状语句
1 时间状语句
(1) when
when作列连词（正时突然）
We were about to start when it began to rain
I was watching TV when someone knocked at the door
…on the point of doing…when… did…
……had just done when ……
(2) as
as延续性动词连侧重两动作伴发生时态致：
As he grew older he lost interest in everything except gardening
We were having breakfast as she ________ ( watch )TV
(3) while
while ……期间延续性动词连句动作时发生常三种时态
1 While I was waiting at the bus stop buses went by in the opposite direction
2 While in prison he wrote his first novel
3 Shoes were mended while you waited
(4) before
① before……前
I had finished my papers before my teacher went abroad
② before …时间… 注意 ______________________时态
They worked long hours before everything returned to normal 恢复正常
It will be a long time before we finish this dictionary
③ 没
The bell rang off before I could answer it
(5) as soon as … … directlyimmediatelyinstantlythe instant (that)the minute (that) the second (that) the moment (that)等通常as soon as换
I recognized her immediately I saw her
(6) … hardlywhen … … no sooner than …
刚………句时句完成时注意倒装
He had no sooner No sooner had he arrived than he was asked to leave again
We had hardly begun Hardly had we begun our talk when it began to rain
(7) since
句般时句通常现完成 (进行) 时
We’ve never met since we graduated from the college
What have you been doing since I met you last time
It has been is 3 years since he came back
练：It was evening ______ he came back
It was in the evening ______ he came back
(8) till until
直……时(止)till 放句首until句首动词延续性问题
Tom will remain in college until (till) he finishes his Ph D course 肯定句
I won’t go with you until (till) I finish my homework 否定句
Not until I failed in the exam did I realize I should study hard 倒装
It was not until I failed in the exam that I realized I should study hard 强调句中倒装问题
(9) whenever each time every time any time
次换
Whenever Every time Each time I met her she was studying
(10) by the time 完成时连
By the time (that) this letter reaches you I will have left the country
By the time he was 10 he had learned 10000 words
By the time you get this letter I will be in Canada ( Longman ) be动词完成时
注意：By the time he retired Wilt held many NBA records
(11) next time the first time
Next time you see me I will have lost 10 pounds
The first time I met you I knew we would be friends
较：That It This is the first time (that) I have been to London
For the first time 仅作状语
(12) After
We’ll arrive after you have left
2 点状语句
(1) where
Where there is a will there is a way 含条件意味
I found my books where I had left them
注意：where指具体点外表处境等抽象意义
He said he was happy where he was 处境满意
It’s your fault that she is where she is 落天步怪
(2) wherever everywhere anywhere
Wherever ( Everywhere Anywhere ) they went the experts were warmly welcomed
Make a mark wherever you have any questions
区引导定语句
Bamboos grow best in the south where it’s wet and rainy
3 原状语句
(1) because
because表示直接原理着重点句回答why问句语气强强调句中becausesimply just only修饰时because
I didn’t go abroad with her because I couldn’t afford it
Just because I don’t complain people think I’m satisfied
It was because his mother was ill that he didn’t come to school
结：because 1 _______ 2_________ 3_________4__________
(2) as
As you were out I left a message
(3) since
通常双方已知信息句位句前
Since you won’t help meI’ll ask someone else
(4) now (that)
然 通常since换
中that省原已变化情况
Now (that) you’ve passed your test you can drive on your own
I do remembernow (that) you mention it 提倒确想起
(5) when 然句必须
How can they expect to learn anything when they never listen
Why do you want a new job when you have got a good one already
(6) seeing (that) considering（that）Given that 鉴考虑
Seeing (that) the weather is badwe’ll stay at home
Considering he’s only just started he knows quite a lot about it
It was surprising the government was reelected given that they had raised taxes so much
(7) for 列连词句首前面容加推断解释
I asked her to stay to tea for I had something to tell her
It’s morning now for the birds are singing
4 目状语句 须情态动词连
(1) in order that 便 通常so that换
The expert spoke slowly in order that everyone should understand
In order that we might see the sunrise we started for the peak (山峰) early
(2) so (that) so that
便句总放句so视so that省略形式
She worked hard so that everything would be ready in time
She stayed at home for a few days so that she might could take care of his mother
(3) in case for fear (that)
表示否定目 免防
He took an umbrella with him for fear that it might rain
Better take more clothes in case it rains
You probably won’t need to call but take my number just in case
5 结果状语句
so that
①句位句中间逗号
Suddenly it began to rain heavilyso that it was almost impossible to carry on driving
Nothing more was heard from him so that we began to wander if he was dead
②so that引导结果状语句引导目状语句根句意判断次根句中情态动词
They started out early so that they didn’t miss the train ________ they would not …… _______
(2) so + adj adv that … ……致…
She spoke so fast that nobody could catch what she was saying
倒装 So frightened was he that he couldn’t say a word
(3) suchthat …
such名词
Such +aan+形容词+单数名词+that句 so+形容词+aan+单数名词+that句
The Japanese student made such rapid progress that he soon began to write article in Chinese
The professor told us such a funny story that all the students laughed．
＝_____________________________________________________
(4) such that
正式文体句—系—表句型
His anger was such that he lost control of himself
The damage was such that it would cost thousands to repair
倒装：Such is the beauty of the Great wall that it is still a favorite of foreigners
转换：___________________________________
(5) 特殊情况
… so many much few little …… that …
There is so little time left that I have to tell you about it later
辨析：It so happened that I couldn’t attend the meeting 翻译：__________________
6 条件状语句
(1) if
虚拟语气仅if引导
You would know what was going on if you had listened
辨：I don’t know if he is in the lab now
(2) unless
意义相ifnot语气较强翻译非……否……
You’ll be late unless you hurry
(3) if only愿…表示愿未实现条件
If only it would stop raining
If only I knew her name
If only I had gone by taxi
(4) Only if only on condition that 果 注意倒装
Only if the green light comes on are people allowed to cross the road
(5) as so long as
You can borrow this pen as long as you can keep it well
(6) provided (that) providing (that) 常接利条件 果
We’ll buy everything you produce provided of course the price is right
Providing you promise not to tell anyone else I’ll explain the secret
(7) under the condition that on condition that 前提
They agreed to lend us the car on condition that we returned it before the weekend
They agreed under the condition that the matter be dealt quickly
(8) Suppose Supposing ( that) 常接根假设
Supposing (that) you are wrong what will you do then
Suppose it rains tomorrow what shall we do
(9) The more… (条件) the more (结果)…… 注意语序
When should I ask him The sooner the better
The higher you stand the farther you will see
(10) As So far as仅限句型
As far as I know Betty won the first prize
As far as I am concerned ……
As far as I can see ( it them ) ……
(11) 连词once （旦）
We don’t know what to do next once the money has gone
7 步状语句
(1) although though副词yet still等副词连连词but连
though作副词句末 然
Although they have been talking for a long time he cannot make her believe him
He said he would come he didn’t though
though前置部分容 参见倒装
(2) even if
然表示尚未发生动作存情况
Even if it rains tomorrowwe won’t change our plan
(3) even though
然常表示已发生动作存情况
Even though I didn’t understand a wordI kept smiling
I like her even though she can be annoying
(4) When然 然 句
He walks when he might take a taxi
(5) while 句句首然
While I understand your point of viewI do not share it
While they are my neighbors I don’t know them well
(6) whether or … … …
Whether or not it rains Whether it rains or not we are playing football on Saturday
Whether he will succeed or fail it doesn’t matter much to me
(7) as
As引导步状语句时必须前置部分容动词提前时句加情态动词may might can could will would助动词do does did
Try as he might he couldn’t open the door
Happy as they were there was something missing
Much as I admire his courageI don’t think he acted wisely
Lose money as he did he got a lot of experience
注意：Child as (though) he is he knows a lot
(8) however种方式样
You can travel however you like
(9) 疑问词 + ever No matter + 疑问词仅引导状语句
Whatever No matter what he saysdon’t go
Whenever I’m unhappyhe cheers me up
She leaves her bedroom window open however cold it is
8 方式状语句
(1) As ……方式……样句时省略句
Leave the papers as they are
You may do as you please
as it is as they are现状样子
We were hoping to have a holiday next week as it is we may not be able to get away
(2) as if as though 仿佛
常虚拟语气表示事实相反as ifas though更常
He behaved as if nothing had happened
The old man runs very fast as if he was a young man
(3) Like as if as though Like as
She acts like she owns the place
No one sings the blues like she does
Like I said you are always welcome to stay
9 较状语句
(1) as as … 表示级较中间形容词副词原级句常省略句
I hope she will make as much progress as you (have done)
He didn’t do as much as he had promised 程度
so as仅否定句
It’s not so hard as I thought
(2) than形容词副词较级形式句常常省略句
He has lived here longer than I (has lived)
It was much better than I had expected
(3) 修饰较级副词短语
far much still even rather any a bit a little by far a lot a great deal
(4) 倍数表达法
1 A pair of Nike trainers could cost up to five times as much as a similar Lining product M5B5
2 My house is three times the size of his
3 My house is three times larger than his
(5) 较容致 注意较范围问题
The weather here is hotter than that in your hometown
The boys in our class are more active than those in your class
China is larger than any country in Africa any other country in Asia
10 省略现象
(1) 状语句谓语 it is 省略it is
If necessary If possible If ( there are ) any When necessary
If (it is) important I’ll write this article
Change the form (形式) where ( ) necessary
(2) 句语句语致省略语be动词
Don’t speak until spoken to
Look out while crossing the road
He wouldn’t attend the meeting unless invited to
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1 时间状语句
(1) when
when作列连词（正时突然）
We were about to start when it began to rain
I was watching TV when someone knocked at the door
…on the point of doing…when… did…
……had just done when ……
(2) as
as延续性动词连侧重两动作伴发生时态致：
As he grew older he lost interest in everything except gardening
We were having breakfast as she ________ ( watch )TV
(3) while
while ……期间延续性动词连句动作时发生常三种时态
1 While I was waiting at the bus stop buses went by in the opposite direction
2 While in prison he wrote his first novel
3 Shoes were mended while you waited
(4) before
① before……前
I had finished my papers before my teacher went abroad
② before …时间… 注意 ______________________时态
They worked long hours before everything returned to normal 恢复正常
It will be a long time before we finish this dictionary
③ 没
The bell rang off before I could answer it
(5) as soon as … … directlyimmediatelyinstantlythe instant (that)the minute (that) the second (that) the moment (that)等通常as soon as换
I recognized her immediately I saw her
(6) … hardlywhen … … no sooner than …
刚………句时句完成时注意倒装
He had no sooner No sooner had he arrived than he was asked to leave again
We had hardly begun Hardly had we begun our talk when it began to rain
(7) since
句般时句通常现完成 (进行) 时
We’ve never met since we graduated from the college
What have you been doing since I met you last time
It has been is 3 years since he came back
练：It was evening ______ he came back
It was in the evening ______ he came back
(8) till until
直……时(止)till 放句首until句首动词延续性问题
Tom will remain in college until (till) he finishes his Ph D course 肯定句
I won’t go with you until (till) I finish my homework 否定句
Not until I failed in the exam did I realize I should study hard 倒装
It was not until I failed in the exam that I realized I should study hard 强调句中倒装问题
(9) whenever each time every time any time
次换
Whenever Every time Each time I met her she was studying
(10) by the time 完成时连
By the time (that) this letter reaches you I will have left the country
By the time he was 10 he had learned 10000 words
By the time you get this letter I will be in Canada ( Longman ) be动词完成时
注意：By the time he retired Wilt held many NBA records
(11) next time the first time
Next time you see me I will have lost 10 pounds
The first time I met you I knew we would be friends
较：That It This is the first time (that) I have been to London
For the first time 仅作状语
(12) After
We’ll arrive after you have left
2 点状语句
(1) where
Where there is a will there is a way 含条件意味
I found my books where I had left them
注意：where指具体点外表处境等抽象意义
He said he was happy where he was 处境满意
It’s your fault that she is where she is 落天步怪
(2) wherever everywhere anywhere
Wherever ( Everywhere Anywhere ) they went the experts were warmly welcomed
Make a mark wherever you have any questions
区引导定语句
Bamboos grow best in the south where it’s wet and rainy
3 原状语句
(1) because
because表示直接原理着重点句回答why问句语气强强调句中becausesimply just only修饰时because
I didn’t go abroad with her because I couldn’t afford it
Just because I don’t complain people think I’m satisfied
It was because his mother was ill that he didn’t come to school
结：because 1 _______ 2_________ 3_________4__________
(2) as
As you were out I left a message
(3) since
通常双方已知信息句位句前
Since you won’t help meI’ll ask someone else
(4) now (that)
然 通常since换
中that省原已变化情况
Now (that) you’ve passed your test you can drive on your own
I do remembernow (that) you mention it 提倒确想起
(5) when 然句必须
How can they expect to learn anything when they never listen
Why do you want a new job when you have got a good one already
(6) seeing (that) considering（that）Given that 鉴考虑
Seeing (that) the weather is badwe’ll stay at home
Considering he’s only just started he knows quite a lot about it
It was surprising the government was reelected given that they had raised taxes so much
(7) for 列连词句首前面容加推断解释
I asked her to stay to tea for I had something to tell her
It’s morning now for the birds are singing
4 目状语句 须情态动词连
(1) in order that 便 通常so that换
The expert spoke slowly in order that everyone should understand
In order that we might see the sunrise we started for the peak (山峰) early
(2) so (that) so that
便句总放句so视so that省略形式
She worked hard so that everything would be ready in time
She stayed at home for a few days so that she might could take care of his mother
(3) in case for fear (that)
表示否定目 免防
He took an umbrella with him for fear that it might rain
Better take more clothes in case it rains
You probably won’t need to call but take my number just in case
5 结果状语句
so that
①句位句中间逗号
Suddenly it began to rain heavilyso that it was almost impossible to carry on driving
Nothing more was heard from him so that we began to wander if he was dead
②so that引导结果状语句引导目状语句根句意判断次根句中情态动词
They started out early so that they didn’t miss the train ________ they would not …… _______
(2) so + adj adv that … ……致…
She spoke so fast that nobody could catch what she was saying
倒装 So frightened was he that he couldn’t say a word
(3) suchthat …
such名词
Such +aan+形容词+单数名词+that句 so+形容词+aan+单数名词+that句
The Japanese student made such rapid progress that he soon began to write article in Chinese
The professor told us such a funny story that all the students laughed．
＝_____________________________________________________
(4) such that
正式文体句—系—表句型
His anger was such that he lost control of himself
The damage was such that it would cost thousands to repair
倒装：Such is the beauty of the Great wall that it is still a favorite of foreigners
转换：___________________________________
(5) 特殊情况
… so many much few little …… that …
There is so little time left that I have to tell you about it later
辨析：It so happened that I couldn’t attend the meeting 翻译：__________________
6 条件状语句
(1) if
虚拟语气仅if引导
You would know what was going on if you had listened
辨：I don’t know if he is in the lab now
(2) unless
意义相ifnot语气较强翻译非……否……
You’ll be late unless you hurry
(3) if only愿…表示愿未实现条件
If only it would stop raining
If only I knew her name
If only I had gone by taxi
(4) Only if only on condition that 果 注意倒装
Only if the green light comes on are people allowed to cross the road
(5) as so long as
You can borrow this pen as long as you can keep it well
(6) provided (that) providing (that) 常接利条件 果
We’ll buy everything you produce provided of course the price is right
Providing you promise not to tell anyone else I’ll explain the secret
(7) under the condition that on condition that 前提
They agreed to lend us the car on condition that we returned it before the weekend
They agreed under the condition that the matter be dealt quickly
(8) Suppose Supposing ( that) 常接根假设
Supposing (that) you are wrong what will you do then
Suppose it rains tomorrow what shall we do
(9) The more… (条件) the more (结果)…… 注意语序
When should I ask him The sooner the better
The higher you stand the farther you will see
(10) As So far as仅限句型
As far as I know Betty won the first prize
As far as I am concerned ……
As far as I can see ( it them ) ……
(11) 连词once （旦）
We don’t know what to do next once the money has gone
7 步状语句
(1) although though副词yet still等副词连连词but连
though作副词句末 然
Although they have been talking for a long time he cannot make her believe him
He said he would come he didn’t though
though前置部分容 参见倒装
(2) even if
然表示尚未发生动作存情况
Even if it rains tomorrowwe won’t change our plan
(3) even though
然常表示已发生动作存情况
Even though I didn’t understand a wordI kept smiling
I like her even though she can be annoying
(4) When然 然 句
He walks when he might take a taxi
(5) while 句句首然
While I understand your point of viewI do not share it
While they are my neighbors I don’t know them well
(6) whether or … … …
Whether or not it rains Whether it rains or not we are playing football on Saturday
Whether he will succeed or fail it doesn’t matter much to me
(7) as
As引导步状语句时必须前置部分容动词提前时句加情态动词may might can could will would助动词do does did
Try as he might he couldn’t open the door
Happy as they were there was something missing
Much as I admire his courageI don’t think he acted wisely
Lose money as he did he got a lot of experience
注意：Child as (though) he is he knows a lot
(8) however种方式样
You can travel however you like
(9) 疑问词 + ever No matter + 疑问词仅引导状语句
Whatever No matter what he saysdon’t go
Whenever I’m unhappyhe cheers me up
She leaves her bedroom window open however cold it is
8 方式状语句
(1) As ……方式……样句时省略句
Leave the papers as they are
You may do as you please
as it is as they are现状样子
We were hoping to have a holiday next week as it is we may not be able to get away
(2) as if as though 仿佛
常虚拟语气表示事实相反as ifas though更常
He behaved as if nothing had happened
The old man runs very fast as if he was a young man
(3) Like as if as though Like as
She acts like she owns the place
No one sings the blues like she does
Like I said you are always welcome to stay
9 较状语句
(1) as as … 表示级较中间形容词副词原级句常省略句
I hope she will make as much progress as you (have done)
He didn’t do as much as he had promised 程度
so as仅否定句
It’s not so hard as I thought
(2) than形容词副词较级形式句常常省略句
He has lived here longer than I (has lived)
It was much better than I had expected
(3) 修饰较级副词短语
far much still even rather any a bit a little by far a lot a great deal
(4) 倍数表达法
1 A pair of Nike trainers could cost up to five times as much as a similar Lining product M5B5
2 My house is three times the size of his
3 My house is three times larger than his
(5) 较容致 注意较范围问题
The weather here is hotter than that in your hometown
The boys in our class are more active than those in your class
China is larger than any country in Africa any other country in Asia
10 省略现象
(1) 状语句谓语 it is 省略it is
If necessary If possible If ( there are ) any When necessary
If (it is) important I’ll write this article
Change the form (形式) where ( ) necessary
(2) 句语句语致省略语be动词
Don’t speak until spoken to
Look out while crossing the road
He wouldn’t attend the meeting unless invited to
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