基单片机红外报警监控系统设计
摘
伴着济飞快发展科学技术发展速度令侧目着民生活水日趋提高家财产保护意识越越重越越家庭安装报警监控系统保护私财产身安全
众报警系统作红外报警监控系统高稳定性性赢广泛市场设计采STC89C52单片机STC89C52作系统核心进行系统设计体温恒定37度左右体会发射出特定波长红外线种红外线通HCSR501体红外传感器检测红外线信号会转化成电压信号通单片机信号进行系列处理会驱动控制声光报警电路进行报警设计HCSR501体感应模块进行探测HCSR501灵敏度高性强安装简单方便非常隐蔽容易发现
文设计完成红外报警监控系统普通报警监控系统抗干扰性更安装更方便成低廉现代家庭防盗报警佳选择
关键词 STC89C52报警电路HCSR501模块晶体振荡器
The design and implementation of Infrared alarm monitoring system based on SCM
Abstract
Along with the fast development of economy science and technologydevelopment speed is surprising With the people＇s living standards graduallyimprove everyone to his personal property protection consciousness is more and more heavy therefore more and more families have installed alarm monitoring system to the protection of private property and the people＇s ownpersonal safety
In many of the alarm system as infrared alarm monitoring system with its high stability and reliability to win broad market This design uses the STC89C52single chip STC89C52 as the core of this system to system design because of the constant temperature at 37 degrees so the body will emit a specific wavelength of infrared the infrared by detection of HCSR501 human body infrared sensor the infrared signal will be converted into voltage signal through the microcontroller to signal after a series of processing will drive controlacoustooptic alarming This design uses HCSR501 human body induction module to detect HCSR501 has the advantages of high sensitivity strong reliability simple and convenient installation and very subtle not easy be found
In this paper the design of the infrared alarm system alarm monitoring systemsthan ordinary better antijamming performance more convenient installation low cost is the best choice for the modern family antitheft alarm
Keywords STC89C52 alarm circuit HCSR501 modulecrystal oscillator
目 录
第1章 绪 1
11 引言 1
12 选题背景 1
第2章 红外报警监控系统基础知识 2
21 系统描述 2
22 STC89C52单片机 2
221 STC89C52单片机结构 3
222 STC89C52特点 4
223 STC89C52单片机基结构 5
23 HCSR501体感应模块 6
231 体感应模块工作原理： 7
232 HCSR501体红外感应模块电气参数 7
233 HCSR501体感应模块特性 8
234 体感应模块说明 8
235 HCSR501体感应器感应范围安装求 9
第3章 红外报警监控系统设计方案 10
31 红外报警监控系统设计思路 10
32 红外报警监控系统涉模块 10
321 系统电源模块 11
322 放电路 11
323 复位电路 12
324 时钟电路 12
325 蜂鸣器报警电路 13
326 LED指示电路 13
第4章 基单片机红外报警监控系统软件设计 14
41程序总体流程图 14
42 程序C语言编程 14
第5章 软件仿真 18
51 硬件调试 18
52 软件调试 19
53 系统调试 19
结 20
致 谢 21
参 考 文 献 22
附录A 译 文 23
STC89C52处理芯片 23
附录B 外文原文 32
第1章 绪
11 引言
着社会济发展科技断进步中电子技术发展速度令侧目短短十年里面电子产品渗透社会领域生活方面含电子产品影子电子技术产品简化生活方式着社会生产力发展社会信息化程度越越高切反促电子技术产品断高速发展电子产品更新换代节奏越越快8年前张SD卡容量128MB已达128GB令舌发展速度促电子技术应越越广泛越越民化说电子技术正点点断渗透进生活改变生活方式生活电子技术紧密结合起世界已离开电子技术
12 选题背景
改革开放中国济飞速发展民生活水达较高水准导致私财产保护意识断加强面科技发展盗窃方式层出穷防盗措施求越越高设计目实现预防盗窃予私财产生安全力保障
目前市面报警器存着许问题工作原理设计限制数报警器存着误报率高性低范围灵敏度低等问题外安装闭路监控电路防盗系统线路非常复杂安装技术求较高硬件成维护成太高适合般家庭中安装利广泛推广利设计采探测红外线红外传感器探测红外线见光系统高保密性隐蔽性广泛应报警防盗等安全等装置中探测区域旦体辐射出红外线体红外感应模块检测模块体辐射出红外线吸收通系列处理转变电压信号
设计系统STC89C52核心通组织报警电路HCSR501体感应模块复位电路部分组合成系统
第2章 红外报警监控系统基础知识
21 系统描述
设计STC89C52单片机核心设计红外报警监控系统果体红外传感器探测范围中检测体产生红外辐射时传感器会红外辐射信号进行系列转化转化会产生相应电信号继输出没里面运动检测区域时通体红外传感器输出信号低旦区域范围检测时传感器输出电信号立刻低电高电转换时高电信号输入单片机中信号会作单片机外部触发信号进行系列处理单片机部软件系列编程处理STC89C52单片机会输出控制信号信号控制报警电路进行报警设计电路结构信号检测电路复位电路STC89C52单片机报警执行电路组合成分析总结总体框图图21示：
复位电路
信号检测电路
放
CPUSTC89C52
执行报警电路
驱动
图21系统框图
22 STC89C52单片机
设计核心STC89C52单片机STC89C52宏晶公司生产款单片机性价非常高单片机高时钟工作频率够达惊80Mhz片Flash读程序存储器反复写入擦十万次SCT89C51兼容80C51引脚结构标准MCS51块单片机够做系统编程单芯片集成8位CPUISP闪存存储单元通计算机程序控制代码载单片机中样需特意买通编程器节省需开支速度更快
221 STC89C52单片机结构
宏晶生产STC89C52完全兼容传统8051单片机指令款低功耗高速超强抗干扰单片机
STC89C52四种封装形式：44针脚PLCCLQFPPQFP形式40针脚PDIP形式
图22 PDIP40引脚图
图23 PLCC44封引脚图
图24 LQFP44PQFP44引脚图
222 STC89C52特点
(1)精简指令集结构8051CPU
(2)工作电压：3455V
(3)工作频率范围：048MHz
(4)212K字节部应程序空间
(5)片集成512 字节RAM
(6)2327通IO端口IO 端口驱动力达20mA驱动力超55mA
(7)够系统中做面编程应程序需特殊程序通串口（P30P31）直接通电脑载单片机程仅仅需秒钟完成
(8)EEPROM 功
(9)门狗
(10)STC89C52中集成专复位电路
(11)载户程序时候选择应外部晶体 时钟者部RC 振荡器
(12)具两十六位定时器计数器
(13) 外部中断2路降中断低电触发中断断电外部提供低电触发中断唤醒中断
(14) PWM（4） PCA实现44外部中断定时器
(15)异步串行口（UART）
(16) SPI步通信端口模型模式
(17)075摄氏度温度范围够正常工作
223 STC89C52单片机基结构
STC89C52单片机集成CPU存储器定时计数器编程IO口中断系统串行接口等部分元器件组成微型户数成分部分元件通部总线互相连接起单片机基结构图25示
图25 STC89C52基结构图
23 HCSR501体感应模块
HCSR501体感应模块基红外线技术设计开发出动控制模块德国进口原装LHI778探头进行设计LHI778探头灵敏度高性强超低电压工作模式类动感应电器设备中广泛应动控制产品中尤干电池电源产品中应广泛HCSR501实物图图26示
图26 HCSR501体感应模块实物图
231 体感应模块工作原理：
体温恒定保持37摄氏度左右体会发出10um左右波长红外线体感应模块通lhi778探头检测发射红外工作通探头菲泥尔滤光片增强体说发射出红外线然增强红外线聚集红外感应源面般采热释电元件充红外感应源旦接收体红外辐射温度产生变化时候热释电元件部电荷会失衡外释放电荷释放出电荷通续电路时检测处理会产生报警信号执行报警
232 HCSR501体红外感应模块电气参数
体红外感应模块电气参数表21示
产品型号
HCSR501
工作电压
4520V直流电压
静态电流
50uA
电输出
高电33V低电0V
触发方式
H重复触发L重复触发
延时时间
5200S(调)制作范围零点秒十分钟
封锁时间
25S(默认)制作范围零点秒十秒
电路板尺寸
32毫米×24毫米
感应角度
100度锥角
工作温度
15 +70度
表21 HCSR501电器参数
233 HCSR501体感应模块特性
1LHI778探头目探测体辐射红外辐射波长敏感热释电元敏感范围应该10um左右波长
2探测准确性减少红外源干扰探头辐射面覆盖层菲泥尔滤光片控制环境探头干扰样做效果明显
3动红外探头里面会集成两热释电元两电元互相串联联两电元相反电极化方环境背景辐射两元件作样极化反相反产生释电效应会完全相互抵消掉探测器会输出信号
4旦LHI78探头检测区里面时候体红外辐射滤光片镜面进行聚焦聚焦热量分两热释电元件接收两元件接受热量两热释电元接收热量样热释电样热释电效应完全抵消掉电信号系列处理控制报警器报警
5菲泥尔滤光片会产生许试场进行监控会根性求产生感应距离果视场越说明报警孔子种子更加严密
234 体感应模块说明
1刚通电时候感应模块初始化时间概分钟左右段时间里面模块会间歇性输出03次分钟初始化时间模块进入机状态
2模块放灯光等干扰源附防止干扰源干扰产生错误信号模块时候应该量避免安装空气流动快方风方感应器会受定程度干扰
3模块采长方形窗口双元探头双元应该处长两端探测区域里面右边端左边端走时候红外光谱达两探头时间距离定差距差距越代表模块感应效果越灵敏底部顶部双元探测器没光谱变化会产生间隙会导致传感器误差安装时候量准体运动反想行方安装确保体探头时候探头双元感应
235 HCSR501体感应器感应范围安装求
图27 HCSR501感应范围
降低体感应器误报率安装时候点需特注意正确安装应满足列条件：
a模块应该离面2024米
b模块安装强气流方
c模块探测范围屏风型盆景类隔离物
d模块应该远离会产生热量物体空调冰箱等
第3章 红外报警监控系统设计方案
31 红外报警监控系统设计思路
单片机设计核心设计种单片机应系统应硬件软件两部分构成应系统设计程致分成总体设计硬件设计软件设计部分
毕业设计设计求目进行分析选单片机STC89C52STC89C52控电路中集成复位电路时钟电路够系统编程够程度节省硬件软件成够节约量时间简单实总体框图设计思路利软件PROTEL 99 SE设计总电路图图31示：
图31 报警器总电路图
32 红外报警监控系统涉模块
红外报警监控系统电路组成部分：系统电源指示灯STC89C52单片机复位电路放电路时钟点蜂鸣器报警电路LED指示电路
321 系统电源模块
设计采干电池进行供电电源系统电路图图32示
图32 电源指示灯模块
322 放电路
放电路作感应器产生微弱电流信号进行放处理电路图图33示：
图33 放电路
323 复位电路
复位电路作电路回角色初始状态工作原理计算机复位电路启动原理方法计算机样复位电路电路图图34示
图34 复位电路
324 时钟电路
时钟电路严格周期性振荡电路时钟电路组成包括电容晶振晶体振荡器时钟电路电路图图35示
图35 时钟电路
325 蜂鸣器报警电路
蜂鸣器接收高电时候进行报警提示进入探测区域没时候蜂鸣器工作报警电路电路图图36示
图36 蜂鸣器报警电路
326 LED指示电路
闯入探测区域里面时候蜂鸣器报警外LED指示电路开始工作通发光方式提醒闯入监控系统时拥声光两种报警方式报警器报警信号够更加明显LED指示电路电路图图37示
图37 LED指示电路
第4章 基单片机红外报警监控系统软件设计
41程序总体流程图
根述模块工作原理硬件结构设计系统流程图图411示：
图41 程序流程图
42 程序C语言编程
#include
void init() 定时器0初始化函数
sbit rtP1^1 定义体传感器输入引脚P11
sbit spkP2^7 定义蜂鸣器输出入引脚P07
sbit ledP2^0 定义报警指示灯输出引脚P27
int ijn 定义全局变量
long int t0 延时程序
void delay(int n)
{
for(i250i>0i)
for(jnj>0j)
}
main(void)
{
init() 定时器函数初始化
spk0 关闭蜂鸣器电会响
led1
while(1)
{
if(rt0)
{
for(n0n<20n++)
{
led~led 报警指示灯闪
spk0 蜂鸣器响
delay(50)
}
}
if(t>250)
{
led~led 工作状态灯停闪边工作正常
spk1
t0
}
} while(1)
} main
void init()
{
TMOD0X01 设置定时器0模式（16位计算模式）
TH0(6553610000)256 计数寄存器赋值50ms时间
TL0(6553610000)256
EA1 开启总中断
ET01 开启定时器0中断
TR01 启动定时器0
}
void timer() interrupt 1
{
TH0(6553610000)256 重新赋值50毫秒中断
TL0(6553610000)256
t++ t累加
意更改中断时间做精确脉发生器中断时间65536毫秒
}
第5章 软件仿真
软件硬件结合起调试模拟重程通调试仿真检验设计出系统性设计通软件Keil进行程序编写编译keil软件编译结果图51示
图51 KEIL编译结果
编译证明程序实际行
51 硬件调试
进行硬件调试排明显硬件错误根电路图制作出PCB板电路图应元器件逐连接检测连接正确然检测调试硬件部分确保接口正确然通仪器检测电路正确短路断路等错误存
52 软件调试
编制系统软件程序汇编软件程序进行编制程序变成器件里面执行目标代码根（子程序中断程序算法模块——程序）便调试前三步调试完成通程序前面三部分进行连接组合成体然进行整体调试通整体调试检查部分程序间会否相互突互相影响采逐步扩方法进行整体调试次增加模块直模块组合成整体位置样做处够更加简单发现里发生错误够更简单纠正错误果整体通调试检测说明设计软件基正确行
53 系统调试
软件调试通确保设计程序行进行系统调试
①讲电脑单片机开发板通串口线进行连接插电源线关闭开发板面电元开关
②开载软件STC_ISP
③开代码文件
④点击download钮进行载程序程序载单片机
⑤开电源开关单片机系统通电
结
系统设计核心芯片STC89C52红外报警监控系统设计具电路简单性高成低优点认济实家庭防盗报警系统方案
设计实践应性非常强课题设计产品化完全够进入实际市场应够受住严格实际环境验证进行细节修改许深入细致工作着社会进步科技日新月异发展住宅区智化现住宅必然发展方导致住宅区智化理系统安全智化求越越高
次设计完成软件硬件功模块设计进步设计开发功扩展坚实基础时间关系水限设计系统较简单功较单环境干扰实际情景工作状态考虑足方足功拓展日掌握更专业知识更加深入进行补充完善
致 谢
毕业设计程中导师 教授帮助提供相关资料文选题设计准备完成文撰写修改切切凝聚着导师巨心血衷班建民导师表示衷心感谢时感谢学校提供PC电脑种试验仪器等设施设计已利完成
寒窗载春花秋实学四年生中非常生阶段四年中学专业知识时方面力锻炼工作生活着影响通四年锻炼够容面社会挑战通次毕业设计学时学事情第次通努力专研年学理知识付诸实践说次宝贵历
感谢帮助学老师衷心祝愿位身体健康万事意
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[8] 郁文传感器原理工程应[M]西安电子科技学出版社2008
[9] 文孔庆彦C语言程序设计[M]机械工业出版社2009
[10] 周景润PROTEUS入门实教程[M]机械工业出版社2009
[11] 张瑾 电路设计制板：Protel 99SE入门提高[M]民邮电出版社2007
[12] 郭天祥新概念51单片机C语言教程[M]中国水利水电出版社2009
附录A 译 文
STC89C52处理芯片
首性：
MCS51单片机产物兼容 8K字节系统编程Flash存储器 1000次擦写周期全静态操作：0Hz～33Hz 三级加密程序存储器 32编程IO口线 三16位定时器计数器 八间断源全双职工UART串行通道 低功耗空闲掉电模式 掉电间断唤醒 门狗定时器 双数值指针 掉电标识符
功效特性描述：
STC89C52 种低功耗高性CMOS8位微控制器具 8K 系统编程Flash 存储器高密度非易失性存储器技术制造工业80C51 产物指令引脚完全兼容片Flash允许程序存储器系统编程适常规编程器单芯片拥灵巧8 位CPU 线系统编程Flash患STC89C52众嵌入式控制应系统提供高矫捷超解决方案 STC89C52具标准功效： 8k字节Flash256字节RAM 32 位IO 口线门狗定时器2 数值指针三16 位 定时器计数器6量2级间断结构全双职工串行口 片晶振钟表电路外AT89S52 降0Hz静态逻辑操作支持2种软件选择节电模式空闲模式CPU 停止工作允许RAM定时器计数器串口间断继续工作掉电保护体式格局RAM容生存振动器冻结单片机切工作停止直间断者硬件复位止8 位微控制器 8K字节系统编程 Flash AT89S52
P0 口：P0口8位漏极开路双IO口作输出口位驱动8TTL逻辑电P0端口写1时引脚作高阻抗输入
访问外部程序数值存储器时P0口作低8位址数值复种模式 P0具部拉电阻
flash编程时P0口吸收指令字节程序校验时输出指令字节程序校验时需外部拉电阻
P1 口：P1 口具部拉电阻8 位双IO 口p1 输出缓器驱动四 TTL 逻辑电P1 端口写1时部拉电阻端口拉高时作输入口作输入时外部拉低引脚部电阻原输出电流（IIL）
外P10P12分作定时器计数器2外部计数输入（P10T2）时器计数器2 触发输入（P11T2EX）具体表示 flash编程校验时P1口吸收低8位址字节
引脚号第二功效：
P10 T2（定时器计数器T2外部计数输入）钟表输出
P11 T2EX（定时器计数器T2捕捉重载触发信号方控制）
P15 MOSI（线系统编程）
P16 MISO（线系统编程）
P17 SCK（线系统编程）
P2 口：P2 口具部拉电阻8 位双IO 口P2 输出缓器驱动四 TTL 逻辑电P2 端口写1时部拉电阻端口拉高时作输入口作输入时外部拉低引脚部电阻原输出电流（IIL）
访问外部程序存储器者16位址读取外部数值存储器（例执行MOVX @DPTR） 时P2 口送出高八位址种应中P2 口强部拉发送1 8位址（MOVX @RI）访问外部数值存储器时P2口输出P2锁存器容flash编程校验时P2口吸收高8位址字节控制信号
P3 口：P3 口具部拉电阻8 位双IO 口p2 输出缓器驱动四 TTL 逻辑电P3 端口写1时部拉电阻端口拉高时作输入口作输入时外部拉低引脚部电阻原输出电流（IIL） P3口作AT89S52特殊功效（第二功效）表示flash编程校验时P3口吸收控制信号
端口引脚第二功效：
P30 RXD(串行输入口)
P31 TXD(串行输出口)
P32 INTO(外间断0)
P33 INT1(外间断1)
P34 TO(定时计数器0)
P35 T1(定时计数器1)
P36 WR(外部数值存储器写选通)
P37 RD(外部数值存储器读选通)
外P3口吸收FLASH闪存编程程序校验控制信号
RST——复位输入：振动器工作时RST引脚出现两机器周期高电单片机复位
ALEPROG——访问外部程序存储器者数值存储器时ALE（址锁存允许）输出脉锁存址低8位字节般情况ALE钟表振动频率16输出固定脉信号外输出钟表者定时目注重：访问外部数值存储器时跳ALE脉
FLASH存储器编程期间该引脚输入编程脉（PROG）
必通特殊功效寄存器（SFR）区中8EH单位D0位置位禁止ALE操作该位置位条MOVXMOVC指令气ALE激活外该引脚会微弱拉高单片机执行外部程序时应设置ALE禁止位效
PSEN——程序储存允许（PSEN）输出外部程序存储器读选通信号AT89C52外部程序存储器取指令（者数值）时机器周期两次PSEN输出两脉期间访问外部数值存储器跳两次PSEN信号
EAVPP——外部访问允许欲CPU仅访问外部程序存储器（址0000HFFFFH）EA端必须保持低电（接）需注重：果加密位LB1编程复位时部会锁存EA端状态
EA端高电（接Vcc端）CPU执行部程序存储器指令
FLASH存储器编程时该引脚加+12V编程允许电源Vpp然必须该部件12V编程电压Vpp
通毕业设计提高理联系实际解决实际问题力提高接口技术等相关硬件知识深入理解掌握8051控制字设置工作方式编程原理微机接口方法加深理解逐次逼法模数转换器特征工作原理掌握ADC0809接口方法AD输入程序设计调试方法
众周知现企业工厂家庭基实现动化智化设备样者提供极方便智化处理单元代思维操作控制外部设备工作
继电器典型实例（现代动化控制设备中存电子电气电路互相联结问题方面电子电路控制信号够控制电气电路执行元件(电动机 电磁铁电灯等)方面电子电路电气提供良电隔离 保护电子电路身安全电子继电器便完成桥梁作）
该设计体现智方面断改变模拟量达控制电器电动机工作目具体：808608098255等核心芯片路模拟量模拟现实物理量通0809进行采集根模拟量输入进控制LED指示灯继电器电机动作熟悉微型计算机出现量类社会带入新时代单片微型计算机（简称单片机）中扮演着十分重角色工业控制数采集仪器仪表动化等许领域起着十分重作熟悉80C51系列单片机核心系统介绍结构原理应技术容包括单片机基础知识结构原理指令系统汇编语言程序设计单片机部行口应中断技术定时计数技术串行通信技术系统扩展技术ADDA转换器接口单片机应开发技术等知识 着电子技术计算机技术发展单片机技术已成计算机技术独特分支民工业测控等领域广泛应单片机具体积功强性高价格低方便系统设计灵活等特点目前单片机控制系统正空前速度取代着传统电子控制系统学单片机掌握设计技术已成代学生工程技术员必备技企业迫切需量熟练掌握单片机技术开发应维护理单片机控制系统高级工程技术员
系统采单片机实现远程路数采集监测实践双机远端单片机控制路数采集器单片机控制远端单片机双机通讯RS232C标准进行通软硬件调试该系统实现数处理数显示键盘输入系统报警等工作试验证明系统行
计算机广泛应天数采集重性十分显著数采集指传感器测设备等模拟数字测单元中动采集信息程数采集系统结合基计算机测量软硬件产品实现灵活户定义测量系统计算机外部物理世界连接桥梁种类型信号采集难易程度差实际采集时噪声带麻烦数采集时基原理注意更实际问题解决
系统采双CPU 控制机机CPU单片机CPU负责采集七路数时应答CPU发送命令CPU进行数处理数显示键盘输入系统报警语音播报通道电压值CPUCPU通讯中采国际标准RS232C接口线少（两根）系统实现种具语音播报语音提示高性高智实型远距离路数采集系统
工业测量系统常常必须信号源信号进行数字化处理采种方式实现种处理模拟路复器(MUX)8模拟传感器输入信号中进行选择然MUX输出信号馈送信号调节放器信号调节放器输出信号馈送模数转换器(ADC)目前普遍采集成路复器ADCIC购买分离元件
系统功
1实现现场模拟信号产生器通制正弦波信号发生器利变电阻改变振荡频率频率200Hz～2kHz范围变化频率电压变换输出相应1～5v直流电压（200Hz应1v2kHz应5v）
2路数采集器数采集器第路输入制0V～5V直流电压第2～7路分输入直流源5V4V3V2V1V0V直流电压（路输入分压器产生求精度）路模拟信号分转换成8位二进制数字信号串变换电路串行码送入传输线路
3控器通串行传输线路路数进行 采集显示采集方式包括循环采集（1路2路……7路1路……）选择采集（选路）二种方式显示部分时显示址相应数
4机实现语音操作提示播放通道电压功障报警功
设计前准备工作
研制者接某项务进行具体设计前般需先进行列工作：
1行性调研
行性调研目分析完成项目性进行方面工作参考国外关资料否进行类似工作果分析进行方面工作什优点缺点什值鉴果没需作进步调研时重点应放否实现环节首先理进行分析探讨实现性 求客观条件否具备(环境测试手段仪器设计资金等)然结合实际情况决定否立项问题
2系统总体方案设计
进行行性调研果立项步工作系统总体方案设计工作重点应放该项目技术难度时参考方面更详细更具体资料根系统部分实现功参考国外类产品性提出合理行技术指标编写出设计务书完成系统总体方案设计
3设计方案细化确定软硬件功
旦总体方案决定步工作该项目细化需明确部分硬件完成 部分软件完成硬件结构软件方案会相互影响简化电路结构降低成减少障率提高系统灵活性通性方面考虑提倡软件实现功软件完成应考虑软件代硬件实质降低系统实时性增加处理进行代价软件设计费研制周期增加系统软硬件功分配应根系统求实际情况合理安排统考虑确定软硬件功基础设计者工作开始涉毓具体问题仪器体积具体技术指标相应硬件实现方案软件总体规划等确定员分工安排工作进度规定接口参数必须考虑硬件软件具体设计问题
讨具体设计问题前里强调具体应系统设计面部分工作必少否导致设计方案整体更改甚导致方案法实现造成力物力浪费点设计讲应加倍注意
单片机应系统硬件设计包括两部分容：单片机系统扩展部分设计包括存储器扩展接口扩展存储器扩展指EPROMEEPROMRAM扩展接口扩展指825581558279功器件扩展二功模块设计信号测量功模块信号控制功模块机话功模块通诚讯功模块等根系统功求配置相应ADDA键盘显示器印机等外围设备
进行应系统硬件设计时首问题确定电路总体方案需进行详细技术证谓硬件电路总体设计实现该项目全部基功需硬件电气连线原理图初次接触方面工作设计员急求设计总体方案愿花更时间促开始制版调试种方法仅妥偿失效硬件系统讲电路部分紧密相关互相协调部分电路考虑充分会部分带难预料影响轻系统整体结构受破坏重导致硬件总体返工造成手果想知希设计者吝啬总体方案花时间时间硬件设计绝部分工作量初方案设计阶段设计方案会事半功倍效果旦总体方案确定步工作会利进行需作部分修改基础进行完善工作会造成整体返工
进行硬件总体方案设计时涉具体电路鉴方面进行工作调试考验电路具定合理性(电路常教科书手册提供电路完全致正验)果基础结合设计目进行修改种简便快捷做法然电路需设计完全搬太参考电路时需工作原理较透彻分析理解根工作机理解适范围确定移植性需修改方关键性尚完全理解电路需仔细分析设计前先进行试验确定部分电路正确性性精度等方面进行考验尤模拟电路部分更需进行方面工作
硬件设计合理根验系统电路设计应注意方面：
1选择标准化模块化典型电路提高设计成功率结构灵活性
2条件允许情况选功强集成度高电路芯片采种器件代某部分电路仅元件数量接插件相互连线减少系统性增加成元件实现电路低
3注意选择通性强市场货源充足元器件尤需批量生产场合更应注意方面问题优点：旦某种元器件法获元器件直接换电路稍作改动器件代
4硬件系统总体结构考虑时样注意通性问题较复杂系统设计者希模块化中曲控制单元输入接口输出接口机接口等分块进行设计然采定边接方式组合成完整系统种情况连接方式显非常重时选通接口方式采STD总线结构PC总线结构GPIB总线结构等总线结构边接目前应较广泛少厂家已开发出适合总线结构接口板输入板输出板AD板等必情况选现成模块板作系统部分成偏高会缩短研制周期提高工作效率然特殊情况系统场合户必须行设计接口定义连线方式时注意接口协议旦接口方式确定模块设计者应遵守该接口方式
5系统扩展功模块设计满足应系统功求基础应适留余备修改扩展需实际电路设计次成功作修改情况少果设计初未留余期点改动扩展迫进行全面返工举例说进行ROM扩展时量选2764芯片样仅升级方便成会降低进行RAM扩展时系统升级增加存方便系统RAM空间应留足位置怕设计RAM插座插芯片进行IO口扩展时应出定余量样时增加测量通道控象极方便
附录B 外文原文
STC89C52 processing chip
Prime features
With MCS 51 SCM product compatibility 8K bytes in the system programmable Flash memory 1000 times CaXie cycle the static operation 0Hz ~ 33Hz triple encryption program memory 32 programmed IO port three 16 timercounter the eight uninterrupted dualcareer UART serial passage low power consumption leisure and fall after fall electric power mode can be awakened and continuous watchdog timer and doublenumber pointer power identifier
Efficacy characteristics
STC89C52 is one kind of low power consumption high CMOS8 bit microcontroller 8K in system programmable Flash memory Use highdensity nonvolatile storage technology and industrial 80C51 product instruction and pin fully compatible The Flash memory chips allows programs in the system also suitable for programmable conventional programming In a single chip have clever 8 bits CPU and online system programmable Flash increase STC89C52 for many embedded control system to provide high vigorous application and useful solutions STC89C52 has following standard efficacy 8k byte Flash RAM 256 bytes 32 IO port the watchdog timer two three pointer numerical 16 timercounter a 6 vector level 2 continuous structure the serial port working within crystals and horological circuit In addition 0Hz AT89S52 can drop to the static logic operation support two software can choose power saving mode Idle mode the CPU to stop working and allows the RAM timercounters serial continuous to work Protection asana pattern RAM content is survival vibrators frozen SCM until all the work under a continuous or hardware reset 8bit microcontrollers 8K bytes in the system programmable Flash AT89S52 devices
Mouth P0 P0 mouth is a twoway open drain IO As export each can drive eight TTL logic level For P0 port to write 1 foot as the high impedance input
When access to external programs and numerical memory also known as low P0 mouth eight addressnumerical reuse In this mode with the internal P0 resistor
In the flash when programming also used for P0 mouth absorb instruction bytes In the process the output command byte calibration When the program requires external calibration on pullup resistors
Mouth P1 mouth P1 is an internal resistance of the eight twoway IO buffers can drive P1 output four TTL logic level To write 1 P1 port the internal resistance to port can push as input mouth When used as input external and internal foot because of low resistance will output current (IIL)
In addition P10 and P12 respectively timercounter 2 external counting input (P10 T2) and when the trigger editorcounter P11 input (2) specific T2EXare shown below In programming and calibration flash P1 mouth absorb eight address low byte
Efficacy the foot
P10 T2 (timercounter T2 external counting input) clock output
P11 T2EX (timercounter T2 captureoverloaded triggered signals and direction control)
P15 MOSI (with) online system programming
P16 MISO (with) online system programming
P17 SCK (with) online system programming
Mouth P2 P2 mouth is an internal resistance of the eight twoway IO buffers and P2 output can drive four TTL logic level To write 1 P2 port the internal resistance to port can push as input mouth When used as input external and internal foot because of low resistance will output current (IIL)
In the external program memory access or use 16bit external numerical memory address read (for example MOVX execution DPTR @) P2 mouth send out high 8 address In this application P2 mouth on the internal use strong pull send 1 In using 8bit address (such as MOVX @ RI) access to external numerical memory P2 mouth output P2 latches content In programming and calibration flash P2 mouth also absorb high eight address byte and some control signal
P3 a P3 mouth on the inside of the eight twoway pullup resistors IO buffers can drive p2 output four TTL logic level For P3 port to write 1 the internal resistance to port can push as input mouth When used as input external and internal foot because of low resistance will output current (IIL) P3 mouth AT89S52 special functions (also as the second efficacy) are shown below In programming and calibration flash also absorb some P3 mouth control signals
Port pin second efficacy
P30 RXD (serial input)
P31 TXD (serial export)
P32 INTO the discontinuous (0)
P33 INT1 (1) the discontinuous
P34 (timecounter TO 0)
P35 T1 (1) timecounter
P36 WR (external numerical memory write for)
P37 RD (external numerical memory read for)
In addition also absorb some used in mp3 mouth FLASH memory programming and calibration of program control signals
RST reset input when the vibrator RST pin appeared two machine cycle above high level will be reset the chip
ALEPROG when access to external program memory or numerical memory ALE (address latch allow) output pulses are used to latch address of low eight bytes Normally ALE with clock frequencies are 16 output pulse signal with fixed so it can be used for the purpose or output clocks Timing Those who want an attention is whenever access to external numerical memory will skip a ALE pulse
For FLASH memory programming this pin is used for input programming pulse () PROG
If necessary but through special effect to the zone registers (SFR) 8EH D0 position the unit can be banned ALE operations This position is a bit MOVX and MOVC instructions will be activated ALE In addition the foot will be weak execute external program MCU hign should be banned a void Set ALE
PSEN program storage PSEN allowed (output is outside of the program memory read choose communication by external program memory when taking AT89C52 instructions (or) each machine cycle PSEN twice two pulse output is useful during this period when access to external numerical memory will skip PSEN twice
EAVPP external access permission to make the CPU only access to external program memory (address for 0000H FFFFH) EA end must remain low level (ground) Should notice is if a LB1 is encrypted reset when programming will latch EA end
As for the high level of the EA (VCCS) the CPU is the implementation of the program memory internal instructions
FLASH memory when programming this pin plus + 12 v programming allow power Vpp of course that is the part is used to Vpp voltage 12V programming
Actual problem ability contacting actual solving by the fact that graduation practice improves theory Going deep into waiting for relevance hardware knowledge to interface technology understands rise Have 8279＇s control words interposition mechanics programming principle and PC interface method in hand Deepen the characteristic and operating principle understanding the successive approximation law modulus converter＇s have the ADC0809 interface method and AD input program design in hand and test method It is known to all that not caring now is enterprise a factory is still a family having realized an automation mainly be that a little intellectualized equipment has been used such has been provided immense going to the lavatory to the user Thought and operation intellectualized being to have let treatment element replace person come to control the outside equipment job
The relay is that a representative example (modern times automates to have circuital mutual a electron and electricity linkup problem in control system one side needs to make the electronic circuit pilot signal be able to control the circuital electricity implementation component (electric motor electromagnet electric lamp etc) Electricity being going to be an electronic circuit again on one hand provide fine electricity isolation to protect the electronic circuit and person＇s safety the electron relay just can accomplish this one bridge effect) Should design the aspect being to have embodied a little intelligence Come to reach the purpose reaching electrical equipment the electric motor job under the control of changing simulation amounts unceasingly Be concretely The chip centering on 8086 0809 8255 grades uses single file to simulate the amounts coming to simulate real physics the amounts to carry out acquisition by 0809 in the light of different entering and the person size simulating amounts and then the action controlling LED guiding lights relay electric motor
Know well that the microcomputer appearing draws Da Liang Shi Yong with human society as well as having entered a new times The monolithic microcomputer (be called the monolithic machine for short) is all playing very important role in a lot of fields such as being acting as very important role among them automating in industrial control data collect and instrument appearance Have known well that the C51 series monolithic machine is core with 80 system has introduced whose structure principle and applied technique Main content including monolithic machine ABC structure and principle instruction system assembly language programming monolithic machine inside parallel application interruption technology regular time counting technology serial communicate by letter technology system extended technology AD and DA converter interface monolithic machine apply and develop technology and so on knowledge With the development of electron technology and computer art the monolithic machine technology already becomes a distinctive branch of computer art industry test control waits for a field to have got broad application in civil sum
The monolithic machine is had volume is small the function is strong reliability is tall price hangs down usage designs that convenient and systematic nimbly to wait for a characteristic At present monolithic machine navar is substituting tradition electronic control system with unparalleled speed Technical ability that the engineers and technicians who studies the monolithic machine and grasps the person designing that the usage technology already becomes the present age college student and a few must prepare for many enterprise requires that a great quantity is skilled urgently grasping the monolithic machine technology can develop apply the engineers and technicians who manages monolithic machine navar high level and defend together This system has adopt the monolithic machine to realize the multipath longrange data collect and monitor this practice has used two machine the far end monolithic machine has controlled the multipath data collect implement the monolithic machine has controlled the far end monolithic machine local place communication has carried out two machine with RS232C standard debugging passing soft hardware owing system jobs evidence system such as treatment data display keyin and system warning being able to realize a data is feasible
In computer extensive use data collect significance is very notable today Simulations and figures such as the data being collected being being to refer to the secondary sensor and other wait for measuring equipment is measured the process collecting information voluntarily in the element The data collect system is certainly definition consumer measurement system coming true nimbly coming soft hardware product combining with computerbased measurement It is the bridge that the computer and the outside physics world link Various type signal collect difference difficult to exchange degree is very big Noise also may bring about a few when reality is collected inconvenient Some basal principle needs to pay attention to when data collect still has more actual problems needing to solve
System adopt capital pair of CPU control the lead plane uses with being from the machine CPU the monolithic machine Data being responsible for collecting seven roads from CPU respond to the order that host CPU dispatches at the same time Host CPU carries out a data handling the data display keyin system give an alarm pronunciation broadcasts the voltage value reporting passage In host CPU and the communication from CPU adopt the international standard RS232C interface and use gleam to be short most (need only two System has realized remote multipath one kind of the pragmatic type having pronunciation broadcasting newspaper highperformance high intelligence that pronunciation hint data collect systemIndustry measurement system often must handle to coming from many signal source signals carrying out digitization coming to realize this handling but adopt several kinds way And then simulate multipath multiplex implement (MUX) making one＇s option in the entering signal coming from 8 simulation sensors MUX makes a present of the output signal giving signal adjustment an amplifier the signal adjusts an amplifier that the output signal is made a present of giving a modulus converter (ADC) But IC adopt integrated multipath multiplex implement and ADC at present commonly also can a purchase the component parting for
System function 1 realizes the scene analog signal producing an implement is to pass the
selfrestraint one sine wave generator make use of sillster to change oscillating frequencymessenger frequency changes in 200 Hz ~ 2 kHz range 1 v shifting last (200 Hz correspondence exporting 1 ~ 5 corresponding vs direct current pressure again after frequency voltage 2 kHz are corresponding 5 vs) 2 road data collect implement data collect implement the first roads entering selfrestraint 0 V ~ 5 V direct current pressure 2nd ~ 7 roads import 5 V 4 V 3 V 2 V 1 V 0 V direct current pressure coming from the directcurrent source respectively (every road imports but not demanding accuracy from mark pressure implement creation) The analog signal changes every road respectively becoming 8 binary digit signals in classics and the circuit varying string use serial code to send in the transmission circuit
3 the master control implement collects and shows by the fact that the serial transmission circuitis in progress to every road data Collect way collecting (namely 1 roads 2 roads including cycling 7 roads 1 roads ) And choose acquisition (let choose a single file) two species way Demonstrate the can demonstrate address at the same time and corresponding data of part 4 the lead plane realizes pronunciation handling a hint and broadcasts every passage the voltage function malfunction give an alarm functionDesign that front preparation job develops person after receiving some item missions need in general carrying out the following job first before the concrete design being in progress 1 feasibility the purposesurveying feasibility surveying is to analyse the possibility accomplishing this project The job carrying out this aspect＇s may consult home and abroad in connection with the data looks at if somebody had carried out the similar job If having may analyse others then is the job how to carry out this aspect what merits and demerits to have what have to be to be worth drawing lessons If not needing then doing surveying going a step further in priority now Ying Fang whether can realize this link first analyse discuss the possibility coming true from being in progress theoretically what be demanded if objective condition have (means the instrument design that the fund waits if the environment tests) and then be tied in wedlock reality the problem to whether can set up a project to decide again 2 the system overall plan designs design surveying the queen being a system overall plan if being able to set up a project will work next step in the feasibility being in progress
May consult this on one hand detailed more concrete data on the priority Ying Fang technology degree of difficulty working in that project now the function consulting home and abroad the samekind product brings forward the rational but feasible technology index compile and compose out design specification accomplish system overall plan design thereby according to the systematic different part and the function needing to come true
Design plan thin melt 3ascertains soft hardware function once the overall plan decides down job next step is to will owe a project thin melt needs namely making clear that which part uses hardware to come to be completed which part uses software to come to be completed Therefore since the hardware structure and the software scheme may influence each otheraspect thinks from flexibility and General Availability facilitating the circuit structure cost reduction cutting down a fault rate raising system the function encouraging a software to be able to come true comes to be completed as far as possible from the software But also should think that the essence replacing a hardware with the software being to reduce system real time nature increases by handling the price being in progress being＇s the software designs that cost lead time will also increase by and therefore the systematic soft hardware function assignment responds to according to the systematic request and reality but the rational arrangement unification think On the basis ascertaining the soft hardware function designer＇s job starts the concrete problem dealing with one Yu right away if the instrument volume and the master plan with the hardware realization scheme software that the concrete technology index responds to relatively etcBehind ascertaining personnel division of work laying on job schedule regulation the interface parameter will must think that hardware the software concre have designed a problem is discussing this wants to emphasize an once too the front here designing a problem concretely that this several parts work above is essential otherwise the entirety may lead to a design plan changes possibility leads to even a scheme to have no way to realize the dissipation bringing about manpower and material resources to a concrete application system design To some extent with regard to this designs that De Lai talks should pay attention to twice as much A monolithic machine application system hardware design includes two most content
The monolithic machine system expansion part designs that first It expands including that memory expanding and preparing an interface That the expansion interface pointing to EPROM EEPROM and RAM expand the memory expansion is to point to 8255 8155 8279 and other function component expansion Two is every function module design Controlling the function module the manmachine conversation function module exchanging the sincere message function module if the signal measures the function module the signal and so on demands to deploy ancillary equipment such as corresponding AD DA keyboard display printer according to system function ascertain the circuital overall plan needs the demonstration carrying out the detailed technology together Socalled circuital hardware population is designed is to be to be to realize the electricity company line principle picture owing possessions needed by all fundamental project functions hardware The first time contact this aspect job design personnel sometimes be anxious to ask begin to make plate and debug in designing that the overall plan mounts more reluctant flower time he urges a field excessively This method not only no appropriate and sometimes be an effect lose more than gain Circuital every part is a rapid and intense relevance is in harmony each other because of the hardware system comes to talk right awayany part of circuit＇s considers insufficiency that the city brings the effect hard to predict to effect hard to predict other part makes the system entirety structure be destroyed gently then weight is that population is big fruit the hand doing poorly done work over again bringing about from this being to be imaginable lead to hardware Therefore we hope that the designer is not more stingy than on the overall plan the institute spends time Judging from time the good sometimes in initial scheme design stage one design plan of hardware design most amount of work sometimes is able to have the effect getting twice the result with half the effort Job next step is only capable to do proceeding as planned and without a hitch very much revise even if needing to do a part once the overall plan ascertains that downa few being in progress also only here on the basis perfect the entirety working but being able to not bring about doing poorly done work over again When the overall plan in the hardware being in progress is designed the what be related that to concrete circuit may use the job that others carries out in this respect for reference Sometimes have certain rationality because of the circuit have debuged and testing process others (this also may exactly be experience location although these circuits are often no completely consistent with the circuit providing on the textbook and the handbook) Revise if carrying out a few combining with self design purpose here on the basisbe that one kind is simple and convenient rapid method of work The circuit needs self design certainly a little bit copying completely is not very possible pi deceives to comfort the emergency quail saying the male plait fertilizer guaranteeing requiring the principle working to the person to have more incisive analysis and understand that knows whose applicability according to whose job mechanism ascertains the possibility that the person transplants and the place needing to revise thereby To the circuit that some critical Buddhist monks understand no completelyneed careful analysis And carry out an experiment before design first to ascertain this circuital part correctness job carrying out the ordeal especially dummy load part needing the aspect carrying out this more in aspect such as reliability and accuracy That is makes the hardware design as far as possible rational is based on experience systematic wiring design should pay attention to several the following aspect 1 chooses as far as possible standardizing the modularized model is circuital improve the success rate designing that and architectural flexibility 2 goes down in allowable condition of condition select and use a function as far as possible strong high circuit of integration level or chip Because of adopt this component to may replace some parts of circuit not only component quantity connector assembly and mutual company line fall off messenger system reliability increases by and cost sometimes is lower than using the circuit that the component realizes muchly to be than3 pays attention to choosing the strong plentiful of marketplace source of goods component of General Availability problem should pay attention to this aspect especially more to the occasion needing mass production Whose merit is Once certain kind of component has no way to gain also can use other component to substitute directly or to do slightly to the circuit changing the queen using other component to replace 4 is in when population structure thinks to hardware system same need to pay attention to the General Availability problem To a more complicated system the designer sometimes hopes with whose modularization be that the centring bend controls an element the halving piece importing an interface exporting the interface manmachine interface carries out a entire system designing and then adopt certain edge taking over way that whose combination is become The way in such circumstances linking up appears very important right away may select and use GPI way sometimes if adopt STD highway structure PC highway structure GPIB highway structure etcBecause of the edge to these highways structure takes over the comparison applying at presentMany manufacturer already develops out being suitable to the interface board in these highways structure exporting board AD board if importing board and so on Under necessary situation select and use readymade module board being the systematic part be able to shorten lead time greatly raise working efficiency although cost is partial to height a little bit Certainly in some special case and minor systematic occasionthe consumer must design an interface by self define company line way Need to pay attention to the interface agreement now the module designer should observe that interface way one by one once the interface way ascertains that down allowing some leeway to prepare for future to revise expanding on the basis satisfying the application system functional requirement In fact the circuit designs a success but not doing the condition that any revises is very few＇s do poorly done work over again all round if being forced to be in progress in leeway later stage designing that has not had any left for the first time probably because of to some extent little changing or expansion Select and use 2764 the above chips for example when carrying out ROM expansion to the full such escalates not only in the future going to the lavatory the meeting also reduces cost During the period of the expansion carrying out RAM go to the lavatory for using system promotion or increasing memory systematic RAM space should reserve enough location do not insert a chip well even though designing one RAM socket more than normal During the period of the expansion carrying out the IO mouth also should be given to a certain margin out such has gone to the lavatory extremely to the passage or controlled member increasing a little measurement for a short time
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摘
伴着济飞快发展科学技术发展速度令侧目着民生活水日趋提高家财产保护意识越越重越越家庭安装报警监控系统保护私财产身安全
众报警系统作红外报警监控系统高稳定性性赢广泛市场设计采STC89C52单片机STC89C52作系统核心进行系统设计体温恒定37度左右体会发射出特定波长红外线种红外线通HCSR501体红外传感器检测红外线信号会转化成电压信号通单片机信号进行系列处理会驱动控制声光报警电路进行报警设计HCSR501体感应模块进行探测HCSR501灵敏度高性强安装简单方便非常隐蔽容易发现
文设计完成红外报警监控系统普通报警监控系统抗干扰性更安装更方便成低廉现代家庭防盗报警佳选择
关键词 STC89C52报警电路HCSR501模块晶体振荡器
The design and implementation of Infrared alarm monitoring system based on SCM
Abstract
Along with the fast development of economy science and technologydevelopment speed is surprising With the people＇s living standards graduallyimprove everyone to his personal property protection consciousness is more and more heavy therefore more and more families have installed alarm monitoring system to the protection of private property and the people＇s ownpersonal safety
In many of the alarm system as infrared alarm monitoring system with its high stability and reliability to win broad market This design uses the STC89C52single chip STC89C52 as the core of this system to system design because of the constant temperature at 37 degrees so the body will emit a specific wavelength of infrared the infrared by detection of HCSR501 human body infrared sensor the infrared signal will be converted into voltage signal through the microcontroller to signal after a series of processing will drive controlacoustooptic alarming This design uses HCSR501 human body induction module to detect HCSR501 has the advantages of high sensitivity strong reliability simple and convenient installation and very subtle not easy be found
In this paper the design of the infrared alarm system alarm monitoring systemsthan ordinary better antijamming performance more convenient installation low cost is the best choice for the modern family antitheft alarm
Keywords STC89C52 alarm circuit HCSR501 modulecrystal oscillator
目 录
第1章 绪 1
11 引言 1
12 选题背景 1
第2章 红外报警监控系统基础知识 2
21 系统描述 2
22 STC89C52单片机 2
221 STC89C52单片机结构 3
222 STC89C52特点 4
223 STC89C52单片机基结构 5
23 HCSR501体感应模块 6
231 体感应模块工作原理： 7
232 HCSR501体红外感应模块电气参数 7
233 HCSR501体感应模块特性 8
234 体感应模块说明 8
235 HCSR501体感应器感应范围安装求 9
第3章 红外报警监控系统设计方案 10
31 红外报警监控系统设计思路 10
32 红外报警监控系统涉模块 10
321 系统电源模块 11
322 放电路 11
323 复位电路 12
324 时钟电路 12
325 蜂鸣器报警电路 13
326 LED指示电路 13
第4章 基单片机红外报警监控系统软件设计 14
41程序总体流程图 14
42 程序C语言编程 14
第5章 软件仿真 18
51 硬件调试 18
52 软件调试 19
53 系统调试 19
结 20
致 谢 21
参 考 文 献 22
附录A 译 文 23
STC89C52处理芯片 23
附录B 外文原文 32
第1章 绪
11 引言
着社会济发展科技断进步中电子技术发展速度令侧目短短十年里面电子产品渗透社会领域生活方面含电子产品影子电子技术产品简化生活方式着社会生产力发展社会信息化程度越越高切反促电子技术产品断高速发展电子产品更新换代节奏越越快8年前张SD卡容量128MB已达128GB令舌发展速度促电子技术应越越广泛越越民化说电子技术正点点断渗透进生活改变生活方式生活电子技术紧密结合起世界已离开电子技术
12 选题背景
改革开放中国济飞速发展民生活水达较高水准导致私财产保护意识断加强面科技发展盗窃方式层出穷防盗措施求越越高设计目实现预防盗窃予私财产生安全力保障
目前市面报警器存着许问题工作原理设计限制数报警器存着误报率高性低范围灵敏度低等问题外安装闭路监控电路防盗系统线路非常复杂安装技术求较高硬件成维护成太高适合般家庭中安装利广泛推广利设计采探测红外线红外传感器探测红外线见光系统高保密性隐蔽性广泛应报警防盗等安全等装置中探测区域旦体辐射出红外线体红外感应模块检测模块体辐射出红外线吸收通系列处理转变电压信号
设计系统STC89C52核心通组织报警电路HCSR501体感应模块复位电路部分组合成系统
第2章 红外报警监控系统基础知识
21 系统描述
设计STC89C52单片机核心设计红外报警监控系统果体红外传感器探测范围中检测体产生红外辐射时传感器会红外辐射信号进行系列转化转化会产生相应电信号继输出没里面运动检测区域时通体红外传感器输出信号低旦区域范围检测时传感器输出电信号立刻低电高电转换时高电信号输入单片机中信号会作单片机外部触发信号进行系列处理单片机部软件系列编程处理STC89C52单片机会输出控制信号信号控制报警电路进行报警设计电路结构信号检测电路复位电路STC89C52单片机报警执行电路组合成分析总结总体框图图21示：
复位电路
信号检测电路
放
CPUSTC89C52
执行报警电路
驱动
图21系统框图
22 STC89C52单片机
设计核心STC89C52单片机STC89C52宏晶公司生产款单片机性价非常高单片机高时钟工作频率够达惊80Mhz片Flash读程序存储器反复写入擦十万次SCT89C51兼容80C51引脚结构标准MCS51块单片机够做系统编程单芯片集成8位CPUISP闪存存储单元通计算机程序控制代码载单片机中样需特意买通编程器节省需开支速度更快
221 STC89C52单片机结构
宏晶生产STC89C52完全兼容传统8051单片机指令款低功耗高速超强抗干扰单片机
STC89C52四种封装形式：44针脚PLCCLQFPPQFP形式40针脚PDIP形式
图22 PDIP40引脚图
图23 PLCC44封引脚图
图24 LQFP44PQFP44引脚图
222 STC89C52特点
(1)精简指令集结构8051CPU
(2)工作电压：3455V
(3)工作频率范围：048MHz
(4)212K字节部应程序空间
(5)片集成512 字节RAM
(6)2327通IO端口IO 端口驱动力达20mA驱动力超55mA
(7)够系统中做面编程应程序需特殊程序通串口（P30P31）直接通电脑载单片机程仅仅需秒钟完成
(8)EEPROM 功
(9)门狗
(10)STC89C52中集成专复位电路
(11)载户程序时候选择应外部晶体 时钟者部RC 振荡器
(12)具两十六位定时器计数器
(13) 外部中断2路降中断低电触发中断断电外部提供低电触发中断唤醒中断
(14) PWM（4） PCA实现44外部中断定时器
(15)异步串行口（UART）
(16) SPI步通信端口模型模式
(17)075摄氏度温度范围够正常工作
223 STC89C52单片机基结构
STC89C52单片机集成CPU存储器定时计数器编程IO口中断系统串行接口等部分元器件组成微型户数成分部分元件通部总线互相连接起单片机基结构图25示
图25 STC89C52基结构图
23 HCSR501体感应模块
HCSR501体感应模块基红外线技术设计开发出动控制模块德国进口原装LHI778探头进行设计LHI778探头灵敏度高性强超低电压工作模式类动感应电器设备中广泛应动控制产品中尤干电池电源产品中应广泛HCSR501实物图图26示
图26 HCSR501体感应模块实物图
231 体感应模块工作原理：
体温恒定保持37摄氏度左右体会发出10um左右波长红外线体感应模块通lhi778探头检测发射红外工作通探头菲泥尔滤光片增强体说发射出红外线然增强红外线聚集红外感应源面般采热释电元件充红外感应源旦接收体红外辐射温度产生变化时候热释电元件部电荷会失衡外释放电荷释放出电荷通续电路时检测处理会产生报警信号执行报警
232 HCSR501体红外感应模块电气参数
体红外感应模块电气参数表21示
产品型号
HCSR501
工作电压
4520V直流电压
静态电流
50uA
电输出
高电33V低电0V
触发方式
H重复触发L重复触发
延时时间
5200S(调)制作范围零点秒十分钟
封锁时间
25S(默认)制作范围零点秒十秒
电路板尺寸
32毫米×24毫米
感应角度
100度锥角
工作温度
15 +70度
表21 HCSR501电器参数
233 HCSR501体感应模块特性
1LHI778探头目探测体辐射红外辐射波长敏感热释电元敏感范围应该10um左右波长
2探测准确性减少红外源干扰探头辐射面覆盖层菲泥尔滤光片控制环境探头干扰样做效果明显
3动红外探头里面会集成两热释电元两电元互相串联联两电元相反电极化方环境背景辐射两元件作样极化反相反产生释电效应会完全相互抵消掉探测器会输出信号
4旦LHI78探头检测区里面时候体红外辐射滤光片镜面进行聚焦聚焦热量分两热释电元件接收两元件接受热量两热释电元接收热量样热释电样热释电效应完全抵消掉电信号系列处理控制报警器报警
5菲泥尔滤光片会产生许试场进行监控会根性求产生感应距离果视场越说明报警孔子种子更加严密
234 体感应模块说明
1刚通电时候感应模块初始化时间概分钟左右段时间里面模块会间歇性输出03次分钟初始化时间模块进入机状态
2模块放灯光等干扰源附防止干扰源干扰产生错误信号模块时候应该量避免安装空气流动快方风方感应器会受定程度干扰
3模块采长方形窗口双元探头双元应该处长两端探测区域里面右边端左边端走时候红外光谱达两探头时间距离定差距差距越代表模块感应效果越灵敏底部顶部双元探测器没光谱变化会产生间隙会导致传感器误差安装时候量准体运动反想行方安装确保体探头时候探头双元感应
235 HCSR501体感应器感应范围安装求
图27 HCSR501感应范围
降低体感应器误报率安装时候点需特注意正确安装应满足列条件：
a模块应该离面2024米
b模块安装强气流方
c模块探测范围屏风型盆景类隔离物
d模块应该远离会产生热量物体空调冰箱等
第3章 红外报警监控系统设计方案
31 红外报警监控系统设计思路
单片机设计核心设计种单片机应系统应硬件软件两部分构成应系统设计程致分成总体设计硬件设计软件设计部分
毕业设计设计求目进行分析选单片机STC89C52STC89C52控电路中集成复位电路时钟电路够系统编程够程度节省硬件软件成够节约量时间简单实总体框图设计思路利软件PROTEL 99 SE设计总电路图图31示：
图31 报警器总电路图
32 红外报警监控系统涉模块
红外报警监控系统电路组成部分：系统电源指示灯STC89C52单片机复位电路放电路时钟点蜂鸣器报警电路LED指示电路
321 系统电源模块
设计采干电池进行供电电源系统电路图图32示
图32 电源指示灯模块
322 放电路
放电路作感应器产生微弱电流信号进行放处理电路图图33示：
图33 放电路
323 复位电路
复位电路作电路回角色初始状态工作原理计算机复位电路启动原理方法计算机样复位电路电路图图34示
图34 复位电路
324 时钟电路
时钟电路严格周期性振荡电路时钟电路组成包括电容晶振晶体振荡器时钟电路电路图图35示
图35 时钟电路
325 蜂鸣器报警电路
蜂鸣器接收高电时候进行报警提示进入探测区域没时候蜂鸣器工作报警电路电路图图36示
图36 蜂鸣器报警电路
326 LED指示电路
闯入探测区域里面时候蜂鸣器报警外LED指示电路开始工作通发光方式提醒闯入监控系统时拥声光两种报警方式报警器报警信号够更加明显LED指示电路电路图图37示
图37 LED指示电路
第4章 基单片机红外报警监控系统软件设计
41程序总体流程图
根述模块工作原理硬件结构设计系统流程图图411示：
图41 程序流程图
42 程序C语言编程
#include
void init() 定时器0初始化函数
sbit rtP1^1 定义体传感器输入引脚P11
sbit spkP2^7 定义蜂鸣器输出入引脚P07
sbit ledP2^0 定义报警指示灯输出引脚P27
int ijn 定义全局变量
long int t0 延时程序
void delay(int n)
{
for(i250i>0i)
for(jnj>0j)
}
main(void)
{
init() 定时器函数初始化
spk0 关闭蜂鸣器电会响
led1
while(1)
{
if(rt0)
{
for(n0n<20n++)
{
led~led 报警指示灯闪
spk0 蜂鸣器响
delay(50)
}
}
if(t>250)
{
led~led 工作状态灯停闪边工作正常
spk1
t0
}
} while(1)
} main
void init()
{
TMOD0X01 设置定时器0模式（16位计算模式）
TH0(6553610000)256 计数寄存器赋值50ms时间
TL0(6553610000)256
EA1 开启总中断
ET01 开启定时器0中断
TR01 启动定时器0
}
void timer() interrupt 1
{
TH0(6553610000)256 重新赋值50毫秒中断
TL0(6553610000)256
t++ t累加
意更改中断时间做精确脉发生器中断时间65536毫秒
}
第5章 软件仿真
软件硬件结合起调试模拟重程通调试仿真检验设计出系统性设计通软件Keil进行程序编写编译keil软件编译结果图51示
图51 KEIL编译结果
编译证明程序实际行
51 硬件调试
进行硬件调试排明显硬件错误根电路图制作出PCB板电路图应元器件逐连接检测连接正确然检测调试硬件部分确保接口正确然通仪器检测电路正确短路断路等错误存
52 软件调试
编制系统软件程序汇编软件程序进行编制程序变成器件里面执行目标代码根（子程序中断程序算法模块——程序）便调试前三步调试完成通程序前面三部分进行连接组合成体然进行整体调试通整体调试检查部分程序间会否相互突互相影响采逐步扩方法进行整体调试次增加模块直模块组合成整体位置样做处够更加简单发现里发生错误够更简单纠正错误果整体通调试检测说明设计软件基正确行
53 系统调试
软件调试通确保设计程序行进行系统调试
①讲电脑单片机开发板通串口线进行连接插电源线关闭开发板面电元开关
②开载软件STC_ISP
③开代码文件
④点击download钮进行载程序程序载单片机
⑤开电源开关单片机系统通电
结
系统设计核心芯片STC89C52红外报警监控系统设计具电路简单性高成低优点认济实家庭防盗报警系统方案
设计实践应性非常强课题设计产品化完全够进入实际市场应够受住严格实际环境验证进行细节修改许深入细致工作着社会进步科技日新月异发展住宅区智化现住宅必然发展方导致住宅区智化理系统安全智化求越越高
次设计完成软件硬件功模块设计进步设计开发功扩展坚实基础时间关系水限设计系统较简单功较单环境干扰实际情景工作状态考虑足方足功拓展日掌握更专业知识更加深入进行补充完善
致 谢
毕业设计程中导师 教授帮助提供相关资料文选题设计准备完成文撰写修改切切凝聚着导师巨心血衷班建民导师表示衷心感谢时感谢学校提供PC电脑种试验仪器等设施设计已利完成
寒窗载春花秋实学四年生中非常生阶段四年中学专业知识时方面力锻炼工作生活着影响通四年锻炼够容面社会挑战通次毕业设计学时学事情第次通努力专研年学理知识付诸实践说次宝贵历
感谢帮助学老师衷心祝愿位身体健康万事意
参 考 文 献
[1] 李华编MCS－51单片机实接口技术[M]北京航空航天学出版社1993
[2] 周航慈单片应程序设计技术[M]北京航空航天学出版社1990
[3] 赵晓安 MCS51单片机原理应[M]天津学出版社2001
[4] 立民单片机应技术选编[M]北京航空航天学出版社1996
[5] 李广第．单片机基础[M]．北京航空航天学出版社1999
[6] 肖景赵键红外线热释电超声波遥控电路[M]民邮电出版社
[7] 肖金球单片机原理接口技术[M]清华学出版社2004
[8] 郁文传感器原理工程应[M]西安电子科技学出版社2008
[9] 文孔庆彦C语言程序设计[M]机械工业出版社2009
[10] 周景润PROTEUS入门实教程[M]机械工业出版社2009
[11] 张瑾 电路设计制板：Protel 99SE入门提高[M]民邮电出版社2007
[12] 郭天祥新概念51单片机C语言教程[M]中国水利水电出版社2009
附录A 译 文
STC89C52处理芯片
首性：
MCS51单片机产物兼容 8K字节系统编程Flash存储器 1000次擦写周期全静态操作：0Hz～33Hz 三级加密程序存储器 32编程IO口线 三16位定时器计数器 八间断源全双职工UART串行通道 低功耗空闲掉电模式 掉电间断唤醒 门狗定时器 双数值指针 掉电标识符
功效特性描述：
STC89C52 种低功耗高性CMOS8位微控制器具 8K 系统编程Flash 存储器高密度非易失性存储器技术制造工业80C51 产物指令引脚完全兼容片Flash允许程序存储器系统编程适常规编程器单芯片拥灵巧8 位CPU 线系统编程Flash患STC89C52众嵌入式控制应系统提供高矫捷超解决方案 STC89C52具标准功效： 8k字节Flash256字节RAM 32 位IO 口线门狗定时器2 数值指针三16 位 定时器计数器6量2级间断结构全双职工串行口 片晶振钟表电路外AT89S52 降0Hz静态逻辑操作支持2种软件选择节电模式空闲模式CPU 停止工作允许RAM定时器计数器串口间断继续工作掉电保护体式格局RAM容生存振动器冻结单片机切工作停止直间断者硬件复位止8 位微控制器 8K字节系统编程 Flash AT89S52
P0 口：P0口8位漏极开路双IO口作输出口位驱动8TTL逻辑电P0端口写1时引脚作高阻抗输入
访问外部程序数值存储器时P0口作低8位址数值复种模式 P0具部拉电阻
flash编程时P0口吸收指令字节程序校验时输出指令字节程序校验时需外部拉电阻
P1 口：P1 口具部拉电阻8 位双IO 口p1 输出缓器驱动四 TTL 逻辑电P1 端口写1时部拉电阻端口拉高时作输入口作输入时外部拉低引脚部电阻原输出电流（IIL）
外P10P12分作定时器计数器2外部计数输入（P10T2）时器计数器2 触发输入（P11T2EX）具体表示 flash编程校验时P1口吸收低8位址字节
引脚号第二功效：
P10 T2（定时器计数器T2外部计数输入）钟表输出
P11 T2EX（定时器计数器T2捕捉重载触发信号方控制）
P15 MOSI（线系统编程）
P16 MISO（线系统编程）
P17 SCK（线系统编程）
P2 口：P2 口具部拉电阻8 位双IO 口P2 输出缓器驱动四 TTL 逻辑电P2 端口写1时部拉电阻端口拉高时作输入口作输入时外部拉低引脚部电阻原输出电流（IIL）
访问外部程序存储器者16位址读取外部数值存储器（例执行MOVX @DPTR） 时P2 口送出高八位址种应中P2 口强部拉发送1 8位址（MOVX @RI）访问外部数值存储器时P2口输出P2锁存器容flash编程校验时P2口吸收高8位址字节控制信号
P3 口：P3 口具部拉电阻8 位双IO 口p2 输出缓器驱动四 TTL 逻辑电P3 端口写1时部拉电阻端口拉高时作输入口作输入时外部拉低引脚部电阻原输出电流（IIL） P3口作AT89S52特殊功效（第二功效）表示flash编程校验时P3口吸收控制信号
端口引脚第二功效：
P30 RXD(串行输入口)
P31 TXD(串行输出口)
P32 INTO(外间断0)
P33 INT1(外间断1)
P34 TO(定时计数器0)
P35 T1(定时计数器1)
P36 WR(外部数值存储器写选通)
P37 RD(外部数值存储器读选通)
外P3口吸收FLASH闪存编程程序校验控制信号
RST——复位输入：振动器工作时RST引脚出现两机器周期高电单片机复位
ALEPROG——访问外部程序存储器者数值存储器时ALE（址锁存允许）输出脉锁存址低8位字节般情况ALE钟表振动频率16输出固定脉信号外输出钟表者定时目注重：访问外部数值存储器时跳ALE脉
FLASH存储器编程期间该引脚输入编程脉（PROG）
必通特殊功效寄存器（SFR）区中8EH单位D0位置位禁止ALE操作该位置位条MOVXMOVC指令气ALE激活外该引脚会微弱拉高单片机执行外部程序时应设置ALE禁止位效
PSEN——程序储存允许（PSEN）输出外部程序存储器读选通信号AT89C52外部程序存储器取指令（者数值）时机器周期两次PSEN输出两脉期间访问外部数值存储器跳两次PSEN信号
EAVPP——外部访问允许欲CPU仅访问外部程序存储器（址0000HFFFFH）EA端必须保持低电（接）需注重：果加密位LB1编程复位时部会锁存EA端状态
EA端高电（接Vcc端）CPU执行部程序存储器指令
FLASH存储器编程时该引脚加+12V编程允许电源Vpp然必须该部件12V编程电压Vpp
通毕业设计提高理联系实际解决实际问题力提高接口技术等相关硬件知识深入理解掌握8051控制字设置工作方式编程原理微机接口方法加深理解逐次逼法模数转换器特征工作原理掌握ADC0809接口方法AD输入程序设计调试方法
众周知现企业工厂家庭基实现动化智化设备样者提供极方便智化处理单元代思维操作控制外部设备工作
继电器典型实例（现代动化控制设备中存电子电气电路互相联结问题方面电子电路控制信号够控制电气电路执行元件(电动机 电磁铁电灯等)方面电子电路电气提供良电隔离 保护电子电路身安全电子继电器便完成桥梁作）
该设计体现智方面断改变模拟量达控制电器电动机工作目具体：808608098255等核心芯片路模拟量模拟现实物理量通0809进行采集根模拟量输入进控制LED指示灯继电器电机动作熟悉微型计算机出现量类社会带入新时代单片微型计算机（简称单片机）中扮演着十分重角色工业控制数采集仪器仪表动化等许领域起着十分重作熟悉80C51系列单片机核心系统介绍结构原理应技术容包括单片机基础知识结构原理指令系统汇编语言程序设计单片机部行口应中断技术定时计数技术串行通信技术系统扩展技术ADDA转换器接口单片机应开发技术等知识 着电子技术计算机技术发展单片机技术已成计算机技术独特分支民工业测控等领域广泛应单片机具体积功强性高价格低方便系统设计灵活等特点目前单片机控制系统正空前速度取代着传统电子控制系统学单片机掌握设计技术已成代学生工程技术员必备技企业迫切需量熟练掌握单片机技术开发应维护理单片机控制系统高级工程技术员
系统采单片机实现远程路数采集监测实践双机远端单片机控制路数采集器单片机控制远端单片机双机通讯RS232C标准进行通软硬件调试该系统实现数处理数显示键盘输入系统报警等工作试验证明系统行
计算机广泛应天数采集重性十分显著数采集指传感器测设备等模拟数字测单元中动采集信息程数采集系统结合基计算机测量软硬件产品实现灵活户定义测量系统计算机外部物理世界连接桥梁种类型信号采集难易程度差实际采集时噪声带麻烦数采集时基原理注意更实际问题解决
系统采双CPU 控制机机CPU单片机CPU负责采集七路数时应答CPU发送命令CPU进行数处理数显示键盘输入系统报警语音播报通道电压值CPUCPU通讯中采国际标准RS232C接口线少（两根）系统实现种具语音播报语音提示高性高智实型远距离路数采集系统
工业测量系统常常必须信号源信号进行数字化处理采种方式实现种处理模拟路复器(MUX)8模拟传感器输入信号中进行选择然MUX输出信号馈送信号调节放器信号调节放器输出信号馈送模数转换器(ADC)目前普遍采集成路复器ADCIC购买分离元件
系统功
1实现现场模拟信号产生器通制正弦波信号发生器利变电阻改变振荡频率频率200Hz～2kHz范围变化频率电压变换输出相应1～5v直流电压（200Hz应1v2kHz应5v）
2路数采集器数采集器第路输入制0V～5V直流电压第2～7路分输入直流源5V4V3V2V1V0V直流电压（路输入分压器产生求精度）路模拟信号分转换成8位二进制数字信号串变换电路串行码送入传输线路
3控器通串行传输线路路数进行 采集显示采集方式包括循环采集（1路2路……7路1路……）选择采集（选路）二种方式显示部分时显示址相应数
4机实现语音操作提示播放通道电压功障报警功
设计前准备工作
研制者接某项务进行具体设计前般需先进行列工作：
1行性调研
行性调研目分析完成项目性进行方面工作参考国外关资料否进行类似工作果分析进行方面工作什优点缺点什值鉴果没需作进步调研时重点应放否实现环节首先理进行分析探讨实现性 求客观条件否具备(环境测试手段仪器设计资金等)然结合实际情况决定否立项问题
2系统总体方案设计
进行行性调研果立项步工作系统总体方案设计工作重点应放该项目技术难度时参考方面更详细更具体资料根系统部分实现功参考国外类产品性提出合理行技术指标编写出设计务书完成系统总体方案设计
3设计方案细化确定软硬件功
旦总体方案决定步工作该项目细化需明确部分硬件完成 部分软件完成硬件结构软件方案会相互影响简化电路结构降低成减少障率提高系统灵活性通性方面考虑提倡软件实现功软件完成应考虑软件代硬件实质降低系统实时性增加处理进行代价软件设计费研制周期增加系统软硬件功分配应根系统求实际情况合理安排统考虑确定软硬件功基础设计者工作开始涉毓具体问题仪器体积具体技术指标相应硬件实现方案软件总体规划等确定员分工安排工作进度规定接口参数必须考虑硬件软件具体设计问题
讨具体设计问题前里强调具体应系统设计面部分工作必少否导致设计方案整体更改甚导致方案法实现造成力物力浪费点设计讲应加倍注意
单片机应系统硬件设计包括两部分容：单片机系统扩展部分设计包括存储器扩展接口扩展存储器扩展指EPROMEEPROMRAM扩展接口扩展指825581558279功器件扩展二功模块设计信号测量功模块信号控制功模块机话功模块通诚讯功模块等根系统功求配置相应ADDA键盘显示器印机等外围设备
进行应系统硬件设计时首问题确定电路总体方案需进行详细技术证谓硬件电路总体设计实现该项目全部基功需硬件电气连线原理图初次接触方面工作设计员急求设计总体方案愿花更时间促开始制版调试种方法仅妥偿失效硬件系统讲电路部分紧密相关互相协调部分电路考虑充分会部分带难预料影响轻系统整体结构受破坏重导致硬件总体返工造成手果想知希设计者吝啬总体方案花时间时间硬件设计绝部分工作量初方案设计阶段设计方案会事半功倍效果旦总体方案确定步工作会利进行需作部分修改基础进行完善工作会造成整体返工
进行硬件总体方案设计时涉具体电路鉴方面进行工作调试考验电路具定合理性(电路常教科书手册提供电路完全致正验)果基础结合设计目进行修改种简便快捷做法然电路需设计完全搬太参考电路时需工作原理较透彻分析理解根工作机理解适范围确定移植性需修改方关键性尚完全理解电路需仔细分析设计前先进行试验确定部分电路正确性性精度等方面进行考验尤模拟电路部分更需进行方面工作
硬件设计合理根验系统电路设计应注意方面：
1选择标准化模块化典型电路提高设计成功率结构灵活性
2条件允许情况选功强集成度高电路芯片采种器件代某部分电路仅元件数量接插件相互连线减少系统性增加成元件实现电路低
3注意选择通性强市场货源充足元器件尤需批量生产场合更应注意方面问题优点：旦某种元器件法获元器件直接换电路稍作改动器件代
4硬件系统总体结构考虑时样注意通性问题较复杂系统设计者希模块化中曲控制单元输入接口输出接口机接口等分块进行设计然采定边接方式组合成完整系统种情况连接方式显非常重时选通接口方式采STD总线结构PC总线结构GPIB总线结构等总线结构边接目前应较广泛少厂家已开发出适合总线结构接口板输入板输出板AD板等必情况选现成模块板作系统部分成偏高会缩短研制周期提高工作效率然特殊情况系统场合户必须行设计接口定义连线方式时注意接口协议旦接口方式确定模块设计者应遵守该接口方式
5系统扩展功模块设计满足应系统功求基础应适留余备修改扩展需实际电路设计次成功作修改情况少果设计初未留余期点改动扩展迫进行全面返工举例说进行ROM扩展时量选2764芯片样仅升级方便成会降低进行RAM扩展时系统升级增加存方便系统RAM空间应留足位置怕设计RAM插座插芯片进行IO口扩展时应出定余量样时增加测量通道控象极方便
附录B 外文原文
STC89C52 processing chip
Prime features
With MCS 51 SCM product compatibility 8K bytes in the system programmable Flash memory 1000 times CaXie cycle the static operation 0Hz ~ 33Hz triple encryption program memory 32 programmed IO port three 16 timercounter the eight uninterrupted dualcareer UART serial passage low power consumption leisure and fall after fall electric power mode can be awakened and continuous watchdog timer and doublenumber pointer power identifier
Efficacy characteristics
STC89C52 is one kind of low power consumption high CMOS8 bit microcontroller 8K in system programmable Flash memory Use highdensity nonvolatile storage technology and industrial 80C51 product instruction and pin fully compatible The Flash memory chips allows programs in the system also suitable for programmable conventional programming In a single chip have clever 8 bits CPU and online system programmable Flash increase STC89C52 for many embedded control system to provide high vigorous application and useful solutions STC89C52 has following standard efficacy 8k byte Flash RAM 256 bytes 32 IO port the watchdog timer two three pointer numerical 16 timercounter a 6 vector level 2 continuous structure the serial port working within crystals and horological circuit In addition 0Hz AT89S52 can drop to the static logic operation support two software can choose power saving mode Idle mode the CPU to stop working and allows the RAM timercounters serial continuous to work Protection asana pattern RAM content is survival vibrators frozen SCM until all the work under a continuous or hardware reset 8bit microcontrollers 8K bytes in the system programmable Flash AT89S52 devices
Mouth P0 P0 mouth is a twoway open drain IO As export each can drive eight TTL logic level For P0 port to write 1 foot as the high impedance input
When access to external programs and numerical memory also known as low P0 mouth eight addressnumerical reuse In this mode with the internal P0 resistor
In the flash when programming also used for P0 mouth absorb instruction bytes In the process the output command byte calibration When the program requires external calibration on pullup resistors
Mouth P1 mouth P1 is an internal resistance of the eight twoway IO buffers can drive P1 output four TTL logic level To write 1 P1 port the internal resistance to port can push as input mouth When used as input external and internal foot because of low resistance will output current (IIL)
In addition P10 and P12 respectively timercounter 2 external counting input (P10 T2) and when the trigger editorcounter P11 input (2) specific T2EXare shown below In programming and calibration flash P1 mouth absorb eight address low byte
Efficacy the foot
P10 T2 (timercounter T2 external counting input) clock output
P11 T2EX (timercounter T2 captureoverloaded triggered signals and direction control)
P15 MOSI (with) online system programming
P16 MISO (with) online system programming
P17 SCK (with) online system programming
Mouth P2 P2 mouth is an internal resistance of the eight twoway IO buffers and P2 output can drive four TTL logic level To write 1 P2 port the internal resistance to port can push as input mouth When used as input external and internal foot because of low resistance will output current (IIL)
In the external program memory access or use 16bit external numerical memory address read (for example MOVX execution DPTR @) P2 mouth send out high 8 address In this application P2 mouth on the internal use strong pull send 1 In using 8bit address (such as MOVX @ RI) access to external numerical memory P2 mouth output P2 latches content In programming and calibration flash P2 mouth also absorb high eight address byte and some control signal
P3 a P3 mouth on the inside of the eight twoway pullup resistors IO buffers can drive p2 output four TTL logic level For P3 port to write 1 the internal resistance to port can push as input mouth When used as input external and internal foot because of low resistance will output current (IIL) P3 mouth AT89S52 special functions (also as the second efficacy) are shown below In programming and calibration flash also absorb some P3 mouth control signals
Port pin second efficacy
P30 RXD (serial input)
P31 TXD (serial export)
P32 INTO the discontinuous (0)
P33 INT1 (1) the discontinuous
P34 (timecounter TO 0)
P35 T1 (1) timecounter
P36 WR (external numerical memory write for)
P37 RD (external numerical memory read for)
In addition also absorb some used in mp3 mouth FLASH memory programming and calibration of program control signals
RST reset input when the vibrator RST pin appeared two machine cycle above high level will be reset the chip
ALEPROG when access to external program memory or numerical memory ALE (address latch allow) output pulses are used to latch address of low eight bytes Normally ALE with clock frequencies are 16 output pulse signal with fixed so it can be used for the purpose or output clocks Timing Those who want an attention is whenever access to external numerical memory will skip a ALE pulse
For FLASH memory programming this pin is used for input programming pulse () PROG
If necessary but through special effect to the zone registers (SFR) 8EH D0 position the unit can be banned ALE operations This position is a bit MOVX and MOVC instructions will be activated ALE In addition the foot will be weak execute external program MCU hign should be banned a void Set ALE
PSEN program storage PSEN allowed (output is outside of the program memory read choose communication by external program memory when taking AT89C52 instructions (or) each machine cycle PSEN twice two pulse output is useful during this period when access to external numerical memory will skip PSEN twice
EAVPP external access permission to make the CPU only access to external program memory (address for 0000H FFFFH) EA end must remain low level (ground) Should notice is if a LB1 is encrypted reset when programming will latch EA end
As for the high level of the EA (VCCS) the CPU is the implementation of the program memory internal instructions
FLASH memory when programming this pin plus + 12 v programming allow power Vpp of course that is the part is used to Vpp voltage 12V programming
Actual problem ability contacting actual solving by the fact that graduation practice improves theory Going deep into waiting for relevance hardware knowledge to interface technology understands rise Have 8279＇s control words interposition mechanics programming principle and PC interface method in hand Deepen the characteristic and operating principle understanding the successive approximation law modulus converter＇s have the ADC0809 interface method and AD input program design in hand and test method It is known to all that not caring now is enterprise a factory is still a family having realized an automation mainly be that a little intellectualized equipment has been used such has been provided immense going to the lavatory to the user Thought and operation intellectualized being to have let treatment element replace person come to control the outside equipment job
The relay is that a representative example (modern times automates to have circuital mutual a electron and electricity linkup problem in control system one side needs to make the electronic circuit pilot signal be able to control the circuital electricity implementation component (electric motor electromagnet electric lamp etc) Electricity being going to be an electronic circuit again on one hand provide fine electricity isolation to protect the electronic circuit and person＇s safety the electron relay just can accomplish this one bridge effect) Should design the aspect being to have embodied a little intelligence Come to reach the purpose reaching electrical equipment the electric motor job under the control of changing simulation amounts unceasingly Be concretely The chip centering on 8086 0809 8255 grades uses single file to simulate the amounts coming to simulate real physics the amounts to carry out acquisition by 0809 in the light of different entering and the person size simulating amounts and then the action controlling LED guiding lights relay electric motor
Know well that the microcomputer appearing draws Da Liang Shi Yong with human society as well as having entered a new times The monolithic microcomputer (be called the monolithic machine for short) is all playing very important role in a lot of fields such as being acting as very important role among them automating in industrial control data collect and instrument appearance Have known well that the C51 series monolithic machine is core with 80 system has introduced whose structure principle and applied technique Main content including monolithic machine ABC structure and principle instruction system assembly language programming monolithic machine inside parallel application interruption technology regular time counting technology serial communicate by letter technology system extended technology AD and DA converter interface monolithic machine apply and develop technology and so on knowledge With the development of electron technology and computer art the monolithic machine technology already becomes a distinctive branch of computer art industry test control waits for a field to have got broad application in civil sum
The monolithic machine is had volume is small the function is strong reliability is tall price hangs down usage designs that convenient and systematic nimbly to wait for a characteristic At present monolithic machine navar is substituting tradition electronic control system with unparalleled speed Technical ability that the engineers and technicians who studies the monolithic machine and grasps the person designing that the usage technology already becomes the present age college student and a few must prepare for many enterprise requires that a great quantity is skilled urgently grasping the monolithic machine technology can develop apply the engineers and technicians who manages monolithic machine navar high level and defend together This system has adopt the monolithic machine to realize the multipath longrange data collect and monitor this practice has used two machine the far end monolithic machine has controlled the multipath data collect implement the monolithic machine has controlled the far end monolithic machine local place communication has carried out two machine with RS232C standard debugging passing soft hardware owing system jobs evidence system such as treatment data display keyin and system warning being able to realize a data is feasible
In computer extensive use data collect significance is very notable today Simulations and figures such as the data being collected being being to refer to the secondary sensor and other wait for measuring equipment is measured the process collecting information voluntarily in the element The data collect system is certainly definition consumer measurement system coming true nimbly coming soft hardware product combining with computerbased measurement It is the bridge that the computer and the outside physics world link Various type signal collect difference difficult to exchange degree is very big Noise also may bring about a few when reality is collected inconvenient Some basal principle needs to pay attention to when data collect still has more actual problems needing to solve
System adopt capital pair of CPU control the lead plane uses with being from the machine CPU the monolithic machine Data being responsible for collecting seven roads from CPU respond to the order that host CPU dispatches at the same time Host CPU carries out a data handling the data display keyin system give an alarm pronunciation broadcasts the voltage value reporting passage In host CPU and the communication from CPU adopt the international standard RS232C interface and use gleam to be short most (need only two System has realized remote multipath one kind of the pragmatic type having pronunciation broadcasting newspaper highperformance high intelligence that pronunciation hint data collect systemIndustry measurement system often must handle to coming from many signal source signals carrying out digitization coming to realize this handling but adopt several kinds way And then simulate multipath multiplex implement (MUX) making one＇s option in the entering signal coming from 8 simulation sensors MUX makes a present of the output signal giving signal adjustment an amplifier the signal adjusts an amplifier that the output signal is made a present of giving a modulus converter (ADC) But IC adopt integrated multipath multiplex implement and ADC at present commonly also can a purchase the component parting for
System function 1 realizes the scene analog signal producing an implement is to pass the
selfrestraint one sine wave generator make use of sillster to change oscillating frequencymessenger frequency changes in 200 Hz ~ 2 kHz range 1 v shifting last (200 Hz correspondence exporting 1 ~ 5 corresponding vs direct current pressure again after frequency voltage 2 kHz are corresponding 5 vs) 2 road data collect implement data collect implement the first roads entering selfrestraint 0 V ~ 5 V direct current pressure 2nd ~ 7 roads import 5 V 4 V 3 V 2 V 1 V 0 V direct current pressure coming from the directcurrent source respectively (every road imports but not demanding accuracy from mark pressure implement creation) The analog signal changes every road respectively becoming 8 binary digit signals in classics and the circuit varying string use serial code to send in the transmission circuit
3 the master control implement collects and shows by the fact that the serial transmission circuitis in progress to every road data Collect way collecting (namely 1 roads 2 roads including cycling 7 roads 1 roads ) And choose acquisition (let choose a single file) two species way Demonstrate the can demonstrate address at the same time and corresponding data of part 4 the lead plane realizes pronunciation handling a hint and broadcasts every passage the voltage function malfunction give an alarm functionDesign that front preparation job develops person after receiving some item missions need in general carrying out the following job first before the concrete design being in progress 1 feasibility the purposesurveying feasibility surveying is to analyse the possibility accomplishing this project The job carrying out this aspect＇s may consult home and abroad in connection with the data looks at if somebody had carried out the similar job If having may analyse others then is the job how to carry out this aspect what merits and demerits to have what have to be to be worth drawing lessons If not needing then doing surveying going a step further in priority now Ying Fang whether can realize this link first analyse discuss the possibility coming true from being in progress theoretically what be demanded if objective condition have (means the instrument design that the fund waits if the environment tests) and then be tied in wedlock reality the problem to whether can set up a project to decide again 2 the system overall plan designs design surveying the queen being a system overall plan if being able to set up a project will work next step in the feasibility being in progress
May consult this on one hand detailed more concrete data on the priority Ying Fang technology degree of difficulty working in that project now the function consulting home and abroad the samekind product brings forward the rational but feasible technology index compile and compose out design specification accomplish system overall plan design thereby according to the systematic different part and the function needing to come true
Design plan thin melt 3ascertains soft hardware function once the overall plan decides down job next step is to will owe a project thin melt needs namely making clear that which part uses hardware to come to be completed which part uses software to come to be completed Therefore since the hardware structure and the software scheme may influence each otheraspect thinks from flexibility and General Availability facilitating the circuit structure cost reduction cutting down a fault rate raising system the function encouraging a software to be able to come true comes to be completed as far as possible from the software But also should think that the essence replacing a hardware with the software being to reduce system real time nature increases by handling the price being in progress being＇s the software designs that cost lead time will also increase by and therefore the systematic soft hardware function assignment responds to according to the systematic request and reality but the rational arrangement unification think On the basis ascertaining the soft hardware function designer＇s job starts the concrete problem dealing with one Yu right away if the instrument volume and the master plan with the hardware realization scheme software that the concrete technology index responds to relatively etcBehind ascertaining personnel division of work laying on job schedule regulation the interface parameter will must think that hardware the software concre have designed a problem is discussing this wants to emphasize an once too the front here designing a problem concretely that this several parts work above is essential otherwise the entirety may lead to a design plan changes possibility leads to even a scheme to have no way to realize the dissipation bringing about manpower and material resources to a concrete application system design To some extent with regard to this designs that De Lai talks should pay attention to twice as much A monolithic machine application system hardware design includes two most content
The monolithic machine system expansion part designs that first It expands including that memory expanding and preparing an interface That the expansion interface pointing to EPROM EEPROM and RAM expand the memory expansion is to point to 8255 8155 8279 and other function component expansion Two is every function module design Controlling the function module the manmachine conversation function module exchanging the sincere message function module if the signal measures the function module the signal and so on demands to deploy ancillary equipment such as corresponding AD DA keyboard display printer according to system function ascertain the circuital overall plan needs the demonstration carrying out the detailed technology together Socalled circuital hardware population is designed is to be to be to realize the electricity company line principle picture owing possessions needed by all fundamental project functions hardware The first time contact this aspect job design personnel sometimes be anxious to ask begin to make plate and debug in designing that the overall plan mounts more reluctant flower time he urges a field excessively This method not only no appropriate and sometimes be an effect lose more than gain Circuital every part is a rapid and intense relevance is in harmony each other because of the hardware system comes to talk right awayany part of circuit＇s considers insufficiency that the city brings the effect hard to predict to effect hard to predict other part makes the system entirety structure be destroyed gently then weight is that population is big fruit the hand doing poorly done work over again bringing about from this being to be imaginable lead to hardware Therefore we hope that the designer is not more stingy than on the overall plan the institute spends time Judging from time the good sometimes in initial scheme design stage one design plan of hardware design most amount of work sometimes is able to have the effect getting twice the result with half the effort Job next step is only capable to do proceeding as planned and without a hitch very much revise even if needing to do a part once the overall plan ascertains that downa few being in progress also only here on the basis perfect the entirety working but being able to not bring about doing poorly done work over again When the overall plan in the hardware being in progress is designed the what be related that to concrete circuit may use the job that others carries out in this respect for reference Sometimes have certain rationality because of the circuit have debuged and testing process others (this also may exactly be experience location although these circuits are often no completely consistent with the circuit providing on the textbook and the handbook) Revise if carrying out a few combining with self design purpose here on the basisbe that one kind is simple and convenient rapid method of work The circuit needs self design certainly a little bit copying completely is not very possible pi deceives to comfort the emergency quail saying the male plait fertilizer guaranteeing requiring the principle working to the person to have more incisive analysis and understand that knows whose applicability according to whose job mechanism ascertains the possibility that the person transplants and the place needing to revise thereby To the circuit that some critical Buddhist monks understand no completelyneed careful analysis And carry out an experiment before design first to ascertain this circuital part correctness job carrying out the ordeal especially dummy load part needing the aspect carrying out this more in aspect such as reliability and accuracy That is makes the hardware design as far as possible rational is based on experience systematic wiring design should pay attention to several the following aspect 1 chooses as far as possible standardizing the modularized model is circuital improve the success rate designing that and architectural flexibility 2 goes down in allowable condition of condition select and use a function as far as possible strong high circuit of integration level or chip Because of adopt this component to may replace some parts of circuit not only component quantity connector assembly and mutual company line fall off messenger system reliability increases by and cost sometimes is lower than using the circuit that the component realizes muchly to be than3 pays attention to choosing the strong plentiful of marketplace source of goods component of General Availability problem should pay attention to this aspect especially more to the occasion needing mass production Whose merit is Once certain kind of component has no way to gain also can use other component to substitute directly or to do slightly to the circuit changing the queen using other component to replace 4 is in when population structure thinks to hardware system same need to pay attention to the General Availability problem To a more complicated system the designer sometimes hopes with whose modularization be that the centring bend controls an element the halving piece importing an interface exporting the interface manmachine interface carries out a entire system designing and then adopt certain edge taking over way that whose combination is become The way in such circumstances linking up appears very important right away may select and use GPI way sometimes if adopt STD highway structure PC highway structure GPIB highway structure etcBecause of the edge to these highways structure takes over the comparison applying at presentMany manufacturer already develops out being suitable to the interface board in these highways structure exporting board AD board if importing board and so on Under necessary situation select and use readymade module board being the systematic part be able to shorten lead time greatly raise working efficiency although cost is partial to height a little bit Certainly in some special case and minor systematic occasionthe consumer must design an interface by self define company line way Need to pay attention to the interface agreement now the module designer should observe that interface way one by one once the interface way ascertains that down allowing some leeway to prepare for future to revise expanding on the basis satisfying the application system functional requirement In fact the circuit designs a success but not doing the condition that any revises is very few＇s do poorly done work over again all round if being forced to be in progress in leeway later stage designing that has not had any left for the first time probably because of to some extent little changing or expansion Select and use 2764 the above chips for example when carrying out ROM expansion to the full such escalates not only in the future going to the lavatory the meeting also reduces cost During the period of the expansion carrying out RAM go to the lavatory for using system promotion or increasing memory systematic RAM space should reserve enough location do not insert a chip well even though designing one RAM socket more than normal During the period of the expansion carrying out the IO mouth also should be given to a certain margin out such has gone to the lavatory extremely to the passage or controlled member increasing a little measurement for a short time
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