范托福听力专项词汇新讲解
分类词汇参考价值两点
（1）出题频度高度进行排列排前面生物天文艺术历史三分类考试中lecture出题标记TPO124套中套题篇应分类果听力基础相薄弱建议听力单项练分成两阶段第阶段中分类练先背熟分类词汇做分类应lecture出错篇章做精听者读坚持月会非常明显效果第二阶段中套题进行练家定记住点：备考期间听力天间断练时间少40分钟期间练听力刷题什许做然考试时候听力单项强度太定第二套题lecture中会觉分心
（2）文档面写托福阅读听力常考话题家通维基百科解相关背景知识
1 Biology 生物学 TPO 1 lecture 4 TPO 4 lecture 1 TPO 6 lecture 2 TPO 8 lecture1 TPO 9 lecture 4(animal linguistics) TPO 11 lecture 1 TPO 12 lecture 1 TPO 14 lecture 2 TPO 15 lecture 4 TPO 16 lecture 3 TPO 17 lecture 4 TPO 18 lecture 4 TPO 20 lecture 4 TPO 21 lecture 3 TPO 24 lecture 1
antibody抗体toxin毒素poison toxicpoisonous immunity免疫immunology免疫学vaccine疫苗vaccination 接种fungus真菌fungi
复数真菌 stimulus stimuli phenomenon phenomena Criterion criteria bacteria细菌infection传染 感染microorganism microbe微生物particle 分子virus病毒biology生物学marine biology海洋生物学microbiology微生物学genetics遗传学speciology物种学speciation 物种形成parasite parasitic 寄生paleontology古生物学paleontologist古生物学家Paleolithic Neolithic dinosaur恐龙die out extinction灭绝 go extinct mammal哺乳动物carnivore食肉动物carnivorous 食肉 herbivore食草动物 herbivorous食草 omnivorous amphibian 两栖动物 reptile endotherm Ectotherm underwater水marine 海洋onecelled organism单细胞机体unicellular单细胞 singlecelled单细胞tissue（动植物细胞）组织protective camouflage保护色disguise伪装 predator捕猎者approach prey on animal adaptation动物适应性survival of the fittest适者生存origin of species物种起源wild environment野生环境pesticide杀虫剂insecticide habitat栖息inhabit 居住栖息inhibit 阻止抑制resident居民 inhabitant 居民 residential area 居民区dweller 居民 city dweller prey捕食navigate导航decline in the number数量减少gene基genetic基遗传endangered species濒危动物survival 存活transition转变渡hatch孵化nest巢offspring子孙descendant 代 ascend descend forefather chew up咀嚼fertility fertile barren fertilize unfertilized eggs未受精卵nutrient营养品nourishment营养品 食物feed喂养respiration呼吸
digestion消化cell细胞cell wall细胞壁protein蛋白质carbonhydrate plankton浮游生物heredity遗传hereditary adj chromosome染色体genetic engineering遗传工程solitary独居social群居biodiversity生物样性variation变异 the competition for living resources Secondary 相理区域中素会影响物种生长繁殖 migrate
2 Astronomy 天文学 TPO 2 lecture 4 TPO 3 lecture 4 TPO 5 lecture 2 TPO 13 lecture 4 TPO 14 lecture 3 TPO 18 lecture 1 TPO 19 lecture 2 TPO 21 lecture 1(history of science) TPO 22 lecture 2 TPO 24 lecture 4
astronomy天文学cosmos universe 宇宙cosmology宇宙学infinite限cosmic宇宙cosmic radiation宇宙辐射cosmic rays宇宙射线celestial天体celestial body heavenly body天体celestial map sky atlas天体图celestial sphere天球 (the eastern hemisphere) circle semicircle diameter semidiameter radius dwarf dwarf star矮星constellation 星座galaxy Milky Way银河系star cluster星团solar system太阳系solar radiation 太阳辐射sunspot planet行星 asteroid行星revolve旋转revolution公转rotate rotation转 tilt (autobiography) orbit 轨道 twinkle闪烁naked eye肉眼Mercury 水星Venus金星Earth球Mars火星Jupiter木星Saturn 土星Uranus天王星Neptune 海王星Pluto 冥王星spin旋转satellite 卫星lunar月球meteor流星meteor shower流星雨star恒星meteoroid流星体
meteorite陨石comet 彗星 collide collision 碰撞 space outer space太空外层空间spacecraft spaceship宇宙飞船space shuttle航天飞机space telescope空间远镜astronaut spaceman宇航员space suit 宇航服intergalactic星系间interplanetary行星间nebula 星云space de’bris太空垃圾ammonia氨 sunspot太阳黑子（发生光球层）vacuum真空faint 微弱belt 区域带 image影gravitational force心引力 gravity molten融化thaw melt dissolve leap year闰年light year光年 spectrum光谱单数 spectra光谱复数 uranium铀 helium氦（星球质结构土壤中含化学物质者金属物质星球含水量古代计时方法彗星撞击说） terrestrial planet 类行星 gas giant gas planet 气体行星
3 Art 艺术 TPO 3 lecture 3(art history) TPO 8 lecture 2(artist) TPO 15 lecture 3(art history) TPO 16 lecture 4(art history) TPO 17 lecture 1(art history) TPO 18 lecture 2(art history) TPO 19 lecture 4(art history) TPO 21 lecture 4(art history) take the place of replacesubstitute objective subjective Distort Twist Exaggerate stretch
artist艺术家critic批评家criticize satirist satire irony ironist 讽刺作家inventor发明家biographer传记作家sculptor雕塑家feminist女权义者humanitarian道义者imagist 意象派诗image precursor先驱apprentice学徒mechanic机械工avantgarde前卫派territory领域
genre风格体裁eccentric古怪odd怪诞奇数weird怪异思议romantic浪漫romanticism 浪漫义(individualism 义) innocent天真罪guilty emotional情绪情感sentimental感伤愁善感sensible sensational sensitive acute responsive be responsive to 非常敏锐（商业类话题） cheerless精采生命力rigid僵化stiff clumsy笨拙zigzag曲折contemporary代时期temporary provisional (transcript Official transcript Formal admission Provisional admission)
Permanent eternalimmortal acclaimed受欢迎preeminent 杰出versatile（）艺（物）功household家庭家喻户晓 genuine真正fake original 原作 originate copy reproduction 复制品 replica authentic逼真原汁原味original copy reproduction replica symbolic象征性symbol 象征 symbolism 象征义nostalgia怀旧义思乡nostalgic emotive感（欧洲社会1419世纪较著名女艺术家女性作家侧重解时期男艺术家区）parchment 羊皮纸 decipher 破译识 identify recognize manuscript手稿 manual 工力
4 Anthropology+sociology 类学+社会学 TPO 3 Lecture 2(film history) TPO 7 lecture 1(theater) TPO 9 lecture 1(theater) TPO 10 lecture 2( European history) TPO 17 lecture 3(history) TPO 18 lecture 3(European history)TPO 5 lecture 1(sociology) （社会学部分词汇参考词类记）
Mimicimitate Playwright composer depict hybridmixture
5 环保相关(environmental science) TPO 3 lecture 1 TPO 9 lecture2 TPO 11 lecture 3 TPO 12 lecture 4 TPO 17 lecture 2 TPO 20 lecture 2 TPO 23 lecture 2 TPO 10 lecture 3(ecology)TPO 13 lecture 2(ecology)
ecology 生态学ecosystem生态系统balance of nature然界生态衡fauna动物群flora 植物群flock herd colonyswarm colonize rain forest雨林food chain 食物链acid rain酸雨greenhouse effect 温室效应ozone layer ozonosphere臭氧层hemisphere semi diameter pollution control污染控制air pollution空气控制water pollution水污染toxic毒fumes （毒）废气waste 废物solid waste固体废物sewage wastewater污水sewage purification污水净化sewage disposal污水处理 fossil fuel矿物燃料fuel cell process of photosynthesis光合作solar energy太阳nonrenewable生energy conservation保护源preserve wellpreserved resource资源energy source源资源 tidal energy潮汐fuelefficient节型energyefficient rush hour高峰期zero emission零辐射
emit release Secrete wildness野生天然preservation保护atmosphere气carbon碳dioxide二氧化物burning of coal and oil煤油燃烧 global warming全球变暖rise in sea level海面升longterm climatic change长期气候变化environmental recycling center循环利中心littertrashgarbage垃圾pollutant污染物 contaminate v desertification沙漠化deforest滥伐森林 deforestation 名词 drought干旱water shortage水源缺乏carbon dioxide release 二氧化碳排放industrial sewage工业污水deteriorate恶化 worsen environmental protection环境保护waste disposal废物处理emission（汽车废气）排放El Niño厄尔尼诺现象
6 Literature 文学 TPO 4 lecture 2 TPO 5 lecture 4 TPO 6 lecture 3 TPO 13 lecture 3 TPO 20 lecture 3 Emerson tragedy comedy tragic comic
prose散文diary日记autobiography传记narrative prose叙述性descriptive prose描写性essay笔poetry诗歌(poem poet) ballad民谣lullaby催眠曲fiction说fairy tale童话folk tale (passed on from one generation to the next) legend传说legendary proverb谚语model物原型leading character公(hero heroine) main plot情节prelude序曲literary criticism文学批评(criticize) schools of literature文学流派comparative literature较文学realism现实义modernism现代义aestheticism唯美义 genre 类型体裁folk tale 民间事
hero男公 heroine 女公
7 Archaeology 考古学 TPO 1 lecture 3 TPO 14 lecture 4 TPO 23 lecture 1 TPO 24 lecture 3
archaeology考古学paleontology古生物学anthropology类学archaeologist考古学家originate起源origin ancestor 祖先forefather homogeneous种族（种类）tribe 部落excavation挖掘excavate unearth挖掘ruins遗迹废墟remains遗产遗骸wreck wreckage artifact手工艺品craftsman craftsmanship relic遗物文物an’tique 古物古董Stone Age 石器时代Bronze Age 青铜器时代Iron Age铁器时代Paleolithic旧石器时代Neolithic新石器时代 skull颅骨skeleton fossil化石fossilize ancient civilization古代文明cultural relics文物rock painting岩画 cave painting tomb坟墓 monument 碑 grave坟墓 Xrays
8 Geology 质学 TPO 1 lecture 2 TPO 4 lecture 3 TPO 15 lecture 2 TPO 16 lecture 1
crust壳mantle幔core核continental crust 陆壳continental drift oceanic crust海洋壳layer层fault 断层fault zone断层带crack split断裂 converge convergent evolution趋进化 divergent evolution disintegration decomposition分解 erode
erosion腐蚀sedimentary rock沉积岩limestone石灰岩granite花岗岩marble理石magma molten lava岩浆larva mineral矿物ore矿石deposit矿床rubble碎石debris残骸(debris flow) platinum白金铂金silver银copper黄铜aluminum铝tin锡lead 铅zinc锌nickel镍mercury汞水银sodium钠diamond钻石emerald 绿宝石glacier冰川glacial冰川glacial epoch age period冰川期glacial drift冰渍iceberg冰山volcano火山active volcano活火山extinct volcano死火山dormant volcano休眠火山eruption火山喷发crater火山口depression洼凹陷处盆lava火山岩浆volcanic dust火山尘volcanic ash火山灰hot spring温泉magnitude震级aftershock余震灾变tsunami 海啸undersea landslide 海底山崩global warming全球变暖aquifer蓄水层 aquatic swamp沼泽Nile River尼罗河bedrock岩床 marsh weathering 侵蚀风化 remnant 残留物 sulphuric acid sulphur sulfur sulfuric sulfuric acid carbonic acid
9 Psychology 心理学 TPO 2 lecture 1TPO 10 lecture 4 TPO 14 lecture 1
10 Marine biology海洋生物学 TPO 10 lecture1 TPO 19 lecture 3 TPO 23 lecture 3
coral珊瑚dolphin海豚whale鲸鱼shrimp虾prawn虾lobster龙虾crab螃蟹oyster牡蛎starfish海星squid cuttlefish 乌贼octopus
章鱼
11 Music 音乐 TPO 12 lecture 3 TPO 16 lecture 2 TPO 22 lecture 4
musical instrument乐器orchestra（弦）乐队note 音符rhythm melody tune tone movement 乐章fanatical 狂热folk music民间音乐pop music流行音乐classical music古典音乐Jazz爵士乐symphony交响乐rock and roll摇滚乐band music wind music乐string弦乐violin提琴viola中提琴cello提琴keyboard instrument键盘乐器vocal music声乐solo独奏独唱conducting指挥accompaniment伴奏quality音质volume音量chord弦 harmony声 chorus lyric抒情诗 epic 史诗
12 Meteorology 气象学 TPO 6 lecture 4 TPO 7 lecture 4 climate
meteorology气象meteorologist气象学家meteorological station气象站forecast predict预报climate气候atmosphere气层warm air mass热气团current（气）流moisture潮湿水气moist adj潮湿 humid humidity vapor蒸汽evaporate 蒸发 vaporize damp moist humid潮湿humidity 湿度saturate饱be saturated with penetrate 渗透 penetrate through dew露frost 霜fog mist 雾smog 烟雾droplet 水滴condense浓缩 expand shrink shrank crystal 水晶体 crystalize solidify torrent torrential rain雨drizzle细雨shower阵雨hail冰雹blizzard snowstorm暴风雪snow slide 雪崩
precipitation（雨露雪等）降水thunder 雷breeze微风sandstorm 沙暴whirlwind 旋风typhoon台风hurricane飓风tornado twister cyclone龙卷风wind scale风级tsunami海啸tidal wave潮汐浪潮upper atmosphere层气disaster calamity catastrophe灾难devastation破坏submerge 淹没drought 旱灾convection流wind velocity风速wind direction 风longrange forecast长期预报numerical weather prediction数值天气预报
13 Business 商业 TPO 6 lecture 1(economics) TPO11 lecture 4TPO 12 lecture 2
14 Linguistics 语言学(TPO 9 lecture 4 animal linguistics TPO 19 lecture 1 linguistics TPO 20 lecture 1 )
15 Chemistry 化学(TPO 5 lecture 3 TPO 8 lecture 4)
16 Architecture 建筑 TPO 11 lecture 2 TPO 13 lecture 1 city planning business
architecture建筑学architect建筑学家construct结构design设计skyscraper摩天楼log structure原木结构cabin木屋prototype原型building technique建筑工艺new material新材料metalframe金属结构aquarium水族馆office building 写字楼cathedral教堂the statue of
liberty女神the triumphal arch凯旋门sphinx狮身面pyramid 金字塔castle城堡 interiorinternal structure exteriorexternal structure
17 Zoology 动物学 TPO 22 lecture 3（阅读常考口语四六题常考）
zoology动物学Darwinism达尔文学说natural selection然选择 species 物种 invertebrate脊椎动物vertebrate脊椎动物aquatic life 水生动物reptile爬行动物amphibianamphibious animal两栖动物parasitic animal寄生动物primate灵长动物herbivore食草动物mammal哺乳动物endotherm恒温动物coldblooded animal冷血动物ectotherm变温动物scavenger食腐动物carnivorous食肉herbivorous食草omnivorous杂食bird鸟类camouflage伪装hibernate冬眠蛰伏dormant regeneration生predatory捕食swarmscolony（昆虫等）群flock（鸟）群herd 兽群 flora 植物群 fauna 动物群community动物群落部落population种群nomadic游牧流浪 huntergatherer 原始野（原始社会游牧生活方式农业出现社会历变化着重解农业出现时社会影响）trap诱捕metabolism新陈代谢metabolic rate breed（名词）品种（动词）繁殖multiply reproduce繁殖creature生物feathers羽毛spine脊椎digestive system消化系统reproductive system生殖系统circulatory system循环系统respiratory system呼吸系统hormone 荷尔蒙liver肝squirrel松鼠otter水獭antelope羚羊gorilla猩猩chimpanzee黑猩猩
baboon狒狒beaver海狸giraffe长颈鹿rhinoceros犀牛hippo河马frog青蛙scorpion蝎子turtle龟lizard蜥蜴crocodile鳄鱼owl猫头鹰penguin企鹅crane鹤migrate迁移 migrant wing翅膀bill（鸟）嘴beak（鹰等）嘴鹰钩鼻 insect昆虫pest害虫worm虫 larva幼虫 lava 熔岩
18 Botany植物学 TPO 2 lecture 2（阅读常考口语第六题常考）
botanical botanic植物学aquatic plant水生植物parasite plant 寄生植物root根foliage leaf叶leaflet叶stem茎stalk杆flower 花bud花蕾petal 花瓣trunk树干bark树皮branch树枝分支分公司subsidiary affiliate jungle 丛林lawn草坪meadow草牧场prairie 草原mosses苔藓shrub bush灌木herb 草photosynthesis 光合作symbiosis生symbiotic 生wither fade凋谢blossom花pollen花粉pollinate传授花粉nectar花蜜organ器官system系统seeds 种子everlasting永久crossbreed杂交hybrid barren贫瘠生育fertile carbonhydrate 碳水化合物fat脂肪protein蛋白质vitamin 维命malnourished 营养良maltreat 虐nutrition 营养nutrient annual年生evergreen常青树pine松树spruce云杉orchid兰花chrysanthemum菊花water lily荷花莲花rose 玫瑰lily 百合jasmine茉莉花sunflower日葵camellia茶花corn maize玉米pumpkin南瓜lettuce莴苣cabbage 卷心菜wheat 麦barley麦oats燕麦
19 Geography 理学 TPO 9 lecture 3（阅读常考）geography
hemisphere 半球parallel 行圈latitude纬线longitude线 度elevation海拔altitude高度 海拔horizon线vertical equator赤道temperate latitudes温带区tropics 热带区Arctic the North Pole 北极Antarctic Antarctica南极the Antarctic Continent 南极洲continental drift the Antarctic Circle南极圈the Arctic Circle北极圈plain原plateau highland 高lowland 低basin 盆oasis绿洲peak山峰reach the peak ranges山脉cave洞穴terrain域subterranean底coastland 海区coastline海岸线watershed分水岭upper reaches游lower reaches游deposit沉积spring fountain泉水iceberg 冰山riverbed河床gulf bay海湾waterfall 瀑布reef暗礁tide湖水torrent水急流tropical rain forest热带雨林continental island 陆岛volcanic island 火山岛coral island珊瑚岛peninsular半岛delta三角洲landlocked area陆inland waterway陆河subcontinent次陆cliff山崖valley山谷hillside mountain slope山坡continental shelf陆架canyon峡谷channel strait 海峡geothermal 热continental drift 陆漂移学seafloor spreading 海床扩展evaporation蒸发ocean bottom 海床sediment沉积物tropical热带temperate 温带frigid 寒带tundra苔原冻原the Mediterranean Sea中海the primeval forest原始森林Scandinavia斯堪纳维亚(半岛)(瑞典挪威丹麦冰岛泛称) coral reef珊瑚礁territory 版图领土域
glacier冰河
20 Painting 美术 TPO 1 lecture 1
fine arts美术oil painting油画water color水彩画sketch速写素描poster海报招贴画engraving版画landscape painting风景画still life静物画portrait肖画pigment颜料色素canvas油画布brush 画笔brush strokes sketch board画板perspective透视画法original 原作copyreproduction replica复制品genuine真fake假art gallery美术馆autograph真迹 calligraphy书法paste裱糊impressionistic style印象派风格impressionism framing装框sculpture 雕塑sculptor 雕塑家statue塑unique唯独特 ex’hibit exhibition rough subject depict depiction
21 Politics and economics 政治济（阅读常考）
commodity商品check支票收账单bank loan银行贷款interest 利息withdraw银行账户中提款the Great Depression萧条consumerism消费义（认高消费社会利法）保护消费者权益义affluence富裕富足sophisticated世老练复杂尖端
需百度百科中重点解容：
鸟类鸟类迁徙鸟类常迁徙迁徙原般类鸟类生存环境破坏想结合
鸟声音者歌唱具备目语言力生俱天查阅鸟类声音较独特 关吸引配偶重点解两栖动物恒温动物变温动物 重点解恐龙冰河世纪相结合什恐龙会灭绝灭绝整生态造成影响 食肉植物三种保护色典型代表海洋物种保护乌贼
气象学类：厄尔尼诺El nino 产生原农业影响 冰河世纪什时气温会降全球物种影响
类发展史：huntergatherer nomadic agriculture 开始定居慢慢形成社会样群体口越越产生社会问题农业发展类影响坏解农业发展时早期社会会产生负面影响前样追赶猎物身体机退化农业发展发展天收
文学类：莎士亚作品什特点代表作中心思想反映时代背景爱默生 文艺复兴运动代表物发生国家代表作中心思想时代背景School流派新文学者艺术流派通常非常突出义individualism nature 浪漫义古典义新古典义
艺术类：米开朗基罗梵高画家雕刻家音乐家
心理学：代表物defense mechanism 抵御负面情绪方法 弗洛伊德理
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分类词汇参考价值两点
（1）出题频度高度进行排列排前面生物天文艺术历史三分类考试中lecture出题标记TPO124套中套题篇应分类果听力基础相薄弱建议听力单项练分成两阶段第阶段中分类练先背熟分类词汇做分类应lecture出错篇章做精听者读坚持月会非常明显效果第二阶段中套题进行练家定记住点：备考期间听力天间断练时间少40分钟期间练听力刷题什许做然考试时候听力单项强度太定第二套题lecture中会觉分心
（2）文档面写托福阅读听力常考话题家通维基百科解相关背景知识
1 Biology 生物学 TPO 1 lecture 4 TPO 4 lecture 1 TPO 6 lecture 2 TPO 8 lecture1 TPO 9 lecture 4(animal linguistics) TPO 11 lecture 1 TPO 12 lecture 1 TPO 14 lecture 2 TPO 15 lecture 4 TPO 16 lecture 3 TPO 17 lecture 4 TPO 18 lecture 4 TPO 20 lecture 4 TPO 21 lecture 3 TPO 24 lecture 1
antibody抗体toxin毒素poison toxicpoisonous immunity免疫immunology免疫学vaccine疫苗vaccination 接种fungus真菌fungi
复数真菌 stimulus stimuli phenomenon phenomena Criterion criteria bacteria细菌infection传染 感染microorganism microbe微生物particle 分子virus病毒biology生物学marine biology海洋生物学microbiology微生物学genetics遗传学speciology物种学speciation 物种形成parasite parasitic 寄生paleontology古生物学paleontologist古生物学家Paleolithic Neolithic dinosaur恐龙die out extinction灭绝 go extinct mammal哺乳动物carnivore食肉动物carnivorous 食肉 herbivore食草动物 herbivorous食草 omnivorous amphibian 两栖动物 reptile endotherm Ectotherm underwater水marine 海洋onecelled organism单细胞机体unicellular单细胞 singlecelled单细胞tissue（动植物细胞）组织protective camouflage保护色disguise伪装 predator捕猎者approach prey on animal adaptation动物适应性survival of the fittest适者生存origin of species物种起源wild environment野生环境pesticide杀虫剂insecticide habitat栖息inhabit 居住栖息inhibit 阻止抑制resident居民 inhabitant 居民 residential area 居民区dweller 居民 city dweller prey捕食navigate导航decline in the number数量减少gene基genetic基遗传endangered species濒危动物survival 存活transition转变渡hatch孵化nest巢offspring子孙descendant 代 ascend descend forefather chew up咀嚼fertility fertile barren fertilize unfertilized eggs未受精卵nutrient营养品nourishment营养品 食物feed喂养respiration呼吸
digestion消化cell细胞cell wall细胞壁protein蛋白质carbonhydrate plankton浮游生物heredity遗传hereditary adj chromosome染色体genetic engineering遗传工程solitary独居social群居biodiversity生物样性variation变异 the competition for living resources Secondary 相理区域中素会影响物种生长繁殖 migrate
2 Astronomy 天文学 TPO 2 lecture 4 TPO 3 lecture 4 TPO 5 lecture 2 TPO 13 lecture 4 TPO 14 lecture 3 TPO 18 lecture 1 TPO 19 lecture 2 TPO 21 lecture 1(history of science) TPO 22 lecture 2 TPO 24 lecture 4
astronomy天文学cosmos universe 宇宙cosmology宇宙学infinite限cosmic宇宙cosmic radiation宇宙辐射cosmic rays宇宙射线celestial天体celestial body heavenly body天体celestial map sky atlas天体图celestial sphere天球 (the eastern hemisphere) circle semicircle diameter semidiameter radius dwarf dwarf star矮星constellation 星座galaxy Milky Way银河系star cluster星团solar system太阳系solar radiation 太阳辐射sunspot planet行星 asteroid行星revolve旋转revolution公转rotate rotation转 tilt (autobiography) orbit 轨道 twinkle闪烁naked eye肉眼Mercury 水星Venus金星Earth球Mars火星Jupiter木星Saturn 土星Uranus天王星Neptune 海王星Pluto 冥王星spin旋转satellite 卫星lunar月球meteor流星meteor shower流星雨star恒星meteoroid流星体
meteorite陨石comet 彗星 collide collision 碰撞 space outer space太空外层空间spacecraft spaceship宇宙飞船space shuttle航天飞机space telescope空间远镜astronaut spaceman宇航员space suit 宇航服intergalactic星系间interplanetary行星间nebula 星云space de’bris太空垃圾ammonia氨 sunspot太阳黑子（发生光球层）vacuum真空faint 微弱belt 区域带 image影gravitational force心引力 gravity molten融化thaw melt dissolve leap year闰年light year光年 spectrum光谱单数 spectra光谱复数 uranium铀 helium氦（星球质结构土壤中含化学物质者金属物质星球含水量古代计时方法彗星撞击说） terrestrial planet 类行星 gas giant gas planet 气体行星
3 Art 艺术 TPO 3 lecture 3(art history) TPO 8 lecture 2(artist) TPO 15 lecture 3(art history) TPO 16 lecture 4(art history) TPO 17 lecture 1(art history) TPO 18 lecture 2(art history) TPO 19 lecture 4(art history) TPO 21 lecture 4(art history) take the place of replacesubstitute objective subjective Distort Twist Exaggerate stretch
artist艺术家critic批评家criticize satirist satire irony ironist 讽刺作家inventor发明家biographer传记作家sculptor雕塑家feminist女权义者humanitarian道义者imagist 意象派诗image precursor先驱apprentice学徒mechanic机械工avantgarde前卫派territory领域
genre风格体裁eccentric古怪odd怪诞奇数weird怪异思议romantic浪漫romanticism 浪漫义(individualism 义) innocent天真罪guilty emotional情绪情感sentimental感伤愁善感sensible sensational sensitive acute responsive be responsive to 非常敏锐（商业类话题） cheerless精采生命力rigid僵化stiff clumsy笨拙zigzag曲折contemporary代时期temporary provisional (transcript Official transcript Formal admission Provisional admission)
Permanent eternalimmortal acclaimed受欢迎preeminent 杰出versatile（）艺（物）功household家庭家喻户晓 genuine真正fake original 原作 originate copy reproduction 复制品 replica authentic逼真原汁原味original copy reproduction replica symbolic象征性symbol 象征 symbolism 象征义nostalgia怀旧义思乡nostalgic emotive感（欧洲社会1419世纪较著名女艺术家女性作家侧重解时期男艺术家区）parchment 羊皮纸 decipher 破译识 identify recognize manuscript手稿 manual 工力
4 Anthropology+sociology 类学+社会学 TPO 3 Lecture 2(film history) TPO 7 lecture 1(theater) TPO 9 lecture 1(theater) TPO 10 lecture 2( European history) TPO 17 lecture 3(history) TPO 18 lecture 3(European history)TPO 5 lecture 1(sociology) （社会学部分词汇参考词类记）
Mimicimitate Playwright composer depict hybridmixture
5 环保相关(environmental science) TPO 3 lecture 1 TPO 9 lecture2 TPO 11 lecture 3 TPO 12 lecture 4 TPO 17 lecture 2 TPO 20 lecture 2 TPO 23 lecture 2 TPO 10 lecture 3(ecology)TPO 13 lecture 2(ecology)
ecology 生态学ecosystem生态系统balance of nature然界生态衡fauna动物群flora 植物群flock herd colonyswarm colonize rain forest雨林food chain 食物链acid rain酸雨greenhouse effect 温室效应ozone layer ozonosphere臭氧层hemisphere semi diameter pollution control污染控制air pollution空气控制water pollution水污染toxic毒fumes （毒）废气waste 废物solid waste固体废物sewage wastewater污水sewage purification污水净化sewage disposal污水处理 fossil fuel矿物燃料fuel cell process of photosynthesis光合作solar energy太阳nonrenewable生energy conservation保护源preserve wellpreserved resource资源energy source源资源 tidal energy潮汐fuelefficient节型energyefficient rush hour高峰期zero emission零辐射
emit release Secrete wildness野生天然preservation保护atmosphere气carbon碳dioxide二氧化物burning of coal and oil煤油燃烧 global warming全球变暖rise in sea level海面升longterm climatic change长期气候变化environmental recycling center循环利中心littertrashgarbage垃圾pollutant污染物 contaminate v desertification沙漠化deforest滥伐森林 deforestation 名词 drought干旱water shortage水源缺乏carbon dioxide release 二氧化碳排放industrial sewage工业污水deteriorate恶化 worsen environmental protection环境保护waste disposal废物处理emission（汽车废气）排放El Niño厄尔尼诺现象
6 Literature 文学 TPO 4 lecture 2 TPO 5 lecture 4 TPO 6 lecture 3 TPO 13 lecture 3 TPO 20 lecture 3 Emerson tragedy comedy tragic comic
prose散文diary日记autobiography传记narrative prose叙述性descriptive prose描写性essay笔poetry诗歌(poem poet) ballad民谣lullaby催眠曲fiction说fairy tale童话folk tale (passed on from one generation to the next) legend传说legendary proverb谚语model物原型leading character公(hero heroine) main plot情节prelude序曲literary criticism文学批评(criticize) schools of literature文学流派comparative literature较文学realism现实义modernism现代义aestheticism唯美义 genre 类型体裁folk tale 民间事
hero男公 heroine 女公
7 Archaeology 考古学 TPO 1 lecture 3 TPO 14 lecture 4 TPO 23 lecture 1 TPO 24 lecture 3
archaeology考古学paleontology古生物学anthropology类学archaeologist考古学家originate起源origin ancestor 祖先forefather homogeneous种族（种类）tribe 部落excavation挖掘excavate unearth挖掘ruins遗迹废墟remains遗产遗骸wreck wreckage artifact手工艺品craftsman craftsmanship relic遗物文物an’tique 古物古董Stone Age 石器时代Bronze Age 青铜器时代Iron Age铁器时代Paleolithic旧石器时代Neolithic新石器时代 skull颅骨skeleton fossil化石fossilize ancient civilization古代文明cultural relics文物rock painting岩画 cave painting tomb坟墓 monument 碑 grave坟墓 Xrays
8 Geology 质学 TPO 1 lecture 2 TPO 4 lecture 3 TPO 15 lecture 2 TPO 16 lecture 1
crust壳mantle幔core核continental crust 陆壳continental drift oceanic crust海洋壳layer层fault 断层fault zone断层带crack split断裂 converge convergent evolution趋进化 divergent evolution disintegration decomposition分解 erode
erosion腐蚀sedimentary rock沉积岩limestone石灰岩granite花岗岩marble理石magma molten lava岩浆larva mineral矿物ore矿石deposit矿床rubble碎石debris残骸(debris flow) platinum白金铂金silver银copper黄铜aluminum铝tin锡lead 铅zinc锌nickel镍mercury汞水银sodium钠diamond钻石emerald 绿宝石glacier冰川glacial冰川glacial epoch age period冰川期glacial drift冰渍iceberg冰山volcano火山active volcano活火山extinct volcano死火山dormant volcano休眠火山eruption火山喷发crater火山口depression洼凹陷处盆lava火山岩浆volcanic dust火山尘volcanic ash火山灰hot spring温泉magnitude震级aftershock余震灾变tsunami 海啸undersea landslide 海底山崩global warming全球变暖aquifer蓄水层 aquatic swamp沼泽Nile River尼罗河bedrock岩床 marsh weathering 侵蚀风化 remnant 残留物 sulphuric acid sulphur sulfur sulfuric sulfuric acid carbonic acid
9 Psychology 心理学 TPO 2 lecture 1TPO 10 lecture 4 TPO 14 lecture 1
10 Marine biology海洋生物学 TPO 10 lecture1 TPO 19 lecture 3 TPO 23 lecture 3
coral珊瑚dolphin海豚whale鲸鱼shrimp虾prawn虾lobster龙虾crab螃蟹oyster牡蛎starfish海星squid cuttlefish 乌贼octopus
章鱼
11 Music 音乐 TPO 12 lecture 3 TPO 16 lecture 2 TPO 22 lecture 4
musical instrument乐器orchestra（弦）乐队note 音符rhythm melody tune tone movement 乐章fanatical 狂热folk music民间音乐pop music流行音乐classical music古典音乐Jazz爵士乐symphony交响乐rock and roll摇滚乐band music wind music乐string弦乐violin提琴viola中提琴cello提琴keyboard instrument键盘乐器vocal music声乐solo独奏独唱conducting指挥accompaniment伴奏quality音质volume音量chord弦 harmony声 chorus lyric抒情诗 epic 史诗
12 Meteorology 气象学 TPO 6 lecture 4 TPO 7 lecture 4 climate
meteorology气象meteorologist气象学家meteorological station气象站forecast predict预报climate气候atmosphere气层warm air mass热气团current（气）流moisture潮湿水气moist adj潮湿 humid humidity vapor蒸汽evaporate 蒸发 vaporize damp moist humid潮湿humidity 湿度saturate饱be saturated with penetrate 渗透 penetrate through dew露frost 霜fog mist 雾smog 烟雾droplet 水滴condense浓缩 expand shrink shrank crystal 水晶体 crystalize solidify torrent torrential rain雨drizzle细雨shower阵雨hail冰雹blizzard snowstorm暴风雪snow slide 雪崩
precipitation（雨露雪等）降水thunder 雷breeze微风sandstorm 沙暴whirlwind 旋风typhoon台风hurricane飓风tornado twister cyclone龙卷风wind scale风级tsunami海啸tidal wave潮汐浪潮upper atmosphere层气disaster calamity catastrophe灾难devastation破坏submerge 淹没drought 旱灾convection流wind velocity风速wind direction 风longrange forecast长期预报numerical weather prediction数值天气预报
13 Business 商业 TPO 6 lecture 1(economics) TPO11 lecture 4TPO 12 lecture 2
14 Linguistics 语言学(TPO 9 lecture 4 animal linguistics TPO 19 lecture 1 linguistics TPO 20 lecture 1 )
15 Chemistry 化学(TPO 5 lecture 3 TPO 8 lecture 4)
16 Architecture 建筑 TPO 11 lecture 2 TPO 13 lecture 1 city planning business
architecture建筑学architect建筑学家construct结构design设计skyscraper摩天楼log structure原木结构cabin木屋prototype原型building technique建筑工艺new material新材料metalframe金属结构aquarium水族馆office building 写字楼cathedral教堂the statue of
liberty女神the triumphal arch凯旋门sphinx狮身面pyramid 金字塔castle城堡 interiorinternal structure exteriorexternal structure
17 Zoology 动物学 TPO 22 lecture 3（阅读常考口语四六题常考）
zoology动物学Darwinism达尔文学说natural selection然选择 species 物种 invertebrate脊椎动物vertebrate脊椎动物aquatic life 水生动物reptile爬行动物amphibianamphibious animal两栖动物parasitic animal寄生动物primate灵长动物herbivore食草动物mammal哺乳动物endotherm恒温动物coldblooded animal冷血动物ectotherm变温动物scavenger食腐动物carnivorous食肉herbivorous食草omnivorous杂食bird鸟类camouflage伪装hibernate冬眠蛰伏dormant regeneration生predatory捕食swarmscolony（昆虫等）群flock（鸟）群herd 兽群 flora 植物群 fauna 动物群community动物群落部落population种群nomadic游牧流浪 huntergatherer 原始野（原始社会游牧生活方式农业出现社会历变化着重解农业出现时社会影响）trap诱捕metabolism新陈代谢metabolic rate breed（名词）品种（动词）繁殖multiply reproduce繁殖creature生物feathers羽毛spine脊椎digestive system消化系统reproductive system生殖系统circulatory system循环系统respiratory system呼吸系统hormone 荷尔蒙liver肝squirrel松鼠otter水獭antelope羚羊gorilla猩猩chimpanzee黑猩猩
baboon狒狒beaver海狸giraffe长颈鹿rhinoceros犀牛hippo河马frog青蛙scorpion蝎子turtle龟lizard蜥蜴crocodile鳄鱼owl猫头鹰penguin企鹅crane鹤migrate迁移 migrant wing翅膀bill（鸟）嘴beak（鹰等）嘴鹰钩鼻 insect昆虫pest害虫worm虫 larva幼虫 lava 熔岩
18 Botany植物学 TPO 2 lecture 2（阅读常考口语第六题常考）
botanical botanic植物学aquatic plant水生植物parasite plant 寄生植物root根foliage leaf叶leaflet叶stem茎stalk杆flower 花bud花蕾petal 花瓣trunk树干bark树皮branch树枝分支分公司subsidiary affiliate jungle 丛林lawn草坪meadow草牧场prairie 草原mosses苔藓shrub bush灌木herb 草photosynthesis 光合作symbiosis生symbiotic 生wither fade凋谢blossom花pollen花粉pollinate传授花粉nectar花蜜organ器官system系统seeds 种子everlasting永久crossbreed杂交hybrid barren贫瘠生育fertile carbonhydrate 碳水化合物fat脂肪protein蛋白质vitamin 维命malnourished 营养良maltreat 虐nutrition 营养nutrient annual年生evergreen常青树pine松树spruce云杉orchid兰花chrysanthemum菊花water lily荷花莲花rose 玫瑰lily 百合jasmine茉莉花sunflower日葵camellia茶花corn maize玉米pumpkin南瓜lettuce莴苣cabbage 卷心菜wheat 麦barley麦oats燕麦
19 Geography 理学 TPO 9 lecture 3（阅读常考）geography
hemisphere 半球parallel 行圈latitude纬线longitude线 度elevation海拔altitude高度 海拔horizon线vertical equator赤道temperate latitudes温带区tropics 热带区Arctic the North Pole 北极Antarctic Antarctica南极the Antarctic Continent 南极洲continental drift the Antarctic Circle南极圈the Arctic Circle北极圈plain原plateau highland 高lowland 低basin 盆oasis绿洲peak山峰reach the peak ranges山脉cave洞穴terrain域subterranean底coastland 海区coastline海岸线watershed分水岭upper reaches游lower reaches游deposit沉积spring fountain泉水iceberg 冰山riverbed河床gulf bay海湾waterfall 瀑布reef暗礁tide湖水torrent水急流tropical rain forest热带雨林continental island 陆岛volcanic island 火山岛coral island珊瑚岛peninsular半岛delta三角洲landlocked area陆inland waterway陆河subcontinent次陆cliff山崖valley山谷hillside mountain slope山坡continental shelf陆架canyon峡谷channel strait 海峡geothermal 热continental drift 陆漂移学seafloor spreading 海床扩展evaporation蒸发ocean bottom 海床sediment沉积物tropical热带temperate 温带frigid 寒带tundra苔原冻原the Mediterranean Sea中海the primeval forest原始森林Scandinavia斯堪纳维亚(半岛)(瑞典挪威丹麦冰岛泛称) coral reef珊瑚礁territory 版图领土域
glacier冰河
20 Painting 美术 TPO 1 lecture 1
fine arts美术oil painting油画water color水彩画sketch速写素描poster海报招贴画engraving版画landscape painting风景画still life静物画portrait肖画pigment颜料色素canvas油画布brush 画笔brush strokes sketch board画板perspective透视画法original 原作copyreproduction replica复制品genuine真fake假art gallery美术馆autograph真迹 calligraphy书法paste裱糊impressionistic style印象派风格impressionism framing装框sculpture 雕塑sculptor 雕塑家statue塑unique唯独特 ex’hibit exhibition rough subject depict depiction
21 Politics and economics 政治济（阅读常考）
commodity商品check支票收账单bank loan银行贷款interest 利息withdraw银行账户中提款the Great Depression萧条consumerism消费义（认高消费社会利法）保护消费者权益义affluence富裕富足sophisticated世老练复杂尖端
需百度百科中重点解容：
鸟类鸟类迁徙鸟类常迁徙迁徙原般类鸟类生存环境破坏想结合
鸟声音者歌唱具备目语言力生俱天查阅鸟类声音较独特 关吸引配偶重点解两栖动物恒温动物变温动物 重点解恐龙冰河世纪相结合什恐龙会灭绝灭绝整生态造成影响 食肉植物三种保护色典型代表海洋物种保护乌贼
气象学类：厄尔尼诺El nino 产生原农业影响 冰河世纪什时气温会降全球物种影响
类发展史：huntergatherer nomadic agriculture 开始定居慢慢形成社会样群体口越越产生社会问题农业发展类影响坏解农业发展时早期社会会产生负面影响前样追赶猎物身体机退化农业发展发展天收
文学类：莎士亚作品什特点代表作中心思想反映时代背景爱默生 文艺复兴运动代表物发生国家代表作中心思想时代背景School流派新文学者艺术流派通常非常突出义individualism nature 浪漫义古典义新古典义
艺术类：米开朗基罗梵高画家雕刻家音乐家
心理学：代表物defense mechanism 抵御负面情绪方法 弗洛伊德理
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