高考英语阅读技巧大解密

高考英语阅读理解特征技揭秘
NMET 阅读理解部分求考生够读懂较熟悉日常生活话题方面简短文字材料例公告说明广告书报杂志中般性话题短文材料该部分英语知识运考察全卷篇幅容计分高区分度明显种题型考生必全面掌握特点掌握定应试技巧结合高考阅读理解特征谈谈相关英语阅读技
高考英语阅读理解命题原思路揭秘
命题原：
1 阅读总量少2000单词篇数少四篇
2 题材量样化包括日常生活传说物社会文化史科技政治
济等
3 体裁量避免单化应包括记叙文描写文说明文议文应文等
命题思路：
　　１．选篇：坚持样化原记叙文说明文应文议文占定例
容强调贴生活原重视实性代阅读教学流越越受思想中关超越
语言身观点做法影响说阅读力必须涉解决现实生活问题
十分重素
２．语言：够体现代英语特点词浅显简练生动活泼语句富变化
效避免冗长沉重常词深层引申意义处理较恰限教材原义涉生僻法
３．语篇逻辑：起推敲学生阅读智水相吻合
二阅读理解考查容形式揭秘
考试纲阅读理解求：
1．掌握读文章旨意说明旨意事实细节
2．理解具体事实理解抽象概念
3．理解字面意思理解根字面意思推断出没明确说出深沉含义包括作者态度意图等
4．理解某句某段意义理解全篇逻辑关系进行推理判断
5．根文章提供信息理解结合中学生应常识理解
阅读理解考查形式四类：
1．细节理解题求考生阅读材料中某具体事实细节进行理解题型
常见命题方式：事实认定题排序题图形辨认题数字运算题等
2．推理判断题类题考查学生根文章字面意思通语篇逻辑关系研究细节暗示推敲作者态度理解文章寓意等推理判断题属观性较强高层次阅读理解题
3．旨意题该类题考察学生读材料中心思想概括考察形式概括标题题中心思想等
4．词义猜测题 求考生根定文猜测生词词义
三2008年英语高考阅读理解形式特点揭秘
2008年全国高考16套试题阅读理解设置基年样：5篇阅读理解20题2000词左右江西2008年第次命题阅读理解题考察形式年高考阅读理解题考察形式致
省教育厅新消息2006年江西英语高考然命题题型考察形式2008年样
四2008年英语高考阅读理解容特点揭秘
2008年全国高考16套试题阅读理解题材然体现源实际生活紧贴时代反映英美文化等特点容涉物动物事新闻教育广告哲理生态环保科普史节日社会卫生等方面
2008年全国高考16套试题阅读理解体裁分叙述文说明文应文议文四种整体80篇阅读文章中叙述文39篇（占4875）说明文19篇（占2375）议文应文11篇（占1375）样叙述文说明文例议文应文然局部偏性面2008年全国高考部分区试题阅读理解体裁题材列表供参考
体裁题材 篇目
试题出处
A
B
C
D
E
全国卷III
叙述文宠物
叙述文新闻
应文广告
叙述文家庭生活
叙述文哲理
全国卷III
叙述文事
叙述文文化
叙述文新闻
叙述文生态
议文哲理
江西卷
叙述文事
议文哲理
应文广告
说明文科普
议文教育
山东卷
叙述文教育
叙述文新闻
叙述文新闻
应文广告
说明文科普
湖南卷
叙述文事
叙述文教育
叙述文物
应文费
说明文科普
辽宁卷
说明文科普
叙述文物
应文广告
议文社会
说明文体育
重庆卷
叙述文事
应文广告
说明文教育
议文哲理
议文哲理
题型方面2008年阅读理解命题基然纳传统旨意题词义猜测题推理判断题细节理解题整体细节理解题约占46推理判断题约占36旨意题占10词义猜测题约占8
面年全国高考阅读理解题题型致列出供参考
题型
数
试题出处
细节理解
推理判断
旨意
词义猜测
全国卷III
9
8
2
1
全国卷III
11
6
2
1
北京卷
10
7
1
2
海卷
4
8
6
2
江西卷
8
8
2
2
江苏卷
9
7
2
2
广东卷
9
7
1
3
湖南卷
11
6
1
2

湖北卷
11
6
1
2
辽宁卷
11
8
1

福建卷
8
7
3
2
安徽卷
7
10
2
1
天津卷
11
6
2
1
山东卷
11
7
1
1
浙江卷
7
8
3
2
重庆卷
9
7
2
2
合计
146
116
32
26

五英语高考阅读理解答题技揭秘
I 技点揭秘 细节理解题解题技
2008年高考阅读理解中细节理解类题型考查年样然占较例全国省市均题型考察例外
细节理解题求考生阅读材料中某具体事实细节进行理解根文章中具体信息事实例证原程述等进行提问问题文章中直接找答案需理解基础关容系统化找计算排序非判断图形较等
常见命题方式通常：
1特殊疑问句形式when where what which who how muchmany等疑问词开头引出问题
2 非题形式true false not true falseEXCEPT
3 According to… 开头提问方式
4 填空题形式：
（1）To avoid attracting mountain lions people are advised
（2）By the first sentence of the passage author means that
（3）It seems that now a country’s economy depends much on
（4）If you are interested in knowing about what people’s life will be you may visit
（5）The policemen were told to look the other way (the underlined part in Paragraph 2) so that
（6）The policeman who said Good evening to Rolls wanted to 等等
5 文中数字排序识图等提问
做细节理解题时数学生易出现问题阅读速度太慢缺乏定快速阅读技巧考生培养快速获取信息力解答类试题时必通篇细原文常常采取 带着问题找答案方法．先问题中抓住关键性词语然线索快速辨认记忆事实细节恰运略读查读技巧快速文章中寻找问题相关段落语句．仔细品味较．确定答案运扫读法(scanning)外兼排法．细节细节相反选项排
解细节题干扰选项特点助考生提高答题正确率般情况干扰项特点：（1）原文信息题目求容（2）符合常识文章容（3）原文容极相似程度变动（4）意思原文相径庭甚完全相反（5）部分正确部分错误
高考没瞬间幅度提分？
请先面例子辽宁卷2010年真题第36题完形填空题 列出四选项试试较选项否够3秒选出正确答案
36 A worried B sad C surprised D nervous
正确答案C ABD状态倾词C中性词表述态度致者答案果知道秘诀解决类似完型填空题
辽宁卷2010年完形填空真题第52题
52 A Largely B Generally C Gradually D Probably
正确答案C ABD含义肯定副词排表述明确选项答案水落石出 果知道秘诀更解决类似完型填空题 试想知道全部36完形秘诀您分数会样呢
请面例子辽宁卷2010年真题阅读理解题第56题写出题干四选项试试较选项否够5秒选出正确答案
56 From Paragragh 1 we learn that the villagers
Aworked very hard for centuries
Bdreamed of having a better life
Cwere poor but somewhat content
Dlived a different life from their forefathers
正确答案C 选项中表述容前相互矛盾答案 思路简单果掌握中秘诀抛开文章快选出正确答案 掌握类瞬间解题秘诀仅缩短答题时间保障100准确率
考试中总会遇吃准选项题称会做难题果遇难题会办？放弃？着猜出答案瞎猜？果瞎猜正确率仅25想知低猜高准确率呢？果告诉N秘诀做难题时猜出答案准确率25提高95甚100愿意继续
35 A eat up B deal with C throw away D send out
35题BC模棱两处底选 然选范围包括选B
举例子假2010年辽宁卷高考英语完形填空47题知选 办？
As I found out there is 46 often no perfect equivalence(应)between two 47 in two languages My aunt even goes so far as to 48 that a Chinese equivalent can never give you the 49 meaning of a word in English
47 A words B names C ideas D characters
简单选A勿须犹豫什？复现法
吴军英语高分密码会告诉具体原更解决难题秘诀非常简单直接请记住遇难题猜答案猜理切勿盲目猜
  The moment he was about to 47 the hospital he saw on the desk the 48 new book just as he had left it one 49 ago
  48 A much B still C hardly D quite
简单选B什？答案高频词汇倾纳笑逐颜开
高频形容词 ＼ 副词 suddenly even finally first last again also however though although yet instead even though but still等
单项选择 13条典实战技巧助避开语法干扰轻松高分
完型填空 11重特点10种判断技巧彻底解决错错串发挥稳定两难题
阅读理解 9点9种提高方法轻松解决 做题慢准确率低等难题
短文改错 6应试策略6提高方法分探囊取物
书面表达 黄金写作模型精辟独讲解写出阅卷老师挑剔高分作文

细节理解题直接辨认求读者客观事实作出解释判断求阅读材料中直接获取信息时求读者记住重细节必时候（做判断推断结时候）够准确迅速回忆起解类题求考生快速抓住原文中关键信息直接出答案注意答案原文中语句非模样词语句型结构表达相意思细节理解题需通关词语句子转换利事实图表图形获取信息然利果类时间空间等关系零碎细节系列加工整理方做出正确判断．类试题高考中占数
值提时原文中信息短语甚单词需阅读中特仔细捕捉真正信息
细节理解题致种常考题型：
1．描写类细节题
描写类细节题常常考察考生文中关物动作思想感情心理活动观点事件起发展程结果等方面理解类描写信息较直接般太需考生进行较深入理解该类题考生般较直接原文中找题目应关信息
例题：（2008年全国高考—海卷A篇）
You either have it or you don’t—a sense of direction that is But why is it that some people could find their way across the Sahara without a map while others can lose themselves in the next street
Scientists say we’re all born with a sense of direction but it is not properly understood how it works One theory is that people with a good sense of direction have simply worked harder at developing it Research being carried out at Liverpool University supports this idea and suggests that if we don’t use is we lose it
Children as young as seven have the ability to find their way around says Jim Martland Research Director of the project However if they are not allowed out alone or are taken everywhere by car they never develop the skills
Jim Martland also emphasizes that young people should be taught certain skills to improve their sense of direction He makes the following suggestions
●If you are using a map turn it so it relates to the way you are facing
●If you leave your bike in a strange place put it near something like a big stone or a tree Note landmarks on the route as you go away from your bike When you return go back along the same route
●Simplify the way of finding your direction by using lines such as streets in a town streams or walls in the countryside to guide you Count your steps so that you know how far you have gone and note any landmarks such as tower blocks or hills which can help to find out where you are
Now you need never get lost again
65 Scientists believe that_______
A some babies are born with a sense of direction
B people learn a sense of direction as they grow older
C people never lose their sense of direction
D everybody possesses a sense of direction from birth
66 What is true of sevenyearold children according to the passage
A They never have a sense of direction without maps
B They should never be allowed out alone if they lack a sense of direction
C They have a sense of direction and can find their way around
D They can develop a good sense of direction if they are driven around in a car
68 According to the passage the best way to find your way around is to ________
A ask policemen for directions
B use walls streams and streets to guide yourself
C remember your route by looking out for steps and stairs
D count the number of landmarks that you see
答案解析：65选D根第二段首句知：科学家认生方感
66选C根第三段首句知七岁孩具备辨方力
68选B根Jim Martland第三条建议中… by using lines such as streets in a town streams or walls in the countryside to guide you出答案
2．数计算题
类试题般求考生根阅读材料中出关数找出计算关系通计算出正确结类计算般说较简单关键弄清数间逻辑关系选准较数弄清单位换算关系确定计算方法问题便迎刃解数较项目复杂时间空间跨度较短文通常采列表法定规律数分门类列出化模糊清晰计算基础相太复杂数采推算法关数基准进行简单运算出
例题：（2008年全国高考—安徽卷D篇）
…
Tuition Fees (学费)
Tuition fees are different from department to department generally from 5000 to 6000 a year For further information tui @ waikato．ac．nz
Accommodation (住宿)
You can have a room in a 4bedroom flat which will cost about 100 a month with other regular living costs of about 150 a month for one person For further information acc@ waikato．ac．nz
…
69 You have to pay at least ______ a year if you study at the University of Waikato
A 5250 B 8000 C 9000 D 11000
答案解析：选B篇介绍新西兰Waikato学广告Tuition Fees (学费)：Tuition fees are different from department to department．generally from5000 to6000 a year For further information：tui @waikatoacnz Accommodation(住宿)：You can have a room in a
4 bedroom fiat which will cost about100 a month with other regular living costs of about150 a month for one person For further information：acc @ waikato．ac．nz．知答案B5000(学费)+100(住宿费)x12(months)+150(生活费)x128000．
3．排序题
种试题求考生根事情发生先序句子间逻辑关系找出事件正确序做类试题时采首尾法定位法找出事件发展首尾迅速缩范围快速选出正确选项直接逐排法序排出正确选项
例题： （2008年全国高考—浙江卷D篇）
…
People can use a home computer to make their shopping lists Once at the store a shopper can use a preferred customer card to start a system (系统) that will organize the trip around the store If you＇re looking for toothpicks you type in the word or pick it from a list and a map will appear on the screen showing where you are and where you can find them
…
54 Which of the following is the correct order of shopping with the computerized shopping carts
a Start the system b Make a shopping list
c Find the things you want D Go to a selfcheckout stand
A abdc B bacd C acbd D bcad
答案解析：选B细节理解题段描述确定第件事Make a shopping list（列购物清单明确买什）件事Go to a selfcheckout stand（付款台（动）付钱）排A C然ab先序排选项D题结合购物常识进行快速判断
4．信息寻找题广告阅读题
信息寻找题般应文体中较常见体现查字典阅读广告公告演出海报车船航班时间表等中类阅读材料包含某方面信息非常全面满足种信息需求高考试题中常常某方面提问考生完全没必头尾仔细阅读材料中冗余效信息做类题时宜采题干定全法：先阅读题干然根问题求针性阅读相关部分快速寻找效信息
广告阅读理解题常考种题材广告属应文体严格说广告属快速寻找信息题广告着快速寻找信息题特点广告文体简洁明快省略量词语达篇幅信息目时具语言精练形象性鼓动性强良效果广告阅读题细节理解题关键正确理解广告容考生必须具备较强语言运力熟悉文化背景利种手段（：补全联想推测等）正确解读广告容通常运补全成分法联想推测法两种方法解读广告容做题方法样采题干定法
（1）补全成分法
省略名广告体阅读材料中量出现说广告阅读理解材料中数句子省略句应结合全文语境逻辑关系省略句补全更加准确理解：Driver wanted 根文义该句补充：A driver will be wanted (招聘名司机)
（2）联想推测法
广告时间日期点电话票价等缩略词甚概没提需考生前连贯充分想象整体理解搜寻已知信息推断语篇意义
节省篇幅特商业广告中常缩写词缩写太规范常常见缩写词：
Tel telephone number
Ph phone Add (r) address
co company LtdLimited
Maxmaximum Minminimum
hrhour ttime
figfigure ftfoot
mlmile dozdozen
MtMountain Ppage
prof professor Dr doctor
ssouth nnorth
wwest StaStation
poppopular vsversus
XmasChristmas infoinformation
VIPvery important persons hrshours
aftafter adadvertisement
ptpart time expexperienced
PCpersonal computer MAMaster of Arts
BS degreebachelor＇s degree (学士学位)

例题： （2008年全国卷III C篇）
Welcome to Adventureland
Everyone loves Adventureland The Parks and Exhibitions were built for you to explore (探索) enjoy and admire their wonders Every visit will be an unforgettable experience You will go away enriched longing to come back What are you going to do this time
The Travel Pavilion
Explore places you have never been to before and experience different ways of life
Visit the Amazon jungle village the Turkish market the Tai floating market the Berber mountain house and others Talk to the people there who will tell you about their lives and things they make You can try making a carpet making nets fishing …
The Future Tower
This exhibition shows how progress will touch our lives It allows us to look into the future and explore the cities of the next century and the way we’ll be living then Spend some time in our space station climb into our simulator (模拟装置) for the Journey to Mars
The Nature Park
This is not really one park but several
In the Safari Park you can drive among African animals in one of our Range Cruisers see lions giraffes elephants in the wild Move on to the Ocean Park to watch the dolphins and whales And then there is still the Aviary to see…
The Pyramid
This is the center of Adventureland Run out of film need some postcards and stamps For all these things and many more visit our underground shopping centre Come here for information and ideas too
63 The Travel Pavilion is built to help visitors ________
A realize the importance of traveling
B become familiar with mountain countries
C learn how to make things such as fishing nets
D learn something about different places in the world
64 If you are interested in knowing about what people’s life will be you may visit _____________
A the Travel Pavilion B the Future Tower
C the Safari Park D the Pyramid
65 If you want to get a toy lion to take home where will you most likely go
A The Pyramid B The Nature Park
C The Future Tower D The Travel Pavilion
答案解析：63 选D运题干定法捕捉相关信息根The Travel Pavilion部分第句Explore places you have never been to before and experience different ways of life便知该活动助游客解世界风情
64 选B根The Future Tower 标题容梗概中特句It allows us to look into the future and explore the cities of the next century and the way we’ll be living then难发现该项够解未社会发展
65 选A题考察考生信息寻找力细节处理力根段第二句告诉The Pyramid提供游客必须品第三句暗示The Pyramid购买旅游纪念品理想场
5 图文转换题
类试题求根短文中描写找出相应图形根图形选出相应文字采文字锁定法找出描述图形句段文锁图迅速锁定相关图形图形标示法图形中标出相应容便做题
例题：（2004年全国高考—北京卷A篇）
The Home of My People

When Lewis and Clark stepped onto the Weippe Prairie in presentday Idaho in September 1808 they met the Nez Perce Indians In the following years the white explorers（探险者）began to fight with the Indians for their land Some Nez Perce chiefs signed agreements with the US government selling part of their lands But the government always broke those agreements and demanded more land
Other chiefs refused to go along with the government’s plans The most famous was Chief Joseph whose people lived in the Wallowa Valley（presentday Oregon）
In order to have all people understand how much land we owned he once explained my father planted poles around it and said Inside is the home of my people…It circled around the graves（坟墓）of our fathers and we will never give up these graves to any man ’
But in 1874 the US government declared the valley open for white settlement and ordered the Nez Perce onto a reservation（保留） Seeing that resistance was useless Chief Joseph agreed to move
Later fighting broke out between the Nez Perce and US soldiers Chief Joseph tried to lead his people to Canada winning several battles against the soldiers during their flight But finally he was forced to give in
56 Which historic site （on the map）lies in the south of today’s Nez Perce Reservation
A Buffalo Eddy B Dug Bar
C Joseph Canyon Viewpoint D Chief Looking Glass Camp
57 What can we learn about the Nez Perce lands from the map
A They were in the state of Oregon
B They have become a historic site
C They have become much smaller
D They were limited to the Wallowa Valley
答案解析：56 选D题考察学生图示理解力首先找标出现Nez Perce Reservation位置然找南历史景点（■标志）Chief Looking Glass Camp位Nez Perce Reservation（范围）南部
57 选C图中Nez Perce原先拥土（粗线范围）现Nez Perce保留区（阴影部分）
6．表格理解题
表格阅读题需正确理解表格中提供容懂行列分代表意义正确理解基础做出正确选择通常情况需表格项目进行较找准正确计算关系尤重表格具信息量特点信息题干关通篇阅读缺少针性浪费时间般采首读题干法策先读题目求带着问题表格里查找相关信息伪存真考查关数相互关系需数进行分析找出隐含规律时常文表分析法提示规律

Country or Area
Manufacturing
Resources Development
Commerce and Services
Others
Total
A
7220
380
89520
1370
98490
B
20490
40
5170
1070
27310
C
29370
120
36300
1010
66800
D
36570
68130
12090
120
116910
E
7160
840
19520
710
28320

The above chart shows Japanese direct investment in Asian countries or areas (ABCD and E) from 1951 till 2003
The value of Japanese investment in manufacturing was roughly the same in Hong Kong and in the mainland of China but in commerce and services Hong Kong was over China by seventy billion In resources development Japan didn’t show interest in Singapore and even smaller attention was paid to Taiwan which received exactly one third as much money as Singapore In total the biggest investment by Japan was made in Indonesia
1We learn from the passage that the A in the chart stands for _____
A China B Singapore C Indonesia D Hong Kong
2In total Japan invested about 70 billion dollars more in Hong Kong than in ____
A Singapore B Indonesia C Taiwan D China
3Japanese investment in resources development in Singapore was _____times that in Taiwan
A three B four C five D six
4In manufacturing Indonesia ranked ________
A first B second C third D fourth
5According to the chart we know _______ attracted Japan most
A manufacturing B resources development
C commerce and services D others
答案解析：考查学生理解图表结合文字叙述摄取关信息做题力题首先清楚ABCDE代表国家区The value of Japanese investment in manufacturing was roughly the same in Hong Kong and in the mainland of China 知道AE代表香港中国陆句but in commerce and services Hong Kong was over China by seventy billion进步确定A代表香港E代表中国陆In resources development Japan didn’t show interest in Singapore and even smaller attention was paid to Taiwan which received exactly one third as much money as Singapore知道C新加坡B台湾D疑印度尼西亚句In total the biggest investment by Japan was made in Indonesia印证确定五国家区问题迎刃解答案：15 DDAAC
7．代词指代题解题技
代词指代题求考生定文推测代词指代意义类题般物事物关系较复杂情况种题型理清物事物间逻辑关系关键
例题1：（2008年全国卷C篇）
…
The theory is supported by the facts that so far none of the stolen cars have been returned Also the amount of money demandedunder 3000 Taiwanese dollars –seems too little for a car worth many times more
Demands for pigeondelivered money stopped as soon as the press reported the story And even if they start again Chen holds little hope of catching the criminal We have more important things to do he said
52 The underlined word they in the last paragraph refers to
A criminals B pigeons 　　C the stolen cars 　　D demands for money
答案解析：选D文中段知they 应应该段前面Demands for pigeondelivered money该部分意媒体报道事件发案率降demands for money势头升陈表明捉住罪犯没什希（警察）更重事做
例题2：（2008年全国高考—天津卷E篇）
…
Many creative thinkers state that they have completely devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem often over fairly long periods of time Indeed it would be strange if they had not done this Nothing in such statements supports the idea that there is anything very different about the problem solving that leads to discoveries of the great contributions to the society The act of discovery even in the relatively predictable (预见) sense that it occurs in everyday learning involves (涉) a sudden insight which changes the problem situation into a solution situation As we have seen everyday discovery also requires that the learner have the knowledge of the rules gained in the past which is involved in the solution
54 What does the underlined word this refer to
A Great contributions to the society
B Longtime study of the subject matter
C Various statements about problem solving
D Complete devotion to artistic creation
答案解析：选B里this指代前面容段第句出指代Longtime study of the subject matter

II 技揭秘二 推理判断题解题技
类题考查学生根文章字面意思通语篇逻辑关系研究细节暗示推敲作者态度理解文章寓意等推理判断题属观性较强高层次阅读理解题做类题时考生应理解全文基础文章身提供信息出发运逻辑思维时助定常识进行分析推理判断
提问整篇文章某句某段含蓄意思时问句中含infer imply indicate suggest (推断暗指)等词付类题时仅弄懂文章字面意思更重知道文章潜含义作者提示时文章含义作者暗示作合理猜测推关键：意思推断出原文搬握住文章题思想段容明确作者观点写作该文目分析文章里关信息注意词汇词典定义词典外含义运知识进行表里逻辑推理挖出文章伏笔出正确推
　　种问题提问方式通常：
　　(1) From paragraph 4 we can infer that What can be inferred from the passage From the last paragraph we can infer that
(2) We can infer from the text that… What can we learn from… We can conclude from the
passage that…
(3) The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that
　　(4) The author implies that by the year 2080
　　(5) To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should
(6) The author mentions the fact that…to show
(7) This passage would most likely be found in _________
(8) The author’s attitude toward …is _________
(9) The tone of the passage can best be described as _________
　　提问方式答案般短文中直接找必须根提问中某关键字眼短文中相应关容加逻辑推理演算出某作者未说明已字里行间暗含意思观点
具体说考生应注意点：
c) 首先注意定忠实原文文章提供事实线索立足已知推断未知遵循词离句句离段段离篇原千万观臆想空想象意揣测更观点代作者观点
a) 吃透文章字面意思字里行间捕捉提示线索推理前提基础推断考生完全根文章中阐述细节结合掌握基础知识关背景知识常识帮助进行分析推敲出符合文章原意结
b) 文字表面信息进行挖掘加工表里浅入深具体抽象特殊般通分析综合判断等进行深层处理合逻辑推理事事断章取义偏概全
d) 握句段间逻辑关系解语篇结构时体会文章基调揣摩作者态度摸准逻辑发展方悟出作者言外意
e) 解答推理性问题时定注意确定推理位置范围应清楚解答问题需针某细节进行推断针题思想作者意图进行推断针细节推断运scanning方法迅速材料中确定推理位置范围然进行推理判断针题思想作推断时常常览全篇文章
介绍种常见推理判断题型：
1．细节推断题
求考生根语篇关系推断具体细节时间点物关系物身份事件具体信息等考生文章身提供信息出发抓住关键信息词运逻辑思维助定常识进行分析推理判断
例题：(2008年全国卷III B篇)
MONTREAL (Reuters) – Crossing the USCanada border(边界) to go to church on a Sunday cost a US citizen 10000 for breaking Washington’s strict new security(安全) rules
The expensive trip to church was a surprise for Richard Albert who lives right on the Canadian border Like the other halfdozen people of Township 15 crossing the border is a daily occurrence for Albert The nearby Quebec village of St Pamphile is where they shop eat and go to church
…
59 We learn from the text that Richard Albert is _______
A an American living in Township 15  
B a Canadian living in a Quebec village
C a Canadian working in a customs station
D an American working in a Canadian church
答案解析：选A根第段中cost a US citizen 10000推断出Richard Albert美国working in a Canadian church第二段两句事实符
2．果推断题
求考生根已知结果推测导致结果原根已原推断结果考生准确掌握文章涵理解文章真正含义关键找准事物间存果关系信息根已信息进行分析判断推理推出符合逻辑原判断出导致结果
例题1：(2008年全国卷III B篇)
60 Albert was fined because he ________
A failed to obey traffic rules
B broke the American security rules
C worked in St Pamphile without a pass
D damaged the gate of the customs office
答案解析：选B第段知Albert海关罚10000breaking Washington’s strict new security(安全) rules
例题2：（2008年全国高考—福建卷A篇）
Paul Zindel’s death on March 272003 ended the brilliant life of a famous writer
Not only did Paul Zindel win a Pulitzer Prize as well as an Obie Prize for his 1970 play The Effect of Gamma Rays on ManintheMoon Marigolds but be was one of the earliest writers in the field of contemporary（代） literature for young adults（成） The Pigman published in 1968 is still one of the most wellknown and widelytaught novels in the genre The American Library Association has named it one of the 100 Best of the Best Books for Young Adults published between 1967 and 1992 and Zindel’s autobiography The Pigman and Me was among the 100 Best of the Best Books published for teenagers during the last part of the twentieth century Six of Zindel’s books in fact have been voted the Best Books for Young Adults and most of his recent horror bookssuch as The Doom Stone and Ratshave been chosen as Quick Picks for Reluctant Young Adult Readers Clearly he was a writer who knew how to interest contemporary children Recognizing that the American Library Association in 2002 honored Paul Zindel with the Margaret A Edwards Prize for his lifetime achievements and later that same year he was presented with the ALAN Prize for his contributions to Young Adult Literature With his passing young readers teachers and librarians have lost a great friend
57 Why was Paul Zindel honored with the Margaret A Edwards Prize
A His books were widely read by children
B His books were interesting and helpful to adults
C He made great contributions to contemporary literature
D He wrote a number of horror books for young adults
答案解析：选C第二段第句中半句…but be was one of the earliest writers in the field of contemporary（代） literature for young adults（成）倒数第二句前半句Recognizing that the American Library Association in 2002 honored Paul Zindel with the Margaret A Edwards Prize for his lifetime achievements知Paul Zindel代文学领域中早期作家2002年美国文学协会授予Margaret A Edwards Prize表彰毕生成综合两部分考虑知选项C正确倒数第二句半句and later that same year he was presented with the ALAN Prize for his contributions to Young Adult Literature排选项D
3．物性格心情处境态度观点等推断题
高考阅读测试中题目考查学生文章作者导思想描写物语气言谈话语中流露情绪性格倾作文中物态度观点等方面理解做类题时定注意：
（1）表里准确握字里行间意思切勿观想法观点代作者思想观点
（2）特注意描写环境气氛语言表达感情态度观点词语特注意作者文章中措辞尤感情色彩形容词
（3）结合时积累关英语国家文化传统风俗惯等背景知识识评价
例题1：（2008年全国高考—安徽卷E篇）
Parents should stop blaming themselves because there’s not a lot they can do about it I mean the teenager (十岁孩子) problem Whatever you do or however you choose to deal with it at certain times a wonderful reasonable and helpful child will turn into a terrible animal
I’ve seen friends deal with it in all kinds of different ways One strict mother insisted that her son right from a child should stand up whenever anyone entered the room open doors and shake hands like a gentleman I saw him last week when I called round Sprawling himself (懒散躺) on the sofa in full length he made no attempt to turn off the loud TV he was watching as I walked in and his greeting was no more than a quick glance at me His mother was ashamed I don’t know what to do with him these days she said He’s forgotten all the manners we taught him
He hasn’t forgotten them He’ s just decided that he’ s not going to use them She confessed (坦白) that she would like to come up behind him and throw him down from the sofa onto the floor
Another good friend of mine let her two daughters climb all over the furniture reach across the table stare at me and say I don’t like your dress it’s ugly One of the daughters has recently been driven out of school The other has left home
Where did we go wrong her parents are now very sad Probably nowhere much At least no more than the rest of that unfortunate race parents
73 The boy on the sofa would most probably be described as ______
A lazy B quiet G unusual D rude
74 From the second example we can infer that the parents of the two daughters ______
A pay no attention to them B are too busy to look after them
C have come to hate them D feel helpless to do much about them
75 What is the author’s opinion about the sudden change in teenage children
A Parents have no choice but to try to accept it
B Parents should pay still sore attention to the change
C Parents should work more closely with school teachers
D Parents are at fault for the change in their children
答案解析：73 选D 题属物性格推断题文中第二段One strict mother insisted that her son right from a child should stand up whenever anyone entered the room open doors and shake hands like a gentleman细节描述该段句话He’s forgotten all the manners we taught him出：位严厉母亲想孩子培养成绅士孩子客表现礼貌
74 选D题属物心情处境推断题段Where did we go wrong’ her parents are now very sad句推测两位父母学坏女奈正确答案D
75 选A题属态度观点推断题文中第句话Parents should stop blaming themselves because there’s not a lot they can do about it表明作者观点父母应总事责怪应采取措施面事情然Probably nowhere much At least no more than the rest of that unfortunate race parents做总结表明父母接受事实
例题2：（2008年全国高考—北京卷C篇）
How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments－mostly for entertainment purposes－is fair and respectful
…
The animals are kept together in small spaces with no privacy and little opportunity for mental and physical exercise This results in unusual and selfdestructive behavior called zoochosis A worldwide study of zoos found that zoochosis is common among animals kept in small spaces or cages Another study showed that elephants spend 22 percent of their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars and bears spend 30 percent of their time walking back and forth a sign of unhappiness and pain
…
64 How would the author describe the animals’ life in zoos
A Dangerous B Unhappy C Natural D Easy
答案解析：64 选B题属态度观点推断题段中第句话keeping
animals in cages in unnatural environments文中The animals are kept together in small spaces a sign of unhappiness and pain 推断出作者认动物园中动物生活幸福
4．篇章结构推断题
根文章容写作目作者会采取记叙描写议说明应文体作者会采叙述例证较等组织结构文体阅读难度求务阅读方法应增强篇章结构理解力助提高阅读质量
例题1：（2008年全国高考—湖北卷A篇）
　Have you ever wondered why birds sing Maybe you thought that they were just happy After all you probably sing or whistle when you are happy
　　Some scientists believe that birds do sing some of the time just because they are happy However they sing most of the time for a very different reason Their singing is actually a warning to other birds to stay out of their territory
　　…
59 How does the writer explain birds’ singing
A By comparing birds with human beings
B By reporting experiment results
C By describing birds’ daily life
D By telling a bird’s story
答案解析：文章第二两段知作者鸟类进行
例题2：（2008年全国高考—浙江卷C篇）
In the course of working my way through school I took many jobs I would rather forget But none of these jobs was as dreadful as my job in an apple plant The work was hard the pay was poor and most of all the working conditions were terrible
First of all the job made huge demands on my strength…
…
I stayed on the job for five months all the while hating the difficulty of the work the poor money and the conditions under which I worked By the time I left I was determined never to go back there again
52 How is the text organized
A Topic—Argument—Explanation
B Opinion—DiscussionDescription
C Main idea—Comparison—Supporting examples
D Introduction—Supporting examples—Conclusion
答案解析：选D题考查语篇结构理解文记叙文般结构文叙述作者学时苹果加工厂工历作者第段提出苹果加工厂工作辛苦工资低工作条件差（The work was hard the pay was poor and most of all the working conditions were terrible）中间三段举例描述段出愿意做结（By the time I left I was determined never to go back there again）
5．文章结推断题
具体般已知事实进行纳总结性推断称结
例题：（2008年全国高考—广东卷D篇）
In 1837 the historian Carlyle made the first recorded use of the word queue (排队) He
spoke of the French and their habit of standing in a queue Forty years later Paris was the best
place to wait in line However queuing became popular in Britain too The Second World War was the golden age of queuing and people joined any line in the hope that it was a queue for something to buy This was the source of many Second World War jokes
Shopkeeper to customer Excuse me miss are you pregnant (怀孕)
Customer Well I wasn’t when I joined the queue
Today according to research in America we (in Britain) can spend up to 5 years of our lives
queuing as compared to twelve months looking for things we have lost But things may be changing
…
But some people just like queuing One man queued all night for Harrods famous January sale and then returned home for breakfast at nine o’ clock the next morning without going into the shop
71 We can infer from the passage that ________
A queue management doesn’t work well
B there is still queuing in England
C we don’t see much queuing in Paris
D the French like queuing more than the British
答案解析：选B文章结推断题文章说But some people just like queuing该句表明英国喜欢排队排队然存
6．预测题
容文章中没明确说明求考生根语篇事件结局段涉容等进行预测推理
常见预测相关问题：
What information will probably be provided following the last paragraph
What do you think the author is most likely to suggest if he continues to write
What would… do in the end
类问题判断
做类题时应常常览全文握作者写作思路（文章事件发展描写果关系关系叙述）作者前文提出解决说明问题提出种观点法然文解释说明考生通文章找出作者已阐明问题观点然接文章会发展便目然
例题1：（2004全国卷I B篇）
Giving Back
Fair Way
The Westborough High School golf team had taken the official photos with the state prize The other teams disappointed were on the bus heading home And then Westborough instructor Greg Rota noticed something wrong on one of the score cards A 9 had been recorded as a 7 They were not the state prize winner Woburn High had won No one would have known said Woburn’s instructor Bob Doran For Rota it wasn’t a difficult decision The prize wasn’t ours to take
60 What did Greg Rota probably do in the end
A Took photos of Doran
B Had a meeting with Doran
C Returned the prize to the organizer
D Apologized to Woburn High School
61 Greg Rota’s decision shows that he was
A honest B polite
C careful D friendly
答案解析：60选C文章思路结局题篇阅读题Give Back （回报）全文三篇短文围绕题展开中篇题属结局推断题结果文章没明显表白完全物说话推断fair way (公公正)尤句 it wasn’t a difficult decision The prize wasn’t ours to take 知Rota 发现记分错误决定属奖回组委会
61选A 题属物性格推断题Greg Rota 知道奖品该属时马决定退回奖品说明诚实
例题2：（2008年全国高考—海卷C篇）
I THIRST
Each day waterrelated diseases kill 3900 of world’s children
Across the world 11 billion people have no access to clean drinking water More than 25 billion people lack basic sanitation(卫生设备)
The combination proves deadly Each year diseases related to inadequate water and sanitation kill between 2 and 5 million people and cause an estimated 80 percent of all sicknesses in the developing world Safe drinking water is a precondition for health and the fight against child death rate inequality between men and women and poverty
…
Here are three ways you can help
1) Write Congress
…
2) Sponsor a project with a faithbased organization
…
3) Support nonprofit water organizations
Numerous USbased nonprofits work skillfully abroad in communityled projects related to
drinking water and sanitation Like the sample of nonprofits noted as follows some organizations are large other smallscale some operate worldwide others are devoted to certain areas in Africa Asia or Latin America Support them generously
75 What information will probably be provided following the last paragraph
A A variety of companies and their worldwide operation
B A list of nonprofit water organizations to make contact with
C Some ways to get financial aids from US Congress
D A few water resources exploited by some worldfamous organizations
答案解析：选B篇广告求全世界缺水饮水安全捐献份爱心题道预测题根段Like the sample of nonprofits noted as follows… 句预测段读者提供非赢利性组织名单便捐献爱心取联系正确答案选B三选项广告目符排

III 技揭秘三 旨意题解题技
高考阅读理解文章旨意进行命题旨考查考生通原文快速浏览正确
获取语篇意文章题标题段落中心思想加纳理解辨信息次信息力求考生阅读短文时够提炼文章中心情节体会作者意图充分运逻辑概括力透字里行间获取文章具代表性观点中心点作者情感倾
高考阅读理解中针短文旨常见命题形式：
(1) What would be the best title for the text What is the topic of the text
(2) The main topic subject of the passage is _________
(3) The main idea The general idea is The main theme of this passage is…
(4) The last paragraph ends the passage with an emphasis on _________
(5) What is mainly discussed in the text
(6) What is the main idea of the passage
(7) What’s the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph
(8) The purpose of this passage is
(9) Which of the following statements is best supported by the text
(10) Which of the following best summarized the passage
(11) The passage mainly focuses on
述命题形式出类阅读测试题概括两类样理解段落文章整体中心思想样拟定选择恰标题面结合高考题实例具体分析类题目解题技巧
●样理解段落文章整体旨意
——题句定位法
文章段落组成段落发展题群句子段落围绕着中心思想展开段落中心思想文章整体中心思想服务寻找具体段落中心思想方法：通分析篇章结构找出段题句通题句找出文章题找准文章题句确定文章旨意关键题文章表达中心思想文章题句通常话题文章核心题句定位法种行效方法
文章表现手法题句出现位置成变许情况尤阅读说明文议文时根篇章特点通寻找短文题句纳出文章题题句文章中位置通常三种情况：开头中间结尾（含开头结尾时出现首尾呼应题句）仔细阅读类文章段落首尾句关键做旨意类试题采浏览法(skimming)浏览时般需逐句细读选读文章首段尾段段首句尾句重点搜索题线索题信息
文章题常常通文章写作方法体现五种情况：
1 正三解形写作法
中心题句出现文首开门见山提出题细节解释支撑发展题句表达题思想英语中常见演绎法写作方式般特殊先提出观点举例证题句出现段首写作方法
新闻报道通常采种写法新闻报道首句通常称新闻导语导语实际题句全文容高度概括意题标题般第句话找答题
例题：(2008年全国高考—重庆卷E篇)（备注：高考题均保留原题号）
In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition Some value it highly believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity Others say that competition is bad that it sets one person against another that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people
…
71 What does this passage mainly talk about
A Competition helps to set up selfrespect
B Opinions about competition are different among people
C Competition is harmful to personal quality development
D Failures are necessary experience in competition
答案解析：选B文中第句便提出中心点
2 倒三角形写作法
题句出现文尾细节纳点印象结建议结果概括题英语中常见纳法写作方式细节表述句子前概括性句子居题句常位末段
例题1：(2004年全国卷IV A篇)
The famous American gorilla(猩猩) expert Diane Fossey had a completely new way to study gorillas — she pretended to be one of them She copied their actions and way of life — eating plants and getting down on her hands and knees to walk the way a gorilla does It was a new relationship
Diane Fossey was murdered in Rwanda in 1985 and her story was made into the popular film Gorillas in the Mist It was a long way from King Kong which is about a gorilla as a monster (a frightening animal) and helped to show a new idea the real monster is man while the gorilla is to be admired
Today there are thought to be around 48000 lowland gorillas and maybe 400—450 mountain gorillas in the wild From the Congo in West Africa to Rwanda and Uganda further east they are endangered by hunting and by the cutting down of their forest homes
Some time ago I found in my letterbox a little magazine from the World Wide Fund for Nature It had two photos side by side One was of a young gorilla This is a species of mammal(哺乳类动物) said the words below it It is being destroyed by man We must save it for our own good The other photo showed a human baby The words also read This is a species of mammal but then went on It is the most destructive(破坏性) on earth We must retrain it for its own good
56The text mainly talks about _____
A Diane Fossey B the gorillas in Rwanda
C the protection of the gorillas D the film Gorillas in the Mist
答案解析：选C文章第段谈Diane Fossey猩猩研究第二段谈根事迹拍摄影片第三段谈猩猩数量减少原段谈保护猩猩宣传措施前面三段段作铺垫 段It is being destroyed by man We must save it for our own good知目保护猩猩
例题2：On the Internet we can read news at home and abroad and get as much information as we can We often send emails or make telephone calls to our families as well as to our friends by Internet What’s more we can go to school on the net read a lot of books and even teach ourselves foreign languages We also enjoy music watch ball matches on the net and play computer games With the help of the net we can do shopping even without leaving our homes
The Internet is playing a more and more important part in our daily life
1 What’s the main idea of the passage
A Keep away from the Internet
B Surf the net
C The Internet is playing an important part in our daily life
D We can entertain ourselves on the Internet
答案解析：选C句The Internet is playing a more and more important part in our daily life（特网生活中起着越越重作）全文题句A项（远离网络）题符B项（网）笼统D项（网娱乐）短文中细节全面
3 圆形写作法
首尾呼应写作方法突出题作者先提出题结尾时次点出题种首尾呼应写作方式较见通常前表述题句子简单重复面进步引申发展意味
例题：Lacrosse (曲棍球) is a popular sport in Canada The Indians in Canada invented it They used it to train for war They invented this game before Columbus arrived in the New World
People play lacrosse outdoors The lacrosse field is seven meters long At each end of the field there is a goal The goal is a net There are ten players on each team Each player has a stick called cross The player hit a ball into the net as many times as possible Lacrosse is a very fast game because the players can catch and pass the ball at a high speed with their sticks Players often get great fun it playing lacrosse
There are many lacrosse clubs and lacrosse teams all over Canada Every night Canadians can watch the lacrosse games on TV or listen to the lacrosse games over the radio
At one time lacrosse was the national summer sport in Canada Today it is still popular with Canadians
1The passage is mainly about
A How to Play Lacrosse
B Lacrosse in Canada
C The History of Lacrosse
D Lacrosse—A Popular Game in Canada
答案解析：选D作者先两次提长曲棍球加受欢迎显然选项D符合短文题
4 菱形写作法
题句出现文章中间通常前面提出问题文中题陈述细节合逻辑引申文中导出作进步解释支撑发展
例题： (2008年全国高考—江苏卷C篇)
The Sahara Festival is a celebration of the very recent past The threeday event is not fixed to the same dates each year but generally takes place in November or December It is well attended by tourists but even better attended by locals
During the opening ceremonies after the official greetings from the government leaders people who attend the festival begin to march smartly before the viewing stands and white camels transport their riders across the sands Horsemen from different nations display their beautiful clothes and their fine horsemanship One following another groups of musicians and dancers from all over the Sahara take their turn to show off their wonderful traditional culture Groups of men in blue and yellow play horns and beat drums as they dance in different designs On their knees in the sand a group of women in long dark dresses dance with their hair their long dark shiny hair is thrown back and forth in the wind to the rhythm of their dance
…
67 This passage mainly tells readers_______
A what happens on the opening day of the Sahara Festival
B how people celebrate during the threeday Sahara Festival
C what takes place at the closing ceremonies of the Sahara Festival
D how animals race on the first and the last days of the Sahara Festival
答案解析：文中第二段第句话During the opening ceremonies出
文介绍撒哈拉节开幕式活动答案选A
5 正方形写作法
中心题隐含全文中没明确题句阅读样文章求考生根文章细节分析概括出段落题推导出文章旨分析方法先弄清该段落讲方面容容逻辑什联系然加纳形成题该类型试题迎刃解
例题1：(2008年全国高考—安徽卷C篇)
Handshaking though a European practice is often seen in big cities of China Nobody knows exactly when the practice started in Europe It is said that long long ago in Europe when people met they showed their unarmed (武器) hands to each other as a sign of goodwill As time went on and trade in cities grew rapidly people in cities began to clap each other’s hands to make a deal or to reach an agreement This practice was later changed into shaking hands among friends on meeting or leaving each other Let’s shake (hands) on it sometimes means agreement reached
Do the Europeans shake hands wherever they go and with whomever they meet No Sometimes the Chinese abroad reach out their hands too often to be polite It is really very impolite to give your hand when the other party especially when it is a woman shows little interest in shaking hands with you and when the meeting does not mean anything to him orher Even if for politeness he holds out his unwilling hand in answer to your uninvited hand just touch it slightly There is generally a misunderstanding (误解) among the Chinese that westerners are usually open and straightforward while the Chinese are rather reserved (保守) in manner But in fact some people in western countries more reserved than some Chinese today So it is a good idea to shake hands with a westerner only when he shows interest in further relations with you
65 The first paragraph mainly tells us ______
A where handshaking was first practised
B how handshaking came about
C about the relationship between handshaking and trade
D about the practice of handshaking both in Europe and in China
答案解析：选B旨意题文章第段说明握手历实际谈
握手样产生
67 The main purpose of the text is ______
A to tell us some differences between the East and the West
B to offer us some important facts about handshaking
C to introduce us to some different customs in the West
D to give us some advice before we travel abroad
答案解析：选B旨意题文没明确题句中心题隐含全文中明显题句通读全文知文章介绍握手具体事实知答案B正确
例题2：(2008年全国高考— 山东卷A篇）
Last August Joe and Mary Mahoney began looking at colleges for their 17yearold daughter Maureen With a checklist of criteria in hand the Dallas family looked around the country visiting half a dozen schools They sought a university that offered the teenager’s intended major one located neat a large city and a campus where their daughter would be safe
The safety issue is a big one says Joe Mahoney who quickly discovered he wasn’t alone in his worries On campus tours other parents voiced similar concerns and the same question was always asked what about crime But when college officials always gave the same answer ——That’s not a problem here ——Mahoney began to feel uneasy
No crime whatsoever comments Mahoney today I just don’t buy it Nor should he in 1999 the US Department of education had reports of nearly 400000 serious crimes on or around our campuses Parents need to understand that times have changed since they went to college says David Nichols author of Creating a Safe Campus Campus crime mirrors the rest of the nation
But getting accurate information isn’t easy Colleges must report crime statistics(统计数字)by law but some hold back for fear of bad publicity leaving the honest ones looking dangerous The truth may not always be serious warms S Daniel Carter of Security on Campus Inc the nation’s leading campus safety watchdog group
To help concerned parents Carter promised to visit campuses and talk to experts around the country to find out major crime issues and effective solutions
60 What is the text mainly about
A Exact campus crime statistics B Crimes on or around campuses
C Effective solutions to campus crime D Concerns about kids’ campus safety
答案解析：选D该篇文章没明显题句通文章四段旨分析容易出全文紧紧围绕 关注学校园安全问题（Concerns about kids’ campus safety）

●样选择拟定文章标题
文章旨意考察仅直接理解段落文章旨意形式出现选择拟定文章标题形式出现选择文章标题首先旨意确定方式先弄清文章旨意定标题
标题位文章首高度概括文章容点明文章题段落中心思想精练表达形式标题帮助读者迅速推测出整篇文章容抓住文章中心握作者观点意图选择文章标题呢？
首先考虑标题文章概括性覆盖面般求覆盖全文容体
现文章旨避免列三种情况：①概括够（表现部分代整体导致范围太）②度概括（表现脱离文章容发挥）③事实细节代抽象具体意
次考虑标题针性标题范围恰针性强阅读原文基础
仔细考虑选标题文章题否密切关系太太太中心突出太发挥应起作精确度高意改变语言表意程度色彩单词短语句子
次注意标题醒目性标题选择简洁突出新颖标题文章点睛笔文章灵魂门面标题坏影响文章读性读者常常标题决定文章阅读取舍标题般较醒目甚较离奇吸引读者文章兴趣
注意恰选标题需解标题基拟定方法般说拟定标题话题核心控制性概念词定语法浓缩概括题句中心思想词组某文章中心句：CHINA issued the first set of stamps depicting the top 128 Chinese family names on Thursday Nov 18th 2004 in Beijing
话题：Stamps
控制性概念：CHINA issued the first set of stamps depicting the top 128 Chinese family names
标题：China issued 1st set of stamps on family names
例题1：(2008年全国高考—江西卷A篇)
He wishes the holiday season would end already His back aches his red suit feels like a spacesuit his cheeks have gone tight from smiling for 12 hours …
The questions from children these days are harder than ever Now with thousands of children expecting a father or mother serving in Iraq or Afghanistan the questions are as heartbreaking as they are unanswerable For example Can you please bring Daddy home from the war in time for Christmas morning
Santas also have a pretty good chance of getting sued (指控)…
59．What would be the best title for the passage
A．Christmas Not a Good Festival for Santas
B．Is Santa Claus Really Alive
C．A Christmas Story
D．What Does Santa Claus Do for Children
答案解析：选A通览全文第段首句He wishes the holiday season would end already His back aches第二段首句The questions from children these days are harder than ever第三段首句 Santas also have a pretty good chance of getting sued (指控)难出文讲述圣诞老辛苦A选项恰文中没谈B选项容C选项标题范围太没针性D选项没概括文中容
例题2：（2008年全国卷III A篇）
Every year on my birthday from the time I turned 12 a white gardenia was delivered to my house No card came with it Calls to the flowershop were not helpful at all After a while I stopped trying to discover the sender’s name and just delighted in the beautiful white flower in soft pink paper
But I never stopped imagining who the giver might be Some of my happiest moments were spent daydreaming about the sender My mother encouraged these imaginings She’d ask me if there was someone for whom I had done special kindness Perhaps it was the old man across the street whose mail I’d delivered during the winter As a girl though I had more fun imagining that it might be a boy I had run into
One month before my graduation my father died I felt so sad that I became completely uninterested in my upcoming graduation dance and I didn’t care if I had a new dress or not But my mother in her own sadness would not let me miss any of those things She wanted her children to feel loved and lovable In truth my mother wanted her children to see themselves much like the gardenia
lovely strong and perfect with perhaps a bit of mystery (神秘)
My mother died ten days after I was married I was 22 That was the year the gardenia stopped coming
41 Which of the following would be the best title for the text
A A childhood Dream B A Mother’s Love
C A Graduation Party D A Special Birthday
答案解析：选B题考察篇章理解旨概括力结合整篇尤段难出母亲女片良苦心母爱标题简洁形象突出文题

IV 技揭秘四 词义猜测题解题技
历年高考试题中生词量增减教学纲求学生读懂生词率超3传记事记叙文科普品文关社会文史知识等题材材料英语阅读训练测试中生词障碍会成学生理解绊脚石绊脚石出现致分五类：1．旧词新义考查词汇表中未出现词义：Nearby is the Indianapolis race course where the nation’s most famous car race is held each year on May 30th学 course意思程课程等显然符句意根文 course汽车赛举行方推断 course该句车道跑道意思2．合成词转化词派生词shopliftingheartbrokencomputerliteratedecisionthinkingimperfect等3．灵活常词增词必须根具体文语境正确理解4．新鲜外国名名专名称增词带定文化背景5．超纲生词： NMET2002纲外熟词新意生词达57NMET2003年52专名词15注汉字生词外52生词 (含熟词生义)
学生阅读训练测试中存着生词恐惧心理遇生词读感觉阅读理解时遇量生词该办 查词典然排词义障碍种方法然常阅读训练中频繁查阅词典影响阅读速度容易破坏学生阅读思路兴趣况词义英语词汇特点词典定学生提供单词特定文中具体确切含义时练中遇生词马查词典通定方法猜测理解猜测词义仅项阅读技巧高考阅读力考查方面年高考阅读中猜测词义试题掌握正确方法快速准确猜测出生词含义提高阅读速度答题效率相重
该类题常见考查形式：
A The phrase …in the sentence could be replaced by ____
B The word … in the paragraph refers to ____
C What is the meaning of the underlined word in the paragraph What does the unlined word mean
D Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase …
E The word … most nearly means ____
类试题考生应该进行胆猜测种猜测胡乱盲目定方法技巧面介绍十种常见猜测词义方法供学加运
1．构词法猜词
阅读中常常会遇熟悉单词派生合成新词掌握构词法猜测词义帮助：unforeseeable词根构词法拆成un fore see able中 see 词根fore先前预含义un否定able…………unforeseeable未预见意思
例题1：（2008年全国高考—重庆卷D篇）
…
The reasons for a visit to a lighthouse are not all so backwardlooking in time It is true that lighthouses were built in outoftheway places But on a pleasant sunny summer day this very isolation has a natural beauty that many people will love to experience …
68 The underlined phrase outoftheway in Paragraph 4 means ____________
A faraway B dangerous C ancient D secret
分析：选A合成词outoftheway原意句中isolation词知灯塔孤零零方
例题2：（2004年全国高考—重庆卷D篇）
…
Baker concludes that people do not have the ability to sense when they’re being stared at If people doubt the outcome of his two experiments said Baker I suggest they repeat the experiments and see for themselves
70 The underlined word outcome in the last paragraph most probably means
A value B result C performance D connection
分析：选B运构词法进行猜测动词词组come out 意义露出出现显露出根句子语境猜测出意义：(实验)结果
2．利义义词猜词
生词出现文中时会出现义义词语结构时熟悉词语中推知生词含义统称词短语间列连词andor词语短语句中作相成分andor连接两项容含义接递进确定等关系中某生词属义域甚推出致词义
例题1：Animals have different living habits Some like to look for food at daytime and sleep at night but some like to sleep at daytime and prowl at night
分析：通列句出prowllook for food 义义词词义应该寻找食物
例题2：(2003全国卷C篇)
…Fermat’s Last Theorem（定理） first put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the seventeenth century the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds including a French woman scientists who made a major advance in working out the problem and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique …
65 Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word baffle as it is used in the text
A To encourage people to raise questions
B To cause difficulty in understanding
C To provide a person with an explanation
D To limit people’s imagination
答案解析： 句中难出Fermat定理具数学头脑科学家绞脑汁（beat）句中beatenbaffled处等列关系根信息推出baffle表示困惑难倒难理解意思
3．利反义词猜词
描述说明事物常方式中事物互相反根反义关系已知推出未知利反义词说明生词意义反义词hot and cold perfect and imperfect甚前句肯定否定等句词词间段句句间关系起着互线索作
例题1：Unlike her gregarious sister Jane is shy unsociable person who does not like to go to parties or to make new friends
分析：句Jane姐妹Jane生性腼腆爱交际姐姐相反爱交际猜出gregarious词义
例题2：In many nations there are two financial extremes (极端) from penury to great wealth
分析：penury the state of being very poor poverty (贫穷 贫困)
例题3：(2002全国高考卷E篇)
A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle it can be a basket of fun according to Beth Anaclerio an Evaston mother of two ages 4 and 18 months
…
74What does the underlined word hassle probably mean
A A party designed by specialists
B A plan requiring careful thought
C A situation causing difficulty or trouble
D A demand made by guests
答案解析：根前句否定doesn’t句肯定can be关系判断出庆祝孩子生日麻烦买生日开心包Hassle意思应该fun相反difficulty trouble相答案C
4．利文语境猜词
篇文章中句子容绝孤立句子段落整整篇文章关利文提供情景线索进行合逻辑综合分析进推测词义阅读程中关键年高考考查热点
例题1：（2008年全国高考—湖南卷B篇）
…Charlotte’s tale was inspired by the girls’ coin collection We’ve collected foreign coins for years – since our families went on holiday to Tenerife she explains That was before the Euro so we put pesetas in …
60 The underlined word pesetas in Paragraph 2 is a kind of _____
A story B collection C inspiration D foreign coin
答案解析：选D原文中Euro (欧元欧洲统货币)推知该词种欧元发行前钱币
例题2：（2008年全国高考—江西卷D篇）
…The plants are about one meter apart The plant is often pruned so that it remains only 60 to 90 centimeters high Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots or young leaves It is from these shoots that the best tea is got
…
68．In the first paragraph the word pruning means
　　A．regular cutting of the plants
　　B．frequent watering
　　C．regular use of chemicals
　　D．growing the plants high in the mountain
答案解析：选A段中 ① The plant is often pruned so that it remains only 60 to 90 centimeters high
②Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots or young leaves 便猜出Pruning词义剪枝．修剪
例题3：（2008年全国高考—海卷B篇）
…
But said Kim I feel that since you are my superior it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do
…
70 The word presumptuous in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to _____
A full of respect B too confident and rude
C lacking in experience D too shy and quiet
答案解析：选B时通果关系语境判断果关系语境通常
because so therefore sosuch…that…等连词体现文中Kim．方（Williams）司告诉司做什会显礼貌(rude)负（too confident）
例题4：（2008年全国高考—山东卷A篇）
…
No crime whatsoever comments Mahoney today I just don’t buy it Nor should he in 1999 the US Department of education had reports of nearly 400000 serious crimes on or around our campuses …
58 The underlined word buy in the third paragraph means _______
A mind B admit C believe D expect
答案解析：选Cbuy原意买购买处根语境知意相信段第句话知Mahoney持怀疑态度面列举400000数字表示出相信
特提醒：做英语阅读理解题时定注意熟词生义类猜词题常见年高考题中熟词生义生词身障碍原三：高考生词数量数量规定超3％二熟词生义容易引起考生误解三熟词生义数量没限制果种现象篇文章中出现更难理解
5．利定义解释猜词
文章特科技文章通常会关键词予定义利定义猜测词意思释义法根文章中字里行间生词定语（句）表语甚逗号破折号等标点符号引出加解释说明方式
例题1：Wrestling is the game which is played by two strong people one player tried to get the other down on the floor
分析：通面定义解释：Wrestling 两进行彼力方弄倒赛猜出wrestling摔跤摔角
例题2：Scientists grow large quantities of common mould so that they can get penicillin from it in order to make antibiotics that is substances that kill germs
分析：antibiotic a medical substance such as penicillin produced by living things and able to stop the growth of or destroy harmful bacteria that have entered the body (抗生素 抗生菌)
例题3：(2002年全国高考卷B篇)
Organic produce is always better Gold said The food is free of pesticides (农药) and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms And more often than not it is locally ()grown and seasonal so it is more tasty Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business
62 What is the meaning of the organic trend as the words are used in the text
A Growing interest in organic food
B Better quality of organic food
C Rising market for organic food
D Higher prices of organic food
答案解析：Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying something推断出越越顾客Gold样开始购买机食物实类食物产生越越浓厚兴趣答案A
6．利例证猜词
说明证实文章中常会举例列举说明前面较难理解词例子帮助猜测生词举例时常常会连接性词：such as like for example for instance等
例题1：I have found Lucy is quite generous for example whenever she meets a beggar she gives some coins to him
分析：通例句次遇乞丐会硬币猜测出Generous词义应该慷慨
例题2：You can take any of the periodicals：The World Of English Foreign Language Teaching In School or English Learning
分析：通面举例：英语世界中学外语教学英语学说明periodicals期刊杂志
7．根复述等关系猜测词义
强调某观点某事叙述更明白作者时运语句复述概念时利重复表达形式变化猜测词义然复述定义样严谨详细提供信息足阅读者猜出生词词义复述部分适词短语句
等关系指词词组短语句中作成分词义属范畴认出中词短语确定等关系中生词词性作概意思
例题1：（2008年全国高考—江苏卷E篇）
William Shakespeare said The web of our life is of a mingled yarn (纱线) good and ill
together ’’
74The underlined word mingled in the last paragraph most probably means________
A simple B mixed C sad D happy
答案解析：选Ba mingled yarn文good and ill together重复说明
知道mingled含义mixed（混合）接
例题2：Capacitance or the ability to store electric charge is one of the most common characteristics of electronic circuits
分析：位语快猜出生词capacitance词义电容量
　　 需注意：位语前常or similarly that is to say in other words namely等副词短语出现
例题3：Semantics the study of the meaning of words is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently
分析：例逗号中短语意词意义进行研究学科该短语前面生词semantics位关系难猜出semantics指语义学
复述中构成位关系两部分间逗号连接时破折号号分 号引号括号等
8．利词义搭配关联猜词
单词句子中总词相关联通前关联猜测生词词义
例题：I wish this medicine may really cure my backache
分析：通cure前面种药面背疼容易判断出 cure词义治
9．根语义转折猜词
时文章作者增强表达效果会含表示意思转折连词副词短语：though although still but yet instead instead of however while on the contrary on the other hand unlike rather than for one thing for another等根转折意思猜测词义
例题（2008年全国高考—广东卷B篇）
…Unlike vitamin C leadership skills can’t be easily swallowed down They must be carefully cultivated
Different from popular belief most good leaders are made not born They learn their skills in their everyday lives But which do they develop How do they (and how can you) get others to follow …
60 The underlined word cultivated (paragraph 1) roughly means _______
A encouraged B compared C examined D developed
答案解析：选D句知领导力swallowed down慢慢培养第二段第句Different from popular belief most good leaders are made not born They learn their skills in their everyday lives But which do they develop启发
例题2：（2008年全国高考—北京卷D篇）
…
However obvious these facts may appear at first glance they are actually not so obvious as they seem except when we take special pains to think about the subject
…
71 In Paragraph 3 take special pains probably means _____
A try very hard B take our time
C are very unhappy D feel especially painful
答案解析：选AHowever句中at first glance（乍眼）文中take special pains进行然眼出简单然费力想推断出A项佳选项
10．利验常识猜词
例题1：Young Hoover died Over a thousand people attended his funeral
分析：通年轻Hoover世根常识猜测出千参加应该葬礼
例题2：All the houses in the city collapsed during the strong earthquake
分析：验知道：强烈震会房子倒塌容易猜出collapsed倒塌意思
例题3：（2004年全国高考—北京卷C篇）
…
I was on the way to a personalinjury accident in West Nashville As I got onto Highway 40 blue lights and sirens(警笛) going I fell in behind a gold Pontiac Firebird that suddenly seemed to take off quickly down the highway The driver somehow panicked at the sight of me He was going more than a hundred miles an hour and began passing cars on the shoulder
(2004年北京高考题)
63 The meaning of panicked in Paragraph 2 is related to ___________
A shame B hate C anger D fear
答案解析：根段容描述知道panicked 意思惊慌相fear
提醒考生掌握定生词推测技巧死抠词名名等专名词必细究处时难断定意思妨碍理解答题生词必理会
然做完题查阅字典方面检测推断否正确外单词短语记专门子常积累复词汇（注：连文章中句子起摘抄）样阅读会定帮助考试没时间推测量单词时定积累熟背量单词短语典句子甚文章
六英语高考阅读理解备考建议：
首先时加强阅读养成天朗读惯增强记忆非常熟练背文章样助增强语感语感篇章理解会加强初学者朗读背诵尤重实际层次已熟练掌握外语常练朗读样非常必培养阅读力求量做默读外阅读时注意：减少回读手笔指着文章逐词阅读边读边翻译边读边分析句型搭配量学会英语思考问题养成良阅读惯天两篇短文注重文章旨理解时逐步培养分析判断纳概括力少学喜欢找阅读理解书明白阅读理解力提高做题提高通定阅读量输入阅读理解力培养提高单课堂做题程度课外阅读
次考生培养定阅读兴趣阅读力兴趣关阅读兴趣越高动机愈强越利广泛阅读提高技培养改善阅读惯兴趣阅读爱者动兴趣非生俱需天培养发展仅学会阅读乐阅读动动
次丰富词汇扎实基础语法知识(特构词法知识句法分析力等)必少没定词汇量进行量阅读太生词障碍会造成定心理障碍着词汇量扩语义句法知识增强阅读技提高阅读速度逐渐理解速度步发展读越理解越快外长句出现必然句法分析力提出更高求长句初学者阅读理解中拦路虎具备准确找出长句
努力语言基础扎实语言基础指已掌握语言知识言语技阅读技言语技部分通语言学掌握言语技提高阅读力提高重促进反阅读力提高言语技发展会发生定核心力问题迎刃解促进作阅读力离开语言基础发展语言基础阅读技发展快提高语言基础着手进步培养阅读力必
外应定量阅读基础进行定量专项训练注意文章阅读方法技巧进行纳确定正确解题思路练效解题技巧里提醒家句阅读理解般遵循词离句句离段段离篇分析原阅读技巧般千万空想象观点法代作者观点法
般文章中心着文章—题目—文章思路解题开始做阅读理解题先读短文寻找话题抓住意留心篇文章标题首句尾句理脉络注意文章中承接语助提示分析段落结构分清层次确定文章题思想细节次读题目清阅读选项分清试题种类客观理解题仔细研究相关句子段落抓住支撑信息观理解题必须原文事实挖掘文章涵进行合理推断快速阅读基础灵活交运浏览跳读句意揣摩细读等技巧外话题线题目容特点着眼点扣住解题关键事物特点抓住特点抓住问题关键
七学成果综合检测
1
Most people agree that the direct assertive(分信) American personality is a virtue but it sometimes surprises foreigners In many cultures respect for older people or those in positions of authority keeps others from expressing their true feelings But in the US children often argue with their parents students may disagree with their teachers and citizens may express opposition to the actions of the government If the soup has a fly in it or the meat is too tough to chew the diner can complain to the waiter if the boss makes a mistake an employee will politely point it out
Some straight talk about the American character must include the admission that Americans have their faults The extremely competitive nature of Americans is probably their worst fault Of course competition isn’t always bad As a matter of fact it promotes excellence by encouraging individuals and businesses to try to do their best But the desire to get ahead of others sometimes causes people to do things that are unkind and even dishonest Also Americans admire what is practical fast efficient and fresh Sometimes they fail to understand and appreciate practices that have greater respect for more traditional leisurely ways of doing things On the other hand people from other cultures may dislike the practical challenging American lifestyle
Despite culture differences most foreigners give Americans credit for their virtues Americans are generally viewed as friendly adaptable energetic and kindhearted Most newcomers to the US like Americans and the feeling is usually mutual Perhaps the greatest American virtue is a deep interest in new ideas and new people In a nation of immigrants the foreigner does not remain an outsider for long
1In order to show the respect for older people
A people from some other cultures will always express their true feeling
B people from some other cultures may sometimes hide their true feeling
CAmericans always show their true feelings
DAmericans usually argue with them
2Why is the extremely competitive nature considered as one of American faults
ABecause people from other cultures fear competition
BBecause only American people own it
CBecause it will make people forget leisure
DBecause it may sometimes urge people to do something bad
3It can be inferred from the passage that
AAmerican people are more critical of everything than people from other cultures
Bthe author believes that American character has more faults than virtues
Cthe author admires American virtues as they are viewed as competitive and anti traditional
Dit is difficult for newcomers to get on with Americans
4The passage mainly talks about
A American virtues B American characters C American faults D American lifestyles
2
Every day 25 million US children ride school buses The safety record for these buses is much better than for passenger cars but nevertheless about 10 children are killed each year riding on large school buses and nearly four times that number are killed outside buses in the loading zones By and large however the nation’s school children are transported to and from school safety
Even though the number of school bus accidents is not large the safety of children is always of intense public concern While everyone wants to see children transported safely people are divided about what needs to be doneparticularly whether seat belts should be compulsory
People in favour of seat belts on school busesmany of them parents and medical organizationsargue that seat belts are necessary not only to reduce fatality and injury but also to teach children lessons about the importance of using them routinely in any moving vehicle A side benefit they point out is that seat belts help keep children in their seats away from the bus driver
People who object to seat belt installation suggest that children are already well protected by the school buses that follow the Nation Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s (NHTSA) safety requirements set in 1977 They also believe that many children won’t wear seat belts anyway and that may damage the belts or use them as weapons to hurt other children
A new Research council report on school bus safety suggest that there are alternate safety devices and procedures that may be more effective and less expensive For example the study committee suggested that raising seat backs four inches may have the same safety effectiveness as seat belts
The report sponsored by the Department of transportation at the request of Congress re
views seat belts extensively while taking a broader look at safety in and around school buses
5According to the passage the school bus is
A the bus offered by the school and different from the public bus
B the bus that has no difference from the public bus
C the bus that is driven by the students
D the bus that is not safe
6According to the passage who has the greatest degree of control of the school buses safety
AA new Research Council B The Department of Transportation
C The Medical Organization D National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
7It may be inferred from this passage that
A many of the opponents(反者) of seat belt installation are parents and officials of the Department of Transportation
B proposals of seat belts on school buses would be seriously considered
C an alternate safety device (raising seat backs four inches) may be taken into consideration
D The Department of Transportation may either take the idea of seat belts or other measures when it reviews the whole situation
8The title below which best expresses the idea of the passage is
A Making School Buses Even Safer for Children B Seat Belts Needed on School Buses
C Alternate Safety Devices and Procedures D Safety in and around School Buses
3．
In the age of reality television success isn’t the only way to the public eye Failure can also create fame just like William Hung 21 a native of Hong Kong
Hung recently has made an agreement with USbased entertainment firms Koch Records and Fuse Music Network They will publish a fulllength record titled The True Idol on April 6
The idol is a civil engineering student at the University of California at Berkeley He did a version of Ricky Martin’s She Bangs on the television show American Idol 3 on January 27 The Fox TV singing contest searches for pop stars among ordinary people In the case of Hung however his act was so bad that the judges cut him off in midact
Hung’s response I already gave my best so I have no regrets at all That’s good because any common person would have found plenty to regret The offkey singing The blue Hawaiian shirt worn with pants pulled up too high The terrible dancing The hips jerking (摇摆) to a beat that did not belong to the song maybe not even to this planet It was by all accounts bad
But it was this very bad act that sold well
Marc Juris president of Fuse explained it this way Every one of us is happily guilty of singing our favorite song at the top of our lungs with complete freedom completely offkey and completely unworried That’s what William did and immediately won the hearts of America
Whatever it is for the moment it’s big Three websites devoted to Hung have gone up on the Internet in the past few weeks Versions of his performance have been remixed with hip hop and technomusic and have made it to the top 10 request list at a Chicago radio station
So what does Hung think of this
There were all these people saying things about me A lot were saying I was very courageous and that I was great on the show but some didn’t have much respect for me and some were kind of mean
Now he says he’s not so sure whether to distance himself from the glamour (魅力) or to accept it Returning to normal hasn’t been easy
9What is the main idea of this passage
A Sometimes an idol behaves quite foolishly
B Hung’s performance attracted the public eye
C How an unsuccessful person became famous
D Success sometimes does not require hard work
10What does the underlined word it in Paragraph 7 refer to
A William Hung B Hung’s bad act C Hung’s website D The public’s opinion
11Which of the following shows the correct order of what happened to Hung
aThe entertainment firms made an agreement with Hung
bThe judges cut Hung off in midact in the singing contest
cHung became popular among Americans
dHung gave a terrible performance though he tried his best
eThree websites put Hung’s funny performance on the Internet
A d b e c a Ba c d b e Ca d b c e Dd b a e c
4．
The poorer mental function seen among alcoholics many of whom also regularly smoke cigarettes may be partially due to the longterm effects of nicotine new research suggests
People who are also smokers are at a much
higher risk Dr Jennifer M Glass of the University
of Michigan’s Addiction Research Center said In her
study cigarette smoking was negatively related to IQ
and thinking she said This finding may seem
counterintuitive since many smokers attest (证明) to
feeling more alert and focused after smoking Indeed
research shows that improved mental functioning is one
of the immediate effects of nicotine exposure Chronic
smoking however is known to have the opposite effect
Studies show that up to 87 percent of alcoholics smoke cigarettes Yet few studies have looked into cigarette smoking as a factor that might explain the cognitive deficits reported among alcoholics
To investigate that association Glass and her colleagues examined brain function among 172 men from the same community including 103 men who abused alcohol
The team found that men with higher scores on the lifetime alcohol problems scale (LAPS) and those who reported a higher number of packyears of smoking both had lower IQ scores
Upon further investigation the researchers found that smoking also appeared to be independently associated with weaker verbal (语言表达力) and visualspatial reasoning (形象化空间推理力) Thus though smoking did not account for all of the decreased neurocognitive functioning observed among the alcohol abusers it did seem to account for some of the effects the report indicates
12 Some people don’t think that cigarette smoking will reduce their IQ and thinking ability because
A they lack common knowledge
B this finding doesn’t agree with their feelings
C they like smoking too much
D some researchers have opposite ideas
13 What’s the purpose of the study that was carried out by Glass and her colleagues
A To study if cigarette smoking can cause the cognitive deficits among alcoholics
B To show that smoking and drinking has much connection with IQ and thinking ability
C To show that smoking and drinking has little connection with IQ and thinking ability
D To prove that smoking has no connection with drinking
14 Which of the following is true
A Smoking can make mental functioning better for a long time
B Glass and her colleagues studied 275 persons in all to investigate the connection
C Half percent of alcoholics smoke cigarettes
D Smoking can also influence a person’s weaker verbal and visualspatial reasoning
15 The passage mainly tells us that
A smoking and drinking can lessen IQ and thinking ability
B how smoking and drinking influence IQ and thinking ability
C people should give up smoking and drinking immediately
D why some people have weaker verbal and visualspatial reasoning
5．
Thousands of years ago people guessed the time of day by watching the sun Laterthey found it was easier to tell the exact time by looking at the shadows Thusthe sundial(日晷) was invented
The sundial proved a useful timepiece in sunny weather Howeveranother type of timepiece was necessary for cloudy weather and night time A sand glass was another common measurer of time Two glass bottles were connected by a very small opening The top bottle was filled with sandwhich dropped slowly into the bottom one in a certain period of time Hourglasses were widely used then Three—minute sand glasses are still used in many homes to time the boiling of eggs
The real ancestor of modern clocks was the water clock In China an early water clock was made up of several bowls Water trickled (滴) from one bowl to another to keep the clock going Visitors to the Beijing Palace Museum can still see the old water clocks showing the time there
In the Middle Ages a waterless clock was invented which worked by means of weights To keep the weight falling at the same speeda system of wheels was invented The pendulum(钟摆) was soon developed to control the speed of the wheels Thus the modern form of clock came into being
16 From the passage we can know that
A The sundial was invented according to the theory that shadows will change regularly at different time
B The sundial was invented 2000 years ago
C The sundial proved a useful timepiece in different weather
D A sand glass was more useful than a sundial to measurer time
17Three minute sand glasses are still used in many homes
Ato boil eggs Bto measure the time of boiling eggs
Cto hold the boiled eggs Dto have eggs boiled
18Which of the following is the correct picture of a sand glass





19If you visit Beijing Palace Museum you
Awill see the old water clocks broken
Bwill find the time shown by the old water clocks is wrong
Ccan find the old water clocks still telling the time there
Dwill find the old water clocks have gone
20In the Middle Ages the weight falling speed of a clock was kept by
Aseveral bowls Ba system of wheels
Ca system of pendulum Dseveral springs


学成果综合检测答案：
1选B细节理解题文章首段第二句提In many cultures respect for older people or those in positions of authority keeps others from expressing their true feelings
知：出长者尊敬许国家会表达真实感受选项B正确
2 选D细节推断题文章第二段第五句话指出But the desire to get ahead of others sometimes causes people unkind and even dishonest说极端竞争性时会误入歧途知D正确答案
3选A果推断题 文章首段中例子证美国直率性格中难推断出美国外国更善批判A正确答案文述美国性格三方面中坦率新事物兴趣作者赞赏视virtue排B第三段第二句话指出Americans are generally viewed as friendly adaptable energetic and kinkhearted排C根段容推断出美国难相处选项D
4 选B旨意题文阐述美国性格作者第二段第二句中提The extremely competitive nature their worst fault第二段倒数第二句提Sometimes they fail to understand and appreciate practices知文章非全说美国优点排A文章第二段两处提美国缺点容C排选项D显然
5选A词义猜测题第段school buses解释说明知道选项A正确
6选D细节理解题题问谁权控制学校班车安全文章第四段讲道National Highway Traffic Safety Administration1977年制定安全措施保护校车中孩子安全推知该机构权校车安全问题制定相关规定权威答案应该DA属非官方B指交通部文中指出review未指出暗示控制C属交通方面
7选B文章结推断题文章段讲国会求交通部发起份调查报告求详考察座位安全带问题时广泛调查校车：部周围安全环境选择B文章未说明交通部采取什措施D确切第三段说家长安全带支持者A第五段指出种代方法未指出会考虑执行C
8选A旨意题通篇文章讲学生坐校车安全问题许赞成求采取更安全措施答案应该选AC较具干扰性然涉bus safety作者表达直接愿文章未具体措施做出定夺B太片面文章讨安全带问题D说法太泛太空具体
9选C旨意题 文章第段…success isn’t the only way to the public eye Failure can also create fame＼表明文章旨意
10选B代词指代题根文推知it应Hung表演
11选D排序题首尾定位法快速确定应选D
12 选B细节理解题原文第二段This finding may seem counterintuitive since many smokers attest to feeling more alert and focused after smoking发现似直觉正相反觉抽完烟反应会更敏捷注意力更集中中知选项B正确
13选A细节推断题原文第三段Yet few studies have looked into cigarette smoking as a factor that might explain the cognitive deficits reported among alcoholics第四段 To investigate that association Glass and her colleagues examined…中知选项A正确
14 选D细节理解题原文段Upon further investigation the researchers found that smoking also appeared to be independently associated with weaker verbal and visualspatial reasoning进步调查研究研究者发现抽烟会直接影响语言表达力形象化空间推理力知选项D正确
15选A旨判断题文中开始便告诉尼古丁体神长期影响某种程度嗜酒成瘾者智力降原中时老烟民接着引詹尼弗·M·格拉斯博士话喝酒抽烟面更危险然文叙述研究者喝酒抽烟影响研究没讲影响见选项A正确
16 选A细节推断题原文第段Laterthey found it was easier to tell the exact time by looking at the shadows Thusthe sundial(日晷) was invented中推测选项A正确选项原文中信息符
17 选B细节理解题 第二段句 Three—minute sand glasses are still used in many homes to time the boiling of eggs知选项B正确
18 选B图文推断题 第二段 Two glass bottles were connected by a small opening知选项B正确
19 选C细节理解题第三段句 Visitors to the Beijing Palace Museum can still see the old water clocks showing the time there知选项C正确
20 选B细节理解题 段第二句 To keep the weight falling at the same speeda system of wheels was invented知选项B正确
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