初中英语八年级册Unit 1词汇句型精讲
词汇精讲
1 have a cold
have a cold动词短语意患感伤风说成catch a coldget a coldtake a cold中have表示患病病进行时态段时间连表示状态catchget a cold表示瞬时动作段时间连例：
I have had a cold for three days 感三天
句表达：
I hadcaughtgot a cold three days ago
拓展
表示体某部位痛时种结构：
（1）have a + 身体部位名词加ache构成例：
have a headache 头痛
have a toothache 牙痛
have a stomachache胃痛
（2）have a sore + 身体部位名词例：
have a sore throat 喉咙痛
have a sore arm 胳膊痛
have a sore foot 脚痛
（3）身体部位 + hurtache例：
My eyes hurt 眼睛痛
My legs ache 腿疼
（4）have a pain in on + the + 身体部位例：
I have a pain in the arm 胳膊痛
（5）There is something wrong with + one’s + 身体部位例：
There is something wrong with your eyes 眼睛毛病
2 rest
（1）rest作物动词意休息作物动词意休息例：
You should rest your eyes after a lot of reading
量阅读应该休息眼睛
I’m tired and I want to rest 累想休息
（2）rest作名词常搭配have a rest表示休息例：
You have a coldand should have a rest
感应该休息
3 break
（1）break作物意弄碎破碎break式broke分词broken例：Glass is easily broken 玻璃容易破碎
（2）break作物动词意弄碎弄断例：
Li Ming broke his left leg last night 昨晚李明摔断左腿
（3）break作物动词意遵守例：
As a student you shouldn’t break school rules
作学生该违反学校规
拓展
(1) break down 意(机器)坏例：
We are sorry to arrive late because the car broke down
抱歉晚车抛锚
（2）break into 表示破门入例：
I caught two men trying to break into the office 瞧见两想闯入办公室
(3）break out 表示（战争瘟疫火灾等）爆发例：
World War II broke out in September 1939 第二次世界战爆发1939年9月
4 hurt
（1）hurt作物动词意受伤弄痛分词式hurt例：
He hurt his right knee 伤右膝
I hope you haven’t hurt yourself 愿没受伤
(2) hurt 指肉体伤害指精神感情伤害例：
You hurt her feelings when you said she was fat
说胖伤害感情
I don’t mean to hurt you 非意伤害
（3）hurt作物动词意疼痛例：
My feet hurt when I walk 走路时脚疼
I caught a cold and my head hurt 感头痛
5 free
free作物动词意例：
Can you free me for half an hour？ 时？
拓展
（1）free作形容词表示空闲例：
You are free to ask questions 请便问
Are you free tomorrow？空？
（2）free作免费例：
Are the drinks free 饮料免费
The books are given away free 书免费赠送
（3）free副词freely表示便等位动词前例：
You may speak freely 直言
He could write freely about it now 写事
6 mean
（1）mean作物动词表示算意味着接名词动词定式短语句例：
The red light means Stop 红灯表示停止
I mean to go shopping 意思购物
The sign means that the road is blocked 标志表示路通（2）mean名词形式meaning表示意思含义例：
What’s the meaning of the word？单词什意思？
（3）What do did you mean by 该句型意思……什意思 例：
What do you mean by acting like this 样做什意思
7 lie
lie动词意躺式分词分laylain现分词lying例：
I found he was lying on the ground 发现躺
拓展
(1) lie位意思例：
A temple lies on the top of the mountain 座寺庙位山顶
(2) lie作动词时意撒谎式分词规均liedlie作名词意谎言例：
Don’t lie to me撒谎
The boy told a lie to me 男孩撒谎
(3)英语中部分ie结尾动词ing形式必须改iey加ing例：
die → dying tie → tying lie → lying
8 breathe
breathe作物动词作物动词意呼吸例：
The old man is breathing hard位老呼吸困难
It’s good to breathe fresh air 呼吸新鲜空气处
拓展辨析breathebreath
两词表示呼吸意思词性breath 名词breathe 动词例：
He has run himself out of breath．
跑气接气
It’s healthy to breathe deeply in the morning
早做深呼吸身体益
breath常短语：take a deep breath 深呼吸out of breath气接气
9 ourselves
ourselves反身代词意表示某代词反身代词身代词反身代词句子中作宾语表语位语需注意反身代词指代名词代词称性数保持致
反身代词构成：
第称第二称形容词性物代词＋selfselves例：myself（）ourselves（）yourself（）yourselves（）
第三称宾格代词＋selfselves单数形式加self复数形式加selves例：himself（）herself（）itself（）themselves（）
注意：单数称反身代词加self复数称反身代词加selves
常短语：
by oneself 某独
enjoy oneself＝have a good time 玩开心
teach oneself 学
help oneself to… 便吃喝……
dress oneself 穿衣服
hurt oneself 伤
练练：
I 英汉词组互译
1 have a cold _________ 2 量体温_________
3 to one’s surprise_________ 4 意做某事_________
5 be used to doing sth ________ 6 医生________
7 run out of_______ 8 车________
9 thanks to ________ 10 时________
II 根汉语首字母提示补全句子
1 Do you______ (介意) if I open the window？
2．Be carefulnot to _______(受伤) yourself．
3．Tom is in a difficult s_______．
4．I have made a d_______ about my study goal for the new term．
5．We should look after o_______ when we are alone at home．
6．If you have a feveryou s_______ lie down and rest．
7．I have a _______（牙疼）so I want to see a dentist(牙医)．
8．They retire(退休) and have a lot of f_______ time．
III 括号中单词适形式填空
1．It’s hard to make a _______(decide) now．
2．Is she used to _______(walk) after supper
3．The _______(die) of her lovely cat makes her sad．
4．As time goes bywe can realize the _______(important) of love．
5．_______ he _______(have) a sore back
6．He should _______(have) some hot water．
7．Look A dog _______(lie) at the door．
8．We are _______(surprise) at the news．
9．He kept on _______(work) though his leg hurt．
10．No one can be successful _______(with) hard work．
参考答案
I 英汉词组互译
1感 2take one’s temperature
3某吃惊 4agree to do sth
5惯做…… 6go to see a doctor
7耗 8get off
9 亏 10 in time
II 根汉语首字母提示补全句子
1mind 2hurt 3 situation 4 decision
5 ourselves 6 should 7 toothache 8 free
III括号中单词适形式填空
1 decision 2walking 3 death
4importance 5 Doeshave
6 have 7 is lying 8surprised
9 working 10 without
句型精讲
1 What’s the matter？
What’s the matterWhat’s wrong询问方出什毛病问题意？医生询问病病情时常语例：
— What’s the matter ？
—I have a stomachache 胃疼
—What’s wrong Tom Tom？
—I don’t feel very well 感觉太舒服
拓展
What’s the matterWhat’s wrong接with sb sthWhat’s the matter with sb sthWhat’s wrong with sbsth意某某物？例：
What’s the matter with you What’s wrong with you ？
—What’s wrong What’s the matter with your leg 腿？ —Nothing 没什
注意：matter名词前加定冠词thewrong形容词前面需加冠词说What’s your wrong What’s your matter
2 —What should she do？
—She should take her temperature
should作情态动词意应应该表示义务责种称称数变化单独作谓语动词起构成谓语表示说话语气情态否定形式should not缩写shouldn’t法：
(1) 表示责义务意应该例：
You should take your teacher’s advice 应该听老师建议
You shouldn’t be late for class 应该课迟
(2) 表示推断意该例：
The train should have already left 火车已离开
3 But to his surprisethey all agreed to go with him
（1） surprise作动词时意……惊奇……感意外吃惊例：
What surprised you 什事感意外？
（2） surprise作数名词时表示惊奇惊异例：
Her face showed surprise at the news
听消息脸露出惊奇表情
（3）surprise作数名词时表示惊奇惊讶意外事吃惊事例：
He gave me a surprise by arriving early
早感意外
（4）作名词时常构成短语：
to one’s surprise意某吃惊……
in surprise意吃惊 例：
To my surprise he passed the exam
吃惊竟然通考试
He looked at me in surprise 吃惊着
4 He was not ready to die that day
（1）ready 作形容词意准备例：
Is everything ready 切准备？
Are you ready 准备？
（2）beget ready to + 动词原形意准备做……例：
I’m getting ready to travel 正准备旅行
拓展
be ready for意准备……接名词动名词义短语get ready for例：
I’m ready for bed 正准备睡觉
The chicken will soon be ready for the pot
鸡肉快准备锅
5 Aron loves mountain climbing and doesn’t mind taking risks
mind作物动词意介意料留神注意常疑问句否定句条件句中面接名词代词动词ing形式句例：
Would you mind opening the window 介意开窗户？
Don’t mind me
拓展mind作名词意智力头脑想法意见例：
He has quick mind 头脑敏锐
Tom changed his mind at last Tom改变意
练练：
I 括号中求改写句子
1 We had a good time in the park yesterday (义句转换)
We ______ ______ in the park yesterday
2 Sleeping eight hours a night is very important (义句转换)
______ very important ______ ______ eight hours a night
3 It’s important that we should eat a balanced diet (义句转换)
It’s important ______ ______ ______ ______ a balanced diet
4 What’s the matter with you (义句转换)
What’s ______ ______ you
5 I think I have a cold (改否定句)
I ______ ______ I ______ a cold
6 She has a toothache (划线部分提问)
______ the ______ ______ her
7 My head hurts (义句转换)
I ______ a ______
8 There is a tall building in front of my house (义句转换)
A tall building ______ in front of my house
9 He need not return the book three days ago (义句转换)
He ______ ______ ______ return the book three days ago
10 I hope to buy a present for my mother with my own money (义句转换)
I hope ______ I ______ ______ a present for my mother with my own money
II根汉语提示完成列句子
1 — 手表？
— 走
— ______ ______ _____ your watch
— It’s doesn’t work
2 吃蔬菜水果说必
It’s necessary ______ us ______ ______ more fruit and vegetables
3 男孩喜欢英语说话
The boy ______ ______ ______ others in English
4 — ？
— 牙疼
— ______ ______ ______
— I have a ______
5 气色请躺休息吧
You don’t look ______ Please ______ ______ and have a rest
6 应该帮助母亲做家务
You ______ ______ your mother ______ the housework
7 介意调低音乐？
Would you ______ _____ ______the music
8 学生运动会做准备
All the students _____ _____ _____ _____the sports meeting
III 补全话
Choose the best choice from A to F to finish the dialogue You have one more answer Each choice should be used only once
A Hi Peter I see you wearing a pair of glasses But you didn’t wear it before did you
B (1) But I’m afraid I have to wear it now
A (2)
B Because I get screen sightedness（视症）and (3)
A (4) What happened
B My doctor said that I watched movies or played games on my iPad quite a lot
I suggest you not to do that like me
A (5) Peter
B You’re welcome
1 2 3 4 5
参考答案
I 括号中求改写句子
1 enjoyed ourselves 2 It’s to sleep
3 for us to eat 4 wrong with 5 don’t think have
6 What’s matter with 7 have headache
8 lies 9 didn’t need to 10 that can buy
II根汉语提示完成列句子
1 What’s wrong with 2 for to eat
3 enjoyslikes talking withto
4 What’s the matter toothache
5 well lie down 6 should help withdo
7mind turning down 8 are getting ready for
III 补全话
1—5 CAFBD
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词汇精讲
1 have a cold
have a cold动词短语意患感伤风说成catch a coldget a coldtake a cold中have表示患病病进行时态段时间连表示状态catchget a cold表示瞬时动作段时间连例：
I have had a cold for three days 感三天
句表达：
I hadcaughtgot a cold three days ago
拓展
表示体某部位痛时种结构：
（1）have a + 身体部位名词加ache构成例：
have a headache 头痛
have a toothache 牙痛
have a stomachache胃痛
（2）have a sore + 身体部位名词例：
have a sore throat 喉咙痛
have a sore arm 胳膊痛
have a sore foot 脚痛
（3）身体部位 + hurtache例：
My eyes hurt 眼睛痛
My legs ache 腿疼
（4）have a pain in on + the + 身体部位例：
I have a pain in the arm 胳膊痛
（5）There is something wrong with + one’s + 身体部位例：
There is something wrong with your eyes 眼睛毛病
2 rest
（1）rest作物动词意休息作物动词意休息例：
You should rest your eyes after a lot of reading
量阅读应该休息眼睛
I’m tired and I want to rest 累想休息
（2）rest作名词常搭配have a rest表示休息例：
You have a coldand should have a rest
感应该休息
3 break
（1）break作物意弄碎破碎break式broke分词broken例：Glass is easily broken 玻璃容易破碎
（2）break作物动词意弄碎弄断例：
Li Ming broke his left leg last night 昨晚李明摔断左腿
（3）break作物动词意遵守例：
As a student you shouldn’t break school rules
作学生该违反学校规
拓展
(1) break down 意(机器)坏例：
We are sorry to arrive late because the car broke down
抱歉晚车抛锚
（2）break into 表示破门入例：
I caught two men trying to break into the office 瞧见两想闯入办公室
(3）break out 表示（战争瘟疫火灾等）爆发例：
World War II broke out in September 1939 第二次世界战爆发1939年9月
4 hurt
（1）hurt作物动词意受伤弄痛分词式hurt例：
He hurt his right knee 伤右膝
I hope you haven’t hurt yourself 愿没受伤
(2) hurt 指肉体伤害指精神感情伤害例：
You hurt her feelings when you said she was fat
说胖伤害感情
I don’t mean to hurt you 非意伤害
（3）hurt作物动词意疼痛例：
My feet hurt when I walk 走路时脚疼
I caught a cold and my head hurt 感头痛
5 free
free作物动词意例：
Can you free me for half an hour？ 时？
拓展
（1）free作形容词表示空闲例：
You are free to ask questions 请便问
Are you free tomorrow？空？
（2）free作免费例：
Are the drinks free 饮料免费
The books are given away free 书免费赠送
（3）free副词freely表示便等位动词前例：
You may speak freely 直言
He could write freely about it now 写事
6 mean
（1）mean作物动词表示算意味着接名词动词定式短语句例：
The red light means Stop 红灯表示停止
I mean to go shopping 意思购物
The sign means that the road is blocked 标志表示路通（2）mean名词形式meaning表示意思含义例：
What’s the meaning of the word？单词什意思？
（3）What do did you mean by 该句型意思……什意思 例：
What do you mean by acting like this 样做什意思
7 lie
lie动词意躺式分词分laylain现分词lying例：
I found he was lying on the ground 发现躺
拓展
(1) lie位意思例：
A temple lies on the top of the mountain 座寺庙位山顶
(2) lie作动词时意撒谎式分词规均liedlie作名词意谎言例：
Don’t lie to me撒谎
The boy told a lie to me 男孩撒谎
(3)英语中部分ie结尾动词ing形式必须改iey加ing例：
die → dying tie → tying lie → lying
8 breathe
breathe作物动词作物动词意呼吸例：
The old man is breathing hard位老呼吸困难
It’s good to breathe fresh air 呼吸新鲜空气处
拓展辨析breathebreath
两词表示呼吸意思词性breath 名词breathe 动词例：
He has run himself out of breath．
跑气接气
It’s healthy to breathe deeply in the morning
早做深呼吸身体益
breath常短语：take a deep breath 深呼吸out of breath气接气
9 ourselves
ourselves反身代词意表示某代词反身代词身代词反身代词句子中作宾语表语位语需注意反身代词指代名词代词称性数保持致
反身代词构成：
第称第二称形容词性物代词＋selfselves例：myself（）ourselves（）yourself（）yourselves（）
第三称宾格代词＋selfselves单数形式加self复数形式加selves例：himself（）herself（）itself（）themselves（）
注意：单数称反身代词加self复数称反身代词加selves
常短语：
by oneself 某独
enjoy oneself＝have a good time 玩开心
teach oneself 学
help oneself to… 便吃喝……
dress oneself 穿衣服
hurt oneself 伤
练练：
I 英汉词组互译
1 have a cold _________ 2 量体温_________
3 to one’s surprise_________ 4 意做某事_________
5 be used to doing sth ________ 6 医生________
7 run out of_______ 8 车________
9 thanks to ________ 10 时________
II 根汉语首字母提示补全句子
1 Do you______ (介意) if I open the window？
2．Be carefulnot to _______(受伤) yourself．
3．Tom is in a difficult s_______．
4．I have made a d_______ about my study goal for the new term．
5．We should look after o_______ when we are alone at home．
6．If you have a feveryou s_______ lie down and rest．
7．I have a _______（牙疼）so I want to see a dentist(牙医)．
8．They retire(退休) and have a lot of f_______ time．
III 括号中单词适形式填空
1．It’s hard to make a _______(decide) now．
2．Is she used to _______(walk) after supper
3．The _______(die) of her lovely cat makes her sad．
4．As time goes bywe can realize the _______(important) of love．
5．_______ he _______(have) a sore back
6．He should _______(have) some hot water．
7．Look A dog _______(lie) at the door．
8．We are _______(surprise) at the news．
9．He kept on _______(work) though his leg hurt．
10．No one can be successful _______(with) hard work．
参考答案
I 英汉词组互译
1感 2take one’s temperature
3某吃惊 4agree to do sth
5惯做…… 6go to see a doctor
7耗 8get off
9 亏 10 in time
II 根汉语首字母提示补全句子
1mind 2hurt 3 situation 4 decision
5 ourselves 6 should 7 toothache 8 free
III括号中单词适形式填空
1 decision 2walking 3 death
4importance 5 Doeshave
6 have 7 is lying 8surprised
9 working 10 without
句型精讲
1 What’s the matter？
What’s the matterWhat’s wrong询问方出什毛病问题意？医生询问病病情时常语例：
— What’s the matter ？
—I have a stomachache 胃疼
—What’s wrong Tom Tom？
—I don’t feel very well 感觉太舒服
拓展
What’s the matterWhat’s wrong接with sb sthWhat’s the matter with sb sthWhat’s wrong with sbsth意某某物？例：
What’s the matter with you What’s wrong with you ？
—What’s wrong What’s the matter with your leg 腿？ —Nothing 没什
注意：matter名词前加定冠词thewrong形容词前面需加冠词说What’s your wrong What’s your matter
2 —What should she do？
—She should take her temperature
should作情态动词意应应该表示义务责种称称数变化单独作谓语动词起构成谓语表示说话语气情态否定形式should not缩写shouldn’t法：
(1) 表示责义务意应该例：
You should take your teacher’s advice 应该听老师建议
You shouldn’t be late for class 应该课迟
(2) 表示推断意该例：
The train should have already left 火车已离开
3 But to his surprisethey all agreed to go with him
（1） surprise作动词时意……惊奇……感意外吃惊例：
What surprised you 什事感意外？
（2） surprise作数名词时表示惊奇惊异例：
Her face showed surprise at the news
听消息脸露出惊奇表情
（3）surprise作数名词时表示惊奇惊讶意外事吃惊事例：
He gave me a surprise by arriving early
早感意外
（4）作名词时常构成短语：
to one’s surprise意某吃惊……
in surprise意吃惊 例：
To my surprise he passed the exam
吃惊竟然通考试
He looked at me in surprise 吃惊着
4 He was not ready to die that day
（1）ready 作形容词意准备例：
Is everything ready 切准备？
Are you ready 准备？
（2）beget ready to + 动词原形意准备做……例：
I’m getting ready to travel 正准备旅行
拓展
be ready for意准备……接名词动名词义短语get ready for例：
I’m ready for bed 正准备睡觉
The chicken will soon be ready for the pot
鸡肉快准备锅
5 Aron loves mountain climbing and doesn’t mind taking risks
mind作物动词意介意料留神注意常疑问句否定句条件句中面接名词代词动词ing形式句例：
Would you mind opening the window 介意开窗户？
Don’t mind me
拓展mind作名词意智力头脑想法意见例：
He has quick mind 头脑敏锐
Tom changed his mind at last Tom改变意
练练：
I 括号中求改写句子
1 We had a good time in the park yesterday (义句转换)
We ______ ______ in the park yesterday
2 Sleeping eight hours a night is very important (义句转换)
______ very important ______ ______ eight hours a night
3 It’s important that we should eat a balanced diet (义句转换)
It’s important ______ ______ ______ ______ a balanced diet
4 What’s the matter with you (义句转换)
What’s ______ ______ you
5 I think I have a cold (改否定句)
I ______ ______ I ______ a cold
6 She has a toothache (划线部分提问)
______ the ______ ______ her
7 My head hurts (义句转换)
I ______ a ______
8 There is a tall building in front of my house (义句转换)
A tall building ______ in front of my house
9 He need not return the book three days ago (义句转换)
He ______ ______ ______ return the book three days ago
10 I hope to buy a present for my mother with my own money (义句转换)
I hope ______ I ______ ______ a present for my mother with my own money
II根汉语提示完成列句子
1 — 手表？
— 走
— ______ ______ _____ your watch
— It’s doesn’t work
2 吃蔬菜水果说必
It’s necessary ______ us ______ ______ more fruit and vegetables
3 男孩喜欢英语说话
The boy ______ ______ ______ others in English
4 — ？
— 牙疼
— ______ ______ ______
— I have a ______
5 气色请躺休息吧
You don’t look ______ Please ______ ______ and have a rest
6 应该帮助母亲做家务
You ______ ______ your mother ______ the housework
7 介意调低音乐？
Would you ______ _____ ______the music
8 学生运动会做准备
All the students _____ _____ _____ _____the sports meeting
III 补全话
Choose the best choice from A to F to finish the dialogue You have one more answer Each choice should be used only once
A Hi Peter I see you wearing a pair of glasses But you didn’t wear it before did you
B (1) But I’m afraid I have to wear it now
A (2)
B Because I get screen sightedness（视症）and (3)
A (4) What happened
B My doctor said that I watched movies or played games on my iPad quite a lot
I suggest you not to do that like me
A (5) Peter
B You’re welcome
1 2 3 4 5
参考答案
I 括号中求改写句子
1 enjoyed ourselves 2 It’s to sleep
3 for us to eat 4 wrong with 5 don’t think have
6 What’s matter with 7 have headache
8 lies 9 didn’t need to 10 that can buy
II根汉语提示完成列句子
1 What’s wrong with 2 for to eat
3 enjoyslikes talking withto
4 What’s the matter toothache
5 well lie down 6 should help withdo
7mind turning down 8 are getting ready for
III 补全话
1—5 CAFBD
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