中英合作水资源需求管理项目

 
 
 
 
UKChina Water Resources Demand Management Assistance Project
中英合作水资源需求理项目
WRDMAP Glossary of Terms Chinese and English
术语汇编（中英）
（初版）
 
 
Water Resources Demand Management Assistance Project
水资源需求理援助项目
WRDMAP Glossary of Terms Chinese and English
术语汇编（中英）
Acquire new knowledge whilst thinking over the old and you may
become a teacher of others
—Confucius
温知新师矣——孔子
Preface
前 言
 
术语表水资源需求理项目术语表初级版水资源需求理项目中汇编成该项目英国国际发展部出资水利部负责实施双边合作项目水行业发展项目初期开始编写术语表水资源需求理援助项目（WRDMAP）启动前进步术语表进行修订更新WRDMAP项目决定目前版术语表印刷成册专家指出存诸足处项目起始阶段术语表进行修正WRDMAP项目计划2006年底重新印制术语表第二版中纳入相关方修改意见建议
This draftpreliminary version of the Water Resources Demand Management Project Glossary has been assembled under the Water Resources Demand Management Project funded by DFID and carried out by MWR The Glossary was started during the earlier Water Sector Development Project and was subsequently further developed during the period prior to the commencement of WRDMAP It has been decided to print this version despite the fact that WRDMAP experts have identified many shortcomings in the document These have been corrected to the extent possible during the Inception Phase of the Project However it is intended to reprin
t an improved second edition at the end of 2006 incorporating comments and modifications suggestions received
 
术语表编写目项目员提供水资源理方面常术语短语技术机构缩略语便促进项目中方员国际专家间相互理解交流沟通学科机构理区域常常导致术语翻译出现差情况术语表尤助口笔译员翻译工作中更加统中英术语
The purpose of this document is to provide in English and Chinese commonly used water resources management terms and phrases and technical and agency abbreviations for the benefit of facilitating better understanding and communication amongst and between Chinese counterparts and international personnel working on the Project This document is intended to be particularly useful in assisting interpreters and translators in carrying out their important role by using more uniform terminology in both languages where often terms can be interpreted or translated very differently depending upon discipline agency or geographic area
 
术语表开创性更改水资源理术语词典予定义目词典编纂惯例常术语短语提供种描述性解释术语表根传统词典规定性解释方式精确定义术语短语学科机构理区域常见法者换词进行解释时应指出英文术语字母序排列方便起见术语排列似词者题相关词面
This document is neither the seminal nor definitive glossary nor dictionary of water management terms and phrases The objective of the definition is to provide a descriptive explanation of the term or phrase based on lexicographical practice of current usage It is not a glossary of precise definitions based on traditional dictionary practice of prescriptive explanation For this reason with some terms and phases there is an explanation of its application or alternative words that may be commonly encountered in other disciplines agencies or geographic areas It should also be noted that not all entries are in alphabetical order but sometimes more conveniently located next to similar words or subject matter issues
 
然术语表现容方面需审视勿庸置疑更词语短语添加术语表中提供定义进行修改果您术语表意见建议包括添加删术语修改定义解释译文调整格式版面等等请通电子邮件发送WRDMAP项目理助理王玥女士（wangyue@wrdmapcn）
There are undoubtedly many more terms and phrases that can be added andor variations to the definitions provided whilst the existing contents needs attention’ in many areas It is requested that any reader who may have comments or contributions to the contents – adding deleting or correcting definitions and explanations translations or format please send your comments to the WRDMAP Project Management Assistant Wang Yue {wangyue@wrdmapcn}
 
 
 
Advisory Team Leader ATL Beijing January 2006
咨询专家组长（ATL）
2006年1月北京
 
 
English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
abstract
Remove or withdraw water from any source either temporarily or permanently
qu shui
取水
时性永久性水水源移走
abstraction fee
Payment to a government agency eg water resource department for the right to abstract water
qu shui fei
取水费
取水权利政府部门（例水利部门）交纳费
discharge fee
Payment to a government agency eg environment department for the right to discharge wastewater
pai wu fei
排污费
排放污水权利政府部门（例环境部门）交纳费

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
fee
Payment to government or a government agency for the right to use water eg abstract water or discharge wastewater or for the costs of issue and administration of permits or licenses
Fei
费
水（例取水者排放污水）权利者水许证执发放理成政府者政府部门交纳费
charge
Price of water supply or wastewater discharge payable to the government agency or other company providing the service
shou feishui fei
水费收费
应政府机构者提供服务公司支付供水者污水排放价格
abstraction license
The authorization granted by a water agency or other regulatory authority to allow the abstraction of water from a water source
qu shui xu ke
 
取水许
水利机构者理部门发放允许某水源取水授权证书
accountability
Being answerable to a person or organization to ensure that tasks are carried out in accordance with specific instructions or legislation This term is generally used when the accountable person or organization may delegate the actual execution of the tasks to another person or organization Compare with
wen ze wen ze zhi
问责问责制
某者组织负责保证具体指令者法规求开展工作术语通常应承担责者组织工作具体开展托付者组织情况较责

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

responsibility



action plan
Qualitative description of a set of actions to be taken in order to achieve one or more objectives Often prepared as inspiration for formulation and planning of more specific programmes or projects
xing dong ji hua
行动计划
旨实现者目标系列行动做定性说明常常制订筹划较具体计划者项目提准备
leakage detection
Methods to identify water losses from distribution networks fittings and household appliances eg field inspections analysis of night flows and water pressure using geophones or listening sticks
shen lou jian ce
 
渗漏检测
检查配水网设备家庭器具水流失方法例进行现场检查分析夜间流量水压利音探听器者听音棒探听
leakage control
Systematic program to minimize leakage from water distribution networks by use of appropriate materials pressure tests of new piping leakage detection campaigns maintenance and repair
shen lou kong zhi
 
渗漏控制
限度减少配水网渗漏系统性计划包括适材料新线进行压力试验开展渗漏检测运动进行维护修理等
agency
Any department statutory authority commission or similar organization established by legislation andor subject to government control
ji gou ji guan bu men
机构机关部门
法成立（者）受政府辖部门法定机构委员会者类似组织

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
allocation
Procedures to share available water resources among competing users and uses including the resulting distribution of water
shui fen pei
水分配
竞争性水户途间分配水资源程包括户配水
aquatic environment
The physical chemical or ecological environment existing within lakes rivers and other water bodies
shui huan jing
水环境
湖泊河流水体物理化学者生态环境
aquifer
A waterbearing underground formation of permeable rock or sediment able to hold transmit and release significant quantities of water
han shui ceng xu shui ceng
含水层蓄水层
渗透性岩石者泥沙组成够储存传输释放较水量层
groundwater mining
Withdrawal of groundwater in amounts that exceeds the average rate of recharge of the aquifer
di xia shui kai cai
水开采
水开采量超含水层均补速度
assimilative capacity
The capacity of a water body to receive wastewater or toxic materials without detrimental effects and without damage to the aquatic environment or humans who consume the water
na wu neng li
纳污力
水体接纳废水毒物质会带害影响水环境者该水体带损害力

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
audit (enduse)
Procedure to check whether water is used according to plans or permits and having the intended social economic or environmental impacts
shen ji (zhong duan yong shui)
审计（终端水）
检查水否符合计划许证规定否产生预期社会济者环境影响程
audit (financial)
Examination of financial records of an agency or company to determine if the records are accurate and provide a realistic account of the financial status of the agency or company
shen ji
(cai wu)
审计（财务）
检查机构者公司财务记录确定记录否准确否反映该机构者公司实际财务状况
audit (water)
A systematic assessment of the amount and nature of water use by different end users (residential commercial or industrial) in order to identify potential areas for reduction conservation or efficiency improvement of the water use
shen ji (shui)
审计（水）
终端户（居民商业者工业户）水数量性质进行系统评估确定方面潜力减少水节水者提高水效率
available resource
The maximum reliable amount of water that can be abstracted from a water source taking account of various factors (probability of the minimum flow in a river or the safe yield of a borehole()etc)
ke li yong shui zi yuan liang
利水资源量
某水源开采水量河流流量概率者井孔产水量决定

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
available supply
The maximum reliable amount of water that can be supplied by a water supplier
ke gong shui liang
供水量
供水机构提供供水量
averageday demand
Average daily water use from a distribution system as measured by the annual water production divided by 365
ri ping jun xu shui liang
日均需水量
年水产总量365出配水系统均日水量
avoidedcost
The costs that a water supply company avoids through reduction of water consumption and water losses including both operating and capital costs
bi mian fei yong
避免费
供水公司通减少水水损避免费包括运行费资费
background leakage
Water losses from small leaks that are uneconomic to locate and repair
ben di shen lou
底渗漏
微渗漏造成水损查找维修微渗漏济
baseline
Description usually quantitative of an existing situation that is used for comparison when conditions are altered Mainly used in development projects for comparison of the beforeafter situation May include both social economic environmental and operational parameters See also
ji xian
基线
现状描述通常定量条件变化时进行较开发项目中前状况较包括社会济环境运行参数见基准鉴

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

benchmarking



Basin Vision
A view or image of the desirable future condition of water resources and water use in a river basin Applied in river basin planning to help formulate action plans
liu yu zhan wang
流域展
流域水资源水未理想状况观点者设想流域规划中帮助制订行动计划
benchmarking
A systematic process using a set of indicators to measure and compare an organization's operation working practices and performance against other organizations operating under similar conditions or recognized as having the best possible performance Used to establish performance targets and improve management and working methods
ji zhun jie jian guan qu te xing zhi biao zong he ping gu ti xi
基准鉴灌区特性指标综合评估体系
利组指标组织运行工作方法绩效进行度量处类似条件者认达佳绩效组织进行较建立绩效目标改善理工作方法
beneficial use
The use of water for a socially economically or environmentally useful purpose Commonly the following uses are recognized as beneficial domestic municipal industrial irrigation mining hydroelectric power navigation
you yi yong shui you xiao yong shui
益水效水
出济社会环境方面益目水通常方面水认益：生活市政工业灌溉采矿水电航运娱乐牲畜饲养公园野生动物保护区等

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

recreation livestock raising public parks wildlife and game preserves



benefitcost analysis
An evaluation of total benefits to total costs of an actual or proposed water programme or project used to compare and rank alternative investment strategies or project designs Usually expressed in monetary terms as Internal Rate of Return or Economic Internal Rate of Return
xiao yi fei yong fen xi cheng ben xiao yi fen xi
效益费分析 成效益分析
实际者建议水资源计划项目总效益总费进行评价投资战略者项目设计方案进行较排序通常货币指标表示成部回收率者济部回收率
discount rate
The discount rate is the interest rate that national banks charge on loans to commercial banks The discount rate is used to evaluate whether government investments in water projects are financially and economically viable see Internal Rate of Return and Economic Internal Rate of Return
zhe xian lü tie xian lü
折现率贴现率
国家银行商业银行贷款利率评价政府水利项目投资财务济否行见部回收率济部回收率

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
Internal Rate of Return (IRR)
Measure of the financial viability of a project calculated as the average annual profit over the lifetime of the project using prices that include government duties taxes and subsidies The investment in a project is acceptable to the investor if IRR is equal to or higher than the interest which could be obtained from an alternative use of the invested capital For water projects which mainly rely on government funding IRR is compared with the central bank discount rate See also Economic Internal Rate of Return
nei bu hui shou lü nei bu shou yi lü
部回收率部收益率
衡量项目财务行性指标根包括政府关税税收补贴价格计算项目期限年均利润表示果部回收率等者投资资方面利息该项目投资投资者接受赖政府投资水利项目部回收率中央银行折现率进行较见济部回收率
IRR
Internal Rate of Return
 
 
部回收率缩写
Economic Internal Rate of Return (EIRR)
Measure of the economic efficiency of government investment in a water project calculated as the average annual profit over the lifetime of the investment using prices that exclude government duties taxes and subsidies The investment is economically attractive to government if EIRR is equal to or higher than the central bank
jing ji nei bu hui shou lü
济部回收率
衡量政府水利项目投资济效率指标根包括政府关税税收补贴价格计算项目期限年均利润表示果济部回收率等者中央银行折现率该投资济政府吸引力该折现率反映投资资方面获利息

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

discount rate which reflects the interest that could be gained by lending the invested capital to other purposes



EIRR
Economic Internal Rate of Return
jing ji nei bu hui shou lü
济部回收率
济部回收率缩写
benefits
The positive or desired results of a water project Benefits may be social environmental or economic in nature See also tangible intangible and net benefits
xiao yi li yi shou yi
效益利益受益
水利项目正面者理想结果性质说效益社会环境者济见形效益形效益净效益
best management practice
An empirically proven costeffective and beneficial way of managing a company that is widely accepted among sector professionals as the standard to follow
zui jia guan li fang fa zui jia guan li mo shi
佳理方法 佳理模式
实践证明成效益公司理模式专业领域公认学榜样
bilateral donor
A development aid agency which provides grants and loans from funds provided by a single donor country directly to the recipient country eg DFID (UK) AusAID (Australia) and Danida (Denmark)
shuang bian yuan zhu ji gou
双边援助机构
利单援助国提供资金直接受援国提供赠款贷款开发机构例英国

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义




DFID澳利亚AusAid丹麦Danida等
bilateral development assistance
Development assistance provided directly from the donor country to the recipient county
shuang bian kai fa yuan zhu
双边开发援助
直接援助国受援国提供开发援助
biodiversity
The variety and variability among living organisms and the ecological complexes in which they occur The term encompasses different ecosystems species and genes
sheng wu duo yang xing
生物样性
生物界赖生存生态综合体样性变化性该术语涵盖生态系统物种基
block tariff
A water tariff structure with stepwise increase or decrease of the price per unit water from one block to the next Used mainly as an increasing block tariff to a) supply the basic needs of water at a price that is affordable to poor households and b) to give large consumers an incentive to reduce their water consumption
jie ti shui jia
阶梯水价
种水价结构水单价水量段水量段逐步增加者减少常升式阶梯水价目 1）贫困家庭力支付价格满足基需水2）鼓励水户减少水量

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
bore
Internal diameter of a pipe or a borehole Also slang for borehole or drilled well
kong jing jing kong zuan jing
孔径井孔钻井
道者井孔径英语中代表井孔钻井行话
borehole
A hole in the ground with small diameter relative to depth bored drilled or driven into the ground in order to investigate or abstract groundwater Also called a drilled well
jing kong zuan jing
井孔钻井
采钻孔等方法孔孔径相深度较调查者开采水称钻井
budget (wateruse)
An accounting method or quantitative assessment of the total amount of water available in a hydrological system over a period of time The water budget includes all inputs abstractions and uses of water for a given location or activity eg rainfall and runoff recharge and seepage abstractions return flows and wastewater discharges It may refer to current or projected conditions
shui liang ping heng shui fen ping heng shui fen cha e shui ping heng ji suan shui liang shou zhi yu suan suan shui zhang
水量衡水分衡水分差额水衡计算水量收支预算算水帐
水文系统定时期利水资源总量计算方法者定量评价水量衡包括特定点者特定活动水输入取水水例降水径流补渗漏取水回水污水排放指现状者预测条件
seepage
Movement of water from one aquifer to another or from an aquifer to the ground surface whe
shen liu shen lou shen lou liang
渗流渗漏渗漏量
水含水层缓慢流含水层者面面作泉水点流出较范围流出形成湿

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

re water may emerge from a single point as springs or over a broad area to form wetlands



bulk services
Delivery of large amounts of water from an agency or company to several smaller agencies or companies that in turn serve individual consumers or customers eg a reservoir and canal management company delivering water to a number of irrigation 'districts' or systems that serve farmers or to urban water companies that distribute water to domestic institutional and commercial customers Also used for regional storm water drainage and flood control services which operate primary drainage canals and pumping stations or maintain river or sea dikes that protect large areas of land from flooding
pi liang fu wu
批量服务
机构者公司较机构者公司量供水者然户供水例水库渠道理公司农民服务灌区供水者家庭机构商业户服务城市水公司供水指区域性暴雨排水防洪服务机构负责理排水渠道泵站者维护保护片土防洪河堤者海堤
byelaws
Local laws or regulations that often are required to make national law effective or operational at lower administrative levels
di fang fa gui gui zhang she tuan zhang cheng
方法规规章社团章程
方法律法规常常方贯彻落实国家法律

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
capacity building
Developing the capability of an organization or parts of an organization by enhancing the skills and experience of its employees improving its work practices and procedures and upgrading its technology Often used for and interchangeably with institutional development and institutional strengthening
neng li jian she
力建设
开发机构者机构某部门力包括提高员技验改进工作方法程序更新技术等常常机构发展机构加强交
capacity development
Improving the capacity of an organisation to adjust to changes in the surrounding society often used for and interchangeably with institutional development
neng li kai fa
力开发
加强机构适应社会条件变化力常常机构发展交
capital costs
The costs related to capital invested in infrastructure that provides productive services or benefits over a period lasting longer than one year eg an irrigation scheme or water treatment plant Includes depreciation of assets and debt service ie interest payments and repayment of the principal on a loan
ji ben jian she fei yong zi ben cheng ben chu jian fei
基建设费资成初建费
提供年生产性服务者效益基础设施建设投资费例灌溉工程者水处理厂包括资产折旧债务付息支付贷款利息偿金

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
capital facilities
Infrastructure used in a production process such as pumping stations transmission mains treatment plants and distribution or sewer networks of a water supply or wastewater system
zi ben she shi gu ding zi ben
资设施固定资
生产程中基础设施例供水者污水系统中泵站输水干处理厂配水网者污水网
catchment
An area in which runoff drains to a single river or lake The area can be delimited by tracing a line along the highest elevations between two rivers on a map Also used for the area upstream of a water intake on a river or around a borehole that the intake or borehole catches water from Also called a watershed
liu yu ji shui qu hui shui pen di
流域集水区汇水盆
径流赖汇集流入单河流者湖泊区域图两条河流间高点连线划定流域边界指河流某取水口游者井孔周围汇水区域英语中称watershed
catchment management
The analysis protection development and maintenance of the land vegetation and water resources of a catchment for the conservation of all its resources and hydrological properties The term is generally applied to
liu yu guan li
流域理
流域土植水资源进行分析保护开发维护保护资源水文特性该术语通常较流域(catchments)里土利水资源间密切关系土水理局部性

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

catchments smaller than river basins where there is a close relation between land use and water resources and the management of land and water mainly is a local issue These issues include soil erosion flash flooding and environmental degradation


问题问题包括土壤侵蚀突发洪水环境恶化
catchment process model
A hydrological model that is used to predict the relationship between rainfall and runoff from a catchment sometimes including soil erosion sediment transport and other water quality parameters
liu yu guo cheng mo xing
流域程模型
种预测流域降雨径流关系水文模型时包括土壤侵蚀泥沙输送水质参数
climate
The sum of the meteorological elements that characterize the average and extreme conditions of the atmosphere over a long period of time at any one place or region of the earth's surface (Compare weather)
qi hou
气候
表现球表面点者区气长期均极端状态特征气象素总较天气

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
climate change
Predicted change in climate characteristics including natural variations and changes arising from human activities See also global warming and greenhouse effect
qi hou bian hua
气候变化
预测气候特征变化包括然变化类活动引起变化见全球变暖温室效应
coastal zone
Lands and waters adjacent to the coast that exert an influence on the uses of the sea and its ecology or whose uses and ecology are affected by the sea
hai an dai
海岸带
海岸相邻影响海洋利海洋生态者利生态受海洋影响土水域
plumbing codes
Technical standards for the design and construction of water and wastewater installations and facilities in buildings
guan dao gong cheng gui cheng
道工程规程
建筑物水污水设施设计施工技术标准
community consultation
A systematic process to obtain community opinions as inputs to water resources or water supply planning
she qu xie shang
社区协商
征求社区意见作水资源者供水规划输入系统程
community water system
A drinking water system serving at least 15 household connections used by yearround residents of the area served by the system
she qu yong shui xi tong
社区水系统
服务区域少15户常住居民水接饮水系统
conflict resolution
Systematic process of resolving conf
jie jue mao dun mao dun hua jie
解决矛盾
解决组织机构团体者间突者争端系统程

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

licts or settling disputes among organizations groups or individuals

矛盾化解

Conservation (general)
Preserving and supporting the improvement of water and other natural resources limiting their use to the rate of renewal or regeneration
bao hu bao chi
保护保持
保护帮助改善水然资源更新者生速度作限度
conservation (water)
Reduction of water losses and unnecessary or wasteful use of water with minimum impact on the beneficial use of water Also used for methods to increase the capture of water or store water for beneficial uses See also water harvesting
jie shui bao shui
节水保水
减少水损失必水浪费水益水影响指加强水收集者存储供益利方法见雨水收集
conservation pricing
Water tariff structures that give users a financial incentive to reduce water usage and water losses See also demand management
jie shui shui jia jie shui ding jia
节水水价节水定价
减少水水损户提供济鼓励水价结构见需求理
consumeroriented
Attitudes and practices of a water company or agency that actively and positively address consumer demands concerns and complaints
mian xiang yong hu de
面户
供水公司机构积极满足消费者需求处理意见投诉态度做法

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
consumption (urban water supply)
The sum of customer water use and losses from a customer’s plumbing and water facilities
xiao fei liang (cheng shi gong shui)
消费量（城市供水）
水户水量道水设施水损
consumptive use
That part of water which is withdrawn from a river stream lake reservoir or aquifer and not returned as return flows infiltration or wastewater discharge because it has been lost by evaporation from humans livestock or cooling processes consumed by evapotranspiration from plants and crops or incorporated into products such as canned food or beer
xiao hao xing yong shui
消耗性水
取河流湖泊水库者含水层水中未回水渗者污水排放等形式回部分水通牲畜身体冷程中蒸发植物农作物蒸腾消耗掉者进入罐装食品者啤酒类产品中
cost recovery
Water and wastewater tariffs that enable a company to collect sufficient revenue to cover the (full) financial costs of its services
cheng ben hui shou
成回收
供水污水服务价格公司够获足够收入弥补服务（全部）财务成
costbenefit analysis
A quantitative evaluation of the total costs and total benefits of a given program or project focussing on tangible economic or financial benefits used to describe a project or compare and rank alternative project designs Usually expressed in monetary terms as IRR or IERR See also benefitcost analysis
fei yong xiao yi fen xi cheng ben xiao yi fen xi
费效益分析成效益分析
特定计划项目总费总效益进行定量评价重点放形济财务效益描述项目者项目设计方案进行较排序通常货币单位表示成部回收率者济部回收率见

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义




效益费分析
costeffectiveness
A method of project evaluation based on a comparison of the costs to achieve the same result or benefit by different means
cheng ben you xiao xing hua suan
成效性划算
手段取相结果效益需成进行项目评价方法
costs
The expenditures needed to implement a construction or general development project including the direct costs of goods services and administration as well as indirect costs resulting from negative social or environmental impacts See also environmental costs and externality costs
fei yong
费
实施建设项目者般开发项目花费包括物资服务理直接费包括负面社会者环境影响带间接费见环境费外部费
custodian
A government agency assigned the power and responsibility to collect store and maintain a set of monitoring data and make it available to the public and other users in accordance with national policies on information management
jian hu ren
监护
赋予权力责国家信息理政策采集存储维护监测资料提供公众者政府机构

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
customer class
A group of customers that share similar characteristics eg domestic institutional commercial industrial etc Customers within a single class usually have similar patterns of water use and pay the same tariff
yong hu lei bie
户类
具相似特点户群体例家庭户机构户商业户工业户等类户通常具相似水模式支付相水价
data
In its strictest sense data may be defined as the raw numbers for numeric or quantitative information on a variable available either in timeseries format (data on a single variable covering observations over specific periods of time) or in crosssectional format (data on multiple variables taken at a specific point in time)
shu ju zi liao
数资料
严格意义说数定义关变量数字者定量信息时间序列数（关变量数分布整特定时期观测值组成）断面数组（某时间点关数变量数）
data access
The ability of those that need to use information to be able to obtain and use that information
shu ju fang wen neng li shu ju fang wen quan shu ju shi yong quan shu ju fang wen tu jing
数访问力数访问权数权数访问途径
需信息够获该信息力

English 英文
Definition 定义
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Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
data directory
A computerised database which contains information on the types of data that are available the periods that are covered the agency where the data are stored whom to contact to obtain the data and what its cost might be Also called a metadatabase
shu ju mu lu
数目录
包括关已数类型覆盖时间保存单位联系费等信息计算机化数库称元数库
data management
The process and means by which data are compiled organised stored safeguarded extracted retrieved listed and disseminated Also called information management
shu ju guan li
数理
数进行整理组织存储安全保护摘录检索列表传播程手段称信息理
data quality
The accuracy by which data represent the magnitude of the physical or chemical variable being measured and the precision by which it has been analysed
shu ju zhi liang
数质量
数代表测量物理者化学变量数值准确度数分析精度
accuracy
The degree to which data on a variable reflects its actual magnitude
zhun que du jing que du
准确度精确度
关变量数反映实际数值程度

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
database
A welldefined and structured collection of data usually of the same general type which can be accessed by a computer and readily may be converted into a format suitable for further analysis presentation and forecasting
shu ju ku
数库
定义明确结构化数集合通常属类数计算机访问够方便转换成适合作进步分析显示预测格式
dataset
A collection of data or information which relates to a common theme subject or topic at a given location or within a specific area eg rainfall runoff water quality water use It may be stored in paperbased archives or electronic databases as text records digital data thematic maps written reports etc
shu ju ji
数集
关特定点者区域题数者信息集合例降水径流水质水等采文字记录数字数专题图书面报告等形式存储纸质档案者电子数库中
decentralization
To assign responsibilities or functions previously held by one level of government to a lower level of government typically from central government to provincial or local government There are many forms of decentralisation notably
zhi quan xia fang quan li xia fang
职权放权力放
原某级政府持责者职移交级政府通常中央政府移交省者方政府许中心化方式集中化授权

English 英文
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pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

deconcentration and devolution



deconcentration
To split a central government agency and divide or distribute its functions on several smaller units located throughout the agency’s jurisdictional area but with staff reporting to the headquarter Also used for a form of decentralisation that transfers administrative functions to lower levels of Government without a corresponding transfer of power and accountability In China River Basin Water Resource Commissions represent deconcentration of the Ministry of Water Resources and the administration of prefectures the deconcentration of provincial government
fen san zhi quan fen san quan li quan li xia fang
分散职权分散权力权力放
中央政府机构划分出位辖区数较单位分担职单位员然总部负责指行政职移交级政府相应移交权力绩效责中心化方式中国流域流域委员会代表水利部集中化区行政公署代表省政府集中化
divestiture
Transfer of government functions to the private sector but in practice including transfer to commercialised or corporatised companies wholly or partly owned by government eg a water or wastewater utility
bo li
剥离
政府职转交民营行业实际包括移交全部者部分政府商业化者股份制公司例供水者污水公司

English 英文
Definition 定义
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Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
devolution
Delegation of power and accountability especially by the central government to regional or local administration
ze quan xia fang quan li yi jiao shou quan
责权放权力移交授权
中央政府专权力绩效责放区者方政府
decreasing (or declining) block tariff
A pricing structure for water supply in which the price per unit water decreases stepwise with increasing use Used to give big consumers a bulk discount but conflicts with current principles for water management
di jian jie ti shui jia
递减阶梯水价
水单价着水量增加逐步降低供水水价结构水户量水折现行水资源理原相矛盾
Dublin Statement
Internationally agreed statement of four basic principles for the management and use of water resources issued by the International Conference on Water and the Environment in Dublin 1992
dublin xuan yan
柏林宣言
1992年柏林召开国际水环境会国通宣言该宣言提出水资源理利四项基原
Agenda 21
Agenda on environment and development in the 21st century agreed by world leaders at the 1
er shi yi shi ji yi cheng
21世纪议程
1992年里约热卢第届世界峰会国领导通21世纪环境发展议程中第18章提出保护淡水资源质量供应：水资源开发利保护应体化方法

English 英文
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Definition 定义

st World Summit in Rio de Janeiro 1992 Chapter 18 concerns Protection of the quality and supply of freshwater resources Application of integrated approaches to the development management and use of water resources



demand forecast
Projection of future water demand for a water supply system or group of consumers
xu shui yu ce
需水预测
整系统客户群未需水预测
demand management
Technical administrative and economic equipment measures and incentives used to reduce water consumption and future demands in order better to match consumption and demands with available resources or supplies
xu shui guan li
需水理
采技术行政济措施鼓励手段减少水未需水利水资源者供水间更实现衡
income elasticity
Factor expressing the relationship between changes in income and consumption of water An income elasticity of 05 indicates that an increase of income by 10 will result in an increase in water consumption of 5 (Applied to predict future water demands for different consumer groups including agriculture and industry Applied to predict future water demands for different consumer groups)
shou ru tan xing
收入弹性
表示收入变化水量变化间关系系数收入弹性05表示收入增加10导致水量增加5预测户群（包括农业工业）未需水见价格弹性

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

See also price elasticity



price elasticity
Factor expressing the relationship between changes in the price and consumption of water A price elasticity of 05 indicates that a 10 increase the water price will result in a 5 reduction of the water consumption Applied to predict future water demands for different consumer groups See also income elasticity
jia ge tan xing
价格弹性
表示水价变化水量变化间关系系数价格弹性05表示水价提高10导致水量减少5户群需水预测见收入弹性
demographic
Concerning population or socioeconomic conditions
ren kou de ren kou tong ji de ren kou tong ji xue de
口口统计口统计学
关口社会济条件
dependency ratio
The ratio of dependents to the productive population usually the ratio between the population in the age groups of 015 and 64+ who are assumed to be economically unproductive and to those in the age group 15 64 but country specific
fu yang bi lü fu yang lü yi lai du
抚养率抚养率赖度
生产口生活口例通常015岁64岁口（认事济生产口）1564岁口间例国具体情况

English 英文
Definition 定义
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Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
depreciation of assets
Adjustment of the value of assets eg infrastructure buildings and land in the accounts of a water company to reflect the gradual deterioration in the condition of infrastructure over its lifetime In practice the value of buildings and land will often appreciate ie increase in value
zi chan zhe jiu
资产折旧
供水公司帐户中基础设施建筑土等资产价值调整反映基础设施状况期限逐渐退化实际建筑土常常升值
develop
To activate previously unused human and natural resources for new and more productive or beneficial uses
kai fa
开发（动词）
激活原未利力然资源新生产更价值者更加益途
development
The process developing
kai fa
开发（名词）
开发程
diffuse pollution
Water pollution produced by landuse activities taking place over a large area Occurs when runoff or infiltration leaches pesticides fertilizers animal wastes and other pollution into rivers streams lakes reservoirs groundwater aquifers Also called
mian yuan wu ran
面源污染
范围土利活动产生水污染径流者渗农药肥料动物粪便污染物带入河流湖泊水库含水层时发生面源污染称非点源污染

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

nonpoint source pollution



discharge permit or license
A permit granted by the regulatory authority to discharge wastewater of specified quality and volume
wu shui pai fang xu ke zheng huo zhi zhao
污水排放许证执
部门发放允许排放符合规定质量求污水许证者执
discount rate
A percentage value that is used to adjust the forecast of future expenditures or investment to their present day value taking account of interest rates and inflation See also present value
zhe suan lü
折算率
考虑利率通货膨胀影响调整未支出投资预测值现值百分数见现值
dissemination
The provision of data and information to the public or specific target groups
chuan bo xuan chuan
传播宣传
公众者特定目标群体提供数信息
distributed database
A database with different parts stored on computers in different locations linked together by a network
fen bu shi shu ju ku
分布式数库
部分储存点计算机通网络相互连接起数库
distribution costs
The costs to a water company of managing and operating a water distribution system
pei shui fei yong
配水费
供水公司理营配水系统费
distribution facilities
Pipes storage booster pumps and other facilities used to distribute drinking water to endusers
pei shui she shi
配水设施
终户分配饮水道蓄水设备增压泵设施

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
booster pump
Pump used to increase pressure in a transmission or distribution pipe
zeng ya beng sheng ya beng
增压泵升压泵
增加输水者配水道压力水泵
distribution network
The pipe system for distribution of water to consumers often divided into feeder mains bringing water to different sections of a town and distribution mains bringing water to individual consumer connections
pei shui guan wang
配水网
户配水道系统常常分水输城市段支干水送户接配水干
distribution losses
The total water loss from the water company distribution system
pei shui sun shi
配水损失
供水公司配水系统水损
diversified economy

Economy of government water agencies which engage in business activities outside their primary government assigned function in order to supplement government funding with income that will enable increase of staff salaries and better funding for the primary water function (Common The business is usually conducted in subsidiaries established under China's Company Law and may or may not be related to the water sector)
duo zhong jing ying duo zhong jing ying jing ji
种营
种营济
政府水利机构事政府规定基职外营活动弥补政府提供资金足营收入增加职工工资扩业务资金源通常营活动根中国公司法建立附属公司进行水利行业关系没关系

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
diversion
A hydraulic structure to divert part the flow in a river to a separate distribution eg a weir and associated irrigation canals Also used for the amount of water that is diverted in order to distinguish between the volume that is diverted and the volume that actually is used
yin shui fen shui yin shui she shi yin shui liang
引水分水引水设施引水量
河流引走部分水流水道水利工程例引水堰相关灌溉渠道指引水量区分引水量实际量
domestic consumption monitors
Methods by which water companies assess unmetered consumption by monitoring the consumption for a sample of the population
sheng huo yong shui liang jian ce fang fa sheng huo hao shui liang jian ce fang fa jia ting yong shui jian ce
生活水量监测方法生活耗水监测方法家庭水监测
供水公司通样口水进行监测评价未计量水量方法
domestic water supply
Water used for household purposes including drinking cooking personal hygiene washing clothes and dishes flushing toilets and outside uses such as watering of domestic animals kitchen gardens and lawns and car washing
sheng huo gong shui
生活供水
指家庭水包括饮烹饪卫生洗衣洗餐具厕家养动物饮菜园草坪灌溉洗车等户外水

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
drainage
Removing excess water or wastewater from urban areas or agricultural land
pai shui
排水
市区者农土量水者污水排走
drainage basin
See catchment
liu yu
流域
见catchment
drawdown
The drop in the ground water table caused by pumping from a groundwater well and in the form of a cone of depression
di xia shui wei xia jiang di xia shui wei xia jiang chui zhi ju li jiang shen
水位降水位降垂直距离降深
水井抽水引起水面呈漏斗形降落
cone of depression
The broadly conical depression of the watertable around a groundwater well that develops in response to pumping from the well
di xia shui xia jiang lou dou
水降漏斗
水井周围井中抽水形成致呈漏斗状潜水面
watertable
The surface of groundwater in an aquifer which is in contact with the atmosphere (through the pore spaces of overlying sediments)
di xia shui wei qian shui mian
水位潜水面
含水层中（通方泥沙中空隙）气接触水表面
drilled well
A borehole drilled into the ground in order to investigate or abstract groundwater
zuan jing
钻井
调查者开采水钻井孔
drivers
The key factors or actors that influence a situation or decision propel the system forward and have significant influence o
tui dong yin su
推动素
影响某种状况者决定推动系统发展结果产生重影响关键素者角色

English 英文
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Definition 定义

n the outcome



drought
A long period with rainfall significantly below average causing water shortages with serious impact on the water environment ecosystems and agricultural production Often misused to describe water shortages in a single or successive years caused by inadequate assessment of water resources and poor planning of their use
gan han
干旱
长期连续数年降水明显少均水造成缺水水环境生态系统农业生产带严重影响常常错误说明水资源评价水资源利规划造成某年者连续数年发生缺水
drought management
Plans and actions taken to alleviate the negative impacts of drought or temporary water shortages including restrictions on water use reduction of water allocations to low value uses emergency water supply arrangements and other emergency relief
gan han guan li
干旱理
缓解干旱者时性缺水负面影响编制计划采取行动包括限制水削减低价值途分配水量应急供水措施紧急救助措施
earth summit
Meetings of world leaders at Rio de Janeiro (1992) and Johannesburg (2002) to discuss environment and development
quan qiu feng hui
全球峰会
1992年里约热卢2002年约翰斯堡召开讨环境发展问题世界首脑会议

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
ecologically sustainable development
See sustainable development
sheng tai ke chi xu fa zhan
生态持续发展
见持续发展
ecology
The relationships between living organisms and their environment or the study of such relationships
sheng tai sheng tai xue
生态生态学
生物环境关系者关种关系学科
economic efficiency
The efficiency of an investment in a water project seen in government perspective ie measured by its Economic Internal Rate of Return which is calculated as the average annual profit over the lifetime of the investment using prices that exclude government duties taxes and subsidies
jing ji xiao lü
济效率
政府角度水利项目投资效率济部回收率衡量效率济部回收率根包括政府关税税收补贴价格计算项目期限年均利润表示
economic good
The Dublin Statement advocates that water should be considered an economic good ie a commodity that can be traded through markets and be assigned a value in all its uses in order to rank its allocation for different uses See also
jing ji wu pin jing ji shang pin you jia wu pin
济物品济商品价物品
柏林宣言提出应水成济物品够通市场交易商品够途赋予价值途间水分配进行排序见社会物品

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

social good



social good
Water is considered a social good when it is used for social purposes and delivered for free or at a price below the production and distribution costs made possible by government subsidy or crosssubsidisation eg the basic needs of water for health and hygiene of poor households or irrigation projects in remote areas to create employment opportunities and support poverty alleviation
she hui wu pin
社会物品
水社会目免费提供者政府提供补贴横补贴情况低生产分配成价格提供时成社会物品例满足贫困家庭健康卫生基需水者偏远区灌溉工程需水创造业机会帮助扶贫
economic instruments
Means of controlling the demand for a product such as water by use of pricing mechanisms including water charges progressive tariffs water resource fees or other financial incentives andor disincentives
jing ji shou duan
济手段
利价格机制控制象水样产品需求方法包括水费阶梯水价水资源费者济措施
economic level of leakage
The financially optimal level of leakage where the marginal cost of active leakage control equals the marginal cost of water losses It is financially attractive for a water company to reduce leakage to the economic level but not below that level Government can influence the level through water resource fees on the abstracted amount of water
jing ji shen lou shui ping
济渗漏水
财务佳渗漏水水积极渗漏控制边际成等水损边际成供水公司说渗漏降低低水财务吸引力政府通根取水数量收取水资源费影响水

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
ecosphere
All the ecosystems on Earth along with their interactions the sphere of air water and land in which all life is found
sheng tai quan sheng tai ceng sheng wu yu
生态圈生态层生物域
球相互作生态系统生命赖存气水土圈
ecosystem
A complex system formed by the interaction of living organisms with their environment
sheng tai xi tong sheng tai xi
生态系统生态系
生物环境相互作形成复杂系统
effluent
Wastewater treated or untreated that is discharged from drains sewers wastewater treatment plants or industrial outfalls into surface waters 
wu shui fei shui
污水废水
处理者未处理排水沟水道污水处理厂者工厂排水口排入表水体污水
emerging issue
An issue that is likely to develop into a problem in the near future but not yet warrants action
zheng zai chu xian de wen ti
正出现问题
会期成难题问题尚需采取行动
enduser
Water user at the end of the distributioin network eg domestic commercial institutional industrial or governmental cons
zhong duan yong shui hu
终端水户
位配水网终端水户例居民商业机构工业者政府水户

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

umer



El Nino
Cyclic changes in the ocean currents and atmosphere over the South Pacific Ocean that at intervals of approximately 7 years bring above average rainfall to SE Asia and Southern China and below average rainfall to Indonesia New Guinea and Australia
el nino xian xiang
厄尔尼诺现象
南太洋海洋潮流气周期变化约7年发生次东南亚中国南方降水超均值印度尼西亚新亚澳利亚降水少均值
environment
The sum of all external conditions affecting life Encompasses the natural environment (biological and physical) and the human environment (social cultural and economic) Also used to describe the external conditions affecting an institution
huan jing
环境
影响生命外部条件总包括然环境（生物物理环境）类环境（社会文化济）描述影响机构外部条件
environmental costs
The negative impacts of a project on the natural environment that are difficult to quantify and compensate for in economic terms
huan jing fei yong huan jing cheng ben huan bao fei yong
环境费环境成环保费
项目然环境造成难济价值定量补偿负面影响
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
Thorough and systematic process to identify describe and assess the environmental impacts of a project or programme and the possible actions to avoid reduce or otherwise mitigate the negative impacts
huan jing ying xiang ping jia
环境影响评价
详系统确定描述评估项目计划环境影响避免减少者方式

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

Increasingly used as decision support tool for infrastructure projects


缓解负面影响采取行动程越越作基础设施项目决策支持手段
Social Impact Assessment (SIA)
Thorough and systematic process to identify describe and assess the social impacts of a project or programme and the possible actions to avoid reduce or otherwise mitigate the negative impacts Increasingly used as decision support tool for infrastructure projects
she hui ying xiang ping jia
社会影响评价
详系统确定描述评估项目计划社会影响避免减少方式缓解负面影响采取行动程越越作基础设施项目决策支持手段
equality n
The state of being equal of same quality rank or value Equality among water users means that all users have access to water resources or water supply on the same conditions eg the same price for the same service
ping deng
等
相等状态具相质量档次者价值状态水户间等意味着相条件享水资源者供水例样服务支付样价格

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
equitable adj
Fair unbiased objectice eg equitable access to water resources or water supply gives all water users access to the basic needs of water at an affordable price
gong ping de gong zheng de gong ping he li de
公公正公合理
公正偏偏见例水资源者供水公分享水户基需水够力支付价格满足
equity n
Share capital which gives each shareholder rights to company assets and earnings in proportion to the nominal value of the shares
gu piao gu ben
股票股
股东股票票面价值例公司资产收入享权利股份资
existing users
All water users who are connected to an existing water distribution network
xian you yong hu
现户
现配水网连接水户
exploitation
The beneficial use of water or other natural resources
kai cai cai jue kai fa
开采采掘开发
水然资源益利
externality costs
The costs that the activities of an individual or organisation imposes on others not benefiting from the activity or less commonly the benefits derived by others from activities they do not contribute to can be economic environmental or social
wai bu fei yong
外部费
组织活动未该活动中获益组织承担费者较少情况指未作出贡献活动中获效益济环境社会

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
economic externalities
Externality costs that can be measured in economic terms eg the costs for treatment of domestic water that upstream water users impose on downstram water users by discharge of polluted wastewater
jing ji wai bu xing
济外部性
够济价值衡量外部费例游水户排放污染废水游水户生活水进行处理发生费
environmental externalities
Environmental impacts that cannot be quantified and fully compensated in economic terms eg the negative impact that discharge of polluted wastewater has on the ecology of the receiving waters
huan jing wai bu xing
环境外部性
济价值定量充分补偿环境影响例污染废水排放纳污水体生态负面影响
social externalities
Social impacts that cannot be quantified and fully compensated in economic terms eg the negative impacts on public health from discharge and reuse of polluted wastewater
she hui wai bu xing
社会外部性
济价值定量充分补偿社会影响例污染废水排放回公众健康造成负面影响
opportunity costs
The value of production or social benefits that are foregone or preempted when a scarce resource such as water is allocated or used for low rather than high value purposes
ji hui cheng ben
机会成
诸水资源类稀缺资源分配者低价值非高价值途放弃生产价值者社会效益

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
value of water
The value that water has to different users can be economic eg the marginal or added value that the use of water has in industrial or agricultural production or social eg the value that the use of water to improve health and hygiene has to domestic users
shui de jia zhi
水价值
水户价值济价值例工农业水产生增加值者社会价值例改善健康卫生水家庭户价值
extraction
See abstraction
qu shui
取水
参abstraction
falkenmark indicator
Indicator on renewable water resources measured as volume per capita per year used to describe the level of water scarcity or water stress which typically occurs when the indicator is below 1700 m3capitayear and is said to be severe when it falls below 1000 m3capitayear
falkenmark zhi biao
富肯马克指标
年均水量计算更新水资源指标说明水资源短缺者紧张程度通常该指标低1700立方米年时表示水资源紧张低1000立方米年时表示严重紧张
fixed charge
The portion of a water bill that does not vary with water consumption
gu ding shui fei
固定水费
水费帐单中水量变化部分
fixed costs
Costs associated with production and delivery of water that do not vary with the amount of water produced or sold
gu ding cheng ben gu ding fei yong
固定成固定费
产水量售水量变化水生产供水服务成

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
floodplain
The flat or nearly flat land along a river or stream or in a tidal area that is covered by water during flooding 
he man tan man tan fan hong ping yuan
河漫滩漫滩泛洪原
河者位潮间区坦土者坦土发生洪水时淹没
flush controllers
Sensors that can be installed on urinals to prevent flushing when they are not being used
chong shui kong zhi qi
水控制器
安装便池防止时水传感装置
activity
Action or concrete work carried out to produce or contribute to a specific output of a project
huo dong
活动
项目特定产出者作出贡献行动者具体工作
assumption
Condition or decision which is necessary for successful implementation of a project but largely or wholly beyond the control of the project management used in Logical Framework Approach
jia she
假设
成功实施项目需条件者决定程度者完全项目理者控制范围逻辑框架方法中
development objective
Used in Logical Framework Approach to describe the broad or longterm changes or impacts that a project or programme will contribute to Also called goal
fa zhan mu biao
发展目标
逻辑框架方法中描述项目者计划作出贡献广泛长期变化影响称长期目标
goal
The broad or longterm changes or impacts that a project or programme will contribute to The highest level objective also called
chang qi mu biao
长期目标
项目者计划作出贡献广泛者长期变化影响高层次目标

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

development objective in a Logical Framework


逻辑框架中称发展目标
immediate objectives
Used in Logical Framework Approach to describe the immediate and concrete results that a project or programme has been designed to achieve Also called purpose
jin qi mu biao
期目标
逻辑框架方法中描述计划者项目设计提出实现期具体成果英语中称purpose
input
The funds personnel materials and equipment that are necessary for a project to produce its outputs
tou ru
投入
项目实现产出需资金员材料设备
logical framework
Summary of a project design ie its goal purpose outputs inputs indicators assumptions and risks systematically arranged in a matrix reflecting their hierarchy and mutual relations also called project matrix
luo ji kuang jia
逻辑框架
项目设计概长期目标期目标产出投入指标假定风险矩阵形式系统加排列反映间层次相互关系称项目矩阵
Logical Framework Approach (LFA)
Management tool used in identification planning implementation and evaluation of a project LFA describes a project in terms of its goal purpose outputs ac
luo ji kuang jia fang fa
逻辑框架方法
项目确定设计实施评价理方法该方法项目长期目标期目标产出活动投入风险假设衡量项目成客观验证指标描述项目

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

tivities inputs risks and assumptions as well as objectively verifiable indicators to measure its success



objective
A more specific statement than a goal describing the changes or impacts that a project or programme will contribute to or achieve In the Logical Framework Approach development objective is often used synonymously with goal for the long term changes while immediate objective may be used synonymously with purpose for the intermediate steps towards a goal
mu biao
目标
项目者计划作出贡献者实现变化影响做描述goal相较具体逻辑框架方法中常常发展目标作描述长期变化goal义词期目标作描述实现长期目标程中步骤purpose义词
output
The results that a project is designed to produce and guaranteed the necessary inputs for
chan chu
产出
项目设计规定实现结果保证项目必投入
output indicator
Indicator which tracks whether project outputs are produced on time and in the expected quantity and quality
chan chu zhi biao
产出指标
踪项目否时预期数量质量提供产出指标

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
project matrix
Summary of a project design systematically describing and arranging all key elements factors and consequences of successful project implementation and their mutual relations in a logical framework ie goal purpose outputs inputs indicators assumptions and risks
xiang mu ju zhen
项目矩阵
项目设计概逻辑框架形式系统描述排列项目成功实施涉关键素结果相互间关系包括长期目标期目标产出投入指标假设风险
purpose
The immediate and concrete results that a project or programme has been designed to achieve Also called immediate objective in the Logical Framework Approach
jin qi mu biao mu di yi tu
期目标目意图
项目者计划设计提出实现期具体成果逻辑框架方法中英语称immediate objective
function
The basic role of a an organisation or of a unit or department within an organisation eg planning management marketing production billing and collection accounting operation and maintenance etc
zhi neng
职
组织者组织部单位部门基功例计划理营销生产计费收费会计运行维护等
governance
The manner or function of governing and exercising authority Generally used to include
zhi li shi zheng guan xia
治理施政辖
行统治权力方式者职通常包括选举制度法律制度司法公理提供基服务保护然资源力等

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

electoral and legislative systems justice and public administration capacity to deliver basic services and protect natural resources



HRD
Human Resources Development
 
 
力资源开发缩写
Human Development Index (HDI)
A composite indicator which combines health education and living standard HDI is calculated from the life expectancy literacy school enrolment and GDP and is published annually by UNDP in Human Development Report
ren lei fa zhan zhi shu
类发展指数
包括健康教育生活标准素复合指标根预期寿命识字率入学率国生产总值进行计算联合国开发计划署类发展报告中年度发布
human resources development (HRD)
Process to bring the skills of staff in line with new requirements to the organisation they work in
ren li zi yuan kai fa
力资源开发
根组织机构新求提高职员技程
institution
Organisation or individual agency with a specific structure and hierarchy of authority a formal allocation of responsibilities and tasks and operating under a set of values and interests which define the way it presents itself to the world Used in the water sector for an agency involved in the planning management or use of water resources or in the delivery of water services
ji gou shi ye dan wei yuan xiao yuan suo zhi du
机构事业单位院校院制度
组织者独立单位具特定结构权力层次责务正式分工社会承诺价值标准工作领域进行运作水行业中指水资源规划理利者水利服务关单位

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
institutional arrangement
The legislation and regulations that govern and influence the behaviour and interaction of different institutions within a sector
ji gou an pai
机构安排
支配影响行业中机构行相互关系法律规
institutional assessment
Analysis of a country’s government structure the institutional arrangements of specific sectors or the formal and informal functioning of an individual organization The result of a strategic institutional assessment would be a proposal for a statute describing the vision mandate and responsibility of the institution
ji gou ping jia
机构评价
国家政府结构特定行业机构安排者单组织正式非正式作进行分析战略性机构评价结果包括展职权责等容机构章程提出建议
institutional change
The strengthening or development of an institution to meet new demands or responsibilities
ji gou bian hua ji gou zhuan bian
机构变化机构转变
满足新需求承担新责加强者发展机构

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
institutional development
Supporting a sector or organization to improve its external effectiveness ie its role and function in relation to other organisations and the public Comprises both direct support to the organisation and building of the capacity of the organisation to plan implement and manage its own change programme
ji gou fa zhan
机构发展
支持行业者组织改善外部效组织公众关职包括该组织该组织设计执行理身改革计划力建设提供直接帮助
institutional strengthening
See organisational strengthening
ji gou jia qiang
机构加强
见组织加强
institutional structure
The hierarchy of institutions within or between sectors and the rules and regulations that govern the division of authority responsibly and functions between them and their internal communication
ti zhi jie gou ji gou she zhi
体制结构机构设置
行业者行业间机构层次支配机构间权力责职分工部交流规
mission
A concise statement describing the goal or purpose of an organization
shi ming ren wu
命务
组织长期目标者期目标简明陈述
organisational strengthening
Supporting an organisation to improve its internal efficiency by restructuring updating and modernisation of internal working procedures mod
zu zhi jia qiang
组织加强
支持组织通部工作程序重组改进现代化更新设备员进行相应调整提高部效率

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

ernising equipment and corresponding adjustments of staffing



organizational structure
The distribution of functions activities processes and responsibilities within an organization where function refers to the basic role of each unit or department eg administration accounting operation and maintenance etc activities are subsets of functions eg individual jobs or tasks processes refer to the ways in which functions and tasks are strung together within the organization and responsibilities refer to the authority vested in individuals and the lines of accountability that exist in an organization
zu zhi jie gou
组织结构
组织部职活动程序责分配里职指单位者部门基功例行政理会计运行维护等活动指职组成部分例独立工作务程序指组织部项职务安排序责指授予权力组织种绩效责
board of directors
A committee comprising the director(s) and other leaders of an organisation or company supporting
dong shi hui
董事会
董事领导组成组织者公司委员会组织公司总理者首席执行官进行公司日常理提供支持

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

the managing director or chief executive in the daily management of the company



international best practice
Work practices in a particular field that among sector professional are recognized widely as being the best in the world at the present time
guo ji zui jia fang fa
国际佳方法
特定领域里行业专业员广泛认代世界佳工作方法
manage vb
Systematic decision making allocation of resources supervision of work and monitoring of progress within a sector or an organisation in order to achieve agreed goals or objectives
guan li
理（动词）
行业者组织系统进行决策资源分配工作监督进展监测实现议定目标
management board
An elected or appointed committee which decides on the goals and objectives of an organisation or company approves the plans and budgets prepared by the director or board or directors and monitors the performance
guan li wei yuan hui
理委员会
选举产生者命组成委员会负责确定组织者公司目标批准理者董事会提出计划预算绩效进行监督
management n
The members mainly the leaders of the administration
guan li ceng
理层
组织者公司理部门成员领导成员

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

of an organisation or company



marginal cost
The cost of producing and supplying an additional unit of water including both the extra operational costs and any capital costs to invest in extra production capacity
bian ji cheng ben
边际成
生产供应单位水量成包括增加运行成增加生产力进行资投资
marginalcost pricing
A method of water tariff design where prices reflect the costs associated with producing the next increment of supply thus taking account of future expansions of the water supply system
bian ji cheng ben ding jia
边际成定价
反映供水增量生产成考虑供水系统未扩展水价设计方法
µgl
microgrammes per litre used to measure the concentration of dissolved substances approximately equal to ppb
wei ke sheng
微克升
度量溶解物质浓度指标似十亿分
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5)
The amount of oxygen consumed in the biological processes that break down organic matter in water An important indicator on the degree of organic pollution BOD5 is measured by reaction between water and an oxidising compound over a period 5 days hence the
sheng hua xu yang liang sheng hua hao yang liang
生化需氧量(BOD5)生化耗氧量
水中机物分解生物程耗氧量反映机污染程度重指标生化需氧量(BOD5)5天机物完全分解水某种氧化剂间反应衡量英语缩写5标

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

suffix 5 in order to allow for total breakdown or organic matter



BOD5
Biochemical Oxygen Demand
 
 
生化需氧量缩写
coliform bacteria
A group of relatively harmless microorganisms that live in large numbers in the intestines of humans and animals A specific subgroup is the faecal coliforms whose presence in aquatic environments indicates that the water has been polluted by faecal material
da chang jun da chang xing xi jun da chang gan jun
肠菌肠型细菌肠杆菌
类相害量生存动物肠微生物中种粪便肠菌水环境中发现种菌表明水受粪便污染
dissolved oxygen (DO)
The amount of oxygen dissolved in surface water and freely available to fish and other aquatic life or for oxidation of decaying organic matter or gasses released from such decay The DO level is considered the most important indicator of a water body’s ability to support desirable aquatic life
rong jie yang
溶解氧
溶解表水中够直接供鱼类水生生物者腐烂机物腐烂释放气体氧化利氧气数量溶解氧水认衡量水体支持良水生生命力重指标

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
Escherichia coli (Ecoli)
Type of coliform bacteria used as indicator of faecal pollution of water
da chang gan jun
肠杆菌
种作水粪便污染指标肠菌
faecal coliforms
A subgroup of coliform bacteria whose presence in water is an indicator of pollution by human or animal faeces
fen bian da chang jun
粪便肠菌
肠菌种水中含种细菌表明受类者动物粪便污染
mgl
milligrammes per litre used to measure the concentration of dissolved substances approximately equal to ppm
hao ke sheng
毫克升
测量溶解物质浓度指标似百万分
ppb
parts per billion used to measure concentrations of trace elements in solids or solutions
shi yi fen zhi yi
十亿分
测量固体者溶液中微量元素浓度指标
ppm
parts per million used to measure concentrations of trace elements in solids or solutions
bai wan fen zhi yi
百万分
测量固体者溶液中微量元素浓度指标
discounting
Calculation method to convert future benefits expenditure or investment costs into their equivalent present day value calculated by deduction of the average interest that present day capital could earn in the period up to the time when the actual expenditure is incurred
zhe xian
折现
未效益支出者投资费折算成现值计算方法扣现资金实际支出发生日前时期里够获均利息

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
incremental cost
The additional cost per unit of water that is required to increase production by a small amount eg 1 The cost includes both the increase in direct production costs and the capital costs of investment in additional production capacity See marginal cost
cheng ben zeng liang zeng liang cheng ben bian ji cheng ben
成增量增量成边际成
幅度（例1）增加产水量需单位水量成增量该成增量包括直接生产成增加值提高生产力需基建投资费见边际成
long run marginal cost
The additional costs associated with supplying larger volumes of water including both the additional production costs and the capital costs of the investment needed to expand the production system
chang qi bian ji cheng ben
长期边际成
扩供水量产生成增量包括生产成增量扩生产系统需基建投资费
net benefits
The numerical difference between total benefits and total costs both of which must be expressed in the same unit (usually dollars) See costeffectiveness
jing xiao yi
净效益
总效益总成数值差额两者必须相单位（通常元）见成效

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
net present cost
The sum of present and future expenditures discounted to their present value
fei yong jing xian zhi
费净现值
前未费现值总
net present value
The present value of total benefits less the value of total costs both discounted to their present value
jing xian zhi
净现值
总效益现值减总成现值
present value
Future expenditures expressed in terms of present values by adjusting for the time value of money using a discount rate that is based on financing costs
xian zhi
现值
利投资成确定折现率未支出折算前货币价值反映资金时间价值
Gini coefficient
Indicator on income inequality ranging from zero (no inequality) to one (maximum inequality) Measured graphically using a Lorenz diagram where it is calculated as the ratio of the area between the line of equal income distribution and the curve of actual income distribution to the total area below the line of equal income distribution
gi ni xi shu
基尼系数吉尼系数
反映收入等指数数值范围0（没等）1（等）利洛伦兹图图解法求等收入分布线实际收入分布曲线间面积等收入分布线总面积

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
Lorenz curve
A Lorenz curve can be used to illustrate the inequality of the income distribution within a population The curve is constructed by plotting the cumulative income of the population against the cumulative percentage of the population having incomes equal to or lower than a given value The deviation of the curve from a straight line is a measure of the income inequality and may be expressed as the Gini coefficient
lorenz qu xian
洛伦兹曲线
洛伦兹曲线说明口中收入分配等口累计收入收入等低某特定值口累计百分坐标点绘曲线该曲线直线偏差收入等衡量标准表示成基尼系数
Lorenz diagram
Diagram of Lorenz curves used to show or compare the inequality of the income distribution within or between populations or its change with time The area between the line of equal income distribution and the Lorenz curve is a measure of the inequality of the income distribution and the ratio of its size to the total area below the line of equal income distribution is the
lorenz tu
洛伦兹图
说明者较口中者口间收入等收入等时间变化洛伦兹曲线图等收入分布线洛伦兹曲线间面积收入分配等衡量标准等收入分布线方面积基尼系数

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

Gini coefficient



incentive charging
Water fees or charges designed to give customers an economic incentive to achieve a specific objective for example an increasing block tariff to reduce water consumption
ji li xing shou fei
激励性收费
达特定目消费者提供济奖励水费制度例：采递增阶梯水价减少水量
increasing block tariff
A pricing structure for water supply with stepwise increase of the price per unit water from one block to the next Commonly used reduce overall water consumption and enable supply of the basic needs of domestic water to poor households eg 0 – 6 m3month at an affordable price
di zeng jie ti shui jia
递增阶梯水价
单位水价水量逐段递增增加水价结构通常降低水总量贫困家庭力支付价格提供基生活水例06立方米月范围水
uniform rate
A water tariff with the same price per unit water irrespective of the amount of water used
tong yi shui jia gu ding shui fei bao jia shui fei
统水价固定水费包价水费
单位水价水量变化水价结构
flat fee
A water tariff with the same price per unit water irrespective of the amount of water used
tong yi shui fei gu ding shui fei bao jia shui fei
统水费固定税费包价水费
单位水价水量变化水价结构
headworks
Hydraulic works for abstraction or diversion of water to an irrigation system eg a weir dam or p
qu shou
渠首
灌溉系统取水引水水利工程例堰坝者泵站

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

umping station



hydraulic works
Works specifically constructed to regulate the flow of water in space and time include dams weirs canals channels pumping stations sluices etc
shui li gong cheng
水利工程
专门调节水流时空分布建设工程包括水坝堰运河沟渠泵站水闸等
primary canals
Irrigation canals conveying water from a headwork to secondary canals
gan qu
干渠
水渠首输支渠灌溉渠道
secondary canals
Irrigation canals conveying water from primary canals to offtakes for individual irrigation scheme
zhi qu
支渠
水干渠输灌片进水口灌溉渠道
tertiary canals
Irrigation canals and ditches distributing water to individual fields
dou qu
斗渠
水分配块灌溉渠道
fullcost pricing
Pricing for a water service (eg water supply wastewater or drainage) that is designed to recover all the costs of providing that service from users Full costs can be defined in financial or economic terms Financial costs include capital investment interest payments operating and management expenses costs of maintaining and replacing capital facilities and any fees imposed by regulatory authorities Economic costs differ from financial costs by recognizing
quan cheng ben ding jia quan e cheng ben ding jia
全成定价全额成定价
旨消费者回收全部服务成水务服务（例供水污水排水服务）定价方法全成定义采财务定义者济定义财务成包括基建投资利息支付运行理费固定设施维护更新费监部门收取费济成财务成考虑

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

opportunity costs and externalities


机会成外部性
affirmative action
Decisions and activities which give preference to a particular group of people often women eg the reservation of a number of seats in parliament for women or the mandatory inclusion of women in communitybased water management committees
you dai cuo shi fan qi shi cuo shi
优措施反歧视措施
予特定群体（常常妇女）优惠遇决定行动例议会中妇女保留定席位者法令中规定社区水理委员会中包括妇女等
Appraisal
Assessment of the relevance feasibility and sustainability of a project used as basis for a decision whether or not to go ahead with implementation of the project
ping gu ping jia jian ding
评估评价鉴定
项目相关性行性持续性进行评估作决定否继续执行项目
beneficiaries
The people or institutions who directly or indirectly benefit from a project
shou yi zhe
受益者
直接者间接项目获益者机构

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
blueprint
Technical design drawing reproduced by an obsolete photoprinting technique commonly used to describe plans that prescribe a specific and inflexible development
lan tu xiang jin ji hua
蓝图详计划
采已时影印技术复制技术设计图纸通常描述容具体变更开发计划
Brundtland Report
The report Our Common Future issued in 1987 by the World Commission on Environment and Development Often called the Brundtland report after the chairperson of the commission the then Prime Minister of Norway Ms Gro Harlem Brundtland The report is one of the key environmental documents of the 20th century representing the preliminary culmination of a growing global awareness of the environmental problems facing the Earth and the need for action
brundtland bao gao
布伦特兰报告
1987年世界环境发展委员会发表未报告该委员会席时挪威首相G H 布伦特兰夫该报告常常称布伦特兰报告该报告20世纪关键环境文件代表全世界球面环境问题需采取行动认识断提高达第顶点
civil works
Constructions that serve civil society eg dams water supply systems sewers systems irrigation he
tu jia gong cheng min yong gong cheng
土建工程民工程
公民社会提供服务工程例水坝供水系统污水系统灌溉渠首配电系统等

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

adworks electricity distribution systems etc



compliance monitoring
Indicator to monitor whether relevant project or government procedures rules and regulations are being followed and achieve the desired results
he gui jian ce
合规监测
监测关计划者政府程序规制度否遵守预期结果
effectiveness
A measure of the extent to which a project or programme achieves its purpose and goal
xiao guo
效果
评价项目者计划实现期长期目标程度种衡量标准
efficiency
The productivity of project implementation measured as the unit costs of producing specific outputs compared with similar projects or best practices Used in project evaluation
xiao lü
效率
项目实施生产率特定产出单位成类似项目者先进方法相较衡量项目评价中
environmental flow
The flow within a stream that is necessary to maintain a well functioning aquatic habitat and ecology expressed as a percentage of the original mean annual flow It is generally agreed that 40 of the original flow is required to maintain good habitat conditions while 30 is fair and 10 or less is poor
huan jing liu liang
环境流量
水生生境生态维持良功河流必需流量原均年流量百分表示般认维持良生境条件需保持原流量4030代表中等10代表良

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
evaluation
Systematic assessment of the performance of a programme or project comprising its efficiency effectiveness impact sustainability and relevance
ping jia
评价
系统评估计划者项目绩效包括效率效果影响持续性相关性
evapotranspiration
Evaporation from plants and crops
zheng fa zheng teng teng fa
蒸发蒸腾腾发
植物农作物蒸发
framework plan
A national river basin or other high level plan which forms the basis for more detailed plans for individual sectors subsectors subbasins and so on that must be consistent with the framework plan eg the Strategic Plan for National Water Resources and Comprehensive Plans for River Basins to be prepared according to the 2002 Water Law
kuang jia gui hua
框架规划
国家流域者种类高级规划行业子行业子流域等较详细规划提供者必须框架规划保持致例2002年水法规定全国水资源战略规划流域综合规划属框架规划
fundamental dataset
Original data obtained directly by observation and measurement
yuan shi shu ju ji
原始数集
通观测测量直接获原始数

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
gender mainstreaming
Incorporation of gender perspectives into water resource management strategies
she hui xing bie zhu liu hua
社会性流化
水资源理战略中引入社会性观点
global warming
The warming of the Earth's atmosphere and oceans attributed to human activities including the impact from burning of fossil fuels and the emission of gasses that contribute to the greenhouse effect
quan qiu bian nuan
全球变暖
球气海洋类活动变暖包括燃烧矿物燃料温室效应气体排放影响
Global Water Partnership
An international network established in 1996 open to all organizations involved in water resource management created in response to the agreement in Agenda 21 to promote integrated water resource management at field level
quan qiu shui huo ban
全球水伙伴
1996年成立国际网络组织参水资源理组织开放成立目响应21世纪议程中达成识推动实际水资源统理
grant aid
A transfer payment usually from one government to another ie technical assistance and funds that do not have to be repaid
zeng kuan yuan zhu
赠款援助
通常政府间转移支付需偿技术援助资金
Greenhouse Effect
Heating of the Earth's atmosphere caused by preferential reflection of infrared radiation from clouds and gasses in the atmosphere that slows down the loss of heat from the Earth Increased emission of gasses such as carbondioxide and methane from human activities are enhancing the Greenhouse Effect and causing
wen shi xiao ying
温室效应
云层气中气体红外线辐射反射减缓球热量损失导致球气温度升高类活动排放二氧化碳甲烷等气体增长正强化温室效应导致

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

global warming


全球变暖
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
The total monetary value calculated at market prices of all goods and services produced in an economy over one year
guo nei sheng chan zong zhi
国生产总值
济体年中提供产品服务市场价格计算总货币价值
groundwater
Water occurring in the pores voids and fractures of soils sediments or rocks and saturating all open space
di xia shui
水
土壤泥沙者岩层孔隙裂缝中包含充满开敞空间水
groundwater recharge
Rain or surface water that infiltrates the soil and percolates through the unsaturated zone to become groundwater
di xia shui bu ji di xia shui hui bu
水补水回补
降水者表水渗入土壤通饱带成水
headcount
The number of people with an identified characteristic eg living below the p
zong ren shu
总数
具致特征（例生活贫困线）群体数

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

overty line



heavy metals
Metallic elements with high atomic weights eg copper lead zinc mercury cadmium and arsenic which tend to accumulate in the food chain causing chronic diseases
zhong jin shu
重金属
高原子量金属元素例铜铅锌汞砷元素常常食物链中积累引起慢性疾病
holistic
Taking all relevant factors into account
tong chou de zheng ti de
统筹整体
考虑相关素
hydrodynamic model
A computerised model used to simulate the flow of water in shallow seas lakes rivers or canals eg the speed and direction of currents or the progression of a flood wave along a river course
liu ti dong li xue mo xing
流体动力学模型
模拟浅海湖泊河流者渠道中水流计算机模型例模拟河道中水流速度方者洪水波演进
hydrologic cycle
The states occurrence and natural movement of water on Earth
shui wen xun huan
水文循环
球水状态事件然运动
hydrologic system model
A computerised model used to simulate the interaction of rainfall runoff river flow storage and use of water within a hydrological system such as a catchment or an entire river basin A typical model is built of nodes and links The nodes represent points where there is withdrawal diversion discharge inflow or storage of water while the links represent the flow of water between nodes Many hydrological models have modules that enable modelling of water quality and sediment transport
shui wen xi tong mo xing
水文系统模型
模拟水文系统（例集水区者整流域）中降水径流河道流量蓄水水相互作计算机模型般节点连线构成节点代表取水引水排水入流者蓄水点连线代表节点间水流许水文模型包含够进行水质泥沙输送模拟模块

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
hydrology
The science dealing with the properties distribution and flow of water
shui wen xue
水文学
关水性质分布流动科学
impact
The positive or negative changes resulting from the implementation of a project or programme
ying xiang
影响
项目者计划实施产生正面者负面变化
impact indicator
Indicator to measure the changes that a project has achieved or contributed to in accordance with its goal and purpose including both the actual and perceived benefits as well as unintended negative impacts
ying xiang zhi biao
影响指标
衡量项目长期期目标产生者促成变化指标包括实感知效益意外负面影响
indicator
A variable used to measure the status of a system or monitor a project A project monitoring and evaluation programme typically comprises indicators to measure impacts processes compliance with procedures progress or outputs and inputs
zhi biao
指标
衡量系统状态者监测项目变量项目监测评价计划通常包括衡量影响程守规进展者产出投入等情况指标

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
infiltration n
The amount of rain or surface water that absorbed by or seeps into surface soil where it may be retained as soil moisture in the unsaturated zone or percolate to greater depth to form groundwater
ru shen
入渗
降水者表水中表层土壤吸收者渗入表层土壤水量入渗水量者停留非饱带成土壤水者进步渗漏成水
information
Data that have been consolidated synthesised or combined and are tabular graphical or other formats that readily can be used in planning awareness raising monitoring evaluation and decisionmaking The distinction between data and information is that the data represents the original observations while information is a transformation of that data for specific purposes
xin xi
信息
整理综合表格图形等便规划宣传监测评价决策中应格式表示数数信息间区数代表原始观测信息代表根特定目数进行转换
information management
The process and means by which data are compiled organised stored safeguarded extracted retrieved listed and disseminated Also called
xin xi guan li
信息理
数进行汇编整理存储维护摘录检索列表传播程手段称

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

data management


数理
infrastructure
The basic facilities installations and services needed for the functioning of a community or society such as transportation and communication systems water and power systems public institutions including schools and hospitals etc
ji chu she shi
基础设施
社区者社会运行需基装置设备公设施例运输通信系统水电力系统学校医院类公机构等
input indicator
Indicators to track the timely delivery disbursement and use of the funds personnel materials and equipment that are necessary for project implementation
tou ru zhi biao
投入指标
踪项目实施必需资金员材料设备否时提供支付指标
instream flow
River and stream flow that maintains stream quality aquatic life and recreational opportunities
he dao nei liu liang
河道流量
维持河水质量水生生命满足娱乐需河水流量
instream use
Water use taking place within a stream eg hydropower generation navigation aquaculture and different recreational uses
he dao nei yong shui
河道水
河流发生水例水力发电航运水产种娱乐活动

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
integrated water resource management (IWRM)
A holistic perspective of water balancing its value to the environment and its social and economic value in competing beneficial uses for domestic industrial agricultural and recreational and other purposes
The vertical and horizontal integration of the management of water ensuring a more equitable efficient and sustainable use of water in accordance with the Dublin Statement
IWRM must be undertaken in a river basin context to minimize boundary effects
yi ti hua shui zi yuan guan li zong he shui zi yuan guan li zong he yi ti hua shui zi yuan guan li shui zi yuan tong yi guan li
体化水资源理综合水资源理综合体化水资源理水资源统理
统筹观点水水环境价值家庭工业农业娱乐等竞争性水体现社会济价值间实现衡
 
柏林宣言原水资源理实现横统确保更加公高效持续利水资源
 
水资源统理必须流域单位进行限度减少边界效应
integrated water resource planning
An open and participatory planning process emphasizing a balanced consideration of available water resources and water demands based on an integrated financial economic social and environmental analysis and using both supply and demand management options to meet water needs
zong he shui zi yuan gui hua yi ti hua shui zi yuan gui hua zong he yi ti hua shui zi yuan gui hua shui zi yuan tong yi gui hua
综合水资源规划体化水资源规划综合体化水资源规划水资源统规划
种开放参式规划程强调利水资源需水样重视根财务济社会环境进行综合分析时采取供水需水理两方面措施满足水需求

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
interbasin transfer
A transfer or diversion of water from one catchment or river basin to another
kua liu yu diao shui
跨流域调水
水流域调流域
investment
The use of funds on productive assets eg construction works equipment or materials in order to achieve a medium or long term profit or financial or economic benefit
tou zi
投资
资金生产性资产例建设工程设备者材料获中长期利润财务济效益
investorowned utility
A company owned by private sector investors and typically providing a public service such as water or electricity supply regulated by a government regulatory agency
tou zi zhe yong you de gong yong shi ye
投资者拥公事业
私投资者拥公司般提供水电等公服务受政府制机构监
irrigation
Applying water or wastewater to cultivated land as supplement to rainfall in order to improve crop production
guan gai
灌溉
水者污水浇灌耕弥补降水足提高作物产量
irrigation scheduling
Optimizing the use of irrigation water by matching of the watering schedule to the needs of crops according to direct observation or experience of the crops Can be both manual and automated
guan gai jin du ji hua guan gai shi jian biao
灌溉进度计划灌溉时间表
根作物直接观察者验作物需安排灌水进度优化灌溉水够工方式者动化方式进行

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
irrigation scheme
An system of fields supplied from the same water offtake or an irrigated area managed by the same communitybased organisation
guan pian
灌片
出水口供水系列田块者社区组织理块灌区
irrigation system
The irrigation infrastructure of water intakes pumping stations canals and sluices that conveys and distributes water to individual irrigation schemes
guan gai xi tong
灌溉系统
取水口泵站渠道水闸等灌溉基础设施灌片输水配水
irrigation deficit
The difference between actual irrigation and potential evapotranspiration from crops an irrigation strategy which optimises the net benefit of crop production per unit water by irrigation that does not meet the full evapotranspiration demands of the crop
guan gai kui que bu chong fen guan gai kui shui guan gai que shui guan gai
灌溉亏缺充分灌溉亏水灌溉缺水灌溉
实际灌溉水量作物蒸腾力间存差异种通灌溉水量满足作物全部蒸腾需单位水量作物产量净效益优化灌溉策略
irrigation net
The area of irrigated agricultural land that actually receives irrigation water throughout the irrigation season
shi guan
实灌
整灌溉季节实际灌溉农业灌溉土面积

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
issue
An important subject or problem which hampers the function of an organization or its ability to achieve its goals and requires action in order to be reduced or eliminated
yi ti wen ti nan ti
议题问题难题
重题目者困难妨碍机构功者实现长期目标力需采取行动予缓解者消
knowledge base
The sum of data and information available within a sector on which a decision can be made or a field of activity such as water resource management or water supply take place
zhi shi ji chu
知识基础
行业中利资料信息总作决策者开展某领域（例水资源理者供水）活动
lprophr
Litres per property per hour a common indicator for water losses from an urban distribution network
shenghuxiao shi
升户时
常城市配水网水损指标
land use
The primary and secondary uses of land such as forest agricultural cultivated pasture and residential land etc which describes the dominant character of a geographic area and thereby establishes the types of activities which are most appropriate and compatible with the potential or designated use of the land
tu di li yong
土利
土直接间接途例作林业农业栽培草场居民等反映理区域特征确定适合潜者规定土途活动类型

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
largevolume user
A water customer usually industrial or wholesale whose usage is substantial relative to other users largevolume users may present unique peak or other demand characteristics
yong shui da hu
 
水户
户相水量户通常工业户批发户水户独特水高峰需求特点
lcd
Litres per capita per day a common indicator for water consumption used either for domestic consumption alone or for the gross consumption in a water supply system
shengrenri
升日
常反映生活水者供水系统总水量指标
leak detection
Methods to identify water losses from distribution networks fittings and household appliances
shen lou jian ce
渗漏检测
探测配水网设备家庭器具渗漏方法
Least Developed Countries (LDC)
Countries with low income low quality of life and vulnerable economy Income is measured by GDP which must be below USD 750 quality of life is measured by an index based on nutrition health education and adult literacy while the vulnerability of the economy is measured by instability of agricultural production and exports the share of manufacture and services in GDP and country size 50 countries met all three main criteria in 2004
zui bu fa da guo jia
发达国家
低收入低生活质量济脆弱国家收入国生产总值衡量必须低750美元生活质量根营养健康教育成识字率确定指标衡量济脆弱性农业生产出口稳定性制造业服务业国生产总值中份额国家衡量2004年50国家符合三项准

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
license
Authorization issued by a government agency giving the right to use water for beneficial purposes under the conditions specified in the license The license is usually of long duration but the amount of water may vary by year or by season according to available resources See also permit
zhi zhao
执
政府机构提供益水授权证书水须执规定条件进行执效期限通常较长水量利水资源情况逐年者逐季变化见许证
Life Expectancy (at birth)
The age that a live born child is expected to reach In Least Developed Countries this age is 50 years compared with 63 years for all developing countries and 71 for developed countries
yu qi shou ming (xin sheng ying er)
预期寿命（新生婴）
新生婴预期达寿命发达国家预期寿命50岁发展中国家63岁发达国家71岁
lifespan
See lifetime
shi yong qi xian
期限
见lifetime

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
lifetime
The duration that civil works are designed to be useful and satisfy their purpose The lifetime is limited by a combination of physical deterioration and development making the works inadequate or obsolete The lifetime is used to calculate the financial and economic efficiency of the investment in the works
shi yong qi xian
期限
民工程设计中规定工程够发挥作年限工程身会老化外界条件变化会影响工程适性者报废限制工程期限期限工程投资财务济效率计算
line agencies
Government agencies with authority and operational responsibility within specific sectors such as natural resources management water supply agriculture industry energy or transport
hang ye (zhu guan) bu men zhuan ye bu men
行业（）部门专业部门
然资源理供水农业工业源运输等专门领域行权力承担理责政府机构
lobbying
Process of influencing government policy or legislation
you shui
游说
影响政府政策制订立法程
losses (water)
The difference between the amount of water that is abstracted from a source and the amount that is put to beneficial use including transmission losses
shui sun
水损
某水源开采水量付诸益水量间差值包括输水损失生产损失配水网家庭水器具渗漏某情况包括偷损失灌溉方面水损包括渠道田间渗蒸发

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

production losses leakage from the distribution network and household installations and in some cases also water taken from illegal connections In irrigation the losses include infiltration and evaporation from canals and fields



low wateruse landscaping
Use of plant species that are appropriate to an area’s climate and growing conditions mainly vegetation for shelterbelts to reduce wind erosion and combat desertification
di yong shui jing guan jian she
低水景观建设
种植适合区气候生长条件植物品种减少风蚀抗沙漠化防风林带植物
mandate
The authority which formally has been assigned to a level of government or an organization through constitutional legal or administrative means
quan xian shou quan
权限授权
通宪法法律者行政手段正式赋予某级政府者某组织权力
market failure
A common situation occurring in the water sector in countries where normal market forces do not function due to abuse of the monopoly on water supply or government intervention to restrict prices usually resulting in inadequate inefficient or excessively costly services
shi chang shi ling
市场失灵
滥供水垄断者政府限价正常市场力量失效国家里水行业常发生情况通常会导致服务质量效率低者成高

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
market penetration
The extent to which a new service or product is adopted by consumers A village for instance may have 200 households who potentially can connect to a new water supply system but only 100 have actually connected giving a market penetration of 50
shi chang shen tou lü
市场渗透率
项新服务者产品消费者接纳程度例村庄200户家连接新供水系统连接100户样市场渗透率50
marketing
Technique of selling goods and services See also social marketing
ying xiao
营销
销售商品服务技巧见社会营销
master meter
A large meter at a point of distribution to multiple users who can be further submetered often used in apartment blocks
zong shui biao
总水表
户配水点安装水表户进步安装分水表常常公寓楼
master plan
A detailed plan for the development of a sector subsector river basin or other water management area A master plan often prescribes a specific programme or
zong ti gui hua gui hua
总体规划规划
关行业子行业流域者水理区发展详细规划总体规划常常规定明确开发计划者蓝图行动计划提出开发选择方案

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

blueprint for development while an action plan present a range of development options



maximumday demand
The highest daily production of a water system during a year
zui da ri xu shui liang
日需水量
供水系统年中高日产水量
media
Communication channels such as television radio newspapers magazines books films videos Internet etc
mei ti
媒体
交流渠道例电视电台报纸杂志书籍电影录互联网等
merchandising
Making use of a well known or popular person or company to promote the sale of products and goods
tui xiao xiao shou
推销销售
利名公众物者公司促进产品商品销售
metadata
An entry in a data directory describing a set of original data eg what data is available the period it covers where it is stored and how to obtain it
yuan shu ju
元数
数目录中描述组原始数条目例什数数覆盖时间储存点获取等
metadatabase
A database that contains metadata ie entries which provide information about datasets but do not contain the data itself Also called a data directory
yuan shu ju ku
元数库
包含元数关数集信息条目数库包括数身称数目录

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
meter
An instrument to measure and record water use by volume
shui biao
水表
测量记录水量装置
minimum night flow
The minimum flow into a discrete or isolated section of a water distribution system of a water during the night Used by water companies to locate leakages
zui xiao ye jian liu liang
夜间流量
夜间流入配水系统独立区流量供水公司通常确定渗漏点
mitigate
Reduce negative impacts on the environment
huan jie
缓解
减少环境负面影响
model n
A copy usually on a smaller scale of physical structure used to illustrate its appearance examine its stability or impact on the (water) environment Computerised models have to a large extent replaced physical models
A simplified representation of a complex system used to simulate processes and facilitate calculations analysis and predictions mainly computerised
mo xing
模型
物理结构复制通常采缩尺度展示外观检查稳定性者（水）环境影响计算机模型已程度取代物理模型
 
复杂系统简化表示模拟程帮助进行计算分析预测利计算机进行
monitoring
Periodic measurement of the changes in the status of a natural system or of a project using different indicators eg river flow
jian ce
监测
然系统者项目状态变化进行定期测量指标例河流流量水位水质者项目产出数量等

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

groundwater level water quality or the number of outputs produced by a project



multilateral donor
An international aid agency that provides loans and grants from funds contributed by a number of countries Examples are the Asian Development Bank and the World Bank
duo bian yuan zhu ji gou
边援助机构
提供国家贷款赠款国际援助机构例亚洲开发银行世界银行
multipurpose reservoir
A reservoir planned and constructed to provide water for more than one purpose for example irrigation recreation flood control and hydropower generation
zong he li yong shui ku
综合利水库
水目（例灌溉旅游防洪水力发电）规划建设水库
natural flow
The original flow in a stream before development or use of natural resources within the stream’s catchment
tian ran shui liu tian ran liu liang
天然水流天然流量
流域然资源进行开发者利前河流原水流
natural resources
Any form of matter or energy obtained from the environment that contribute to human needs including land water soil vegetation and related resources
zi ran zi yuan
然资源
取环境满足类需求形式物质者源包括土水土壤植相关资源

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
nonconsumptive use
Use of water for purposes that do not result in reduction of the amount of (liquid) water available within a catchment or river basin when interbasin transfers are excluded Typical nonconsumptive uses are hydropower generation cooling fishing aquaculture boating and navigation Strictly defined very few water uses are entirely nonconsumptive ie there may be significant evaporation losses from a reservoir and conveyance losses associated with maintaining a minimum flow for navigation
fei xiao hao yong shui
非消耗水
没跨流域调水情况会导致流域（液态）水数量减少水般非消耗水水力发电冷捕鱼水产水运动航运等果严格定义水少完全非消耗性例维持航运需低流量会产生显著水库蒸发损失输水损失
nonhousehold
Industrial or commercial water use
fei jia ting yong shui
非家庭水
工业商业水
nonpoint source pollution
Water pollution produced by landuse activities taking place over a large area typically pesticides and fertilisers dissolved in runoff or infiltration and drainage water from agricultural land but also acid rain Also called
fei dian yuan wu ran mian yuan wu ran
非点源污染面源污染
范围土利活动产生水污染通常农土径流渗水者排水中溶解农药肥料酸雨称面源污染

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

diffuse pollution



nonpromotional tariffs
Tariffs that do not encourage additional water consumption by water users
fei gu li xing shui jia
非鼓励性水价
鼓励户增加水量水价
nonresidential customer
A commercial or industrial water customer
fei ju min yong shui hu
非居民水户
商业工业水户
Objectively Verifiable Indicator (OVI)
An indicator which can be defined in terms of quantity quality and time (QQT) or is specific measurable accurate realistic and timebound (SMART)
ke ke guan yan zheng zhi biao
客观验证指标
够数量质量时间加定义者具体度量准确符合实际时间限制指标
observation well
A well used to monitor the level or quality of groundwater and which is not used in water supply
guan ce jing
观测井
观测水水位者水质井供水
offstream use
Water withdrawn or diverted from a river or stream for use at another place
he dao wai yong shui
河道外水
河流引水点
open well
A shallow hole in the ground for abstraction of groundwater At the surface it may have a cover wall and surrounding platform to lead excess water away and protect against pollution from activities at the well
kai kou jing
开口井
浅孔开采水面安装井盖围墙周边台引走余水防止水井处活动造成污染

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
optimum use
The use of water that achieves the most desirable combination of social economic and environmental objectives
zui jia yong shui
佳水
达希实现社会济环境综合目标水
organic pollution
Plant or animal matter originating from domestic agricultural or industrial sources nutrients leached from agricultural land industrially produced hydrocarbons for instance oils or solvents discharged to the environment
you ji wu ran
机污染
生活农业者工业植物者动物物质农土流失营养物质工业生产碳氢化合物例油者溶剂物质排入环境造成污染
overextraction
See overabstraction
chao cai
超采
见overabstraction
overabstraction
Groundwater abstraction that over a period exceeds average recharge of the surrounding groundwater aquifer and results in declining groundwater levels or over a short period exceeds the maximum yield of a borehole
chao cai
超采
定时期水开采量超周边水含水层均补量导致水位降者指水开采量较段时间超眼井出水量
oversight
Monitoring of the activity(ies) of an organisation with power to approve of the organisation’s actions
jian du shu hu
监督疏忽
组织活动进行监督行动拥批准权遗漏疏忽

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

omission



OVI
Objectively Verifiable Indicator
 
 
客观验证指标缩写
participatory approach
A approach to water resource management in which all stakeholders are given the opportunity to participate in the decisionmaking process
can yu shi fang fa can yu shi can yu mo shi
参式方法参式参模式
水资源理种方法种方法利益相关者提供参决策程机会
PIM
Participatory Irrigation Management
 
 
参式灌溉理缩写
participatory irrigation management (PIM)
A system for management of irrigation systems where representatives of the irrigators land owner and responsible government agencies jointly make decisions on significant aspects of water delivery cropping systems or financial management
can yu shi guan gai guan li
参式灌溉理
种灌溉系统理制度制度中灌溉者土者政府负责机构代表联合供水耕作制度者财务安排等重问题作出决定
peak demand
The highest demand that occurs in a water supply system either hourly daily weekly monthly or yearly also the highest total water usage in a system measured on an hourly and a daily basis
zui da xu qiu liang jian feng xu shui liang
需求量尖峰需水量
供水系统时日周月年高需水量指供水系统时天水量

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
ppc
per capita consumption see litre per capita per day
 
 
均水量缩写见升日
litres per capita per day
A common indicator for water consumption used either for domestic consumption alone or for the gross consumption in a water supply system
shengrenri
升日
表示生活水量者供水系统总水量常指标
percapita residential use
Total domestic water use divided by the total population served commonly reported as litres per capita per day (lcd)
ren jun sheng huo yong shui liang
均生活水量
生活水总量水总口通常升日单位
percapita use
Total water use in a system divided by the total population served commonly reported as litres per capita per day (lcd)
ren jun yong shui liang
均水量
供水系统总水量水总口通常升日单位
performance indicator
An indicator used to measure to what extent the goal or objectives of a project have been achieved as the result of the implementation of the project
ji xiao zhi biao
绩效指标
衡量通项目实施程度实现长期者期目标指标
permit
An authorization issued by an approved agency to use water or other natural resources for a specific purpose mainly used for short term activities under environmental legislation eg a permit to abstract water or discharge wastewater
xu ke zheng
许证
规定机构发放准许特定目水者然资源授权文件根环境法规开展短期活动例定时期开采者排放特定数量质量水者污水许证较

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

of specific quantity and quality over a specific period Compare with license


执
pesticide
Chemicals intended to protect crops and trees from infections by fungi attacks by insects or competition from weeds or other unwanted plants
sha chong ji nong yao
杀虫剂农药
保护作物树木受真菌感染害虫侵袭野草者害植物竞争影响药剂
planning
Advance prioritisation and allocation of scarce resources (natural financial organisational human) to programmes projects or specific purposes and accompanying scheduling of project activities
gui hua ji huan
规划计划
针计划项目者具体目标稀缺资源（然资源资金组织力）预先进行优先排序分配项目活动作出相应安排
planning cycle
A continuous process of planning implementation review of results and updating of the planning to reflect the new situation arising from project implementation as well as changes
gui hua zhou qi ji hua zhou qi
规划周期计划周期
制订规划实施规划审查结果规划进行修改反映项目实施中出现新情况非项目产生变化连续程

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

not resulting from the project



project cycle
A systematic and continuous process of project preparation implementation and evaluation comprising project identification feasibility study or other preparation appraisal and approval implementation and monitoring operation and monitoring evaluation and identification of need for further work or potential for replication or upscaling
xiang mu zhou qi
项目周期
项目进行准备实施项目项目进行评价系统连续程包括项目识行性研究者项目准备工作项目审批项目实施监测项目运行监测项目评价确定需进步开展工作者推广扩项目性
plumbing
Piping for distribution of water inside a building
guan dao she shi (she bei xi tong) shui guan zhuang zhi
道设施（设备系统）水装置
建筑物部配水道
point source pollution
Pollution originating from specific and stationary locations eg wastewater discharged from a sewer or industrial outfall
dian yuan wu ran
点源污染
具体固定点污染例水道者工业排水口排出污水
policies
Statements expressing the principles and rules for actions to achieve the goals of a country or an organisation and guiding the work of its officials and staff National policies are made operational in national strategies or action plans and implemented in the programmes of line ministries
zheng ce
政策
体现行动实现国家组织长期目标需遵循原规官员职员工作起指导作陈述国家政策通国家战略者行动计划付诸实施具体落实专业部委计划中

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
policy framework
The set of broad policies that guide the activities of a country or organization and with which its strategies and programs need to be consistent
zheng ce kuang jia
政策框架
指导国家组织基政策集合 国家组织战略计划需政策框架保持致
political will
A determined decision conclusion or choice by persons with political authority to achieve specific goals and objectives irrespective of the risk that the implementation process may require intermediate decisions or have negative impacts that will be unpopular in the short term eg improving water supply through full cost recovery although this requires price increases Lack of
zheng zhi yi yuan
政治意愿
政治权威士实现特定长远目标期目标作出坚定决策结者抉择考虑否存执行程中需作出中间决定者执行程会短期产生受欢迎影响类风险例然需涨价实行全成回收改善供水缺少作出受欢迎决策政治意愿常常认发展障碍许发展计划规划失败原

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

political will to take unpopular decision is often said to be one of the main obstacles to development and the main reason for the failure of many development programmes and plans



electorate
A group of people or a geographic areas having the right to elect one member to a political body
xuan min xuan qu
 
选民选区
具政治团体选举成员权利群者理区域
constituency
The group of people or the geographic area which has elected a member of a political body and whose interests this member is obliged to promote
xuan min xuan qu
选民选区
选举某政治团体成员群者理区域该成员责维护利益
pollutant
Any substance introduced into the environment as result of human activity that adversely affects the usefulness of a natural resource or the health of humans animals or ecosystems
wu ran wu
污染物
类活动进入环境然资源利价值者类动物生态系统健康产生利影响物质
pollution
The presence of a substance in the environment that because of its quantity or properties has a negative impact on natural processes life or living conditions
wu ran
污染
数量者性质然程生命者生存条件产生良影响物质环境中出现

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
potential basin use
The maximum ratio of consumptive water use to available water resources in a river basin that can be sustained over time without detrimental impact on water ecology and water related environments see also safe yield
qian zai liu yu yong shui liang
潜流域水量
够长期维持水生态水关环境产生利影响流域消耗性水量利水资源量率见安全产水量
poverty line
The per capita income or equivalent food production that a household must have in order to provide its members with sufficient food clothes and shelter World Bank applies a general global poverty line of USD 100 per capita per year Individual countries may apply different poverty lines for regions urban and rural areas and to identify people living in acute poverty
pin kun xian
贫困线
家庭成员提供足够食物服装住必须具均收入者等价粮食产量世界银行年均100美元作全球通贫困线国家区城市农村采贫困线确定赤贫口
acute poverty
Households with insufficient income or equivalent food production to meet the basic needs of food
chi pin
赤贫
收入者粮食产量足满足基粮食需求家庭
precautionary principle
Principle introduced in
yu fang yuan ze
预防原
环境发展21世纪议程

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

Agenda 21 on Environment and Development and defined as follows Where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage (to the environment) lack of full scientific certainty shall not be used as a reason for postponing costeffective measures to prevent environmental degradation


采纳原定义出现严重者逆转环境破坏威胁情况缺少充分科学握应成推迟采成效防止环境恶化措施理
pressure reduction
Reducing the pressure of water in a water transmission or distribution system using valves or pressure break tanks in order to protect pipes fittings and connections against rupture and leakage due to excess pressure
jian ya
减压
利阀门者减压箱减少输水者配水系统中水压防止压力高导致道件接头发生破裂者渗漏
pressure regulator
A device to limit waterpressure
shui ya tiao jie qi
水压调节器
限制水压装置
primary data
Data obtained directly by observation or measurement compare with secondary data
yuan shi zi liao yuan shi shu ju di yi shou zi liao (shu ju)
原始资料原始数第手资料（数）
指通直接观测测量获资料较二手资料
primary pump supply
Amount of water that can be diverted or pumped with existing
yuan you gong shui liang
原供水量
前基础设施引取抽取水量

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

infrastructure



proactive
Taking action to address an issues before it develops into a problem compare with reactive
zhu dong de ji ji de
动积极
问题变严重前采取行动解决问题动较
reactive
Waiting for issues to become urgent or develop into concrete problems before taking action to address them compare with proactive
bei dong de
动
问题变紧迫者成具体问题采取行动解决问题较动
procedure n
A well established or prescribed method or series of activities to analyse an issue or assess an application and issue a legal document eg a water abstraction license
cheng xu shou xu
程序手续
明确规定种方法者系列活动分析问题者项申请进行评估发放法律文件例取水执
process n
A method or series of actions to produce a result or manufacture a product a series of chemical reactions
guo cheng
程
获某结果者制造某产品采种方法者采取系列行动系列化学反应
process consultancy
Assisting and guiding an organisation to develop programs procedures plans and projects that will help the organisation achieve its goal rather than producing the results for the organisation
guo cheng zi xun
程咨询
协助指导组织开发者制订计划程序规划项目帮助该组织实现长期目标该组织产生结果

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
process indicator
Indicator to monitor whether the processes and procedures supported by a project lead to the intended results in a timely and costefficient manner
guo cheng zhi biao
程指标
监测项目支持程者程序否时成效产生预期结果指标
production losses
Clean water used for backwashing of filters at water treatment plants
sheng chan sun shi
生产损失
水处理厂中反洗滤池清洁水
production well
A well used for abstraction of water
sheng chan jing
生产井
采水水井
productivity
Number amount or value of products or services produced per unit of water consumed
shui fen sheng chan lü yong shui sheng chan lü shui sheng chan li
水分生产率水生产率水生产力
消费单位水量提供产品服务数量者价值
program or programme
A set of related projects or services directed towards the same goal a plan schedule or procedure for project implementation
ji hua
计划
具相长期目标组相互关项目者服务项目实施方案日程者程序
progress indicator
Indicator which tracks whether project activities are undertaken and deliver the expected outputs on time
jin du zhi biao jin zhan zhi biao
进度指标进展指标
踪项目活动否时进行提交预期成果指标
project
A well defined and planned process designed to produce specific results within a given budget and a speci
xiang mu gong cheng
项目工程
定预算时间产生特定结果明确设计规划程建成基础设施者土木工程

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

fic period of time also used for the resulting infrastructure or civil works



promotion
Encouraging a change of behaviour eg increased use of water to improve health hygiene and sanitation or water conservation or water saving in areas with inadequate water resources
xuan chuan tui guang cu jin
宣传推广促进
鼓励行转变例增加水改善健康卫生环境卫生者水资源短缺区开展节水
property right
Legally granted and protected claims entitlements and related obligations to take possession of land water or other scarce resources and to put them to beneficial use
chan quan
产权
法律规定授予受法律保护拥土水者稀缺资源进行益利权利相关义务
proprietary water right
Legal ownership of an area of water or land and the accompanying right of the owner to abstract use or sell the water including water which occurs within or under the land or flows through such land Is controversial because the abstraction and use may limit similar rights of adjacent or downstream owners see
cai chan shui quan ye zhu shui quan
财产水权业水权
块水域者土法定权业附带开采者出售该水源权利包括该土土产生水流该土水权力存争议开采该土水会限制邻者游业拥类似权利见水权

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

water right



usufructary water right
The right to use and enjoy the benefits of water that belongs to or is managed by the state and accompanying obligations to use the water efficiently and protect it against pollution see water right
yong yi shui quan
益水权
属国家者国家理水享效益权利伴效利水防止遭受污染义务见水权
riparian water right
The right of those who live along a river or lake or own adjacent land to access use or withdraw water from that river or lake see water right
an bian shui quan
岸边水权
居住河边湖边者拥相邻土接提取河水者湖水权利见水权
customary water right
The right to access use or withdraw water granted by traditional authority in accordance with social norms see water right
xi guan shui quan xi su shui quan
惯水权俗水权
传统权力社会规范授予接者提取水权利见水权
right of prior appropriation
A principle for allocation of the right to use water which states that while no one may own the water in a stream the person company or government agency which in practice was first to use the water shall be given priority when the right to use water for beneficial purposes is allocated see
you xian zhan yong quan
优先占权
种水权分配原原规定拥河流中水事实首先水公司者政府机构益水权分配中应具优先权见水权

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

water right



tradable water right
A water right that is sufficiently well defined in a permit or license that it can be assigned a value and traded in a water market
ke jiao yi shui quan
交易水权
许证者执中明确规定水市场中赋予价值进行交易水权
water right
Legal right to access use or withdraw water for beneficial use in a specified volume at a specified location or within a specified time frame For example all households of a community may have rights to draw water for domestic purposes animal owners may have the right to water their herds or flocks at certain places farmers who invested in building an irrigation system may have rights to divert water for their crops (all use rights) while the village community irrigators’ association or the state may have the right to decide on the timing of water use changes to the river and granting of permission to new users (proprietary rights) See also
shui quan
水权
特定时间特定点接者开采特定数量水益途法定权利例社区家庭权取生活水牲畜者权点牲畜喂水投资建设灌溉系统农民权引水灌溉作物（权）村庄灌溉者协会者国家权决定水时间河流改造新户发放许证等事宜（产权）见惯水权财产水权岸边水权益水权优先占水权

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

customary proprietary riparian and usufructary water rights and rights of prior appropriation



protocol
A formal procedure or set of procedures for interaction between governments or among government agencies
xie yi gui cheng
协议规程
关政府者政府机构间相互关系正规程序
public awareness
The general level of awareness that members of the public have about issues that affect them
gong zhong yi shi
公众意识
公众成员影响问题总体认识水
public relations
The communication from a company to customers eg information from a water company on water tariffs and the use of water charges for different purposes
gong gong guan xi
公关系
公司户沟通例水公司提供关水价水费途信息
rainwater harvesting
Efforts to increase the amount of rainfall that is captured and stored for later use Usually refers household collection of runoff from roofs in rainwater tanks or jars for use as drinking water or for cooking or to building of small dykes across valleys in order to retain water in fields or increase groundwater recharge
yu shui shou ji
雨水收集
增加雨水截获存储数量供措施通常指家庭采取雨水池者水瓮采集屋顶雨水饮者做饭者山谷中兴建型水坝保持田间水者增加水补

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
rationing
Restrictions on wateruse during drought or other emergency conditions
xian e pei shui
限额配水
干旱紧急情况采水限制措施
raw water
Untreated water
yuan shui sheng shui wei jia gong shui wei chu li shui wei jing hua shui
原水生水未加工水未处理水未净化水
未处理水
recharge groundwater
Refilling of a groundwater aquifer by infiltration and percolation of water from the surface through the unsaturated zone to the aquifer
di xia shui bu ji di xia shui hui bu
水补水回补
表水通饱带入渗水含水层含水层补充
recycling
Reuse of water in an industrial process
chong fu yong shui
重复水
工业生产程中水进行重复利
regulate vb
To bring water abstraction use water supply or wastewater discharge into conformity with a rule principle or legislation to adjust or control the flow of water according to different purposes such as irrigation flood or salinity control
tiao kong guan zhi tiao jie
调控制调节
 
水开采供水者污水排放遵守规原者法律目（例灌溉防洪者控制盐分）水流进行调整者控制

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
regulation n
A government or ministerial order having the force of law the act or process of regulating to control reservoir discharge or river flow to match downstream water demands and use
fa gui tiao li gui zhang guan zhi tiao jie
法规条例规章制调节
具法律效力政府者部级行政命令制行者程控制水库放水者河流流量满足游需水水求
regulator
Government agency defining and monitoring the operating conditions of companies doing business in the water sector when these companies enjoy a monopoly without regulation by market forces mainly used to regulate the services of private water supply companies but may also to water resources management and other water services see regulatory
tiao kong bu men guan zhi ji gou
调控部门制机构
水行业事垄断性营受市场力量约束公司规定营条件进行监督政府机构私营供水公司服务进行制水资源理水务服务进行制见制
regulatory
Government powers to formulate regulations and standards that government agency private sector companies and individuals must comply with in their work and operations in the water sector to con
tiao kong de guan zhi de
调控制
政府制定水行业政府机构私营公司工作营中必须遵守规章标准控制种活动环境产生允许影响监督规章标准遵守情况违规行采取措施等方面权力水资源行业中制权力涉表水水开采水水质污水排放凿井水坝安全河流滩河道土利等方面水务服务领域包括水价服务水利润财力基础设施

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

trol the allowable impact of activities on the environment to monitor compliance the regulations and standards and to take actions on violations Within the water resources sector regulatory powers may concern surface or ground water abstraction water use water quality wastewater discharge well construction dam safety land use on river flood plains and in channels etc Within water services they may include water prices tariffs service levels profits financial strength and quality of infrastructure maintenance


维护质量等
regulatory instruments
Means of influencing the behaviour of water users and other people by rules regulations and laws eg progressive block tariffs to curb high water use
tiao kong shou duan
调控手段
利制度规章法律影响水户群体行手段例利阶梯水价控制水量
relevance
The degree to which the goal and purpose of a project are or remain significant in relation
xiang guan xing
相关性
项目长期期目标项目原设计针需求具意义程度

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

to the needs and demands that originally motivated the project



renewable water resources
The portion of annual rainfall that enters into streams or recharges groundwater to be available for use
ke geng xin shui zi yuan zai sheng shui zi yuan
更新水资源生水资源
年降水中流入河流补水供利部分
reservoir
An artificial water body used to store water for later use or to regulate or control the flow of water
shui ku
水库
蓄水供者水流进行调节控制工水域
resource base
The sum of human resources available in a sector including graduate and skilled staff
zi yuan di shu zi yuan ji chu
资源底数资源基础
行业利力资源总包括毕业生熟练职员
resource development costs
The costs of developing a water resource for beneficial use eg constructing a reservoir water intake groundwater well and associated transmission systems
shui zi yuan kai fa fei yong
水资源开发费
开发水资源益途费例建设水库取水口水水井配套输水系统
resource development plan
A plan for the water sector a subsector a river basin or other water management area that describes a range of options to increase the amount of water available for beneficial use Also known as a master plan or action plan Compare with water resource management plan
shui zi yuan kai fa gui hua
水资源开发规划
通常水行业子行业流域者水理区制订说明增加益水利水量种选择方案规划称总体规划者行动规划较水资源理规划

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
resource management plan
A plan for the water sector a subsector a river basin or other water management area that describes options for managing and conserving the available water resources Compare with water resource development plan
shui zi yuan guan li gui hua
水资源理规划
水行业子行业流域者水理区制订说明水资源理保护种选择方案规划较水资源开发规划
responsibility
Being required to undertake some action and having authority to decide how and when to take the action Generally used when the accountable person or organization may not delegate the actual execution of the action(s) to another person or organization Compare with accountability
ze ren zhi ze
责职责
求采取某行动权决定时采取行动术语通常承担责者组织行动实际执行委托组织情况较绩效责
retrofit
Replace or upgrade existing water installations fixtures or waterusing appliances in order to improve their operational efficiency
geng xin
更新
更换者改进现供水装置设备者水器具改善运行效率

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
reuse of water
Beneficial use of wastewater either directly or upon treatment
shui de zai li yong
水利
直接者处理废水进行益利
revenueproducing water
Water that is metered and paid for
shou shui liang
售水量
计量买走水量
riparian
Related to a river typically used for the states or land owners who have the formal or informal right to land along a river
he an de
河岸
河流关通常指河土拥正式非正式权利州者土业
riparian country
A country with territory along one or both banks of a particular river
yan he guo jia
河国家
领土位某条河流岸者两岸国家
riparian zone
A river and the land and vegetation on its banks affected by the river
he an dai
河岸带
河流岸边产生影响土植
risk
A measure of the probability that damage to life health property andor the environment will occur as a result of a given action or hazard
feng xian
风险
作某种行动者危害结果生命健康财产环境受损害概率指标
risk assessment
Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the risk posed to human health andor the environment by various actions or hazards
feng xian ping jia
风险评价
定性定量评价种行动者危害类健康环境带风险

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
river basin
A geographic area from which water via streams and river drains into an inland lake or the sea through a single point or a delta Commonly used for large hydrological units while smaller units may be described as subbasin catchments or watersheds Can be delineated on maps or terrain models by tracing a line along the highest points or ridges that separate two areas
liu yu
流域
种理区域该区域产生水河流通点者三角洲汇入陆湖泊者海洋般指较水文单元较水文单元称子流域者catchmentwatershed（中文般译成流域 – 译者注）图者形模型连接分割两区域间高点者山脊划分流域
river basin organization
An organization specifically established by government to plan andor manage the development use and protection of water resources within a river basin
liu yu ji gou
流域机构
政府专门成立负责流域水资源开发利保护进行规划理组织
river basin plan
A plan for the development use and management of the water resources of a river basin
liu yu gui hua
流域规划
流域水资源开发利理规划
river basin profile
A brief document that presents the status of water resources and their use the policy and institutional framework within which water resources management is undertaken and the major issues for water resources management and
liu yu gai kuang
流域概况
流域水资源利状况水资源理政策机构框架水资源理开发问题进行简描述文件

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

development in a river basin



river health
A term describing the overall status of water quality and physical condition of the water environment in a particular stretch of river
he liu jian kang
河流健康
描述特定河段水环境水质然条件总体状况术语
roaded catchment
An area which has been levelled compacted and possibly also sealed with the purpose of reducing infiltration into the ground and increasing rainfall runoff
lu mian hua ji shui qu
路面化集水区
整压实块面进行封闭目减少渗增加降水径流
rotation watering
Irrigation by sequential supply of water to farms according to a fixed schedule
lun guan
轮灌
确定日程农田轮流供水灌溉
runoff
The part of precipitation snowmelt or irrigation water that runs off the land into streams or other surface waters
jing liu
径流
降水融雪者灌溉水中流出土进入河流者表水体部分
rural development
The broad spectrum of parallel efforts to support socioeconomic development of rural areas eg improved access to water education health facilities or mark
nong cun fa zhan
农村发展
支持农村社会济发展时开展容广泛活动例通建设型农村供水环境卫生灌溉方运输设施改善供水教育卫生服务者市场条件

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

ets by construction of small scale rural infrastructure for water supply sanitation irrigation and local transportation



safe yield
The maximum amount of water that reliably can be withdrawn from a source without longterm deterioration of quality or quantity Usually defined as the frequency of a specific flow in a river the average abstraction and recharge of groundwater or the maximum drawdown of an individual borehole
an quan chan shui liang
安全产水量
够某水源开采会该水源水质水量出现长期恶化水量通常根河流特定流量频率水含水层均开采量补量者单井孔水位降深度确定
safety nets
Activities that are designed to improve the quality of life of the most vulnerable or disadvantaged segment of the population who are unable to participate in or benefit from normal government programmes or those who suffer from external shocks such as drought or flooding
an quan wang
安全网
改善口中参常规政府计划者中获益弱势群体者遭受干旱洪水类外部灾害群体生活质量目活动

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
saline intrusion
The invasion of seawater into rivers in deltas and estuaries during tidal movements or as result of reduction of river flow or into freshwater aquifers in coastal areas when recharge from the surface is reduced or the upwelling of deep saline groundwater into shallow groundwater aquifers as result of heavy pumping from a borehole
xian shui ru qin
咸水入侵
三角洲河口区潮汐运动河流流量减少导致海水侵入河流海区表水补减少导致海水侵入谈水含水层者井孔高强度抽水导致深层咸水升侵入浅层水含水层
salinisation
Saline intrusion or the chemical precipitation and build up of salts in the surface soil of irrigated land due to a combination of inadequate irrigation and high evaporation
yan hua yan zi hua
盐化盐渍化
咸水入侵者灌溉充分蒸发强度造成盐份灌溉土表层土壤中化学沉淀积累
sanitation
Hygienic disposal of wastewater and excreta
huan jing wei sheng
环境卫生
污水排泄物卫生处理
saturated zone
Layers of soils sediments and rocks in which the pores voids or fractures are saturated by water
bao he dai
饱带
土壤泥沙岩石组成孔隙裂缝水充满层

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
scarcity economic
Situation with sufficient water resources to meet demand but insufficient funds to construct the necessary infrastructure for abstraction storage and distribution of water
jing ji xing que shui
济型缺水
足够水源满足水需求缺乏足够资金建设必基础设施开采储存分配水
scarcity physical
Situation with insufficient water resources to meet water demands even at the highest efficiency of water use
zi yuan xing que shui
资源型缺水
甚水效率高情况水资源满足需求
scenario
Description of a possible future situation and the decisions interventions and course of events necessary to reach this situation Alternative scenarios may be used in strategic planning to analyse and illustrate the costs and consequences of different options for development and corresponding requirements to management of water resources
qing jing
情景
未情况实现种情况需做出决定干预事态发展作描述战略规划中利情景分析说明水资源理开发方案费结果相应求

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
seasonal rate
A water tariff with unit prices that vary according to the water scarcity of different seasons
ji jie xing shui jia
季节性水价
种水价结构单位价格季节水资源稀缺情况变化
secondary data
Data that either have been acquired from published sources or produced by consolidation combination or other processing of data as opposed to data acquired from direct observation or measurement
er shou zi liao
二手资料
已公布资料源获者通资料进行整理综合方式加工获资料通直接观测测量
sector
Part of the socioeconomic activities in a country such as the water sector the health sector the energy sector etc
hang ye
行业
国家社会济活动部分例水行业卫生行业源行业等等
selective metering
Metering of households in selective areas or of specific types of industry
xuan ze xing yong shui ji liang
选择性水计量
选定区域家庭水户者特定工业类型进行水计量
service provider
A person group or organization that provides services to consumers Used in the water sector for those involved in water services delivery
fu wu ti gong zhe
服务提供者
消费者提供服务团体者组织水资源理领域指水务服务提供者
service area
The geographic area served by a water company
fu wu qu
服务区
供水公司服务理区域

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
service territory
see service area
fu wu qu
服务区
见service area
services
All water related services provided to customers or beneficiaries by government semigovernment customer or beneficiaryowned and private sector entities These include welldefined services such as urban water supply stormwater drainage wastewater collection treatment and discharge irrigation drainage of agricultural land as well as bulk water supply and flood control It may also include less common services such as waterrelated recreation and tourism
fu wu
服务
政府准政府消费者受益者私营机构消费者受益者提供水关服务服务包括城市供水暴雨排水污水收集处理排放灌溉农村土排水批量供水防洪等容明确服务包括象水关娱乐旅游等常见服务
sewage
Liquid or water borne waste collected and transported by sewers
wu shui
污水
通水道收集输送液态者水载废物
sewerage
Piped systems for collection removal and disposal of sewage and surface water run off
xia shui dao pai shui xi tong (she bei)
水道排水系统（设备）
收集清处理污水表水径流道系统

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
shallow well
A shallow hole in the ground with large diameter relative to depth used for abstraction of groundwater and usually excavated manually
qian jing
浅井
面开挖浅孔口径深度相较开采水通常手工开挖
social impact assessment
A systematic analysis of the social aspects of a project to ensure that the social consequences have been considered with proposals for mitigation of identified negative impacts
she hui ying xiang ping jia
社会影响评价
项目社会素进行系统分析保证项目社会果已考虑提出减少确认负面影响建议
social market research
A systematic process of investigation and collaboration with target communities to find out what they need do and want in order to obtain essential information for programme or project design
she hui shi chang diao cha
社会市场调查
目标社区进行调查协作系统程目解社区需什做什想什计划者项目设计提供基信息
social marketing
Use of commercial marketing approaches to promote consumer investment in social services such as water supply or sanitation or adopt new hygiene and sanitation habits
she hui ying xiao
社会营销
商业营销方法促户供水环境卫生样社会服务事业投资者养成新卫生环境卫生惯
socioeconomic
Relating to the social demographic and eco
she hui jing ji de
社会济
关社区社会口济相互关系

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

nomic interactions of individuals or communities



source meter
A meter used to record water withdrawn from a surface water or groundwater source or purchased from a bulk water supplier
shui yuan shui biao
水源水表
记录表水源抽取水批发商中购买水量水表
sourceofsupply
Facilities used to abstract andor store raw water prior to transmission treatment and distribution
ji shui shui yuan
水水源
输水水处理配水前开采储存原水设施
sovereignty
The right of national governments to manage and use water resources that originate in or pass through their national territory as they see fit In international river basins the cooperation on management of shared water resources is of paramount importance for governments voluntarily to accept limitations on their sovereignty over water
zhu quan
权
国政府认适方式发源流该国境水资源进行理权利国际流域国政府愿接受水资源权限制极重水资源理开展合作
stakeholders
Organisations groups and individuals who share interests in a water resource and its use as shareholders managers service providers beneficiaries
li yi xiang guan zhe
利益相关者
股东理者服务提供者受益者者户等身份某水资源利中分享利益组织团体

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

or users



stewardship
Water resources stewardship comprises the broad care and development of water resources on behalf of and for the maximum sustainable benefit to all of the nation's citizens For the government this entails policy formulation resources planning regulatory measures and basic data collection analysis and dissemination The stewardship functions provide the framework for the beneficial use of water and water related services
kan guan zhe zhi ze
者职责
水资源者职责包括代表全体国民持续利益水资源进行全面护开发政府说包括制定政策进行水资源规划采取制措施进行基资料搜集分析发布者职责水益利水关服务提供框架
storage
To retain water for later use or for mitigation of flooding Includes traditional means such as small tanks and large or small reservoirs as well as storage in groundwater aquifers Storage is used to balance the water supply on all scales from household use to river flow over a period of time ranging from hours and days to seasons and years
xu shui
蓄水
储存水备者减轻洪水灾害包括水池水库等传统设施包括含水层蓄水蓄水种尺度（家庭水河道径流）供水定时期里保持均衡数时数天数季节数年

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
strategic plan
A plan produced in a strategic planning process
zhan lue gui hua
战略规划
通战略规划程产生规划
strategic planning
Strategic planning is a management tool used to develop the fundamental values of an organisation which guide what it should do Strategic planning helps to ensure that members of the organisation work toward the same goals and to assess and adjust the direction of the organization in response to a changing environment
zhi ding zhan lue gui hua
制订战略规划
制订战略规划种理手段帮助组织开发指导行基价值制订战略规划保证组织成员目标努力根变化环境组织方进行评估调整
strategy
Integration of the major goals and policies of a government sector or organisation into an operational programme or set of coordinated plans
zhan lue
战略
政府行业者组织长期目标政策综合成工作计划者组协调计划
subbasin
The catchment of a major tributary to a large river
zi liu yu
子流域
江河支流流域
submetering
Metering of individual households or other customer units supplied from a single large service connection such as ap
fen biao ji liang
分表计量
较接供水单户者户单元（例公寓楼里住宅）进行水计量

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

artments within an apartment building



subsector
A more specific subdivision of a sector The water sector is often divided into subsectors such as water supply and sanitation irrigation and drainage hydropower and so on
zi hang ye
子行业
行业更专门分支水行业通常分成供水环境卫生灌溉排水水电等子行业
subsidence
Slow lowering of the land surface caused by drainage of wetlands or heavy groundwater pumping which drains deposits of clay or organic matter causing the soil structure to collapse
di mian chen jiang
面沉降
湿排水者量水开采黏土沉积物者机物排走造成土壤结构塌陷引起面缓慢沉
supply management
Measures that a water utility applies to improve the efficiency of production transmission and distribution facilities
gong shui guan li
供水理
水务公司采旨提高水生产输送分配设施工作效率措施
supply pipe
The length of service pipe from a distribution system to a customer that lies within private property and is the responsibility of the owner of the property
ji shui guan
水
连接配水网户位私房产入户道部分该房产业部分道负责

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
supplyside development
Developing the capacity of infrastructure of water sources treatment plants and distribution systems to increase water supply
gong fang kuo zhang
供方扩张
扩水源处理厂配水系统基础设施力增加供水
surcharge
A special charge on a water bill used to recover costs associated with a particular activity such as source development or system expansion
fu jia fei
附加费
水费帐单项特殊收费回收开发水源者扩系统类特定活动费
surface water
Water in streams rivers natural lakes wetlands and artificial reservoirs
di biao shui
表水
河流天然湖泊湿工水库中水
suspended solids
Small particles or colloids that are suspended in water
xuan fu gu ti
悬浮固体
水中悬浮颗粒者胶体
sustainability
The ability of a natural system or organisation to maintain its functions and deliver its services without outside support
ke chi xu xing
持续性
然系统者组织没外界支持情况维持功发挥作力
sustainable development
A development process in which the use of natural resources meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to
ke chi xu fa zhan
持续发展
然资源利会危代满足需力前提满足前需发展程

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

meet their own needs First defined in the Brundtland Report


布伦特兰报告中首次提出定义
system (water)
Interconnected water conveyance and storage facilities owned and operated by a water utility some utilities operate multiple water systems
gong shui xi tong
供水系统
供水公司拥理相互连接输水蓄水设施某公司时理供水系统
target group
The specific group of people who directly will benefit from a project
mu biao qun ti mu biao ren qun
目标群体目标群
直接项目受益特定群体
tariff
The schedule of unit prices and other charges collected by a water or wastewater utility
jia mu biao
价目表
供水者污水公司收取单位价格收费表
territorial integrity
The principle that the resources available to a country cannot be altered by the actions of another country
ling tu wan zheng
领土完整
国家利资源国家行动改变原
test bore
A well drilled to explore for groundwater and test the characteristics of the aquifer
shi jing
试井
查勘水检测含水层特征钻井
TNA
Training Needs Assessment
pei xun xu qiu ping jia
培训需求评价
培训需求评价缩写

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
toilet flapper
Valve in a toilet tank or cistern that controls flushing
ce suo shui xiang fa
厕水箱阀
控制水厕水箱阀门
toilet tank displacement device
A brick plastic bag or other body installed in old toilet tanks or cisterns to save water by reducing the flush volume
ce suo shui xiang pai shui wu
厕水箱排水物
安装厕水箱里减少水量砖头塑料袋物体
total catchment management
Managing the land and water resources of a catchment in a holistic manner and using a participatory approach
quan liu yu guan li
全流域理
统方式采参式方法进行流域土水资源理
total losses
The sum of water losses from a water company distribution system customer supply pipes and general domestic leakage
zong shui sun
总水损
供水公司配水系统客户水道般家庭漏水水损总
trading (water)
Buying and selling of the rights to water in an informal market or a formal government regulated market supported by a water permitting or licensing program
shui quan jiao yi
水权交易
非正式市场者取水许执计划托政府监正式市场买卖水权
traditional knowledge
The knowledge of natural ecosystems accumulated in indigenous or local communities and expressed in the spiritual life culture and language of the people and which is passed to successive generations through stories songs dances and myths to ensure the survival of the people and the integrity of the socioeconomic systems of the people Traditional knowledge is based on practicality reasoning and logic of historical experiences and provides guidelines for governance and the respectful use and sharing of natural resources
chuan tong zhi shi
传统知识
土著者方社区中累积民族精神生活文化语言表达关然生态系统知识知识通事歌曲舞蹈神话代代相传保证民族生存社会济系统完整传统知识历史验实践性理性逻辑基础然资源理尊重态度分享然资源提供指导

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
Training Needs Assessment
A systematic assessment of the qualifications and skills that an organisation and individual should have to fulfil its role and of the training required to obtain these
pei xun xu qiu ping jia
培训需求评价
组织发挥作需资质技获需进行培训进行系统评价
transboundary
Crossing some administrative boundary usually an international boundary as in transboundary river basins
kua jie kua bian jie
跨界跨边界
跨某行政边界通常国际边界跨界流域
transferable water right
A water right that is sufficiently well defined to be transferred from one permit holder to another with or without payment or other compensation
ke zhuan rang shui quan
转水权
定义明确偿者偿许证持者转移持者

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义




水权
transfers (water)
Diversion of water from one river basin or catchment to another
diao shui
调水
流域流域引水
transmission mains
Large diameter pipes used to transport raw water from a source to a treatment plant or treated water from the treatment plant to the main branches of a distribution system
shu shui gan xian
输水干线
原水水源输送水处理厂者净化水水处理厂输送配水系统支口径道
treated water
Water treated to meet drinking water quality standards
jing hua shui zhong shui
净化水中水
处理符合饮水质量标准水
treatment costs
The costs associated with the treatment of water
jing hua cheng ben
净化成
水进行处理成
ultralowflush toilet
A toilet that uses 6 litres or less per flush adopted as industry standard since year 2000
chao di liang chong shui ma tong
超低量水马桶
次水量超6升马桶2000年采工业标准
unaccounted for water
The volume of treated water that is lost from distribution systems by leakage or illegal connections ie which cannot be accounted for by sales internal use f
wei ji liang shui
未计量水
 
配水网渗漏非法水损失掉净化水量未包括售水量部回洗水量计量售水量中水量

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

or backwashing and metered sales



UfW
unaccountedforwater
 
 
未计量水缩写
universal metering
Metering of all water connections
pu bian zhuang biao
普遍装表
水接进行计量
unmetered water
Water that is delivered to customers but not measured for accounting and billing purposes
wei ji liang shui
未计量水
提供户没进行计量入帐计费水量
unsaturated zone
Zone near the surface where the pores voids or fractures of soils sediments and rocks are filled partially by water and partially by air
fei bao he dai
非饱带
土壤泥沙岩石孔隙裂缝部分水部分空气填充表岩层
usable water supply
The portion of renewable water resources that can be exploited if all technically and economically feasible storage and diversion structures are built
ke li yong gong shui
利供水
技术济方面行蓄水输水设施建成开发利部分更新水资源
water use right
The right to use water according to specific conditions such as time location duration priority and period of validity which usually are stipulated in a water permit Compare with proprietary water right
yong shui quan
水权
根关时间点历时优先序效期等具体条件水权利通常取水许证中规定条件较财产水权

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
usufructuary water rights
See water use right
yong yi shui quan
益水权
见水权
user class
See customer class
yong hu lei bie
户类
参customer class
utility company
General term for a company which provides water wastewater or other public services irrespective of its ownership but mainly used for companies which are owned by government but have independent management structure and accounts
gong yong shi ye gong si
公事业公司
负责供水污水公服务公司统称权指政府具独立理结构帐户公司
variable charge
The portion of a water bill that varies according to the volume of delivered water
ke bian shui fei
变水费
水费账单中供水量变化部分
variable cost
Costs associated with delivery of water services that vary with the amount of water produced or sold
ke bian cheng ben
变成
供水服务相关成产水量售水量变化
virtual water
Water incorporated in a product including water used for production and product processing Used to assess and illustrate the merits of importing agricultural products to water scarce areas or developing and using the scarce water resources to produce them locally For example 1 kilogram of wheat contains approximately 1000 litres of virtual water
xu ni shui
虚拟水
产品中包含水量包括生产产品加工水评价说明水资源短缺区输入农业产品者利稀缺水资源生产农业产品优缺点例：1公斤麦约包含1000升虚拟水

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
vision
A statement describing the desirable situation or condition of a region river basin or organisation
zhan wang
展
区流域者组织理想状况描述
waste
Wasted water (eg leakage) the liquid or solid byproducts from households or industrial processes that need to be disposed of
lang fei fei wu
浪费废物
浪费水（渗漏）家庭者工业生产程产生需处理液态者固态副产品
waste minimization
The reduction of waste by the adoption of more efficient and cleaner production technologies
fei wu zui shao hua
废物少化
采更高效清洁技术减少废物
wastewater
Water that has been used by household and industry and upon discharge contains dissolved or suspended matter or microorganisms in concentrations that restrict the reuse of the water
wu shui fei shui
污水废水
家庭工业水排放时含溶解悬浮物质者微生物浓度限制水重新

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
water allocation
Deciding the amounts of water in a hydrological system to be made available to different purposes users or sectors eg domestic water supply environment industry irrigation etc and the priorities among different uses in case of water shortage
shui fen pei
水分配
水文系统水量分配途户者行业例生活供水环境工业灌溉等等决定出现缺水情况途间水分配优先序
water availability
The amount of water in a water management area that over a given period of time is available for allocation to various beneficial uses
ke li yong shui liang
利水量
水理区特定时期分配种益水水量
water closet
Toilet that can be flushed by water from a cistern or valve on the water system
chou shui ma tong
抽水马桶
利水箱者水阀门水马桶
water conservation
Actions to improve the efficiency of retention storage conveyance distribution or use of water mainly used for conservation on large scale in a river basin compared with small scale water saving measures by subsectors or individual households
jie shui shui bao shui bao chi shui zi yuan bao hu
节水水保水保持水源保护
改善水保持存储输送分配效率行动子行业者单家庭规模节水措施相指流域规模节水

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
water conservation awareness
An understanding of water conservation and water saving issues that results in a change of attitude and behaviour to using water
jie shui yi shi
节水意识
导致水态度行转变节水问题认识
water saving measures
Installations appliances or actions by water utilities or users that contribute to saving water eg leakage control low flush toilets etc
jie shui cuo shi
节水措施
水务公司者水户采助节水设施器具者采取行动例控制渗漏低水量水马桶等
water savings promotion
Encouraging people or organisations to adopt water saving practices in the household or workplace
jie shui xuan chuan
节水宣传
鼓励组织家庭工作场采取节水措施
water saving society
A society in which all people are aware of the importance to conserve water resources and use water wisely and efficiently and act accordingly
jie shui xing she hui
节水型社会
社会中认识节约水资源合理高效水重性相应采取行动
water consumed
Water that escapes a hydrological system by evaporation or is removed by incorporation into plants animals or industrial products
hao shui liang hao shui
耗水量耗水
通蒸发脱离水文系统者进入植物动物者工业产品中带走水
water crisis
A situation with widespread and chronic lack of access to adequate water resources for the basic needs of safe drinking water hygienic sanitation and food production resulting in high incidence of waterrelated diseases famine destruction of wetlands and degradation of water quality in rivers and lakes
shui wei ji
水危机
范围长期缺乏足够水资源满足安全饮水卫生粮食生产基需导致发水关疾病饥荒湿破坏河流湖泊水质恶化

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
water cycle
The natural cycle of water from evaporation to the atmosphere condensation and return to the earth surface as precipitation infiltration into soil and percolation to storage in groundwater aquifers underground flow to springs or areas of diffuse seepage to the surface runoff through streams and rivers to storage in lakes and seas and renewed evaporation to the atmosphere
shui xun huan
水循环
水然循环：水通蒸发进入气凝结成水降水形式回陆渗入土壤进入含水层通径流形成泉水者扩散渗流溢出表河川径流形式注入湖泊海洋次通蒸发进入气
water delivered
Water delivered to a customer at the limit of the distribution system that the water company is responsible for usually at a water meter
gong ying shui liang shu shui liang
供应水量输水量
供水公司负责配水系统边界户供应水量通常安装水表处

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
water demand
The estimated present or projected future requirements of water for particular beneficial use such as domestic water supply industry irrigation cooling etc including also environmental demands to maintain or improve the quality of water related ecological environments
xu shui shui xu qiu
需水水需求
生活供水工业灌溉冷类特定益水需求现状进行估算者未需求进行预测越越维持者改善水关生态环境质量环境需水包括
water entitlement
The amount of water that may be put to beneficial use under a water right
shou quan shui liang
授权水量
根水权益水水量
water licensing
The administrative process of issuing registering and keeping records of licenses that confer water rights and monitoring of compliance with the conditions of those licenses
shui quan zhi zhao de fa fang
水权执发放
发放登记记录水权执遵守执条款情况进行监督理程
water management area
A river basin catchment or other geographic unit officially designated for planning and management of water
shui guan li qu
水理区
官方规定作水资源规划理单元流域集水区者理单元
water market
A regulated or open system whereby a holder of
shui shi chang
水市场
允许水权持者政府制封闭市场者受供求关系调节开放市场出售出租方式交换水权受制者开放制度

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

water rights is allowed to sell lease or otherwise exchange those rights in a closed market regulated by government or an open market regulated by supply and demand



water quality
A term used to describe the chemical physical and biological characteristics of water usually in relation to its suitability for a particular beneficial use or as indicator of human impact on the water environment
shui zhi
水质
描述水化学物理生物特征术语通常关系水特定益途适性者作类水环境影响指标
water resource
Any of the entire range of natural waters that occur on the Earth regardless of their state (ie vapour liquid or solid) and that are of potential use to humans Of these the resources most readily available for use are the waters of the oceans rivers and lakes while other available water resources include groundwater deep subsurface waters glaciers and permanent snowfields
shui zi yuan
水资源
球发生类具潜途全部天然水体中水体状态（气态液态固态）中便利水资源海洋河流湖泊中水体利水资源包括水深层水冰川永久性积雪

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
water resource assessment
An examination of the occurrence quantity and quality of water within a river basin or other hydrological unit often compared with the projected future demands on the resource by different sectors May include predictions on the reliability of the available resources based on historical data or scenarios for future changes in climate or development of the water resource
shui zi yuan ping jia
水资源评价
流域水文单元中水蕴藏数量质量进行检查常常行业该资源未需求预测进行较包括根历史资料者未气候变化水资源开发情景确定利资源量性进行预测
water resource conservancy
See water resource conservation in some Chinese documents equivalent to Water Resources Management
shui li
水利
见水资源节约保护某中国文件相水资源理
water resource conservation
Efficient water resources management and utilisation at the river basin level including watershed protection reservoir storage water allocation and transfers
shui zi yuan jie yue shui zi yuan bao hu
水资源节约水资源保护
流域层次水资源高效理包括流域保护水库蓄水水分配输水
water resource demand management
Administrative and economic measures and incentives used to reduce the demand on water resources in order better to match consumption and demands with available resources eg water
shui zi yuan xu qiu guan li
水资源需求理
减少水资源需求更利水资源满足水消耗需求采取行政济激励措施例收取水资源取水费排污费等

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

resources abstraction fees and wastewater discharge fees



water resource development
Activities aimed at increasing the water resources available for exploitation and use within a river basin mainly used for construction of large scale infrastructure such as dams diversions or interbasin transfers
shui zi yuan kai fa
水资源开发
增加流域水资源开发利数量种活动指水坝引水工程跨流域调水工程等型基础设施建设
water resource infrastructure
Infrastructure mainly large scale that is used in the exploitation or management of water resources
shui zi yuan ji chu she shi
水资源基础设施
水资源开发理基础设施型设施
water resource management
Activities that address the full scope of water resources and provide benefits to a variety of water users or water use sectors These activities include water resource assessment planning regulation monitoring and control of water abstraction and water quality flood control management of multipurpose works and similar functions
shui zi yuan guan li
水资源理
针水资源领域种水者水行业受益活动活动包括水资源评价规划水资源开采水质制监督控制防洪综合利工程理类似职

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
water resource planning
A systematic process to assess the physical economic social and environmental dimensions of water use The process analyses and quantifies the available water resources and the anticipated future demands upon those resources assigns water to different subsectors estimates the investment needed to develop the resources and assesses the impact that development and use will have on the resources and waterrelated environments
shui zi yuan gui hua
水资源规划
水然社会济环境素进行评价系统程该程评价量化水资源利量预测水资源未需求子行业进行水分配估算开发水资源需投资评价水资源开发利水资源水关环境影响
water resource sector
All functions and activities that concern the investigation management and use of water resources as well as the facilities for storage and transmission of water to bulk users
shui zi yuan hang ye
水资源行业
水资源调查理利批量水户蓄水输水设施关功活动
water sector profile
A document that presents a brief description of the status of a nation’s water resources and water usa
shui hang ye gai kuang
水行业概况
简介绍国家水资源水状况水行业政策机构框架

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

ge the policy and institutional framework of the water sector and the major issues to be addressed in water resources management and water services delivery


水资源理水务服务面问题文件
water sector strategy
A national framework for river basin and subsectoral programming and planning of water resources conservation development and usage in harmony with national goals and policies
shui hang ye zhan lue
水行业战略
制订流域子行业水资源保护开发利计划规划提供国家长期目标政策相致国家级框架
water service delivery
Water services within individual water use sectors such as domestic water supply sanitation irrigation and drainage industrial water supply and hydropower
shui wu fu wu
水务服务
水行业中水务服务例生活供水环境卫生灌溉排水工业供水水电
water stress
An indicator of shortage of water in satisfactory quantity or quality to meet human needs within a geographic area or hydrological unit May be measured in absolute (m
shui jin que
水紧缺
表示理区域者水文单元缺少数量质量合格水满足类需求指标采绝值（立方米年）者相值（水量者需水量占利资源量百分）衡量

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

3capitayear) or relative terms (water use or water demand as percentage of available resources)



water subsidies
Government funds that directly or indirectly cover part of the costs of making water services available to users
shui wu bu zhu shui wu bu tie
水务补助水务补贴
政府提供资金直接间接回收户提供水务服务部分成
water supply conservation
Efficient management and use of treated and piped water in an urban distribution system
gong shui de jie yue
供水节约
高效率理城市配水系统净化道水
water trading
The process of buying and selling water rights or water entitlements in a water market Note that it is the water rights and not the water itself that is traded
shui jiao yi
水交易
水市场买卖水权者授权水量程注意交易象水权水身
water use
The broad spectrum of the beneficial use of water by different sectors including the consumptive use in domestic water supply and agriculture and nonconsumptive use for aquaculture cooling water and navigation and the offstream use for irrigation and piped water supply and the instream use for hydropower and assimilation of wastewater discharge
yong shui
水
行业水种益包括生活供水农业中消耗性水水产冷航运中非消耗性水灌溉道供水河道外水水电接纳污水排放河道水

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
water withdrawn
Water abstracted or diverted from streams rivers lakes and groundwater aquifers
qu shui qu shui liang
取水取水量
河流湖泊含水层中开采引走水
watershed
The land area in which water drains to a particular stream river or lake Commonly used for the area draining to a tributaries in the upper part of a major river basin in North America also used for major river basins
liu yu xiao liu yu fen shui ling
流域流域分水岭
特定河流者湖泊排水陆区域通常指流域游支流流域北美指流域
watershed management
Activities that contribute to protection conservation and stabilisation of land and water resources in the upper part of a catchment such as afforestation terracing and contour planting which retard and reduce run off and soil erosion and increase groundwater recharge
liu yu zhi li xiao liu yu zhi li
流域治理流域治理
支流流域游开展助土水资源保护节约稳定活动例造林建设梯田等高种植措施迟滞减少径流土壤侵蚀增加水补
weather
The composite condition of the near earth atmos
tian qi
天气
气综合状态包括温度气压风湿度云降水天气长期变化称气候

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义

phere which includes temperature barometric pressure wind humidity clouds and precipitation Weather variations over a long period create the climate



well
A bored drilled or a dug hole in the ground for investigation or abstraction of groundwater
shui jing
水井
水查勘者开采目通钻孔开挖方式孔
wetland
Low lying areas with hydrophilic vegetation and subject to seasonal or permanent waterlogging or flooding such as marsh fen peatland bog flood plain mudflats or a delta
shi di
湿
长亲水植物季节性永久性水淹没低洼带例：沼泽泥炭洪泛区泥滩三角洲
wholesale water
Water sold or purchased for resale purposes
pi fa shui
批发水
转售买卖水
World Water Council
A global water policy think tank established in 1996 as a neutral nonprofit nonpolitical and independent forum to advocate assist and advise governments and international organisations on global water issues
shi jie shui li shi hui
世界水理事会
1996年成立全球水政策思想库作中立非赢利性非政治性独立坛国政府国际组织解决全球水问题提供支持协助咨询

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义





World Water Forum
A major international conference and exhibition organised every three years by the World Water Council Held 1997 in Marrakech Morocco 2000 in the Hague the Netherlands 2003 in Kyoto Japan and 2006 in Mexico
shi jie shui lun tan
世界水坛
世界水理事会三年组织次型国际会议展览活动1997年摩洛哥马拉喀什2000年荷兰海牙2003年日京举行
demand driven
Development that is driven by the demands of water users and often takes place at their own initiative with or without government support
xu qiu qu dong de
需求驱动
户需求推动发展常常户动进行政府支持没
demand responsive
Development assistance or government programmes and projects that are designed in response to demands expressed by beneficiaries and often implemented using a participatory approach
xu qiu xiang ying de
需求响应
根受益者表示需确定开发援助者政府计划项目常常采参式方法实施
supply driven
Development that is designed in accordance with the perceived needs of beneficiaries and often implemented by water service providers with limited or no participation by beneficiaries
gong fang qu dong de
供方驱动
根受益者需求理解确定发展常常水务服务提供者实施受益者限制者没参

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
black water
Wastewater that contains sanitary waste from toilets or urinals See also grey water
hei shui
黑水
包含马桶者便池污水厕污水见灰水
grey water
Wastewater from bathing showering hand washing and cooking that does not contain sanitary waste from toilets or urinals See also black water
hui shui
灰水
包含马桶便池污水沐浴淋浴洗手污水见黑水
yield
The quantity of water that it is technically possible to abstract from a surface or groundwater source Compare with safe yield
chan shui liang
产水量
技术表者水源开采水量较安全采水量
AWWA
American Water Works Association umbrella organisation of water companies in the USA advocating and protecting the rights of members and promoting exchange of experiences
mei zhou shui chang xie hui
美洲水厂协会
美国水务公司联合组织宗旨维护组织成员权利促进验交流
BOD
Biochemical Oxygen Demand
sheng hua xu yang liang
生化需氧量
 
BOD5
 
 
5d生化需氧量
 

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
BOT
Build Operate and Transfer a public private partnership or contract for a private company to build specific infrastructure operate it for a specific period to recover the investment costs and then transfer to the client free of charge
jiang she – yun xing – zhuan rang
建设运行转
种政府私营部门伙伴关系者合私营公司建设具体基础设施营特定时期回收投资费然设施偿转交客户
COD
Chemical Oxygen Demand
hua xue xu yang liang
化学需氧量
 
DFID
Department for International Development British government department responsible for delivery and administration of official development assistance
ying guo guo ji fa zhan bu
英国国际发展部
英国政府负责提供理官方开发援助部门
DO
Dissolved oxygen
rong jie yang
溶解氧
 
DRA
DemandResponsive Approach
xu qiu xiang ying fang fa
需求响应方法
 
EC
European Commission the administrative unit providing technical support to the Council of the European Union
ou zhou wei yuan hui
欧洲委员会
欧盟理事会提供技术支持行政机构
EIA
Environmental Impact Assessment
huan jing ying xiang ping jia
环境影响评价
 

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
EPA
Environmental Protection Agency
huan jing bao hu ju
环境保护局
 
 
ESCAP
Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UN)
ya tai jing ji yu she hui wei yuan hui
亚太济社会委员会（联合国）
 
 
EU
European Union the political union of European States
ou zhou lian meng
欧洲联盟欧洲国家政治联盟
 
FAO
Food and Agriculture Organisation
liang shi yu nong ye zu zhi
粮食农业组织
 
GIS
Geographic Information System
di li xin xi xi tong
理信息系统
 
GWP
Global Water Partnership
quan qiu shui huo ban
全球水伙伴
 
HRD
Human Resource Development
ren li zi yuan kai fa
力资源开发
 
IUCN
International Union for Nature Conservation
guo ji zi ran bao hu lian meng
国际然保护联盟
 
IWA
International Water Association
guo ji shui xie hui
国际水协会
 
IWRM
Integrated Water Resources Management
zong he yi ti hua shui zi yuan guan li shui zi yuan tong yi guan li
综合体化水资源理水资源统理
 

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
IWRP
Integrated Water Resources Planning
zong he yi ti hua shui zi yuan gui hua shui zi yuan tong yi gui hua
综合体化水资源规划水资源统规划
 
MIS
Management Information System
guan li xin xi xi tong
理信息系统
 
MoEd
Ministry of Education
jiao yu bu
教育部
 
MoH
Ministry of Health
wei sheng bu
卫生部
 
MRC
Mekong River Commission
mei gong he guan li wei yuan hui
湄公河理委员会
 
NGO
Nongovernmental Organization
fei zheng fu zu zhi
非政府组织
 
NPV
Net Present Value
jing xian zhi
净现值
 
OFWAT
Office of Water Services government agency serving as regulator of the water supply and sanitation sector in England and Wales
Shui fu wu ban gong shi
水服务办公室
英国英格兰威尔士供水环境卫生行业政府制机构

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
O&M
Operation and Maintenance
yun xing yu wei hu
运行维护
 
ODA
Official Development Assistance
Guan fang kai fa yuan zhu
官方开发援助
 
PLC
Public Limited Company
gong gong you xian gong si
公限公司
 
PMU
Project Management Unit
xiang mu guan li dan wei
项目理单位
 
PRA
Participatory Rural Assessment
can yu shi nong cun ping jia
参式农村评价
 
PSP
Private sector participation
si ying bu men can yu
私营部门参
 
R&D
Research and Development
yan jiu yu kai fa
研究开发
 
SIA
Social Impact Assessment
she hui ying xiang ping jia
社会影响评价
 
SWAp
SectorWide Approach
quan hang ye fang fa
全行业方法
 
SWOT
Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats
you shi lie shi ji hui wei xie
优势劣势机会威胁
 
TA
Technical Assistance
ji shu yuan zhu
技术援助
 
TOR
Terms of Reference
ren wu da gang
务纲
 
UFW
Unaccountedforwater
wei ji liang shui
未计量水
 
UN
United Nations
lian he guo
联合国
 

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
UNDP
United Nations Development Program
lian he guo kai fa ji hua shu
联合国开发计划署
 
UNEP
UN Environment Programme
lian he guo huan jing ji hua shu
联合国环境计划署
 
UNESCO
UN Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation
lian he guo jiao ke wen zu zhi
联合国教科文组织
 
UNHCR
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
lian he guo nan min gao ji zhuan yuan
联合国难民高级专员
 
UNICEF
UN Children’s Fund
lian he guo er tong ji jin hui
联合国童基金会
 
UNIDO
United Nations Industrial Development Organization
lian he guo gong ye fa zhan zu zhi
联合国工业发展组织
 
UNU
United Nations University
lian he guo da xue
联合国学
 
VIP Latrine
Ventilated Improved Pit Latrine
tong feng shi gai liang keng ce
通风式改良坑厕
 
WC
Water Closet (ie flush toilet)
ce suo
厕（水厕）
 
WHO
World Health Organisation (UN agency)
shi jie wei sheng zu zhi
世界卫生组织（联合国组织）
 

English 英文
Definition 定义
pin yin 拼音
Chinese 中文
Definition 定义
WRDM
Water Resources Demand Management
shui zi yuan xu qiu guan li
水资源需求理
 
WRM
Water Resource Management
shui zi yuan guan li
水资源理
 
WS&S
Water Supply and Sanitation
gong shui yu huan jing wei sheng
供水环境卫生
 
WWC
World Water Council
shi jie shui li shi hui
世界水理事会
 
WWF
World Wildlife Fund
shi jie ye sheng dong zhi wu ji jin hui
世界野生动植物基金会
 
 

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