机密★启前
2021年普通高等学校招生全国统考试
北京卷·英语
试卷11页100分．考试时长90分钟．考生务必答题卡指定区域作答试卷作答效．考试结束试卷答题卡交回．
第部分 知识运（两节30分）
第节（10题题15分15分）
阅读面短文掌握意题ABCD四选项中选出佳选项答题卡该项涂黑．
RecentlyI took a trip home by train．I got a seat opposite a middleaged man with sharp eyeswho kept 1 a young woman in a window seat with a little boy on her lap．The woman＇s eye fell on the man＇s faceand she immediately looked down and 2 her scarf．
As the night wore onpeople began to close their eyesbut the seats were so uncomfortable that only a very heavy sleeper could manage to get any 3 ．The woman looked over at the man．He was still staring at her．She looked back at him with fire in her eyes．I was beginning to get 4 too．
The train moved on．The little boy was 5 awake on his mother＇s lapbut the woman dropped off to sleep．A moment laterhe began to 6 the halfopen window—one leg went over it．The man jumped up and 7 the child just before he fell out．
The 8 woke up the woman．She seemed to be in 9 and then reality dawned （显现）．Your child has been looking for an opportunity to climb out of the windowthe man said as he gave the child back to her ．So I have been watching the whole time．The woman was 10 and so was I．
1 A guiding B bothering C watching D monitoring
2 A adjusted B changed C packed D waved
3 A air B joy C space D rest
4 A nervous B embarrassed C angry D disappointed
5 A almost B still C hardly D even
6 A drag B climb C knock D push
7 A grabbed B rocked C touched D picked
8 A alarm B quarrel C risk D noise
9 A sorrow B relief C panic D pain
10 A astonished B confused C concerned D inspired
第二节（10题题15分15分）
阅读列短文根短文容填空．未提示词空白处仅填写1恰单词出提示词空白处括号词正确形式填空．请答题卡指定区域作答．
A
Why do we dream？Scientists aren＇t completely sureand they have diverse 11 （idea）．Dreams might be a side effect of memory making．When you sleepyour brain sorts through everything 12 happened during the daytrying to link new experiences to old memories As it 13 （connect） thingsyour brain tums them into a storyand you get a dream．
B
Sam is an inreallife streamer（播）and he live streams himself just going about his day．While riding his bike home 14 a cold nighthe came across a sadlooking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself．The poor woman wasn＇t able to give him any information about 15 she lived．Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could 16 （safe） wait for the police to take her home．
C
There 17 （be） a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years 18 （cause） largely by rising global temperaturesaccording to a new report from the United Nations．From 2000 to 2019there were7348 major natural disasters around the world 19 （result） in USD2970 billion in economic loss．Much of this increase can be due to climate change．The findings show a critical need 20 （invest）in disaster prevention
第二部分 阅读理解（两节38分）
第节（14题题2分28分）
阅读列短文题ABCD四选项中选出佳选项答题卡该项涂黑．
A
If you are planning to start a career in the field of educationscienceor culturethen an internship（实） at UNESCO will be ideal for you．
Who can apply？
l You have completed your fulltime university studiesor
l You are studying in a graduate program for a master＇s degree．
l Applicants in technical assignments must have reached the last year of their studies in a technical institution．
What are the requirements？
l You must be at least 20 years old．
l You should have a good command （掌握） of either English or French．
l You must have an excellent knowledge of officerelated software．
l You should be able to work well in a team and adapt to an international working environment．
l You should possess strong interpersonal and communication skills．
What do you need to prepare？
l Visa：You should obtain the necessary visas．
l Travel：You must arrange and finance your travel to and from the location where you will do your internship．
l Medical insurance：You must show proof of a comprehensive health insurance valid（效）in the target country for the entire period of the internship．UNESCO will provide limited insurance coverage up to USD30000 for the internship period．
l Medical certificate：You must provide a medical certificate indicating you are fit to work．
l Motivation letter：You should have your motivation letter ready before filling out the application form．
Your application will be accessed by UNESCO managers and will stay in our database for six months．We do not respond to every candidate．If selectedyou will be contacted by a manager．If you do not receive any update within six monthsit means that your application has not been successful．
21 According to this passageapplicants are required to_________．
A hold a master＇s degree in science
B have international work experience
C be fluent in either English or French
D present a letter from a technical institution
22 What will UNESCO provide for the internship period？
A Limited medical insurance coverage．
B Training in communication skills．
C A medical certificate for work．
D Financial support for travel．
23 What should applicants do before filling out the application form？
A Contact UNESCO managers． B Get access to the database．
C Keep a motivation letter at hand． D Work in a team for six months．
B
I remember the day during our first week of class when we were informed about our semester（学期） project of volunteering at a nonprofit organization．When the teacher introduced us to the different organizations that needed our helpmy last choice was Operation Iraqi Children （OIC）．My first impression of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind．
Thenan OIC representative gave us some detailswhich somewhat interested me．After doing some research I believed that we could really do something for those kids．When I went online to the OIC websiteI saw pictures of the Iraqi children．Their faces were so powerful in sending a message of their despair（绝） and need that I joined this project without hesitation．We decided to collect as many school supplies as possibleand make them into kits——one kitone child．
The most rewarding day for our group was project daywhen all the efforts we put into collecting the items finally came together．When I saw the various supplies we had collectedit hit me that every kit we were to build that day would eventually be in the hands of an Iraqi child．Over the past four monthsI had never imagined how I would feel once our project was completed．While making the kitsI realized that I had lost sight of the true meaning behind it．I had only focused on the fact that it was another school project and one I wanted to get a good grade on．When the kits were completedand ready to be sent overseasthe warm feeling I had was one I would never forget．
In the beginningI dared myself to make a difference in the life of another person．Now that our project is overI realize that I have affected not only one lifebut ten．With our effortsten young boys and girls will now be able to further their education．
24How did the author feel about joining the OIC project in the beginning？
A It would affect hisher initial plans．
B It would involve traveling overseas．
C It would not bring himher a good grade．
D It would not live up to hisher expectations．
25 What mainly helped the author change hisher attitude toward the project？
A Images of Iraqi children． B Research by hisher classmates．
C A teacher＇s introduction． D A representative＇s comments．
26 The author＇s OIC project group would help ten Iraqi children to__________．
A become OIC volunteers B further their education
C study in foreign countries D influence other children
27 What can we conclude from this passage？
A One＇s potential cannot always be underrated．
B First impression cannot always be trusted．
C Actions speak louder than words．
D He who hesitates is lost．
C
Hundreds of scientistswriters and academics sounded a warning to humanity in an open letter published last December：Policymakers and the rest of us must engage openly with the risk of global collapse．Researchers in many areas have projected the widespread collapse asa credible scenario（情景） this century．
A survey of scientists found that extreme weather eventsfood insecurityand freshwater shortages might create global collapse．Of courseif you are a nonhuman speciescollapse is well underway．
The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of stilluncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in the world＇s most technologically advanced nations．Not very long agoit was also unthinkable that a virus would shut down nations and that safety nets would be proven so disastrously lacking in flexibility．
The international scholars＇ warning letter doesn＇t say exactly what collapse will look like or when it might happen．Collapseologythe study of collapseis more concerned with identifying trends and with them the dangers of everyday civilization．Among the signatories（签署者）of the warning was Bob Johnsonthe originator of theecological footprintconceptwhich measures the total amount of environmental input needed to maintain a given lifestyle．With the current footprint of humanityit seems that global collapse is certain to happen in some formpossibly within a decadecertainly within this centuryJohnson said in an email．
Only if we discuss the consequences of our biophysical limits the December warning letter sayscan we have the hope to reduce theirspeedseverity and harm．And yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to be ignored．We all want to hope things will turn out fine．As a poet wrote
Man is a victim of dope （麻醉品）
In the incurable form of hope．
The hundreds of scholars who signed the letter are intent（执着） on quieting hope that ignores preparedness．Let＇s look directly into the issue of collapsehey sayand deal with the terrible possibilities of what we see there to make the best of a troubling future．
28 What does the underlined wordgermanein Paragraph 3 probably mean？
A Scientific． B Credible．
C Original． D Relevant．
29 As for the public awareness of global collapsethe author is__________．
A worried B puzzled
C surprised D scared
30 What can we learn from this passage？
A The signatories may change the biophysical limits．
B The author agrees with the message of the poem．
C The issue of collapse is being prioritized．
D The global collapse is well underway．
D
Early fifthcentury philosopher St．Augustine famously wrote that he knew what time was unless someone asked him．Albert Einstein added another wrinkle when he theorized that time varies depending on where you measure it．Today＇s stateoftheart atomic（原子） clocks have proven Einstein right．Even advanced physics can＇t decisively tell us what time is because the answer depends on the question you＇re asking．
Forget about time as an absolute．What ifinstead of considering time in terms of astronomy we related time to ecology？What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo（节奏） of human life？We＇re increasingly aware of the fact that we can＇t control Earth systems with engineering aloneand realizing that we need to moderate（调节）our actions if we hope to live in balance．What if our definition of time reflected that？
RecentlyI conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that＇s connected to circumstances on our planetconditions that might change as a result of global warming．We＇re now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum that reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan riverswhich are sensitive to local and global environmental changes．We＇ve programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rate．If the rivers run faster in the future on averagethe clock will get ahead of standard time．If they run sloweryou＇ll see the opposite effect．
The clock registers both shortterm irregularities and longterm trends in river dynamics．It＇s a sort of observatory that reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame（时间框架）and allows us to witness those changes on our smartwatches or phones．Anyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmony with the planet．Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies．
Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particularsearly agricultural societies also connected time to natural phenomena．In preClassical Greecefor instancepeoplecorrectedofficial calendars by shifting dates forward or backward to reflect the change of season．Temporal connection to the environment was vital to their survival．Likewiseriver time and other timekeeping systems we＇re developing may encourage environmental awareness．
When St．Augustine admitted his inability to define time he highlighted one of time ＇s most noticeable qualities：Time becomes meaningful only in a defined context．Any timekeeping system is validand each is as praiseworthy as its purpose．
31 What is the main idea of Paragraph 1？
A Timekeeping is increasingly related to nature．
B Everyone can define time on their own terms．
C The qualities of time vary with how you measure it．
D Time is a major concern of philosophers and scientists．
32 The author raises three questions in Paragraph 2 mainly to__________．
A present an assumption B evaluate an argument
C highlight an experiment D introduce an approach
33 What can we learn from this passage？
A Those who do not go on river time will live an imbalanced life．
B New ways of measuring time can help to control Earth systems．
C Atomic time will get ahead of river time if the rivers run slower．
D Modern technology may help to shape the rivers’ temporal frame．
34 What can we infer from this passage？
A It is crucial to improve the definition of time．
B A fixed frame will make time meaningless．
C We should live in harmony with nature．
D History is a mirror reflecting reality．
第二节（5题题2分10分）
根短文容短文七选项中选出填入空白处佳选项答题卡该项涂黑．选项中两项余选项．
Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people． 35 The mental health benefits from music can＇t be argued．Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the scenes．
36 However for the same reason music can be very beneficial if one is in pain．By distracting （分心） the mind from the pain music people say can lower stress and anxiety levels．This of course can lead to less pain．
Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed． 37 While the validity of the idea is still being assessedthe lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure．Similarly according to researcherslistening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels through the lowering of stress and anxiety．
When it comes to heart healththere is speculation （推测） that it＇s not the style of music but rather the tempo that makes it so good for your heart health．In one European studyparticipants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure． 38 On the other handwhen the music slowedthe participants＇ stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit．
39 But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial forwhich is what makes music so valuable．
A This feeling can also result in many other health problems．
B Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud．
C This idea is a little offthewall but still has scientific backing．
D They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep．
E The implications of music on overall wellbeing are really impressive．
F It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety．
G Interestinglythe more cheerful the music wasthe faster their heart rates were．
第三部分 书面表达（两节32分）
第节（4题第4041题2分第42题3分第43题5分12分）
阅读面短文根题目求英文回答问题．请答题卡指定区域作答．
Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolvedthe emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased．Thusit may be worth bringing up issues with your friends family membersor classmates rather than holding them back．
There is a difference between arguing and fighting．Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns．You can engage in an argument respectfully without stirring up（激起） anger．Fightinghoweverusually involves personal attacksraising of voices and storming out．Discussing your issues and resolving them instead of stuffing them down can improve your emotional health．In a study2000 people were asked to record their feelings and experiences for eight days in a row．When people had an argument that they considered resolved they had half the reactivity （情绪反应） of those who avoided an argument．Reactivity is an increase in negative emotions or a decrease in positive emotions．In other wordsresolving an argument cuts your negative feelings by half．One day later people who had a resolved argument reported no increase of negative emotions compared with those who avoided an argument． This means that resolving an argument can feel like you have reached a state of resolution—and you are less likely to be annoyed．
Moreoverthe older you arethe more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument．This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities．You are more likely to distinguish between what matters and what does not．
It is easier to avoid a discussionbut risking talking about it may eventually lead to a better outcome．
40 According to this passagewhat is arguing？
41 Why is it thatthe older you are the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument？
42 Please decide which part is false in the following statementthen underline it and explain why．
Resolving arguments can improve your emotional healthbecause it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry．
43 In addition to improving emotional healthwhat do you think are some other benefits of resolving an argument？ （In about 40 words）
第二节（20分）
假设红星中学高三学生李华．英国友Jim原定周末起外出赴约．请英文写封电子邮件容包括：
1．表达歉意说明原
2．提出建议出理．
注意：1词数100左右
2开头结尾已出计入总词数．
Dear Jim
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours
Li Hua
2021年普通高等学校招生全国统考试（北京卷)
英语参考答案
第部分 知识运（两节30 分）
第节（10题题15分15分）
1C 2A 3D 4C 5B
6B 7A 8D 9C 10A
第二节（10题题15分15分）
11 ideas 12that 13connects 14on 15where
16safely 17has been 18caused 19resulting 20to invest
第二部分 阅读理解（两节38分）
第节（14题题2分28分）
21C 22A 23C 24D 25A
26B 27B 28D 29A 30B
31B 32D 33C 34C
第二节（5题题2分10分）
35F 36B 37D 38G 39E
第三部分 书面表达（两节32分）
第节（4题第4041题2分第42题3分第43题5分12分）
40 Arguing is discussing your worriesrelated feelings and problems with the other party．
41 It is because more life experience may help people better identify priorities in life．
42 Resolving arguments can improve your emotional healthbecause it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry．
Resolving arguments helps to decrease your reactivity．
43略．
第二节（20分）
范文：
Dear Jim
I＇m sorry that I won＇t be able to go hiking with you this Saturday．
I began to cough yesterday morningso I went to see a doctor．She told me it was a bad coldand I would have to stay at home for a few days．
I＇d really like to spend some time with you．Is it OK with you if we take a trip to Zhangjiakou next Saturday？ It＇s one of the host cities for the 2022 Winter Olympics．Please let me know what you think．
AgainI＇m sorry about the inconvenience．
Hope to hear from you soon．
Yours
Li Hua
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2021年普通高等学校招生全国统考试
北京卷·英语
试卷11页100分．考试时长90分钟．考生务必答题卡指定区域作答试卷作答效．考试结束试卷答题卡交回．
第部分 知识运（两节30分）
第节（10题题15分15分）
阅读面短文掌握意题ABCD四选项中选出佳选项答题卡该项涂黑．
RecentlyI took a trip home by train．I got a seat opposite a middleaged man with sharp eyeswho kept 1 a young woman in a window seat with a little boy on her lap．The woman＇s eye fell on the man＇s faceand she immediately looked down and 2 her scarf．
As the night wore onpeople began to close their eyesbut the seats were so uncomfortable that only a very heavy sleeper could manage to get any 3 ．The woman looked over at the man．He was still staring at her．She looked back at him with fire in her eyes．I was beginning to get 4 too．
The train moved on．The little boy was 5 awake on his mother＇s lapbut the woman dropped off to sleep．A moment laterhe began to 6 the halfopen window—one leg went over it．The man jumped up and 7 the child just before he fell out．
The 8 woke up the woman．She seemed to be in 9 and then reality dawned （显现）．Your child has been looking for an opportunity to climb out of the windowthe man said as he gave the child back to her ．So I have been watching the whole time．The woman was 10 and so was I．
1 A guiding B bothering C watching D monitoring
2 A adjusted B changed C packed D waved
3 A air B joy C space D rest
4 A nervous B embarrassed C angry D disappointed
5 A almost B still C hardly D even
6 A drag B climb C knock D push
7 A grabbed B rocked C touched D picked
8 A alarm B quarrel C risk D noise
9 A sorrow B relief C panic D pain
10 A astonished B confused C concerned D inspired
第二节（10题题15分15分）
阅读列短文根短文容填空．未提示词空白处仅填写1恰单词出提示词空白处括号词正确形式填空．请答题卡指定区域作答．
A
Why do we dream？Scientists aren＇t completely sureand they have diverse 11 （idea）．Dreams might be a side effect of memory making．When you sleepyour brain sorts through everything 12 happened during the daytrying to link new experiences to old memories As it 13 （connect） thingsyour brain tums them into a storyand you get a dream．
B
Sam is an inreallife streamer（播）and he live streams himself just going about his day．While riding his bike home 14 a cold nighthe came across a sadlooking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself．The poor woman wasn＇t able to give him any information about 15 she lived．Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could 16 （safe） wait for the police to take her home．
C
There 17 （be） a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years 18 （cause） largely by rising global temperaturesaccording to a new report from the United Nations．From 2000 to 2019there were7348 major natural disasters around the world 19 （result） in USD2970 billion in economic loss．Much of this increase can be due to climate change．The findings show a critical need 20 （invest）in disaster prevention
第二部分 阅读理解（两节38分）
第节（14题题2分28分）
阅读列短文题ABCD四选项中选出佳选项答题卡该项涂黑．
A
If you are planning to start a career in the field of educationscienceor culturethen an internship（实） at UNESCO will be ideal for you．
Who can apply？
l You have completed your fulltime university studiesor
l You are studying in a graduate program for a master＇s degree．
l Applicants in technical assignments must have reached the last year of their studies in a technical institution．
What are the requirements？
l You must be at least 20 years old．
l You should have a good command （掌握） of either English or French．
l You must have an excellent knowledge of officerelated software．
l You should be able to work well in a team and adapt to an international working environment．
l You should possess strong interpersonal and communication skills．
What do you need to prepare？
l Visa：You should obtain the necessary visas．
l Travel：You must arrange and finance your travel to and from the location where you will do your internship．
l Medical insurance：You must show proof of a comprehensive health insurance valid（效）in the target country for the entire period of the internship．UNESCO will provide limited insurance coverage up to USD30000 for the internship period．
l Medical certificate：You must provide a medical certificate indicating you are fit to work．
l Motivation letter：You should have your motivation letter ready before filling out the application form．
Your application will be accessed by UNESCO managers and will stay in our database for six months．We do not respond to every candidate．If selectedyou will be contacted by a manager．If you do not receive any update within six monthsit means that your application has not been successful．
21 According to this passageapplicants are required to_________．
A hold a master＇s degree in science
B have international work experience
C be fluent in either English or French
D present a letter from a technical institution
22 What will UNESCO provide for the internship period？
A Limited medical insurance coverage．
B Training in communication skills．
C A medical certificate for work．
D Financial support for travel．
23 What should applicants do before filling out the application form？
A Contact UNESCO managers． B Get access to the database．
C Keep a motivation letter at hand． D Work in a team for six months．
B
I remember the day during our first week of class when we were informed about our semester（学期） project of volunteering at a nonprofit organization．When the teacher introduced us to the different organizations that needed our helpmy last choice was Operation Iraqi Children （OIC）．My first impression of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind．
Thenan OIC representative gave us some detailswhich somewhat interested me．After doing some research I believed that we could really do something for those kids．When I went online to the OIC websiteI saw pictures of the Iraqi children．Their faces were so powerful in sending a message of their despair（绝） and need that I joined this project without hesitation．We decided to collect as many school supplies as possibleand make them into kits——one kitone child．
The most rewarding day for our group was project daywhen all the efforts we put into collecting the items finally came together．When I saw the various supplies we had collectedit hit me that every kit we were to build that day would eventually be in the hands of an Iraqi child．Over the past four monthsI had never imagined how I would feel once our project was completed．While making the kitsI realized that I had lost sight of the true meaning behind it．I had only focused on the fact that it was another school project and one I wanted to get a good grade on．When the kits were completedand ready to be sent overseasthe warm feeling I had was one I would never forget．
In the beginningI dared myself to make a difference in the life of another person．Now that our project is overI realize that I have affected not only one lifebut ten．With our effortsten young boys and girls will now be able to further their education．
24How did the author feel about joining the OIC project in the beginning？
A It would affect hisher initial plans．
B It would involve traveling overseas．
C It would not bring himher a good grade．
D It would not live up to hisher expectations．
25 What mainly helped the author change hisher attitude toward the project？
A Images of Iraqi children． B Research by hisher classmates．
C A teacher＇s introduction． D A representative＇s comments．
26 The author＇s OIC project group would help ten Iraqi children to__________．
A become OIC volunteers B further their education
C study in foreign countries D influence other children
27 What can we conclude from this passage？
A One＇s potential cannot always be underrated．
B First impression cannot always be trusted．
C Actions speak louder than words．
D He who hesitates is lost．
C
Hundreds of scientistswriters and academics sounded a warning to humanity in an open letter published last December：Policymakers and the rest of us must engage openly with the risk of global collapse．Researchers in many areas have projected the widespread collapse asa credible scenario（情景） this century．
A survey of scientists found that extreme weather eventsfood insecurityand freshwater shortages might create global collapse．Of courseif you are a nonhuman speciescollapse is well underway．
The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of stilluncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in the world＇s most technologically advanced nations．Not very long agoit was also unthinkable that a virus would shut down nations and that safety nets would be proven so disastrously lacking in flexibility．
The international scholars＇ warning letter doesn＇t say exactly what collapse will look like or when it might happen．Collapseologythe study of collapseis more concerned with identifying trends and with them the dangers of everyday civilization．Among the signatories（签署者）of the warning was Bob Johnsonthe originator of theecological footprintconceptwhich measures the total amount of environmental input needed to maintain a given lifestyle．With the current footprint of humanityit seems that global collapse is certain to happen in some formpossibly within a decadecertainly within this centuryJohnson said in an email．
Only if we discuss the consequences of our biophysical limits the December warning letter sayscan we have the hope to reduce theirspeedseverity and harm．And yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to be ignored．We all want to hope things will turn out fine．As a poet wrote
Man is a victim of dope （麻醉品）
In the incurable form of hope．
The hundreds of scholars who signed the letter are intent（执着） on quieting hope that ignores preparedness．Let＇s look directly into the issue of collapsehey sayand deal with the terrible possibilities of what we see there to make the best of a troubling future．
28 What does the underlined wordgermanein Paragraph 3 probably mean？
A Scientific． B Credible．
C Original． D Relevant．
29 As for the public awareness of global collapsethe author is__________．
A worried B puzzled
C surprised D scared
30 What can we learn from this passage？
A The signatories may change the biophysical limits．
B The author agrees with the message of the poem．
C The issue of collapse is being prioritized．
D The global collapse is well underway．
D
Early fifthcentury philosopher St．Augustine famously wrote that he knew what time was unless someone asked him．Albert Einstein added another wrinkle when he theorized that time varies depending on where you measure it．Today＇s stateoftheart atomic（原子） clocks have proven Einstein right．Even advanced physics can＇t decisively tell us what time is because the answer depends on the question you＇re asking．
Forget about time as an absolute．What ifinstead of considering time in terms of astronomy we related time to ecology？What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo（节奏） of human life？We＇re increasingly aware of the fact that we can＇t control Earth systems with engineering aloneand realizing that we need to moderate（调节）our actions if we hope to live in balance．What if our definition of time reflected that？
RecentlyI conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that＇s connected to circumstances on our planetconditions that might change as a result of global warming．We＇re now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum that reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan riverswhich are sensitive to local and global environmental changes．We＇ve programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rate．If the rivers run faster in the future on averagethe clock will get ahead of standard time．If they run sloweryou＇ll see the opposite effect．
The clock registers both shortterm irregularities and longterm trends in river dynamics．It＇s a sort of observatory that reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame（时间框架）and allows us to witness those changes on our smartwatches or phones．Anyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmony with the planet．Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies．
Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particularsearly agricultural societies also connected time to natural phenomena．In preClassical Greecefor instancepeoplecorrectedofficial calendars by shifting dates forward or backward to reflect the change of season．Temporal connection to the environment was vital to their survival．Likewiseriver time and other timekeeping systems we＇re developing may encourage environmental awareness．
When St．Augustine admitted his inability to define time he highlighted one of time ＇s most noticeable qualities：Time becomes meaningful only in a defined context．Any timekeeping system is validand each is as praiseworthy as its purpose．
31 What is the main idea of Paragraph 1？
A Timekeeping is increasingly related to nature．
B Everyone can define time on their own terms．
C The qualities of time vary with how you measure it．
D Time is a major concern of philosophers and scientists．
32 The author raises three questions in Paragraph 2 mainly to__________．
A present an assumption B evaluate an argument
C highlight an experiment D introduce an approach
33 What can we learn from this passage？
A Those who do not go on river time will live an imbalanced life．
B New ways of measuring time can help to control Earth systems．
C Atomic time will get ahead of river time if the rivers run slower．
D Modern technology may help to shape the rivers’ temporal frame．
34 What can we infer from this passage？
A It is crucial to improve the definition of time．
B A fixed frame will make time meaningless．
C We should live in harmony with nature．
D History is a mirror reflecting reality．
第二节（5题题2分10分）
根短文容短文七选项中选出填入空白处佳选项答题卡该项涂黑．选项中两项余选项．
Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people． 35 The mental health benefits from music can＇t be argued．Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the scenes．
36 However for the same reason music can be very beneficial if one is in pain．By distracting （分心） the mind from the pain music people say can lower stress and anxiety levels．This of course can lead to less pain．
Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed． 37 While the validity of the idea is still being assessedthe lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure．Similarly according to researcherslistening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels through the lowering of stress and anxiety．
When it comes to heart healththere is speculation （推测） that it＇s not the style of music but rather the tempo that makes it so good for your heart health．In one European studyparticipants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure． 38 On the other handwhen the music slowedthe participants＇ stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit．
39 But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial forwhich is what makes music so valuable．
A This feeling can also result in many other health problems．
B Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud．
C This idea is a little offthewall but still has scientific backing．
D They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep．
E The implications of music on overall wellbeing are really impressive．
F It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety．
G Interestinglythe more cheerful the music wasthe faster their heart rates were．
第三部分 书面表达（两节32分）
第节（4题第4041题2分第42题3分第43题5分12分）
阅读面短文根题目求英文回答问题．请答题卡指定区域作答．
Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolvedthe emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased．Thusit may be worth bringing up issues with your friends family membersor classmates rather than holding them back．
There is a difference between arguing and fighting．Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns．You can engage in an argument respectfully without stirring up（激起） anger．Fightinghoweverusually involves personal attacksraising of voices and storming out．Discussing your issues and resolving them instead of stuffing them down can improve your emotional health．In a study2000 people were asked to record their feelings and experiences for eight days in a row．When people had an argument that they considered resolved they had half the reactivity （情绪反应） of those who avoided an argument．Reactivity is an increase in negative emotions or a decrease in positive emotions．In other wordsresolving an argument cuts your negative feelings by half．One day later people who had a resolved argument reported no increase of negative emotions compared with those who avoided an argument． This means that resolving an argument can feel like you have reached a state of resolution—and you are less likely to be annoyed．
Moreoverthe older you arethe more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument．This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities．You are more likely to distinguish between what matters and what does not．
It is easier to avoid a discussionbut risking talking about it may eventually lead to a better outcome．
40 According to this passagewhat is arguing？
41 Why is it thatthe older you are the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument？
42 Please decide which part is false in the following statementthen underline it and explain why．
Resolving arguments can improve your emotional healthbecause it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry．
43 In addition to improving emotional healthwhat do you think are some other benefits of resolving an argument？ （In about 40 words）
第二节（20分）
假设红星中学高三学生李华．英国友Jim原定周末起外出赴约．请英文写封电子邮件容包括：
1．表达歉意说明原
2．提出建议出理．
注意：1词数100左右
2开头结尾已出计入总词数．
Dear Jim
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours
Li Hua
2021年普通高等学校招生全国统考试（北京卷)
英语参考答案
第部分 知识运（两节30 分）
第节（10题题15分15分）
1C 2A 3D 4C 5B
6B 7A 8D 9C 10A
第二节（10题题15分15分）
11 ideas 12that 13connects 14on 15where
16safely 17has been 18caused 19resulting 20to invest
第二部分 阅读理解（两节38分）
第节（14题题2分28分）
21C 22A 23C 24D 25A
26B 27B 28D 29A 30B
31B 32D 33C 34C
第二节（5题题2分10分）
35F 36B 37D 38G 39E
第三部分 书面表达（两节32分）
第节（4题第4041题2分第42题3分第43题5分12分）
40 Arguing is discussing your worriesrelated feelings and problems with the other party．
41 It is because more life experience may help people better identify priorities in life．
42 Resolving arguments can improve your emotional healthbecause it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry．
Resolving arguments helps to decrease your reactivity．
43略．
第二节（20分）
范文：
Dear Jim
I＇m sorry that I won＇t be able to go hiking with you this Saturday．
I began to cough yesterday morningso I went to see a doctor．She told me it was a bad coldand I would have to stay at home for a few days．
I＇d really like to spend some time with you．Is it OK with you if we take a trip to Zhangjiakou next Saturday？ It＇s one of the host cities for the 2022 Winter Olympics．Please let me know what you think．
AgainI＇m sorry about the inconvenience．
Hope to hear from you soon．
Yours
Li Hua
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