初中英语期末必考八时态结构法详解
英语八时态：
般现时
标志：动词原形
1 表示常性惯性动作常表频度时间状语连：
She often speaks English
I leave home for school at 7 every morning
2 表示现状态特征职业力感觉等：
He seems to feel a bit down today
He works as a driver
3 表示真理客观存科学事实格言警句中：
Shanghai lies in the east of China
Columbus proved that the earth is round
Where there is a will there is a way
4 表示现瞬间动作：
Here comes the bus
5 表示
1) 表规定计划安排发生动作（仅限某表示动停开始结束继续等趋动词）表示未时间状语搭配常见法：飞机火车轮船汽车等定期定点运行交通状况：
The next train leaves at 3 o’clock this afternoon
How often does the shuttle bus run
2) 时间条件状语句中常般现时表示发生事情：
When Bill comes (will come) ask him to wait for me
I shall go there tomorrow unless I’m too busy
二般时
标志：动词式
*闭音节：元音字母a e i o u果发字母音称开音节否称闭音节
1 表示某时发生动作存状态常表示时间状语连（eg yesterday this morning just now a moment ago in May last night year week once upon a time the other day before … when … in the past等）：
Jim rang you just now
Liu Ying was in America last year
2 表示常反复发生动作特used to do表达句型身表示常常：
When I was a kid I often played football in the street
She used to visit her mother once a week
*注意区分sb used to do sth（某常常做某事处to动词定式标志符号）sb be used to sthdoing sth（某惯某物做某事处to介词）
3 代般现时表示种婉转客气礼貌商量语气法仅适少数动词（want hope wonder think intend等）情态动词could would：
I wondered if you could have a word with me
I hoped you could help me with my English
Would you mind my sitting here
4 虚拟语气中般时表示现时间动作状态常句型：
It is time that sb did sth 某该做某事
would rather sb did sth 宁愿某做某事
三般时
标志：will shall + 动词原形
1 表示发生动作存状态通常表示时间状语连（eg tomorrow next week in the future等）：
We shall have a lot of rain next month
My husband will come back in a few days
2 表示倾性惯性：
Fish will die without water
When it gets warmer the snow will start to melt
3 般时种句式结构辨析：
1) will shall + 动词原形
表达观愿必定会发生事情（会）
*shall作助动词时般第称
2) be going to + 动词原形
表示发生算做事：
It is going to rain
We are going to have a meeting today
3) be to + 动词原形
表示计划安排发生动作：
He is to visit Japan next year
We are to discuss the report on Monday
4) be about to + 动词原形
表示发生动作意马做某事面般时间状语：
The plane is about to start
Don’t worry I am about to make a close examination on you
四现进行时
标志：be + 动词现分词
1 表示说话时正进行动作：
She is writing a letter upstairs
Who are you waiting for
It is raining hard
2 表示现阶段直进行动作（说话时动作未必正进行）：
I hear Mr Green is writing another novel
3 表示反复出现惯性动作包含说话者赞扬责备厌恶等情绪通常always constantly continually forever等频度副词连：
John is forever asking silly questions like a stupid
He is always thinking of others first
4 表示
1) 表示计划安排发生动作仅适部分趋动词（go come leave start arrive等）：
Uncle Wang is coming
They＇re leaving for Beijing
2) 时间条件状语句中现进行时表示某时正发生事情：
Please drop in when you are passing my way
If he is still sleeping don’t wake him up
五进行时
标志：was were + 动词现分词
1 表示某时刻段时间正进行动作进行时中常时间状语the whole morning all day yesterday from January to March last year等：
I was having a talk with Lucy at that time
They were watching TV at home last night
2 表示反复出现惯性动作包含说话者赞扬责备厌恶等情绪通常always constantly continually forever等频度副词连：
My brother was always losing his keys
3 表示计划安排某时刻发生动作仅适部分趋动词（go come leave start arrive等）：
He said they were leaving for Beijing this afternoon
4 进行时法描述件事情发生背景（长动作延续时候短动作发生）：
Granny fell asleep when she was reading
It was raining when they left the station
六现完成时
标志：have has + 动词分词
1 表示发生已完成动作现产生影响结果强调现状况（表示已完成）：
He has left the city （结果：目前城市）
Someone has broken the window （结果：窗户破）
2 表示动作开始持续现会继续持续（表示未完成）
I have been busy since last week
He has taught in our school for 30 years
I’ve finished half so far
注意 瞬间动词通常现完成时表持续性否定结构：
She hasn’t seen you for ages
His father hasn’t touched beer for a whole week
3 表示现止反复发生动作次出现状态常表示频度副词always often every day等连：
I have often heard that he is the cleverest person in that company
4 时间条件状语句中现完成时表示某时完成动作：
I’ll go to your home when I have finished my homework
If it has stopped snowing in the morning we’ll go the park
5 现完成时连常见词语
现完成时连词语just already yet before never ever recently等常见：
1) since
I have been there many times since the war
We haven’t seen each other since last week
We have been friends ever since
2) in for during the pastlast … years …中
I’ve been ill for the past three weeks
Great changes have take place in the last ten years
I have been here (for) the lastpast month
3) so far 目前止
We haven’t had any trouble so far
So far the search for the missing middleaged woman has been fruitless
4) up tountil now 现止
Up to now he’s been quiet
Up to now the work has been easy
I have heard nothing from him up till now
Up till now we have planted over 2000 trees
5) It iswill be the firstsecond … time that … 第二…次…
It’s the first time (that) I’ve been here
It will be the first time (that) I’ve spoken in public
It is the second time (that) I have met him today
6) This is + 形容词高级 + that … …
This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen
6 现完成时般时区
1) 现完成时强调现影响结果现联系
般时强调动作发生时间涉现影响：
I have seen this film （已部电影）
I saw this film yesterday （昨天部电影）
2) 现完成时常模糊时间状语连（for since so far ever never just yet tilluntil up to now always等）者干脆没时间状语
般时常具体时间状语连（yesterday last night …ago in 1980 in February等）
3) 现完成时表示持续时般延续性动词（live teach work know等）
般时常瞬间动词（begin buy die marry等）：
He has lived in Hangzhou since last spring
My grandfather bought the car five years ago
7 易错点辨析
1) 考生容易瞬间动词现完成时表达错误：
(×) He has died for two years 死两年
(√) He has been dead for two years
(√) He died two years ago
(×) The film has begun for 10 minutes 电影开演十分钟
(√) The film has been on for 10 minutes
(√) The film began 10 minutes ago
(×) She has married for three years 结婚三年
(√) She has been married for three years
(√) She married Mike three years ago
2) 考生懂区分have been tohave gone to两者均接点have been to表示某（现已回）have gone to表示某（现没回）：
She has been to Paris (three times)
She has gone to Paris
七完成时
标志：had + 动词分词
1 表示某时间动作前已发生动作已存状态：
By the end of last week he had finished the work
He had left when I arrived
2 表示某时间开始直延续时间动作状态：
We had not seen each other since I left Beijing
The film had been on for 5 minutes when I got to the cinema
3 某表意动词（intend think plan expect hope等）完成时表示语未实现愿希算：
I had intended to visit you last night but someone called and I couldn’t get away
We had hoped that you would come but you didn’t
4 （虚拟语气）条件状体句wish would rather等面句中完成时表示事实相反观愿：
The party wouldn’t have been so perfect if you hadn’t come
I wish I had gone with you to the concert that day
5 完成时般时
1) 基区：完成时表示某时间起点前发生动作存状态完成时强调般时表示现时间起点前发生事情存状态：
He studied there two years ago两年前学（离现两年）
He said he had studied there two years before说两年前学（离说话时两年）
2) 特注意：两动作果序发生强调先者then and but等连词连接时般时：
When she saw the mouse she screamed
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it
八时
标志：would + 动词原形
1 表示某时间发生动作存状态般句时宾语句中：
He said he would come here next Friday
I knew that he would help us when we were in trouble
2 表示动作惯倾：
The old man would sit on a bench in the quite park for hours without doing anything
When I worked on that farm I would get up at 5 am
3 虚拟语气中：
If I were you I would not do that
If he were here he would show us how to do it
4 时形式
1) was were going to + 动词原形：
He told us that he was going to attend the meeting
She said that I was going to be sent to meet her at the railway station
2) was were to + 动词原形：
The building was to be completed next month
Li Lei was to arrive soon
3) was were about to + 动词原形：
We were about to leave there when it began to rain heavily and suddenly
He was about to have lunch when the bell rang
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英语八时态：
般现时
标志：动词原形
1 表示常性惯性动作常表频度时间状语连：
She often speaks English
I leave home for school at 7 every morning
2 表示现状态特征职业力感觉等：
He seems to feel a bit down today
He works as a driver
3 表示真理客观存科学事实格言警句中：
Shanghai lies in the east of China
Columbus proved that the earth is round
Where there is a will there is a way
4 表示现瞬间动作：
Here comes the bus
5 表示
1) 表规定计划安排发生动作（仅限某表示动停开始结束继续等趋动词）表示未时间状语搭配常见法：飞机火车轮船汽车等定期定点运行交通状况：
The next train leaves at 3 o’clock this afternoon
How often does the shuttle bus run
2) 时间条件状语句中常般现时表示发生事情：
When Bill comes (will come) ask him to wait for me
I shall go there tomorrow unless I’m too busy
二般时
标志：动词式
*闭音节：元音字母a e i o u果发字母音称开音节否称闭音节
1 表示某时发生动作存状态常表示时间状语连（eg yesterday this morning just now a moment ago in May last night year week once upon a time the other day before … when … in the past等）：
Jim rang you just now
Liu Ying was in America last year
2 表示常反复发生动作特used to do表达句型身表示常常：
When I was a kid I often played football in the street
She used to visit her mother once a week
*注意区分sb used to do sth（某常常做某事处to动词定式标志符号）sb be used to sthdoing sth（某惯某物做某事处to介词）
3 代般现时表示种婉转客气礼貌商量语气法仅适少数动词（want hope wonder think intend等）情态动词could would：
I wondered if you could have a word with me
I hoped you could help me with my English
Would you mind my sitting here
4 虚拟语气中般时表示现时间动作状态常句型：
It is time that sb did sth 某该做某事
would rather sb did sth 宁愿某做某事
三般时
标志：will shall + 动词原形
1 表示发生动作存状态通常表示时间状语连（eg tomorrow next week in the future等）：
We shall have a lot of rain next month
My husband will come back in a few days
2 表示倾性惯性：
Fish will die without water
When it gets warmer the snow will start to melt
3 般时种句式结构辨析：
1) will shall + 动词原形
表达观愿必定会发生事情（会）
*shall作助动词时般第称
2) be going to + 动词原形
表示发生算做事：
It is going to rain
We are going to have a meeting today
3) be to + 动词原形
表示计划安排发生动作：
He is to visit Japan next year
We are to discuss the report on Monday
4) be about to + 动词原形
表示发生动作意马做某事面般时间状语：
The plane is about to start
Don’t worry I am about to make a close examination on you
四现进行时
标志：be + 动词现分词
1 表示说话时正进行动作：
She is writing a letter upstairs
Who are you waiting for
It is raining hard
2 表示现阶段直进行动作（说话时动作未必正进行）：
I hear Mr Green is writing another novel
3 表示反复出现惯性动作包含说话者赞扬责备厌恶等情绪通常always constantly continually forever等频度副词连：
John is forever asking silly questions like a stupid
He is always thinking of others first
4 表示
1) 表示计划安排发生动作仅适部分趋动词（go come leave start arrive等）：
Uncle Wang is coming
They＇re leaving for Beijing
2) 时间条件状语句中现进行时表示某时正发生事情：
Please drop in when you are passing my way
If he is still sleeping don’t wake him up
五进行时
标志：was were + 动词现分词
1 表示某时刻段时间正进行动作进行时中常时间状语the whole morning all day yesterday from January to March last year等：
I was having a talk with Lucy at that time
They were watching TV at home last night
2 表示反复出现惯性动作包含说话者赞扬责备厌恶等情绪通常always constantly continually forever等频度副词连：
My brother was always losing his keys
3 表示计划安排某时刻发生动作仅适部分趋动词（go come leave start arrive等）：
He said they were leaving for Beijing this afternoon
4 进行时法描述件事情发生背景（长动作延续时候短动作发生）：
Granny fell asleep when she was reading
It was raining when they left the station
六现完成时
标志：have has + 动词分词
1 表示发生已完成动作现产生影响结果强调现状况（表示已完成）：
He has left the city （结果：目前城市）
Someone has broken the window （结果：窗户破）
2 表示动作开始持续现会继续持续（表示未完成）
I have been busy since last week
He has taught in our school for 30 years
I’ve finished half so far
注意 瞬间动词通常现完成时表持续性否定结构：
She hasn’t seen you for ages
His father hasn’t touched beer for a whole week
3 表示现止反复发生动作次出现状态常表示频度副词always often every day等连：
I have often heard that he is the cleverest person in that company
4 时间条件状语句中现完成时表示某时完成动作：
I’ll go to your home when I have finished my homework
If it has stopped snowing in the morning we’ll go the park
5 现完成时连常见词语
现完成时连词语just already yet before never ever recently等常见：
1) since
I have been there many times since the war
We haven’t seen each other since last week
We have been friends ever since
2) in for during the pastlast … years …中
I’ve been ill for the past three weeks
Great changes have take place in the last ten years
I have been here (for) the lastpast month
3) so far 目前止
We haven’t had any trouble so far
So far the search for the missing middleaged woman has been fruitless
4) up tountil now 现止
Up to now he’s been quiet
Up to now the work has been easy
I have heard nothing from him up till now
Up till now we have planted over 2000 trees
5) It iswill be the firstsecond … time that … 第二…次…
It’s the first time (that) I’ve been here
It will be the first time (that) I’ve spoken in public
It is the second time (that) I have met him today
6) This is + 形容词高级 + that … …
This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen
6 现完成时般时区
1) 现完成时强调现影响结果现联系
般时强调动作发生时间涉现影响：
I have seen this film （已部电影）
I saw this film yesterday （昨天部电影）
2) 现完成时常模糊时间状语连（for since so far ever never just yet tilluntil up to now always等）者干脆没时间状语
般时常具体时间状语连（yesterday last night …ago in 1980 in February等）
3) 现完成时表示持续时般延续性动词（live teach work know等）
般时常瞬间动词（begin buy die marry等）：
He has lived in Hangzhou since last spring
My grandfather bought the car five years ago
7 易错点辨析
1) 考生容易瞬间动词现完成时表达错误：
(×) He has died for two years 死两年
(√) He has been dead for two years
(√) He died two years ago
(×) The film has begun for 10 minutes 电影开演十分钟
(√) The film has been on for 10 minutes
(√) The film began 10 minutes ago
(×) She has married for three years 结婚三年
(√) She has been married for three years
(√) She married Mike three years ago
2) 考生懂区分have been tohave gone to两者均接点have been to表示某（现已回）have gone to表示某（现没回）：
She has been to Paris (three times)
She has gone to Paris
七完成时
标志：had + 动词分词
1 表示某时间动作前已发生动作已存状态：
By the end of last week he had finished the work
He had left when I arrived
2 表示某时间开始直延续时间动作状态：
We had not seen each other since I left Beijing
The film had been on for 5 minutes when I got to the cinema
3 某表意动词（intend think plan expect hope等）完成时表示语未实现愿希算：
I had intended to visit you last night but someone called and I couldn’t get away
We had hoped that you would come but you didn’t
4 （虚拟语气）条件状体句wish would rather等面句中完成时表示事实相反观愿：
The party wouldn’t have been so perfect if you hadn’t come
I wish I had gone with you to the concert that day
5 完成时般时
1) 基区：完成时表示某时间起点前发生动作存状态完成时强调般时表示现时间起点前发生事情存状态：
He studied there two years ago两年前学（离现两年）
He said he had studied there two years before说两年前学（离说话时两年）
2) 特注意：两动作果序发生强调先者then and but等连词连接时般时：
When she saw the mouse she screamed
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it
八时
标志：would + 动词原形
1 表示某时间发生动作存状态般句时宾语句中：
He said he would come here next Friday
I knew that he would help us when we were in trouble
2 表示动作惯倾：
The old man would sit on a bench in the quite park for hours without doing anything
When I worked on that farm I would get up at 5 am
3 虚拟语气中：
If I were you I would not do that
If he were here he would show us how to do it
4 时形式
1) was were going to + 动词原形：
He told us that he was going to attend the meeting
She said that I was going to be sent to meet her at the railway station
2) was were to + 动词原形：
The building was to be completed next month
Li Lei was to arrive soon
3) was were about to + 动词原形：
We were about to leave there when it began to rain heavily and suddenly
He was about to have lunch when the bell rang
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《香当网》用户分享的内容，不代表《香当网》观点或立场，请自行判断内容的真实性和可靠性！
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