1987年考研英语真题
Section I Structure and Vocabulary
In each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked Put your choice in the brackets on the left (10 points)
EXAMPLE
I was caught ________ the rain yesterday
[A] in
[B] by
[C] with
[D] at
ANSWER [A]
1 The skyscraper stands out ________ the blue sky
[A] in
[B] against
[C] under（B）
[D] beneath
2 They have always been on good ________ with their nextdoor neighbors
[A] friendship
[B] relations
[C] connection（D）
[D] terms
3 Hello Is that 21035 Please put me ________ to the manager
[A] across
[B] up
[C] through（C）
[D] over
4 Why do you look so ________ You never smile or look cheerful
[A] miserable
[B] unfortunate
[C] sorry（A）
[D] rude
5 Eggs though nourishing have ________ of fat content
[A] large number
[B] a large number
[C] the high amount（D）
[D] a high amount
6 Jim always ________ his classmates in a debate
[A] backs out
[B] backs away
[C] backs up（C）
[D] backs down
7 Most of the people who ________ two world wars are strongly against arms race
[A] have lived out
[B] have lived through
[C] have lived on（B）
[D] have lived off
8 There are many inconveniences that have to be ________ when you are camping
[A] put up
[B] put up with
[C] put off（B）
[D] put away
9 Is it true that those old houses are being pulled down ________ new office blocks
[A] to accommodate
[B] to provide for
[C] to increase（D）
[D] to make room for
10 Being in no great hurry ________
[A] we went the long route with scenery
[B] the long scenic route was our preference
[C] we took the long scenic route（C）
[D] our preference was taking the long scenic route
Section II Reading Comprehension
Each of three passages below is followed by five questions For each question there are four answers read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET (15 points)
Text 1
For centuries men dreamed of achieving vertical flight In 400 AD Chinese children played with a fanlike toy that spun upwards and fell back to earth as rotation ceased Leonardo da Vinci conceive the first mechanical apparatus called a Helix which could carry man straight up but was only a design and was never tested
The ancientdream was finally realized in 1940 when a Russian engineer piloted a strange looking craft of steel tubing with a rotating fan on top It rose awkwardly and vertically into the air from a standing start hovered a few feet above the ground went sideways and backwards and then settled back to earth The vehicle was called a helicopter
Imaginations were fired Men dreamed of going to work in their own personal helicopters People anticipate that vertical flight transports would carry millions of passengers as do the airliners of today Such fantastic expectations were not fulfilled
The helicopter has now become an extremely useful machine It excels in military missions carrying troops guns and strategic instruments where other aircraft cannot go Corporations use them as airborne offices many metropolitan areas use them in police work construction and logging companies employ them in various advantageous ways engineers use them for site selection and surveying and oil companies use them as the best way to make offshore and remote work stations accessible to crews and supplies Any urgent mission to a hardtogetto place is a likely task for a helicopter Among their other multitude of used deliver people across town fly to and from airports assist in rescue work and aid in the search for missing or wanted persons
11 People expect that ________
[A] the airliners of today would eventually be replaced by helicopters
[B] helicopters would someday be able to transport large number of people from place to place as airliners are now doing
[C] the imaginations fired by the Russian engineer’s invention would become a reality in the future（B）
[D] their fantastic expectations about helicopters could be fulfilled by airliners of today
12 Helicopters work with the aid of ________
[A] a combination of rotating devices in front and on top
[B] a rotating device topside
[C] one rotating fan in the center of the aircraft and others at each end（B）
[D] a rotating fan underneath for lifting
13 What is said about the development of the helicopter
[A] Helicopters have only been worked on by man since 1940
[B] Chinese children were the first to achieve flight in helicopters
[C] Helicopters were considered more dangerous than the early airplanes（D）
[D] Some people thought they would become widely used by average individuals
14 How has the use of helicopters developed
[A] They have been widely used for various purposes
[B] They are taking the place of highflying jets
[C] They are used for rescue work（A）
[D] They are now used exclusively for commercial projects
15 Under what conditions are helicopters found to be absolutely essential
[A] For overseas passenger transportation
[B] For extremely high altitude flights
[C] For highspeed transportation（D）
[D] For urgent mission to places inaccessible to other kinds of craft
Text 2
In ancient Greece athletic festivals were very important and had strong religious associations The Olympian athletic festival held every four years in honor of Zeus king of the Olympian Gods eventually lost its local character became first a national event and then after the rules against foreign competitors had been abolished international No one knows exactly how far back the Olympic Games go but some official records date from 776 BC The games took place in August on the plain by Mount Olympus Many thousands of spectators gathered from all parts of Greece but no married woman was admitted even as a spectator Slaves women and dishonored persons were not allowed to compete The exact sequence of events uncertain but events included boy’s gymnastics boxing wrestling horse racing and field events though there were fewer sports involved than in the modern Olympic Games
On the last day of the Games all the winners were honored by having a ring of holy olive leaves placed on their heads So great was the honor that the winner of the foot race gave his name to the year of his victory Although Olympic winners received no prize money they were in fact richly rewarded by their state authorities How their results compared with modern standards we unfortunately have no means of telling
After an uninterrupted history of almost 1200 years the Games were suspended by the Romans in 394 AD They continued for such a long time because people believed in the philosophy behind the Olympics the idea that a healthy body produced a healthy mind and that the spirit of competition in sports and games was preferable to the competition that caused wars It was over 1500 years before another such international athletic gathering took place in Athens in 1896
Nowadays the Games are held in different countries in turn The host country provides vast facilities including a stadium swimming pools and living accommodation but competing courtiers pay their own athletes’ expenses
The Olympics start with the arrival in the stadium of a torch lighted on Mount Olympus by the sun’s rays It is carried by a succession of runners to the stadium The torch symbolized the continuation of the ancient Greek athletic ideals and it burns throughout the Games until the closing ceremony The wellknown Olympic flag however is a modern conception the five interlocking rings symbolize the uniting of all five continents participating in the Games
16 In ancient Greece the Olympic Games ________
[A] were merely national athletic festivals
[B] were in the nature of a national event with a strong religious colour
[C] had rules which put foreign participants in a disadvantageous position（B）
[D] were primarily national events with few foreign participants
17 In the early days of ancient Olympic Games ________
[A] only male Greek athletes were allowed to participate in the games
[B] all Greeks irrespective of sex religion or social status were allowed to take part
[C] all Greeks with the exception of women were allowed to compete in Games（A）
[D] all male Greeks were qualified to compete in the Games
18 The order of athletic events at the ancient Olympics ________
[A] has not definitely been established
[B] varied according to the number of foreign competitors
[C] was decided by Zeus in whose honor the Games were held（A）
[D] was considered unimportant
19 Modern athletes’ results cannot be compared with those of ancient runners because ________
[A] the Greeks had no means of recording the results
[B] they are much better
[C] details such as the time were not recorded in the past（C）
[D] they are much worse
20 Nowadays the athletes’ expenses are paid for ________
[A] out of the prize money of the winners
[B] out of the funds raised by the competing nations
[C] by the athletes themselves（B）
[D] by contributions
Text 3
In science the meaning of the word explain suffers with civilization’s every step in search of reality Science cannot really explain electricity magnetism and gravitation their effects can be measured and predicted but of their nature no more is known to the modern scientist than to Thales who first looked into the nature of the electrification of amber a hard yellowishbrown gum Most contemporary physicists reject the notion that man can ever discover what these mysterious forces really are Electricity Bertrand Russell says is not a thing like St Paul’s Cathedral it is a way in which things behave When we have told how things behave when they are electrified and under what circumstances they are electrified we have told all there is to tell Until recently scientists would have disapproved of such an idea Aristotle for example whose natural science dominated Western thought for two thousand years believed that man could arrive at an understanding of reality by reasoning from selfevident principles He felt for example that it is a selfevident principle that everything in the universe has its proper place hence one can deduce that objects fall to the ground because that’s where they belong and smoke goes up because that’s where it belongs The goal of Aristotelian science was to explain why things happen Modern science was born when Galileo began trying to explain how things happen and thus originated the method of controlled experiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation
21 The aim of controlled scientific experiments is ________
[A] to explain why things happen
[B] to explain how things happen
[C] to describe selfevident principles（B）
[D] to support Aristotelian science
22 What principles most influenced scientific thought for two thousand years
[A] the speculations of Thales
[B] the forces of electricity magnetism and gravity
[C] Aristotle’s natural science（C）
[D] Galileo’s discoveries
23 Bertrand Russell’s notion about electricity is ________
[A] disapproved of by most modern scientists
[B] in agreement with Aristotle’s theory of selfevident principles
[C] in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward how things happen（C）
[D] in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward why things happen
24 The passage says that until recently scientists disagreed with the idea ________
[A] that there are mysterious forces in the universe
[B] that man cannot discover what forces really are
[C] that there are selfevident principles（B）
[D] that we can discover why things behave as they do
25 Modern science came into being ________
[A] when the method of controlled experiment was first introduced
[B] when Galileo succeeded in explaining how things happen
[C] when Aristotelian scientist tried to explain why things happen（A）
[D] when scientists were able to acquire an understanding of reality of reasoning
Section III Structure and Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words which best complete the sentence Put your choices in the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)
EXAMPLE
It was the largest experiment we have ever had it ________ six hours
[A] ended
[B] finished
[C] was
[D] lasted
ANSWER [D]
26 As scheduled the communications satellite went into ________ round the earth
[A] circle
[B] orbit
[C] path（B）
[D] course
27 When I saw Jane I stopped and smiled but she ________ me and walked on
[A] refused
[B] ignored
[C] denied（B）
[D] missed
28 It was a good game and at the end the ________ was Argentina 3 West Germany 2
[A] mark
[B] account
[C] record（D）
[D] score
29 George took ________ of the fine weather to do a day’s work in his garden
[A] chance
[B] interest
[C] advantage（C）
[D] charge
30 Is there anyone who ________ the plans put forward by the committee
[A] differs
[B] opposes
[C] disagrees（B）
[D] refuses
31 All too ________ it was time to go back to school after the summer vacation
[A] often
[B] quick
[C] fast（D）
[D] soon
32 In an accident when two cars run into each other they ________
[A] hit
[B] knock
[C] strike（D）
[D] collide
33 The noise was caused by a boy ________ a cat through the garden
[A] catching
[B] fighting
[C] following（D）
[D] chasing
34 He drove fast and arrived an hour ________ of schedule
[A] in advance
[B] ahead
[C] abreast（B）
[D] in front
35 This ticket ________ you to a free meal in our new restaurant
[A] gives
[B] entitles
[C] grants（B）
[D] credits
Section IV Cloze Test
For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labeled [A] [B] [C] and [D] Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET Read the whole passage before making your choice (10 points)
EXAMPLE
For instance the automobile tunnel might ________ huge ventilation problems
[A] make
[B] bring
[C] raise
[D] create
ANSWER [D]
Cheques have replaced money as a means of exchange for they are widely accepted everywhere Though this is very convenient for both buyer and seller it should not be forgotten that cheques are not real money they are quite valueless in themselves A shopkeeper always runs a certain when he accepts a cheques and he is quite his rights if on occasion he refuses to do so
People do not always know this and are shocked if their good faith is called An old and very wealthy friend of mine told me he had an extremely unpleasant experience He went to a famous jewelry shop which keeps a large of precious stones and asked to be shown some pearl necklaces After examining several trays he decided to buy a particularly fine string of pearls and asked if he could pay by Cheques The assistant said that this was quite but the moment my friend signed his name he was invited into the manager’s office
The manager was very polite but he explained that someone with exactly the same name had presented them with a worthless Cheque not long ago My friend got very angry when he heard this and said he would buy a necklace somewhere else When he got up to go the manager told him that the police would arrive at any moment and he had better stay the wanted to get into serious trouble the police arrived soon afterwards They apologized to my friend for the but explained that a person who had used the same name as his was responsible for a number of recent robberies Then the police asked my friend to copy out a note which had been used by the thief in a number of shops The note I have a gun in my pocket Ask no questions and give me all the money in the safe Fortunately my friend’s handwriting was quite unlike the thief’s He was not only allowed to go without further delay but to take the string of pearls with him
36 [A] exactly
[B] really
[C] largely（C）
[D] thoroughly
37 [A] danger
[B] chance
[C] risk（C）
[D] opportunity
38 [A] within
[B] beyond
[C] without（A）
[D] out of
39 [A] in difficulty
[B] in doubt
[C] in earnest（D）
[D] in question
40 [A] amount
[B] stock
[C] number（B）
[D] store
41 [A] in order
[B] in need
[C] in use（A）
[D] in common
42 [A] whether
[B] if
[C] otherwise（D）
[D] unless
43 [A] Really
[B] Sure enough
[C] Certainly（B）
[D] However
44 [A] treatment
[B] manner
[C] inconvenience（C）
[D] behaviour
45 [A] read
[B] told
[C] wrote（A）
[D] informed
Section V Verb Forms
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the verbs given in the brackets Put your answer in the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)
EXAMPLE
It is highly desirable that a new president ________ (appoint) for this college
ANSWER (should) be appointed
46 With all factors ________ (consider) we think this program may excel all the others in achieving the goal（considered）
47 They had been working round the clock for a couple of days ________ (hope) to get the design out before their competitors did（hoping）
48 There’s a general understanding among the members of the Board of Directors that chief attention ________ (give) to the undertaking that is expected to bring in highest profit
（(should) be given）
49 If we don’t start out now we must risk ________ (miss) the train（missing）
50 This test ________ (intend) to reinforce what you have learnt in the past few weeks（is intended）
51 The members of the delegation were glad ________ (stay) longer than originally planned（to have stayed）
52 With full knowledge of his past experience we knew all along that he ________ (succeed)（would succeed）
53 ________ (Know not) what appropriate measures to be taken to cope with the situation he wrote to his lawyer for advice（Not knowing）
54 It’s no good ________ (write) to him he never answers letters The only thing to do is to go and see him（writing）
55 ________ (Come) what may we’re not going to make any concessions to his unreasonable demands（come）
Section VI Errordetection and Correction
Each question consists of a sentence with four underlined parts (words or phrases) These parts are labeled [A] [B] [C] and [D] Choose the part of the sentence that is incorrect and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET Then without altering the meaning of the sentence write down the correct word or phrase on the line in the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)
EXAMPLE
You’ve to hurry up if you want to buy something hardly
ANSWER [C] anything
56 his response the advertisement Ed replied that he was looking for a fulltime not a one（[D] a parttime）
57 No one who him in the laboratory that William has great capabilities
research（[D] for）
58 Neither of the alternatives that at acceptable the executive committee（[C] was）
59 Airline companies today that all before passengers are admitted the waiting rooms（[B] luggage）
60 Although Alice to the mountains before she loves （[D] visiting them）
61 An important function of the World Health Organization is to the and living conditions for the sick （[B] health）
62 The element carbon is in in many forms including both diamonds coal（[D] and）
63 Bizet knew the piano well and he grew older he wrote operas the most famous is Carmen（[B] how to play）
64 the South Pole is and as the North Pole it than the North Pole（[D] it is colder）
65 conditions from place to place and from season to season but a certain can be （[D] identified）
Section VII ChineseEnglish Translation
Translate the following sentences into English (15 points)
66 努力工作应鼓励
67 恳切希早日答复
68 说服灰心丧气
69 件事没出正确结
70 讲英语时发音准否家听懂意思
Section VIII EnglishChinese Translation
Translate the following passage into Chinese Only the underlined sentences are to be translated (20 points)
Have there always been cities (71) Life without large urban areas may seem inconceivable to us but actually cities are relatively recent development Groups with primitive economics still manage without them The trend however is for such groups to disappear while cities are increasingly becoming the dominant mode of man’s social existence (72) Historically city life has always been among the elements which form a civilization Any high degree of human endeavor and achievement has been closely linked to life in an urban environment (73) It is virtually impossible to imagine that universities hospitals large businesses or even science and technology could have come into being without cities to support them To most people cities have traditionally been the areas where there was a concentration of culture as well as of opportunity (74) In recent years however people have begun to become aware that cities are also areas where there is a concentration of problems What has happened to the modern American city Actually the problem is not such a new one Long before this century started there had begun a trend toward the concentration of the poor of the American society into the cities Each great wave of immigration from abroad and from the rural areas made the problem worse During this century there has also been the development of large suburban areas surrounding the cities for the rich prefer to live in these areas Within the cities sections may be sharply divided into high and low rent districts the right side of town and the slums
Of course everyone wants to do something about this unhappy situation But there is no agreement as to goals Neither is there any systematic approach or integrated program Opinions are as diverse as the people who give them (75) But one basic difference of opinion concerns the question of whether or not the city as such is to be preserved Perhaps transportation and the means of communication have really made it possible for there to be an end to the big cities Of course there is the problem of persuading people to move out of them of their own free will (76) And there is also the objection that the city has always been the core from which cultural advancement has radiated Is this however still the case today in the presence of easy transportation and communication Does culture arise as a result of people living together communally or is it too the result of decisions made at the level of government and the communications industry
It is probably true to say that most people prefer to preserve the cities Some think that the cities could be cleaned up or totally rebuilt This is easy to say it would not be so easy to do (77) To be sure a great rebuilding project would give jobs to many of those people who need them Living conditions could not help but improve at least for a while But would the problems return after the rebuilding was completed
Nevertheless with the majority of the people living in urban areas the problem of the cities must be solved (78) From agreement on this general goal we have unfortunately in the past proceeded to disagreement on specific goals and from there to total inaction At the basis of much of this inaction is an oldfashioned concept the idea human conditions will naturally tend to regulate themselves for the general goal
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Section I Structure and Vocabulary
In each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked Put your choice in the brackets on the left (10 points)
EXAMPLE
I was caught ________ the rain yesterday
[A] in
[B] by
[C] with
[D] at
ANSWER [A]
1 The skyscraper stands out ________ the blue sky
[A] in
[B] against
[C] under（B）
[D] beneath
2 They have always been on good ________ with their nextdoor neighbors
[A] friendship
[B] relations
[C] connection（D）
[D] terms
3 Hello Is that 21035 Please put me ________ to the manager
[A] across
[B] up
[C] through（C）
[D] over
4 Why do you look so ________ You never smile or look cheerful
[A] miserable
[B] unfortunate
[C] sorry（A）
[D] rude
5 Eggs though nourishing have ________ of fat content
[A] large number
[B] a large number
[C] the high amount（D）
[D] a high amount
6 Jim always ________ his classmates in a debate
[A] backs out
[B] backs away
[C] backs up（C）
[D] backs down
7 Most of the people who ________ two world wars are strongly against arms race
[A] have lived out
[B] have lived through
[C] have lived on（B）
[D] have lived off
8 There are many inconveniences that have to be ________ when you are camping
[A] put up
[B] put up with
[C] put off（B）
[D] put away
9 Is it true that those old houses are being pulled down ________ new office blocks
[A] to accommodate
[B] to provide for
[C] to increase（D）
[D] to make room for
10 Being in no great hurry ________
[A] we went the long route with scenery
[B] the long scenic route was our preference
[C] we took the long scenic route（C）
[D] our preference was taking the long scenic route
Section II Reading Comprehension
Each of three passages below is followed by five questions For each question there are four answers read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET (15 points)
Text 1
For centuries men dreamed of achieving vertical flight In 400 AD Chinese children played with a fanlike toy that spun upwards and fell back to earth as rotation ceased Leonardo da Vinci conceive the first mechanical apparatus called a Helix which could carry man straight up but was only a design and was never tested
The ancientdream was finally realized in 1940 when a Russian engineer piloted a strange looking craft of steel tubing with a rotating fan on top It rose awkwardly and vertically into the air from a standing start hovered a few feet above the ground went sideways and backwards and then settled back to earth The vehicle was called a helicopter
Imaginations were fired Men dreamed of going to work in their own personal helicopters People anticipate that vertical flight transports would carry millions of passengers as do the airliners of today Such fantastic expectations were not fulfilled
The helicopter has now become an extremely useful machine It excels in military missions carrying troops guns and strategic instruments where other aircraft cannot go Corporations use them as airborne offices many metropolitan areas use them in police work construction and logging companies employ them in various advantageous ways engineers use them for site selection and surveying and oil companies use them as the best way to make offshore and remote work stations accessible to crews and supplies Any urgent mission to a hardtogetto place is a likely task for a helicopter Among their other multitude of used deliver people across town fly to and from airports assist in rescue work and aid in the search for missing or wanted persons
11 People expect that ________
[A] the airliners of today would eventually be replaced by helicopters
[B] helicopters would someday be able to transport large number of people from place to place as airliners are now doing
[C] the imaginations fired by the Russian engineer’s invention would become a reality in the future（B）
[D] their fantastic expectations about helicopters could be fulfilled by airliners of today
12 Helicopters work with the aid of ________
[A] a combination of rotating devices in front and on top
[B] a rotating device topside
[C] one rotating fan in the center of the aircraft and others at each end（B）
[D] a rotating fan underneath for lifting
13 What is said about the development of the helicopter
[A] Helicopters have only been worked on by man since 1940
[B] Chinese children were the first to achieve flight in helicopters
[C] Helicopters were considered more dangerous than the early airplanes（D）
[D] Some people thought they would become widely used by average individuals
14 How has the use of helicopters developed
[A] They have been widely used for various purposes
[B] They are taking the place of highflying jets
[C] They are used for rescue work（A）
[D] They are now used exclusively for commercial projects
15 Under what conditions are helicopters found to be absolutely essential
[A] For overseas passenger transportation
[B] For extremely high altitude flights
[C] For highspeed transportation（D）
[D] For urgent mission to places inaccessible to other kinds of craft
Text 2
In ancient Greece athletic festivals were very important and had strong religious associations The Olympian athletic festival held every four years in honor of Zeus king of the Olympian Gods eventually lost its local character became first a national event and then after the rules against foreign competitors had been abolished international No one knows exactly how far back the Olympic Games go but some official records date from 776 BC The games took place in August on the plain by Mount Olympus Many thousands of spectators gathered from all parts of Greece but no married woman was admitted even as a spectator Slaves women and dishonored persons were not allowed to compete The exact sequence of events uncertain but events included boy’s gymnastics boxing wrestling horse racing and field events though there were fewer sports involved than in the modern Olympic Games
On the last day of the Games all the winners were honored by having a ring of holy olive leaves placed on their heads So great was the honor that the winner of the foot race gave his name to the year of his victory Although Olympic winners received no prize money they were in fact richly rewarded by their state authorities How their results compared with modern standards we unfortunately have no means of telling
After an uninterrupted history of almost 1200 years the Games were suspended by the Romans in 394 AD They continued for such a long time because people believed in the philosophy behind the Olympics the idea that a healthy body produced a healthy mind and that the spirit of competition in sports and games was preferable to the competition that caused wars It was over 1500 years before another such international athletic gathering took place in Athens in 1896
Nowadays the Games are held in different countries in turn The host country provides vast facilities including a stadium swimming pools and living accommodation but competing courtiers pay their own athletes’ expenses
The Olympics start with the arrival in the stadium of a torch lighted on Mount Olympus by the sun’s rays It is carried by a succession of runners to the stadium The torch symbolized the continuation of the ancient Greek athletic ideals and it burns throughout the Games until the closing ceremony The wellknown Olympic flag however is a modern conception the five interlocking rings symbolize the uniting of all five continents participating in the Games
16 In ancient Greece the Olympic Games ________
[A] were merely national athletic festivals
[B] were in the nature of a national event with a strong religious colour
[C] had rules which put foreign participants in a disadvantageous position（B）
[D] were primarily national events with few foreign participants
17 In the early days of ancient Olympic Games ________
[A] only male Greek athletes were allowed to participate in the games
[B] all Greeks irrespective of sex religion or social status were allowed to take part
[C] all Greeks with the exception of women were allowed to compete in Games（A）
[D] all male Greeks were qualified to compete in the Games
18 The order of athletic events at the ancient Olympics ________
[A] has not definitely been established
[B] varied according to the number of foreign competitors
[C] was decided by Zeus in whose honor the Games were held（A）
[D] was considered unimportant
19 Modern athletes’ results cannot be compared with those of ancient runners because ________
[A] the Greeks had no means of recording the results
[B] they are much better
[C] details such as the time were not recorded in the past（C）
[D] they are much worse
20 Nowadays the athletes’ expenses are paid for ________
[A] out of the prize money of the winners
[B] out of the funds raised by the competing nations
[C] by the athletes themselves（B）
[D] by contributions
Text 3
In science the meaning of the word explain suffers with civilization’s every step in search of reality Science cannot really explain electricity magnetism and gravitation their effects can be measured and predicted but of their nature no more is known to the modern scientist than to Thales who first looked into the nature of the electrification of amber a hard yellowishbrown gum Most contemporary physicists reject the notion that man can ever discover what these mysterious forces really are Electricity Bertrand Russell says is not a thing like St Paul’s Cathedral it is a way in which things behave When we have told how things behave when they are electrified and under what circumstances they are electrified we have told all there is to tell Until recently scientists would have disapproved of such an idea Aristotle for example whose natural science dominated Western thought for two thousand years believed that man could arrive at an understanding of reality by reasoning from selfevident principles He felt for example that it is a selfevident principle that everything in the universe has its proper place hence one can deduce that objects fall to the ground because that’s where they belong and smoke goes up because that’s where it belongs The goal of Aristotelian science was to explain why things happen Modern science was born when Galileo began trying to explain how things happen and thus originated the method of controlled experiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation
21 The aim of controlled scientific experiments is ________
[A] to explain why things happen
[B] to explain how things happen
[C] to describe selfevident principles（B）
[D] to support Aristotelian science
22 What principles most influenced scientific thought for two thousand years
[A] the speculations of Thales
[B] the forces of electricity magnetism and gravity
[C] Aristotle’s natural science（C）
[D] Galileo’s discoveries
23 Bertrand Russell’s notion about electricity is ________
[A] disapproved of by most modern scientists
[B] in agreement with Aristotle’s theory of selfevident principles
[C] in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward how things happen（C）
[D] in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward why things happen
24 The passage says that until recently scientists disagreed with the idea ________
[A] that there are mysterious forces in the universe
[B] that man cannot discover what forces really are
[C] that there are selfevident principles（B）
[D] that we can discover why things behave as they do
25 Modern science came into being ________
[A] when the method of controlled experiment was first introduced
[B] when Galileo succeeded in explaining how things happen
[C] when Aristotelian scientist tried to explain why things happen（A）
[D] when scientists were able to acquire an understanding of reality of reasoning
Section III Structure and Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words which best complete the sentence Put your choices in the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)
EXAMPLE
It was the largest experiment we have ever had it ________ six hours
[A] ended
[B] finished
[C] was
[D] lasted
ANSWER [D]
26 As scheduled the communications satellite went into ________ round the earth
[A] circle
[B] orbit
[C] path（B）
[D] course
27 When I saw Jane I stopped and smiled but she ________ me and walked on
[A] refused
[B] ignored
[C] denied（B）
[D] missed
28 It was a good game and at the end the ________ was Argentina 3 West Germany 2
[A] mark
[B] account
[C] record（D）
[D] score
29 George took ________ of the fine weather to do a day’s work in his garden
[A] chance
[B] interest
[C] advantage（C）
[D] charge
30 Is there anyone who ________ the plans put forward by the committee
[A] differs
[B] opposes
[C] disagrees（B）
[D] refuses
31 All too ________ it was time to go back to school after the summer vacation
[A] often
[B] quick
[C] fast（D）
[D] soon
32 In an accident when two cars run into each other they ________
[A] hit
[B] knock
[C] strike（D）
[D] collide
33 The noise was caused by a boy ________ a cat through the garden
[A] catching
[B] fighting
[C] following（D）
[D] chasing
34 He drove fast and arrived an hour ________ of schedule
[A] in advance
[B] ahead
[C] abreast（B）
[D] in front
35 This ticket ________ you to a free meal in our new restaurant
[A] gives
[B] entitles
[C] grants（B）
[D] credits
Section IV Cloze Test
For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labeled [A] [B] [C] and [D] Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET Read the whole passage before making your choice (10 points)
EXAMPLE
For instance the automobile tunnel might ________ huge ventilation problems
[A] make
[B] bring
[C] raise
[D] create
ANSWER [D]
Cheques have replaced money as a means of exchange for they are widely accepted everywhere Though this is very convenient for both buyer and seller it should not be forgotten that cheques are not real money they are quite valueless in themselves A shopkeeper always runs a certain when he accepts a cheques and he is quite his rights if on occasion he refuses to do so
People do not always know this and are shocked if their good faith is called An old and very wealthy friend of mine told me he had an extremely unpleasant experience He went to a famous jewelry shop which keeps a large of precious stones and asked to be shown some pearl necklaces After examining several trays he decided to buy a particularly fine string of pearls and asked if he could pay by Cheques The assistant said that this was quite but the moment my friend signed his name he was invited into the manager’s office
The manager was very polite but he explained that someone with exactly the same name had presented them with a worthless Cheque not long ago My friend got very angry when he heard this and said he would buy a necklace somewhere else When he got up to go the manager told him that the police would arrive at any moment and he had better stay the wanted to get into serious trouble the police arrived soon afterwards They apologized to my friend for the but explained that a person who had used the same name as his was responsible for a number of recent robberies Then the police asked my friend to copy out a note which had been used by the thief in a number of shops The note I have a gun in my pocket Ask no questions and give me all the money in the safe Fortunately my friend’s handwriting was quite unlike the thief’s He was not only allowed to go without further delay but to take the string of pearls with him
36 [A] exactly
[B] really
[C] largely（C）
[D] thoroughly
37 [A] danger
[B] chance
[C] risk（C）
[D] opportunity
38 [A] within
[B] beyond
[C] without（A）
[D] out of
39 [A] in difficulty
[B] in doubt
[C] in earnest（D）
[D] in question
40 [A] amount
[B] stock
[C] number（B）
[D] store
41 [A] in order
[B] in need
[C] in use（A）
[D] in common
42 [A] whether
[B] if
[C] otherwise（D）
[D] unless
43 [A] Really
[B] Sure enough
[C] Certainly（B）
[D] However
44 [A] treatment
[B] manner
[C] inconvenience（C）
[D] behaviour
45 [A] read
[B] told
[C] wrote（A）
[D] informed
Section V Verb Forms
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the verbs given in the brackets Put your answer in the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)
EXAMPLE
It is highly desirable that a new president ________ (appoint) for this college
ANSWER (should) be appointed
46 With all factors ________ (consider) we think this program may excel all the others in achieving the goal（considered）
47 They had been working round the clock for a couple of days ________ (hope) to get the design out before their competitors did（hoping）
48 There’s a general understanding among the members of the Board of Directors that chief attention ________ (give) to the undertaking that is expected to bring in highest profit
（(should) be given）
49 If we don’t start out now we must risk ________ (miss) the train（missing）
50 This test ________ (intend) to reinforce what you have learnt in the past few weeks（is intended）
51 The members of the delegation were glad ________ (stay) longer than originally planned（to have stayed）
52 With full knowledge of his past experience we knew all along that he ________ (succeed)（would succeed）
53 ________ (Know not) what appropriate measures to be taken to cope with the situation he wrote to his lawyer for advice（Not knowing）
54 It’s no good ________ (write) to him he never answers letters The only thing to do is to go and see him（writing）
55 ________ (Come) what may we’re not going to make any concessions to his unreasonable demands（come）
Section VI Errordetection and Correction
Each question consists of a sentence with four underlined parts (words or phrases) These parts are labeled [A] [B] [C] and [D] Choose the part of the sentence that is incorrect and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET Then without altering the meaning of the sentence write down the correct word or phrase on the line in the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)
EXAMPLE
You’ve to hurry up if you want to buy something hardly
ANSWER [C] anything
56 his response the advertisement Ed replied that he was looking for a fulltime not a one（[D] a parttime）
57 No one who him in the laboratory that William has great capabilities
research（[D] for）
58 Neither of the alternatives that at acceptable the executive committee（[C] was）
59 Airline companies today that all before passengers are admitted the waiting rooms（[B] luggage）
60 Although Alice to the mountains before she loves （[D] visiting them）
61 An important function of the World Health Organization is to the and living conditions for the sick （[B] health）
62 The element carbon is in in many forms including both diamonds coal（[D] and）
63 Bizet knew the piano well and he grew older he wrote operas the most famous is Carmen（[B] how to play）
64 the South Pole is and as the North Pole it than the North Pole（[D] it is colder）
65 conditions from place to place and from season to season but a certain can be （[D] identified）
Section VII ChineseEnglish Translation
Translate the following sentences into English (15 points)
66 努力工作应鼓励
67 恳切希早日答复
68 说服灰心丧气
69 件事没出正确结
70 讲英语时发音准否家听懂意思
Section VIII EnglishChinese Translation
Translate the following passage into Chinese Only the underlined sentences are to be translated (20 points)
Have there always been cities (71) Life without large urban areas may seem inconceivable to us but actually cities are relatively recent development Groups with primitive economics still manage without them The trend however is for such groups to disappear while cities are increasingly becoming the dominant mode of man’s social existence (72) Historically city life has always been among the elements which form a civilization Any high degree of human endeavor and achievement has been closely linked to life in an urban environment (73) It is virtually impossible to imagine that universities hospitals large businesses or even science and technology could have come into being without cities to support them To most people cities have traditionally been the areas where there was a concentration of culture as well as of opportunity (74) In recent years however people have begun to become aware that cities are also areas where there is a concentration of problems What has happened to the modern American city Actually the problem is not such a new one Long before this century started there had begun a trend toward the concentration of the poor of the American society into the cities Each great wave of immigration from abroad and from the rural areas made the problem worse During this century there has also been the development of large suburban areas surrounding the cities for the rich prefer to live in these areas Within the cities sections may be sharply divided into high and low rent districts the right side of town and the slums
Of course everyone wants to do something about this unhappy situation But there is no agreement as to goals Neither is there any systematic approach or integrated program Opinions are as diverse as the people who give them (75) But one basic difference of opinion concerns the question of whether or not the city as such is to be preserved Perhaps transportation and the means of communication have really made it possible for there to be an end to the big cities Of course there is the problem of persuading people to move out of them of their own free will (76) And there is also the objection that the city has always been the core from which cultural advancement has radiated Is this however still the case today in the presence of easy transportation and communication Does culture arise as a result of people living together communally or is it too the result of decisions made at the level of government and the communications industry
It is probably true to say that most people prefer to preserve the cities Some think that the cities could be cleaned up or totally rebuilt This is easy to say it would not be so easy to do (77) To be sure a great rebuilding project would give jobs to many of those people who need them Living conditions could not help but improve at least for a while But would the problems return after the rebuilding was completed
Nevertheless with the majority of the people living in urban areas the problem of the cities must be solved (78) From agreement on this general goal we have unfortunately in the past proceeded to disagreement on specific goals and from there to total inaction At the basis of much of this inaction is an oldfashioned concept the idea human conditions will naturally tend to regulate themselves for the general goal
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