2016研究生入学统考试试题（英语）
Section 1 Use of English
Directions Read the following text Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A] [B] [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1 (10 points)
In Cambodia the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male It may involve not only his parents and his friends __1__those of the young woman but also a matchmaker A young man can __2__ a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to __3__the marriage negotiations or the young man’s parents may take the choice of a spouse giving the child little to say in the selection __4__ a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen __5__ a spouse has been selected each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying __6__ a good family
The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair Formerly it lasted three days __7__1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and __8__ prayers of blessing Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting__9__cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride＇s and groom＇s wrists and __10__a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the __11__ Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife＇s parents and may__12__ with them up to a year __13__they can build a new house nearby
Divorce is legal and easy to __14__ but not common Divorced persons are __15__ with some disapproval Each spouse retains ___16___ property he or she __17__ into the marriage and jointlyacquired property is __18__ equally Divorced persons may remarry but a gender prejudice __19__up The divorced male doesn＇t have a waiting period before he can remarry __20__the woman must wait ten months
1 A by way of B with regard to C on behalf of D as well as
2 A decide on B provide for C compete with D adapt to
3 A close B arrange C renew D postpone
4 A In theory B Above all C In time D For example
5 A Unless B Less C After D Although
6 A into B within C from D through
7 A or B since C but D so
8 A test B copy C recite D create
9 A folding B piling C wrapping D tying
10 A passing B lighting C hiding D serving
11 A association B meeting C collection D union
12 A deal B part C grow D live
13 A whereas B until C for D if
14 A avoid B follow C challenge D obtain
15 A isolated B persuaded C viewed D exposed
16 A wherever B whatever C whenever D however
17 A changed B brought C shaped D pushed
18 A invested B divided C donated D withdrawn
19 A warms B clears C shows D breaks
20 A while B so that C once D in that
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions：Read the following four texts Answer the questions after each text by choosing A B C or D Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (40 points)
Text 1
Francewhich prides itself as the global innovator of fashion has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultrathin models on runways The parliament also agreed to ban websites that incite excessive thinness by promoting extreme dieting
Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health That’s a start And the ban on ultrathin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death –as some have done It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women especially teenage girls about the social tapemeasure they must use to determine their individual worth
The bans if fully enforced would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty And perhaps faintly they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or waspwaist physiques
The French measures however rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skindeepand boneshowing Under the law using a fashion model that does not meet a governmentdefined index of body mass could result in a 85000 fine and six months in prison
The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types In Denmark the United States and a few other countries it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement
In contrast to France’s actions Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age health and other characteristics of models The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly statesWe are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals especially on young people The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week (CFW) which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute But in general it relies on a nameand shame method of compliance
Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry
21 According to the first paragraphwhat would happen in France
APhysical beauty would be redefined
BNew runways would be constructed
CWebsites about dieting would thrive
DThe fashion industry would decline
22 The phrase impinging on(Line 2Para2) is closest in meaning to
Aheightening the value of
Bindicating the state of
Closing faith in
Ddoing harm to
23 Which of the following is true of the fashion industry？
AThe French measures have already failed
BNew standards are being set in Denmark
CModels are no longer under peer pressure
DIts inherent problems are getting worse
24 A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for
Apursuing perfect physical conditions
Bcaring too much about model’s character
Cshowing little concern for health factors
Dsetting a high age threshold for models
25 Which of the following may be the best title of the text
AA Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals
BA Dilemma for the Starving models in France
CJust Another Round of Struggle for Beauty
DThe Great Threats to the Fashion Industry
Text 2
For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country In Britain this has had a curious result While polls show Britons ratethe countrysidealongside the royal family Shakespeare and the National Health Serivce (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country this has limited political support
A century ago Octavia Hill Launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to savethe beauty of natural places for everyone forever It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experiencea refreshing air Hill’s pressure later led to creation of national parks and green belts They don’t make countryside any moreand every year concrete consumes more of it It needs constant guardianship
At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment The conservatives’planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation even authorisingoffplanbuilding where local people might object The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development The Liberal Democrats are silent Only Ukip sensing its chancehas sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local conservative parties
The sensible place to build new housesfactories and offices is where people arein cities and towns where infrastructure is in place The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London area alonewith no intrusion on green belt What is true of London is even truer of the provinces
The idea thathousing crisisequalsconcreted meadows is pure lobby talk The issue is not the need for more houses but as alwayswhere to put them Under lobby pressureGeorge Osborne favours rural newbuild against urban renovation and renewal He favours outoftown shopping sites against high streets This is not a free market but a biased one Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character We do not ruin urban Development should be planned not let rip After the Netherlands Britain is Europe
’s most crowed country Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence while still permitting lowdensity urban living There is no doubt of the alternative the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal Spain or Ireland Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum
26 Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside
[A] has brought much benefit to the NHS
[B] didn’t start till the Shakespearean age
[C] is fully backed by the royal family
[D] is not well reflected in politics
27 According to Paragraph 2the achievements of the National Trust are now being
[A] gradually destroyed
[B] effectively reinforced
[C] properly protected
[D] largely overshadowed
28 which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3
[A] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation
[B] the Conservatives may abandon off plan building
[C] the Liberal Democrats are losing political influence
[D] labour is under attack for opposing development
29 the author holds that George Osborne’s preference
[A] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas
[B] shows his disregard for the character of rural areas
[C] stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis
[D] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure
30 In the last paragraphthe author shows his appreciation of
[A] the size of population in Britain
[B the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain
[C] the townandcountry planning in Britain
[D] the political life in today is Britain
Text 3
There is on and only one social responsibility of business wrote Milton Friedman a Nobel prizewinning economist That is to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits But even if you accept Friedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders’ money things may not be absolutely clearcut New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companiesat least when they are prosecuted for corruption
The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than 15 billion a year on CSR according to an estimate by EPG a consulting firm This could add value to their businesses in three ways First consumers may take CSR spending as a signal that a company’s products are of high quality Second customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps And thi
rd through a more diffuse halo effect whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others
Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three Al recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations they could be influenced only by the halo effect
The study found that among prosecuted firms those with the most comprehensive CSR programms tended to get more lenient penalties Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firm’s
Political influence rather than their CSR stand that accounted for the leniency Companies that
contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines
In all the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labourrights concern such as child labour or increasing corporate giving byabout20 results in fines that generally are 40 lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials says one researcher
Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect rather than the other possible benefits when they decide their dogooding policies But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law evidence of good character can win them less costly punishment
31The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with
Atolerance
Bskepticism
Cuncertainty
Dapproval
32According to Paragraph 2CSR helps a company by
Awinning trust from consumers
Bguarding it against malpractices
Cprotecting it from being defamed
Draising the quality of its products
33 The expression more lenient (line 2para4)is closest in meaning to
Amore effective
Bless controversial
Cless severe
Dmore lasting
34 When prosecutors evaluate a case a company’s CSR regard
Ahas an impact on their decision
Bcomes across as reliable evidence
Cincreases the chance of being penalized
Dconstitutes part of the investigation
35Which of the following is true of CSR according to the last paragraph
A Its negative effects on businesses are of
ten overlooked
B The necessary amount of companies’ spending on it is unknown
C Companies’ financial capacity for it has been overestimated
D It has brought much benefit to the banking industry
Text 4
There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate Sometime in the future the paper’s publisher said back in 2010
Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper — printing presses delivery trucks — isn’t just expensive it’s excessive at a time when onlineonly competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints Readers are migrating away from print away And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts revenue from print is still declining
Overhead may be high and circulation lower but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake says BuzzFeed CEO Joah Peretti
Peretti says the Times shouldn’t waste time getting out of the print business but only if they go about doing it the right way Fighting out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense of them he said but if you discontinue it you’re going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you
Sometimes that’s worth making a change anyway Peretti gives the example seen as a blunder he said The move turned out to be foresighted And if Peretti would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product
The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor the idea goes and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in So if you’re overpaying for print you could feel like you were helpingPeretti said Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenueIn other words if you’re going to make a print product make it for the people who are already obsessed with it Which way be what the Times is doing already Getting the print edition seven days a week costs 500 a year — more than twice as much as a digitalonly subscription
It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy businessPeretti remarked But we’re going to have questions like that where we have things we’re doing that don’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes In those situations it’s better to be more aggressive than less aggressive
36The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly due to
[A]the pressure from its investors
[B]the complaints from its readers
[C]the high cost of operation
[D]the increasing online ad sales
37 Peretti suggests that in face of the present situation the Times should
[A]make strategic adjustments
[B]end the print edition for good
[C]seek new sources of readership
[D]aim for efficient management
38 It can be inferred form Paragraphs 5 and 6 that a legacy product
[A]will have the cost of printing reduced
[B]is meant for the most loyal customers
[C]helps restore the glory of former times
[D]expands the popularity of the paper
39 Peretti believes that in a changing world
[A]traditional luxuries can stay unaffected
[B]aggressiveness better meets challenges
[C]cautiousness facilitates problemsolving
[D]legacy businesses are becoming outdated
40 Which of the following would be the best title of the text
[A]Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury Good
[B]Keep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion
[C]Cherish the Newspaper Still in Your Hand
[D]Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once
Part B
Directions
In the following article some sentences have been removed For Questions 4145 choose the most suitable one from the list AG to fit into each of the numbered blank There are two extra choices which do not fit in any of the gaps Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (10 points)
[A]Create a new image of yourself
[B]Decide if the time is right
[C]Have confidence in yourself
[D]Understand the context
[E]Work with professionals
[F]Know your goals
[G]Make it efficient
No matter how formal or informa the work environmentthe way you present yourself has an impact This is especially true in first impressions According to research from Princeton Universitypeople assess your competencetrustworthinessand likeability in just a tenth of a secondsolely based on the way you look
The difference between today’s workplace and thedress for success era is that the range of options is so much broader Norms have evolved and fragmented In some settings red sneakers or dress Tshirts can convey status in others not so much Plus whatever image we present is magnified by socialmedia services like LinkedIn Chances are your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago Millennials it seems face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding It can be confusing
So how do we navigate this How do we know when to invest in an upgrade And what’s the best way to pull off one that enhance our goals Here are some tips
41
As an executive coach I’ve seen image upgrades be particularly helpful during transitionswhen looking for a new job stepping into a new or more public role or changing work environments If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut now may be a good time If you’re not sure ask for honest feedback from trusted friends colleagues and professionals Look for cues about how others perceive youMaybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK
42 Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it For one person the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image For another it may be to be perceived as more approachable or more modern and stylish For someone moving from finance to advertising maybe they want to look moreSoHo(It’s OK to use characterizations like that)
43
Look at your work environment like an anthropologist What are the norms of your environment What conveys status Who are your most important audiences How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves The better you understand the cultural context the more control you can have over your impact
44
Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context Hire a personal stylist or use the free styling service of a store like JCrew Try a hair stylist instead of a barber Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend It’s not as expensive as you might think
45
The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time passing over what to wear Instead use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue Pick a standard work uniform or a few goto options Buy all your clothes once with a stylist instead of shopping alone one article of clothing at a time
Part C Translation
Directions
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2 (10 points)
Mental health is our birthright (46) we don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone Mental health can’t be learned only reawakened It is like immune system of the body which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened but which never leaves us When we don’t understand the value of mental health and we don’t know how to gain access to it mental health will remain hidden from us (47) Our mental health doesn’t go anywhere like the sun behind a cloud it can be temporarily hidden from view but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant
Mental health is the seed that contains selfesteem –confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense It allows us to have perspective on our livesthe ability to not take ourselves too seriously to laugh at ourselves to see the bigger picture and to see that things will work out It’s a form of innate or unlearned optimism (48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles with kindness if they are in pain and with unconditional love no matter who they are Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems resolving conflict making our surroundings more beautiful managing our home life or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier It gives us patience for ourselves And toward others as well as patience while driving catching a fish working on our car or raising a child It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature in culture in the flow of our daily lives
(49)Although mental health is the cureall for living our lives it is perfecting ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong good from bad friend from foe Mental health has commonly been called conscience instinct wisdom common sense or the inner voice we think of it simply as a health and helpful flow of intelligent thought (50)
As you will come to see knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily
Section III Writing
Part A
Directions
Suppose you are a librarian in your university Write a notice of about 100 words providing the newlyenrolled international students with relevant information about the library
You should write neatly on the ANWSER SHEET
Do not sign you own name at the end of the letter use Li Ming instead
Do not write the address (10 points)
Part B
52 Directions
Write an essay of 160—200 words based on the following picturein your essay you should
1 describe the pictures briefly
2 interpret its intended meaning and
3 give your comments
You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET (20 points)
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Section 1 Use of English
Directions Read the following text Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A] [B] [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1 (10 points)
In Cambodia the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male It may involve not only his parents and his friends __1__those of the young woman but also a matchmaker A young man can __2__ a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to __3__the marriage negotiations or the young man’s parents may take the choice of a spouse giving the child little to say in the selection __4__ a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen __5__ a spouse has been selected each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying __6__ a good family
The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair Formerly it lasted three days __7__1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and __8__ prayers of blessing Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting__9__cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride＇s and groom＇s wrists and __10__a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the __11__ Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife＇s parents and may__12__ with them up to a year __13__they can build a new house nearby
Divorce is legal and easy to __14__ but not common Divorced persons are __15__ with some disapproval Each spouse retains ___16___ property he or she __17__ into the marriage and jointlyacquired property is __18__ equally Divorced persons may remarry but a gender prejudice __19__up The divorced male doesn＇t have a waiting period before he can remarry __20__the woman must wait ten months
1 A by way of B with regard to C on behalf of D as well as
2 A decide on B provide for C compete with D adapt to
3 A close B arrange C renew D postpone
4 A In theory B Above all C In time D For example
5 A Unless B Less C After D Although
6 A into B within C from D through
7 A or B since C but D so
8 A test B copy C recite D create
9 A folding B piling C wrapping D tying
10 A passing B lighting C hiding D serving
11 A association B meeting C collection D union
12 A deal B part C grow D live
13 A whereas B until C for D if
14 A avoid B follow C challenge D obtain
15 A isolated B persuaded C viewed D exposed
16 A wherever B whatever C whenever D however
17 A changed B brought C shaped D pushed
18 A invested B divided C donated D withdrawn
19 A warms B clears C shows D breaks
20 A while B so that C once D in that
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions：Read the following four texts Answer the questions after each text by choosing A B C or D Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (40 points)
Text 1
Francewhich prides itself as the global innovator of fashion has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultrathin models on runways The parliament also agreed to ban websites that incite excessive thinness by promoting extreme dieting
Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health That’s a start And the ban on ultrathin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death –as some have done It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women especially teenage girls about the social tapemeasure they must use to determine their individual worth
The bans if fully enforced would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty And perhaps faintly they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or waspwaist physiques
The French measures however rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skindeepand boneshowing Under the law using a fashion model that does not meet a governmentdefined index of body mass could result in a 85000 fine and six months in prison
The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types In Denmark the United States and a few other countries it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement
In contrast to France’s actions Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age health and other characteristics of models The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly statesWe are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals especially on young people The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week (CFW) which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute But in general it relies on a nameand shame method of compliance
Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry
21 According to the first paragraphwhat would happen in France
APhysical beauty would be redefined
BNew runways would be constructed
CWebsites about dieting would thrive
DThe fashion industry would decline
22 The phrase impinging on(Line 2Para2) is closest in meaning to
Aheightening the value of
Bindicating the state of
Closing faith in
Ddoing harm to
23 Which of the following is true of the fashion industry？
AThe French measures have already failed
BNew standards are being set in Denmark
CModels are no longer under peer pressure
DIts inherent problems are getting worse
24 A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for
Apursuing perfect physical conditions
Bcaring too much about model’s character
Cshowing little concern for health factors
Dsetting a high age threshold for models
25 Which of the following may be the best title of the text
AA Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals
BA Dilemma for the Starving models in France
CJust Another Round of Struggle for Beauty
DThe Great Threats to the Fashion Industry
Text 2
For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country In Britain this has had a curious result While polls show Britons ratethe countrysidealongside the royal family Shakespeare and the National Health Serivce (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country this has limited political support
A century ago Octavia Hill Launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to savethe beauty of natural places for everyone forever It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experiencea refreshing air Hill’s pressure later led to creation of national parks and green belts They don’t make countryside any moreand every year concrete consumes more of it It needs constant guardianship
At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment The conservatives’planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation even authorisingoffplanbuilding where local people might object The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development The Liberal Democrats are silent Only Ukip sensing its chancehas sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local conservative parties
The sensible place to build new housesfactories and offices is where people arein cities and towns where infrastructure is in place The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London area alonewith no intrusion on green belt What is true of London is even truer of the provinces
The idea thathousing crisisequalsconcreted meadows is pure lobby talk The issue is not the need for more houses but as alwayswhere to put them Under lobby pressureGeorge Osborne favours rural newbuild against urban renovation and renewal He favours outoftown shopping sites against high streets This is not a free market but a biased one Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character We do not ruin urban Development should be planned not let rip After the Netherlands Britain is Europe
’s most crowed country Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence while still permitting lowdensity urban living There is no doubt of the alternative the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal Spain or Ireland Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum
26 Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside
[A] has brought much benefit to the NHS
[B] didn’t start till the Shakespearean age
[C] is fully backed by the royal family
[D] is not well reflected in politics
27 According to Paragraph 2the achievements of the National Trust are now being
[A] gradually destroyed
[B] effectively reinforced
[C] properly protected
[D] largely overshadowed
28 which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3
[A] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation
[B] the Conservatives may abandon off plan building
[C] the Liberal Democrats are losing political influence
[D] labour is under attack for opposing development
29 the author holds that George Osborne’s preference
[A] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas
[B] shows his disregard for the character of rural areas
[C] stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis
[D] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure
30 In the last paragraphthe author shows his appreciation of
[A] the size of population in Britain
[B the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain
[C] the townandcountry planning in Britain
[D] the political life in today is Britain
Text 3
There is on and only one social responsibility of business wrote Milton Friedman a Nobel prizewinning economist That is to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits But even if you accept Friedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders’ money things may not be absolutely clearcut New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companiesat least when they are prosecuted for corruption
The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than 15 billion a year on CSR according to an estimate by EPG a consulting firm This could add value to their businesses in three ways First consumers may take CSR spending as a signal that a company’s products are of high quality Second customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps And thi
rd through a more diffuse halo effect whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others
Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three Al recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations they could be influenced only by the halo effect
The study found that among prosecuted firms those with the most comprehensive CSR programms tended to get more lenient penalties Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firm’s
Political influence rather than their CSR stand that accounted for the leniency Companies that
contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines
In all the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labourrights concern such as child labour or increasing corporate giving byabout20 results in fines that generally are 40 lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials says one researcher
Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect rather than the other possible benefits when they decide their dogooding policies But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law evidence of good character can win them less costly punishment
31The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with
Atolerance
Bskepticism
Cuncertainty
Dapproval
32According to Paragraph 2CSR helps a company by
Awinning trust from consumers
Bguarding it against malpractices
Cprotecting it from being defamed
Draising the quality of its products
33 The expression more lenient (line 2para4)is closest in meaning to
Amore effective
Bless controversial
Cless severe
Dmore lasting
34 When prosecutors evaluate a case a company’s CSR regard
Ahas an impact on their decision
Bcomes across as reliable evidence
Cincreases the chance of being penalized
Dconstitutes part of the investigation
35Which of the following is true of CSR according to the last paragraph
A Its negative effects on businesses are of
ten overlooked
B The necessary amount of companies’ spending on it is unknown
C Companies’ financial capacity for it has been overestimated
D It has brought much benefit to the banking industry
Text 4
There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate Sometime in the future the paper’s publisher said back in 2010
Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper — printing presses delivery trucks — isn’t just expensive it’s excessive at a time when onlineonly competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints Readers are migrating away from print away And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts revenue from print is still declining
Overhead may be high and circulation lower but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake says BuzzFeed CEO Joah Peretti
Peretti says the Times shouldn’t waste time getting out of the print business but only if they go about doing it the right way Fighting out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense of them he said but if you discontinue it you’re going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you
Sometimes that’s worth making a change anyway Peretti gives the example seen as a blunder he said The move turned out to be foresighted And if Peretti would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product
The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor the idea goes and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in So if you’re overpaying for print you could feel like you were helpingPeretti said Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenueIn other words if you’re going to make a print product make it for the people who are already obsessed with it Which way be what the Times is doing already Getting the print edition seven days a week costs 500 a year — more than twice as much as a digitalonly subscription
It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy businessPeretti remarked But we’re going to have questions like that where we have things we’re doing that don’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes In those situations it’s better to be more aggressive than less aggressive
36The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly due to
[A]the pressure from its investors
[B]the complaints from its readers
[C]the high cost of operation
[D]the increasing online ad sales
37 Peretti suggests that in face of the present situation the Times should
[A]make strategic adjustments
[B]end the print edition for good
[C]seek new sources of readership
[D]aim for efficient management
38 It can be inferred form Paragraphs 5 and 6 that a legacy product
[A]will have the cost of printing reduced
[B]is meant for the most loyal customers
[C]helps restore the glory of former times
[D]expands the popularity of the paper
39 Peretti believes that in a changing world
[A]traditional luxuries can stay unaffected
[B]aggressiveness better meets challenges
[C]cautiousness facilitates problemsolving
[D]legacy businesses are becoming outdated
40 Which of the following would be the best title of the text
[A]Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury Good
[B]Keep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion
[C]Cherish the Newspaper Still in Your Hand
[D]Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once
Part B
Directions
In the following article some sentences have been removed For Questions 4145 choose the most suitable one from the list AG to fit into each of the numbered blank There are two extra choices which do not fit in any of the gaps Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (10 points)
[A]Create a new image of yourself
[B]Decide if the time is right
[C]Have confidence in yourself
[D]Understand the context
[E]Work with professionals
[F]Know your goals
[G]Make it efficient
No matter how formal or informa the work environmentthe way you present yourself has an impact This is especially true in first impressions According to research from Princeton Universitypeople assess your competencetrustworthinessand likeability in just a tenth of a secondsolely based on the way you look
The difference between today’s workplace and thedress for success era is that the range of options is so much broader Norms have evolved and fragmented In some settings red sneakers or dress Tshirts can convey status in others not so much Plus whatever image we present is magnified by socialmedia services like LinkedIn Chances are your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago Millennials it seems face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding It can be confusing
So how do we navigate this How do we know when to invest in an upgrade And what’s the best way to pull off one that enhance our goals Here are some tips
41
As an executive coach I’ve seen image upgrades be particularly helpful during transitionswhen looking for a new job stepping into a new or more public role or changing work environments If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut now may be a good time If you’re not sure ask for honest feedback from trusted friends colleagues and professionals Look for cues about how others perceive youMaybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK
42 Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it For one person the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image For another it may be to be perceived as more approachable or more modern and stylish For someone moving from finance to advertising maybe they want to look moreSoHo(It’s OK to use characterizations like that)
43
Look at your work environment like an anthropologist What are the norms of your environment What conveys status Who are your most important audiences How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves The better you understand the cultural context the more control you can have over your impact
44
Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context Hire a personal stylist or use the free styling service of a store like JCrew Try a hair stylist instead of a barber Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend It’s not as expensive as you might think
45
The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time passing over what to wear Instead use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue Pick a standard work uniform or a few goto options Buy all your clothes once with a stylist instead of shopping alone one article of clothing at a time
Part C Translation
Directions
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2 (10 points)
Mental health is our birthright (46) we don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone Mental health can’t be learned only reawakened It is like immune system of the body which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened but which never leaves us When we don’t understand the value of mental health and we don’t know how to gain access to it mental health will remain hidden from us (47) Our mental health doesn’t go anywhere like the sun behind a cloud it can be temporarily hidden from view but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant
Mental health is the seed that contains selfesteem –confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense It allows us to have perspective on our livesthe ability to not take ourselves too seriously to laugh at ourselves to see the bigger picture and to see that things will work out It’s a form of innate or unlearned optimism (48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles with kindness if they are in pain and with unconditional love no matter who they are Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems resolving conflict making our surroundings more beautiful managing our home life or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier It gives us patience for ourselves And toward others as well as patience while driving catching a fish working on our car or raising a child It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature in culture in the flow of our daily lives
(49)Although mental health is the cureall for living our lives it is perfecting ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong good from bad friend from foe Mental health has commonly been called conscience instinct wisdom common sense or the inner voice we think of it simply as a health and helpful flow of intelligent thought (50)
As you will come to see knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily
Section III Writing
Part A
Directions
Suppose you are a librarian in your university Write a notice of about 100 words providing the newlyenrolled international students with relevant information about the library
You should write neatly on the ANWSER SHEET
Do not sign you own name at the end of the letter use Li Ming instead
Do not write the address (10 points)
Part B
52 Directions
Write an essay of 160—200 words based on the following picturein your essay you should
1 describe the pictures briefly
2 interpret its intended meaning and
3 give your comments
You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET (20 points)
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