高考英语知识点之时态


    高考英语知识点时态
    1 般现时
    ①表示客观事实普通真理(受时态限制)
    The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun
    Water boils at 100oC
    ②表示现状性质状态时系动词状态动词表示常惯性动作动作动词常表频率时间状语连
    Ice feels cold
    We always care for each other and help each other
    ③表示知觉态度感情某种抽象关系概念词常般现时:seehearsmelltastefeelnoticeagreebelievelikehatewantthinkbelong seem等:
    I know what you mean
    Smith owns a car and a house
    All the students here belong to No1 Middle School
    ④时间条件状语句中常般现时代时注意if 引导条件状语句中shallwill表意愿表示时态
    If you will accept my invitation and come to our party my family will be pleased果愿意接受参加舞会家会非常高兴
    ⑤少数表示起止动词comegoleavearriveflyreturnstartbeginpencloseendstop等常般现时代时表示规定计划安排发生动作be表示根时间事先安排肯定会出现状态般现时
    The shop closes at 1100 pm every day
    Tomorrow is Wednesday
    2 般时
    ①般时基法:表示事情动作状态常表示具体时间状语连(文语境暗示)表达惯表示说话原没料想希事通常式:
    I met her in the street yesterday
    I once saw the famous star here
    They never drank wine
    I thought the film would be interestingbut it isn’t
    ②果句中时间状语句中动作先句发生句中谓语动词连式:
    He told me he read an interesting novel last night
    ③表示两紧接着发生动作常词语连接般时:but and when as soon as immediately the moment the minute
    The moment she came in she told me what had happened to her
    He bought a watch but lost it
    ④常般时句型:
    Why didn’t you I think of that
    I didn’t notice it
    I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before
    I didn’t recognize him
    3 般时
    ①表示未动作状态常will shall + 动词(常表示时间状语边tomorrownext week等)
    ②表示种趋惯动作
    We’ll die without air or water
    ③表示趋行动词comegostartbeginleave等词常进行时形式表示时
    ④be going towill shall be to do be about to do法区:
    be going to 表示现算做某事种算事先考虑甚已做某种准备shall will do表示未事先考虑说话时时作出决定
    be going to 表条件状语句句中will表意愿:
    If it is fine we’ll go fishing(正确)
    If it is fine we are going to go fishing(错误)
    be to do sth表计划安排发生动作表示吩咐命令禁止性等
    A meeting is to be held at 300 o’clock this afternoon
    be about to do sth表示面接时间状语状语句
    Autumn harvest is about to start
    4 现进行时
    ①表示说话时正发生着动作表示现阶段定发生讲话时表期特定安排计划gocome等起止动作进行时代时:
    It is raining now
    He is teaching English and learning Chinese
    I am meeting Mr Wang tonight
    We are leaving on Friday
    At six I am bathing the baby(I start bathing the bady before six)
    The girl is always talking loud in public(alwaysoften等频度副词连表常反复行动某种感情色彩)
    ②面四类动词宜现进行时(A)表示心理状态情感动作:like love hate care remember believe want mind wish agree mean need(B)表存状态动词:appear exist lie remain seem belong to depend on(C)表示时性动作动词:allow accept permit promise admit complete(D)表示感官动词:see hear notice feel smell sound taste look
    5 完成时
    ①常完成时种情况:(A)byby the endby the timeuntilbeforesince接表示某时间短语句前发生动作:By the end of last year we had produced 20000 cars The train had left before we reached the station (B)表示实现希算意图诺言等常had hoped planned meant intended
    though wanted expected等述动词式接定式完成式表示:hoped planned … + to have done(C)时间名词 + before句子中作状语谓语动词完成时时间名词 + ago句中作状语谓语动词般式:He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago(D)表示……句型:Hardly No sooner Scarcely had + 语 + 分词 + when than before + 般时:We had no sooner been seated than the bus started No sooner had we been seated than the bus started
    ②beforeafter引导时间状语句中般时态代完成时
    After he (had)left the room the boss came in
    We arrived home before it snowed
    6 时
    参般时:would dowas were going to do sth表comegoleave等进行时表时was were to do sthwas were about to do sth表
    7 进行时
    ①某时刻正进行动作某阶段发生频繁发生
    ②某动作发生时动作正发生中whenwhile引导时间状语句中
    8 现完成时
    ①现完成时forsince引导状语连外面介词短语连:during in over the last(past)few years (months weeks)in recent years等
    ②列句型中常现完成时
    It is (has been) + 段时间 + since句
    This(That It)is the first(second…)time that + 完成时
    This(That It)is the only … + that + 完成时
    This(that It)is the best finest most interesting … + that 句 + 完成时
    ③时间条件状语句中现完成时代般时:
    I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it
    If you have done the experiment you will realize the theory better
    Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped
    9 时态区
    ①般时现完成时:时间差异:时间均时态完成时态含agolast yearjust nowthe other day等
    结果差异:现完成时强调现影响结果动作现刚完成继续般时强调动作发生现毫关系
    ②完成时般时:完成时强调出现语连续动作(连谓)形式般时
    2动语态考查点简述
    动语态构成方式:be + 分词口语get become + 分词表示动语态基法:知道没必提动作执行者谁时动语态强调突出动作承受者常动语态(by短语时省略)
    (1)动语态时应注意问题
    ①动变化动时双宾语变化列例句
    My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday
    An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday
    I was given an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday
    ②动变动时宾补成补(位置变)(作补语)定式前需加to
    The boss made him work all day long
    He was made to work all day long(by the boss)
    ③短语动词变动语态时勿掉尾巴
    The children were taken good care of (by her)
    Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to
    ④情态动词be going tobe tobe sure toused tohave tohad better等结构变动语态需面动词原形变be +分词
    ⑤句子谓语saybelieveexpectthinkknowwriteconsiderreport等时动语态两种形式:(A)谓语动词动语态动词定式作补(B)it作形式语真正语面语面语句表示:
    People say he is a smart boy
    It is said that he is a smart boy
    He is said to be a smart boy

    People know paper was made in China first
    It is known that paper was made in China first
    Paper was known to be made in China first
    类似句型:It is said known suggested believed hoped thought that …
    (2)动语态种情况
    ①物动词物动词词组动语态中
    ②表示状态谓语动词:lastholdbenefitcontainequalfitjoinmeanlastlook likeconsist to等
    ③表示属动词haveownbelong to等
    ④表示希意图动词:wishwanthopelikelovehate等
    ⑤宾语反身代词相互代词时谓语动词动语态动语态
    ⑥宾语源宾语定式动名词等谓语动词动语态
    ⑦动词动形式表示动意义特语物时常见动词sellwritewashopenlock等
    (3)动形式表动意义
    ①feellooksmelltastesound等面接形容词时cutreadsellwearwrite等词带状语修饰语时动词表示开始结束关停转启动等意义时
    This kind of cloth washes easily种布易洗
    These novels won’t sell well说畅销
    My pen writes smoothly钢笔写起流畅
    The door won’t lock门锁
    The fish smells good鱼闻起香
    ②break outtake placeshut offturn offwork out等动词表示发生关闭制定等意思时
    The plan worked out successfully
    The lamps on the wall turn off
    ③want require need面动名词动表示动含义
    ④be worth doing动形式表示动含义
    ⑤be + 形容词 + to do中定式逻辑宾语句子语动代动
    This kind of water isn’t fit to drink
    The girl isn’t easy to get along with
    外:be to blame(受谴责)be to rent(出租)动形式表动
    (4)动形式表示动意义种情况
    ①be seated坐着
    He is seated on a bench(He seats himself on a bench)坐凳子
    ②be hidden躲藏
    He was hidden behind the door(He hid himself behind the door)藏门
    ③be lost迷路
    ④be drunk喝醉
    ⑤be dressed穿着
    The girl was dressed in a red short skirt
    (5)动语态系表结构区
    动语态强调动作系表结构表语特点状态:
    The book was sold by a certain bookstore(动语态)
    The book is well sold(系表结构)
    二精典名题导解
    选择填空
    1 Visitors ________not to touch the exhibits(NMET 2001)
    Awill request Bare requested
    Care requesting Drequest
    解析:答案B题时态难判断说条规定般现时visitorrequest间动宾关系request visitors not to touch the exhibits究竟谁求样做呢?清楚必知道需动语态分析visitorsrequest间关系题解题关键
    2 Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology __________ so rapidly(NMET 2001)
    Ais changing Bhas changed
    Cwill have changed Dwill change
    解析:答案A题考查现进行时态法句意选择部移动电话件容易事科技发展十分迅速句句般现时表达目前情况科技发展迅速现阶段正存种状态现进行时表达
    3 All the preparations for the task ___________ and we’re ready to start(2000年春季高考)
    Acompleted Bcomplete
    Chad been completed Dhave been completed
    解析:答案D现完成时表示年做事现影响and we’re ready to start句意知切准备工作已绪开始工作complete物动词句子语动关系需动语态表达注意①分清complete语间关系②结合语境选择正确时态

    10 动词时态语态题
    1.—We could have walked to the station.It was so near.
    —Yes.A taxi at all necessary.
    A.wasn’t B.hadn’t been C.wouldn’t be D.won’t be
    2.When I got to the cinemathe film for the minutes.
    A.has begun B.had begun C.had been on D.was on
    3.If city noises from increasingpeople shout to be heard even at the dinner table.
    A. are not keptwill have to B.are not kepthave to
    C.do not keepwill have to D.do not keephave to
    4.In some parts of the worldtea with milk and sugar
    A.is serving B.is severed C.serves D.served
    5.—Do you like the material
    —Yesit vety soft.
    A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt
    6.I don’t really work here.I until the new secretary arrives.
    A.just help out B.have just helped out C.am just helping out D.will just help out
    7.—You haven’t been to Beijinghave you
    — .How I wish to go there
    A.Yes.I have B.YesI haven’t C.No.I have D.NoI haven’t
    8.It is reported that by the end of this yearanother school will .
    A.be built B.have built C.have been built D.have be built
    9.—Heylook where you are going
    — ——0hI’m terribly sorry. .
    A.I’m not noticing B.1 wasn’t noticing C.I haven’t noticed D.I don’t notice
    10.—How are you today
    — ——OhI as ill as I do now for a long time.
    A.didn’t feel B.wasn’t feeling C.don’t fee D.haven’t felt
    l1.Old McDonald gave up smoking for a whilebut soon to his old ways.
    A.returned B.returns C.was returning D.had returned
    12.All the preparations for the task and we’re ready to start.
    A.completed B.complete C.had been completed D.have been completed
    13.He to the lab than he set out to do the experiment.
    A.has no sooner got B.was supposed to
    C.will no sooner get D.have no sooner got
    14.The train arrive at 11:30 but it was an hour late.
    A.would suppose B.was supposed to C.is supposed to D.supposed to
    15.He stepped into the office down and began to fill in the forms.
    A.sitting B.to sit C.sat D.having sat
    16.The little girl her heart out because she her toy bear and believed she wasn’t ever going to find it.
    A.had cried1ost B.criedhad lose
    C.has criedhas lost D.crieshas 1ost
    17.Both my brothers work at the power station that at my home town.
    A.has set up B.has been set up C.was set up D.is set up
    18.Linda has 1ost her passport again.It’s the second time this .
    A.has happened B.has been happened C.happened D.happens
    19.—SorryI forgot to post the letter for you
    —Never mind it myself tonight.
    A.I’m going to post B.I’d better to post
    C.I’ll post D.I’d rather post
    20.He his leg when he in a football match against another schoo1.
    A.brokeplayed B.was breakingwas playing
    C.brokewas playing D.was breakingplayed
    21.—Where the recorder I Can’t see it anywhere.
    —I it right here.But now it’s gone.
    A.did you puthave put B.have you put put
    C.had you putwas putting D.were you puttinghave put
    22.Hello I you in London.How long have you been here
    A.don’t knowwere B.hadn’t knownare
    C.have knownare D.didn’t knowwere
    23.—Come onPeter.I want to show you something.
    —Ohhow nice of you I you to bring me a gift
    A.never thinkare going B.never thoughtwere going
    C.didn’t thinkwere going D.hadn’t thoughtwere going
    24.All the teachers in this schoo1 are .
    A.clean dressing B.cleanly dressing C.clean dressed D.cleanly dressed
    25.When I was at college I three foreign languagesbut I all except a few words of each.
    A.spokehad forgotten B.spokehave forgotten
    C.had spokenhad forgotten D.had spokenhave forgotten
    26.—Have you moved into the new house
    —Not yet.The rooms .
    A.are being painted B.are painting C.are painted D.are being painting
    27.—Excuse mesir.Would you do me a favor of course.What is it
    —I if you could tell me how to fill out this form.
    A.had wondered B.was wondering C.would wonder D.did wonder
    28.—We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.
    — What do you suppose to her
    A.was happening B.to happen C.has happened D.having happened
    29.I wonder why Jenny us recently.We should have heard from her by now.
    A.hasn’t written B.doesn’t write C.won’t write D.hadn’t written
    30.Mary a dress when she cut her finger.
    A.make B.is making C.was making D.makes
    31.—Do you know our town at all
    —Nothis is the first time I here.
    A.was B.have been C.came D.am coming
    32.The last time I Jane she cotton in the fields.
    A.had seenwas picking B.sawpicked
    C.had seenpicked D.sawwas picking
    33.Tom into the house when no one .
    A.slippedwas looking B.had slippedlooked
    C.slippedhad looked D.was slippedlooked
    34.We were all surprised when he made it clear that he office soon.
    A.1eaves B.would leave C.1eft D.had left
    35 The pen I I is on my deskright under my nose.
    A.thinklost B.thoughthad lost
    C.thinkhad lost D.thoughthave 1ost
    36.—Can I join the clubDad
    —You can when you a bit older.
    A.get B.will get C.are getting D.will have got
    37.—I’m sorry to keep you waiting.
    —0hnot at a11.I here only a few minutes.
    A.have been B.had been C.was D.will be
    38.You don’t have to describe her I her several times.
    A.had met B.have met C.met D.most
    答案
    15 ACABC 610 CDCBD 1115 ADDBC 1620 BBACC 2125 BDBDB 2630 ABCAC
    3135 BDABB 3638 AAB



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