2016年6月学英语六级第1套真题
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on living in the virtual world Tryto imagine what will happen when people spend more and more time in the virtual world instead ofinteracting in the real world You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words
Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
Directions In this section you will hear two long conversations At the end of each conversation you will hear four questions Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once After you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) B) C) and D) Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard
1 A) Project organizer B) Public relations officer
C) Marketing manager D) Market research consultant
2 A) Quantitative advertising research B) Questionnaire design
C) Research methodology D) Interviewer training
3 A) They are intensive studies of people’s spending habits
B) They examine relations between producers and customers
C) They look for new and effective ways to promote products
D) They study trends or customer satisfaction over a long period
4 A) The lack of promotion opportunity B) Checking charts and tables
C) Designing questionnaires D) The persistent intensity
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard
5 A) His view on Canadian universities
B) His understanding of higher education
C) His suggestions for improvements in higher education
D) His complaint about bureaucracy in American universities
6 A) It is well designed B) It is rather inflexible
C) It varies among universities D) It has undergone great changes
7 A) The United States and Canada can learn from each other
B) Public universities are often superior to private universities
C) Everyone should be given equal access to higher education
D) Private schools work more efficiently than public institutions
8 A) University systems vary from country to country
B) Efficiency is essential to university management
C) It is hard to say which is better a public university or a private one
D) Many private universities in the US are actually large bureaucracies
Section B
Directions In this section you will hear two passages At the end of each passage you will hear three or four questions Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once After you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) B) C) and D) Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard
9 A) Government’s role in resolving an economic crisis
B) The worsening real wage situation around the world
C) Indications of economic recovery in the United States
D) The impact of the current economic crisis on people’s life
10 A) They will feel less pressure to raise employees’ wages
B) They will feel free to choose the most suitable employees
C) They will feel inclined to expand their business operations
D) They will feel more confident in competing with their rivals
11 A) Employees and companies cooperate to pull through the economic crisis
B) Government and companies join hands to create jobs for the unemployed
C) Employees work shorter hours to avoid layoffs
D) Team work will be encouraged in companies
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard
12 A) Whether memory supplements work B) Whether herbal medicine works wonders
C) Whether exercise enhances one’s memory D) Whether a magic memory promises success
13 A) They help the elderly more than the young B) They are beneficial in one way or another
C) They generally do not have side effects D) They are not based on real science
14 A) They are available at most country fairs B) They are taken in relatively high dosage
C) They are collected or grown by farmers D) They are prescribed by trained practitioners
15 A) They have often proved to be as helpful as doing mental exercise
B) Taking them with other medications might entail unnecessary risks
C) Their effect lasts only a short time
D) Many have benefited from them
Section C
Directions In this section you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions The recordings will be played only once After you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) B) C) and D) Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the center
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard
16 A) How catastrophic natural disasters turn out to be to developing nations
B) How the World Meteorological Organization studies natural disasters
C) How powerless humans appear to be in face of natural disasters
D) How the negative impacts of natural disasters can be reduced
17 A) By training rescue teams for emergencies B) By taking steps to prepare people for them
C) By changing people’s views of nature D) By relocating people to safer places
18 A) How preventive action can reduce the loss of life
B) How courageous Cubans are in face of disasters
C) How Cubans suffer from tropical storms
D) How destructive tropical storms can be
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard
19 A) Pay back their loans to the American government
B) Provide loans to those in severe financial difficulty
C) Contribute more to the goal of a wider recovery
D) Speed up their recovery from the housing bubble
20 A) Some banks may have to merge with others
B) Many smaller regional banks are going to fail
C) It will be hard for banks to provide more loans
D) Many banks will have to lay off some employees
21 A) It will work closely with the government
B) It will endeavor to write off bad loans
C) It will try to lower the interest rate
D) It will try to provide more loans
22 A) It won’t help the American economy to turn around
B) It won’t do any good to the major commercial banks
C) It will win the approval of the Obama administration
D) It will be necessary if the economy starts to shrink again
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard
23 A) Being unable to learn new things B) Being rather slow to make changes
C) Losing temper more and more often D) Losing the ability to get on with others
24 A) Cognitive stimulation B) Community activity
C) Balanced diet D) Fresh air
25 A) Ignoring the signs and symptoms of aging
B) Adopting an optimistic attitude towards life
C) Endeavoring to give up unhealthy lifestyles
D) Seeking advice from doctors from time to time
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions In this section there is a passage with ten blanks You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage Read the passage through carefully before making your choices Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once
Pursuing a career is an essential part of adolescent development The adolescent becomes an adult when he 26 a real job To cognitive researchers like Piaget adulthood meant the beginning of an 27
Piaget argued that once adolescents enter the world of work their newly acquired ability to form hypotheses allows them to create representations that are too ideal The 28 of such ideals without the tempering of the reality of a job or profession rapidly leads adolescents to become 29 of the nonidealistic world and to press for reform in a characteristically adolescent way Piaget said True adaptation to society comes 30 when the adolescent reformer attempts to put his ideas to work
Of course youthful idealism is often courageous and no one likes to give up dreams Perhaps taken 31 out of context Piaget’s statement seems harsh What he was 32 however is the way reality can modify idealistic views Some people refer to such modification as maturity Piaget argued that attaining and accepting a vocation is one of the best ways to modify idealized views and to mature
As careers and vocations become less available during times of 33 adolescents may be especially hard hit Such difficult economic times may leave many adolescents 34 about their roles in society For this reason community interventions and government job programs that offer summer and vacation work are not only economically 35 but also help to stimulate the adolescent’s sense of worth
A) automatically B) beneficial C) capturing D) confused E) emphasizing
F) entrance G) excited H) existence I) incidentally J) intolerant
K) occupation L) promises M) recession N) slightly O) undertakes
Section B
Directions In this section you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived You may choose a paragraph more than once Each paragraph is marked with a letter Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2
Can Societies Be Rich and Green
[A] If our economies are to flourish if global poverty is to be eliminated and if the wellbeing of the world’s people enhanced—not just in this generation but in succeeding generations—we must make sure we take care of the natural environment and resources on which our economic activity depends That statement comes not as you might imagine from a stereotypical treehugging savetheworld greenie ( 环保义者 ) but from Gordon Brown a politician with a reputation for rigor thoroughness and above all caution
[B] A surprising thing for the man who runs one of the world’s most powerful economies to say Perhaps though in the runup to the fiveyear review of the Millennium ( 千年 ) Goals he is far from alone The roots of his speech given in March at the roundtable meeting of environment and energy ministers from the G20 group of nations stretch back to 1972 and the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment i
n Stockholm
[C] The protection and improvement of the human environment is a major issue which affects the wellbeing of peoples and economic development throughout the world read the final declaration from this gathering the first of a sequence which would lead to the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit in 1992 and the World Development Summit in Johannesburg three years ago
[D] Hunt through the reports prepared by UN agencies and development groups—many for conferences such as this year’s Millennium Goals review—and you will find that the linkage between environmental protection and economic progress is a common thread
[E] Managing ecosystems sustainably is more profitable than exploiting them according to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment But finding hard evidence to support the thesis is not so easy Thoughts turn first to some sort of global statistic some indicator which would rate the wealth of nations in both economic and environmental terms and show a relationship between the two
[F] If such an indicator exists it is well hidden And on reflection this is not surprising the single word environment has so many dimensions and there are so many other factors affecting wealth—such as the oil deposits—that teasing out a simple economyenvironment relationship would be almost impossible
[G] The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment a vast fouryear global study which reported its initial conclusions earlier this year found reasons to believe that managing ecosystems sustainably—working with nature rather than against it—might be less profitable in the short term but certainly brings longterm rewards
[H] And the World Resources Institute (WRI) in its World Resources 2005 report issued at the end of August produced several such examples from Africa and Asia it also demonstrated that environmental degradation affects the poor more than the rich as poorer people derive a much higher proportion of their income directly from the natural resources around them
[I] But there are also many examples of growing wealth by trashing the environment in rich and poor parts of 6 the world alike whether through unregulated mineral extraction drastic water use for agriculture slashandburn farming or fossilfuelguzzling ( 量消耗 ) transport Of course such growth may not persist in the long term— which is what Mr Brown and the Stockholm declaration were both attempting to point out Perhaps the best example of boom growth and bust decline is the Grand Banks fishery For almost five centuries a very large supply of cod ( 鳕鱼 ) provided abundant raw material for an industry which at its peak employed about 40000 people sustaining entire communities in Newfoundland Then abruptly the cod population collapsed There were no longer enough fish in the sea for the stock to maintain itself let alone an industry More than a decade later there was no sign of the ecosystem rebuilding itself It had apparently been fished out of existence and the once mighty Newfoundland fleet now gropes about frantically for crab on the sea floor
[J] There is a view that modern humans are inevitably sowing the seeds of a global Grand Banksstyle disaster The idea is that we are taking more out of what you might call the planet’s environmental bank balance than it can sustain we are living beyond our ecological means One recent study attempted to calculate the extent of this ecological overshoot of the human economy and found that we are using 12 Earth’sworth of environmental goods and services—the implication being that at some point the debt will be called in and all those services—the things which the planet does for us for free—will grind to a halt
[K] Whether this is right and if so where and when the ecological axe will fall is hard to determine with any precision—which is why governments and financial institutions are only beginning to bring such risks into their economic calculations It is also the reason why development agencies are not united in their view of environmental issues while some like the WRI maintain that environmental progress needs to go handinhand with economic development others argue that the priority is to build a thriving economy and then use the wealth created to tackle environmental degradation
[L] This view assumes that rich societies will invest in environmental care But is this right Do things get better or worse as we get richer Here the Stockholm declaration is ambiguous In the developing countries it says most of the environmental problems are caused by underdevelopment So it is saying that economic development should make for a cleaner world Not necessarily In the industralized countries environmental problems are generally related to industrialization and technological development it continues In other words poor and rich both overexploit the natural world but for different reasons It’s simply not true that economic growth will surely make our world cleaner
[M] Clearly richer societies are able to provide environmental improvements which lie well beyond the reach of poorer communities Citizens of wealthy nations demand national parks clean rivers clean air and poisonfree food They also however use far more natural resourcesfuel water (all those baths and golf courses) and building materials
[N] A case can be made that rich nations export environmental problems the most graphic example being climate change As a country’s wealth grows so do its greenhouse gas emissions The figures available will not be completely accurate Measuring emissions is not a precise science particularly when it comes to issues surrounding land use not all nations have released uptodate data and in any case emissions from some sectors such as aviation are not included in national statistics But the data is exact enough for a clear trend to be easily discernible As countries become richer they produce more greenhouse gases and the impact of those gases will fall primarily in poor parts of the world
[O] Wealth is not of course the only factor involved The average Norwegian is better off than the average US citizen but contributes about half as much to climate change But could Norway keep its standard of living and yet cut its emissions to Moroccan or even Ethiopian levels That question repeated across a dozen environmental issues and across our diverse planet is what will ultimately determine whether the human race is living beyond its ecological means as it pursues economic revival
36 Examples show that both rich and poor countries exploited the environment for economic progress
37 Environmental protection and improvement benefit people all over the world
38 It is not necessarily true that economic growth will make our world cleaner
39 The common theme of the UN reports is the relation between environmental protection and economic growth
40 Development agencies disagree regarding how to tackle environment issues while ensuring economic progress
41 It is difficult to find solid evidence to prove environmental friendliness generates more profits than exploiting the natural environment
42 Sustainable management of ecosystems will prove rewarding in the long run
43 A politician noted for being cautious asserts that sustainable human development depends on the natural environment
44 Poor countries will have to bear the cost for rich nations’ economic development
45 One recent study warns us of the danger of the exhaustion of natural resources on Earth
Section C
Directions There are two passages in this section Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements For each of them there are four choices marked A) B) C)and D)You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage
Interactive television advertising which allows viewers to use their remote controls to click on advertisements has been pushed for years Nearly a decade ago it was predicted that viewers of Friends a popular situation comedy would soon be able to purchase a sweater like Jennifer Aniston’s with a few taps on their remote control It’s been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or twelve years says Colin Dixon of a digitalmedia consultancy
So the news that Cablevision an American cable company was rolling out interactive advertisements to all its customers on October 6th was greeted with some skepticism During commercials an overlay will appear at the bottom of the screen prompting viewers to press a button to request a free sample or order a catalogue Cablevision 8 hopes to allow customers to buy things with their remote controls early next year
Television advertising could do with a boost Spending fell by 10 in the first half of the year The popularization of digital video recorders has caused advertisers to worry that their commercials will be skipped Some are turning to the Internet which is cheaper and offers concrete measurements like clickthrough rates—especially important at a time when marketing budgets are tight With the launch of interactive advertising many of the dollars that went to the Internet will come back to the TV says David Kline of Cablevision Or so the industry hopes
In theory interactive advertising can engage viewers in a way that 30second spots do not Unilever recently ran an interactive campaign for its Axe deodorant ( 臭剂 ) which kept viewers engaged for more than three minutes on average
The amount spent on interactive advertising on television is still small Magna an advertising agency reckons it will be worth about 138 million this year That falls far short of the billions of dollars people once expected it to generate But DirecTV Comcast and Time Warner Cable have all invested in it A new effort led by Canoe Ventures a coalition of leading cable providers aims to make interactive advertising available across America later this year BrightLine iTV which designs and sells interactive ads says interest has surged it expects its revenues almost to triple this year BSkyB Britain’s biggest satellitetelevision service already provides 9 million customers with interactive ads
Yet there are doubts whether people watching television a lean back medium crave interaction Clickthrough rates have been high so far (around 3–4 compared with less than 03 online) but that may be a result of the novelty Interactive ads and viewers might not go well together
46 What does Colin Dixon mean by saying It’s been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or twelve years (Lines 3–4 Para1)
A) Interactive television advertising will become popular in 10–12 years
B) Interactive television advertising has been under debate for the last decade or so
C) Interactive television advertising is successful when incorporated into situation comedies
D) Interactive television advertising has not achieved the anticipated results
47 What is the public’s response to Cablevision’s planned interactive TV advertising program
A) Pretty positive B) Totally indifferent
C) Somewhat doubtful D) Rather critical
48 What is the impact of the wide use of digital video recorders on TV advertising
A) It has made TV advertising easily accessible to viewers
B) It helps advertisers to measure the clickthrough rates
C) It has placed TV advertising at a great disadvantage
D) It enables viewers to check the sales items with ease
49 What do we learn about Unilever’s interactive campaign
A) It proves the advantage of TV advertising B) It has done well in engaging the viewers
C) It helps attract investments in the company D) It has boosted the TV advertising industry
50 How does the author view the hitherto high clickthrough rates
A) They may be due to the novel way of advertising
B) They signify the popularity of interactive advertising
C) They point to the growing curiosity of TV viewers
D) They indicate the future direction of media reform
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage
What can be done about mass unemployment All the wise heads agree there’re no quick or easy answers There’s work to be done but workers aren’t ready to do it—they’re in the wrong places or they have the wrong skills Our problems are structural and will take many years to solve
But don’t bother asking for evidence that justifies this bleak view There isn’t any On the contrary all the facts suggest that high unemployment in America is the result of inadequate demand Saying that there’re no easy answers sounds wise but it’s actually foolish our unemployment crisis could be cured very quickly if we had the intellectual clarity and political will to act In other words structural unemployment is a fake problem which mainly serves as an excuse for not pursing real solutions
The fact is job openings have plunged in every major sector while the number of workers forced into parttime employment in almost all industries has soared Unemployment has surged in every major occupational category Only three states with a combined population not much larger than that of Brooklyn have unemployment rates below 5 So the evidence contradicts the claim that we’re mainly suffering from structural unemployment Why then has this claim become so popular
Part of the answer is that this is what always happens during periods of high unemployment—in part because experts and analysts believe that declaring the problem deeply rooted with no easy answers makes them sound serious
I’ve been looking at what selfproclaimed experts were saying about unemployment during the Great Depression it was almost identical to what Very Serious People are saying now Unemployment cannot be brought down rapidly declared one 1935 analysis because the workforce is unadaptable and untrained It cannot respond to the opportunities which industry may offer A few years later a large defense buildup finally provided a fiscal stimulus adequate to the economy’s needs—and suddenly industry was eager to employ those unadaptable and untrained workers
But now as then powerful forces are ideologically opposed to the whole idea of government action on a sufficient scale to jumpstart the economy And that fundamentally is why claims that we face huge structural problems have been multiplying they offer a reason to do nothing about the mass unemployment that is crippling our economy and our society
So what you need to know is that there’s no evidence whatsoever to back these claims We aren’t suffering from a shortage of needed skills we’re suffering from a lack of policy resolve As I said structural unemployment isn’t a real problem it’s an excuse—a reason not to act on America’s problems at a time when action is desperately needed
51 What does the author think is the root cause of mass unemployment in America
A) Corporate mismanagement B) Insufficient demand
C) Technological advances D) Workers’ slow adaptation
52 What does the author think of the experts’ claim concerning unemployment
A) Selfevident B) Thoughtprovoking
C) Irrational D) Groundless
53 What does the author say helped bring down unemployment during the Great Depression
A) The booming defense industry B) The wise heads’ benefit package
C) Nationwide training of workers D) Thorough restructuring of industries
54 What has caused claims of huge structural problems to multiply
A) Powerful opposition to government’s stimulus efforts
B) Very Serious People’s attempt to cripple the economy
C) Evidence gathered from many sectors of the industries
D) Economists’ failure to detect the problems in time
55 What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage
A) To testify to the experts’ analysis of America’s problems
B) To offer a feasible solution to the structural unemployment
C) To show the urgent need for the government to take action
D) To alert American workers to the urgency for adaptation
Part IV Translation (30 minutes)
Directions For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English You shouldwrite your answer on Answer Sheet 2
中国创新正前未速度蓬勃发展科学技术快赶超世界发达国家中国年幅度增加研究开发资金中国学研究正积极开展创新研究研究覆盖数生物化学新源机器等高科技领域科技园合作创新成果商业化时产品商业模式中国企业家努力争做创新先锋适应国外消费市场断变化增长需求
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Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on living in the virtual world Tryto imagine what will happen when people spend more and more time in the virtual world instead ofinteracting in the real world You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words
Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
Directions In this section you will hear two long conversations At the end of each conversation you will hear four questions Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once After you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) B) C) and D) Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard
1 A) Project organizer B) Public relations officer
C) Marketing manager D) Market research consultant
2 A) Quantitative advertising research B) Questionnaire design
C) Research methodology D) Interviewer training
3 A) They are intensive studies of people’s spending habits
B) They examine relations between producers and customers
C) They look for new and effective ways to promote products
D) They study trends or customer satisfaction over a long period
4 A) The lack of promotion opportunity B) Checking charts and tables
C) Designing questionnaires D) The persistent intensity
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard
5 A) His view on Canadian universities
B) His understanding of higher education
C) His suggestions for improvements in higher education
D) His complaint about bureaucracy in American universities
6 A) It is well designed B) It is rather inflexible
C) It varies among universities D) It has undergone great changes
7 A) The United States and Canada can learn from each other
B) Public universities are often superior to private universities
C) Everyone should be given equal access to higher education
D) Private schools work more efficiently than public institutions
8 A) University systems vary from country to country
B) Efficiency is essential to university management
C) It is hard to say which is better a public university or a private one
D) Many private universities in the US are actually large bureaucracies
Section B
Directions In this section you will hear two passages At the end of each passage you will hear three or four questions Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once After you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) B) C) and D) Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard
9 A) Government’s role in resolving an economic crisis
B) The worsening real wage situation around the world
C) Indications of economic recovery in the United States
D) The impact of the current economic crisis on people’s life
10 A) They will feel less pressure to raise employees’ wages
B) They will feel free to choose the most suitable employees
C) They will feel inclined to expand their business operations
D) They will feel more confident in competing with their rivals
11 A) Employees and companies cooperate to pull through the economic crisis
B) Government and companies join hands to create jobs for the unemployed
C) Employees work shorter hours to avoid layoffs
D) Team work will be encouraged in companies
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard
12 A) Whether memory supplements work B) Whether herbal medicine works wonders
C) Whether exercise enhances one’s memory D) Whether a magic memory promises success
13 A) They help the elderly more than the young B) They are beneficial in one way or another
C) They generally do not have side effects D) They are not based on real science
14 A) They are available at most country fairs B) They are taken in relatively high dosage
C) They are collected or grown by farmers D) They are prescribed by trained practitioners
15 A) They have often proved to be as helpful as doing mental exercise
B) Taking them with other medications might entail unnecessary risks
C) Their effect lasts only a short time
D) Many have benefited from them
Section C
Directions In this section you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions The recordings will be played only once After you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) B) C) and D) Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the center
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard
16 A) How catastrophic natural disasters turn out to be to developing nations
B) How the World Meteorological Organization studies natural disasters
C) How powerless humans appear to be in face of natural disasters
D) How the negative impacts of natural disasters can be reduced
17 A) By training rescue teams for emergencies B) By taking steps to prepare people for them
C) By changing people’s views of nature D) By relocating people to safer places
18 A) How preventive action can reduce the loss of life
B) How courageous Cubans are in face of disasters
C) How Cubans suffer from tropical storms
D) How destructive tropical storms can be
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard
19 A) Pay back their loans to the American government
B) Provide loans to those in severe financial difficulty
C) Contribute more to the goal of a wider recovery
D) Speed up their recovery from the housing bubble
20 A) Some banks may have to merge with others
B) Many smaller regional banks are going to fail
C) It will be hard for banks to provide more loans
D) Many banks will have to lay off some employees
21 A) It will work closely with the government
B) It will endeavor to write off bad loans
C) It will try to lower the interest rate
D) It will try to provide more loans
22 A) It won’t help the American economy to turn around
B) It won’t do any good to the major commercial banks
C) It will win the approval of the Obama administration
D) It will be necessary if the economy starts to shrink again
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard
23 A) Being unable to learn new things B) Being rather slow to make changes
C) Losing temper more and more often D) Losing the ability to get on with others
24 A) Cognitive stimulation B) Community activity
C) Balanced diet D) Fresh air
25 A) Ignoring the signs and symptoms of aging
B) Adopting an optimistic attitude towards life
C) Endeavoring to give up unhealthy lifestyles
D) Seeking advice from doctors from time to time
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions In this section there is a passage with ten blanks You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage Read the passage through carefully before making your choices Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once
Pursuing a career is an essential part of adolescent development The adolescent becomes an adult when he 26 a real job To cognitive researchers like Piaget adulthood meant the beginning of an 27
Piaget argued that once adolescents enter the world of work their newly acquired ability to form hypotheses allows them to create representations that are too ideal The 28 of such ideals without the tempering of the reality of a job or profession rapidly leads adolescents to become 29 of the nonidealistic world and to press for reform in a characteristically adolescent way Piaget said True adaptation to society comes 30 when the adolescent reformer attempts to put his ideas to work
Of course youthful idealism is often courageous and no one likes to give up dreams Perhaps taken 31 out of context Piaget’s statement seems harsh What he was 32 however is the way reality can modify idealistic views Some people refer to such modification as maturity Piaget argued that attaining and accepting a vocation is one of the best ways to modify idealized views and to mature
As careers and vocations become less available during times of 33 adolescents may be especially hard hit Such difficult economic times may leave many adolescents 34 about their roles in society For this reason community interventions and government job programs that offer summer and vacation work are not only economically 35 but also help to stimulate the adolescent’s sense of worth
A) automatically B) beneficial C) capturing D) confused E) emphasizing
F) entrance G) excited H) existence I) incidentally J) intolerant
K) occupation L) promises M) recession N) slightly O) undertakes
Section B
Directions In this section you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived You may choose a paragraph more than once Each paragraph is marked with a letter Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2
Can Societies Be Rich and Green
[A] If our economies are to flourish if global poverty is to be eliminated and if the wellbeing of the world’s people enhanced—not just in this generation but in succeeding generations—we must make sure we take care of the natural environment and resources on which our economic activity depends That statement comes not as you might imagine from a stereotypical treehugging savetheworld greenie ( 环保义者 ) but from Gordon Brown a politician with a reputation for rigor thoroughness and above all caution
[B] A surprising thing for the man who runs one of the world’s most powerful economies to say Perhaps though in the runup to the fiveyear review of the Millennium ( 千年 ) Goals he is far from alone The roots of his speech given in March at the roundtable meeting of environment and energy ministers from the G20 group of nations stretch back to 1972 and the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment i
n Stockholm
[C] The protection and improvement of the human environment is a major issue which affects the wellbeing of peoples and economic development throughout the world read the final declaration from this gathering the first of a sequence which would lead to the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit in 1992 and the World Development Summit in Johannesburg three years ago
[D] Hunt through the reports prepared by UN agencies and development groups—many for conferences such as this year’s Millennium Goals review—and you will find that the linkage between environmental protection and economic progress is a common thread
[E] Managing ecosystems sustainably is more profitable than exploiting them according to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment But finding hard evidence to support the thesis is not so easy Thoughts turn first to some sort of global statistic some indicator which would rate the wealth of nations in both economic and environmental terms and show a relationship between the two
[F] If such an indicator exists it is well hidden And on reflection this is not surprising the single word environment has so many dimensions and there are so many other factors affecting wealth—such as the oil deposits—that teasing out a simple economyenvironment relationship would be almost impossible
[G] The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment a vast fouryear global study which reported its initial conclusions earlier this year found reasons to believe that managing ecosystems sustainably—working with nature rather than against it—might be less profitable in the short term but certainly brings longterm rewards
[H] And the World Resources Institute (WRI) in its World Resources 2005 report issued at the end of August produced several such examples from Africa and Asia it also demonstrated that environmental degradation affects the poor more than the rich as poorer people derive a much higher proportion of their income directly from the natural resources around them
[I] But there are also many examples of growing wealth by trashing the environment in rich and poor parts of 6 the world alike whether through unregulated mineral extraction drastic water use for agriculture slashandburn farming or fossilfuelguzzling ( 量消耗 ) transport Of course such growth may not persist in the long term— which is what Mr Brown and the Stockholm declaration were both attempting to point out Perhaps the best example of boom growth and bust decline is the Grand Banks fishery For almost five centuries a very large supply of cod ( 鳕鱼 ) provided abundant raw material for an industry which at its peak employed about 40000 people sustaining entire communities in Newfoundland Then abruptly the cod population collapsed There were no longer enough fish in the sea for the stock to maintain itself let alone an industry More than a decade later there was no sign of the ecosystem rebuilding itself It had apparently been fished out of existence and the once mighty Newfoundland fleet now gropes about frantically for crab on the sea floor
[J] There is a view that modern humans are inevitably sowing the seeds of a global Grand Banksstyle disaster The idea is that we are taking more out of what you might call the planet’s environmental bank balance than it can sustain we are living beyond our ecological means One recent study attempted to calculate the extent of this ecological overshoot of the human economy and found that we are using 12 Earth’sworth of environmental goods and services—the implication being that at some point the debt will be called in and all those services—the things which the planet does for us for free—will grind to a halt
[K] Whether this is right and if so where and when the ecological axe will fall is hard to determine with any precision—which is why governments and financial institutions are only beginning to bring such risks into their economic calculations It is also the reason why development agencies are not united in their view of environmental issues while some like the WRI maintain that environmental progress needs to go handinhand with economic development others argue that the priority is to build a thriving economy and then use the wealth created to tackle environmental degradation
[L] This view assumes that rich societies will invest in environmental care But is this right Do things get better or worse as we get richer Here the Stockholm declaration is ambiguous In the developing countries it says most of the environmental problems are caused by underdevelopment So it is saying that economic development should make for a cleaner world Not necessarily In the industralized countries environmental problems are generally related to industrialization and technological development it continues In other words poor and rich both overexploit the natural world but for different reasons It’s simply not true that economic growth will surely make our world cleaner
[M] Clearly richer societies are able to provide environmental improvements which lie well beyond the reach of poorer communities Citizens of wealthy nations demand national parks clean rivers clean air and poisonfree food They also however use far more natural resourcesfuel water (all those baths and golf courses) and building materials
[N] A case can be made that rich nations export environmental problems the most graphic example being climate change As a country’s wealth grows so do its greenhouse gas emissions The figures available will not be completely accurate Measuring emissions is not a precise science particularly when it comes to issues surrounding land use not all nations have released uptodate data and in any case emissions from some sectors such as aviation are not included in national statistics But the data is exact enough for a clear trend to be easily discernible As countries become richer they produce more greenhouse gases and the impact of those gases will fall primarily in poor parts of the world
[O] Wealth is not of course the only factor involved The average Norwegian is better off than the average US citizen but contributes about half as much to climate change But could Norway keep its standard of living and yet cut its emissions to Moroccan or even Ethiopian levels That question repeated across a dozen environmental issues and across our diverse planet is what will ultimately determine whether the human race is living beyond its ecological means as it pursues economic revival
36 Examples show that both rich and poor countries exploited the environment for economic progress
37 Environmental protection and improvement benefit people all over the world
38 It is not necessarily true that economic growth will make our world cleaner
39 The common theme of the UN reports is the relation between environmental protection and economic growth
40 Development agencies disagree regarding how to tackle environment issues while ensuring economic progress
41 It is difficult to find solid evidence to prove environmental friendliness generates more profits than exploiting the natural environment
42 Sustainable management of ecosystems will prove rewarding in the long run
43 A politician noted for being cautious asserts that sustainable human development depends on the natural environment
44 Poor countries will have to bear the cost for rich nations’ economic development
45 One recent study warns us of the danger of the exhaustion of natural resources on Earth
Section C
Directions There are two passages in this section Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements For each of them there are four choices marked A) B) C)and D)You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage
Interactive television advertising which allows viewers to use their remote controls to click on advertisements has been pushed for years Nearly a decade ago it was predicted that viewers of Friends a popular situation comedy would soon be able to purchase a sweater like Jennifer Aniston’s with a few taps on their remote control It’s been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or twelve years says Colin Dixon of a digitalmedia consultancy
So the news that Cablevision an American cable company was rolling out interactive advertisements to all its customers on October 6th was greeted with some skepticism During commercials an overlay will appear at the bottom of the screen prompting viewers to press a button to request a free sample or order a catalogue Cablevision 8 hopes to allow customers to buy things with their remote controls early next year
Television advertising could do with a boost Spending fell by 10 in the first half of the year The popularization of digital video recorders has caused advertisers to worry that their commercials will be skipped Some are turning to the Internet which is cheaper and offers concrete measurements like clickthrough rates—especially important at a time when marketing budgets are tight With the launch of interactive advertising many of the dollars that went to the Internet will come back to the TV says David Kline of Cablevision Or so the industry hopes
In theory interactive advertising can engage viewers in a way that 30second spots do not Unilever recently ran an interactive campaign for its Axe deodorant ( 臭剂 ) which kept viewers engaged for more than three minutes on average
The amount spent on interactive advertising on television is still small Magna an advertising agency reckons it will be worth about 138 million this year That falls far short of the billions of dollars people once expected it to generate But DirecTV Comcast and Time Warner Cable have all invested in it A new effort led by Canoe Ventures a coalition of leading cable providers aims to make interactive advertising available across America later this year BrightLine iTV which designs and sells interactive ads says interest has surged it expects its revenues almost to triple this year BSkyB Britain’s biggest satellitetelevision service already provides 9 million customers with interactive ads
Yet there are doubts whether people watching television a lean back medium crave interaction Clickthrough rates have been high so far (around 3–4 compared with less than 03 online) but that may be a result of the novelty Interactive ads and viewers might not go well together
46 What does Colin Dixon mean by saying It’s been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or twelve years (Lines 3–4 Para1)
A) Interactive television advertising will become popular in 10–12 years
B) Interactive television advertising has been under debate for the last decade or so
C) Interactive television advertising is successful when incorporated into situation comedies
D) Interactive television advertising has not achieved the anticipated results
47 What is the public’s response to Cablevision’s planned interactive TV advertising program
A) Pretty positive B) Totally indifferent
C) Somewhat doubtful D) Rather critical
48 What is the impact of the wide use of digital video recorders on TV advertising
A) It has made TV advertising easily accessible to viewers
B) It helps advertisers to measure the clickthrough rates
C) It has placed TV advertising at a great disadvantage
D) It enables viewers to check the sales items with ease
49 What do we learn about Unilever’s interactive campaign
A) It proves the advantage of TV advertising B) It has done well in engaging the viewers
C) It helps attract investments in the company D) It has boosted the TV advertising industry
50 How does the author view the hitherto high clickthrough rates
A) They may be due to the novel way of advertising
B) They signify the popularity of interactive advertising
C) They point to the growing curiosity of TV viewers
D) They indicate the future direction of media reform
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage
What can be done about mass unemployment All the wise heads agree there’re no quick or easy answers There’s work to be done but workers aren’t ready to do it—they’re in the wrong places or they have the wrong skills Our problems are structural and will take many years to solve
But don’t bother asking for evidence that justifies this bleak view There isn’t any On the contrary all the facts suggest that high unemployment in America is the result of inadequate demand Saying that there’re no easy answers sounds wise but it’s actually foolish our unemployment crisis could be cured very quickly if we had the intellectual clarity and political will to act In other words structural unemployment is a fake problem which mainly serves as an excuse for not pursing real solutions
The fact is job openings have plunged in every major sector while the number of workers forced into parttime employment in almost all industries has soared Unemployment has surged in every major occupational category Only three states with a combined population not much larger than that of Brooklyn have unemployment rates below 5 So the evidence contradicts the claim that we’re mainly suffering from structural unemployment Why then has this claim become so popular
Part of the answer is that this is what always happens during periods of high unemployment—in part because experts and analysts believe that declaring the problem deeply rooted with no easy answers makes them sound serious
I’ve been looking at what selfproclaimed experts were saying about unemployment during the Great Depression it was almost identical to what Very Serious People are saying now Unemployment cannot be brought down rapidly declared one 1935 analysis because the workforce is unadaptable and untrained It cannot respond to the opportunities which industry may offer A few years later a large defense buildup finally provided a fiscal stimulus adequate to the economy’s needs—and suddenly industry was eager to employ those unadaptable and untrained workers
But now as then powerful forces are ideologically opposed to the whole idea of government action on a sufficient scale to jumpstart the economy And that fundamentally is why claims that we face huge structural problems have been multiplying they offer a reason to do nothing about the mass unemployment that is crippling our economy and our society
So what you need to know is that there’s no evidence whatsoever to back these claims We aren’t suffering from a shortage of needed skills we’re suffering from a lack of policy resolve As I said structural unemployment isn’t a real problem it’s an excuse—a reason not to act on America’s problems at a time when action is desperately needed
51 What does the author think is the root cause of mass unemployment in America
A) Corporate mismanagement B) Insufficient demand
C) Technological advances D) Workers’ slow adaptation
52 What does the author think of the experts’ claim concerning unemployment
A) Selfevident B) Thoughtprovoking
C) Irrational D) Groundless
53 What does the author say helped bring down unemployment during the Great Depression
A) The booming defense industry B) The wise heads’ benefit package
C) Nationwide training of workers D) Thorough restructuring of industries
54 What has caused claims of huge structural problems to multiply
A) Powerful opposition to government’s stimulus efforts
B) Very Serious People’s attempt to cripple the economy
C) Evidence gathered from many sectors of the industries
D) Economists’ failure to detect the problems in time
55 What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage
A) To testify to the experts’ analysis of America’s problems
B) To offer a feasible solution to the structural unemployment
C) To show the urgent need for the government to take action
D) To alert American workers to the urgency for adaptation
Part IV Translation (30 minutes)
Directions For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English You shouldwrite your answer on Answer Sheet 2
中国创新正前未速度蓬勃发展科学技术快赶超世界发达国家中国年幅度增加研究开发资金中国学研究正积极开展创新研究研究覆盖数生物化学新源机器等高科技领域科技园合作创新成果商业化时产品商业模式中国企业家努力争做创新先锋适应国外消费市场断变化增长需求
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