医学英文文写作方法
根医学杂志编辑国际委员会 (The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors ICMJE)制定生物医学杂志投稿统求(The Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals 5th Ed 1997)* 篇生物医学科研文(简称文)应包括12部分:
1.标题(Title)7.致谢(Acknowledgements)
2.摘(Abstract)8.参考文献(References)
3.引言(Introduction) 9.插图说明(Legends)
4.材料方法(Materials and Methods )10.插图(Figures)
5.结果(Results) 11.表格(Tables)
6.讨(Discussion)12.片说明(Plates and Explanations)
79101112部分实际情况需外部分篇文必少容
1)引言部分总求:The purpose of an introduction is to bring the reader into the general area of your study and then state the specific area of study (move from the general to the specific) The introduction shows the scope of your investigation efforts** :说明研究总体范围目 具体容包括:
A背景 – 说明研究问题目前总体情况历史(statement of general area or history of problem)
B.意义 – 说明研究意义必性(statement of importance or need)
C.进展 – 说明关该问题先发现报告研究(statement of previous findings reports or studies)陈述部分容时般引文(citations)
D目 – 说明研究目(statement of purpose of current study)
E 范围 – 说明研究问题具体范围(statement of specific area of problem to be studied)
1)材料方法部分
总求:Readers must be able to reproduce your results evaluate the validity of your results and the soundness of your methods and follow the logic in the paper :结果重演性方法*性前逻辑性
具体容包括:
A.简说明研究设计(study design protocol):回顾(retrospective review)前瞻(prospective)床(clinical)动物(animal)实验(experimental)活体(in vivo)活体外(in vitro)原位(in situ)访(followup)(controlled)机(random randomized)双盲交*(doubleblind crossover)群(population cohort migrant)(comparative)流行病学(epidemiological)等研究性质
B 详细说明研究象(subject)情况包括研究员(student)研究(client)动物(animal)性(***)年龄(age)物种(species)品种(breed)生理状态(physiological state) 微生物说明菌株(strain)血清型(serotype)区特性(identity characteristics)
C机分组分组方法(methods of any random assignment of subjects to groups)选择标准(criteria for admission to study groups)
D详细说明药物(drug)激素(hormone)试剂(reagent)化学品(chemical)名称商标(trademark)生产厂家(manufacturer)(location)E简说明测定方法(method of measurement)包括名称引文偏差(variations)F简说明统计学分析方法(method of statistic analysis)
部分陈述程序般:研究设计 → 研究象性质 → 处理 干预方法 → 测定 观察手段 → 统计分析
指示性说明外:病资料见表1(Data of the patients are shown in Table 1)材料方法结果两部分律时表达
3) 结果部分总求:This section tells the reader what happened in your work Remember let your
results speak for themselves and don’t embellish (leave that for the Discussion section) :研究客观结果说话添枝加叶
具体求:
1) 获结果进行概述(overview of the results)
2) 说明获资料数统计意义(statistical significance)
统计支持(statistical support)包括图表片等 (图表表示容文字详述)
模棱两词短语表述结果: The results tended to be greater than… … showed no promising trends It could might be inhibited by …
4) 讨部分
总求:The author should tell the reader what the results mean by placing them in the context of previous published studies of the problem :先研究相研究意义具体求:
A. 简说明研究背景(background)
B. 简介绍总发现(general findings)
C. 介绍具体点(introduction of points)
D.现发现()进行较(comparison in the context of other studies)
E. 意义(suggested meaning)
F. 结(conclusion)
G.前瞻研究(future studies)
结文中长难写部分原作者研究结果发现进行分析推断演绎推理求作者具强逻辑思维力英语文字组织力外部分时态较复杂分清实验程结果(时)分析意见(确定:现时确定假设:时)区研究结果(时现完成时)研究结果(时)区普遍适结(现时)适研究结(时)等however may might could would possibly probably be likely to 等词(组)we believe (think consider) that to our knowledge in our experience (practice) 等插入语显格外重5) 致谢部分
总求:Always get approval of your intention to mention someone in the acknowledgement and approval of the form in which you will present the acknowledgement :致谢词致谢方式必须征受谢单位意
6) 参考文献
总求:Reference styles should be specific to each journal :根杂志具体求杂志参考文献部分编排序格式统现URMSBJ求20种参考文献中常见5种格式列举:
1) Vega KJ Pina I Krevsky B Heart transplantation is associated with an increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease Ann Intern Med 1996 Jun 1 124(11) 9803 [标准杂志文章]
2) The Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand Clinical excise stress testingSafety and performance guidelines Med J Aust 1996 164 2824 [作者组织]
3) Cancer in South Africa [editorial] S Afr Med J 1984 84 15 [作者名]
4) Shen HM Zhang QF Risk assessment of nickel cardiogenicity and occupational lung cancer Environ Health Perspect 1994 102 Suppl 1 27582 [某杂志增刊]
5) Browell DA Lennard TW Immunologic status of the cancer patient and the effects of blood transfusion on antitumor responses Curr Opin Gen Surg 1993 32533 [期卷]
7) 插图说明
总求:Type or point out legends for illustrations using double spacing starting on a separate page :插图说明页双行印插图中箭头(arrow)符号(symbol)数字(number)字母(letter)
时部分(插图页)方位置等作出非常明确说明
8)插图
总求:Design your figures for the appropriate reduction :插图杂志版面例进行压缩插图拍成片
9)表格总求:A table should be a totally selfcontained unit of information :表格作独立信息单位页印表格简明清楚完整(标题容脚注)张表格标Table 1
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