2000年全国考研英语真题
Section I Structure and Vocabulary
Part A
Directions
Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked [A] [B] [C] and [D] Choose the one that best completes the sentence Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil (5 points)
Example
I have been to the Great Wall three times ________ 1979
[A] from
[B] after
[C] for
[D] since
The sentence should read I have been to the Great Wall three times since 1979 Therefore you should choose [D]
Sample Answer
[A] [B] [C] [■]
1 As I’ll be away for at least a year I’d appreciate ________ from you now and then telling me how everyone is getting along
[A] hearing
[B] to hear
[C] to be hearing（A）
[D] having heard
2 Greatly agitated I rushed to the apartment and tried the door ________ to find it locked
[A] just
[B] only
[C] hence（B）
[D] thus
3 Doctors see a connection between increase amounts of leisure time spent ________ and the increased number of cases of skin cancer
[A] to sunbathe
[B] to have sunbathed
[C] having sunbathed（D）
[D] sunbathing
4 Unless you sign a contract with the insurance company for your goods you are not entitled ________ a repayment for the goods damaged in delivery
[A] to
[B] with
[C] for（A）
[D] on
5 On a rainy day I was driving north through Vermont ________ I noticed a young man holding up a sign reading Boston
[A] which
[B] where
[C] when（C）
[D] that
6 Christie stared angrily at her boss and turned away as though ________ out of the office
[A] went
[B] gone
[C] to go（C）
[D] would go
7 The roles expected ________ old people in such a setting give too few psychological satisfactions for normal happiness
[A] of
[B] on
[C] to（A）
[D] with
8 Talk to anyone in the drug industry ________ you’ll soon discover that the science of genetics is the biggest thing to hit drug research since penicillin was discovered
[A] or
[B] and
[C] for（B）
[D] so
9 It wasn’t so much that I disliked her ________ that I just wasn’t interested in the whole business
[A] rather
[B] so
[C] than（D）
[D] as
10 Countless divorced politicians would have been elected out of office years ago had they even thought of a divorce let alone ________ one
[A] getting
[B] to get
[C] gotten（C）
[D] get
Part B
Directions
Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked [A] [B] [C] and [D] Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil (5 points)
Example
A number of [A] foreign visitors were taken [B] to the industrial exhibition which [C] they saw [D] many new products
Answer [C] is wrong The sentence should read A number of foreign visitors were taken to the industrial exhibition where they saw many new products So you should choose [C]
Sample Answer
[A] [B] [■] [D]
11 on a remote island little work them the soldiers suffered from boredom and low （A）
12 If the letter on the writing table an hour ago it certain there now（D）
13 The party could even lose majority in the lower house of parliament a period of （C）
14 The mechanisms work in the tendency for such physical activity utilize the harmful constituents of the stress response（D）
15 the long run however this hurry fulltime staff may be harmful to industry as it is the workforce（C）
16 See to that you include the examination paper questions they didn’t know last time（D）
17 Most newspapers the major part of space to recent events usually manage to find on the inside pages for articles some interesting topics（B）
18 One sign you are making progress in an such as painting or photography is you begin to realize how much to learn（A）
19 The ideal listener stays both the music at the moment it is played and it almost the composer at the moment he （B）
20 exposure to stress has been linked to functioning of the immune system a person more liable infection（D）
Part C
Directions
Beneath each of the following sentences there four choices marked [A] [B] [C] and [D] Choose the one that best completes the sentence Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil (10 points)
Example
The lost car of the Lees was found ________ in the woods off the highway
[A] vanished
[B] scattered
[C] abandoned
[D] rejected
The sentence should read The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in the woods off the highway Therefore you should choose [C]
Sample Answer
[A] [B] [■][D]
21 He spoke so ________ that even his opponents were won over by his arguments
[A] bluntly
[B] convincingly
[C] emphatically（B）
[D] determinedly
22 France’s ________ of nuclear testing in the South Pacific last month triggered political debates and mass demonstrations
[A] assumption
[B] consumption
[C] presumption（D）
[D] resumption
23 The 215page manuscript circulated to publishers last October ________ an outburst of interest
[A] flared
[B] glittered
[C] sparked（C）
[D] flashed
24 His efforts to bring about a reconciliation between the two Parties ________
[A] came off
[B] came on
[C] came round（A）
[D] came down
25 The system was redesigned to embrace the network and eventually ________ it in a profitable direction
[A] adapt
[B] control
[C] install（D）
[D] steer
26 The capital intended to broaden the export base and ________ efficiency gains from international trade was channeled instead into uneconomic import substitution
[A] secure
[B] extend
[C] defend（A）
[D] possess
27 It is announced that a wallet has been found and can be ________ at the manager’s office
[A] declared
[B] obtained
[C] reclaimed（C）
[D] recognized
28 When I ________ my senses I found myself wrapped up in bed in my little room with Grandma bending over me
[A] woke up
[B] took to
[C] picked up（D）
[D] came to
29 The American society is ________ an exceedingly shaky foundation of natural resources which is connected with the possibility of a worsening environment
[A] established on
[B] affiliated to
[C] originated from（A）
[D] incorporated with
30 I am not ________ with my roommate but I have to share the room with her because I have nowhere else to live
[A] concerned
[B] compatible
[C] considerate（B）
[D] complied
31 At first the ________ of color pictures over a long distance seemed impossible but with painstaking efforts and at great expense it became a reality
[A] transaction
[B] transmission
[C] transformation（B）
[D] transition
32 When the committee ________ to details the proposed plan seemed impractical
[A] got down
[B] set about
[C] went off（A）
[D] came up
33 ________ to some parts of South America is still difficult because parts of the continent are still covered with thick forests
[A] Orientation
[B] Access
[C] Procession（B）
[D] Voyage
34 Mr Smith had an unusual ________ he was first an office clerk then a sailor and ended up as a school teacher
[A] profession
[B] occupation
[C] position（D）
[D] career
35 The mayor is a woman with great ________ and therefore deserves our political and financial support
[A] intention
[B] instinct
[C] integrity（C）
[D] intensity
36 The English weather defies forecast and hence is a source of interest ________ to everyone
[A] speculation
[B] attribution
[C] utilization（A）
[D] proposition
37 The fact that the golden eagle usually builds its nest on some high cliffs ________ it almost impossible to obtain the eggs or the young birds
[A] renders
[B] reckons
[C] regards（A）
[D] relates
38 To impress a future employer one should dress neatly be ________ and display interest in the job
[A] swift
[B] instant
[C] timely（D）
[D] punctual
39 You don’t have to install this radio in your new car it’s an ________ extra
[A] excessive
[B] optional
[C] additional（B）
[D] arbitrary
40 We were pleased to note that the early morning delivery didn’t ________ to the traffic jam of the busy city
[A] aid
[B] amount
[C] add（C）
[D] attribute
Section II Cloze Test
Directions
For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices marked [A] [B] [C] and [D] Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil (10 points)
If a farmer wishes to succeed he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production He must store a large quantity of grain consuming all his grain immediately He can continue to support himself and his family he produces a surplus He must use this surplus in three ways as seed for sowing as an insurance the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to the soil He may also need money to construct irrigation and improve his farm in other ways If no surplus is available a farmer cannot be He must either sell some of his property or extra funds in the form of loans Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low of interest but loans of this kind are not obtainable
41 [A] other than
[B] as well as
[C] instead of（C）
[D] more than
42 [A] only if
[B] much as
[C] long before（A）
[D] ever since
43 [A] for
[B] against
[C] of（B）
[D] towards
44 [A] replace
[B] purchase
[C] supplement（A）
[D] dispose
45 [A] enhance
[B] mix
[C] feed（C）
[D] raise
46 [A] vessels
[B] routes
[C] paths（D）
[D] channels
47 [A] selfconfident
[B] selfsufficient
[C] selfsatisfied（B）
[D] selfrestrained
48 [A] search
[B] save
[C] offer（D）
[D] seek
49 [A] proportion
[B] percentage
[C] rate（C）
[D] ratio
50 [A] genuinely
[B] obviously
[C] presumably（D）
[D] frequently
Section III Reading Comprehension
Directions
Each of the passages below is followed by some questions For each question there are four answers marked [A] [B] [C] and [D] Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil (40 points)
Text 1
A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap but if properly handled it may become a driving force When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War it had a market eight times larger than any competitor giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale Its scientists were the world’s best its workers the most skilled America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed
It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer Just as inevitably the retreat from predominance proved painful By the mid1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness Some huge American industries such as consumer electronics had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition By 1987 there was only one American television maker left Zenith (Now there is none Zenith was bought by South Korea’s LG Electronics in July) Foreignmade cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market America’s machinetool industry was on the ropes For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age was going to be the next casualty
All of this caused a crisis of confidence Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well The mid1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America’s industrial decline Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas
How things have changed In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle Selfdoubt has yielded to blind pride American industry has changed its structure has gone on a diet has learnt to be more quickwitted according to Richard Cavanagh executive dean of Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute a thinktank in Washington DC And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as a golden age of business management in the United States
51 The US achieved its predominance after World War II because ________
[A] it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal
[B] its domestic market was eight times larger than before
[C] the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors（C）
[D] the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy
52 The loss of US predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American ________
[A] TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market
[B] semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises
[C] machinetool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions（D）
[D] auto industry had lost part of its domestic market
53 What can be inferred from the passage
[A] It is human nature to shift between selfdoubt and blind pride
[B] Intense competition may contribute to economic progress
[C] The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation（B）
[D] A long history of success may pave the way for further development
54 The author seems to believe the revival of the US economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the ________
[A] turning of the business cycle
[B] restructuring of industry
[C] improved business management（A）
[D] success in education
Text 2
Being a man has always been dangerous There are about 105 males born for every 100 females but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity and among 70yearolds there are twice as many women as men But the great universal of male mortality is being changed Now boy babies survive almost as well as girls do This means that for the first time there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate More important another chance for natural selection has been removed Fifty years ago the chance of a baby (particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death Today it makes almost no difference Since much of the variation is due to genes one more agent of evolution has gone
There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide stay alive but have fewer children Few people are as fertile as in the past Except in some religious communities very few women have 15 children Nowadays the number of births like the age of death has become average Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring Again differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished India shows what is happening The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples The grand mediocrity of today everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring means that natural selection has lost 80 of its power in uppermiddleclass India compared to the tribes
For us this means that evolution is over the biological Utopia has arrived Strangely it has involved little physical change No other species fills so many places in nature But in the pass 100000 years even the pass 100 years our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not We did not evolve because machines and society did it for us Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution they look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship as at something wholly beyond his comprehension No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from
Utopia we were they will look just like us
55 What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph
[A] A lack of mates
[B] A fierce competition
[C] A lower survival rate（C）
[D] A defective gene
56 What does the example of India illustrate
[A] Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people
[B] Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor
[C] The middle class population is 80 smaller than that of the tribes（B）
[D] India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate
57 The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because ________
[A] life has been improved by technological advance
[B] the number of female babies has been declining
[C] our species has reached the highest stage of evolution（A）
[D] the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing
58 Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
[A] Sex Ratio Changes in Human Evolution
[B] Ways of Continuing Man’s Evolution
[C] The Evolutionary Future of Nature（D）
[D] Human Evolution Going Nowhere
Text 3
When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at for however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal With regard to Futurist poetry however the case is rather difficult for whatever Futurist poetry may be even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right it can hardly be classed as Literature
This in brief is what the Futurist says for a century past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed Consequently our feelings thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change This speeding up of life says the Futurist requires a new form of expression We must speed up our literature too if we want to interpret modern stress We must pour out a large stream of essential words unhampered by stops or qualifying adjectives or finite verbs Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page and shorten or lengthen words at will
Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers Pluff Pluff A hundred and eightyfive kilograms
This though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry can hardly be classed as Literature All the same no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression The whole question is really this have we essentially changed
59 This passage is mainly ________
[A] a survey of new approaches to art
[B] a review of Futurist poetry
[C] about merits of the Futurist movement（B）
[D] about laws and requirements of literature
60 When a novel literary idea appears people should try to ________
[A] determine its purposes
[B] ignore its flaws
[C] follow the new fashions（A）
[D] accept the principles
61 Futurists claim that we must ________
[A] increase the production of literature
[B] use poetry to relieve modern stress
[C] develop new modes of expression（C）
[D] avoid using adjectives and verbs
62 The author believes that Futurist poetry is ________
[A] based on reasonable principles
[B] new and acceptable to ordinary people
[C] indicative of basic change in human nature（D）
[D] more of a transient phenomenon than literature
Text 4
Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional workmoral values Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs and young people don’t know where they should go next
The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the maledominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan’s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs In a recent survey it was found that only 245 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life compared with 672 percent of students in the United States In addition far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed
While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and selfexpression Those things that do not show up in the test scores personality ability courage or humanity are completely ignored says Toshiki Kaifu chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party’s education committee Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild Last year Japan experienced 2125 incidents of school violence including 929 assaults on teachers Amid the outcry many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education Last year Mitsuo Setoyama who was then education minister raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the Japanese morality of respect for parents
But that may have more to do with Japanese lifestyles In Japan says educator Yoko Muro it’s never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life but only how much you can endure With economic growth has come centralization fully 76 percent of Japan’s 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated twogeneration households Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes (travels to and from work) and crowded living conditions but as the old group and family values weaken the discomfort is beginning to tell In the past decade the Japanese divorce rate while still well below that of the United States has increased by more than 50 percent and suicides have increased by nearly onequarter
63 In the Westerner’s eyes the postwar Japan was ________
[A] under aimless development
[B] a positive example
[C] a rival to the West（B）
[D] on the decline
64 According to the author what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society
[A] Women’s participation in social activities is limited
[B] More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs
[C] Excessive emphasis has been placed on the basics（D）
[D] The lifestyle has been influenced by Western values
65 Which of the following is true according to the author
[A] Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladder
[B] Japanese education is characterized by mechanical learning as well as creativity
[C] More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity（C）
[D] Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking
66 The change in Japanese lifestyle is revealed in the fact that ________
[A] the young are less tolerant of discomforts in life
[B] the divorce rate in Japan exceeds that in the US
[C] the Japanese endure more than ever before（A）
[D] the Japanese appreciate their present life
Text 5
If ambition is to be well regarded the rewards of ambition wealth distinction control over one’s destiny must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition’s behalf If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality it must be widely shared and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired the educated not least among them In an odd way however it is the educated who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents There is heavy note of hypocrisy in this a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped with the educated themselves riding on them
Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly Summer homes European travel BMWs the locations place names and name brands may change but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams as easily and openly as once they could lest they be thought pushing acquisitive and vulgar Instead we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles which now more than ever seem in ample supply the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in threestar restaurants the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life whose own children are enrolled in private schools For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional the proper formulation is Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious
The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles its public defenders are few and unimpressive where they are not extremely unattractive As a result the support for ambition as a healthy impulse a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States This does not mean that ambition is at an end that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings but only that no longer openly honored it is less openly professed Consequences follow from this of course some of which are that ambition is driven underground or made sly Such then is the way things stand on the left angry critics on the right stupid supporters and in the middle as usual the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life
67 It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if ________
[A] its returns well compensate for the sacrifices
[B] it is rewarded with money fame and power
[C] its goals are spiritual rather than material（A）
[D] it is shared by the rich and the famous
68 The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is ________
[A] customary of the educated to discard ambition in words
[B] too late to check ambition once it has been let out
[C] dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal（C）
[D] impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition
69 Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because ________
[A] they think of it as immoral
[B] their pursuits are not fame or wealth
[C] ambition is not closely related to material benefits（D）
[D] they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible
70 From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained ________
[A] secretly and vigorously
[B] openly and enthusiastically
[C] easily and momentarily（B）
[D] verbally and spiritually
Section IV EnglishChinese Translation
Directions
Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese Your translation must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2 (15 points)
Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community 71) Under modern conditions this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts 72) Furthermore it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage For example they may encourage research in various ways including the setting up of their own research centers they may alter the structure of education or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science economics and industry In any case all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds
73) Owing to the remarkable development in masscommunications people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above At the same time the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past For example 74) in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization with all the farreaching changes in social patterns that followed was spread over nearly a century whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned 75) Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport As a result of all these factors governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect
Section V Writing
76 Directions
[A] Study the following two pictures carefully and write an essay of at least 150 words
[B] Your essay must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2 (15 points)
[C] Your essay should meet the requirements below
1 Describe the pictures
2 Deduce the purpose of the drawer in the pictures
3 Suggest countermeasures
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Section I Structure and Vocabulary
Part A
Directions
Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked [A] [B] [C] and [D] Choose the one that best completes the sentence Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil (5 points)
Example
I have been to the Great Wall three times ________ 1979
[A] from
[B] after
[C] for
[D] since
The sentence should read I have been to the Great Wall three times since 1979 Therefore you should choose [D]
Sample Answer
[A] [B] [C] [■]
1 As I’ll be away for at least a year I’d appreciate ________ from you now and then telling me how everyone is getting along
[A] hearing
[B] to hear
[C] to be hearing（A）
[D] having heard
2 Greatly agitated I rushed to the apartment and tried the door ________ to find it locked
[A] just
[B] only
[C] hence（B）
[D] thus
3 Doctors see a connection between increase amounts of leisure time spent ________ and the increased number of cases of skin cancer
[A] to sunbathe
[B] to have sunbathed
[C] having sunbathed（D）
[D] sunbathing
4 Unless you sign a contract with the insurance company for your goods you are not entitled ________ a repayment for the goods damaged in delivery
[A] to
[B] with
[C] for（A）
[D] on
5 On a rainy day I was driving north through Vermont ________ I noticed a young man holding up a sign reading Boston
[A] which
[B] where
[C] when（C）
[D] that
6 Christie stared angrily at her boss and turned away as though ________ out of the office
[A] went
[B] gone
[C] to go（C）
[D] would go
7 The roles expected ________ old people in such a setting give too few psychological satisfactions for normal happiness
[A] of
[B] on
[C] to（A）
[D] with
8 Talk to anyone in the drug industry ________ you’ll soon discover that the science of genetics is the biggest thing to hit drug research since penicillin was discovered
[A] or
[B] and
[C] for（B）
[D] so
9 It wasn’t so much that I disliked her ________ that I just wasn’t interested in the whole business
[A] rather
[B] so
[C] than（D）
[D] as
10 Countless divorced politicians would have been elected out of office years ago had they even thought of a divorce let alone ________ one
[A] getting
[B] to get
[C] gotten（C）
[D] get
Part B
Directions
Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked [A] [B] [C] and [D] Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil (5 points)
Example
A number of [A] foreign visitors were taken [B] to the industrial exhibition which [C] they saw [D] many new products
Answer [C] is wrong The sentence should read A number of foreign visitors were taken to the industrial exhibition where they saw many new products So you should choose [C]
Sample Answer
[A] [B] [■] [D]
11 on a remote island little work them the soldiers suffered from boredom and low （A）
12 If the letter on the writing table an hour ago it certain there now（D）
13 The party could even lose majority in the lower house of parliament a period of （C）
14 The mechanisms work in the tendency for such physical activity utilize the harmful constituents of the stress response（D）
15 the long run however this hurry fulltime staff may be harmful to industry as it is the workforce（C）
16 See to that you include the examination paper questions they didn’t know last time（D）
17 Most newspapers the major part of space to recent events usually manage to find on the inside pages for articles some interesting topics（B）
18 One sign you are making progress in an such as painting or photography is you begin to realize how much to learn（A）
19 The ideal listener stays both the music at the moment it is played and it almost the composer at the moment he （B）
20 exposure to stress has been linked to functioning of the immune system a person more liable infection（D）
Part C
Directions
Beneath each of the following sentences there four choices marked [A] [B] [C] and [D] Choose the one that best completes the sentence Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil (10 points)
Example
The lost car of the Lees was found ________ in the woods off the highway
[A] vanished
[B] scattered
[C] abandoned
[D] rejected
The sentence should read The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in the woods off the highway Therefore you should choose [C]
Sample Answer
[A] [B] [■][D]
21 He spoke so ________ that even his opponents were won over by his arguments
[A] bluntly
[B] convincingly
[C] emphatically（B）
[D] determinedly
22 France’s ________ of nuclear testing in the South Pacific last month triggered political debates and mass demonstrations
[A] assumption
[B] consumption
[C] presumption（D）
[D] resumption
23 The 215page manuscript circulated to publishers last October ________ an outburst of interest
[A] flared
[B] glittered
[C] sparked（C）
[D] flashed
24 His efforts to bring about a reconciliation between the two Parties ________
[A] came off
[B] came on
[C] came round（A）
[D] came down
25 The system was redesigned to embrace the network and eventually ________ it in a profitable direction
[A] adapt
[B] control
[C] install（D）
[D] steer
26 The capital intended to broaden the export base and ________ efficiency gains from international trade was channeled instead into uneconomic import substitution
[A] secure
[B] extend
[C] defend（A）
[D] possess
27 It is announced that a wallet has been found and can be ________ at the manager’s office
[A] declared
[B] obtained
[C] reclaimed（C）
[D] recognized
28 When I ________ my senses I found myself wrapped up in bed in my little room with Grandma bending over me
[A] woke up
[B] took to
[C] picked up（D）
[D] came to
29 The American society is ________ an exceedingly shaky foundation of natural resources which is connected with the possibility of a worsening environment
[A] established on
[B] affiliated to
[C] originated from（A）
[D] incorporated with
30 I am not ________ with my roommate but I have to share the room with her because I have nowhere else to live
[A] concerned
[B] compatible
[C] considerate（B）
[D] complied
31 At first the ________ of color pictures over a long distance seemed impossible but with painstaking efforts and at great expense it became a reality
[A] transaction
[B] transmission
[C] transformation（B）
[D] transition
32 When the committee ________ to details the proposed plan seemed impractical
[A] got down
[B] set about
[C] went off（A）
[D] came up
33 ________ to some parts of South America is still difficult because parts of the continent are still covered with thick forests
[A] Orientation
[B] Access
[C] Procession（B）
[D] Voyage
34 Mr Smith had an unusual ________ he was first an office clerk then a sailor and ended up as a school teacher
[A] profession
[B] occupation
[C] position（D）
[D] career
35 The mayor is a woman with great ________ and therefore deserves our political and financial support
[A] intention
[B] instinct
[C] integrity（C）
[D] intensity
36 The English weather defies forecast and hence is a source of interest ________ to everyone
[A] speculation
[B] attribution
[C] utilization（A）
[D] proposition
37 The fact that the golden eagle usually builds its nest on some high cliffs ________ it almost impossible to obtain the eggs or the young birds
[A] renders
[B] reckons
[C] regards（A）
[D] relates
38 To impress a future employer one should dress neatly be ________ and display interest in the job
[A] swift
[B] instant
[C] timely（D）
[D] punctual
39 You don’t have to install this radio in your new car it’s an ________ extra
[A] excessive
[B] optional
[C] additional（B）
[D] arbitrary
40 We were pleased to note that the early morning delivery didn’t ________ to the traffic jam of the busy city
[A] aid
[B] amount
[C] add（C）
[D] attribute
Section II Cloze Test
Directions
For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices marked [A] [B] [C] and [D] Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil (10 points)
If a farmer wishes to succeed he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production He must store a large quantity of grain consuming all his grain immediately He can continue to support himself and his family he produces a surplus He must use this surplus in three ways as seed for sowing as an insurance the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to the soil He may also need money to construct irrigation and improve his farm in other ways If no surplus is available a farmer cannot be He must either sell some of his property or extra funds in the form of loans Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low of interest but loans of this kind are not obtainable
41 [A] other than
[B] as well as
[C] instead of（C）
[D] more than
42 [A] only if
[B] much as
[C] long before（A）
[D] ever since
43 [A] for
[B] against
[C] of（B）
[D] towards
44 [A] replace
[B] purchase
[C] supplement（A）
[D] dispose
45 [A] enhance
[B] mix
[C] feed（C）
[D] raise
46 [A] vessels
[B] routes
[C] paths（D）
[D] channels
47 [A] selfconfident
[B] selfsufficient
[C] selfsatisfied（B）
[D] selfrestrained
48 [A] search
[B] save
[C] offer（D）
[D] seek
49 [A] proportion
[B] percentage
[C] rate（C）
[D] ratio
50 [A] genuinely
[B] obviously
[C] presumably（D）
[D] frequently
Section III Reading Comprehension
Directions
Each of the passages below is followed by some questions For each question there are four answers marked [A] [B] [C] and [D] Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil (40 points)
Text 1
A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap but if properly handled it may become a driving force When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War it had a market eight times larger than any competitor giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale Its scientists were the world’s best its workers the most skilled America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed
It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer Just as inevitably the retreat from predominance proved painful By the mid1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness Some huge American industries such as consumer electronics had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition By 1987 there was only one American television maker left Zenith (Now there is none Zenith was bought by South Korea’s LG Electronics in July) Foreignmade cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market America’s machinetool industry was on the ropes For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age was going to be the next casualty
All of this caused a crisis of confidence Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well The mid1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America’s industrial decline Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas
How things have changed In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle Selfdoubt has yielded to blind pride American industry has changed its structure has gone on a diet has learnt to be more quickwitted according to Richard Cavanagh executive dean of Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute a thinktank in Washington DC And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as a golden age of business management in the United States
51 The US achieved its predominance after World War II because ________
[A] it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal
[B] its domestic market was eight times larger than before
[C] the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors（C）
[D] the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy
52 The loss of US predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American ________
[A] TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market
[B] semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises
[C] machinetool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions（D）
[D] auto industry had lost part of its domestic market
53 What can be inferred from the passage
[A] It is human nature to shift between selfdoubt and blind pride
[B] Intense competition may contribute to economic progress
[C] The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation（B）
[D] A long history of success may pave the way for further development
54 The author seems to believe the revival of the US economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the ________
[A] turning of the business cycle
[B] restructuring of industry
[C] improved business management（A）
[D] success in education
Text 2
Being a man has always been dangerous There are about 105 males born for every 100 females but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity and among 70yearolds there are twice as many women as men But the great universal of male mortality is being changed Now boy babies survive almost as well as girls do This means that for the first time there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate More important another chance for natural selection has been removed Fifty years ago the chance of a baby (particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death Today it makes almost no difference Since much of the variation is due to genes one more agent of evolution has gone
There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide stay alive but have fewer children Few people are as fertile as in the past Except in some religious communities very few women have 15 children Nowadays the number of births like the age of death has become average Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring Again differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished India shows what is happening The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples The grand mediocrity of today everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring means that natural selection has lost 80 of its power in uppermiddleclass India compared to the tribes
For us this means that evolution is over the biological Utopia has arrived Strangely it has involved little physical change No other species fills so many places in nature But in the pass 100000 years even the pass 100 years our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not We did not evolve because machines and society did it for us Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution they look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship as at something wholly beyond his comprehension No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from
Utopia we were they will look just like us
55 What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph
[A] A lack of mates
[B] A fierce competition
[C] A lower survival rate（C）
[D] A defective gene
56 What does the example of India illustrate
[A] Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people
[B] Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor
[C] The middle class population is 80 smaller than that of the tribes（B）
[D] India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate
57 The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because ________
[A] life has been improved by technological advance
[B] the number of female babies has been declining
[C] our species has reached the highest stage of evolution（A）
[D] the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing
58 Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
[A] Sex Ratio Changes in Human Evolution
[B] Ways of Continuing Man’s Evolution
[C] The Evolutionary Future of Nature（D）
[D] Human Evolution Going Nowhere
Text 3
When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at for however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal With regard to Futurist poetry however the case is rather difficult for whatever Futurist poetry may be even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right it can hardly be classed as Literature
This in brief is what the Futurist says for a century past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed Consequently our feelings thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change This speeding up of life says the Futurist requires a new form of expression We must speed up our literature too if we want to interpret modern stress We must pour out a large stream of essential words unhampered by stops or qualifying adjectives or finite verbs Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page and shorten or lengthen words at will
Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers Pluff Pluff A hundred and eightyfive kilograms
This though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry can hardly be classed as Literature All the same no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression The whole question is really this have we essentially changed
59 This passage is mainly ________
[A] a survey of new approaches to art
[B] a review of Futurist poetry
[C] about merits of the Futurist movement（B）
[D] about laws and requirements of literature
60 When a novel literary idea appears people should try to ________
[A] determine its purposes
[B] ignore its flaws
[C] follow the new fashions（A）
[D] accept the principles
61 Futurists claim that we must ________
[A] increase the production of literature
[B] use poetry to relieve modern stress
[C] develop new modes of expression（C）
[D] avoid using adjectives and verbs
62 The author believes that Futurist poetry is ________
[A] based on reasonable principles
[B] new and acceptable to ordinary people
[C] indicative of basic change in human nature（D）
[D] more of a transient phenomenon than literature
Text 4
Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional workmoral values Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs and young people don’t know where they should go next
The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the maledominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan’s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs In a recent survey it was found that only 245 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life compared with 672 percent of students in the United States In addition far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed
While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and selfexpression Those things that do not show up in the test scores personality ability courage or humanity are completely ignored says Toshiki Kaifu chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party’s education committee Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild Last year Japan experienced 2125 incidents of school violence including 929 assaults on teachers Amid the outcry many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education Last year Mitsuo Setoyama who was then education minister raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the Japanese morality of respect for parents
But that may have more to do with Japanese lifestyles In Japan says educator Yoko Muro it’s never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life but only how much you can endure With economic growth has come centralization fully 76 percent of Japan’s 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated twogeneration households Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes (travels to and from work) and crowded living conditions but as the old group and family values weaken the discomfort is beginning to tell In the past decade the Japanese divorce rate while still well below that of the United States has increased by more than 50 percent and suicides have increased by nearly onequarter
63 In the Westerner’s eyes the postwar Japan was ________
[A] under aimless development
[B] a positive example
[C] a rival to the West（B）
[D] on the decline
64 According to the author what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society
[A] Women’s participation in social activities is limited
[B] More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs
[C] Excessive emphasis has been placed on the basics（D）
[D] The lifestyle has been influenced by Western values
65 Which of the following is true according to the author
[A] Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladder
[B] Japanese education is characterized by mechanical learning as well as creativity
[C] More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity（C）
[D] Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking
66 The change in Japanese lifestyle is revealed in the fact that ________
[A] the young are less tolerant of discomforts in life
[B] the divorce rate in Japan exceeds that in the US
[C] the Japanese endure more than ever before（A）
[D] the Japanese appreciate their present life
Text 5
If ambition is to be well regarded the rewards of ambition wealth distinction control over one’s destiny must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition’s behalf If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality it must be widely shared and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired the educated not least among them In an odd way however it is the educated who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents There is heavy note of hypocrisy in this a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped with the educated themselves riding on them
Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly Summer homes European travel BMWs the locations place names and name brands may change but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams as easily and openly as once they could lest they be thought pushing acquisitive and vulgar Instead we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles which now more than ever seem in ample supply the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in threestar restaurants the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life whose own children are enrolled in private schools For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional the proper formulation is Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious
The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles its public defenders are few and unimpressive where they are not extremely unattractive As a result the support for ambition as a healthy impulse a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States This does not mean that ambition is at an end that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings but only that no longer openly honored it is less openly professed Consequences follow from this of course some of which are that ambition is driven underground or made sly Such then is the way things stand on the left angry critics on the right stupid supporters and in the middle as usual the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life
67 It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if ________
[A] its returns well compensate for the sacrifices
[B] it is rewarded with money fame and power
[C] its goals are spiritual rather than material（A）
[D] it is shared by the rich and the famous
68 The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is ________
[A] customary of the educated to discard ambition in words
[B] too late to check ambition once it has been let out
[C] dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal（C）
[D] impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition
69 Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because ________
[A] they think of it as immoral
[B] their pursuits are not fame or wealth
[C] ambition is not closely related to material benefits（D）
[D] they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible
70 From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained ________
[A] secretly and vigorously
[B] openly and enthusiastically
[C] easily and momentarily（B）
[D] verbally and spiritually
Section IV EnglishChinese Translation
Directions
Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese Your translation must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2 (15 points)
Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community 71) Under modern conditions this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts 72) Furthermore it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage For example they may encourage research in various ways including the setting up of their own research centers they may alter the structure of education or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science economics and industry In any case all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds
73) Owing to the remarkable development in masscommunications people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above At the same time the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past For example 74) in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization with all the farreaching changes in social patterns that followed was spread over nearly a century whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned 75) Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport As a result of all these factors governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect
Section V Writing
76 Directions
[A] Study the following two pictures carefully and write an essay of at least 150 words
[B] Your essay must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2 (15 points)
[C] Your essay should meet the requirements below
1 Describe the pictures
2 Deduce the purpose of the drawer in the pictures
3 Suggest countermeasures
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