高中英语语法(时态语态)
.动词时态
时态谓语动词表示动作情况发生时间种形式英语动词16种时态常见九种:般现时般时般时现进行时进行时现完成时完成时时现完成进行时
()般现时(do does)
1.具体法
1) 表示常性惯性动作
We always care for each other and help each other 总互相关心互相帮助
He goes to school every day
2)表示现特征状态
He is very happy
Do you sing A little
3)表示普遍真理
Light travels faster than sound 光速声速快
Actions speak louder than words 行动胜言语
* 常般现时态连词短语:often usually sometimes every day
every morningafternoon on Sundaysweekends等等
I often go to the cinema on Sundays 常星期天电影
He goes to work early every day 天班早
(二)般时( did )
(1)表示某特定时间发生完成动作状态常表示确切时间词短语句连例:
We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film
(2)表示惯性动作例:
He always went to class last
I used to do my homework in the library
(三)般时( will shall do)
1)表示算进行期发生动作状态例:
I shall graduate next year
2)般时时表示种倾惯性动作
Crops will die without water
You won’t succeed without their support
3) 种代形式:
*be going to +v口语中广泛表示准备做发生事情例:
I'm going to buy a house when we've saved enough money
*be to +v表示计划安排做事具必强制性意义例:
I am to play tennis this afternoon
*be about to +v表示发生事情例:
He was about to start
*be due to +v表示预先确定事必定发生事例:
The train is due to depart in ten minutes
5)少数动词:begin come leave go arrive start stop return open close等般现时表示动作(表示计划事先安排发生动作句中通常表示时间状语)例:
The meeting begins at seven
The train starts at nine in the morning
(四)现进行时( is are doing)
1)表示现某时某段时间正进行动作常现进行时连词组
nowright nowat the motherfor the time beingfor the present 某具体时间(点钟)
He is writing a letter now
She is visiting Beijing this week
2)时代般现时态表示常性动作状态时表示
种感情(赞叹厌烦满意满等)
He is always thinking of his work (表示赞许)
The boy is always talking in class (表示满)
3) 时表示计划安排进行动作(时表示未时间状语)
We are leaving on Friday 星期五动身
How many of you are coming to the party
(五)现完成时(have has done)
(1)现完成时表示目前状况影响刚刚完成动作(常yetalreadyjust连)者某时刻发生持续现情况(常forsince连)例:
I have just finished my homework
Mary has been ill for three days
(2)常现完成时连时间状语:since for during over等引导出短语副词already yet just ever now before often lately recently等状语词组this week (morning month year) so far up to now many times up to the present等例:
So far she hasn't enjoyed the summer vacation
There have been a lot of changes since 1978
(3)完成时态列结构中:
*This (That It) is (was) the first (second) time +定语句
*This (That It) is (was) the only (last) + n +定语句
*This (That It) is (was) +形容词高级+ n +定语句
果句谓语动词般现时句谓语动词通常现完成时果句谓语动词般时句谓语动词通常完成时例:
(1)This is one of the rarest questions that have ever been raised at such a meeting
(2)There was a knock at the door It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening (六)进行时(was were doing)
进行时表示动作发生时发生动作正进行表示反复
惯常alwayscontinuallyconstantly等动词连例:
1)We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered
2)Whenever I visited him he was always writing at the desk
(七)完成时( had done)
(1)表示某时间前已发生动作情况时间bybefore等介词短语时间状语句表示者表示动作动作前已完成例:1)We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in
2)By the end of last year they had turned out 5 000 bicycles
(2)动词expect hope mean intend plan suppose wish want desire等完成时表示希预期意图愿等没实现例:
I had meant to take a good holiday this year but I wasn't able to get away
外两种表示想做未做事表达方式:
1)was were + to have done sth 例:
We were to have come yesterday but we couldn't
2)intended (expected hope meant planned supposed wished wanted desired) + to have done sth :
I meant to have told you about it but I forgot to do so
(3)完成时常固定句型:
1)hardly scarcely barely + 完成时+ when + 时例:
Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move
2)no sooner +完成时+ than +时例:
No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me
3)by (the end of ) +时间句中谓语动词完成时例:
The experiment had been finished by 4 o'clock yesterday afternoon
(八)般时
1 般时形式
Should would+ 动词原形
was were + 动词ing形式
2 般时常宾语句中语谓语动词时态表示某时发生事情:
He said that he would speak at the meeting
He was sixtyeight In two years he would be seventy
(九)现完成进行时( has have been doing)
现完成进行时表示某时刻前开始动作状态直延续某时刻例:
I have been looking for my lost book for three days but I still haven't found it
运动词时态注意问题
()时间条件等状语句中时态
We’ll give him the book if he wants it
He decided to fight back if he was hit again
I’ll call you as soon as I’ve finished my work
(二) 时态致(时态呼应)
We saw that the smoke was coming from a window
I didn’t know if she would come
He admitted that he had been on the march
*进行时态调整情况:
1)句说种普遍真理:
Long ago people didn’t know the earth mov es round the sun
2)句谓语改成时造成误会
Did he say that the train leaves at 530
(三)瞬间动词完成时态中:
误:I have received her letter for three months
正:I received her letter three months ago
正:It is three months since I received her letter
(四)注意某求定时态句型
* was were doing sth when …did sth
I was reading a book when the bell rang
* waswere about to do sth when … did sth
We were about to leave when the telephone rang
She was about to go out when it started to rain
* 表示做事做第次次完成时态:
It’s the first time I’ve seen her
We have been there three times
* It is has been… since…
It is (has been) two weeks since I came here
She said it was five hours since she had finished her work
* hardly…when…
We had hardly got in the crops when it began to rain
Hardly had we got in the crops when it began to rain
* no sooner…than…
I had no sooner come into the room than the door was closed
No sooner had I come into the room than the door was closed
二.动词语态
语态动词种形式英语两种语态:动语态动语态动语态表示语动作执行者动语态表示语动作承受者
1)We use electricity to run machines(动语态)
2)Electricity is used to run machines(动语态)
1.动语态动词短语
(1)英语中物动词动语态物动词(包括短语)容易引起误:appear belong belong die escape fall happen last remain succeed occur come true take place consist
of
(2)某表示状态特征物动词:become contain cost fit have resemble suit没动语态
2.动语态时态形式
常动语态表列种时态形式
时间般时进行时完成时
现am asked am being asked
is asked is being asked
are asked are being asked
was be asked was being asked
were be asked were being asked
shall be asked shall have been asked
will be asked will have been asked
should be asked should have been asked
would be asked would have been asked
3.短语动词动语态
短语动词转换动语态时通常作动词面介词副词拆开省略例:1)So far no correct conclusion has arrived at
2)All the rubbish should be got rid of
4.get + ed分词动语态
get + ed分词结构强调动作结果非动作身常表示突发性出意料偶然事件例:
The boy got hurt on his way home from work
外get + ed分词谈做事动行动行例:get dressed(穿衣服)get divorced(离婚)
get engaged(订婚)get confused(迷惑解)
get lost(迷路)get washed(洗脸)
get married(结婚)
5.动语态系表结构区
(1)The novel was well written(系表结构)
(2)The novel was written by Diskens(动语态)
6.动语态物动词:have fit hold lack cost…
I have a computer
The hall can hold 200 people
7 动性式表动意义
①feellooksmelltastesound等面接形容词时cutreadsellwearwrite等词带状语修饰语时动词表示开始结束关停转启动等意义时
This kind of cloth washes easily种布易洗
These novels won’t sell well说畅销
My pen writes smoothly钢笔写起流畅
The door won’t lock门锁
The fish smells good鱼闻起香
②break outtake placeshut offturn offwork out等动词表示发生关闭制定等意思时
The plan worked out successfully
The lamps on the wall turn off
③want require need面动名词动表示动含义
④be worth doing动形式表示动含义
⑤be + 形容词+ to do中定式逻辑宾语句子语动代动
This kind of water isn’t fit to drink
The girl isn’t easy to get along with
外:be to blame(受谴责)be to rent(出租)动形式表动
Choose the right answer
1 They _____ friends since they met in Shanghai
A have made
B have become
C have been
D have had
2 The secretary is going to report to the manager as soon as he ______
A will arrive
B arrives
C is going to arrive
D is arriving
3 We all know that ice ______
A feel cold
B is felt sold
C is feeling cold
D feels cold
4 This cloth _____ well and _____ long
OK I’ll take it
A washes lasts
B is washed lasted
C washes is lasted
D is washing lasting
5 Helen _____ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _____ home
A has left comes
B left had come
C had left came
D had left would come
6 It _____ every day so far this week
A is raining
B rained
C rains
D has been raining
7 Are you going to the movies tonight
Yes I ______ my work by that time
A will finish
B finish
C am going to finish
D will have finished
8 Was the driving pleasant when you vacationed in Mexico last summer
No it _____ for four days when we arrived so the roads were very muddy
A was raining
B would be raining
C had been raining
D has rained
9 You won’t know if the coat fits you until you _____ it on
A will try
B are trying
C tried
D have tried
10 My dictionary _______ I have looked for it everywhere but still _______
A has lost don’t find
B is missing don’t find
C has lost haven’t found
D is missing haven’t found
11 How long ______ each other before they _____ married
For about a year
A have they known get
B did they know were going to get
C do they know are going to get
D had they known got
12 Come in Peter I want to show you something
Oh how nice of you I _____ you _____ to bring me a gift
A never think are going
B never thought were going
C didn’t think are going
D hadn’t thought were going
13 When Jack arrived he learned Mary _______ for almost an hour
A had gone
B had set off
C had left
D had been away
14 I’m sorry to keep you waiting
Oh not at all I ______ here only a few minutes
A have been
B had been
C was
D will
15 The police found that the house _______ and s lot of things ______
A has broken into has been stolen
B had broken into had been stolen
C has been broken into stolen
D had been broken into stolen
16 Have you moved into the house
Not yet The rooms ________
A are being painted
B are painting
C are painted
D are being painting
17 If the city noises _______ from increasing people ______ shout to be heard at the dinner table 20 years from now
A are not kept will have to
B are not kept have to
C do not keep will have to
D do not keep have to
18 ________ the sports meet might be put off
Yes it all depends on the weather
A I’ve been told
B I’ve told
C I’m told
D I was told
19 I don’t think Jim saw me he ______ into space
A just stared (凝视)
B was just staring
C has just stared
D had just stared
20 _______ my glasses
Yes I _______ them on your bed a minute ago
A Do you see saw
B Had you seen have seen
C Have you seen saw
D Would you see saw
21 We could have walked to the station it was so near
Yes A taxi _______ at all necessary
A wasn’t
B hadn’t been
C wouldn’t be
D won’t be
22 Who is Jerry Cooper
______ I saw you shake hands with him at the meeting
A Don’t you meet him yet
B Hadn’t you met him yet
C Didn’t you meet him yet
D Haven’t you met him yet
23 Nancy is not coming tonight
But she _______
A promises
B promised
C will promise
D had promised
24 _______ it with me and I’ll see what I can do
A When left
B Leaving
C If you leave
D Leave
25 It is clear that his poor education _______ him back
A has been held
B is holding
C will be held
D had held
26 How are you planning to travel to Shanghai
I ____ yet but I ______ taking a train
A haven’t decided am considering
B haven’t decided consider
C did n’t decided am considering
D hadn’t decided have considered
27 The pen I _______ I _______ is on my desk right under my nose
A think lose
B thought had lost
C think had lost
D thought have lost
28 Have you heard about the new school
No when and where to build the new one _______ yet
A is not decided
B are not decided
C hasn’t decided
D haven’t decided
29 Sorry I’m late
That’s OK I _____ long
A haven’t waited
B don’t wait
Chaven’t been waiting
D didn’t wait
30 Nancy sat in the front seat on the left side of the classroom
Oh I thought she ______ in the back
A will sit
B had sat
C is sitting
D has sat
31 I ______ my face when suddenly someone ______ at the door
A washed knocked
B washed was knocking
C was washing was knocking
D was washing knocked
32 I ______ at the station half an hour ago but the train _____ yet
A arrived hadn’t come
B was arriving hadn’t come
C arrived hasn’t come
D had arrived didn’t come
33 Why did you come by taxi
My car broke down last week and I still _______ it repaired
A haven’t had
B didn’t have
C don’t have
D won’t have
34 I’m surprised to find you here looking well and playing tennis Jim Ann said that you _____ sick
A are
B were
C would be
D had been
35 The price _________ but I doubt whether it will remain so
A went down
B will go down
C has gone done
D was going down
36 Did you go to Qingdao for vacation last August
I _______ to go but I got sick at the last minute
A was planning
B had been planning
C planned
D have planned
37 I finally got the job I dreamed about Never in my life _____ so happy
A did I feel
B I felt
C I had felt
D had I felt
38 How are you today
Oh I ________ as ill as I do now for a very long time
A didn’t feel
B wasn’t feeling
C don’t feel
Dhaven’t felt
39 The reporter said the UFO ______ east to west when he saw it
A was travelling
B travelled
C had been travelling
D was to travel
40 I think that you need ______ practice on playing the violin
______ violin lessons every two weeks but I think I’ll make it every week from now on
A less I have
B less I’ve taking
C more I have
D more I’ve been having
41 I remember ______ for the job but I forget the exact number
A to be paid
B being paid
C get paid
D that I receive pay
42 By this time you come I ______ the task ______ to me last month
A have finished given
B will have finished to be given
C will have finished given
D have finished to be given
43 There was a knock at the door It was the second time that someone ______ me that evening
A to have interrupted
B would have interrupted
C had interrupted
D to interrupt
44 It is a long time ______ I saw you last
Yes And it will be a long time ______ we see each other again
A before since
B since before
C then then
D when when
45 We ______ that you would be able to visit us but you did not
A hope
B hoped
C had hoped
D are hoping
46 Mary felt both unprepared and nervous about the interview which she ______ the next day
A was bout to face
B is going to face
C will face
D was to face
47 In such dry weather the flowers will have to be watered if they ______
A have survived
B are to survive
C would survive
D will survive
48 Are you member of the club
______ It’s ten years since I ______ a member of the club
AYes was
B No became
C Yes had been
D No was
49 She ______ law the moment she has finished high school
A is going to study
B is to study
C is about to study
D will be studying
50 The bikes produced in that factory are of high quality So they ______ well both at home and abroad
A sell
B are sold
C may be sold
D are to be sold
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