李开复-21种演讲技巧(英文)
- 1. 21 Secrets to Becoming A Good SpeakerKai-Fu Lee Managing Director Microsoft Research, China
- 2. We Present Every Day!Not just conference talks…. Product group meetings BillG / TAB meetings Preamble to a demo Convince a product group to be interested Present patent to a lawyer Present a group result at offsite “Elevator” talks
- 3. But I’m not good at it….Presentation skills can be acquired. Examples: Bill Gates Kai-Fu Lee
- 4. What You’ll Learn Today:Communication skills Preparing the Talk Delivering the Talk Handling Q&A 21 secrets to becoming a good speaker.
- 5. What is Communication Skills?Verbal (words spoken) Vocal (tone, range, appeal, credibility of voice) Visual (physical appearance, clothing, gestures, eye contact)7% 38% 55%Communication Skills
- 6. “Without effective delivery, a speech of the highest mental capacity can be held in no esteem. With effective delivery, even one with moderate abilities may surpass those of the highest talent.” -- Cicero “The man who can think and does not know how to express what he thinks is at the level of him who cannot think.” -- PericlesThe Importance of Communication Skills
- 7. Communication Skills = Fake?Most important factor is PASSION! If you’re passionate, your vocal & visual skills will come naturally. Passion could come from subject, experience, or environment. “There is just one sure cure for bad speeches – Get truly excited on the subject, and 99 percent of the faults of your speaking will disappear.” -- Robert Montgomery But there are skills to be learned. Like reading, writing, typing…. Must learn this, if you want your work to be understood!
- 8. Verbal SkillsBe simple and clear! Don’t ramble. Stop to think if you need to. Example one: Dan Quayle celebrates democracy: Example two: Dan Quayle trying to say “A mind is a terrible thing to waste”
- 9. Verbal SkillsSpeaking is not like writing!!! Use simple words. Don’t use complex sentences. Can you understand this: Don’t use ambiguous words in speech.
- 10. Vocal SkillsProject & resonate your voice. No “UM”s and “ER”s. (Pause instead). Silence is a tool (To draw attention).
- 11. Vocal SkillsPlay your voice with pitch and tempo. To amplify a point, slow down, speak loudly, exaggerate inotation, pause in the right places. “You are right. I am wrong” – Stalin to Trotsky “Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country” -- John F. Kennedy BAD EXAMPLE : “I welcome this kind of examination, because people have to know whether their president is a crook. Well, I’m not a crook.” -- Richard M. Nixon Don’t use it everywhere!
- 12. Vocal Skills : Same message; many ways to deiverJohn Kennedy: “You need to contribute to your country”’ “Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country”. Quayle vs. Benson Debate: Quayle: "I have as much experience in the Congress as Jack Kennedy did when he sought the presidency." Answer 1: “Jack Kennedy is better than you.” Answer 2: "Senator, I served with Jack Kennedy. I knew Jack Kennedy. Jack Kennedy was a friend of mine. Senator, you're no Jack Kennedy.“
- 13. Vocal Skills : EnthusiasmPassion & Enthusiasm! If you’re not passionate, why should we care? Example: Martin Luther King I have a dream. That one day This nation will rise up Live up to the true meaning to its creed: We hold these truths to be self-evident That all men are created equal.
- 14. Visual SkillsVisual Skills – THE most important Appear trustworthy & respectful. US Election 1960 was won on visual skills. Components of Visual Skills Eyes Body Hands Face
- 15. Visual Skills – EyesLook forward at audience (trust) Don’t shift eyeballs; don’t look in corner. Don’t look too much at computer screen or your notes. Look at people’s faces (not eyes) 3-6 seconds per person. Shift randomly. Nod, smile, use facial expression.
- 16. Visual Skills – BodyStand up when talking. Walk around = informal. Don’t: Rock, shake, lean too much.
- 17. Visual Skills – HandsGesture complements talk. Should come naturally, without thinking. Make sure they match! Need to exaggerate a little Especially with large audience. Don’t fidget or put in pocket. Videotape whole talk & watch.
- 18. Visual Skills – FaceShow emotion! Most of the time: “I care a lot about this.” “I really believe in this.” “I love my work.” Sometimes (in response to questions). “This is the most outrageous thing I’ve ever heard.” “I will have nothing to do with this.”
- 19. What You’ll Learn Today:Communication skills Preparing the Talk Delivering the Talk Handling Q&A 21 secrets to becoming a good speaker.
- 20. Preparing the TalkAlways OVERPREPARE!!!!! Preparation includes: Researching the background. Organizing the talk. Writing the slides. Rehearsing the talk. Last minute things….
- 21. Researching the BackgroundWhen you’re invited, find out: How long is the talk? What’s the topic? (Say no if you don’t care about the topic). Who’s the audience. Once you say yes, you are COMMITTED to do a great job.
- 22. Organizing the TalkYou’re the salesman. First lesson for salesmen: “Tell them what you’re going to say. Say it. Tell them what you said” Very similar to your paper!
- 23. The Central Message (it)People will not remember everything. Have ONE clear walk-away message. What do you want people to remember in 3 months? The answer to the question: “How was the talk?” Repeat it!
- 24. The OpeningSay something provoking! Give a (very short) outline/overview.
- 25. The SubstanceLogical. Convincing. Help them remember the message! Anticipate doubts & remove them. Smooth transitions Don’t lose the audience OK to re-order the sub-topics. Keep repeating the message!
- 26. The EndingEnd with a BANG! Repeat the message. Say thank you.
- 27. Writing the Visuals (PowerPoint)Prepation (80% time) First prepare outline (recommend : Word). Then modify outline for: Logic onvincing, flow, transitions…. Actual Slide Writing (20% time) Should come almost directly from the outline.
- 28. Use of Visuals (PowerPoint)Visuals only support your talk. Spend more time on your talk! Simple and clear 1 idea; 3 sub-concepts; <= 6 lines. Readable – Big & color-coordinated. Don’t read from the slides!
- 29. What if Talk is ComplexDon’t lose people. Use grayed out outline. If idea is complex: Try really hard to avoid complex slides, but… If you must use it, use layers (prevent read-ahead & lack of focus). Remember to change slides for printing. Example….
- 30. If you must use complex layers… a good exampleContent ServerProxy ServerClients3. return content1. open connection & send requestContent re-authoringClient/User profilesAdaptation schemesNetwork monitoringCaching & pre-fetching management2. retrieve content 2. retrieve content 3. retrieve network data, user/client profiles 4. perform adaptation5. return content1. open connection & send request
- 31. Use of Demos / MultimediaKeeps the talk interesting. Don’t overdo it. Should be tied to content. Ordering : 2,N, N-1, N-2,….3, 1
- 32. Rehearsing Your TalkRecord & listen to every talk at least twice! Record: Best : PowerPoint features. OK : Tape recorder. Must do sometime : Video Ask experienced speaker to critique. Improve: Style, logic, timing per slide.
- 33. Get the Timing Right!Running out of time is a disaster. Write how much time should remain on each slide.
- 34. After you’re more experienced….No longer necessary to record. Every new talk still must be rehearsed. Bring notes if you aren’t confident.
- 35. Just Before the Talk….Prepare something matching the occasion. Make sure you’re not too tired: Get enough sleep the previous night. Drink 3 cups of coffee!
- 36. What You’ll Learn Today:Communication skills Preparing the Talk Delivering the Talk Handling Q&A 21 secrets to becoming a good speaker.
- 37. Delivering the TalkOvercoming language barrier. Overcoming nervousness. Art of Good Opening & ending. Humor Audience participation
- 38. Overcoming Language BarrierPerfect English not necessary. Know your limitations. Don’t use fancy words, complex sentences. Don’t take any chance of looking silly. OK to bring cheat notes!
- 39. Outline & ScriptAlways make an outline. PowerPoint notes; Word Outline. Don’t have to use it. It may be best to READ a speech. No excuse not to be fluent! (practice!) Don’t stare at paper. (Memorize it if you’re prefer).
- 40. Overcoming Nervousness“Do the thing you fear and the death of fear is certain.” -- Ralph Waldo Emerson
- 41. Hiding NervousnessIt is possible to hide nervousness! Don’t let the shaking show! Make a fist; hold the lectern. Speak loudly. Take a deep breath. Look at a friendly face. Look above people’s heads.
- 42. Art of Good Opening & EndingOpening Say something relevant to the occasion. Need to research background before the talk. Ending “If you remember only one thing from this talk, then you should remember XXX”.
- 43. HumorGood humor: Respectful. Relevant (better yet: original). Short. Plan your jokes: Remember what worked. Use it again!
- 44. HumorHow to tell a joke? Set up (people should know a joke is coming up). Pause after climax (punch line). Move on naturally if no reaction!
- 45. Audience ParticipationBest way for people to remember! Ask audience a question Anticipate their answer(s)! Respond with something interesting AND relevant.
- 46. Be YourselfLearn the skills; don’t copy the styles. You must be yourself to be credible. Many styles could be effective: Bill Gates – Brilliant technologist Steve Ballmer – Powerful salesman Steve Jobs – Passionate evangelist
- 47. What You’ll Learn Today:Communication skills Preparing the Talk Delivering the Talk Handling Q&A 21 secrets to becoming a good speaker.
- 48. Q&AQ&A is your chance to: Amplify your points. Increase your credibility.
- 49. Dealing with QuestionsEasy Questions Amplify your points! Hard Questions No need to answer directly. But don’t hide! Narrow Questions Take offline.
- 50. Q&A – Giving A Good AnswerRespect the listener Right body language Repeat the question Complete if people cannot hear. Paraphrase to help amplify your point. If people are too shy, you start! Don’t argue or dismiss a question.
- 51. 21 Secrets#1 Anybody can learn to give a good talk.
- 52. 21 Secrets#2 Don’t give a talk unless you’re passionate.
- 53. 21 Secrets#3 Use simple and clear words.
- 54. 21 Secrets#4 Play your voice to focus on key points.
- 55. 21 Secrets#5 Silence is a great tool.
- 56. 21 Secrets#6 Overprepare every talk.
- 57. 21 Secrets#7 Tell them what you’re going to say. Say it. Tell them what you said.
- 58. 21 Secrets#8 Have ONE clear central message for: the question “How was the talk”
- 59. 21 Secrets#9 Open your talk with something thought-provoking
- 60. 21 Secrets#10 Slides should be simple & clear.
- 61. 21 Secrets#11 Don’t read from your slides.
- 62. 21 Secrets#12 Order your demos.
- 63. 21 Secrets#13 Rehearse & listen to each talk at least twice!
- 64. 21 Secrets#14 Time your talk on every slide.
- 65. 21 Secrets#15 It may be OK to read from a script.
- 66. 21 Secrets#16 Stay awake! Drink 3 cups of coffee before your talk.
- 67. 21 Secrets#17 It is possible to hide nervousness.
- 68. 21 Secrets#18 Tailor your opening remarks to the occasion.
- 69. 21 Secrets#19 “If you only remember one thing from this talk, you should remember XXX”
- 70. 21 Secrets#20 Humor & Interactivity must be relevant and well-planned.
- 71. 21 Secrets#21 Q&A can help you more than the audience.
- 72. ConclusionGiving a talk is easy It just takes: A little passion A lot of practice!
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