8. Contrasting Views Of Satisfaction-DissatisfactionSatisfaction No Satisfaction No Dissatisfaction DissatisfactionMotivatorsHygienesSatisfaction DissatisfactionHerzberg’s ViewTraditional View
9. Herzberg’s Two-Factor TheoryHygiene FactorsMotivational Factors Quality of supervision
Rate of pay
Company policies
Working conditions
Relations with others
Job security Career Advancement
Personal growth
Recognition
Responsibility
AchievementHighHighJob DissatisfactionJob Satisfaction0
20. J S Adam’s Equity Theory公平理论
亚当斯在1963年发表的论文《对于公平的理解》,1965年有发表论文《在社会交换中的不公平》,提出了公平理论的观点。
21. Ratio
Comparison*Employee’s
PerceptionOutcomes A
Inputs A
Outcomes A
Inputs A
Outcomes A
Inputs AOutcomes B
Inputs B
Outcomes B
Inputs B
Outcomes B
Inputs B<=>Inequity (Under-Rewarded)Equity Inequity (Over-Rewarded)*Where A is the employee, and B is a relevant other or referent.Equity Theory
28. Attribution
of CauseInterpretationObservationAttribution
Theory and
Individual
BehaviorExternalExternalInternalInternalInternalExternalDistinctivenessConsensusConsistencyHighLowHighLowHighLow
29. Personal attribution
Situational attribution
Self-serving bias
Fundamental attribution bias
30. 认知评价理论认知评价理论认为:激励的机制表现在人们对于奖励因素及其关系的认知和评价过程。
Deci effect: 实验中,由内在兴趣而专注玩具游戏的儿童多次外在的物质奖励后,他们的内在极力程度显著减弱。
传统上,人们认为内部激励和外部激励互不影响。但认知评价理论认为他们之间相互影响,或者说外部奖励会降低内部奖励。
32. An Integrative Model of MotivationPersonal
GoalsIndividual
PerformanceIndividual
EffortGoals Direct
BehaviorHigh
nAchAbilityOpportunityPerformance
Appraisal CriteriaPerformance
Appraisal
SystemReinforcementDominant
NeedsEquity
Comparison
O O
IA IB Organization
Rewards