1

    Unit 1
    Basic parts of a sentence (1)

    GRAMMAR

    1 Subject and predicate
    A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought Every sentence has two basic
    parts a subject and a predicate The subject is the naming part of the sentence representing the
    person place or thing that performs the action of the verb or expressing the condition or state of
    the verb
    Subjects are nouns and other forms that can function as nouns such as pronouns clauses
    infinitives and gerunds A subject usually comes first in a sentence It is the topic about which the
    speaker or writer is speaking or writing For example
    1) My grandfather bought the car many years ago
    2) The car was bought many years ago by my grandfather
    The two sentences above are almost similar in meaning but they have different topics In
    sentence 1 the focus of the meaning is my grandfather whereas sentence 2 is mainly about
    the car In different contexts we have a different choice of the two sentences See if you can put
    a suitable one of the two sentences above into each space below

    In my garage there is an old car _______________ It is a Cadillac a very
    classical luxury car manufactured in 1966 The car has 65000 original miles on it
    but sitting in a damp garage for most of its life didn’t do many favors for it

    In my garage there is an old car It is my grandfather’s gift for my grandmother
    _____________ In order to buy this car my grandfather had been saving his money
    for quite a few years He worked as a truck driver for a local grocery chain and
    supported a big family on his salary Needless to say money was pretty hard to come
    by that time According to my grandmother at the end of the day he would come
    home and empty his space change into a jar beside the bed When the jar was full he
    would take it to the band

    Predicates are verbs A predicate is the doing or being part of the sentence expressing the
    action or state of being of the subject The predicate often coming after the subject is the
    semantic and grammatical center of a sentence
    I bought a house for my parents
    Some of the buried workers are still alive
    The babies grew nervous from the loud noise

    A verb is often made up of more than one word The verb that expresses the action or state of
    being of the subject is called main verb The word that accompany the main verb is called an 2

    auxiliary helping verb which helps the main verb express mood or time by forming various
    tenses
    George must be playing basketball with them now
    The thief has been caught in a deserted building

    Auxiliary helping verbs can not be used alone in a sentence It must go together with main
    verbs Correct the following sentences:
     Tomorrow will surely better
     Our campus will more and more beautiful
     When you opened the window the room would immediately bright

    Verb can be classified into two action verbs and linking verbs An action verb expresses an
    action such as do act make walk take break react write see say buy build and so on A
    linking verb linksjoins the subject of a sentence (often a noun or a pronoun) with a noun a
    pronoun or an adjective that identifies or describes the subject It does not show action but
    express the existence or state of being of the subject

    A noun a pronoun or an adjective that follows a linking verb is called a predictive which
    points back to the subject to rename it to identify it or to describe it further

    There are eleven linking verbs which are most frequently used We can briefly put them into
    three groups
    1) expressing judgment or change be get turn prove
    2) indicating five senses of humans look feel smell taste sound
    3) some others GRABS grow remain appear become seem

    Examples:
    For years her grandfather was one of the town leaders
    My coat seemed too large
    Pineapple sometimes tastes better with salt
    Most students feel disappointed with the result
    The time of his birth remains a mystery to us


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