初中英语九年级Unit13知识梳理
Unit13 单词
litter
[litə(r)]
v 乱扔 n 垃圾废弃物
bottom
[bɔtəm]
n底部部
fisherman
[fiʃə(r)mən]
n 渔民钓鱼
coal
[kəul]
n 煤煤块
public
[p ʌblik]
adj 公众公 n 民众百姓
ugly
[ ʌgli]
adj 丑陋难
advantage
[ ədvantidʒ]
n 优点利条件
cost
[kɔst kɔst]
v 花费n 花费价钱
wooden
[wudn]
adj 木制木头
plastic
[plæstik]
adj 塑料n 塑料塑胶
make a difference
关系作影响
shark
[ ʃa(r)k]
n 鲨鱼
fin
[fin]
n（鱼）鳍
cut off
割掉砍掉
method
[meθəd]
n 方法措施
cruel
[kruəl]
adj 残酷残忍
harmful
[ha(r)mfl]
adj 害
chain
[tʃein]
n 链子链条
ecosystem
[ikəusistəm]
n生态系统
low
[ləu
[ a（数量等）减少低矮
industry
[indəstri]
n 工业行业
law
[lɔ]
n 法律法规
reusable
[rijuzəbl]
adj重复次
afford
[əfɔ(r)d]
v 承担起（果）买起
transportation
[t ænspɔ(r)teiʃn]
n 运输业交通运输
recycle
[risaikl]
v 回收利利
napkin
[næpkin]
n 餐巾餐巾纸
upside down
颠倒倒转
gate
[geIt]
n 门
bottle
[bɔtl]
n 瓶瓶子
president
[prezidənt]
n 负责席总统
inspiration
[inspəreiʃn]
n 灵感鼓舞心（事物）
metal
[metl]
n 金属
creativity
[krieitivəti]
n 创造力独创性
WildAid
[waildeid]
野生救援协会（美国）
WWF
(World Wide Fund For Nature)
世界然基金会
Mark
[ma(r)k]
马克（男名）
Jason
[dʒeisən]
贾森（男名）
Ken
[ken]
肯（男名）
Hayes
[heiz]
海斯（姓）
Jessica
[dʒesikə]
杰茜卡（女名）
Unit13 知识梳理
重点短语
1 at the bottom of the river 河床底部
2 be full of the rubbish 充满垃圾
3 throw litter into the river 垃圾扔入河中
4 play a part in cleaning it up 份力清理干净
5 land pollution 土污染
6 fill the air with black smoke 空气中充满黑烟
7 cut down air pollution 减少空气污染
8 make a difference 产生影响
17 take action 采取行动
18 turn off 关掉
19 pay for 付费
20 add up 累加
21 use public transportation 公交通
22 recycle books and paper 回收书废纸
23 use paper napkins 纸巾
24 turn off the shower 关掉喷头
25 ride in cars 开车出行
重点句型
1Even the bottom of the river was full of rubbish
河底充满垃圾
2Everyone in town should play a part in cleaning it up
城里应份力清理干净
3The air is badly polluted because there are too many cars on the road these days
空气严重污染路汽车太
4To cut down air pollution we should take the bus or subway instead of driving
减少空气污染应坐公汽铁开车
5 I used to be able to see stars in the sky
天空中星星
6 The air has become really polluted around here I’m getting very worried
空气真已污染非常担心
7 No scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health
没科学研究说明鱼鳍健康处
词汇精讲
1 advantage
advantage名词意优点处利条件 例：
This bicycle has many advantages 辆行车许优点
Studying English has many advantages 学英语许处
拓展
disadvantageadvantage反义词意缺点弊端利条件例：
When you visit France it is a disadvantage if you cannot speak French
访问法国时果会讲法语利条件
2 instead of
instead of介词短语意代面前面列成分相应名词代词动词ing形式等作介词宾语例：
He went to the cinema instead of going to school
电影院学校
拓展
(1) instead作副词意代常作状语例：
He is tired Let me go instead 累吧
She never studies Instead she plays tennis all day
学整天网球
(2)insteadinstead of辨析：
instead副词面接词般情况译出通常放句首句末句首时常逗号隔开表示前面事没做做面事例：
He didn’t go to school Instead he went to the cinema
没学校相反电影院
Instead of lending a hand he laughed at us
仅没帮反嘲笑
3 cut off
cut off固定搭配意切切掉例：
The slide cut off the valley from the rest of the world
山崩切断山谷外界联系
拓展动词 + off构成短语：
take off 起飞脱 put off 推迟
turn off 关闭 get off 车
fall off………掉 break off终止
pay off 付清
4 make a difference
make a difference意起作影响例：
The fact that I can now organize my own time makes a big difference
现安排时间作
Whatever you can do can make a difference
做什会带
5 the number of
the number of意……数量接数名词复数谓语动词单数形式例：
The number of people speaking Chinese is larger than that of those speaking English
说汉语数说英语数
拓展
a number of 意许面接数名词复数形式谓语动词复数形式number前面largegreatsmall等修饰构成a large number of a small number of等例：
I have a number of letters to write 许信件写
A large number of students in our school are from the countryside 学校许学生农村
A small number of students in our class went swimming yesterday
昨天班部分学生游泳
6 although
although意思相though意然引导步状语句引导句列连词but and so等连yet still等词连例：
Although he lives alone he doesn’t feel lonely He lives alone but he doesn’t feel lonely
然住感孤独
There is air all around us although we cannot see it
然见空气空气存周围
拓展althoughthough辨析：
(1) 作连词表示然二者互换althoughthough更正式例：
ThoughAlthough it was raining we still went there
然着雨里
(2) although般作副词though作副词般放句末（放句首）意例：
It’s hard work I enjoy it though
工作辛苦喜欢
We all tried our best We lost the gamethough
力努力输
(3) as though(仿佛)eventhough(然)等固定短语中although例：
He talks as though he knew everything 夸夸谈知
7 take part in
take part in意参加常指参加群众性活动会议劳动游行等指参加者持积极态度起定作take part in接名词动名词例：
I didn’t take part in the sports meeting yesterday because I was ill
没参加昨天运动会病
Everyone can take part in gardening
参加园艺活动中
拓展join动词意加入指加入某派组织社会团体参军等成中员常出现club army team group称代词宾格等例：
join the swimming club 参加游泳俱乐部
join the army 参军 join us 加入行列
8 afford
afford常作物动词意买(受)起……予提供常接名词代词动词定式作宾语afford接双宾语
This kind of computer is too expensive and I can＇t afford it．
种电脑太贵买起
At last I can afford a watch．终买起手表
I could not afford so much money for a bicycle．
出起钱买辆行车
I＇ll afford you a chance．提供机会
句式精讲
1 And remember to throw rubbish in the bins and keep public places clean and beautiful for everyone
remember作动词意记forget意思相反例：
Please remember his name 请记名字
拓展
（1）remember to do sth表示记做某事事情没做例：
Remember to turn off the light when you leave 离开时记关灯
（2）remember doing sth表示记做某事事情已做例：
He remembered going to Shanghai with his parents when he was five years old
记五岁时父母海
2 Many have heard of shark fin soup
hear of意听说听相hear about 例：
I have never heard of him 没听说起
拓展hearhear ofhear from辨析：
(1)hear听见听说听见讲时强调结果直接带宾语hear sb sth do doing sth意听见某某物（）做某事听说时面常接句例：
Can you hear a bird singing in the tree now
现听见鸟树唱歌？
I heard that she passed the exam
听说通考试
(2)hear of听说知面接名词代词指听某某事存消息例：
Jim disappeared and nobody heard of him
Jim知没听消息
(3)hear from收……信面常接作宾语例：
Have you ever heard from your pen pal
否收笔友信
3 It’s good for health and it doesn’t cost anything
cost动词意花费语般事物接表示金钱名词作宾语例：
The coat cost me 200 yuan 件外套花200元
拓展表示花费spendtakecostpay辨析：
例：
I spent 3 hours (in) doing on my homework yesterday
昨天花三时做作业
It took me four hours to go to Wuhan by bus
公汽车武汉花四时
I paid six yuan for the pen
花六元钱买支笔
My English book cost me five yuan
英语书花五元钱
4 What about waste pollution
What about意……样？询问关情况提出建议征求意见等about介词面接名词代词动名词：
what about + sbsth (接表示物名词代词)
what about + doing sth
例：
What about sitting in the garden 花园里坐坐样？
I’m going to the park What about you 公园呢？
What about your exam last week Tom Tom周考试样？
拓展
What about…How about通常互换接名词代词动名词接动词定式动词原形
5 They have even asked governments to develop laws to stop the sale of shark fins
ask sb to do sth固定结构意求某做某事否定形式ask sb not to do sth意求某做某事例：
He asks Tom to stay with him
求汤姆起留
Miss Zhang asks Jack not to come late again
张老师求杰克迟
拓展ask常见搭配：
(1) 介词 for 连求意思例：
Mary asks her father for money
玛丽父亲钱
(2) about 连表示询问听关某事情况例：
Uncle Hill asked about you the other day
前日子希尔叔问起
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Unit13 单词
litter
[litə(r)]
v 乱扔 n 垃圾废弃物
bottom
[bɔtəm]
n底部部
fisherman
[fiʃə(r)mən]
n 渔民钓鱼
coal
[kəul]
n 煤煤块
public
[p ʌblik]
adj 公众公 n 民众百姓
ugly
[ ʌgli]
adj 丑陋难
advantage
[ ədvantidʒ]
n 优点利条件
cost
[kɔst kɔst]
v 花费n 花费价钱
wooden
[wudn]
adj 木制木头
plastic
[plæstik]
adj 塑料n 塑料塑胶
make a difference
关系作影响
shark
[ ʃa(r)k]
n 鲨鱼
fin
[fin]
n（鱼）鳍
cut off
割掉砍掉
method
[meθəd]
n 方法措施
cruel
[kruəl]
adj 残酷残忍
harmful
[ha(r)mfl]
adj 害
chain
[tʃein]
n 链子链条
ecosystem
[ikəusistəm]
n生态系统
low
[ləu
[ a（数量等）减少低矮
industry
[indəstri]
n 工业行业
law
[lɔ]
n 法律法规
reusable
[rijuzəbl]
adj重复次
afford
[əfɔ(r)d]
v 承担起（果）买起
transportation
[t ænspɔ(r)teiʃn]
n 运输业交通运输
recycle
[risaikl]
v 回收利利
napkin
[næpkin]
n 餐巾餐巾纸
upside down
颠倒倒转
gate
[geIt]
n 门
bottle
[bɔtl]
n 瓶瓶子
president
[prezidənt]
n 负责席总统
inspiration
[inspəreiʃn]
n 灵感鼓舞心（事物）
metal
[metl]
n 金属
creativity
[krieitivəti]
n 创造力独创性
WildAid
[waildeid]
野生救援协会（美国）
WWF
(World Wide Fund For Nature)
世界然基金会
Mark
[ma(r)k]
马克（男名）
Jason
[dʒeisən]
贾森（男名）
Ken
[ken]
肯（男名）
Hayes
[heiz]
海斯（姓）
Jessica
[dʒesikə]
杰茜卡（女名）
Unit13 知识梳理
重点短语
1 at the bottom of the river 河床底部
2 be full of the rubbish 充满垃圾
3 throw litter into the river 垃圾扔入河中
4 play a part in cleaning it up 份力清理干净
5 land pollution 土污染
6 fill the air with black smoke 空气中充满黑烟
7 cut down air pollution 减少空气污染
8 make a difference 产生影响
17 take action 采取行动
18 turn off 关掉
19 pay for 付费
20 add up 累加
21 use public transportation 公交通
22 recycle books and paper 回收书废纸
23 use paper napkins 纸巾
24 turn off the shower 关掉喷头
25 ride in cars 开车出行
重点句型
1Even the bottom of the river was full of rubbish
河底充满垃圾
2Everyone in town should play a part in cleaning it up
城里应份力清理干净
3The air is badly polluted because there are too many cars on the road these days
空气严重污染路汽车太
4To cut down air pollution we should take the bus or subway instead of driving
减少空气污染应坐公汽铁开车
5 I used to be able to see stars in the sky
天空中星星
6 The air has become really polluted around here I’m getting very worried
空气真已污染非常担心
7 No scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health
没科学研究说明鱼鳍健康处
词汇精讲
1 advantage
advantage名词意优点处利条件 例：
This bicycle has many advantages 辆行车许优点
Studying English has many advantages 学英语许处
拓展
disadvantageadvantage反义词意缺点弊端利条件例：
When you visit France it is a disadvantage if you cannot speak French
访问法国时果会讲法语利条件
2 instead of
instead of介词短语意代面前面列成分相应名词代词动词ing形式等作介词宾语例：
He went to the cinema instead of going to school
电影院学校
拓展
(1) instead作副词意代常作状语例：
He is tired Let me go instead 累吧
She never studies Instead she plays tennis all day
学整天网球
(2)insteadinstead of辨析：
instead副词面接词般情况译出通常放句首句末句首时常逗号隔开表示前面事没做做面事例：
He didn’t go to school Instead he went to the cinema
没学校相反电影院
Instead of lending a hand he laughed at us
仅没帮反嘲笑
3 cut off
cut off固定搭配意切切掉例：
The slide cut off the valley from the rest of the world
山崩切断山谷外界联系
拓展动词 + off构成短语：
take off 起飞脱 put off 推迟
turn off 关闭 get off 车
fall off………掉 break off终止
pay off 付清
4 make a difference
make a difference意起作影响例：
The fact that I can now organize my own time makes a big difference
现安排时间作
Whatever you can do can make a difference
做什会带
5 the number of
the number of意……数量接数名词复数谓语动词单数形式例：
The number of people speaking Chinese is larger than that of those speaking English
说汉语数说英语数
拓展
a number of 意许面接数名词复数形式谓语动词复数形式number前面largegreatsmall等修饰构成a large number of a small number of等例：
I have a number of letters to write 许信件写
A large number of students in our school are from the countryside 学校许学生农村
A small number of students in our class went swimming yesterday
昨天班部分学生游泳
6 although
although意思相though意然引导步状语句引导句列连词but and so等连yet still等词连例：
Although he lives alone he doesn’t feel lonely He lives alone but he doesn’t feel lonely
然住感孤独
There is air all around us although we cannot see it
然见空气空气存周围
拓展althoughthough辨析：
(1) 作连词表示然二者互换althoughthough更正式例：
ThoughAlthough it was raining we still went there
然着雨里
(2) although般作副词though作副词般放句末（放句首）意例：
It’s hard work I enjoy it though
工作辛苦喜欢
We all tried our best We lost the gamethough
力努力输
(3) as though(仿佛)eventhough(然)等固定短语中although例：
He talks as though he knew everything 夸夸谈知
7 take part in
take part in意参加常指参加群众性活动会议劳动游行等指参加者持积极态度起定作take part in接名词动名词例：
I didn’t take part in the sports meeting yesterday because I was ill
没参加昨天运动会病
Everyone can take part in gardening
参加园艺活动中
拓展join动词意加入指加入某派组织社会团体参军等成中员常出现club army team group称代词宾格等例：
join the swimming club 参加游泳俱乐部
join the army 参军 join us 加入行列
8 afford
afford常作物动词意买(受)起……予提供常接名词代词动词定式作宾语afford接双宾语
This kind of computer is too expensive and I can＇t afford it．
种电脑太贵买起
At last I can afford a watch．终买起手表
I could not afford so much money for a bicycle．
出起钱买辆行车
I＇ll afford you a chance．提供机会
句式精讲
1 And remember to throw rubbish in the bins and keep public places clean and beautiful for everyone
remember作动词意记forget意思相反例：
Please remember his name 请记名字
拓展
（1）remember to do sth表示记做某事事情没做例：
Remember to turn off the light when you leave 离开时记关灯
（2）remember doing sth表示记做某事事情已做例：
He remembered going to Shanghai with his parents when he was five years old
记五岁时父母海
2 Many have heard of shark fin soup
hear of意听说听相hear about 例：
I have never heard of him 没听说起
拓展hearhear ofhear from辨析：
(1)hear听见听说听见讲时强调结果直接带宾语hear sb sth do doing sth意听见某某物（）做某事听说时面常接句例：
Can you hear a bird singing in the tree now
现听见鸟树唱歌？
I heard that she passed the exam
听说通考试
(2)hear of听说知面接名词代词指听某某事存消息例：
Jim disappeared and nobody heard of him
Jim知没听消息
(3)hear from收……信面常接作宾语例：
Have you ever heard from your pen pal
否收笔友信
3 It’s good for health and it doesn’t cost anything
cost动词意花费语般事物接表示金钱名词作宾语例：
The coat cost me 200 yuan 件外套花200元
拓展表示花费spendtakecostpay辨析：
例：
I spent 3 hours (in) doing on my homework yesterday
昨天花三时做作业
It took me four hours to go to Wuhan by bus
公汽车武汉花四时
I paid six yuan for the pen
花六元钱买支笔
My English book cost me five yuan
英语书花五元钱
4 What about waste pollution
What about意……样？询问关情况提出建议征求意见等about介词面接名词代词动名词：
what about + sbsth (接表示物名词代词)
what about + doing sth
例：
What about sitting in the garden 花园里坐坐样？
I’m going to the park What about you 公园呢？
What about your exam last week Tom Tom周考试样？
拓展
What about…How about通常互换接名词代词动名词接动词定式动词原形
5 They have even asked governments to develop laws to stop the sale of shark fins
ask sb to do sth固定结构意求某做某事否定形式ask sb not to do sth意求某做某事例：
He asks Tom to stay with him
求汤姆起留
Miss Zhang asks Jack not to come late again
张老师求杰克迟
拓展ask常见搭配：
(1) 介词 for 连求意思例：
Mary asks her father for money
玛丽父亲钱
(2) about 连表示询问听关某事情况例：
Uncle Hill asked about you the other day
前日子希尔叔问起
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