国开电大本科《管理英语3》机考题库 第三大题 阅读理解选择题 说明：2023年3月整理，适用于国开电大2023年6、7月机考。 A As you research music, you will find music that is familiar to you. You will find music which tells of interesting places and exciting things to do. You will find music which expresses feelings that are often your own. Music is an expression of the people. As you research, you will find music of people at work and play. You will find music expressing love of the country, love of nature, and love of home Music is also an expression of the composer. The composer expresses his own musical ideas. He studies the materials of music and discovers ways of using them. He looks for new kinds of musical expression. Music can suggest actions and feelings which we all share. We can enjoy playing and singing music, dancing and listening to the music of the people and the composers of different times and places. [选择题] ◆In the first paragraph, the author tells us to_______. A.find entertainment(娱乐)in music B.be friendly to music C.express your feelings in music [答案]A ◆From the second paragraph we know that_______. A. you may listen to music at work or at play B. music sings of the country, nature and home C.music can express how people live work and think_______. [答案]B ◆By means of music, the composer wishes that_______. A.you would study with them B. you would express your own feelings C.you would share his feelings and ideas [答案]C ◆The last paragraph shows that music makes it possible_______. A the music can express actions and feelings at the same time B bring understanding between people of different times and places C.that people of different time and places can get together [答案]A ◆Which of the following statements is NOT true. Music expresses_______. A.people＇s love of the country B.people s musical ideas C.the composer＇s feelings [答案]B A question that often troubles food companies is how to control problems like rats and insects without harming the food.Pest control experts say poisons should never be used where they may enter food.They say the first line of defense against pests is to clean the places where the food is handled or stored. Floors,food preparation surfaces and tools can be disinfected with chemicals like chlorine,iodine or bromine.Food containers should be stored about half a meter off the ground and about half a meter away from any walls.Storage areas should be kept dry and clean. Containers for raw materials such as rice,wheat,etc.should be kept closed and clean.Any foodstuff split during delivery or handling should be cleared up both inside and outside the building.Pests enter a building from the outside,so pay attention to outer walls.Small stones can be used to cover the ground and block the growth of plants and the grass should be kept short to deny pests a place to live. Check that doors and windows are completely closed.Also any hole that might allow pests to enter a building should be filled.Rats can enter through a hole the size of a coin.A mouse can pass through a hole half that size. Supervisors should make a list of pest control measures to be taken by employees.This will aid the efforts and also help prepare for any inspections.In most countries,there is a food and drug administration bureau,or some agency with a similar name,which enforces rules nationwide,responsible for rules about the use of pesticides,etc.However,businesses where food is stored,prepared or sold must also follow state and local health laws.Most of these governmental departments or bureaus have their websites with information about food safety policies and other issues.People can easily access the information. 1.According to pest control experts,why should poisons never be used in food companies? A.Because they may enter food. B.Because they may kill rats. C.Because they may be harmful to the plants. [答案]A 2.What is the first line of defense against pests? A.To check that doors and windows are completely closed. B.To clean the places where food is handled or stored. C.To fill any hole that might allow pests to enter a building. [答案]B 3.How can floors,food preparation surfaces and tools be disinfected? A.With smoke. B.With water. C.With chemicals. [答案]C 4.Why should attention be paid to outer walls? A.To prevent pests from entering a building from outside. B.To keep moist from entering a building from outside. C.To stop sun rays from entering a building from outside. [答案]A 5.What dose the passage mainly talk about? A.Why poisons should never be used where they may enter food. B.Why the growth of plants should be blocked and grass be kept short. C.How to control rats and insects without harming the food. [答案]C D Door-knocking is the most effective way of making face-to-face community contact,but it has become a lost art.With the recent focus on customer privacy,door-knocking seems like an intrusion into other people’s lives.But those who try it for the first time are usually surprised by the pleasant reception they receive.Here are some suggestions that will help you promote your services face-to-face. BEFORE YOU GO OUT ◆BEGIN WITH A DOOR HANGER Try leaving a door hanger two days before you go door-knocking.It should briefly describe the project and say that someone will be around in person. ◆WEAR AN OFFICIAL NAME TAG Door-knockers should wear name tags with the logo of their organization.The best name tags will also include a color photo and the name of the caller. ◆HAVE PEOPLE KNOCK THEIR OWN BLOCKS The easiest way to do door-knocking is to try your local area first.Being a neighbor creates an immediate connection with the person answering the door;after that,everything else is easy. ◆FIND A GOOD EXCUSE TO DOOR-KNOCK A short survey about local concerns or a current project is a good excuse.Figure out responses for various situations.What if the person who answers the door cannot speak English? What if a child answers the door? WHEN YOU GO OUT ◆WHEN TO GO AND WHAT TO DO FIRST The best times to knock are usually Saturdays.On other days,after dinner is ideal.When someone answers the door,smile and introduce yourself;say you are a volunteer and,if it helps,state where you live.Give the name of your organization and,briefly,the reason for the visit. ◆STATE WHAT ACTION THE OTHER PERSON SHOULD TAKE AND THE BENEFITS Tell the person what they need to do and how their actions will benefit themselves and others.If a person hesitates,emphasize benefits you’ve already mentioned and then ,if necessary,add further benefits.If a person agrees,follow up immediately.If possible,get a donation,a signature,or a promise. ◆RECORD CONTACT INFORMATION ON THE SPOT Record names,addresses,e-mail addresses,phone numbers,and responses to questions on the spot.You won’t remember them later! 1.Why does the author say that door-knocking has become a lost art? A.It is not effective,no one will take this method any more. B.People focus on privacy increasingly,so door-knocking seems like an intrusion into other people＇s lives C.It is very difficult to do door-knocking,no one knows how to do it now. [答案]B 2.Which step should be firstly taken when you try door-knocking? A.Find a good excuse to door-knock B.Wear an official name tag C.Leave a door hanger [答案]C 3.What does the underlined phrase on the spot mean? A.without delay B.at some place C.in a difficult situation [答案]A 4.Which time is not appropriate for door knocking? A.Saturday afternoon. B.Monday morning. C.Thursday evening. [答案]B 5.Who will receive pleasant reception when they try door-knocking? A.A stranger who is not living in this community and gives no notice for his/her visit. B.An offensive acquaintance who comes at any time. C.A neighbor who does good preparation and has significant project to introduce. [答案]C H Human Resources Management (HRM) is the process of managing people and their relationships in an organization.These two processes are important in the success and growth of a business. In managing people,staffing is the most important component of HRM.It needs to make guidelines and procedures for hiring and placement.Staffing also involves the management of employees on matters like monitoring of holidays,absences,health and safety,disciplinary action,and dismissal. Another important element of HRM in managing people is keeping the employees in the company.The training of employees to enable them to improve their career development is very important.Good HRM policies ensure that there are clear regulations which show the pay levels for the different positions in an organization.It is important for the staff to know the career path,pay,training and other opportunities that are available to them.Performance management is another important component of HRM.The reason for this is that many employers use it to evaluate career improvement and to determine pay increases. The secondary role of HRM is the management of the relationships among people in an organization.This includes staff within departments as well as across the whole organization.The relationship between staff and management is an important factor in the success of an organization.It decides how fast an organization will realize their goals. The focus of HRM is the people within an organization.Regular planning,monitoring and evaluation are important for the success of HRM.Successful management ensures that all employees know their role,career development and also feel part of an organization. [选择题] ◆_________is/are important in the success of a business. A.Teamwork spirit and high salary B.The process of managing people and their relationships C.Talents and their goals [答案]B ◆The most important component of HRM is_________. A.staffing B.planning C.monitoring [答案]A ◆According to the passage,it is important for the employees to know the career path,pay,training and other opportunities through_________. A.notices B.policies C.advertisements [答案]B ◆We can use_________to evaluate career improvement and to determine pay increases. A.staffing B.HRM policies C.performance management [答案]C ◆_________is NOT mentioned in the text about the success of HRM. A.Regular planning and monitoring B.Evaluation C.Training [答案]C Human Resources Management (HRM) is the process of managing people and their relationships in an organization.These two processes are important in the success and growth of a business. In managing people,staffing is the most important component of HRM.It needs to make guidelines and procedures for hiring and placement.Staffing also involves the management of employees on matters like monitoring of holidays,absences,health and safety,disciplinary action,and dismissal. Another important element of HRM in managing people is keeping the employees in the company.The training of employees to enable them to improve their career development is very important.Good HRM policies ensure that there are clear regulations which show the pay levels for the different positions in an organization.It is important for the staff to know the career path,pay,training and other opportunities that are available to them.Performance management is another important component of HRM.The reason for this is that many employers use it to evaluate career improvement and to determine pay increases. The secondary role of HRM is the management of the relationships among people in an organization.This includes staff within departments as well as across the whole organization.The relationship between staff and management is an important factor in the success of an organization.It decides how fast an organization will realize their goals. The focus of HRM is the people within an organization.Regular planning,monitoring and evaluation are important for the success of HRM.Successful management ensures that all employees know their role,career development and also feel part of an organization. 1._________is/are important in the success of a business. A.Teamwork spirit and high salary B.The process of managing people and their relationships C.Talents and their goals [答案]B 2.The most important component of HRM is_________. A.staffing B.planning C.monitoring [答案]A 3.According to the passage,it is important for the employees to know the career path,pay,training and other opportunities through_________. A.notices B.policies C.advertisements [答案]B 4.We can use_________to evaluate career improvement and to determine pay increases. A.staffing B.HRM policies C.performance management [答案]C 5._________is NOT mentioned in the text about the success of HRM. A.Regular planning and monitoring B.Evaluation C.Training [答案]C I I’m Michael Bush,Managing Director of Hoogle Engineering.I am pleased to welcome you here to our website and I’d like to tell you a little about the company and its organization.Hoogle Engineering was set up in 1960.It was divided into several departments at that time,such as the sales department,marketing department,and production department.Lots of managers were employed to manage it all. Fortunately things are different now.Sixty people are employed by Hoogle and communication between departments is considered to be one of the most important aspects of the business.The market is global so we need to make contact with customers worldwide,not just locally. But in the old days we were all in different departments and never spoke to each other.We had a tall structure.Traditionally we had people at the first level on the shop floor,manufacturing products according to the instructions which they were given.Then you had a supervisory level of people who supervised them every day.Then you moved up to the middle management,who were doing the tasks of getting new business,and then you had the senior management team,and then you had the board,who decided the business strategy.So there were a lot of levels in the company in the old days actually. The structure today is that we form teams within teams to place people who can manufacture a product.Each team has members that can manufacture different products.The actual teams now are self-managing,so we don’t even have team leaders.You’ve got the teams,and then you’ve got two people,only two people,who are what you think of as management.This is generally called flat structure. [选择题] ◆Hoogle Engineering was set up in_________. A.the nineteenth century B.the twentieth century C.the twenty first century [答案]B ◆There are many different_________of management in a tall structure. A.kinds B.levels C.functions [答案]B ◆People in a flat structure usually work in_________. A.departments B.families C.teams [答案]C ◆Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage？ A communication in the companv is becoming more and more important B.the author thinks the two structures have the same functions C.there are more individual responsibilities in the flat structure [答案]B ◆Which is the best title for the passage？ A.Oraanization Structure in hoogle Engineening B.Historv of Hooale Engineering Success in Hoogle engineering [答案]A I’m Michael Bush,Managing Director of Hoogle Engineering.I am pleased to welcome you here to our website and I’d like to tell you a little about the company and its organization.Hoogle Engineering was set up in 1960.It was divided into several departments at that time,such as the sales department,marketing department,and production department.Lots of managers were employed to manage it all. Fortunately things are different now.Sixty people are employed by Hoogle and communication between departments is considered to be one of the most important aspects of the business.The market is global so we need to make contact with customers worldwide,not just locally. But in the old days we were all in different departments and never spoke to each other.We had a tall structure.Traditionally we had people at the first level on the shop floor,manufacturing products according to the instructions which they were given.Then you had a supervisory level of people who supervised them every day.Then you moved up to the middle management,who were doing the tasks of getting new business,and then you had the senior management team,and then you had the board,who decided the business strategy.So there were a lot of levels in the company in the old days actually. The structure today is that we form teams within teams to place people who can manufacture a product.Each team has members that can manufacture different products.The actual teams now are self-managing,so we don’t even have team leaders.You’ve got the teams,and then you’ve got two people,only two people,who are what you think of as management.This is generally called flat structure. [选择题] ◆Hoogle Engineering was set up in_________. A.the nineteenth century B.the twentieth century C.the twenty first century [答案]B ◆There are many different_________of management in a tall structure. A.kinds B.levels C.functions [答案]B ◆People in a flat structure usually work in_________. A.departments B.families C.teams [答案]C ◆Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage？ A communication in the companv is becoming more and more important B.the author thinks the two structures have the same functions C.there are more individual responsibilities in the flat structure [答案]B ◆Which is the best title for the passage？ A.Oraanization Structure in hoogle Engineening B.Historv of Hooale Engineering Success in Hoogle engineering [答案]A I’m Michael Bush,Managing Director of Hoogle Engineering.I am pleased to welcome you here to our website and I’d like to tell you a little about the company and its organization.Hoogle Engineering was setup in 1960.It was divided into several departments at that time,such as the sales department,marketing department,and production department.Lots of managers were employed to manage it all. Fortunately things are different now.Sixty people are employed by Hoogle and communication between departments is considered to be one of the most important aspects of the business.The market is global so we need to make contact with customers worldwide,not just locally. But in the old days we were all in different departments and never spoke to each other.We had at all structure.Traditionally we had people at the first level on the shop floor,manufacturing products according to the instructions which they were given.Then you had a supervisory level of people who supervised them everyday.Then you moved up to the middle management,who were doing the tasks of getting new business,and then you had the senior management team,and then you had the board,who decided the business strategy.So there were a lot of levels in the company in the old days actually. The structure today is that we form teams within teams to place people who can manufacture a product.Each team has members that can manufacture different products.The actual teams now are self-managing,so we don’t even have team leaders.You’ve got the teams,and then you＇ve got two people,only two people,who are what you think of as management.This is generally called flat structure. 26.Who is telling the information about Hoogle Engineering? A.Managing Director. B.Vice president. C.Accountant. [答案]A 27.How many people are employed by Hoogle Engineering? A.50. B.40. C.60. [答案]C 28.Why is it necessary to make contact with customers worldwide? A.Because the market is global. B.Because we need it. C.Because communication can make people happy. [答案]A 29.Which of the following statements is NOT true? A.In the old days the staff in different departments never spoke to each other. B.There were a lot of levels in the company in the old days. C.The speaker thinks the two structures have the same functions. [答案]C 30.What kind of organizational structure was Hoogle Engineering? A.A flat structure. B.At all structure. C.A flat structure and at all structure. [答案]B I’m Michael Bush,Managing Director of Hoogle Engineering.I am pleased to welcome you here to our website and I’d like to tell you a little about the company and its organization.Hoogle Engineering was set up in 1960.It was divided into several departments at that time,such as the sales department,marketing department,and production department.Lots of managers were employed to manage it all. Fortunately things are different now.Sixty people are employed by Hoogle and communication between departments is considered to be one of the most important aspects of the business.The market is global so we need to make contact with customers worldwide,not just locally. But in the old days we were all in different departments and never spoke to each other.We had a tall structure.Traditionally we had people at the first level on the shop floor,manufacturing products according to the instructions which they were given.Then you had a supervisory level of people who supervised them every day.Then you moved up to the middle management,who were doing the tasks of getting new business,and then you had the senior management team,and then you had the board,who decided the business strategy.So there were a lot of levels in the company in the old days actually. The structure today is that we form teams within teams to place people who can manufacture a product.Each team has members that can manufacture different products.The actual teams now are self-managing,so we don’t even have team leaders.You’ve got the teams,and then you’ve got two people,only two people,who are what you think of as management.This is generally called flat structure. 21.Hoogle Engineering was set up in_________. A.the nineteenth century B.the twentieth century C.the twenty first century [答案]B 22.There are many different_________of management in a tall structure. A.kinds B.levels C.functions [答案]B 23.People in a flat structure usually work in_________. A.departments B.families C.teams [答案]C 24.All of the following statements are true according to the passage EXCEPT that_________. A.communication in the company is becoming more and more important B.the author thinks the two structures have the same functions C.there are more individual responsibilities in the flat structure [答案]B 25.The best title for the passage would be “_________”. A.Organization Structure in Hoogle Engineering B.History of Hoogle Engineering C.Success in Hoogle engineering [答案]A O Of all the family members,grandparents are probably the least valued.They are just the people who have always been around.They make a fuss over the children in the family,showoff to their friends the achievements of this child or that child,and show countless pictures of new babies.Grandfathers can fix anything and grandmothers always have homemade biscuits around. When you are small,it is fun to stay with your grandparents because they always let you do things you can’t do at home,and of course,they buy you things.They are always able to baby-sit because they don’t go out much and actually prefer to see their grandchildren.They are usually good for a small loan now and then that does not need to be paid back because they turned it into a gift.You respectfully listen to their advice but do not follow it because they are old and do not understand how things are in this day and age.You thank them politely for what they do for you,and then do not call or visit them until you need something else.And,of course,you never tell them how dear they are to you because they know how you feel about them anyway.Then all of a sudden,they are no longer there to do the things that only grandparents can do,and you find yourself wishing that you had told them what they meant to you as people and not as grandparents. 21.What is the position of grandparents in the family? A.They are the least important members of the family. B.They are the most important members of the family. C.They are the ones at whom their children or grandchildren usually laugh. [答案]A 22.What do grandparents never do? A.Looking after their grandchildren. B.Buying their grandchildren things. C.Telling their grandchildren how dear they are to them. [答案]C 23.Why don’t children need to payback the loan from their grandparents? A.Grandparents turn the loan into a gift. B.Their parents payback the loan for them. C.Their grandparents died before they have enough money to pay it back. [答案]A 24.Why don’t children take their grandparents’ advice? A.Their advice is not of any help in the present situation. B.They don’t like the advice itself. C.Following their advice will make them act like old people. [答案]A 25.How do children feel after their grandparents died? A.They feel sorry that grandparents are the least valued in the family. B.They miss them very much because no one does the things that only grandparents do. C.They regret they didn’t express their true feelings to them. [答案]C On Christmas Eve-the night before Christmas Day-children all over Britain put a stocking at the end of their beds before they go to sleep.Their parents usually tell them that Father Christmas will come during the night. Father Christmas is very kind and hearted.He gets to the top of each house and climbs down the chimney into the fireplace.He fills each of the stockings with Christmas presents. Of course,Father Christmas isn’t real.In Jim and Kate’s house,“Father Christmas”is really Mr Green.Mr Green doesn’t climb down the chimney.He waits until the children are asleep.Then he quietly goes into their bedrooms and fills their stockings with small presents.When they were very young,Mr Green sometimes wore a red coat.But he doesn’t do that now.The children are no longer young,and they know who “Father Christmas” really is.But they still put their stockings at the end of their beds. 26.Christmas Eve is_________. A.Christmas Day B.the evening of Christmas Day C.the night before Christmas Day [答案]C 27.Father Christmas often puts presents_________. A.into children’s hats B.under children’s beds C.into children’s stockings [答案]C 28.When the children were very young,_________. A.they knew that Father Christmas wasn’t real B.they didn’t know who Father Christmas was C.they thought their father was Father Christmas [答案]B 29.When the children are older,they_________. A.know that Father Christmas is really their father B.ask their mother to fill their stockings with presents C.know that Father Christmas is real [答案]A 30.Father Christmas comes into the house through the_________. A.window B.back door C.chimney [答案]C Q THE HISTORY OF QUALITY CONTROL Quality control is a series of activities that ensure and improve the quality of products and service. The term ＇quality control＇ came into common use in the 1950s because of W.Edward Deming.His ＇Fourteen Points＇ have become the bible for quality control specialists.When the post-war world returned to regular manufacturing,Deming said that inspecting product quality after they were made was unacceptable.Instead,he proposed a process known as ＇statistical quality control＇.It would use closely monitored performance measures to control quality while a product was being made.The goal of statistical quality control was to gather data that would allow for the constant improvement of manufacturing processes.This would in turn improve quality control. Another important principle of Deming＇s beliefs was that upper management should be responsible for quality failures.He strongly believed that it was possible for the workers to work hard to produce the highest quality products if they were given the right tools and working environment.In Deming＇s own words,＇the basic cause of sickness in American industry and the resulting unemployment is a failure of top management to manage.＇ He believed that strong leadership led to a motivated work force. If strong leadership is the term for managers in a quality environment,then empowerment is the key concept for workers in Deming＇s system.Improved education and training are key factors in reaching employees and making them believe that their increased participation in the work process is an essential part of improving quality.Involvement,participation,and teamwork are seen as absolute ＇must haves＇ if a quality workplace is to be created. The Japanese were the first to use Deming＇s Fourteen Points,and made great success.As an example,one Japanese factory doubled production in just one year and was expecting to gain an additional 25 percent improvement the following year,with no increase in the amount of working hours.All this happened as a result of simply improving quality.It was in the late 1970s that American manufacturing factories realized that quality control was a significant issue.By that time,Japanese firms such as Honda and Sony were taking over large portions of the American consumer market while it took most American firms until the 1990s to put quality control practices in place. 1.According to W.Edward Deming,what is the best time to control product quality? A.Before a product is made. B.After a product is made. C.During the production process. [答案]C 2.When there are quality failures,where does W.Edward Deming think the blame lies? A.In the workforce. B.In the upper management. C.In the tools. [答案]C 3.Which of the following will not help to create a quality workplace? A.Working alone. B.Group participation. C.Training programs. [答案]A 4.During which period were some Japanese firms winning American consumer markets over American firms? A.1990s. B.2000s. C.1970s. [答案]C 5.According to the passage,which of the following statements about quality control is NOT correct? A.Quality control can lead to great success for a company. B.Quality control can be done within one department. C.Quality control requires constant improvement. [答案]B T The 2014 Ebola outbreak is the largest in history and the first Ebola outbreak in Test Africa.Although the current epidemic does not cause a significant risk to other nations,many countries,including China and the United States of America,have actually been working closely with the Ebola hit states.For example,the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is taking precautions at home besides its activities abroad. CDC’ s team of “virus hunters” is supported by specialized public health teams both in West Africa and at the CDC Atlanta headquarters.Together,they offer continuous support to save lives and protect people.CDC works closely with a number of US government agencies,national and international partners.CDC’ s experience of working with Ebola is important to the World Health Organization’s growing West Africa Ebola response. On Sept.2,2014,CDC Director,Tom Frieden called for more international partners to join this effort.“The sooner the world comes together to help West Africa,the safer we all will be.We know how to stop this outbreak.There is a window of opportunity to do so-the challenge is to scale up the massive response needed to stop this outbreak.” CDC’ s response to Ebola is the largest international outbreak response in CDC’ s history with over 100 disease specialists on the ground in West Africa,supported by hundreds of public health emergency response experts stateside,activated at Level 1,its highest level,because of the significance of this outbreak. The CDC supports affected countries to establish Emergency Operations Centers at national and local levels and helps countries track the epidemic including using real-time data to improve real-time response. Efforts in West Africa to identify those infected and track people who have come into contact with them are improving.The CDC is operating and supporting labs in the region to improve diagnosis and testing samples from people with suspected Ebola from around the world. Local health care systems are strengthened through communication,coordination with partners and training on infection control for health care workers and safe patient treatment. 26.How could we describe the 2014 Ebola outbreak? A.The first one in western countries. B.1t did not ever threaten West Africa. C.Not the first but the largest e. [答案]C 27.The 2014 Ebola outbreak response was_________. A.an American stateside activity B.an international activity C.a regional activity [答案]B 28.What does the underlined word “massive” mean in Paragraph 3? A.Huge. B.Quick. C.Urgent. [答案]A 29.How many disease specialists from CDC have gone to West Africa for the Ebola response? A.Less than 100. B.A hundred. C.10re than 100. [答案]C 30.What action does CDC take to respond to the large Ebola outbreak? A.Work closely with governmental,national and international partners. B.Call for more partners to join this effort. C.Establish Emergency Operations Centers. [答案]A THE HISTORY OF QUALITY CONTROL Quality control is a series of activities that ensure and improve the quality of products and service. The term ＇quality control＇ came into common use in the 1950s because of W.Edward Deming.His ＇Fourteen Points＇ have become the bible for quality control specialists.When the post-war world returned to regular manufacturing,Deming said that inspecting product quality after they were made was unacceptable.Instead,he proposed a process known as ＇statistical quality control＇.It would use closely monitored performance measures to control quality while a product was being made.The goal of statistical quality control was to gather data that would allow for the constant improvement of manufacturing processes.This would in turn improve quality control. Another important principle of Deming＇s beliefs was that upper management should be responsible for quality failures.He strongly believed that it was possible for the workers to work hard to produce the highest quality products if they were given the right tools and working environment.In Deming＇s own words,＇the basic cause of sickness in American industry and the resulting unemployment is a failure of top management to manage.＇ He believed that strong leadership led to a motivated work force. If strong leadership is the term for managers in a quality environment,then empowerment is the key concept for workers in Deming＇s system.Improved education and training are key factors in reaching employees and making them believe that their increased participation in the work process is an essential part of improving quality.Involvement,participation,and teamwork are seen as absolute ＇must haves＇ if a quality workplace is to be created. The Japanese were the first to use Deming＇s Fourteen Points,and made great success.As an example,one Japanese factory doubled production in just one year and was expecting to gain an additional 25 percent improvement the following year,with no increase in the amount of working hours.All this happened as a result of simply improving quality.It was in the late 1970s that American manufacturing factories realized that quality control was a significant issue.By that time,Japanese firms such as Honda and Sony were taking over large portions of the American consumer market while it took most American firms until the 1990s to put quality control practices in place. 1.According to W.Edward Deming,what is the best time to control product quality? A.Before a product is made. B.After a product is made. C.During the production process. [答案]C 2.When there are quality failures,where does W.Edward Deming think the blame lies? A.In the workforce. B.In the upper management. C.In the tools. [答案]C 3.Which of the following will not help to create a quality workplace? A.Working alone. B.Group participation. C.Training programs. [答案]A 4.During which period were some Japanese firms winning American consumer markets over American firms? A.1990s. B.2000s. C.1970s. [答案]C 5.According to the passage,which of the following statements about quality control is NOT correct? A.Quality control can lead to great success for a company. B.Quality control can be done within one department. C.Quality control requires constant improvement. [答案]B The International Food Safety Authorities Network (INFOSAN) With the rapid globalization of food production and trade,international issues related to food safety are likely to increase.Food safety authorities all over the world have realized that food safety problems should be carried out at both national and international levels.There is a pressing need for exchanging routine information on food safety issues,and sharing experiences and information quickly when a food safety related event takes place. INFOSAN is a joint program between the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).This global network includes 181 Member States.Each has a designated INFOSAN Emergency Contact Point which manages communication between national food safety authorities. The network aims to: Promote the rapid exchange of information during food safety related events; Share information on important food safety related issues of global interest; Promote partnership and cooperation between countries; Help countries strengthen their capacity to manage food safety risks. As part of its routine activities,the INFOSAN Secretariat publishes reports in six languages and provides members with summaries and guidance on relevant food safety issues. INFOSAN helps exchange food safety information and experience among its members.It is also a useful resource for other public health organizations which recognize INFOSAN as an organization through which findings of investigations and strategies for improving food safety may be shared. INFOSAN monitors possible international food safety related events in close cooperation with the WHO Alert and Response Operations program.INFOSAN can work with other international organizations to provide assistance to the countries or regions with emerging food safety events of possible international concern. 1.The need for regular exchange of information on food safety issues is__________when a food safety related event emerges A.unnecessary B.urgent C.unimportant [答案]B 2.It is__________that international issues related to food safety will increase. A.unlikely B.impossible C.probable [答案]C 3.The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) carries out the food safety problem __________. A.with WHO B.alone C.successfully [答案]A 4.INFOSAN is responsible for the following EXCEPT__________. A.promoting information exchange B.helping countries manage food safety risks C.promoting trade between countries [答案]C 5.__________has a designated INFOSAN Emergency Contact Point for communication between national food safety authorities. A.Every member state of INFOSAN B.Every member state of FAO C.Every member state of WHO [答案]A The road system in Beijing’s central business district (CBD) is being re-designed to make public transportation easy and improve efficiency. Plans for 45 roads within the CBD have been approved,measuring 41.5 kilometers in total.In addition to public buses,free or low price shuttle buses from residence areas to subway stations will also be provided for commuters. This is just over four times the number of roads opened in 2007,and will add another 15.5 km to the existing road network. Besides roads,an underground traffic system has also been operating,which includes four new subway lines beneath the CBD. The underground connection system is made up of two levels.The first underground floor is set aside mainly for pedestrians and commercial facilities,while the second underground floor is planned for parking. The city has also invested 140 million yuan to set up a traffic inquiry system,through which the public can check traffic conditions online and see the most convenient routes on their GPS system.In the future,the CBD will be fully covered by an intelligent traffic control system. 1.The road system in Beijing’s downtown area is being to make public transportation easy and improve efficiency. A.built B.designed again C.constructed [答案]B 2.An underground system including new subway lines beneath the CBD has been operating. A.2 B.3 C.4 [答案]C 3.The underground connection system consists of_________level(s). A.one B.two C.three [答案]B 4.CBD stands for_________. A.Central Business District B.Convention on Biological Diversity C.Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering [答案]A 5.Beijing has set up_________for people to check traffic conditions. A.traffic lights B.underground floor C.a traffic inquiry system [答案]C There are three kinds of goals：short-term,medium-range and long-term goals.Short-term goals are those that usually deal with current activities,which we can apply on a daily basis.Such goals can be achieved in a week or less,or two weeks,or possibly months.It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation,our long-term goals can not amount to very much without the achievement of solid short-term goals.Upon completing our short-term goals,we should date the occasion and then add new short-term goals that will build on those that have been completed. The intermediate goals build on the foundation of the short-term goals.They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year,or they could even extend for several years.Anytime you move a step at a time,you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed.As you complete each step,you will enforce the belief in your ability to grow and succeed.And as your list of completion dates grows,your motivation and desire will increase.Long-term goals maybe related to our dreams of the future.They might cover five years or more.Life is not a static thing.We should never allow along-term goal to limit us or our course of action. 21.Short-term goals are the ones that_________. A.motivate you over the long haul B.might be measured for many years C.keep you engaged on a daily basis [答案]C 22.The medium-range goals are built upon_________. A.belief and success B.the motivation and desire C.the completion of the short-term goals [答案]C 23.Once we set ourselves long-term goals,_________. A.we should stick to them until we complete them B.we may change our goals as we have new ideas and opportunities C.we had better wait for the exciting news of success [答案]B 24.What does the word“static”mean in the last paragraph? A.moving B.developing C.not moving [答案]C 25.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A.Anytime you move a step at a time,you may become discouraged. B.Short-term goals all help in achieving your long-term goals. C.Life is a static thing,thus never allowing along-term goal to limit us. [答案]B To minimize traffic jams in the city center and on major roads out of Sydney,the City＇s highway department will not agree to road closures scheduled for weekdays or Saturdays.On minor roads outside the city center,weekdays and Saturdays may be considered.You must apply for approval to do roadwork and other road-related activities,tree cutting and use of very large construction machinery,ladders etc.Please note that approval is needed if you plan to block the road or footpath. Applications to have a road closed to traffic must be completed and sent to the Department＇s Traffic Calming Committee at least a month before the scheduled date. Roads can be closed partially or fully,depending on your requirements.Partial road closures are only allowed in light traffic areas where·there will be at least 1 lane for traffic with extra traffic control measures to make sure 2-way traffic can continue to run for the duration of the work.Any change of traffic flow will require the proposal to be treated as a full road closure.For further information about a partial road closure,please refer to Contacts. If you are organizing a parade,march or other type of street-based event,approval is also required and we recommend you choose one of our 4 preferred routes.Choosing an existing route reduces the amount of planning you will need to do. 21.As a rule,Sydney’s highway department will agree to road closures in the city centre scheduled for_________. A.weekdays B.Saturdays C.Sundays [答案]C 22.If you want a road closed to traffic,you must complete your applications and send them to the re1evant committee at least_________before the scheduled date. A.a week B.30 days C.two months [答案]B 23.Partial of full road closures are decided by_________. A.the requirements from applicants B.the traffic flow C.the road conditions [答案]A 24.Which is NOT the condition for partial road closures according to the passage? A.In light traffic areas. B.On work days. C.There will be at least 1 lane for traffic during the work. [答案]B 25.Which is the best title of this passage? A.Road Closure Procedures in Sydney. B.Road Conditions in Sydney. C.Road Management in Sydney. [答案]A W Without good budget management,you are likely to overspend on marketing accidentally.Here are three steps that help to make a good marketing budget. Step 1:Organize financial information The first step is to be clear of your current financial situation.You need to know how much money your company makes monthly and the changes that might arise in the future.Although income flows change throughout the year,you must organize the information based on reliable revenue-the minimum amount of money your company makes each month. A realistic budget plan will always focus on the income that exceeds the expenses,not the total revenue that comes in.When you have determined the amount of disposable income available for the company,you should determine where the money will go. Step 2:Determine where you want to spend marketing funds After you know the total amount available to spend on marketing,the next step is how you plan to spend that money.Three main factors decide how you spend marketing funds:the budget amount,your past experiences,and where you can reach the right audience. You will start organizing how to spend the funds based on the amount.Besides,you need to consider the strategies that have worked in the past.Also,you need consider which marketing channels will allow you to reach the right audience. Step 3:Assess data and make appropriate changes The final step in building a good marketing budget is the analysis of the plan and any changes that may improve revenue.Ultimately,marketing is designed to bring in extra revenue.If the activity does not bring in any additional revenue over its cost,then it is better to change strategy and try something else. Assessing the data is a vital part of creating an effective marketing strategy.Evaluation begins with comparing past performance to the performance after marketing the product or services. However,a good budget alone is not enough.You have to take action and remain committed to following through your plan.By keeping the budget in mind when you make decisions,you will have the opportunity to work out different strategies to find the best solutions for your business goals and prevent overspending on marketing. 21.The budget plan should be based on the company’s reliable_________. A.expense B.income C.cost [答案]B 22.The underlined“disposable income”in Paragraph 3 means_________. A.total income B.previous income C.net income [答案]C 23.You have to be clear of_________when organizing financial information. A.the income and expenses B.the marketing fund C.the budget management [答案]A 24.The three main factors that decide how you spend marketing funds are_________. A.the money you have earned,the actual expenses and the money you will expend B.the budget amount,your past experiences and where you can reach the right audience C.the assets you have,the product and the income [答案]B 25.Keeping the budget in mind when making marketing decisions will avoid_________. A.using less than you earn B.using money unnecessarily C.using more than you earn [答案]C The International Food Safety Authorities Network (INFOSAN) With the rapid globalization of food production and trade,international issues related to food safety are likely to increase.Food safety authorities all over the world have realized that food safety problems should be carried out at both national and international levels.There is a pressing need for exchanging routine information on food safety issues,and sharing experiences and information quickly when a food safety related event takes place. INFOSAN is a joint program between the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).This global network includes 181 Member States.Each has a designated INFOSAN Emergency Contact Point which manages communication between national food safety authorities. The network aims to: Promote the rapid exchange of information during food safety related events; Share information on important food safety related issues of global interest; Promote partnership and cooperation between countries; Help countries strengthen their capacity to manage food safety risks. As part of its routine activities,the INFOSAN Secretariat publishes reports in six languages and provides members with summaries and guidance on relevant food safety issues. INFOSAN helps exchange food safety information and experience among its members.It is also a useful resource for other public health organizations which recognize INFOSAN as an organization through which findings of investigations and strategies for improving food safety may be shared. INFOSAN monitors possible international food safety related events in close cooperation with the WHO Alert and Response Operations program.INFOSAN can work with other international organizations to provide assistance to the countries or regions with emerging food safety events of possible international concern. 1.The need for regular exchange of information on food safety issues is__________when a food safety related event emerges A.unnecessary B.urgent C.unimportant [答案]B 2.It is__________that international issues related to food safety will increase. A.unlikely B.impossible C.probable [答案]C 3.The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) carries out the food safety problem __________. A.with WHO B.alone C.successfully [答案]A 4.INFOSAN is responsible for the following EXCEPT__________. A.promoting information exchange B.helping countries manage food safety risks C.promoting trade between countries [答案]C 5.__________has a designated INFOSAN Emergency Contact Point for communication between national food safety authorities. A.Every member state of INFOSAN B.Every member state of FAO C.Every member state of WHO [答案]A U Uncle Li and Uncle Wang are good friends.They live next to each other and their farms are both at the foot of the mountain.So they can help each other.But neither of them likes to use his head.They’re both poor though they work hard.Most villagers have built new houses,but they still live in the low and broken houses.They never find out why. Once Uncle Li went to town to buy some medicine for his wife.In the town he heard the apples in a city were expensive.He told Uncle Wang about it as soon as he went back.They decided to carry some apples to the city.They borrowed some money from their friends and bought nearly 1,000 kilograms of apples in the villages and carried them to the city on a tractor.Bad luck! A lot of apples have already been carried there when they arrived.A few days later they had to sell them at a low price (价格).They felt unhappy and returned to their village. “I can’t understand why we sustained (蒙受)losses in business while others always profit (盈利)” Uncle Li asked one day. “The tractor was too small.” Uncle Wang said without thinking.“We’11 carry more apples on a truck next time!” “I agree!”said Uncle Li.“How foolish (傻的)we were!” [选择题] ◆The two farmers carried the apples to the city to_________. A.make a Journey B.make a profit C.meet their friends [答案]B ◆The two farmers had to sell their apples at a low price because_________. A.theirs weren’t as good as the others’ B.they forgot to carry them on a truck C.a lot of apples had been already carried to the city [答案]C ◆Uncle Li and Uncle Wang live in the low and broken houses because_________. A.they hope to save money B.they’re both poor C.their farms are at the foot of the mountain [答案]B ◆Uncle Li and Uncle Wang were unhappy because_________. A.they had sustained losses in business B.they had lost some money in the city C.something was wrong with the tractor [答案]A ◆Which of the following is true? A.The two farmers found out why they were poor. B.The two farmers will soon get rich. C.Neither of the farmers is clever. [答案]C 本文档由香当网(https://www.xiangdang.net)用户上传
