国际商务概念英语翻译
The Concept of International Business
1 What Is Business什商务？
Traditionally business simply meant exchange or trade for things people wanted or needed but today it has a more technical definition which is the production distribution and sale of goods and service for a profit Business includes production ie the creation of products or the offer of services distribution sale and profit One good example is the conversion of iron ore into metal machine tool parts The machine tools made up of the various parts need to be moved from a factory to a market place or a machine dealership which is known as distribution The sale means the exchange of goods or services for money For example a machine tool is sold to someone in exchange for money or a mechanic offers a service by repairing a machine tool for money which we call sales
From the above we can say business is a combination of all these activities production distribution and sale through which profit or economic surplus will be created The major goal in functioning of any business company is to make profit the money that remains after all the expenses are paid So creating profit or economic surplus is a primary goal of business activities
2 What Is International Business什国际商务？
International business as a field of management training deals with the special features of business activities that cross national boundaries These activities may be movements of goods services capital or personnel transfers of technology information or data or even the supervision of employees International business has emerged as a separate branch of management training because the growing scale and complexity of business transactions across national boundaries gives rise to new and unique problems of management and governmental policy that have received inadequate attention in traditional areas of business and economics
Business transactions that extend between different sovereign political units are not new phenomena on the world economic scene Some business firms have had foreign direct investments and foreign operations for many years predominantly in (but not limited to) the fields of mining petroleum and agriculture Foreign trade moreover has a venerable history dating back to the emergence of the nationstate But since the end of World War II a dramatic change has occurred in the patterns of international business activities Thousands of business firms in many nations have developed into multinational enterprises with ownership control or other links that cross national boundaries These firms take a global view of all aspects of business from markets to resources and they integrate markets and production on a world scale Traditional international trade in the form of transactions between independent firms in different nations has continued to grow But the relative importance of trade in the total picture has declined to other forms of crossborder business transactions which have expanded more rapidly
The international business field is concerned with issues facing international companies and governments in dealing with all types of cross border business transactions The field encompasses international transactions in commodities international transfers of intangibles such as technology and data and the performance of international services such as banking and transportation It gives special attention to the multinational enterprise an enterprise based in one country and operating in one or more other countries and the full range of methods open to such enterprises for doing business internationally
3 The Scope of International Business Activities国际商务活动范围
The scope of international business covers a wide range of significant business sectors International transactions in physical goods involve products from mining petroleum agriculture and manufacturing activities Transactions in services are extensive in the construction hotel tourism business consulting retailing and wholesaling sectors in financial areas such as commercial and investment banking securities and insurance in air and ocean transportation and in communications media such as radio television telegraph telephone magazines books newspapers news services and movies Transactions in intangibles occur in fields such as technology trademarks and crossborder date transmission
Notes
1 production 生产
2 distribution 分配
3 profit 利润
4 sales 销售
5 economic surplus 济盈余
6 management 理
7 to give rise to 引起导致
8 inadequate 足充分
9 predominantly 数
10 integrate 成体合
11 decline 倾斜
12 to deal with 付应付处理
13 encompass 包含包括
14 commodities 商品农产品
15 scope 范围余
16 retail 零售卖
17 wholesale 批发趸售
国际商务概念
（）什商务？
传统商务仅指需物品交换贸易天商业更科学定义指利润进行货物劳务生产分配销售种活动商务包括生产产品创造劳务提供分配销售利润铁矿转化机床金属零件实例种零件组成机床需工厂运市场转移机械销商家知道分配程产品劳务交易成金钱销售例台机床卖某成交钱者机修工提供修理机床服务钱称销售
综述说商务指生产分配销售切活动组合通活动创造利润济盈余家商业公司商务活动目创造利润支付切开支余钱创造利润济盈余商业活动基目标
（二）什国际商务？
国际商务作理训练领域具跨国家边界商务活动专门特征活动商品服务资金活动技术信息者数转活动者甚雇员监督活动国际商务作理训练分支出现跨国界商业交易日益增长范围复杂性产生新特殊理问题政府政策问题问题没传统商业济领域里受足够注意
商务（商业交易）延伸权政治团体间世界济舞台新现象商业公司已事国外直接投资国外理许年（限）采矿石油农业领域然国外贸易单民族国家出现迄具悠久历史第二次世界战结束国际商务活动形式发生奇异变化许国家里成千万公司已发展成具控制权跨国界联系国企业企业持商业方面全球观点市场资源市场生产结合起发展世界规模传统国际贸易直国家独立公司间贸易形式中断发展整程中贸易重性已倾斜跨国商业形式更迅速发展起
国际商务领域涉种类型跨边界商业交易问题问题国际公司政府面解决问题领域包括商品国际交易技术数类形商品国际转国际服务实行银行交通中国际交易予国企业特殊关注谓国企业基设国家国家国家运作企业关注企业国际做生意整套方法
（三）国际商务活动范围
国际商务活动范围覆盖重商业部门广范围物质商品中国际交易涉矿产品石油产品农产品生产活动服务行业中交易扩建筑旅馆旅游商业洽谈零售批发部门财政领域中交易商业投资银行证券保险航空航海运输中交易通讯媒介方面交易收音机电视电报电话杂志书籍报纸新闻服务电影形商品交易发生技术商标跨国界资料传递样领域里
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The Concept of International Business
1 What Is Business什商务？
Traditionally business simply meant exchange or trade for things people wanted or needed but today it has a more technical definition which is the production distribution and sale of goods and service for a profit Business includes production ie the creation of products or the offer of services distribution sale and profit One good example is the conversion of iron ore into metal machine tool parts The machine tools made up of the various parts need to be moved from a factory to a market place or a machine dealership which is known as distribution The sale means the exchange of goods or services for money For example a machine tool is sold to someone in exchange for money or a mechanic offers a service by repairing a machine tool for money which we call sales
From the above we can say business is a combination of all these activities production distribution and sale through which profit or economic surplus will be created The major goal in functioning of any business company is to make profit the money that remains after all the expenses are paid So creating profit or economic surplus is a primary goal of business activities
2 What Is International Business什国际商务？
International business as a field of management training deals with the special features of business activities that cross national boundaries These activities may be movements of goods services capital or personnel transfers of technology information or data or even the supervision of employees International business has emerged as a separate branch of management training because the growing scale and complexity of business transactions across national boundaries gives rise to new and unique problems of management and governmental policy that have received inadequate attention in traditional areas of business and economics
Business transactions that extend between different sovereign political units are not new phenomena on the world economic scene Some business firms have had foreign direct investments and foreign operations for many years predominantly in (but not limited to) the fields of mining petroleum and agriculture Foreign trade moreover has a venerable history dating back to the emergence of the nationstate But since the end of World War II a dramatic change has occurred in the patterns of international business activities Thousands of business firms in many nations have developed into multinational enterprises with ownership control or other links that cross national boundaries These firms take a global view of all aspects of business from markets to resources and they integrate markets and production on a world scale Traditional international trade in the form of transactions between independent firms in different nations has continued to grow But the relative importance of trade in the total picture has declined to other forms of crossborder business transactions which have expanded more rapidly
The international business field is concerned with issues facing international companies and governments in dealing with all types of cross border business transactions The field encompasses international transactions in commodities international transfers of intangibles such as technology and data and the performance of international services such as banking and transportation It gives special attention to the multinational enterprise an enterprise based in one country and operating in one or more other countries and the full range of methods open to such enterprises for doing business internationally
3 The Scope of International Business Activities国际商务活动范围
The scope of international business covers a wide range of significant business sectors International transactions in physical goods involve products from mining petroleum agriculture and manufacturing activities Transactions in services are extensive in the construction hotel tourism business consulting retailing and wholesaling sectors in financial areas such as commercial and investment banking securities and insurance in air and ocean transportation and in communications media such as radio television telegraph telephone magazines books newspapers news services and movies Transactions in intangibles occur in fields such as technology trademarks and crossborder date transmission
Notes
1 production 生产
2 distribution 分配
3 profit 利润
4 sales 销售
5 economic surplus 济盈余
6 management 理
7 to give rise to 引起导致
8 inadequate 足充分
9 predominantly 数
10 integrate 成体合
11 decline 倾斜
12 to deal with 付应付处理
13 encompass 包含包括
14 commodities 商品农产品
15 scope 范围余
16 retail 零售卖
17 wholesale 批发趸售
国际商务概念
（）什商务？
传统商务仅指需物品交换贸易天商业更科学定义指利润进行货物劳务生产分配销售种活动商务包括生产产品创造劳务提供分配销售利润铁矿转化机床金属零件实例种零件组成机床需工厂运市场转移机械销商家知道分配程产品劳务交易成金钱销售例台机床卖某成交钱者机修工提供修理机床服务钱称销售
综述说商务指生产分配销售切活动组合通活动创造利润济盈余家商业公司商务活动目创造利润支付切开支余钱创造利润济盈余商业活动基目标
（二）什国际商务？
国际商务作理训练领域具跨国家边界商务活动专门特征活动商品服务资金活动技术信息者数转活动者甚雇员监督活动国际商务作理训练分支出现跨国界商业交易日益增长范围复杂性产生新特殊理问题政府政策问题问题没传统商业济领域里受足够注意
商务（商业交易）延伸权政治团体间世界济舞台新现象商业公司已事国外直接投资国外理许年（限）采矿石油农业领域然国外贸易单民族国家出现迄具悠久历史第二次世界战结束国际商务活动形式发生奇异变化许国家里成千万公司已发展成具控制权跨国界联系国企业企业持商业方面全球观点市场资源市场生产结合起发展世界规模传统国际贸易直国家独立公司间贸易形式中断发展整程中贸易重性已倾斜跨国商业形式更迅速发展起
国际商务领域涉种类型跨边界商业交易问题问题国际公司政府面解决问题领域包括商品国际交易技术数类形商品国际转国际服务实行银行交通中国际交易予国企业特殊关注谓国企业基设国家国家国家运作企业关注企业国际做生意整套方法
（三）国际商务活动范围
国际商务活动范围覆盖重商业部门广范围物质商品中国际交易涉矿产品石油产品农产品生产活动服务行业中交易扩建筑旅馆旅游商业洽谈零售批发部门财政领域中交易商业投资银行证券保险航空航海运输中交易通讯媒介方面交易收音机电视电报电话杂志书籍报纸新闻服务电影形商品交易发生技术商标跨国界资料传递样领域里
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