学英语六级考试真题试卷 附答案原文
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
试题
Directions For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the saying The best preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words
参考范文
While we all desire to lead an ideal lifestyle some day most of us tend to do no more than create a blueprint for or even daydream about it Some may excuse themselves by claiming they are not ready to get started Actually they have yet to realize the truth of that saying The best preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today
Tomorrow is utterly unpredictable whereas only today can be under control This undisputed fact implies that attaining any goal requires us to seize the day and live it to the fullest If we want to for example improve our physical fitness just begin by going jogging this evening rather than waste time making workout plans for the following weeks It does not mean planning is of little value The point is that many people are prone to an illusory sense of satisfaction during this process hindering them from taking immediate action
It is very tough indeed overcoming our inertia But only by acting now and working hard can we move a step closer to success Those who put off until tomorrow what really matters to them will end up achieving nothing
Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
2020年7月学英语六级考试真题听力音频MP3超资料库00002745收录话题#六级听力27
（暂缺答题选项）
Section A
Conversation One
听力原文
M Tonight we have a very special guest Mrs Anna Sanchez is a three time Olympic champion and author of the new book To the Edge Mrs Sanchez thank you for joining us
W Thank you for having me
M Let’s start with your book What does the title To the Edge mean What are you referring to
W The book is about how science and technology has helped push humans to the edge of their physical abilities I argue that in the past 20 years we have had the best athletes the world has ever seen
M But is this a fair comparison How do you know how say a football player from 50 years ago would compare to one today
W Well you are right That comparison would be perhaps impossible to make But the point is more about our knowledge today of human biochemistry nutrition and mechanics I believe
that while our bodies have not changed in thousands of years what has changed is the scientific knowledge This has allowed athletes to push the limits of what was previously thought possible
M That’s interesting Please tell us more about these perceived limits
W The world has seen sports records being broken that could only be broken with the aid of technology whether this be the speed of a tennis serve or the fastest time in 100 meter dash or 200 meter swimming race
M Is there any concern that technology is giving some athletes an unfair advantage over othersW That is an interesting question and one that has to be considered very carefully Skis for example went from being made of wood to a metal alloy which allows for better control andfaster speed
There is no stopping technological progress But as I said each situation should
be considered carefully on a case by case basis
题目
1 What do we learn about Anna Sanchez
2 What is the woman’s book mainly about
3 What has changed in the past thousands of years
4 What is the man’s concern about the use of technology in sports competitions
参考答案
1 A) She is a great athlete
2 D) How technology has helped athletes to scale new heights
3 B) Our scientific knowledge
4 C) It may give an unfair advantage to some athletes
Conversation Two
听力原文
W I’ve worked in international trade all my life My father did so too before me So I guess you could say it runs in the family
M What products have you worked with
W All sorts really I’ve imported textiles machinery toys solar panels all kinds of things over the years Trends and demand come and go So one needs to be very flexible to succeed in this industry
M I see What goods are you trading now
W I now import furniture from China into Italy and foods from Italy into China I even use the same container It’s a very efficient way of conducting trade
M The same container You mean you own a 40foot cargo container
W Yeah that’s right I have a warehouse in Genoa Italy and another in Shanghai I source midcentury modern furniture from different factories in China It’s very good value for money I collect it all in my warehouse and then dispatch it to my other warehouse in Italy
Over there I do the same but with Italian foods instead of furniture things like pasta cheese wine chocolates And I send all that to my warehouse in China in the same freight container I use for the furniture
M So I presume you sell both lines of products wholesale in each respective country
W Of course I possess a network of clients and partners in both countries That’s the main benefit of having done this for so long I’ve made great business contacts over time
M How many times do you ship
W I did 12 shipments last year 18 this year and I hope to grow to around 25 next year That’s both ways there and back again Demand for authentic Italian food in China is growing rapidly And similarly sales of affordable yet stylish wooden furniture are also increasing in Italy Furniture is marginally more profitable mostly because it enjoys lower customs duties
题目
Q5 What does the woman think is required to be successful in international trade
Q6 What does the woman say is special about her way of doing tradeQ7 What does the woman have in both Italy and China
Q8 What does the woman say makes furniture marginally more profitable
参考答案
5 B) Flexibility
6 D) Using the same container back and forth
7 A) Warehouses
8 C) Lower import duties
Section B
Passage One
听力原文
Too many people view their jobs as a fiveday prison from which they are paroled every Friday says Joel Goodman founder of the Humour Project a humour consulting group in Saratoga Springs New York Humour unlocks the office prison because it lets adults bring some of their childlike spirit to the job
According to Howard Pollio professor of psychology at the University of Tennessee
Knoxville an office with humour breaks is an office with satisfied and productive employees
Pollio conducted a study that proved humour can help workers excel at routine production tasks
Employees perform better when they have fun
In large corporations with a hierarchy of power there is often no outlet for stress Every company needs underground ways of poking fun at the organization says Lynn Mark a speaker on workplace humour for St Mary’s Health Centre in St Louis
Kodak’s Rochester New York branch discovered a way for its 20000 employees to uncork their bottledup resentments Their 1000squarefoot Humour Room features a toy store Among the room’s many stressreducing gadgets the main attraction is a boss doll with detachable arms and legs Employees can take the doll apart as long as they put its arms and legs back in place
Sandy Cohen owner of a graphic print production business created the Quote Board to document the bizarre phrases people say when under strict deadlines When you’re under stress you say stupid things says Cohen Now we just look at each other and say that’s one for the Quote Board
题目
9 What does the passage say about humour in the workplace
10 What does the study by Howard Pollio show
11 What can Kodak’s employees do in the Humour Room
参考答案
9 A) It helps employees to reduce their stress
10 D) Humour can help workers excel at routine tasks
11 B) Take the boss doll apart as long as they can assemble it
Passage Two
听力原文
Public interest was aroused by the latest discovery of a changed gene in obese mice The news was made known by Rockefeller University geneticist Jeffrey Friedman The researchers believe this gene influences development of a hormone that tells the organism how fat or full it is Those with the changed gene may not sense when they have eaten enough or if they have sufficient fatty tissue and thus can＇t tell when to stop eating
The researchers also reported finding a gene nearly identical to the mouse obesity gene in humans The operation of this gene in humans has not yet been demonstrated however Still
professionals like University of Vermont psychologist Esther Rothblum reacted enthusiastically
This research indicates that people really are born with a tendency to have a certain weight just as they are to have a particular skin color or height
Actually behavioral geneticists believe that less than half of total weight variation is
programmed in the genes while height is almost entirely genetically determined
Whatever role genes play Americans are getting fatter A survey by the Center for Disease Control found that obesity has increased greatly over the last 10 years Such rapid change underlines the role of environmental factors like the abundance of rich foods in Americans’overeating
The Center for Disease Control has also found that teens are far less physically active than they were even a decade ago Accepting that weight is predetermined can relieve guilt for overweight people But people’s belief that they cannot control their weight can itself contribute to obesity
题目
Q12 What does the speaker say has aroused public interest
Q13 What do we learn about the changed gene
Q14 What does University of Vermont psychologist Esther Rothblum say
Q15 What accounts for Americans’ obesity according to a survey by the Center for Disease
Control
参考答案
12 A) The recent finding of a changed gene in obese mice
13 D) It renders mice unable to sense when to stop eating
14 C) People are born with a tendency to have a certain weight
15 B) The abundant provision of rich foods
Section C
Recording One
听力原文
Qualities of a relationship such as openness compassion and mental stimulation are of concern to most of us regardless of sex but – judging from the questionnaire response – they are more important to women than to men
Asked to consider the ingredients of close friendship women rated these qualities above all others Men assigned a lower priority to them in favor of similarity in interests selected by 77 of men and responsiveness in a crisis chosen by 61 of male respondents Mental stimulation
ranked third in popularity by men as well as women was the only area of overlap Among men only 28 named openness as an important quality caring was picked by just 23 It is evident by their selections that when women speak of close friendships they are referring to emotional factors while men emphasize the pleasure they find in a friend’s company That iswhen a man speaks of a friend he is likely to be talking about someone he does things with – a teammate a fellow hobbyist a drinking buddy These activities are the fabric of the friendship it is a doing relationship in which similarity in interests is the key bond This factor was a
consideration of less than 11 of women Women opt for a warm emotional atmosphere where communication flows freely activity is mere background
Lastly men as we have seen have serious questions about each other’s loyalty Perhaps this is why they placed such strong emphasis on responsiveness in a crisis – someone I can call on for help Women as their testimonies indicate are generally more secure with each other and
consequently are more likely to treat this issue lightly In followup interviews this was confirmed numerous times as woman after woman indicated that being there when needed was taken for granted
As for the hazards of friendship more than a few relationships have been shattered because of cutthroat competition and feelings of betrayal This applies to both men and women but unequally In comparison nearly twice as many men complained about these issues as women
Further while competition and betrayal are the main thorns to female friendship men are plagued in almost equal amounts by two additional issues lack of frankness and a fear of appearing unmanly Obviously for a man a good friendship is hard to find
题目
Q16 What quality do men value most concerning friendship according to a questionnaire response
Q17 What do women refer to when speaking of close friendships
Q18 What may threaten a friendship for both men and women
参考答案
16 A) Similarity in interests
17 D) Emotional factors
18 C) Feelings of betrayal
Recording Two
听力原文
The partial skeletons of more than 20 dinosaurs and the scattered bones of about 300 more have been discovered in Utah and Colorado at what is now the Dinosaur National Monument
Many of the best specimens may be seen today at museums of natural history in the larger cities of the United States and Canada This dinosaur pit is the largest and best preserved deposit of dinosaurs known today
Many people get the idea from the mass of bones in the pit wall that some disaster such as a volcanic explosion or a sudden flood killed a whole herd of dinosaurs in this area This could have happened but it probably did not
The main reasons for thinking otherwise are the scattered bones and the thickness of the deposit In other deposits where the animals were thought to have died together the skeletons were usually complete and often all the bones were in their proper places Rounded pieces of fossil bone have been found here These fragments got their smooth round shape by rolling along the stream bottom In a mass killing the bones would have been left on the stream or lake bottom
together at the same level But in this deposit the bones occur throughout a zone of sandstone about 12 feet thick The mixture of swamp dwellers and dryland types also seems to indicate that the deposit is a mixture from different places
The pit area is a large dinosaur graveyard not a place where they died Most of the remains probably floated down an eastward flowing river until they were left on a shallow sandbar Some of them may have come from faraway dryland areas to the west Perhaps they drowned trying to cross a small stream or were washed away during floods Some of the swamp dwellers may have
got stuck in the very sandbar that became their grave others may have floated for miles before being stranded
Even today similar events take place When floods come in the spring sheep cattle and deer are often trapped by rising waters and often drown Their dead bodies float downstream until the flood recedes and leaves them stranded on a bar or shore where they lie half buried in the sand
until they decay Early travelers on the Missouri river reported that shores and bars were often lined with the decaying bodies of buffalo that had died during spring floods
题目
Q19 Where can many of the best dinosaur specimens be found in North America
Q20 What occurs to many people when they see the massive bones in the pit wall
Q21 What does the speaker suggest about the large number of dinosaur bones found in the pit
参考答案
19 D) At museums of natural history in large cities
20 B) Some natural disaster killed a whole herd of dinosaurs in the area
21 A) They floated down an eastward of flowing river
Recording Three
听力原文
I would like particularly to talk about the need to develop a new style of aging in our own society Young people in this country have been accused of not caring for their parents the way they would have in the old country And this is true But it is also true that old people have been influenced by an American ideal of independence and autonomy So we live alone perhaps on the verge of starvation in time without friends but we are independent This standard American style has been forced on every ethnic group although there are many groups for whom the ideal is not
practical It is a poor ideal and pursuing it does a great deal of harm
This ideal of independence also contains a tremendous amount of unselfishness In talking to today’s young mothers I have asked them what kind of grandmothers they think they are going to be I hear devoted loving mothers say that when they are through raising their children they have no intention of becoming grandmothers They are astonished to hear that in most of the world throughout most of its history families have been three or fourgeneration families living under the same roof We have overemphasized the small family unit—father mother small children
We think it is wonderful if Grandma and Grandpa if they’re still alive can live alone
We have reached the point where we think the only thing we can do for our children is to stay out of their way and the only thing we can do for our daughterinlaw is to see as little of her as possible Old people’s nursing homes even the best run are filled with older people who believe the only thing they can do for their children is to look cheerful when they come to visit So in the end older people have to devote all their energies to not being a burden
We are beginning to see what a tremendous price we’ve paid for our emphasis on
independence and autonomy We have isolated old people and we’ve cut off the children from their grandparents One of the reasons we have as bad a generation gap today as we do is that grandparents have stepped out Young people are being deprived of the thing they need most—perspective to know why their parents behave so peculiarly and why their grandparents say the things they do
题目
Question 22 What have young Americans been accused of
Question 23 What does the speaker say about old people in the United States
Question 24 What is astonishing to the young mothers interviewed by the speaker
Question 25 What does the speaker say older people try their best to do
参考答案
22 C) Failing to care for parents in the traditional way
23 D) They have a sense of independence and autonomy
24 B) There have been extended families in most parts of the world
25 B) Avoid being a burden to their children
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
缺文章试题
参考答案
26 G) grabbed
27 B) declaration
28 M) stake
29 K) overwhelming
30 C) deteriorating
31 F) eroding
32 E) disaster
33 D) determined
34 O) urgent
35 A) capacity
Section B
（暂缺部分段落试题）
Children understand far more about other minds than long believed
A) Until a few decades ago scholars believed that young children know very little if anything about what others are thinking Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget who is credited with founding the scientific study of children’s thinking was convinced that preschool children cannot consider what goes on in the minds of others The interviews and experiments he conducted
with kids in the middle of the 20th century suggested that they were trapped in their subjective viewpoints incapable of imagining what others think feel or believe To him young children seemed oblivious to the fact that different people might hold distinct viewpoints or perspectives on the world or even that their own perspectives shift over time
B) Much of the subsequent research on early childhood thinking was highly influenced by Piaget’sideas
Scholars sought to refine his theory and empirically confirm his views But it became
increasingly clear that Piaget was missing something He seemed to have gravely
underestimated the intellectual powers of very young kids – before they can make themselves understood by speech or even intentional action Researchers began to devise ever more ingenious ways of figuring out what goes on in the minds of babies and the resulting picture of their abilities is becoming more and more nuanced…
C) Historically children didn’t receive much respect for their mental powers Piaget not only believed that children were egocentric in the sense that they were unable to differentiate between their own viewpoint and that of others he was also convinced that their thinking was characterized by systematic errors and confusions…
D) …
E) Today a very different picture of children’s mental development emerges Psychologists continually reveal new insights into the depth of young children’s knowledge of the world
including their understanding of other minds Recent studies suggest that even infants are sensitive to others’ perspectives and beliefs
F) Part of the motivation to revise some of Piaget’s conclusions stemmed from an ideological shift about the origin of human knowledge that occurred in the second half of the 20th century It became increasingly unpopular to assume that a basic understanding of the world can be built entirely from experience…
G) To prove that infants know more in this realm than had been acknowledged researchers needed to come up with innovative ways of showing it A big part of why we now recognize so much more of kids’ intellectual capacities is the development of much more sensitive research tools than Piaget had at his disposal
H) Instead of engaging babies in dialog or having them execute complex motor tasks the newer methods capitalize on behaviors that have a firm place in infants’ natural behavior repertoire looking listening sucking making facial expressions gestures and simple manual actions
The idea of focusing on these small behaviors is that they give kids the chance to
demonstrate their knowledge implicitly and spontaneously – without having to respond to questions or instructions For example children might look longer at an event that they did not expect to happen or they might show facial expressions indicating that they have empathy with another…
I) …
J) In a set of experiments…
K) …
L) Despite these obvious advances in the study of young children’s thinking it would be a grave mistake to dismiss the careful and systematic analyses compiled by Piaget and others before the new tests dominated the scene Doing so would be like throwing out the baby with the bathwater because the original methods revealed essential facts about how children think –
facts that the new minimalist methods cannot uncover
M) There’s no consensus in today’s community about how much we can infer from a look a grimace or a hand gesture These behaviors clearly indicate a curiosity about what goes on in the mind of others and probably a set of early intuitions coupled with a willingness to learn more They pave the way to richer and more explicit forms of understanding of the minds of
other But they can in no way replace the child’s growing ability to articulate and refine her understanding of how people behave and why
36 Piaget believed that small children…
37 The author and his colleagues…
38 In the latter half of the last century…
39 Research conducted by Jean…
40 Our improved understanding of babies…
41 It has been found in recent research…
42 Scientists are still debating…
43 The newer research methods focus on…
44 With the progress in psychology…
45 Even though marked advances have been made…
参考答案
36 C
37 J
38 F
39 A
40 G
41 E
42 M
43 H
44 B
45 L
Section C
Passage One
（暂缺文章试题）
参考答案
46 B) They hold a different view on stress from the popular one
47 D) They apply extreme tactics
48 A) They help him combat stress from work
49 D) It does not help build up one’s tolerance
50 C) Its effect varies considerably from person to person
Passage Two
（暂缺文章试题）
参考答案51 B) Hunting may also be a solution to the problem caused by hunting
52 C) It leads to ecological imbalance
53 A) Overpopulation is not an issue for most hunted animals
54 A) When it benefits animals and their ecosystem
55 C) Coordinated efforts of hunters and environmentalists
Part IV Translation (30 minutes)
翻译试题
三国演义写 14 世纪中国著名历史说部文学作品三国时期历史
基础描写二世纪半叶三世纪半叶魏蜀吴间战争说描写千
物数历史事件然物事件基真实历史程度
浪漫化戏剧化三国演义部公认文学巨著出版部说吸引
代代读者中国文化产生广泛持久影响
翻译参考译文
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms which was written during the 14th century is a
wellknown Chinese historical novel This piece of literature is based on the history of the Three Kingdoms period and depicts the wars between the states of Wei Wu and Shu from the latter part of the 2nd century AD to the second half of the 3rd century AD The novel portrays almost a thousand characters and countless historical events Although most of these figures and incidents are based on real history they are romanticized and dramatized to varying degrees The Romance
of the Three Kingdoms is generally recognized as a literary masterpiece Since its publication this novel has attracted generations of readers and had a widespread and longlasting impact on Chinese culture
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Part I Writing (30 minutes)
试题
Directions For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the saying The best preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words
参考范文
While we all desire to lead an ideal lifestyle some day most of us tend to do no more than create a blueprint for or even daydream about it Some may excuse themselves by claiming they are not ready to get started Actually they have yet to realize the truth of that saying The best preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today
Tomorrow is utterly unpredictable whereas only today can be under control This undisputed fact implies that attaining any goal requires us to seize the day and live it to the fullest If we want to for example improve our physical fitness just begin by going jogging this evening rather than waste time making workout plans for the following weeks It does not mean planning is of little value The point is that many people are prone to an illusory sense of satisfaction during this process hindering them from taking immediate action
It is very tough indeed overcoming our inertia But only by acting now and working hard can we move a step closer to success Those who put off until tomorrow what really matters to them will end up achieving nothing
Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
2020年7月学英语六级考试真题听力音频MP3超资料库00002745收录话题#六级听力27
（暂缺答题选项）
Section A
Conversation One
听力原文
M Tonight we have a very special guest Mrs Anna Sanchez is a three time Olympic champion and author of the new book To the Edge Mrs Sanchez thank you for joining us
W Thank you for having me
M Let’s start with your book What does the title To the Edge mean What are you referring to
W The book is about how science and technology has helped push humans to the edge of their physical abilities I argue that in the past 20 years we have had the best athletes the world has ever seen
M But is this a fair comparison How do you know how say a football player from 50 years ago would compare to one today
W Well you are right That comparison would be perhaps impossible to make But the point is more about our knowledge today of human biochemistry nutrition and mechanics I believe
that while our bodies have not changed in thousands of years what has changed is the scientific knowledge This has allowed athletes to push the limits of what was previously thought possible
M That’s interesting Please tell us more about these perceived limits
W The world has seen sports records being broken that could only be broken with the aid of technology whether this be the speed of a tennis serve or the fastest time in 100 meter dash or 200 meter swimming race
M Is there any concern that technology is giving some athletes an unfair advantage over othersW That is an interesting question and one that has to be considered very carefully Skis for example went from being made of wood to a metal alloy which allows for better control andfaster speed
There is no stopping technological progress But as I said each situation should
be considered carefully on a case by case basis
题目
1 What do we learn about Anna Sanchez
2 What is the woman’s book mainly about
3 What has changed in the past thousands of years
4 What is the man’s concern about the use of technology in sports competitions
参考答案
1 A) She is a great athlete
2 D) How technology has helped athletes to scale new heights
3 B) Our scientific knowledge
4 C) It may give an unfair advantage to some athletes
Conversation Two
听力原文
W I’ve worked in international trade all my life My father did so too before me So I guess you could say it runs in the family
M What products have you worked with
W All sorts really I’ve imported textiles machinery toys solar panels all kinds of things over the years Trends and demand come and go So one needs to be very flexible to succeed in this industry
M I see What goods are you trading now
W I now import furniture from China into Italy and foods from Italy into China I even use the same container It’s a very efficient way of conducting trade
M The same container You mean you own a 40foot cargo container
W Yeah that’s right I have a warehouse in Genoa Italy and another in Shanghai I source midcentury modern furniture from different factories in China It’s very good value for money I collect it all in my warehouse and then dispatch it to my other warehouse in Italy
Over there I do the same but with Italian foods instead of furniture things like pasta cheese wine chocolates And I send all that to my warehouse in China in the same freight container I use for the furniture
M So I presume you sell both lines of products wholesale in each respective country
W Of course I possess a network of clients and partners in both countries That’s the main benefit of having done this for so long I’ve made great business contacts over time
M How many times do you ship
W I did 12 shipments last year 18 this year and I hope to grow to around 25 next year That’s both ways there and back again Demand for authentic Italian food in China is growing rapidly And similarly sales of affordable yet stylish wooden furniture are also increasing in Italy Furniture is marginally more profitable mostly because it enjoys lower customs duties
题目
Q5 What does the woman think is required to be successful in international trade
Q6 What does the woman say is special about her way of doing tradeQ7 What does the woman have in both Italy and China
Q8 What does the woman say makes furniture marginally more profitable
参考答案
5 B) Flexibility
6 D) Using the same container back and forth
7 A) Warehouses
8 C) Lower import duties
Section B
Passage One
听力原文
Too many people view their jobs as a fiveday prison from which they are paroled every Friday says Joel Goodman founder of the Humour Project a humour consulting group in Saratoga Springs New York Humour unlocks the office prison because it lets adults bring some of their childlike spirit to the job
According to Howard Pollio professor of psychology at the University of Tennessee
Knoxville an office with humour breaks is an office with satisfied and productive employees
Pollio conducted a study that proved humour can help workers excel at routine production tasks
Employees perform better when they have fun
In large corporations with a hierarchy of power there is often no outlet for stress Every company needs underground ways of poking fun at the organization says Lynn Mark a speaker on workplace humour for St Mary’s Health Centre in St Louis
Kodak’s Rochester New York branch discovered a way for its 20000 employees to uncork their bottledup resentments Their 1000squarefoot Humour Room features a toy store Among the room’s many stressreducing gadgets the main attraction is a boss doll with detachable arms and legs Employees can take the doll apart as long as they put its arms and legs back in place
Sandy Cohen owner of a graphic print production business created the Quote Board to document the bizarre phrases people say when under strict deadlines When you’re under stress you say stupid things says Cohen Now we just look at each other and say that’s one for the Quote Board
题目
9 What does the passage say about humour in the workplace
10 What does the study by Howard Pollio show
11 What can Kodak’s employees do in the Humour Room
参考答案
9 A) It helps employees to reduce their stress
10 D) Humour can help workers excel at routine tasks
11 B) Take the boss doll apart as long as they can assemble it
Passage Two
听力原文
Public interest was aroused by the latest discovery of a changed gene in obese mice The news was made known by Rockefeller University geneticist Jeffrey Friedman The researchers believe this gene influences development of a hormone that tells the organism how fat or full it is Those with the changed gene may not sense when they have eaten enough or if they have sufficient fatty tissue and thus can＇t tell when to stop eating
The researchers also reported finding a gene nearly identical to the mouse obesity gene in humans The operation of this gene in humans has not yet been demonstrated however Still
professionals like University of Vermont psychologist Esther Rothblum reacted enthusiastically
This research indicates that people really are born with a tendency to have a certain weight just as they are to have a particular skin color or height
Actually behavioral geneticists believe that less than half of total weight variation is
programmed in the genes while height is almost entirely genetically determined
Whatever role genes play Americans are getting fatter A survey by the Center for Disease Control found that obesity has increased greatly over the last 10 years Such rapid change underlines the role of environmental factors like the abundance of rich foods in Americans’overeating
The Center for Disease Control has also found that teens are far less physically active than they were even a decade ago Accepting that weight is predetermined can relieve guilt for overweight people But people’s belief that they cannot control their weight can itself contribute to obesity
题目
Q12 What does the speaker say has aroused public interest
Q13 What do we learn about the changed gene
Q14 What does University of Vermont psychologist Esther Rothblum say
Q15 What accounts for Americans’ obesity according to a survey by the Center for Disease
Control
参考答案
12 A) The recent finding of a changed gene in obese mice
13 D) It renders mice unable to sense when to stop eating
14 C) People are born with a tendency to have a certain weight
15 B) The abundant provision of rich foods
Section C
Recording One
听力原文
Qualities of a relationship such as openness compassion and mental stimulation are of concern to most of us regardless of sex but – judging from the questionnaire response – they are more important to women than to men
Asked to consider the ingredients of close friendship women rated these qualities above all others Men assigned a lower priority to them in favor of similarity in interests selected by 77 of men and responsiveness in a crisis chosen by 61 of male respondents Mental stimulation
ranked third in popularity by men as well as women was the only area of overlap Among men only 28 named openness as an important quality caring was picked by just 23 It is evident by their selections that when women speak of close friendships they are referring to emotional factors while men emphasize the pleasure they find in a friend’s company That iswhen a man speaks of a friend he is likely to be talking about someone he does things with – a teammate a fellow hobbyist a drinking buddy These activities are the fabric of the friendship it is a doing relationship in which similarity in interests is the key bond This factor was a
consideration of less than 11 of women Women opt for a warm emotional atmosphere where communication flows freely activity is mere background
Lastly men as we have seen have serious questions about each other’s loyalty Perhaps this is why they placed such strong emphasis on responsiveness in a crisis – someone I can call on for help Women as their testimonies indicate are generally more secure with each other and
consequently are more likely to treat this issue lightly In followup interviews this was confirmed numerous times as woman after woman indicated that being there when needed was taken for granted
As for the hazards of friendship more than a few relationships have been shattered because of cutthroat competition and feelings of betrayal This applies to both men and women but unequally In comparison nearly twice as many men complained about these issues as women
Further while competition and betrayal are the main thorns to female friendship men are plagued in almost equal amounts by two additional issues lack of frankness and a fear of appearing unmanly Obviously for a man a good friendship is hard to find
题目
Q16 What quality do men value most concerning friendship according to a questionnaire response
Q17 What do women refer to when speaking of close friendships
Q18 What may threaten a friendship for both men and women
参考答案
16 A) Similarity in interests
17 D) Emotional factors
18 C) Feelings of betrayal
Recording Two
听力原文
The partial skeletons of more than 20 dinosaurs and the scattered bones of about 300 more have been discovered in Utah and Colorado at what is now the Dinosaur National Monument
Many of the best specimens may be seen today at museums of natural history in the larger cities of the United States and Canada This dinosaur pit is the largest and best preserved deposit of dinosaurs known today
Many people get the idea from the mass of bones in the pit wall that some disaster such as a volcanic explosion or a sudden flood killed a whole herd of dinosaurs in this area This could have happened but it probably did not
The main reasons for thinking otherwise are the scattered bones and the thickness of the deposit In other deposits where the animals were thought to have died together the skeletons were usually complete and often all the bones were in their proper places Rounded pieces of fossil bone have been found here These fragments got their smooth round shape by rolling along the stream bottom In a mass killing the bones would have been left on the stream or lake bottom
together at the same level But in this deposit the bones occur throughout a zone of sandstone about 12 feet thick The mixture of swamp dwellers and dryland types also seems to indicate that the deposit is a mixture from different places
The pit area is a large dinosaur graveyard not a place where they died Most of the remains probably floated down an eastward flowing river until they were left on a shallow sandbar Some of them may have come from faraway dryland areas to the west Perhaps they drowned trying to cross a small stream or were washed away during floods Some of the swamp dwellers may have
got stuck in the very sandbar that became their grave others may have floated for miles before being stranded
Even today similar events take place When floods come in the spring sheep cattle and deer are often trapped by rising waters and often drown Their dead bodies float downstream until the flood recedes and leaves them stranded on a bar or shore where they lie half buried in the sand
until they decay Early travelers on the Missouri river reported that shores and bars were often lined with the decaying bodies of buffalo that had died during spring floods
题目
Q19 Where can many of the best dinosaur specimens be found in North America
Q20 What occurs to many people when they see the massive bones in the pit wall
Q21 What does the speaker suggest about the large number of dinosaur bones found in the pit
参考答案
19 D) At museums of natural history in large cities
20 B) Some natural disaster killed a whole herd of dinosaurs in the area
21 A) They floated down an eastward of flowing river
Recording Three
听力原文
I would like particularly to talk about the need to develop a new style of aging in our own society Young people in this country have been accused of not caring for their parents the way they would have in the old country And this is true But it is also true that old people have been influenced by an American ideal of independence and autonomy So we live alone perhaps on the verge of starvation in time without friends but we are independent This standard American style has been forced on every ethnic group although there are many groups for whom the ideal is not
practical It is a poor ideal and pursuing it does a great deal of harm
This ideal of independence also contains a tremendous amount of unselfishness In talking to today’s young mothers I have asked them what kind of grandmothers they think they are going to be I hear devoted loving mothers say that when they are through raising their children they have no intention of becoming grandmothers They are astonished to hear that in most of the world throughout most of its history families have been three or fourgeneration families living under the same roof We have overemphasized the small family unit—father mother small children
We think it is wonderful if Grandma and Grandpa if they’re still alive can live alone
We have reached the point where we think the only thing we can do for our children is to stay out of their way and the only thing we can do for our daughterinlaw is to see as little of her as possible Old people’s nursing homes even the best run are filled with older people who believe the only thing they can do for their children is to look cheerful when they come to visit So in the end older people have to devote all their energies to not being a burden
We are beginning to see what a tremendous price we’ve paid for our emphasis on
independence and autonomy We have isolated old people and we’ve cut off the children from their grandparents One of the reasons we have as bad a generation gap today as we do is that grandparents have stepped out Young people are being deprived of the thing they need most—perspective to know why their parents behave so peculiarly and why their grandparents say the things they do
题目
Question 22 What have young Americans been accused of
Question 23 What does the speaker say about old people in the United States
Question 24 What is astonishing to the young mothers interviewed by the speaker
Question 25 What does the speaker say older people try their best to do
参考答案
22 C) Failing to care for parents in the traditional way
23 D) They have a sense of independence and autonomy
24 B) There have been extended families in most parts of the world
25 B) Avoid being a burden to their children
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
缺文章试题
参考答案
26 G) grabbed
27 B) declaration
28 M) stake
29 K) overwhelming
30 C) deteriorating
31 F) eroding
32 E) disaster
33 D) determined
34 O) urgent
35 A) capacity
Section B
（暂缺部分段落试题）
Children understand far more about other minds than long believed
A) Until a few decades ago scholars believed that young children know very little if anything about what others are thinking Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget who is credited with founding the scientific study of children’s thinking was convinced that preschool children cannot consider what goes on in the minds of others The interviews and experiments he conducted
with kids in the middle of the 20th century suggested that they were trapped in their subjective viewpoints incapable of imagining what others think feel or believe To him young children seemed oblivious to the fact that different people might hold distinct viewpoints or perspectives on the world or even that their own perspectives shift over time
B) Much of the subsequent research on early childhood thinking was highly influenced by Piaget’sideas
Scholars sought to refine his theory and empirically confirm his views But it became
increasingly clear that Piaget was missing something He seemed to have gravely
underestimated the intellectual powers of very young kids – before they can make themselves understood by speech or even intentional action Researchers began to devise ever more ingenious ways of figuring out what goes on in the minds of babies and the resulting picture of their abilities is becoming more and more nuanced…
C) Historically children didn’t receive much respect for their mental powers Piaget not only believed that children were egocentric in the sense that they were unable to differentiate between their own viewpoint and that of others he was also convinced that their thinking was characterized by systematic errors and confusions…
D) …
E) Today a very different picture of children’s mental development emerges Psychologists continually reveal new insights into the depth of young children’s knowledge of the world
including their understanding of other minds Recent studies suggest that even infants are sensitive to others’ perspectives and beliefs
F) Part of the motivation to revise some of Piaget’s conclusions stemmed from an ideological shift about the origin of human knowledge that occurred in the second half of the 20th century It became increasingly unpopular to assume that a basic understanding of the world can be built entirely from experience…
G) To prove that infants know more in this realm than had been acknowledged researchers needed to come up with innovative ways of showing it A big part of why we now recognize so much more of kids’ intellectual capacities is the development of much more sensitive research tools than Piaget had at his disposal
H) Instead of engaging babies in dialog or having them execute complex motor tasks the newer methods capitalize on behaviors that have a firm place in infants’ natural behavior repertoire looking listening sucking making facial expressions gestures and simple manual actions
The idea of focusing on these small behaviors is that they give kids the chance to
demonstrate their knowledge implicitly and spontaneously – without having to respond to questions or instructions For example children might look longer at an event that they did not expect to happen or they might show facial expressions indicating that they have empathy with another…
I) …
J) In a set of experiments…
K) …
L) Despite these obvious advances in the study of young children’s thinking it would be a grave mistake to dismiss the careful and systematic analyses compiled by Piaget and others before the new tests dominated the scene Doing so would be like throwing out the baby with the bathwater because the original methods revealed essential facts about how children think –
facts that the new minimalist methods cannot uncover
M) There’s no consensus in today’s community about how much we can infer from a look a grimace or a hand gesture These behaviors clearly indicate a curiosity about what goes on in the mind of others and probably a set of early intuitions coupled with a willingness to learn more They pave the way to richer and more explicit forms of understanding of the minds of
other But they can in no way replace the child’s growing ability to articulate and refine her understanding of how people behave and why
36 Piaget believed that small children…
37 The author and his colleagues…
38 In the latter half of the last century…
39 Research conducted by Jean…
40 Our improved understanding of babies…
41 It has been found in recent research…
42 Scientists are still debating…
43 The newer research methods focus on…
44 With the progress in psychology…
45 Even though marked advances have been made…
参考答案
36 C
37 J
38 F
39 A
40 G
41 E
42 M
43 H
44 B
45 L
Section C
Passage One
（暂缺文章试题）
参考答案
46 B) They hold a different view on stress from the popular one
47 D) They apply extreme tactics
48 A) They help him combat stress from work
49 D) It does not help build up one’s tolerance
50 C) Its effect varies considerably from person to person
Passage Two
（暂缺文章试题）
参考答案51 B) Hunting may also be a solution to the problem caused by hunting
52 C) It leads to ecological imbalance
53 A) Overpopulation is not an issue for most hunted animals
54 A) When it benefits animals and their ecosystem
55 C) Coordinated efforts of hunters and environmentalists
Part IV Translation (30 minutes)
翻译试题
三国演义写 14 世纪中国著名历史说部文学作品三国时期历史
基础描写二世纪半叶三世纪半叶魏蜀吴间战争说描写千
物数历史事件然物事件基真实历史程度
浪漫化戏剧化三国演义部公认文学巨著出版部说吸引
代代读者中国文化产生广泛持久影响
翻译参考译文
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms which was written during the 14th century is a
wellknown Chinese historical novel This piece of literature is based on the history of the Three Kingdoms period and depicts the wars between the states of Wei Wu and Shu from the latter part of the 2nd century AD to the second half of the 3rd century AD The novel portrays almost a thousand characters and countless historical events Although most of these figures and incidents are based on real history they are romanticized and dramatized to varying degrees The Romance
of the Three Kingdoms is generally recognized as a literary masterpiece Since its publication this novel has attracted generations of readers and had a widespread and longlasting impact on Chinese culture
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