Ted英语演讲稿：On what we think we know？知道
i＇m going to try and explain why it is that perhaps we don＇t understand as much as we think we do i＇d like to begin with four questions this is not some sort of cultural thing for the time of year that＇s an injoke by the way
会试着解释 知道东西没知道 想四问题开始种年流行文化问题 刚刚句圈笑话
but these four questions actually are ones that people who even know quite a lot about science find quite hard and they＇re questions that i＇ve asked of science television producers of audiences of science educators so that＇s science teachers and also of sevenyearolds and i find that the sevenyearolds do marginally better than the other audiences which is somewhat surprising
四问题事实 懂科学会觉难应答 问题问科学节目制片 问科学教育背景观众 问教科学老师七岁孩童 发现七岁孩童答 令惊讶
so the first question and you might want to write this down either on a bit of paper physically or a virtual piece of paper in your head and for viewers at home you can try this as well
第问题建议问题记 抄纸想中纸 坐电脑前试著作答
a little seed weighs next to nothing and a tree weighs a lot right i think we agree on that where does the tree get the stuff that makes up this chair right where does all this stuff come from
种籽轻树重想意吧树制成椅子东西 吧东西
(knocks)
(敲椅声)
and your next question is can you light a little torchbulb with a battery a bulb and one piece of wire and would you be able to kind of draw a you don＇t have to draw the diagram but would you be able to draw the diagram if you had to do it or would you just say that＇s actually not possible
问题二否点亮灯泡 1电池1灯泡1条电线 画出述问题图解真画 果需话 画出 会说
the third question is why is it hotter in summer than in winter i think we can probably agree that it is hotter in summer than in winter but why and finally would you be able to and you can sort of scribble it if you like scribble a plan diagram of the solar system showing the shape of the planets＇ orbits would you be able to do that and if you can just scribble a pattern
第三问题什夏天冬天热 家应该意夏天冬天热 简单勾勒出 太阳系面图 呈现出行星轨道运行形状 画出 画出话形状画出
ok now children get their ideas not from teachers as teachers often think but actually from common sense from experience of the world around them from all the things that go on between them and their peers and their carers and their parents and all of that experience and one of the great experts in this field of course was bless him cardinal wolsey be very careful what you get into people＇s heads because it＇s virtually impossible to shift it afterwards right
孩童事物概念老师教 老师时常实际概念常理 孩童周遭世界体验 伴彼交流 保姆父母亲交流验 领域中专家愿安息 渥西教说东西放进闹袋里时候心 东西会改变吧
(laughter)
(笑声)
i＇m not quite sure how he died actually was he beheaded in the end or hung
太清楚死真 断头台吊死
(laughter)
(笑声)
now those questions which of course you＇ve got right and you haven＇t been conferring and so on and i you know normally i would pick people out and humiliate but maybe not in this instance
现回四问题家知道什问题 彼间没讨答案 时惯点站起回答丢脸 次点
a little seed weighs a lot and basically all this stuff 99 percent of this stuff came out of the air now i guarantee that about 85 percent of you or maybe it＇s fewer at ted will have said it comes out of the ground and some people probably two of you will come up and argue with me afterwards and say that actually it comes out of the ground now if that was true we＇d have trucks going round the country filling people＇s gardens in with soil it＇d be a fantastic business but actually we don＇t do that the mass of this comes out of the air now i passed all my biology exams in britain i passed them really well but i still came out of school thinking that that stuff came out of the ground
种籽重基 99空气 相信85许ted会较少 会说木材 许中两位 结束会找争 说木材实 会卡车跑跑 花园填土会棒生意 实际会做 木材材料部分实空气中 英国念书时考生物考必 成绩毕业 木材
second one can you light a little torchbulb with a battery bulb and one piece of wire yes you can and i＇ll show you in a second how to do that now i have some rather bad news which is that i had a piece of video that i was about to show you which unfortunately the sound doesn＇t work in this room so i＇m going to describe to you in true monty python fashion what happens in the video and in the video a group of researchers go to mit on graduation day we chose mit because obviously that＇s a very long way away from here and you wouldn＇t mind too much but it sort of works the same way in britain and in the west coast of the usa and we asked them these questions and we asked those questions of science graduates and they couldn＇t answer them and so there＇s a whole lot of people saying i＇d be very surprised if you told me that this came out of the air that＇s very surprising to me and those are science graduates and we intercut it with we are the premier science university in the world because of britishlike hubris
枚电池根电线点亮灯泡 会示范做 现坏消息 影片家 惜边声音放出 口头描述巨蟒剧团表演方式 影片容样影片里群研究员 毕业典礼天麻省理工学院 什麻省理工呢离里远 家会太介意 场景设英国结果差 设美国西岸 问麻省理工毕业生四问题 理工科毕业生答出 学生表示 惊讶说木材空气中
真吃惊理工毕业生说 全球第理工学作影片结尾 英国傲慢
(laughter)
(笑声)
and when we gave graduate engineers that question they said it couldn＇t be done and when we gave them a battery and a piece of wire and a bulb and said can you do it they couldn＇t do it right and that＇s no different from imperial college in london by the way it＇s not some sort of antiamerican thing going on
第二问题问硕士毕业工程师 说做 电池电线灯泡 问做没办法吧 道提伦敦帝国学院情况估计差 做什反美事
as if now the reason this matters is we pay lots and lots of money for teaching people we might as well get it right and there are also some societal reasons why we might want people to understand what it is that＇s happening in photosynthesis for example one half of the carbon equation is how much we emit and the other half of the carbon equation as i＇m very conscious as a trustee of kew is how much things soak up and they soak up carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere
然听颇问题关键花钱 教育众应该正确做件事 中社会素 想众解光合作运作 例半碳储量类排放 半碳储量 相关切身皇家植物园受托理
that＇s what plants actually do for a living and for any finnish people in the audience this is a finnish pun we are both literally and metaphorically skating on thin ice if we don＇t understand that kind of thingnow here＇s how you do the battery and the bulb it＇s so easy isn＇t it of course you all knew that but if you haven＇t played with a battery and a bulb if you＇ve only seen a circuit diagram you might not be able to do that and that＇s one of the problems
植物吸收少二氧化碳 植物维生 果场芬兰芬兰话双关语 实际隐喻履薄冰 明白事 电池灯泡做行 简单懂 没亲手碰电池灯泡 果电路图 做出麻烦
so why is it hotter in summer than in winter we learn as children that you get closer to something that＇s hot and it burns you it＇s a very powerful bit of learning and it happens pretty early on by extension we think to ourselves why it＇s hotter in summer than in winter must be because we＇re closer to the sun i promise you that most of you will have got that oh you＇re all shaking your heads but only a few of you are shaking your heads very firmly
夏天冬天热 知道离热东西太 烫真效教育方法 时候家学 延伸点觉夏天冬天热 定离太阳较 相信懂 哦家摇头 摇坚定
other ones are kind of going like this all right it＇s hotter in summer than in winter because the rays from the sun are spread out more right because of the tilt of the earth and if you think the tilt is tilting us closer no it isn＇t the sun is 93 million miles away and we＇re tilting like this right it makes no odds in fact in the northern hemisphere we＇re further from the sun in summer as it happens but it makes no odds the difference
样子摇已吧 夏天冬天热太阳辐射线 传播较球倾斜关系 果太阳方倾斜错 太阳离球1亿5千万公里球倾斜角度略 倾斜差北半球 夏天时离太阳更远 倾斜没关系
ok now the scribble of the diagram of the solar system if you believe as most of you probably do that it＇s hotter in summer than in winter because we＇re closer to the sun you must have drawn an ellipse right that would explain it right except in your you＇re nodding now in your ellipse have you thought well what happens during the night
问题四画出太阳系面图 果家相信数相信 夏天冬天热球离太阳较 家应该画椭圆形 吧解释吧 非点头画椭圆形 想「夜晚回事」
between australia and here right they＇ve got summer and we＇ve got winter and what does the earth kind of rush towards the sun at night and then rush back again i mean it＇s a very strange thing going on and we hold these two models in our head of what＇s right and what isn＇t right and we do that as human beings in all sorts of fields
澳洲美国边澳洲夏天 边冬天难道说 球晚会太阳 然回实奇怪 脑中两种思考模式错 身类领域样思考
so here＇s copernicus＇ view of what the solar system looked like as a plan that＇s pretty much what you should have on your piece of paper right and this is nasa＇s view they＇re stunningly similar i hope you notice the coincidence here
左边哥白尼画太阳系面图 纸画差吧 右边nasa版两张图非常相似 希家注意中巧合 知道错误观念
what would you do if you knew that people had this misconception right in their heads of elliptical orbits caused by our experiences as children what sort of diagram would you show them of the solar system to show that it＇s not really like that you＇d show them something like this wouldn＇t you it＇s a plan looking down from above but no look what i found in the textbooks that＇s what you show people right
会做 脑中圆形轨道 时验教 会什样太阳系示意图 证明太阳系想样 会种图 俯瞰面图 非瞧瞧教科书里找 会种图吧
these are from textbooks from websites educational websites and almost anything you pick up is like that and the reason it＇s like that is because it＇s dead boring to have a load of concentric circles whereas that＇s much more exciting to look at something at that angle isn＇t it right
出教科书 出教育网站 找种图 会种视角呈现 堆心圆太死板趣 种视角太阳系较新鲜刺激
and by doing it at that angle if you＇ve got that misconception in your head then that twodimensional representation of a threedimensional thing will be ellipses so you＇ve it＇s crap isn＇t it really as we say
弄成种视角 果脑中种误解 二度空间呈现三度空间会变成椭圆形 真糟糕
so these mental models we look for evidence that reinforces our models we do this of course with matters of race and politics and everything else and we do it in science as well so we look just look and scientists do it constantly we look for evidence that reinforces our models and some folks are just all too able and willing to provide the evidence that reinforces the models
寻求证增强心智模式 种方式处理种族政治事 然种方式处理科学观 科学家做断寻求证 增强心智模式办法 乐意提供证增强模式
so being i＇m in the united states i＇ll have a dig at the europeans these are examples of what i would say is bad practice in science teaching centers
现美国会说欧洲坏话 图片认良科学教育
these pictures are from la villette in france and the welcome wing of the science museum in london and if you look at the kind of the way these things are constructed there＇s a lot of mediation by glass and it＇s very blue and kind of professional in that way that you know woody allen comes up from under the sheets in that scene in annie hall and said god that＇s so professional and that you don＇t there＇s no passion in it and it＇s not hands on right and you know pun intended
类似教学中心图取法国维叶特科博馆 伦敦科博馆迎宾翼展示区 东西建成模样 玻璃隔板蓝光色调弄专业似 种方式伍迪艾伦床单里出 安妮霍尔戏中幕 说老天真太专业 中没热情没动手参 双关教学方法
whereas good interpretation i＇ll use an example from nearby is san francisco exploratorium where all the things that the demonstrations and so on are made out of everyday objects that children can understand it＇s very handson and they can engage with and experiment with and i know that if the graduates at mit and in the imperial college in london had had the battery and the wire and the bit of stuff and you know been able to do it they would have learned how it actually works rather than thinking that they follow circuit diagrams and can＇t do it so good interpretation is more about things that are bodged and stuffed and of my world right and things that where there isn＇t an extra barrier of a piece of glass or machined titanium and it all looks fantastic ok
举例子离里旧金山探索馆 里东西展示品类 孩子懂日常品做成 动手玩孩子专心玩体验 知道麻省理工毕业生 伦敦帝国学院毕业生 手电池电线点亮灯泡话
会明白中原理 觉着电路图做做 教学方法 沉溺陶醉世界里吧 东西该隔着 玻璃钛制品隔开 起漂亮
and the exploratorium does that really really well and it＇s amateur but amateur in the best sense in other words the root of the word being of love and passion
旧金山探索馆点做非常 业余业余头 说根出发点出爱热情
so children are not empty vessels okso as monty python would have it this is a bit lord privy seal to say so but this is children are not empty vessels
孩童空瓶子 巨蟒剧团说法 点英国掌玺臣会说 意思说孩童空物瓶子
they come with their own ideas and their own theories and unless you work with those then you won＇t be able to shift them right
生想法理念 果没方着手改变 吧
and i probably haven＇t shifted your ideas of how the world and universe operates either but this applies equally to matters of trying to sell new technology
概没改变家想法 世界宇宙底运作 道理样推销新科技
for example we are in britain we＇re trying to do a digital switchover of the whole population into digital technology [for television]
例英国试着全部电视 换成新科技数位电视
and it＇s one of the difficult things is that when people have preconceptions of how it all works it＇s quite difficult to shift those
难题 事物运作方式旦成见 难改变
so we＇re not empty vessels the mental models that we have as children persist into adulthood poor teaching actually does more harm than good
空瓶子保心智模式 幼年成年直存 良教学弊利
in this country and in britain magnetism is understood better by children before they＇ve been to school than afterwards ok same for gravity two concepts so it＇s which is quite humbling as a you know if you＇re a teacher and you look before and after that＇s quite worrying they do worse in tests afterwards after the teaching
美国英国磁力知识 孩童学前学较 重力知识样两概念实悲 果老师见受教前受教差 实令忧心学童受教考更差
and we collude we design tests or at least in britain so that people pass them right and governments do very well they pat themselves on the back ok
犯设计测验方式 少英国样通考试 政府帮少忙推波助澜 懂
we collude and actually if you if someone had designed a test for me when i was doing my biology exams to really understand to see whether i＇d understood more than just kind of putting starch and iodine together and seeing it go blue and really understood that plants took their mass out of the air then i might have done better at science so the most important thing is to get people to articulate their models
犯 果设计测验 考生物时候 真正明白明白否真懂 淀粉中加入碘液 着反应呈现蓝色
真正明白植物空气中茁壮 科学会学较 重表述清楚模型
your homework is you know how does an aircraft＇s wing create lift an obvious question and you＇ll have an answer now in your heads and the second question to that then is ensure you＇ve explained how it is that planes can fly upside down ah ha right
回家作业机翼样帮助飞机起飞 问题懂家心中答案 注意事项 确保解释飞机头时候飞 吧
second question is why is the sea blue all right and you＇ve all got an idea in your head of the answer so why is it blue on cloudy days ah see
问题二海蓝色 家心中应该答案 什阴天时海蓝吧 (笑声) 直想美国讲句话
(laughter)
(笑声)
i＇ve always wanted to say that in this country (laughter) finally my plea to you is to allow yourselves and your children and anyone you know to kind of fiddle with stuff because it＇s by fiddling with things that you you know you complement your other learning it＇s not a replacement it＇s just part of learning that＇s important thank you very much now oh oh yeah go on then go on
希家孩子 认识动手接触事物 亲接触事物知道 补足方面学足换 学中重部分 谢谢家 噢没关系继续吧
(applause)
(鼓掌)
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i＇m going to try and explain why it is that perhaps we don＇t understand as much as we think we do i＇d like to begin with four questions this is not some sort of cultural thing for the time of year that＇s an injoke by the way
会试着解释 知道东西没知道 想四问题开始种年流行文化问题 刚刚句圈笑话
but these four questions actually are ones that people who even know quite a lot about science find quite hard and they＇re questions that i＇ve asked of science television producers of audiences of science educators so that＇s science teachers and also of sevenyearolds and i find that the sevenyearolds do marginally better than the other audiences which is somewhat surprising
四问题事实 懂科学会觉难应答 问题问科学节目制片 问科学教育背景观众 问教科学老师七岁孩童 发现七岁孩童答 令惊讶
so the first question and you might want to write this down either on a bit of paper physically or a virtual piece of paper in your head and for viewers at home you can try this as well
第问题建议问题记 抄纸想中纸 坐电脑前试著作答
a little seed weighs next to nothing and a tree weighs a lot right i think we agree on that where does the tree get the stuff that makes up this chair right where does all this stuff come from
种籽轻树重想意吧树制成椅子东西 吧东西
(knocks)
(敲椅声)
and your next question is can you light a little torchbulb with a battery a bulb and one piece of wire and would you be able to kind of draw a you don＇t have to draw the diagram but would you be able to draw the diagram if you had to do it or would you just say that＇s actually not possible
问题二否点亮灯泡 1电池1灯泡1条电线 画出述问题图解真画 果需话 画出 会说
the third question is why is it hotter in summer than in winter i think we can probably agree that it is hotter in summer than in winter but why and finally would you be able to and you can sort of scribble it if you like scribble a plan diagram of the solar system showing the shape of the planets＇ orbits would you be able to do that and if you can just scribble a pattern
第三问题什夏天冬天热 家应该意夏天冬天热 简单勾勒出 太阳系面图 呈现出行星轨道运行形状 画出 画出话形状画出
ok now children get their ideas not from teachers as teachers often think but actually from common sense from experience of the world around them from all the things that go on between them and their peers and their carers and their parents and all of that experience and one of the great experts in this field of course was bless him cardinal wolsey be very careful what you get into people＇s heads because it＇s virtually impossible to shift it afterwards right
孩童事物概念老师教 老师时常实际概念常理 孩童周遭世界体验 伴彼交流 保姆父母亲交流验 领域中专家愿安息 渥西教说东西放进闹袋里时候心 东西会改变吧
(laughter)
(笑声)
i＇m not quite sure how he died actually was he beheaded in the end or hung
太清楚死真 断头台吊死
(laughter)
(笑声)
now those questions which of course you＇ve got right and you haven＇t been conferring and so on and i you know normally i would pick people out and humiliate but maybe not in this instance
现回四问题家知道什问题 彼间没讨答案 时惯点站起回答丢脸 次点
a little seed weighs a lot and basically all this stuff 99 percent of this stuff came out of the air now i guarantee that about 85 percent of you or maybe it＇s fewer at ted will have said it comes out of the ground and some people probably two of you will come up and argue with me afterwards and say that actually it comes out of the ground now if that was true we＇d have trucks going round the country filling people＇s gardens in with soil it＇d be a fantastic business but actually we don＇t do that the mass of this comes out of the air now i passed all my biology exams in britain i passed them really well but i still came out of school thinking that that stuff came out of the ground
种籽重基 99空气 相信85许ted会较少 会说木材 许中两位 结束会找争 说木材实 会卡车跑跑 花园填土会棒生意 实际会做 木材材料部分实空气中 英国念书时考生物考必 成绩毕业 木材
second one can you light a little torchbulb with a battery bulb and one piece of wire yes you can and i＇ll show you in a second how to do that now i have some rather bad news which is that i had a piece of video that i was about to show you which unfortunately the sound doesn＇t work in this room so i＇m going to describe to you in true monty python fashion what happens in the video and in the video a group of researchers go to mit on graduation day we chose mit because obviously that＇s a very long way away from here and you wouldn＇t mind too much but it sort of works the same way in britain and in the west coast of the usa and we asked them these questions and we asked those questions of science graduates and they couldn＇t answer them and so there＇s a whole lot of people saying i＇d be very surprised if you told me that this came out of the air that＇s very surprising to me and those are science graduates and we intercut it with we are the premier science university in the world because of britishlike hubris
枚电池根电线点亮灯泡 会示范做 现坏消息 影片家 惜边声音放出 口头描述巨蟒剧团表演方式 影片容样影片里群研究员 毕业典礼天麻省理工学院 什麻省理工呢离里远 家会太介意 场景设英国结果差 设美国西岸 问麻省理工毕业生四问题 理工科毕业生答出 学生表示 惊讶说木材空气中
真吃惊理工毕业生说 全球第理工学作影片结尾 英国傲慢
(laughter)
(笑声)
and when we gave graduate engineers that question they said it couldn＇t be done and when we gave them a battery and a piece of wire and a bulb and said can you do it they couldn＇t do it right and that＇s no different from imperial college in london by the way it＇s not some sort of antiamerican thing going on
第二问题问硕士毕业工程师 说做 电池电线灯泡 问做没办法吧 道提伦敦帝国学院情况估计差 做什反美事
as if now the reason this matters is we pay lots and lots of money for teaching people we might as well get it right and there are also some societal reasons why we might want people to understand what it is that＇s happening in photosynthesis for example one half of the carbon equation is how much we emit and the other half of the carbon equation as i＇m very conscious as a trustee of kew is how much things soak up and they soak up carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere
然听颇问题关键花钱 教育众应该正确做件事 中社会素 想众解光合作运作 例半碳储量类排放 半碳储量 相关切身皇家植物园受托理
that＇s what plants actually do for a living and for any finnish people in the audience this is a finnish pun we are both literally and metaphorically skating on thin ice if we don＇t understand that kind of thingnow here＇s how you do the battery and the bulb it＇s so easy isn＇t it of course you all knew that but if you haven＇t played with a battery and a bulb if you＇ve only seen a circuit diagram you might not be able to do that and that＇s one of the problems
植物吸收少二氧化碳 植物维生 果场芬兰芬兰话双关语 实际隐喻履薄冰 明白事 电池灯泡做行 简单懂 没亲手碰电池灯泡 果电路图 做出麻烦
so why is it hotter in summer than in winter we learn as children that you get closer to something that＇s hot and it burns you it＇s a very powerful bit of learning and it happens pretty early on by extension we think to ourselves why it＇s hotter in summer than in winter must be because we＇re closer to the sun i promise you that most of you will have got that oh you＇re all shaking your heads but only a few of you are shaking your heads very firmly
夏天冬天热 知道离热东西太 烫真效教育方法 时候家学 延伸点觉夏天冬天热 定离太阳较 相信懂 哦家摇头 摇坚定
other ones are kind of going like this all right it＇s hotter in summer than in winter because the rays from the sun are spread out more right because of the tilt of the earth and if you think the tilt is tilting us closer no it isn＇t the sun is 93 million miles away and we＇re tilting like this right it makes no odds in fact in the northern hemisphere we＇re further from the sun in summer as it happens but it makes no odds the difference
样子摇已吧 夏天冬天热太阳辐射线 传播较球倾斜关系 果太阳方倾斜错 太阳离球1亿5千万公里球倾斜角度略 倾斜差北半球 夏天时离太阳更远 倾斜没关系
ok now the scribble of the diagram of the solar system if you believe as most of you probably do that it＇s hotter in summer than in winter because we＇re closer to the sun you must have drawn an ellipse right that would explain it right except in your you＇re nodding now in your ellipse have you thought well what happens during the night
问题四画出太阳系面图 果家相信数相信 夏天冬天热球离太阳较 家应该画椭圆形 吧解释吧 非点头画椭圆形 想「夜晚回事」
between australia and here right they＇ve got summer and we＇ve got winter and what does the earth kind of rush towards the sun at night and then rush back again i mean it＇s a very strange thing going on and we hold these two models in our head of what＇s right and what isn＇t right and we do that as human beings in all sorts of fields
澳洲美国边澳洲夏天 边冬天难道说 球晚会太阳 然回实奇怪 脑中两种思考模式错 身类领域样思考
so here＇s copernicus＇ view of what the solar system looked like as a plan that＇s pretty much what you should have on your piece of paper right and this is nasa＇s view they＇re stunningly similar i hope you notice the coincidence here
左边哥白尼画太阳系面图 纸画差吧 右边nasa版两张图非常相似 希家注意中巧合 知道错误观念
what would you do if you knew that people had this misconception right in their heads of elliptical orbits caused by our experiences as children what sort of diagram would you show them of the solar system to show that it＇s not really like that you＇d show them something like this wouldn＇t you it＇s a plan looking down from above but no look what i found in the textbooks that＇s what you show people right
会做 脑中圆形轨道 时验教 会什样太阳系示意图 证明太阳系想样 会种图 俯瞰面图 非瞧瞧教科书里找 会种图吧
these are from textbooks from websites educational websites and almost anything you pick up is like that and the reason it＇s like that is because it＇s dead boring to have a load of concentric circles whereas that＇s much more exciting to look at something at that angle isn＇t it right
出教科书 出教育网站 找种图 会种视角呈现 堆心圆太死板趣 种视角太阳系较新鲜刺激
and by doing it at that angle if you＇ve got that misconception in your head then that twodimensional representation of a threedimensional thing will be ellipses so you＇ve it＇s crap isn＇t it really as we say
弄成种视角 果脑中种误解 二度空间呈现三度空间会变成椭圆形 真糟糕
so these mental models we look for evidence that reinforces our models we do this of course with matters of race and politics and everything else and we do it in science as well so we look just look and scientists do it constantly we look for evidence that reinforces our models and some folks are just all too able and willing to provide the evidence that reinforces the models
寻求证增强心智模式 种方式处理种族政治事 然种方式处理科学观 科学家做断寻求证 增强心智模式办法 乐意提供证增强模式
so being i＇m in the united states i＇ll have a dig at the europeans these are examples of what i would say is bad practice in science teaching centers
现美国会说欧洲坏话 图片认良科学教育
these pictures are from la villette in france and the welcome wing of the science museum in london and if you look at the kind of the way these things are constructed there＇s a lot of mediation by glass and it＇s very blue and kind of professional in that way that you know woody allen comes up from under the sheets in that scene in annie hall and said god that＇s so professional and that you don＇t there＇s no passion in it and it＇s not hands on right and you know pun intended
类似教学中心图取法国维叶特科博馆 伦敦科博馆迎宾翼展示区 东西建成模样 玻璃隔板蓝光色调弄专业似 种方式伍迪艾伦床单里出 安妮霍尔戏中幕 说老天真太专业 中没热情没动手参 双关教学方法
whereas good interpretation i＇ll use an example from nearby is san francisco exploratorium where all the things that the demonstrations and so on are made out of everyday objects that children can understand it＇s very handson and they can engage with and experiment with and i know that if the graduates at mit and in the imperial college in london had had the battery and the wire and the bit of stuff and you know been able to do it they would have learned how it actually works rather than thinking that they follow circuit diagrams and can＇t do it so good interpretation is more about things that are bodged and stuffed and of my world right and things that where there isn＇t an extra barrier of a piece of glass or machined titanium and it all looks fantastic ok
举例子离里旧金山探索馆 里东西展示品类 孩子懂日常品做成 动手玩孩子专心玩体验 知道麻省理工毕业生 伦敦帝国学院毕业生 手电池电线点亮灯泡话
会明白中原理 觉着电路图做做 教学方法 沉溺陶醉世界里吧 东西该隔着 玻璃钛制品隔开 起漂亮
and the exploratorium does that really really well and it＇s amateur but amateur in the best sense in other words the root of the word being of love and passion
旧金山探索馆点做非常 业余业余头 说根出发点出爱热情
so children are not empty vessels okso as monty python would have it this is a bit lord privy seal to say so but this is children are not empty vessels
孩童空瓶子 巨蟒剧团说法 点英国掌玺臣会说 意思说孩童空物瓶子
they come with their own ideas and their own theories and unless you work with those then you won＇t be able to shift them right
生想法理念 果没方着手改变 吧
and i probably haven＇t shifted your ideas of how the world and universe operates either but this applies equally to matters of trying to sell new technology
概没改变家想法 世界宇宙底运作 道理样推销新科技
for example we are in britain we＇re trying to do a digital switchover of the whole population into digital technology [for television]
例英国试着全部电视 换成新科技数位电视
and it＇s one of the difficult things is that when people have preconceptions of how it all works it＇s quite difficult to shift those
难题 事物运作方式旦成见 难改变
so we＇re not empty vessels the mental models that we have as children persist into adulthood poor teaching actually does more harm than good
空瓶子保心智模式 幼年成年直存 良教学弊利
in this country and in britain magnetism is understood better by children before they＇ve been to school than afterwards ok same for gravity two concepts so it＇s which is quite humbling as a you know if you＇re a teacher and you look before and after that＇s quite worrying they do worse in tests afterwards after the teaching
美国英国磁力知识 孩童学前学较 重力知识样两概念实悲 果老师见受教前受教差 实令忧心学童受教考更差
and we collude we design tests or at least in britain so that people pass them right and governments do very well they pat themselves on the back ok
犯设计测验方式 少英国样通考试 政府帮少忙推波助澜 懂
we collude and actually if you if someone had designed a test for me when i was doing my biology exams to really understand to see whether i＇d understood more than just kind of putting starch and iodine together and seeing it go blue and really understood that plants took their mass out of the air then i might have done better at science so the most important thing is to get people to articulate their models
犯 果设计测验 考生物时候 真正明白明白否真懂 淀粉中加入碘液 着反应呈现蓝色
真正明白植物空气中茁壮 科学会学较 重表述清楚模型
your homework is you know how does an aircraft＇s wing create lift an obvious question and you＇ll have an answer now in your heads and the second question to that then is ensure you＇ve explained how it is that planes can fly upside down ah ha right
回家作业机翼样帮助飞机起飞 问题懂家心中答案 注意事项 确保解释飞机头时候飞 吧
second question is why is the sea blue all right and you＇ve all got an idea in your head of the answer so why is it blue on cloudy days ah see
问题二海蓝色 家心中应该答案 什阴天时海蓝吧 (笑声) 直想美国讲句话
(laughter)
(笑声)
i＇ve always wanted to say that in this country (laughter) finally my plea to you is to allow yourselves and your children and anyone you know to kind of fiddle with stuff because it＇s by fiddling with things that you you know you complement your other learning it＇s not a replacement it＇s just part of learning that＇s important thank you very much now oh oh yeah go on then go on
希家孩子 认识动手接触事物 亲接触事物知道 补足方面学足换 学中重部分 谢谢家 噢没关系继续吧
(applause)
(鼓掌)
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