陕西西安秦始皇兵马俑英文导游词
Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum and the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum
Emperor Qin Shihuang (259210BC) had Ying as his surname and Zheng as his given name He name to the throne of the Qin at age 13 and took the helm of the state at age of 22 By 221 BC he had annexed the six rival principalities of Qi Chu Yan Han Zhao and Wei and established the first feudal empire in China’s history
In the year 221 BC when he unified the whole country Ying Zheng styled himself emperor He named himself Shihuang Di the first emperor in the hope that his later generations be the second the third even the one hundredth and thousandth emperors in proper order to carry on the hereditary system Since then the supreme feudal rulers of China’s dynasties had continued to call themselves Huang Di the emperor
After he had annexed the other six states Emperor Qin Shihuang abolished the enfeoffment system and adopted the prefecture and county system He standardized legal codes written language track currencies weights and measures To protect against harassment by the Hun aristocrats Emperor Qin Shihuang ordered the Great Wall be built All these measures played an active role in eliminating the cause of the state of separation and division and strengthening the unification of the whole country as well as promotion the development of economy and culture They had a great and deep influence upon China’s 2000 year old feudal society
Emperor Qin Shihuang ordered the books of various schools burned except those of the Qin dynasty’s history and culture divination and medicines in an attempt to push his feudal autocracy in the ideological field As a result China’s ancient classics had been devastated and destroy Moreover he once ordered 460 scholars be buried alive Those events were later called in historythe burning of books and the burying of Confucian scholars
Emperor Qin Shihuangfor his own pleasure conscribed several hundred thousand convicts and went in for largescale construction and had over seven hundred palaces built in the Guanzhong Plain These palaces stretched several hundred li and he sought pleasure from one palace to the other Often nobody knew where he ranging treasures inside the tomb were enclosed alive
Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum has not yet been excavated What looks like inside could noly be known when it is opened However the three pits of the terracotta warriot excavated outside the east gate of the outer enclosure of the necropolis can make one imagine how magnificent and luxurious the structure of Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum was
北京长城英文导游词 ・岳阳楼英文导游辞 ・重庆英文导游词 ・西藏英文导游词
No1 Pit was stumbled upon in March 1974 when villagers of Xiyang Village of Yanzhai township Lintong County sank a well 15km east of the mausoleum In 1976 No2 and 3 Pits were found 20m north of No1 Pit respectively after the drilling survey The terracotta warriors and horses are arrayed according to the Qin dynasty battle formation symbolizing the troops keeping vigil beside the mausoleum This discovery aroused much interest both at home and abroad In 1975 a museum housing the site of No1 and covering an area of 16300 square meters was built with the permission of the State Council The museum was formally opened to public on Oct1 the National Day 1979
No1 Pit is 230 meters long from east to west 62m wide from north to south and 5m deep covering a total area of 14260 square meters It is an earthandwood structure in the shape of a tunnel There are five sloping entrances on the eastern and western sides of the pit respectively The pit is divided into eleven corridors by ten earthen partition walls and the floors are paved with bricks Thick rafters were placed onto the walls (but now one can only see their remains) which were covered with mats and then fine soil and earth The battle formation of the Qin dynasty facing east In the east end are arrayed three lines of terracotta warriors 70 pieces in each totaling 210 pieces They are supposed to be the van of the formation Immediately behind them are 38 columns of infantrymen alternating with war chariots in the corridors each being 180m long They are probably the main body of the formation There is one line of warriors in the left right and west ends respectively facing outwards They are probably the flanks and the rear There are altogether 27 trial trench it is assumed that more than 6000 clay warriors and horses could be unearthed from No1 Pit
No2 Pit sis about half the size of No1 Pit covering about 6000 square meters Trail diggings show this is a composite formation of infantry cavalry and chariot soldiers from which roughly over 1000 clay warriors and 500 chariots and saddled horses could be unearthed The 2000yearold wooden chariots are already rotten But their shafts cross yokes and wheels etc left clear impressions on the earth bed The copper parts of the chariots still remain Each chariot is pulled by four horses which are one and half meters high and two metres long According to textual research these clay horses were sculptures after the breed in the area of Hexi Corridor The horses for the cavalrymen were already saddled but with no stirups
No3 Pit covers an area of 520m2 with only four horses one chariot and 68 warriors supposed to be the command post of the battle formation Now No2 and 3 Pits have been refilled but visitors can see some clay figures and weapons displayed in the exhibition halls in the museum that had been unearthed from these two pits The floors of both No1 and 2 Pits were covered with a layer of silt of 15 to 20cm thick In these pits one can see traces of burnt beams everywhere some relics which were mostly broken Analysis shows that the pits were burned down by Xiang Yu leader of a peasant army All of the clay warriors in the three pits held real weapons in their hands and face east showing Emperor Qin Shihuang’s strong determination of wiping out the six states and unifying the whole country
The height of the terracotta warriors varies from 178m the shortest to 197m the tallest They look healthy and strong and have different facial expressions Probably they were sculpted by craftsmen according to real soldiers of the Qin dynasy They organically combined the skills of round engraving basrelief and linear engraving and utilized the six traditional folk crafts of sculpturing such as handmoulding sticking cutting painting and so on The clay models were then put in kilns baked and colourpainted As the terracotta figures have beeb burnt and have gone through the natural process of decay we can’t see their original gorgeous colours However most of the terracotta figures bear the trace of the original colours and few of them are still as bright as new They are found to be painted by mineral dyestuffs of vermilion bright red pink dark green powder green purple blue orange black and white colours
Thousands of real weapons were unearthed from these terracotta army pits including broad knives swords spears daggeraxes halberds bows crossbows and arrowheads These weapons were exquisitely made Some of theme are still very sharp analyses show that they are made of alloys of copper and tin containing more than ten kinds of other metals Since their surfaces were treated with chromium they are as bright as new though buried underground for more than 2000 years This indicates that Qin dynasty’s metallurgical technology and weaponmanufacturing technique already reached quite a high level
In December 1980 two teams of large painted bronze chariots and horses were unearthed 20 metres west of the mound of Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum These single shaft fourhorse chariots each comprises 3462 spare parts and has a body with two compartments one behind the other and an elliptical umbrella like canopy The four horses harnessed to the chariot are 6567 centimeters tall The restored bronze chariots and horses are exact imitations of true chariot horse and driver in half lifesize
The chariots and horses are decorated with coloured drawings against white background They have been fitted with more than 1500 piecese of gold and silvers and decorations looking luxurious splendid and graceful Probably they were meant for the use of Emperor Qin Shihuang’s soul to go on inspection The bronze chariots and horses were made by lost wax casting which shows a high level of technology For instance the tortoiseshelllike canopy is about 4mm thick and the window is only 1mm thick on which are many small holes for ventilation According to a preliminary study the technology of manufacturing the bronze chariots and horses has involved casting welding reveting inlaying embedding and chiseling The excavation of the bronze chariots and horses provides extremely valuable material and data for the textual research of the metallurgical technique the mechanism of the chariot and technological modeling of the Qin dynasty
No2 bronze chariot and horses now on display were found broken into 1555 pieces when excavated After twoandhalf years’ careful and painstaking restoration by archaeologists and various specialists they were formally exhibited in the museum on October 1 1983 No1 bronze chariot hand horses are on display from 1988
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Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum and the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum
Emperor Qin Shihuang (259210BC) had Ying as his surname and Zheng as his given name He name to the throne of the Qin at age 13 and took the helm of the state at age of 22 By 221 BC he had annexed the six rival principalities of Qi Chu Yan Han Zhao and Wei and established the first feudal empire in China’s history
In the year 221 BC when he unified the whole country Ying Zheng styled himself emperor He named himself Shihuang Di the first emperor in the hope that his later generations be the second the third even the one hundredth and thousandth emperors in proper order to carry on the hereditary system Since then the supreme feudal rulers of China’s dynasties had continued to call themselves Huang Di the emperor
After he had annexed the other six states Emperor Qin Shihuang abolished the enfeoffment system and adopted the prefecture and county system He standardized legal codes written language track currencies weights and measures To protect against harassment by the Hun aristocrats Emperor Qin Shihuang ordered the Great Wall be built All these measures played an active role in eliminating the cause of the state of separation and division and strengthening the unification of the whole country as well as promotion the development of economy and culture They had a great and deep influence upon China’s 2000 year old feudal society
Emperor Qin Shihuang ordered the books of various schools burned except those of the Qin dynasty’s history and culture divination and medicines in an attempt to push his feudal autocracy in the ideological field As a result China’s ancient classics had been devastated and destroy Moreover he once ordered 460 scholars be buried alive Those events were later called in historythe burning of books and the burying of Confucian scholars
Emperor Qin Shihuangfor his own pleasure conscribed several hundred thousand convicts and went in for largescale construction and had over seven hundred palaces built in the Guanzhong Plain These palaces stretched several hundred li and he sought pleasure from one palace to the other Often nobody knew where he ranging treasures inside the tomb were enclosed alive
Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum has not yet been excavated What looks like inside could noly be known when it is opened However the three pits of the terracotta warriot excavated outside the east gate of the outer enclosure of the necropolis can make one imagine how magnificent and luxurious the structure of Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum was
北京长城英文导游词 ・岳阳楼英文导游辞 ・重庆英文导游词 ・西藏英文导游词
No1 Pit was stumbled upon in March 1974 when villagers of Xiyang Village of Yanzhai township Lintong County sank a well 15km east of the mausoleum In 1976 No2 and 3 Pits were found 20m north of No1 Pit respectively after the drilling survey The terracotta warriors and horses are arrayed according to the Qin dynasty battle formation symbolizing the troops keeping vigil beside the mausoleum This discovery aroused much interest both at home and abroad In 1975 a museum housing the site of No1 and covering an area of 16300 square meters was built with the permission of the State Council The museum was formally opened to public on Oct1 the National Day 1979
No1 Pit is 230 meters long from east to west 62m wide from north to south and 5m deep covering a total area of 14260 square meters It is an earthandwood structure in the shape of a tunnel There are five sloping entrances on the eastern and western sides of the pit respectively The pit is divided into eleven corridors by ten earthen partition walls and the floors are paved with bricks Thick rafters were placed onto the walls (but now one can only see their remains) which were covered with mats and then fine soil and earth The battle formation of the Qin dynasty facing east In the east end are arrayed three lines of terracotta warriors 70 pieces in each totaling 210 pieces They are supposed to be the van of the formation Immediately behind them are 38 columns of infantrymen alternating with war chariots in the corridors each being 180m long They are probably the main body of the formation There is one line of warriors in the left right and west ends respectively facing outwards They are probably the flanks and the rear There are altogether 27 trial trench it is assumed that more than 6000 clay warriors and horses could be unearthed from No1 Pit
No2 Pit sis about half the size of No1 Pit covering about 6000 square meters Trail diggings show this is a composite formation of infantry cavalry and chariot soldiers from which roughly over 1000 clay warriors and 500 chariots and saddled horses could be unearthed The 2000yearold wooden chariots are already rotten But their shafts cross yokes and wheels etc left clear impressions on the earth bed The copper parts of the chariots still remain Each chariot is pulled by four horses which are one and half meters high and two metres long According to textual research these clay horses were sculptures after the breed in the area of Hexi Corridor The horses for the cavalrymen were already saddled but with no stirups
No3 Pit covers an area of 520m2 with only four horses one chariot and 68 warriors supposed to be the command post of the battle formation Now No2 and 3 Pits have been refilled but visitors can see some clay figures and weapons displayed in the exhibition halls in the museum that had been unearthed from these two pits The floors of both No1 and 2 Pits were covered with a layer of silt of 15 to 20cm thick In these pits one can see traces of burnt beams everywhere some relics which were mostly broken Analysis shows that the pits were burned down by Xiang Yu leader of a peasant army All of the clay warriors in the three pits held real weapons in their hands and face east showing Emperor Qin Shihuang’s strong determination of wiping out the six states and unifying the whole country
The height of the terracotta warriors varies from 178m the shortest to 197m the tallest They look healthy and strong and have different facial expressions Probably they were sculpted by craftsmen according to real soldiers of the Qin dynasy They organically combined the skills of round engraving basrelief and linear engraving and utilized the six traditional folk crafts of sculpturing such as handmoulding sticking cutting painting and so on The clay models were then put in kilns baked and colourpainted As the terracotta figures have beeb burnt and have gone through the natural process of decay we can’t see their original gorgeous colours However most of the terracotta figures bear the trace of the original colours and few of them are still as bright as new They are found to be painted by mineral dyestuffs of vermilion bright red pink dark green powder green purple blue orange black and white colours
Thousands of real weapons were unearthed from these terracotta army pits including broad knives swords spears daggeraxes halberds bows crossbows and arrowheads These weapons were exquisitely made Some of theme are still very sharp analyses show that they are made of alloys of copper and tin containing more than ten kinds of other metals Since their surfaces were treated with chromium they are as bright as new though buried underground for more than 2000 years This indicates that Qin dynasty’s metallurgical technology and weaponmanufacturing technique already reached quite a high level
In December 1980 two teams of large painted bronze chariots and horses were unearthed 20 metres west of the mound of Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum These single shaft fourhorse chariots each comprises 3462 spare parts and has a body with two compartments one behind the other and an elliptical umbrella like canopy The four horses harnessed to the chariot are 6567 centimeters tall The restored bronze chariots and horses are exact imitations of true chariot horse and driver in half lifesize
The chariots and horses are decorated with coloured drawings against white background They have been fitted with more than 1500 piecese of gold and silvers and decorations looking luxurious splendid and graceful Probably they were meant for the use of Emperor Qin Shihuang’s soul to go on inspection The bronze chariots and horses were made by lost wax casting which shows a high level of technology For instance the tortoiseshelllike canopy is about 4mm thick and the window is only 1mm thick on which are many small holes for ventilation According to a preliminary study the technology of manufacturing the bronze chariots and horses has involved casting welding reveting inlaying embedding and chiseling The excavation of the bronze chariots and horses provides extremely valuable material and data for the textual research of the metallurgical technique the mechanism of the chariot and technological modeling of the Qin dynasty
No2 bronze chariot and horses now on display were found broken into 1555 pieces when excavated After twoandhalf years’ careful and painstaking restoration by archaeologists and various specialists they were formally exhibited in the museum on October 1 1983 No1 bronze chariot hand horses are on display from 1988
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