科技英语翻译课程练三答案
词义选择
virus病毒—电脑病毒
boot靴子—启动
bus公汽车—总线路
drive司机—磁盘驱动器
menu菜单—电脑菜单
window窗口—电脑中开窗口
sense 方辨力(线电通讯等学科中)
sense antenna辨天线
sense finder单值侧器
读出(计算机科学中)
sense signal读出信号
sense amplifier读出放器
indicator指示剂(化学中)
indicator paper试纸
示功器示压器(机械中)
indicator card示功卡示功图
指针(仪器)
dial indicator标度盘指示器
position indicator定位仪
revolution indicator转数计
surface indicator面规表面找正器
二词义引申
1 具体化引申
1) Highspeed grinding does not know this disadvantage
译文：高速磨削存足
2) The casting takes both the size and the shape of mould
译文：铸件体积形状铸型异
3) Alloy belongs to a halfway house between mixtures and compounds
译文：合金介混合物化合物间种中间结构
4) This new crucible furnace is a fuelefficient model
译文：种新型坩锅炉节油型锅炉
5) This shows that a vacuum which is the absence of matter cannot transmit sound
译文：表明真空没空气状态传播声音
6) The bridge was so well built that it lasted for a hundred years
译文：座桥建造非常牢固已百年
2 抽象化引申
1) They reach their programmed positions within a few seconds of each other and detonate Anything nearby is a goner
译文：导弹相继秒差达程序制导目标引爆附切顷刻覆灭(原文中goner义挽救(物)意义具体果种直译文理通基goner涵联想意义作抽象化引申顷刻覆灭)
2) The major contributors in component technology have been in the semi — conductors
译文：元件技术中起作半导体元件(contributors词义指贡献者表示具体直接翻译贡献者符合汉语语言惯该词作抽象化引申译起作)
3) These gases trap the sun’s heat whereas sulphur dioxide cools the atmosphere
译文：气体留住阳光中热量二氧化硫空气冷(该词句中宾语逻辑匹配关系直译设陷阱捕捉显然文句抽象化引申留住)
3 技术性引申
1) The light in the workshop is poor
译文：车间电量足
2) Zinc is easy to obtain from its ore
译文：锌易锌矿中提炼
3) Steel and cast iron also differ in carbon
译文：钢铸铁两者含碳量
4 修辞性引申
1) Graphite in cast iron is not hard it gives way to pressure
译文：铸铁中石墨硬压力会变形
2) Electric resistance furnaces have their electric energy transformed into heat
译文：电阻炉电转变热
三增词法
1 增添原文省略词语
1) Metallic matrix composites became useful only in the late eighties
译文：80年代末期金属基复合材料成东西
2) To the extent that it is real the interaction with the lower boundary seems a good candidate to explain the high persistence of the system
译文：果结果话系统边界相互作似作解释长时间继续存原
3) Matter can be changed into energy and energy into matter
译文：物质转化转化物质
4) Mobile users in India desire a wide range of devices and services
译文：印度移动户求提供更选择服务
2 增添必连接词语
1) Heated water will change into vapor
译文：水受热会汽化
2) This question is really a technique design rather than an operation problem
译文：问题实际属工艺设计方面非操作方面问题
3) Having a lot of advantages this machine will eventually be improved upon
译文：台机器优点总天会机器超
4) Other material can be used but pine bark had proven best for repeated use
译文：材料松树皮已证明适合次材料
3 增词法表达出原文复数概念
1) After a series of experiments important phenomena have been ascertained
译文：系列实验查明许重现象
2) The first steel castings produced by full mold process went into use in 1978
译文：第批实型铸造工艺生产铸钢件1978年投入
3) The virus may survive weeks and months
译文：病毒存活数星期数月
4) A gas exerts the same pressure in a mixture of gases as it would exert if it were in the container alone
译文：混合种气体中种气体具压力单独容器中压力样
4 增词法抽象概念表达清楚
1) Oxidation will make iron and steel rusty
译文：氧化作会钢铁生锈
2) The addition or removal of heat may change the state of matter
译文：加热法热法改变物质状态
3) Shortterm use of medications is another option
译文：短期药物治疗法种选择
4) Corrections and changes are made in accordance with the observed performance
译文：根观察结果进行修正变换
5) This lack of resistance in very cold metals may become useful in electronic computers
译文：种低温金属中没电阻现象电子计算机处
5 逻辑性增词(Amplification for Logic)
1) Voltage testers should be checked for correct functioning before use
译文：测压器前应检查功否正常
2) Wave your hand in front of your face and you can feel the air moving
译文：果眼前摆手会感空气流动
3) The pupil of eye responds to the change of light intensity
译文：瞳孔着光线强度变化变化
4) Air pressure decreases with altitude
译文：气压海拔高度增加降
5) As no machine ever runs without some friction overcoming the force wastes work
译文：没台机器摩擦运转克服摩擦力白费功夫
6) Oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it
译文：说海洋世界分开说海洋世界连接起
6 概括性增词
1) According to scientists it takes nature 500 years to create an inch of topsoil
译文：根科学家法然界500年时间形成英寸厚表层土壤
2) This article summed up the new achievements made in electronic computers artificial satellites and rockets
译文：文总结电子计算机造卫星火箭三方面新成
3) The France and Korea conducted a completely secrete exchange of message
译文：法韩双方完全保密情况互相交换信息
4) The frequency wavelength and speed of sound are closely related
译文：声音频率波长速度三者密切相关
7 词重复
1) Avoid using this computer in extreme coldheatdust or humidity
译文：冷热灰尘重湿度情况电脑
2) I had experienced oxygen andor engine trouble
译文：遇情况氧气设备出障引擎出障两者出障
3) They could sense her（Titanic）mass her quiet and the ruined splendor of a lost age
译文：会体会（泰坦尼克号）船体巨感受周围怕沉寂领略岁月流逝造成凄凉景观
4) A proton has a positive charge and an electron a negative charge but a neutron has neither
译文：质子带正电电子带负电中子带正电带负电
5) Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as admiration
译文：知恐惧根源钦佩根源
四减词法
1 冠词省略
1) The direct arc furnace is particularly suitable for the production of high alloy irons
译文：直流电弧炉特适生产高合金铸铁
2) A protective flux is generally best applied as a low melting point liquid which can easily and efficiently cover the molten metal surface
译文：保护性熔剂般低熔点液体形式容易效覆盖金属液表面
3) Any substance is made of atoms whether it is a solid a liquid or a gas
译文：物质固体液体气体原子组成
4) The direction of a force can be represented by an arrow
译文：力方箭头表示(外固定词组固定搭配中冠词般应减译as a consequence（）in a few words（简言）on an average（均说）in the issue（结果）make the grade（达标准合求）hit the mark（中标达目）等)
2 代词省略
1) Before you begin to work the instrument first read the instruction carefully
译文：仪器前请首先仔细阅读说明书（减译称代词）
2) You can surf the Web or write emails on your laptop while your mobile phone is in your bag
译文：手机包里时候笔记电脑网写电子邮件（减译称代词）
3) The process of separating a metal from its ore is called smelting
译文：金属矿石中分离出程冶炼（减译物代词）
4) Your Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) or laptop can receive images taken with a Bluetoothequipped digital camera
译文：数字助理（PDA）笔记电脑收蓝牙型数码相机发送片
5) Friction always manifests itself as a force that opposes motion
译文：摩擦总表现种阻碍运动力（减译反身代词）
6) What is known as the frequency is the number of times that the motion repeats itself per unit time
译文：谓频率该运动单位时间重复次数（减译反身代词）
7) It was not until the middle of the 19th century that the blast furnace came into use
译文：直十九世纪中叶高炉开始（减译非称代词it）
8) Like zinc iron also converts itself into a vapor at high temperature
译文：象锌样铁高温会变蒸汽（减译代词）
3 介词省略(omission of the Preposition)
1) Gusty winds may blow out of a thunderstorm at speed in excess of 75 miles an hour
译文：阵风时75英里速度雷暴中吹出
2) An increase in nodule number and improvements in nodule shape in heavy ductile iron castings can be effected by the addition of a small amount of antimony
译文：通添加少量锑增加断面球铁件中石墨球数改善石墨球形态
3) The difference between the two machines consists in power
译文：两台机器差功率
4) If I had known it I would not have joined in it
译文：早知参加
5) Like charges repel each other while opposite charges attract
译文：性电荷相斥异性电荷相吸
4 连词省略
1) Manganese goes into solid solution and then it forms a separate constituent
译文：锰进入固溶体然形成游离组元（减译列连词）
2) Electric charges positive and negative which are responsible for electrical force can wipe one another out and disappear
译文：产生电场力正负电荷会相互抵消掉（减译列连词）
3) The sun heats the earth which makes it possible for plants to grow
译文：太阳晒热球植物生长（减译属连词）
4) Providing that we know both the current and resistance the voltage can be calculated
译文：知道电流电阻求出电压（减译属连词）
5) There is no time when the circulation of water does not take place
译文：水循环时进行（减译属连词）
6) A force which is a vector quantity has three elements
译文：力矢量三素（减译属连词）
5 动词省略
1) This dioxide produces about ten times more radiant power than that one
译文：二极耗散功率9倍左右（减译动词produce）
2) This laser beam covers a very narrow range of frequencies
译文：种激光束频率范围窄（减译动词cover）
3) The Beta cell could provide mankind’s first permanent cure for diabetes
译文：Beta细胞许根治类糖尿病（减译动词provide）
4) When the pressure gets low the boilingpoint becomes low
译文：气压低沸点低（减译系动词become）
5) In most cases the soil near the surface is merely damp and is not completely saturated with water
译文：数情况表附土壤仅仅潮湿含水量未完全饱（减译系动词is）
6) The wire gets hot for the current becomes too great
译文：电线发热电流太（减译系动词get）
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词义选择
virus病毒—电脑病毒
boot靴子—启动
bus公汽车—总线路
drive司机—磁盘驱动器
menu菜单—电脑菜单
window窗口—电脑中开窗口
sense 方辨力(线电通讯等学科中)
sense antenna辨天线
sense finder单值侧器
读出(计算机科学中)
sense signal读出信号
sense amplifier读出放器
indicator指示剂(化学中)
indicator paper试纸
示功器示压器(机械中)
indicator card示功卡示功图
指针(仪器)
dial indicator标度盘指示器
position indicator定位仪
revolution indicator转数计
surface indicator面规表面找正器
二词义引申
1 具体化引申
1) Highspeed grinding does not know this disadvantage
译文：高速磨削存足
2) The casting takes both the size and the shape of mould
译文：铸件体积形状铸型异
3) Alloy belongs to a halfway house between mixtures and compounds
译文：合金介混合物化合物间种中间结构
4) This new crucible furnace is a fuelefficient model
译文：种新型坩锅炉节油型锅炉
5) This shows that a vacuum which is the absence of matter cannot transmit sound
译文：表明真空没空气状态传播声音
6) The bridge was so well built that it lasted for a hundred years
译文：座桥建造非常牢固已百年
2 抽象化引申
1) They reach their programmed positions within a few seconds of each other and detonate Anything nearby is a goner
译文：导弹相继秒差达程序制导目标引爆附切顷刻覆灭(原文中goner义挽救(物)意义具体果种直译文理通基goner涵联想意义作抽象化引申顷刻覆灭)
2) The major contributors in component technology have been in the semi — conductors
译文：元件技术中起作半导体元件(contributors词义指贡献者表示具体直接翻译贡献者符合汉语语言惯该词作抽象化引申译起作)
3) These gases trap the sun’s heat whereas sulphur dioxide cools the atmosphere
译文：气体留住阳光中热量二氧化硫空气冷(该词句中宾语逻辑匹配关系直译设陷阱捕捉显然文句抽象化引申留住)
3 技术性引申
1) The light in the workshop is poor
译文：车间电量足
2) Zinc is easy to obtain from its ore
译文：锌易锌矿中提炼
3) Steel and cast iron also differ in carbon
译文：钢铸铁两者含碳量
4 修辞性引申
1) Graphite in cast iron is not hard it gives way to pressure
译文：铸铁中石墨硬压力会变形
2) Electric resistance furnaces have their electric energy transformed into heat
译文：电阻炉电转变热
三增词法
1 增添原文省略词语
1) Metallic matrix composites became useful only in the late eighties
译文：80年代末期金属基复合材料成东西
2) To the extent that it is real the interaction with the lower boundary seems a good candidate to explain the high persistence of the system
译文：果结果话系统边界相互作似作解释长时间继续存原
3) Matter can be changed into energy and energy into matter
译文：物质转化转化物质
4) Mobile users in India desire a wide range of devices and services
译文：印度移动户求提供更选择服务
2 增添必连接词语
1) Heated water will change into vapor
译文：水受热会汽化
2) This question is really a technique design rather than an operation problem
译文：问题实际属工艺设计方面非操作方面问题
3) Having a lot of advantages this machine will eventually be improved upon
译文：台机器优点总天会机器超
4) Other material can be used but pine bark had proven best for repeated use
译文：材料松树皮已证明适合次材料
3 增词法表达出原文复数概念
1) After a series of experiments important phenomena have been ascertained
译文：系列实验查明许重现象
2) The first steel castings produced by full mold process went into use in 1978
译文：第批实型铸造工艺生产铸钢件1978年投入
3) The virus may survive weeks and months
译文：病毒存活数星期数月
4) A gas exerts the same pressure in a mixture of gases as it would exert if it were in the container alone
译文：混合种气体中种气体具压力单独容器中压力样
4 增词法抽象概念表达清楚
1) Oxidation will make iron and steel rusty
译文：氧化作会钢铁生锈
2) The addition or removal of heat may change the state of matter
译文：加热法热法改变物质状态
3) Shortterm use of medications is another option
译文：短期药物治疗法种选择
4) Corrections and changes are made in accordance with the observed performance
译文：根观察结果进行修正变换
5) This lack of resistance in very cold metals may become useful in electronic computers
译文：种低温金属中没电阻现象电子计算机处
5 逻辑性增词(Amplification for Logic)
1) Voltage testers should be checked for correct functioning before use
译文：测压器前应检查功否正常
2) Wave your hand in front of your face and you can feel the air moving
译文：果眼前摆手会感空气流动
3) The pupil of eye responds to the change of light intensity
译文：瞳孔着光线强度变化变化
4) Air pressure decreases with altitude
译文：气压海拔高度增加降
5) As no machine ever runs without some friction overcoming the force wastes work
译文：没台机器摩擦运转克服摩擦力白费功夫
6) Oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it
译文：说海洋世界分开说海洋世界连接起
6 概括性增词
1) According to scientists it takes nature 500 years to create an inch of topsoil
译文：根科学家法然界500年时间形成英寸厚表层土壤
2) This article summed up the new achievements made in electronic computers artificial satellites and rockets
译文：文总结电子计算机造卫星火箭三方面新成
3) The France and Korea conducted a completely secrete exchange of message
译文：法韩双方完全保密情况互相交换信息
4) The frequency wavelength and speed of sound are closely related
译文：声音频率波长速度三者密切相关
7 词重复
1) Avoid using this computer in extreme coldheatdust or humidity
译文：冷热灰尘重湿度情况电脑
2) I had experienced oxygen andor engine trouble
译文：遇情况氧气设备出障引擎出障两者出障
3) They could sense her（Titanic）mass her quiet and the ruined splendor of a lost age
译文：会体会（泰坦尼克号）船体巨感受周围怕沉寂领略岁月流逝造成凄凉景观
4) A proton has a positive charge and an electron a negative charge but a neutron has neither
译文：质子带正电电子带负电中子带正电带负电
5) Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as admiration
译文：知恐惧根源钦佩根源
四减词法
1 冠词省略
1) The direct arc furnace is particularly suitable for the production of high alloy irons
译文：直流电弧炉特适生产高合金铸铁
2) A protective flux is generally best applied as a low melting point liquid which can easily and efficiently cover the molten metal surface
译文：保护性熔剂般低熔点液体形式容易效覆盖金属液表面
3) Any substance is made of atoms whether it is a solid a liquid or a gas
译文：物质固体液体气体原子组成
4) The direction of a force can be represented by an arrow
译文：力方箭头表示(外固定词组固定搭配中冠词般应减译as a consequence（）in a few words（简言）on an average（均说）in the issue（结果）make the grade（达标准合求）hit the mark（中标达目）等)
2 代词省略
1) Before you begin to work the instrument first read the instruction carefully
译文：仪器前请首先仔细阅读说明书（减译称代词）
2) You can surf the Web or write emails on your laptop while your mobile phone is in your bag
译文：手机包里时候笔记电脑网写电子邮件（减译称代词）
3) The process of separating a metal from its ore is called smelting
译文：金属矿石中分离出程冶炼（减译物代词）
4) Your Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) or laptop can receive images taken with a Bluetoothequipped digital camera
译文：数字助理（PDA）笔记电脑收蓝牙型数码相机发送片
5) Friction always manifests itself as a force that opposes motion
译文：摩擦总表现种阻碍运动力（减译反身代词）
6) What is known as the frequency is the number of times that the motion repeats itself per unit time
译文：谓频率该运动单位时间重复次数（减译反身代词）
7) It was not until the middle of the 19th century that the blast furnace came into use
译文：直十九世纪中叶高炉开始（减译非称代词it）
8) Like zinc iron also converts itself into a vapor at high temperature
译文：象锌样铁高温会变蒸汽（减译代词）
3 介词省略(omission of the Preposition)
1) Gusty winds may blow out of a thunderstorm at speed in excess of 75 miles an hour
译文：阵风时75英里速度雷暴中吹出
2) An increase in nodule number and improvements in nodule shape in heavy ductile iron castings can be effected by the addition of a small amount of antimony
译文：通添加少量锑增加断面球铁件中石墨球数改善石墨球形态
3) The difference between the two machines consists in power
译文：两台机器差功率
4) If I had known it I would not have joined in it
译文：早知参加
5) Like charges repel each other while opposite charges attract
译文：性电荷相斥异性电荷相吸
4 连词省略
1) Manganese goes into solid solution and then it forms a separate constituent
译文：锰进入固溶体然形成游离组元（减译列连词）
2) Electric charges positive and negative which are responsible for electrical force can wipe one another out and disappear
译文：产生电场力正负电荷会相互抵消掉（减译列连词）
3) The sun heats the earth which makes it possible for plants to grow
译文：太阳晒热球植物生长（减译属连词）
4) Providing that we know both the current and resistance the voltage can be calculated
译文：知道电流电阻求出电压（减译属连词）
5) There is no time when the circulation of water does not take place
译文：水循环时进行（减译属连词）
6) A force which is a vector quantity has three elements
译文：力矢量三素（减译属连词）
5 动词省略
1) This dioxide produces about ten times more radiant power than that one
译文：二极耗散功率9倍左右（减译动词produce）
2) This laser beam covers a very narrow range of frequencies
译文：种激光束频率范围窄（减译动词cover）
3) The Beta cell could provide mankind’s first permanent cure for diabetes
译文：Beta细胞许根治类糖尿病（减译动词provide）
4) When the pressure gets low the boilingpoint becomes low
译文：气压低沸点低（减译系动词become）
5) In most cases the soil near the surface is merely damp and is not completely saturated with water
译文：数情况表附土壤仅仅潮湿含水量未完全饱（减译系动词is）
6) The wire gets hot for the current becomes too great
译文：电线发热电流太（减译系动词get）
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