英语中构词法三种转化法合成法派生法
转化法
英语中单词种词性转化种种词性词形变方法做转化法
1 动词转化名词
Let me have a try
试试
They are only allowed to sell soft drinks at school
学校里准许出售含酒精饮料
2 名词转化动词
He shouldered his way through the crowd
肩膀推开群前进
The smell from the kitchen made his mouth water
厨房传气味流口水
3 形容词转化动词
We will try our best to better our living conditions
力改善生活状况
They tried to perfect the working conditions
努力改善工作条件
4 形容词转化名词
He didn’t know the difference between right and wrong
辨非
The old in our village are living a happy life
村老年着幸福生活
5 形容词转化副词
How long have you lived there
住久
6 词定场合中转化名词
Warm clothes are a must in the mountains
穿暖衣服山区必须
Life is full of ups and downs
生意时失意时
His argument contains too many ifs and buts
辩中含太果
二合成法
两两单词连起合成新词种构词法做合成法合成词做合成词合成词般词知意
1 合成名词
名词代词+名词 newspaper bloodtest shewolf
动词+名词 typewriter pickpocket daybreak
形容词+名词 greenhouse highway
副词+名词 overcoat outside
名词+vingving +名词 handwriting readingroom freezingpoint
动词+副词 副词+ 动词 breakthrough gettogether outbreak outcome
名词+介词+名词 sisterinlaw editorinchief
2 合成形容词
名词+形容词形容词+名词 worldfamous dutyfree largescale long term
副词+形容词 overanxious evergreen
名词+分词 manmade sunburnt
名词+现分词 peaceloving Englishspeaking
形容词+现分词 goodlooking easygoing
副词+分词 wellinformed widespread
副词+现分词 hardworking farreaching
形容词+名词+ed warmhearted absentminded
数词+名词+ed threelegged tenstoried
数词+名词 oneway five–star
数词+名词+形容词 tenyearold 800meterlong
名词+to+名词 face –toface door to door
3 合成动词
名词+动词 babysit sleepwalk
副词+动词 outnumber underestimate overwork
形容词+动词 whitewash
4 合成副词
形容词+名词 meanwhile anyway
形容词+副词 everywhere anyhow
副词+副词 however
介词+名词 beforehand overhead
介词+副词 forever
5 合成代词
代词宾格+selfselves herself themselves
物代词+selfselves myself yourselves
形容词+名词 anything nothing
6 合成介词
副词+名词 inside outside
介词+副词 without within
副词+介词 into
三派生法
词加前缀缀构成原单词意义相截然相反新词做派生法
1 前缀
少数前缀外前缀般改变单词意义改变单词词性
(1)表示否定意义前缀
un unhappy unfinished undress
dis disagree disbelieve
in [il(字母l前)im (字母mbp前)ir (字母r前)] inaccurate illegal impolite imbalance irregular
mis misbehave mislead mistake
non nonstop nonsmoker
(2)表示意义前缀
en ……enrich enlarge encourage
inter 相互international intercontinental
re 重rethink retell recycle
tele 远程telescope telephone telegraph
auto 动automatic automobile
co coworker cooperate coexist
anti 反抵抗antiwar antifreeze antinuclear
multi multistory multicultural multicolor
bi 双二bicycle bilingual bilateral
micro 极微microwave microcomputer
over 太分overwork overdo overestimate
self 身selfcentered selfconfident selfcontrol
under ……面……足underline underground underestimate underrate
2 缀
(1)形容词缀
able ……具……acceptable drinkable knowledgeable reasonable
al ……关physical magical political
an 属某方American African
ern 方southern northern eastern
ful less (没)……helpful useful homeless hopeless
ish …………特征foolish childish selfish
ive ……倾active attractive expensive
en ……制成golden wooden woolen
ous (性质)famous dangerous poisonous
ly ……性质friendly yearly daily
y 构成形容词noisy dusty cloudy
(2)名词缀
er or 表具 farmer baker visitor professor cooker container
ese 某国()Chinese Japanese
ian 某国某精通……musician Asian Russian technician
ist 某种义职业者physicist scientist communistsocialist
ess 表女性雌性hostess actress princess
ment 行状态government movement achievement
ness 性质状态illness sadness carelessness
tion 动作程结果invention organization translation
ance ence 抽象行性质状态importance appearance absence existence
th 性质情况 depth warmth truth
ful (满)量handful spoonful mouthful
(a)bility 抽象性质状态possibility disability reliability
al 程状态survival arrival approval
y 性质情况modesty delivery honesty
dom 处……状态性质freedom boredom
age 状态行身份结果courage storage marriage
(3)动词缀
fy ify 变 simplify beautify purify
en 成变 shorten deepen sadden
ize 成 apologize realize specialize
(4)副词缀
ly 方式程度 freely truly angrily
ward(s) …… towards forward upwards
(5)数词缀
teen 十 fourteen eighteen thirteen
ty 整十位数 forty fifty sixty
th 序数词 twelfth twentieth
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转化法
英语中单词种词性转化种种词性词形变方法做转化法
1 动词转化名词
Let me have a try
试试
They are only allowed to sell soft drinks at school
学校里准许出售含酒精饮料
2 名词转化动词
He shouldered his way through the crowd
肩膀推开群前进
The smell from the kitchen made his mouth water
厨房传气味流口水
3 形容词转化动词
We will try our best to better our living conditions
力改善生活状况
They tried to perfect the working conditions
努力改善工作条件
4 形容词转化名词
He didn’t know the difference between right and wrong
辨非
The old in our village are living a happy life
村老年着幸福生活
5 形容词转化副词
How long have you lived there
住久
6 词定场合中转化名词
Warm clothes are a must in the mountains
穿暖衣服山区必须
Life is full of ups and downs
生意时失意时
His argument contains too many ifs and buts
辩中含太果
二合成法
两两单词连起合成新词种构词法做合成法合成词做合成词合成词般词知意
1 合成名词
名词代词+名词 newspaper bloodtest shewolf
动词+名词 typewriter pickpocket daybreak
形容词+名词 greenhouse highway
副词+名词 overcoat outside
名词+vingving +名词 handwriting readingroom freezingpoint
动词+副词 副词+ 动词 breakthrough gettogether outbreak outcome
名词+介词+名词 sisterinlaw editorinchief
2 合成形容词
名词+形容词形容词+名词 worldfamous dutyfree largescale long term
副词+形容词 overanxious evergreen
名词+分词 manmade sunburnt
名词+现分词 peaceloving Englishspeaking
形容词+现分词 goodlooking easygoing
副词+分词 wellinformed widespread
副词+现分词 hardworking farreaching
形容词+名词+ed warmhearted absentminded
数词+名词+ed threelegged tenstoried
数词+名词 oneway five–star
数词+名词+形容词 tenyearold 800meterlong
名词+to+名词 face –toface door to door
3 合成动词
名词+动词 babysit sleepwalk
副词+动词 outnumber underestimate overwork
形容词+动词 whitewash
4 合成副词
形容词+名词 meanwhile anyway
形容词+副词 everywhere anyhow
副词+副词 however
介词+名词 beforehand overhead
介词+副词 forever
5 合成代词
代词宾格+selfselves herself themselves
物代词+selfselves myself yourselves
形容词+名词 anything nothing
6 合成介词
副词+名词 inside outside
介词+副词 without within
副词+介词 into
三派生法
词加前缀缀构成原单词意义相截然相反新词做派生法
1 前缀
少数前缀外前缀般改变单词意义改变单词词性
(1)表示否定意义前缀
un unhappy unfinished undress
dis disagree disbelieve
in [il(字母l前)im (字母mbp前)ir (字母r前)] inaccurate illegal impolite imbalance irregular
mis misbehave mislead mistake
non nonstop nonsmoker
(2)表示意义前缀
en ……enrich enlarge encourage
inter 相互international intercontinental
re 重rethink retell recycle
tele 远程telescope telephone telegraph
auto 动automatic automobile
co coworker cooperate coexist
anti 反抵抗antiwar antifreeze antinuclear
multi multistory multicultural multicolor
bi 双二bicycle bilingual bilateral
micro 极微microwave microcomputer
over 太分overwork overdo overestimate
self 身selfcentered selfconfident selfcontrol
under ……面……足underline underground underestimate underrate
2 缀
(1)形容词缀
able ……具……acceptable drinkable knowledgeable reasonable
al ……关physical magical political
an 属某方American African
ern 方southern northern eastern
ful less (没)……helpful useful homeless hopeless
ish …………特征foolish childish selfish
ive ……倾active attractive expensive
en ……制成golden wooden woolen
ous (性质)famous dangerous poisonous
ly ……性质friendly yearly daily
y 构成形容词noisy dusty cloudy
(2)名词缀
er or 表具 farmer baker visitor professor cooker container
ese 某国()Chinese Japanese
ian 某国某精通……musician Asian Russian technician
ist 某种义职业者physicist scientist communistsocialist
ess 表女性雌性hostess actress princess
ment 行状态government movement achievement
ness 性质状态illness sadness carelessness
tion 动作程结果invention organization translation
ance ence 抽象行性质状态importance appearance absence existence
th 性质情况 depth warmth truth
ful (满)量handful spoonful mouthful
(a)bility 抽象性质状态possibility disability reliability
al 程状态survival arrival approval
y 性质情况modesty delivery honesty
dom 处……状态性质freedom boredom
age 状态行身份结果courage storage marriage
(3)动词缀
fy ify 变 simplify beautify purify
en 成变 shorten deepen sadden
ize 成 apologize realize specialize
(4)副词缀
ly 方式程度 freely truly angrily
ward(s) …… towards forward upwards
(5)数词缀
teen 十 fourteen eighteen thirteen
ty 整十位数 forty fifty sixty
th 序数词 twelfth twentieth
文档香网(httpswwwxiangdangnet)户传
《香当网》用户分享的内容，不代表《香当网》观点或立场，请自行判断内容的真实性和可靠性！
该内容是文档的文本内容，更好的格式请下载文档
