呼吸道病毒 A 麻疹病毒
引起菌血症细菌（ ） D 伤寒杆菌
引起胞间移植排斥反应抗原属（ ） B 种异体抗原
立克次体感染血清学诊断方法( ) B 外斐反应
脑膜炎球菌分离培养基 B 巧克力板
细菌间传递DNA物质（ ） E 性菌毛
直接测量病毒方法( ) A 电镜观察
直接杀伤病毒感染细胞特异性免疫素( ) A Tc细胞
口服脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗优点（ ） B 产生血清抗体产生肠黏膜局部分泌型抗体
立克次体细菌间区（ ） D 专性细胞增殖
流感病毒吸附细胞结构（ ） C 血凝素
流感病毒易发生抗原性变异（ ） A 血凝素
流行性脑脊髓膜炎病原体（ ） B 脊髓灰质炎病毒
流行性乙型脑炎病原体 A 日脑炎病毒
梅毒螺旋体传播方式（ ） E 性接触
梅毒螺旋体传染源（ ） A 早期梅毒患者
灭菌指 A 杀死物体微生物方法
灭蚊预防感染病毒（ ） D 流行性乙型脑炎病毒
毒素毒性成分（ ） D 类脂A
毒素毒性作中包括（ ） C 选择性作靶细胞引起特殊症状
肥细胞结合抗体（ ） E IgE
皮肤黏膜屏障作包括（） D 吞噬杀菌
破伤风特异性治疗应注射( ) A 破伤风抗毒素
破伤风毒素作机制（ ）A 阻止中枢神抑制性递质释放造成肌肉痉挛
葡萄球菌引起急性胃肠炎致病物质（ ） C 肠毒素
普通感常见病原( ) D 鼻病毒冠状病毒
血清中含量高补体成分（ ） C C3
溶菌酶G＋菌作（ ） B 裂解聚糖骨架
杀灭细菌芽胞常方法( ) D 高压蒸汽灭菌法
湿热灭菌法中杀菌效果彻底（ ） D 高压蒸汽灭菌法
实验动物新生期摘胸腺表现（ ） D 体液免疫细胞免疫均受影响
体细菌发生L型变异原（ ） D 抗生素量足
天然血型抗体类（ ） C IgM
通芽胞侵入伤口引起感染细菌（ ） C 破伤风杆菌
外毒素毒性作特点（ ） C 选择性作靶细胞引起特殊症状
唯够通胎盘抗体（ ） A IgG
细菌细胞壁基成分 A 粘肽
细菌细胞壁成分（ ） A 黏肽
细菌芽胞医学中重意义（ ） C 灭菌指标
细菌直接摄取供体菌游离DNA片段获新遗传性状程称（ ） A 转化
细菌致病性强弱取决细菌（ ） E 毒力
列病毒中逆转录酶（ ） A 类免疫缺陷病毒
列HIV感染者传播HIV方式（ ） C 握手
列细菌基结构（ ） E 芽胞
列通性接触传播病毒( ) D 流感病毒
列引起食物中毒细菌 ( ) D 白喉杆菌
列类肿瘤密切相关病毒（ ） A 水痘－带状疱疹病毒
列属病毒衣壳生物学意义( ) C 身具传染性
列毒性作强外毒素（ ） D 肉毒毒素
列抗菌物质中抑制细菌肽聚糖合成（ ） A 青霉素
列引起菌血症细菌 D 伤寒杆菌
列种消毒剂皮肤黏膜消毒（） E 5氧乙酸
列种作特点细胞子具备（） B 特异性
列微生物中属动物源性细菌（ ） B 炭疽杆菌
列细菌中产毒素（ ） D 结核杆菌
列细菌中繁殖速度慢（ ） D 结核杆菌
列细菌中引起败血症( ) C 绿脓杆菌
述生物学性状中霍乱弧菌特点符（ ） B 具周鞭毛运动活泼
显微镜呈矛头状钝端相成双排列革兰阳性菌（ ） C 肺炎球菌
胸腺赖抗原指（ ） E 引起细胞免疫引起体液免疫应答抗原
血液中易查HBV抗原（ ） B HBcAg
般通血液播散病毒（ ） D 狂犬病毒
般引起败血症细菌（ ） A 白喉杆菌
毒素致病物质细菌（ ） E 脑膜炎球菌
毒素致病物质细菌（ ）毒素致病物质细菌（ ）
毒素致病素引起全身感染肠道杆菌 C 伤寒杆菌
毒素致病素引起全身感染肠道致病菌（ ） A 伤寒杆菌
引起败血症细菌外（ ） A 白喉杆菌
引起普通感常见病毒 D 鼻病毒冠状病毒
引起强烈迅速移植排斥反应抗原系统称（） D 组织相容性抗原
引起胎畸形常见病毒（ ） A 风疹病毒
引起婴腹泻常见肠道细菌( ) D 肠致病性肠杆菌
单核细胞产生细胞子（） A IL1
助细菌体抗吞噬限制细菌扩散物质 C 血浆凝固酶
助细菌体抗吞噬限制细菌扩散物质（ ） C 血浆凝固酶
MHCII类分子结合参T细胞活化信号形成分子（ ） D CD4
恶液质形成关细胞子（） D TNF
结核杆菌致病性关物质( ) D 细胞壁类脂
类肿瘤关病毒 A 水痘－带状疱疹病毒
细菌动力关细菌结构（ ） D 鞭毛
细菌黏附细胞关物质( ) B 菌毛
细菌侵袭力关物质（ ） D 芽胞
细菌致病性关合成代谢产物外（ ） E 抗毒素
衣原体感染关物质（ ） A 原体
标采集中错误做法（ ） C 标容器需灭菌
单核吞噬细胞T细胞相互作程中列项需？（ ） D 相互作细胞合成分泌抗体
黏膜表面发挥抗感染作抗体( ) D sIgA
体肠道正常菌群中占绝优势细菌（ ） C 芽胞厌氧菌
外界生存力强细菌（ ） D 芽胞厌氧菌
诊断流脑简便方法（ ） D 脑脊液皮肤淤斑取样涂片革兰染色镜检
诊断衣原体感染通光学显微镜感染细胞查找( ) D 包涵体
诊断乙型肝炎病毒感染指标中包括（ ） B HBcAg
正常菌群机体益处包括（ ） D 产生干扰素
支原体区微生物显著特点（ ） B 细胞壁通细菌滤器
支原体L型细菌区 E 生长时需胆固醇
支原体L型细菌区前者（ ） D 顶端结构吸附细胞
中枢免疫器官功（ ） E 免疫细胞分化成熟场
中枢免疫器官（ ） D 免疫细胞发育成熟场
属Ⅱ型超敏反应性疾病( ) B 输血反应
属III型超敏反应疾病（ ） C 类风湿性关节炎
属I型超敏反应疾病（ ） A 敏性休克
属逆转录病毒（ ） C HIV
属逆转录酶病毒 A HIV
属细胞毒素（ ） B 白喉外毒素
紫外线杀菌原理 C 破坏DNA构型
请您删容O(∩_∩)O谢谢2015年中央电期末复考试抄全电期末考试必备抄电考试必抄Many people have the same mixed feelings when planning a trip during Golden Week With heaps of time the sevenday Chinese请您删容O(∩_∩)O谢谢National Day holiday could be the best occasion to enjoy a destination However it can also be the easiest way to ruin how you feel about a place and you may become more fatigued after the holiday due to battling the large crowds During peak season a dream about a place can turn to nightmare without careful planning especially if you travel with children and older people As most Chinese people will take the holiday to visit domestic tourist destinations crowds and busy traffic are inevitable at most places Also to be expected are increasing transport and accommodation prices with the possibility that there will be no rooms available It is also common that you＇ ll wait in the line for one hour to get a ticket and another two hours at the site to only see a tiny bit of the place due to the crowds Last year 428 million tourists traveled in China over the weeklong holiday in October Traveling during this period is a matter that needs thorough preparation If you are short on time to plan the upcoming Golden Week it may not be a bad idea to avoid some of the most crowded places for now There is always a place so fascinating that everyone yearns for Arxan is a place like this The beauty of Arxan is everlasting regardless of the changing of four seasons Bestowed by nature its spectacular seasonal landscape and mountains are just beyond word Arxan is a crucial destination for the recommended travelling route China Inner Mongolia Arxan — Hailar — Manzhouli It is also the joint of the four prairies across the SinoMongolian border where people gravitate towards the exotic atmosphere mixed with Chinese Russian and Mongolia elements As a historic site for the Yitian Battle Arxan still embodies the spirit of Genghis Khan Walking into Arxan you will be amazed by a kaleidoscope of gorgeous colors all the year round the Spring azaleas blooming red in the snow the Summer sea wavering blue in the breeze the Autumn leaves painted in yellow covering volcanic traces and the Winter woods shining white on the vast alpine snowscape Hinggan League Arxan city is situated in the far eastern area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Its full name Haren Arxan means hot holy water in the Mongolian language Arxan is a tourism city in the northern frontier with a blend of large forest grand prairies vast snowfield heaven lake cluster thermium as well as volcanic cluster It is a rare and unique ecotourism base filled with healthy sunshine clean air and unspoiled green Nestled close to the country＇s largest virgin forest and known for its spring and ecological environment Arxan is marveled at by many tourists as the purest land on earth You cannot miss out the Autumn of Arxan It is definitely the best with brightlycolored scenery full of emotions Autumn in the northern part of the country comes earlier than the South A September rain followed by the footprints of Autumn brings more colors to the once emerald green mountain and blooming grassland Shutterbugs flock to see for themselves the marvel of splendid colors around the mountains and waters many of whom have travel a long distance and even camp here only to capture a moment of the nature wonder The silver birch turns golden while the larch is still proudly green You will find yourself drowned in the intoxicating red of the wild fruits as well as the glamour of flowers in full blown And your heart will be lingering on the woods as it＇s time for the wild fruits to ripe The picturesque Arxan in Autumn is indeed a fairyland only exists in a dream that satisfies all your fantasies If it rains heavily on Saturday night some elderly Chinese will say it is because Zhinu or the Weaving Maid is crying on the day she met her husband Niulang or the Cowherd on the Milky Way Most Chinese remember being told this romantic tragedy when they were children on Qixi or the Seventh Night Festival which falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month which is usually in early August This year it falls on Saturday August 2 Folklore Story As the story goes once there was a cowherd Niulang who lived with his elder brother and sisterinlaw But she disliked and abused him and the boy was forced to leave home with only an old cow for company The cow however was a former god who had violated imperial rules and was sent to earth in bovine form One day the cow led Niulang to a lake where fairies took a bath on earth Among them was Zhinu the most beautiful fairy and a skilled seamstress The two fell in love at first sight and were soon married They had a son and daughter and their happy life was held up as an example for hundreds of years in China Yet in the eyes of the Jade Emperor the Supreme Deity in Taoism marriage between a mortal and fairy was strictly forbidden He ordered the heaven troop to catch Zhinu back Niulang grew desperate when he discovered Zhinu had been taken back to heaven Driven by Niulang＇s misery the cow told him to turn its hide into a pair of shoes after it died The magic shoes whisked Niulang who carried his two children in baskets strung from a shoulder pole off on a chase after the empress The pursuit enraged the empress who took her hairpin and slashed it across the sky creating the Milky Way which separated husband from wife But all was not lost as magpies moved by their love and devotion formed a bridge across the Milky Way to reunite the family Even the Jade Emperor was touched and allowed Niulang and Zhinu to meet once a year on the seventh night of the seventh month This is how Qixi came to be The festival can be traced back to the Han Dynasty (206 BCAD 220) Traditionally people would look up at the sky and find a bright star in the constellation Aquila as well as the star Vega which are identified as Niulang and Zhinu The two stars shine on opposite sides of the Milky Way Customs In bygone days Qixi was not only a special day for lovers but also for girls It is also known as the Begging for Skills Festival or Daughters＇ Festival In this day girls will throw a sewing needle into a bowl full of water on the night of Qixi as a test of embroidery skills If the needle floats on top of the water instead of sinking it proves the girl is a skilled embroiders Single women also pray for finding a good husband in the future And the newly married women pray to become pregnant quickly Tradition transformed The love story of Niulang and Zhinu and the Qixi Festival have been handed down for generations Yet these ancient traditions and customs are slowly dying out Many modern Chinese particularly youngsters seem to know more about St Valentine＇s Day on February 14 characterized by bouquets of roses chocolates and romantic candlelight dinners than they do about their homegrown day for lovers Even Qixi is nowadays referred to as the Chinese Valentine＇s Day More and more young Chinese people begin to celebrate this day in a very similar way as that in western countries Fewer people than ever will gaze at the heavens on Saturday to pick out the two stars shining bright on either side of the Milky Way that is if people even know on which day Qixi falls There are ready reminders dotted about in the form of big ads saying Sales on Chinese Valentine＇s Day in shops hotels and restaurants But few young women will mark the festival with their boyfriends or take part in traditional activities to pray for cleverness A largescale of exhibition on the Silk Road opened to the public in the National Museum on Thursday The exhibition displays more than 400 treasures from Shaanxi province Gansu province and 14 other regions It is largest scale exhibition that shows the history of the Silk Road in recent years As APEC is going on in Beijing the exhibit aims to show the world this brilliant section of history The Silk Road is a series of trade and cultural transmission routes that were central to cultural interaction through regions of the Asian continent It connected the West and East by linking traders merchants pilgrims monks soldiers nomads and urban dwellers from China and India to the Mediterranean Sea during various periods of time I met my dear hubby in 2009 the second year I was in my school and it was the first year when he came here We became colleagues And there was nothing special happening during that year He was just a kind and humble brother graduated from the same college as me But we did not know each other till he became my colleague and his office desk was just in front of me There was only a glass between us So actually we could see each other when we both look up But it is not the main reason that really draws us close How we become close to each other was something seems quite natural We went out to play badminton with other colleagues and we sometimes chatted for a while He is a man of few words but somehow sometimes will say something really humorous Then one day to my great surprise I found a pot of beautiful flower on my desk It was just the flower I had talked about with my colleague the other day and I thought it was her who put the flower there But the truth is not It was the humble guy sitting in front of me He just simply said well I caught sight of this flower and thought that it’s beautiful and you may like it I wonder why I was moved because of these simple words and present Maybe it is the sincerity and the true self that impress me I thanked him and some colleagues walked past my desk would appreciate the beautiful flower and they noticed that something romance happened there Then later on there were some little surprises once in a while Once there was something wrong with my drawer and I had complained about it unconsciously And he fixed it for me Then the other day he placed several pink diamond roses beside the flower with a piece of paper saying I love you more than I can say Diamond stands for marriage rose stand for love I hope you are mine become my wife You are the only girl who I really want to spend the rest of my life to stand by Although there were some grammar errors but I got what he meant He meant so clear and so direct And actually I accepted him some days earlier I was just waiting for him to break the ice So finally the common interests and the common understanding brought us together Some people say the relationship and the feeling will change after getting hitched You will find that love is no longer strong and there is always lack of passion and what’s worse you may find out many bad habits of your partner which never appear when you are first in love before the marriage It seems that many faults turn up after you truly living together and see each other’s face the moment you open your eyes in the early morning But after almost 4 years from now I do not feel any negative change in our relationship During all these years we know each other better and we become more tolerant about each other and I realize that if you really love a person you will accept his imperfect And what is the qualification of a good husband Once I was chatting with my colleague about this issue And one of the qualifications I thought was that he must be a good cook But to my surprise my colleague said that a good husband must be someone who makes big money What made her think so was quite beyond me Maybe I am not sophisticated enough and what I want is just simple life style The most enjoyable thing is that we go to the market to buy vegetables and other daily stuffs if we both have time Maybe he is a housebound husband and I love housebound man And there is another reason why We love going to the market That is because we sometimes will get some surprises The surprise is saving little fish which are disserted by the fish mongers Because these fish are swellfish Then we will collect them and set them free into the river Swellfish are lovely creature When they look like a little submarine when they are swimming in the water and look like a meat ball when you hold them in your hand And if they are scared they will swell and look like a little ball Every time we see them swim away and we feel their happiness of returning home and this also make us cherish life Maybe some will consider these behavior as something childish Well that is fine with us We love doing these together and feel happy that is what it is all about My dear hubby is a kind hearted man and he love animals just as I do I am lucky to have someone who can be both my intimated soul mate and my forever friend
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题型：单项选择题 题量分值：50题题2分100分（资料拼音字母排序）
B细胞表面标志中包括（ ） E CD3分子
HIV传播途径中包括（ ） C 日常生活中般接触
HLAI抗原存( ) B 核细胞表面
I型干扰素( ) C 细胞感染病毒产生脂蛋白
TDAg特点（ ） E 必须T细胞辅助激活B细胞
艾滋病病毒致病关键素HIV( ) D 侵犯CD4+细胞造成严重免疫缺陷
巴氏消毒法常消毒物品（ ） D 牛奶酒类
白色念珠菌引起病变中包括( ) E 皮肤癣症
半抗原特点（ ） C 身免疫原性
称扩散子物质（ ） D 透明质酸酶
病毒包膜特点包括（ ） B 镶嵌细胞编码蛋白
病毒特征中包括（ ） B 含两种核酸
病毒致病物质（ ） D 蛋白质核酸
病毒感染造成细胞损伤素中包括（ ） A 中抗体直接溶解靶细胞
病毒体定义（ ） E 结构完整感染性成熟病毒
病毒体核心物质（ ） C 核酸
补体典途径激活物( ) D 抗原抗体复合物
表达HLAII抗原细胞（） A 红细胞
符合血清HBsAg(+)HBeAg(+)抗HBc(+)解释( ) C 乙型肝炎恢复期
分离培养病毒物质（ ） B 工合成培养基
受MHC限制细胞间相互作（ ） D NK细胞肿瘤细胞
通性接触传播病毒 D 流感病毒
需抗体补体参超敏反应类型( ) D Ⅳ型
引起毒血症毒素（ ） B 霍乱肠毒素
参Ⅰ型超敏反应抗体( ) E IgE
出生B细胞分化发育部位（ ） A 骨髓
病毒包膜错误叙述( ) D 抵抗脂溶剂
病毒包膜错误叙述（ ） A 表面凸起壳微粒组成
化学消毒剂作效果影响素（） B 盐存
破伤风毒素错误叙述( ) B 阻止中枢神兴奋性递质释放造成肌肉麻痹
热原质特性叙述中错误（ ） C 高压灭菌灭活
言HLA抗原属（ ） C 种异型抗原
外毒素特性叙述中错误（ ） D 耐热
外界抵抗力强细菌结构（ ） D 芽胞
需注射破伤风抗毒素皮肤试验阳性者应采（ ） A 脱敏注射
分离脑膜炎球菌常培养基（ ） B 巧克力色板
革兰阳性菌类似菌毛黏附细胞结构（ ） D 膜磷壁酸
革兰阳性菌细胞壁特成分（ ） B 磷壁酸
革兰阴性菌细胞壁成分中（ ） B 磷壁酸
钩端螺旋体传染源传播方式（ ） B 接触食入污染水土壤
化脓性球菌中属革兰阴性菌引起泌尿道感染（ ） D 淋球菌
活疫苗具备特点（） B 易保存
获然动免疫通( ) C 隐性感染
机体免疫监视功异常时会发生( ) E 肿瘤
机体受抗原刺激发生免疫应答部位（ ） C 淋巴结
激活补体力强抗体类型（ ） C IgM
脊髓灰质炎病毒感染方式( ) B 消化道
脊髓灰质炎病毒体播散通（ ） B 血液
脊髓灰质炎病传染性排泄物（ ） A 粪便
检测细胞免疫功皮肤实验( ) D 结核菌素试验
浆细胞（ ） D 产生抗体效应细胞
结核杆菌菌体成分中超敏反应关（ ） C 蜡质D
结核菌素试验途包括（ ） C 诊断Ⅳ型超敏反应
介导细菌接合结构（ ） C 性菌毛
金黄色葡萄球菌乙型溶血性链球菌毒素（ ） A 溶血毒素
蚊叮咬引起中枢神系统感染病原微生物（ ） C 乙型脑炎病毒
酒精消毒适宜浓度 C 75
具菌丝孢子微生物（ ） B 真菌
具抗吞噬作胞寄生菌（ ） A 结核杆菌
具抗吞噬作细菌特殊结构（ ） E 荚膜
具异染颗粒细菌（ ） A 白喉杆菌
决定病毒体感染细胞关键物质( ) B 核酸
决定抗原物质免疫原性素包括（ ） E 免疫次数
决定痢疾杆菌侵袭力首素( ) D 菌毛
抗毒素抗体类（ ） A IgG
抗体次应答特点（ ） B 产生快维持时间长
抗原表面抗体结合特殊化学基团称（ ） D 抗原决定簇
抗原提呈细胞中包括（ ） E 中性粒细胞
产生外毒素革兰阴性菌（ ） D 霍乱弧菌
成身抗原物质（ ） D 精液
高度传染乙型肝炎血液中含 ( ) D HBsAg抗HBcHBeAg
激活补体代途径物质（ ） E 细菌脂糖
灭活肠道病毒物质（ ） A 氧化剂
释放穿孔素特异性杀伤靶细胞（ ） D CTL（Tc细胞)
通病毒血症引起全身感染病毒（ ） A 麻疹病毒
通病毒血症引起全身感染呼吸道病毒 A 麻疹病毒
引起菌血症细菌（ ） D 伤寒杆菌
引起胞间移植排斥反应抗原属（ ） B 种异体抗原
立克次体感染血清学诊断方法( ) B 外斐反应
脑膜炎球菌分离培养基 B 巧克力板
细菌间传递DNA物质（ ） E 性菌毛
直接测量病毒方法( ) A 电镜观察
直接杀伤病毒感染细胞特异性免疫素( ) A Tc细胞
口服脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗优点（ ） B 产生血清抗体产生肠黏膜局部分泌型抗体
立克次体细菌间区（ ） D 专性细胞增殖
流感病毒吸附细胞结构（ ） C 血凝素
流感病毒易发生抗原性变异（ ） A 血凝素
流行性脑脊髓膜炎病原体（ ） B 脊髓灰质炎病毒
流行性乙型脑炎病原体 A 日脑炎病毒
梅毒螺旋体传播方式（ ） E 性接触
梅毒螺旋体传染源（ ） A 早期梅毒患者
灭菌指 A 杀死物体微生物方法
灭蚊预防感染病毒（ ） D 流行性乙型脑炎病毒
毒素毒性成分（ ） D 类脂A
毒素毒性作中包括（ ） C 选择性作靶细胞引起特殊症状
肥细胞结合抗体（ ） E IgE
皮肤黏膜屏障作包括（） D 吞噬杀菌
破伤风特异性治疗应注射( ) A 破伤风抗毒素
破伤风毒素作机制（ ）A 阻止中枢神抑制性递质释放造成肌肉痉挛
葡萄球菌引起急性胃肠炎致病物质（ ） C 肠毒素
普通感常见病原( ) D 鼻病毒冠状病毒
血清中含量高补体成分（ ） C C3
溶菌酶G＋菌作（ ） B 裂解聚糖骨架
杀灭细菌芽胞常方法( ) D 高压蒸汽灭菌法
湿热灭菌法中杀菌效果彻底（ ） D 高压蒸汽灭菌法
实验动物新生期摘胸腺表现（ ） D 体液免疫细胞免疫均受影响
体细菌发生L型变异原（ ） D 抗生素量足
天然血型抗体类（ ） C IgM
通芽胞侵入伤口引起感染细菌（ ） C 破伤风杆菌
外毒素毒性作特点（ ） C 选择性作靶细胞引起特殊症状
唯够通胎盘抗体（ ） A IgG
细菌细胞壁基成分 A 粘肽
细菌细胞壁成分（ ） A 黏肽
细菌芽胞医学中重意义（ ） C 灭菌指标
细菌直接摄取供体菌游离DNA片段获新遗传性状程称（ ） A 转化
细菌致病性强弱取决细菌（ ） E 毒力
列病毒中逆转录酶（ ） A 类免疫缺陷病毒
列HIV感染者传播HIV方式（ ） C 握手
列细菌基结构（ ） E 芽胞
列通性接触传播病毒( ) D 流感病毒
列引起食物中毒细菌 ( ) D 白喉杆菌
列类肿瘤密切相关病毒（ ） A 水痘－带状疱疹病毒
列属病毒衣壳生物学意义( ) C 身具传染性
列毒性作强外毒素（ ） D 肉毒毒素
列抗菌物质中抑制细菌肽聚糖合成（ ） A 青霉素
列引起菌血症细菌 D 伤寒杆菌
列种消毒剂皮肤黏膜消毒（） E 5氧乙酸
列种作特点细胞子具备（） B 特异性
列微生物中属动物源性细菌（ ） B 炭疽杆菌
列细菌中产毒素（ ） D 结核杆菌
列细菌中繁殖速度慢（ ） D 结核杆菌
列细菌中引起败血症( ) C 绿脓杆菌
述生物学性状中霍乱弧菌特点符（ ） B 具周鞭毛运动活泼
显微镜呈矛头状钝端相成双排列革兰阳性菌（ ） C 肺炎球菌
胸腺赖抗原指（ ） E 引起细胞免疫引起体液免疫应答抗原
血液中易查HBV抗原（ ） B HBcAg
般通血液播散病毒（ ） D 狂犬病毒
般引起败血症细菌（ ） A 白喉杆菌
毒素致病物质细菌（ ） E 脑膜炎球菌
毒素致病物质细菌（ ）毒素致病物质细菌（ ）
毒素致病素引起全身感染肠道杆菌 C 伤寒杆菌
毒素致病素引起全身感染肠道致病菌（ ） A 伤寒杆菌
引起败血症细菌外（ ） A 白喉杆菌
引起普通感常见病毒 D 鼻病毒冠状病毒
引起强烈迅速移植排斥反应抗原系统称（） D 组织相容性抗原
引起胎畸形常见病毒（ ） A 风疹病毒
引起婴腹泻常见肠道细菌( ) D 肠致病性肠杆菌
单核细胞产生细胞子（） A IL1
助细菌体抗吞噬限制细菌扩散物质 C 血浆凝固酶
助细菌体抗吞噬限制细菌扩散物质（ ） C 血浆凝固酶
MHCII类分子结合参T细胞活化信号形成分子（ ） D CD4
恶液质形成关细胞子（） D TNF
结核杆菌致病性关物质( ) D 细胞壁类脂
类肿瘤关病毒 A 水痘－带状疱疹病毒
细菌动力关细菌结构（ ） D 鞭毛
细菌黏附细胞关物质( ) B 菌毛
细菌侵袭力关物质（ ） D 芽胞
细菌致病性关合成代谢产物外（ ） E 抗毒素
衣原体感染关物质（ ） A 原体
标采集中错误做法（ ） C 标容器需灭菌
单核吞噬细胞T细胞相互作程中列项需？（ ） D 相互作细胞合成分泌抗体
黏膜表面发挥抗感染作抗体( ) D sIgA
体肠道正常菌群中占绝优势细菌（ ） C 芽胞厌氧菌
外界生存力强细菌（ ） D 芽胞厌氧菌
诊断流脑简便方法（ ） D 脑脊液皮肤淤斑取样涂片革兰染色镜检
诊断衣原体感染通光学显微镜感染细胞查找( ) D 包涵体
诊断乙型肝炎病毒感染指标中包括（ ） B HBcAg
正常菌群机体益处包括（ ） D 产生干扰素
支原体区微生物显著特点（ ） B 细胞壁通细菌滤器
支原体L型细菌区 E 生长时需胆固醇
支原体L型细菌区前者（ ） D 顶端结构吸附细胞
中枢免疫器官功（ ） E 免疫细胞分化成熟场
中枢免疫器官（ ） D 免疫细胞发育成熟场
属Ⅱ型超敏反应性疾病( ) B 输血反应
属III型超敏反应疾病（ ） C 类风湿性关节炎
属I型超敏反应疾病（ ） A 敏性休克
属逆转录病毒（ ） C HIV
属逆转录酶病毒 A HIV
属细胞毒素（ ） B 白喉外毒素
紫外线杀菌原理 C 破坏DNA构型
请您删容O(∩_∩)O谢谢2015年中央电期末复考试抄全电期末考试必备抄电考试必抄Many people have the same mixed feelings when planning a trip during Golden Week With heaps of time the sevenday Chinese请您删容O(∩_∩)O谢谢National Day holiday could be the best occasion to enjoy a destination However it can also be the easiest way to ruin how you feel about a place and you may become more fatigued after the holiday due to battling the large crowds During peak season a dream about a place can turn to nightmare without careful planning especially if you travel with children and older people As most Chinese people will take the holiday to visit domestic tourist destinations crowds and busy traffic are inevitable at most places Also to be expected are increasing transport and accommodation prices with the possibility that there will be no rooms available It is also common that you＇ ll wait in the line for one hour to get a ticket and another two hours at the site to only see a tiny bit of the place due to the crowds Last year 428 million tourists traveled in China over the weeklong holiday in October Traveling during this period is a matter that needs thorough preparation If you are short on time to plan the upcoming Golden Week it may not be a bad idea to avoid some of the most crowded places for now There is always a place so fascinating that everyone yearns for Arxan is a place like this The beauty of Arxan is everlasting regardless of the changing of four seasons Bestowed by nature its spectacular seasonal landscape and mountains are just beyond word Arxan is a crucial destination for the recommended travelling route China Inner Mongolia Arxan — Hailar — Manzhouli It is also the joint of the four prairies across the SinoMongolian border where people gravitate towards the exotic atmosphere mixed with Chinese Russian and Mongolia elements As a historic site for the Yitian Battle Arxan still embodies the spirit of Genghis Khan Walking into Arxan you will be amazed by a kaleidoscope of gorgeous colors all the year round the Spring azaleas blooming red in the snow the Summer sea wavering blue in the breeze the Autumn leaves painted in yellow covering volcanic traces and the Winter woods shining white on the vast alpine snowscape Hinggan League Arxan city is situated in the far eastern area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Its full name Haren Arxan means hot holy water in the Mongolian language Arxan is a tourism city in the northern frontier with a blend of large forest grand prairies vast snowfield heaven lake cluster thermium as well as volcanic cluster It is a rare and unique ecotourism base filled with healthy sunshine clean air and unspoiled green Nestled close to the country＇s largest virgin forest and known for its spring and ecological environment Arxan is marveled at by many tourists as the purest land on earth You cannot miss out the Autumn of Arxan It is definitely the best with brightlycolored scenery full of emotions Autumn in the northern part of the country comes earlier than the South A September rain followed by the footprints of Autumn brings more colors to the once emerald green mountain and blooming grassland Shutterbugs flock to see for themselves the marvel of splendid colors around the mountains and waters many of whom have travel a long distance and even camp here only to capture a moment of the nature wonder The silver birch turns golden while the larch is still proudly green You will find yourself drowned in the intoxicating red of the wild fruits as well as the glamour of flowers in full blown And your heart will be lingering on the woods as it＇s time for the wild fruits to ripe The picturesque Arxan in Autumn is indeed a fairyland only exists in a dream that satisfies all your fantasies If it rains heavily on Saturday night some elderly Chinese will say it is because Zhinu or the Weaving Maid is crying on the day she met her husband Niulang or the Cowherd on the Milky Way Most Chinese remember being told this romantic tragedy when they were children on Qixi or the Seventh Night Festival which falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month which is usually in early August This year it falls on Saturday August 2 Folklore Story As the story goes once there was a cowherd Niulang who lived with his elder brother and sisterinlaw But she disliked and abused him and the boy was forced to leave home with only an old cow for company The cow however was a former god who had violated imperial rules and was sent to earth in bovine form One day the cow led Niulang to a lake where fairies took a bath on earth Among them was Zhinu the most beautiful fairy and a skilled seamstress The two fell in love at first sight and were soon married They had a son and daughter and their happy life was held up as an example for hundreds of years in China Yet in the eyes of the Jade Emperor the Supreme Deity in Taoism marriage between a mortal and fairy was strictly forbidden He ordered the heaven troop to catch Zhinu back Niulang grew desperate when he discovered Zhinu had been taken back to heaven Driven by Niulang＇s misery the cow told him to turn its hide into a pair of shoes after it died The magic shoes whisked Niulang who carried his two children in baskets strung from a shoulder pole off on a chase after the empress The pursuit enraged the empress who took her hairpin and slashed it across the sky creating the Milky Way which separated husband from wife But all was not lost as magpies moved by their love and devotion formed a bridge across the Milky Way to reunite the family Even the Jade Emperor was touched and allowed Niulang and Zhinu to meet once a year on the seventh night of the seventh month This is how Qixi came to be The festival can be traced back to the Han Dynasty (206 BCAD 220) Traditionally people would look up at the sky and find a bright star in the constellation Aquila as well as the star Vega which are identified as Niulang and Zhinu The two stars shine on opposite sides of the Milky Way Customs In bygone days Qixi was not only a special day for lovers but also for girls It is also known as the Begging for Skills Festival or Daughters＇ Festival In this day girls will throw a sewing needle into a bowl full of water on the night of Qixi as a test of embroidery skills If the needle floats on top of the water instead of sinking it proves the girl is a skilled embroiders Single women also pray for finding a good husband in the future And the newly married women pray to become pregnant quickly Tradition transformed The love story of Niulang and Zhinu and the Qixi Festival have been handed down for generations Yet these ancient traditions and customs are slowly dying out Many modern Chinese particularly youngsters seem to know more about St Valentine＇s Day on February 14 characterized by bouquets of roses chocolates and romantic candlelight dinners than they do about their homegrown day for lovers Even Qixi is nowadays referred to as the Chinese Valentine＇s Day More and more young Chinese people begin to celebrate this day in a very similar way as that in western countries Fewer people than ever will gaze at the heavens on Saturday to pick out the two stars shining bright on either side of the Milky Way that is if people even know on which day Qixi falls There are ready reminders dotted about in the form of big ads saying Sales on Chinese Valentine＇s Day in shops hotels and restaurants But few young women will mark the festival with their boyfriends or take part in traditional activities to pray for cleverness A largescale of exhibition on the Silk Road opened to the public in the National Museum on Thursday The exhibition displays more than 400 treasures from Shaanxi province Gansu province and 14 other regions It is largest scale exhibition that shows the history of the Silk Road in recent years As APEC is going on in Beijing the exhibit aims to show the world this brilliant section of history The Silk Road is a series of trade and cultural transmission routes that were central to cultural interaction through regions of the Asian continent It connected the West and East by linking traders merchants pilgrims monks soldiers nomads and urban dwellers from China and India to the Mediterranean Sea during various periods of time I met my dear hubby in 2009 the second year I was in my school and it was the first year when he came here We became colleagues And there was nothing special happening during that year He was just a kind and humble brother graduated from the same college as me But we did not know each other till he became my colleague and his office desk was just in front of me There was only a glass between us So actually we could see each other when we both look up But it is not the main reason that really draws us close How we become close to each other was something seems quite natural We went out to play badminton with other colleagues and we sometimes chatted for a while He is a man of few words but somehow sometimes will say something really humorous Then one day to my great surprise I found a pot of beautiful flower on my desk It was just the flower I had talked about with my colleague the other day and I thought it was her who put the flower there But the truth is not It was the humble guy sitting in front of me He just simply said well I caught sight of this flower and thought that it’s beautiful and you may like it I wonder why I was moved because of these simple words and present Maybe it is the sincerity and the true self that impress me I thanked him and some colleagues walked past my desk would appreciate the beautiful flower and they noticed that something romance happened there Then later on there were some little surprises once in a while Once there was something wrong with my drawer and I had complained about it unconsciously And he fixed it for me Then the other day he placed several pink diamond roses beside the flower with a piece of paper saying I love you more than I can say Diamond stands for marriage rose stand for love I hope you are mine become my wife You are the only girl who I really want to spend the rest of my life to stand by Although there were some grammar errors but I got what he meant He meant so clear and so direct And actually I accepted him some days earlier I was just waiting for him to break the ice So finally the common interests and the common understanding brought us together Some people say the relationship and the feeling will change after getting hitched You will find that love is no longer strong and there is always lack of passion and what’s worse you may find out many bad habits of your partner which never appear when you are first in love before the marriage It seems that many faults turn up after you truly living together and see each other’s face the moment you open your eyes in the early morning But after almost 4 years from now I do not feel any negative change in our relationship During all these years we know each other better and we become more tolerant about each other and I realize that if you really love a person you will accept his imperfect And what is the qualification of a good husband Once I was chatting with my colleague about this issue And one of the qualifications I thought was that he must be a good cook But to my surprise my colleague said that a good husband must be someone who makes big money What made her think so was quite beyond me Maybe I am not sophisticated enough and what I want is just simple life style The most enjoyable thing is that we go to the market to buy vegetables and other daily stuffs if we both have time Maybe he is a housebound husband and I love housebound man And there is another reason why We love going to the market That is because we sometimes will get some surprises The surprise is saving little fish which are disserted by the fish mongers Because these fish are swellfish Then we will collect them and set them free into the river Swellfish are lovely creature When they look like a little submarine when they are swimming in the water and look like a meat ball when you hold them in your hand And if they are scared they will swell and look like a little ball Every time we see them swim away and we feel their happiness of returning home and this also make us cherish life Maybe some will consider these behavior as something childish Well that is fine with us We love doing these together and feel happy that is what it is all about My dear hubby is a kind hearted man and he love animals just as I do I am lucky to have someone who can be both my intimated soul mate and my forever friend
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