12. CAPM_2002Stable supply / availability
Component price
Buyer / Seller relationship
with variety of suppliers
Economy of scale
Transaction-based interface
Reacting
Firm order with long LTOLD ParadigmQuick response / agility
Total ownership cost
Strategic partnership
with selected suppliers
Economy of conjunction
Information sharing &
collaboration
Proacting
BTO with short LTNEW Paradigm
DRIVER
Introduction
of
BTO
modelPARADIGM IN OEM SUPPLIER RELATIONSHIP
17. CAPM_2002採購在價值鏈的角色… 主要活動
MTS (Make (and distribute) to Stock)
MTO (Make to Order)
ETO (Engineering to Order)
輔助活動
研發單位的實驗室設備
電算中心的計算機軟件及硬件
銷售人員及高階主管座車的租賃
辦公室的設備
餐廳的食物與飲料
廠務清潔用的材料….
18. Task 101 -CAPM_20025 Rights!採購運疇管理之內涵
Right supplier 從合格的 供應商 處
Right time 在需求的 時間 內
Right price 以合理的 價格
Right quantity 取得正確 數量
Right quality 符合 品質 要求的物品與服務
26. CAPM_2002供應商先期參與 Early Supplier Involvement ESIA practice that brings together one or more selected suppliers with a buyer's product design team early in the product development process. The objective is to utilize the supplier's expertise and experience in developing a product specification that is designed for effective and efficient product roll-out.
供應商先期參與 (Early Supplier Involvement, ESI) 是在規格開發的過程初期,邀請一個或多個經過篩選的供應商,參與買方的產品設計小組的做法。供應商先期參與的目的,是在運用供應商的專業知識以及經驗,來共同設計開發出符合可有效製造的產品規格。
- NAPM Glossary of Key Purchasing Terms
40. CAPM_2002策略材料定位與策略選擇Strategy5
4
3
2
1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5I
N
F
L
U
E
N
C
E
O
NC
O
M
P
A
N
Y
R
E
S
U
L
T
S採購風險公
司
業
績
的
影
響策略元件非關鍵(一般)元件手段元件瓶頸元件策略 = 價格影響力策略 = 聯盟策略 = 統合數量策略 = 減少風險應用競爭
與最佳供應商達成 長期購買合約長期關係
聯盟合約改善物流成本動力
改善行政成本動力替換品/重新設計
減少供應風險轉譯自八月份王瑞斌經理之講稿高高低低
42. CAPM_2002採購供應管理的循環Insourcing/
OutsourcingDevelop
Commodity/Article
Group StrategiesEstablish and
Leverage
a World-class
Supply BaseDevelop and
Manage Supplier
RelationshipsIntegrate Suppliers
Into the new
Product/Process
Develop ProcessIntegrate Suppliers
Into the new
Product/Process
Develop ProcessSupplier
Development
and Quality
ManagementManage Costs
Strategically across
The Supply ChainIIIIIIIVVVIVIIVIIIIntegrated,
Aligned and
Global
43. CAPM_2002事業夥伴關係的種類Partner type例行 合約,低價值資產,庫存 高度承諾供應商承諾本質
Natural of Supplier Commitment依期望利益及供應商承諾本質分類轉譯自八月份王瑞斌經理之講稿期
望
利
益
的
本
質戰術面作業面業務聯盟
Business Alliance基本聯盟
Basic Alliance作業聯盟
Operational Alliance策略聯盟
Strategic Alliance策略面N
A
T
U
R
E
D
E
S
I
R
E
D
B
E
N
E
F
I
T
Routine Contractual, low value assets, inventory High
49. CAPM_2002電腦化的材料管理系統 ComputerUsing
departmentMRP
scheduleHand-written
requisitionReview by
materials plannerReview by
buyerBuyer
changesRevised
requisitionPurchase
order copiesPurchase Order and
acknowledgment formComputerPrinted purchase
requisitionRequisition
entry
50. CAPM_2002第三者網路服務公司
電子資料交換 EDI 買方的
電腦買方的
mailbox供應廠商的
mailbox供應廠商的
電腦供應廠商的
mailbox買方的
mailbox直接傳送
Direct Transmission間接傳送
Indirect Transmission採購文件的電子傳送
63. CAPM_2002學習曲線的應用應用的範疇:
大量人工的使用
連續的生產流程
工續複雜的組裝
長時間的生產
學習曲線為何能影響成本:
當人們在反覆從事一項相同工作的時後,隨著工作次數的增加,每一次所需花費的時間就會減少
生產工具與工程的協調改善
生產工具的調整更有效率 The curve pays off!!
64. CAPM_2002總成本 Total Cost在採購領域中,總成本一般包括採購價格及運送成本,另加間接手續費、檢驗、品質、重(返)工、維護、後續作業、及所有其它採購相關的成本。
「總成本」有時也稱為「總括」成本
(all-in costs)。
65. CAPM_2002Life-Cycle Costing 產品生命週期成本法 LIFE-CYCLE COSTING - A cost-analysis tool that incorporates the purchase price of a piece of equipment and all operating and related costs over the life of the item; including, but not limited to maintenance, downtime, energy costs, as well as salvage value. Life-cycle costing is the concept of total cost of ownership applied to capital acquisitions.
產品生命週期成本法 – 一個成本分析的工具,不但分析公司設備的採購價格,也分析其使用年限間的運作及相關成本,包括維修、停機時間、能源成本等、以及廢物利用的價值。生命週期成本法運用在資產設備類採購,屬於整體擁有成本的一個概念。
#104: Perform cost/benefit analyses on planned acquisitions.; C.P.M. Module: 1
#110: Evaluate competitive offerings to determine the overall best offer for a product/service.; C.P.M. Module: 1
68. CAPM_2002整體擁有成本Total Cost of Ownership - TCO營運成本 In-House Cost:
Storage cost
Operating cost
Maintenance cost購入成本 First-in Cost:
Cost of sourcing
Negotiated price
Transportation cost
Inspection cost
Start-up costLife Cycle
Cost
生命週期成本報廢成本
Disposal Cost
Total Cost of Ownership
TCO
整體擁有成本
69. CAPM_2002Example: Capital Equipment and TCOThese are total cost of ownership calculations for the purchase of a large photocopier.
The cost factors selected as relevant include payment structure, trade-in value of existing copier, transportation, rigging and installation, operator training, service and maintenance, supplies, and spare parts.
The copier will service a large corporate administration center with an anticipated volume of one-half million copies per month. The estimated useful life of the copier is five years.1.682 centsCost Per Copy $471,000Total Cost of Ownership 50,000 Spare parts(drums, rollers, etc.)280,000 Supplies(paper, toner, etc.)45,000 Service and maintenance($10k/yr.)Ongoing expenses: 750 Operator training (@ $150/hr.)300 Rigging and installation450 Transportation (700 lbs.) Onetime expenses:14,500 Payment structure
(Interest - Depreciation)
(Depreciation = Straight line 5 yrs)-20,000 Trade-in value$100,000 List price Financials:Cost TotalExpense Category
70. CAPM_2002對報價供應商能力與責任的審核Offeror capability/offeror responsibility過去的績效 Past performance
產能 Capacity
技術 Skills
商業道德 Integrity
經營本業的時間 Time in business/market
獲得的認證與執照 Certification and licensing財務狀況 Financial factors
運輸條件 Transportation terms
International transportation terms
Domestic transportation terms
材料的可取得性 Availability
交貨期/交貨前置時間 Leadtime
貨物運輸的特殊要求 Logistical concerns
71. CAPM_2002價格 (PRICE) 的構成Indirect
間接費用Direct labor
直接人工費用Direct Material
直接材料費用 Cost of Goods Sold
銷貨成本
(或製造成本)一般行政管理費用 G&A總成本
Total Cost利潤
Profit
價 格
PRICE