老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
1
1
1
1

老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书
——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
容说明：
1
书完全免费放出
1600
左右单词均
100
分必会单词然
准备托福考试时候需背单词单词书项基础性服务基础性
服务应该免费需空气收呼吸费？电费水费
欧洲国家收中国陆第全免费托福单词书老师制造
里全免费单词书时优秀单词书
2
单词书托福真题文章容合起进行词频统计统计结束
时老师单词高低排列保证先背出现次数保证
家高效率提高新托福考试单词书中排位书统计
前已新托福文章两次进行计算保证考友背单词鲜活
单词
3
老师
Toefl
词汇红宝书单词统计结束老师亲筛选
熟悉单词说
apple

the
样单词全部掉样极减少
考友需背单词量
4
老师
Toefl
词汇红宝书单词高低次序进行
排列极满足考友性化需果需考
100
分


单词背果仅需考
80
分出现频率
3
次
单
词背考率相偏
5
出现频率老师
Toefl
词汇红宝书破前做法现

ZA
排列方式防止产生疲劳感
6
老师降低家劳动强度词根单词放起方便记
忆


发现单词进行扩展简单难难单词背
词根放起保证单词旦背相关系列单词
迎刃解
7
单词书保证原汁原味单词托福考试中常出现形式作默认显
示方式列出（括号）中容单词原型
8
托福考试求贴生活国考试考试目完全国考试会
涉意项托福考试中会考国单词书仅仅做
单词罗列根没列出考试中常考什造成结果常
单词背考试考感觉书中老师进行解释均
托福考试中常考意项句话充分体现老师解托福界句
话质说
since
单词托福考试中常见


pa
rallel
单词相相似意项托福单词书中没解决问
题书中次性解决
9
单词书中例句均托福考试真题中出现原句保证书
细节贴托福考试
10
某单词然出现次数名篇文章
中出现造成部分单词实效老师单词全部挑出放
单词书面减少家工作量节省背单词时间
11
单词高低序排列仅成背单词
成考前刺单词书老师
Toefl
红宝书旦拥求
单
词实例讲解：
3
90
390
390
390

单词真题中出现次数
s
tates
states
states
states

真题常考形式
（
s
tate
state
state
state

单词原型
[
[
[
[
s
te
ste
ste
ste
I
t
It
It
It
]
]
]
]

音 标
）
n

n
n
n
状
况




状
态
v

v
v
v
陈
述

单词释义
56
56
56
56
s
tatements
statements
statements
statements

词根单词
（
s
tatement
statement
statement
statement
[
[
[
[
5
steitmEnt
5steitmEnt
5steitmEnt
5steitmEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n

n
n
n
陈
述

I
n
f
act
v
arious
e
motional
s
tates
gi
ve
r
ise
t
o
c
ertain
pa
tterns
of
e
lectrical
a
ctivity
i
n
t
he
f
acial
m
uscles
a
nd
i
n
t
he
br
ain


例句默认第单词例句老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
1
1
1
1

老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书
——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
容说明：
1
书完全免费放出
1600
左右单词均
100
分必会单词然
准备托福考试时候需背单词单词书项基础性服务基础性
服务应该免费需空气收呼吸费？电费水费
欧洲国家收中国陆第全免费托福单词书老师制造
里全免费单词书时优秀单词书
2
单词书托福真题文章容合起进行词频统计统计结束
时老师单词高低排列保证先背出现次数保证
家高效率提高新托福考试单词书中排位书统计
前已新托福文章两次进行计算保证考友背单词鲜活
单词
3
老师
Toefl
词汇红宝书单词统计结束老师亲筛选
熟悉单词说
apple

the
样单词全部掉样极减少
考友需背单词量
4
老师
Toefl
词汇红宝书单词高低次序进行
排列极满足考友性化需果需考
100
分


单词背果仅需考
80
分出现频率
3
次
单
词背考率相偏
5
出现频率老师
Toefl
词汇红宝书破前做法现

ZA
排列方式防止产生疲劳感
6
老师降低家劳动强度词根单词放起方便记
忆


发现单词进行扩展简单难难单词背
词根放起保证单词旦背相关系列单词
迎刃解
7
单词书保证原汁原味单词托福考试中常出现形式作默认显
示方式列出（括号）中容单词原型
8
托福考试求贴生活国考试考试目完全国考试会
涉意项托福考试中会考国单词书仅仅做
单词罗列根没列出考试中常考什造成结果常
单词背考试考感觉书中老师进行解释均
托福考试中常考意项句话充分体现老师解托福界句
话质说
since
单词托福考试中常见


pa
rallel
单词相相似意项托福单词书中没解决问
题书中次性解决
9
单词书中例句均托福考试真题中出现原句保证书
细节贴托福考试
10
某单词然出现次数名篇文章
中出现造成部分单词实效老师单词全部挑出放
单词书面减少家工作量节省背单词时间
11
单词高低序排列仅成背单词
成考前刺单词书老师
Toefl
红宝书旦拥求
单
词实例讲解：
3
90
390
390
390

单词真题中出现次数
s
tates
states
states
states

真题常考形式
（
s
tate
state
state
state

单词原型
[
[
[
[
s
te
ste
ste
ste
I
t
It
It
It
]
]
]
]

音 标
）
n

n
n
n
状
况




状
态
v

v
v
v
陈
述

单词释义
56
56
56
56
s
tatements
statements
statements
statements

词根单词
（
s
tatement
statement
statement
statement
[
[
[
[
5
steitmEnt
5steitmEnt
5steitmEnt
5steitmEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n

n
n
n
陈
述

I
n
f
act
v
arious
e
motional
s
tates
gi
ve
r
ise
t
o
c
ertain
pa
tterns
of
e
lectrical
a
ctivity
i
n
t
he
f
acial
m
uscles
a
nd
i
n
t
he
br
ain


例句默认第单词例句老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
2
2
2
2
L
ist
List
List
List 1
1
1
1
（第天）
390
390
390
390 states
states
states
states
（
state
state
state
state[
[
[
[
steIt
steIt
steIt
steIt
]
]
]
]
）
n

n
n
n
状
况




状态
v

v
v
v
陈
述
56
56
56
56 statements
statements
statements
statements
（
statement
statement
statement
statement[
[
[
[
5steitmEnt
5steitmEnt
5steitmEnt
5steitmEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n

n
n
n
陈
述

In fact various emotional states give rise to certain patterns of electrical activity in
the facial muscles and in the brain

311
311
311
311 form
form
form
form [
[
[
[
fCm
fCm
fCm
fCm
]
]
]
]
n

n
n
n
形
状
v

v
v
v
形
成
5
5
5
5 deformed
deformed
deformed
deformed
（
deform
deform
deform
deform[
[
[
[
di5fCm
di5fCm
di5fCm
di5fCm
]
]
]
]
）
v
v
v
v
变形变畸形
3
3
3
3 reform
reform
reform
reform [
[
[
[
ri5fCm
ri5fCm
ri5fCm
ri5fCm
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
改
造




改革
n

n
n
n
改
良

Some mountains were formed as a result of these plates crashing into each other and
forcing up the rock at the plate margins

281
281
281
281 plants
plants
plants
plants
（
plant
plant
plant
plant[
[
[
[
plBnt
plBnt
plBnt
plBnt
]
]
]
]
）
n

n
n
n
植
物




工厂
v

v
v
v
种
植
10
10
10
10 plantation
plantation
plantation
plantation [
[
[
[
plAn5teiFEn
plAn5teiFEn
plAn5teiFEn
plAn5teiFEn
]
]
]
]
n

n
n
n
农
园




农场
3
3
3
3 transplanted
transplanted
transplanted
transplanted
（
transplant
transplant
transplant
transplant[
[
[
[
trAns5plBnt
trAns5plBnt
trAns5plBnt
trAns5plBnt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
移
居




迁移

Animal dung enriches the soil by providing nutrients for plant growth

275
275
275
275 mentioned
mentioned
mentioned
mentioned
（
mention
mention
mention
mention[
[
[
[
5menFEn
5menFEn
5menFEn
5menFEn
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
提


For example in 1875 one biologist pointed out the diversity of butterflies in the
Amazon when he mentioned that about 700 species were found within
a
n
hour
＇s walk
whereas the total number found
o
n
t
he British islands did not exceed 66 and the whole
of Europe supported only 321

274
274
274
274 century
century
century
century [
[
[
[
5sentFuri
5sentFuri
5sentFuri
5sentFuri
]
]
]
]
n

n
n
n
世
纪




百年

Even though the fine arts
i
n
t
he twentieth century often treat materials
i
n
ne
w ways
the basic difference
i
n
a
ttitude of artists
i
n
r
elation to their materials
i
n
t
he fine arts and
the applied arts remains relatively constant

274
274
274
274 author
author
author
author [
[
[
[
5CWE
5CWE
5CWE
5CWE
]
]
]
]
n

n
n
n
作
者
11
11
11
11 authority
authority
authority
authority [
[
[
[
C5WCriti
C5WCriti
C5WCriti
C5WCriti
]
]
]
]
n

n
n
n
专
家




威信

The author presents two theories for a historical phenomenon

248
248
248
248 species[
species[
species[
species[
5spiFiz
5spiFiz
5spiFiz
5spiFiz
]
]
]
]
（单复数型）
n

n
n
n
种
类




类
3
3
3
3 subspecies
subspecies
subspecies
subspecies
[
[
[
[
＇s
＇s
＇s
＇sʌ
ʌ
ʌ
ʌb
b
b
bˌ
ˌ
ˌ
ˌspi
spi
spi
spiʃ
ʃ
ʃ
ʃiz]
iz]
iz]
iz]
n

n
n
n
亚
种

Some species of tuna have specialized grooves
i
n
t
heir tongue

226
226
226
226 art
art
art
art [
[
[
[
Bt
Bt
Bt
Bt
]
]
]
]
n

n
n
n
艺
术

Tunas mackerels and billfishes have made streamlining into
a
n
a
rt form Their
bodies are sleek and compact

191
191
191
191 produced
produced
produced
produced
（
produce[
produce[
produce[
produce[
prE5djus
prE5djus
prE5djus
prE5djus
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
生
产
n
n
n
n
产品
69
69
69
69 production
production
production
production [
[
[
[
prE5dQkFEn
prE5dQkFEn
prE5dQkFEn
prE5dQkFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
生产
53
53
53
53 products
products
products
products
（
product[
product[
product[
product[
5prCdEkt
5prCdEkt
5prCdEkt
5prCdEkt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
产品
25
25
25
25 reproduction
reproduction
reproduction
reproduction [
[
[
[
7riprE5dQkFEn
7riprE5dQkFEn
7riprE5dQkFEn
7riprE5dQkFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
生殖复制
16
16
16
16 reproduce
reproduce
reproduce
reproduce [
[
[
[
7riprE5djus
7riprE5djus
7riprE5djus
7riprE5djus
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
繁
殖翻拍复制
10
10
10
10 productivity
productivity
productivity
productivity [
[
[
[
7prCdQk5tiviti
7prCdQk5tiviti
7prCdQk5tiviti
7prCdQk5tiviti
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
生产力
6
6
6
6 productive
productive
productive
productive [
[
[
[
prE5dQktiv
prE5dQktiv
prE5dQktiv
prE5dQktiv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
产
6
6
6
6 reproductive
reproductive
reproductive
reproductive [
[
[
[
5riprE5dQktiv
5riprE5dQktiv
5riprE5dQktiv
5riprE5dQktiv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
生




复制

Other mountains may be raised by earthquakes which fracture the Earth＇s crust and
can displace enough rock to produce block mountains

167
167
167
167 increase
increase
increase
increase [
[
[
[
in5kris
in5kris
in5kris
in5kris
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
增
加

T
o
i
ncrease the society
’
s pr
osperity

150
150
150
150 cause
cause
cause
cause [
[
[
[
kCz
kCz
kCz
kCz
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
导
致
n
n
n
n
原

Wind velocity also increases with altitude and may cause serious stress for trees as is
made evident by the deformed shapes at high altitudes

136
136
136
136 regions
regions
regions
regions
（
region[
region[
region[
region[
5ridVEn
5ridVEn
5ridVEn
5ridVEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
区域老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
2
2
2
2
L
ist
List
List
List 1
1
1
1
（第天）
390
390
390
390 states
states
states
states
（
state
state
state
state[
[
[
[
steIt
steIt
steIt
steIt
]
]
]
]
）
n

n
n
n
状
况




状态
v

v
v
v
陈
述
56
56
56
56 statements
statements
statements
statements
（
statement
statement
statement
statement[
[
[
[
5steitmEnt
5steitmEnt
5steitmEnt
5steitmEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n

n
n
n
陈
述

In fact various emotional states give rise to certain patterns of electrical activity in
the facial muscles and in the brain

311
311
311
311 form
form
form
form [
[
[
[
fCm
fCm
fCm
fCm
]
]
]
]
n

n
n
n
形
状
v

v
v
v
形
成
5
5
5
5 deformed
deformed
deformed
deformed
（
deform
deform
deform
deform[
[
[
[
di5fCm
di5fCm
di5fCm
di5fCm
]
]
]
]
）
v
v
v
v
变形变畸形
3
3
3
3 reform
reform
reform
reform [
[
[
[
ri5fCm
ri5fCm
ri5fCm
ri5fCm
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
改
造




改革
n

n
n
n
改
良

Some mountains were formed as a result of these plates crashing into each other and
forcing up the rock at the plate margins

281
281
281
281 plants
plants
plants
plants
（
plant
plant
plant
plant[
[
[
[
plBnt
plBnt
plBnt
plBnt
]
]
]
]
）
n

n
n
n
植
物




工厂
v

v
v
v
种
植
10
10
10
10 plantation
plantation
plantation
plantation [
[
[
[
plAn5teiFEn
plAn5teiFEn
plAn5teiFEn
plAn5teiFEn
]
]
]
]
n

n
n
n
农
园




农场
3
3
3
3 transplanted
transplanted
transplanted
transplanted
（
transplant
transplant
transplant
transplant[
[
[
[
trAns5plBnt
trAns5plBnt
trAns5plBnt
trAns5plBnt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
移
居




迁移

Animal dung enriches the soil by providing nutrients for plant growth

275
275
275
275 mentioned
mentioned
mentioned
mentioned
（
mention
mention
mention
mention[
[
[
[
5menFEn
5menFEn
5menFEn
5menFEn
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
提


For example in 1875 one biologist pointed out the diversity of butterflies in the
Amazon when he mentioned that about 700 species were found within
a
n
hour
＇s walk
whereas the total number found
o
n
t
he British islands did not exceed 66 and the whole
of Europe supported only 321

274
274
274
274 century
century
century
century [
[
[
[
5sentFuri
5sentFuri
5sentFuri
5sentFuri
]
]
]
]
n

n
n
n
世
纪




百年

Even though the fine arts
i
n
t
he twentieth century often treat materials
i
n
ne
w ways
the basic difference
i
n
a
ttitude of artists
i
n
r
elation to their materials
i
n
t
he fine arts and
the applied arts remains relatively constant

274
274
274
274 author
author
author
author [
[
[
[
5CWE
5CWE
5CWE
5CWE
]
]
]
]
n

n
n
n
作
者
11
11
11
11 authority
authority
authority
authority [
[
[
[
C5WCriti
C5WCriti
C5WCriti
C5WCriti
]
]
]
]
n

n
n
n
专
家




威信

The author presents two theories for a historical phenomenon

248
248
248
248 species[
species[
species[
species[
5spiFiz
5spiFiz
5spiFiz
5spiFiz
]
]
]
]
（单复数型）
n

n
n
n
种
类




类
3
3
3
3 subspecies
subspecies
subspecies
subspecies
[
[
[
[
＇s
＇s
＇s
＇sʌ
ʌ
ʌ
ʌb
b
b
bˌ
ˌ
ˌ
ˌspi
spi
spi
spiʃ
ʃ
ʃ
ʃiz]
iz]
iz]
iz]
n

n
n
n
亚
种

Some species of tuna have specialized grooves
i
n
t
heir tongue

226
226
226
226 art
art
art
art [
[
[
[
Bt
Bt
Bt
Bt
]
]
]
]
n

n
n
n
艺
术

Tunas mackerels and billfishes have made streamlining into
a
n
a
rt form Their
bodies are sleek and compact

191
191
191
191 produced
produced
produced
produced
（
produce[
produce[
produce[
produce[
prE5djus
prE5djus
prE5djus
prE5djus
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
生
产
n
n
n
n
产品
69
69
69
69 production
production
production
production [
[
[
[
prE5dQkFEn
prE5dQkFEn
prE5dQkFEn
prE5dQkFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
生产
53
53
53
53 products
products
products
products
（
product[
product[
product[
product[
5prCdEkt
5prCdEkt
5prCdEkt
5prCdEkt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
产品
25
25
25
25 reproduction
reproduction
reproduction
reproduction [
[
[
[
7riprE5dQkFEn
7riprE5dQkFEn
7riprE5dQkFEn
7riprE5dQkFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
生殖复制
16
16
16
16 reproduce
reproduce
reproduce
reproduce [
[
[
[
7riprE5djus
7riprE5djus
7riprE5djus
7riprE5djus
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
繁
殖翻拍复制
10
10
10
10 productivity
productivity
productivity
productivity [
[
[
[
7prCdQk5tiviti
7prCdQk5tiviti
7prCdQk5tiviti
7prCdQk5tiviti
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
生产力
6
6
6
6 productive
productive
productive
productive [
[
[
[
prE5dQktiv
prE5dQktiv
prE5dQktiv
prE5dQktiv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
产
6
6
6
6 reproductive
reproductive
reproductive
reproductive [
[
[
[
5riprE5dQktiv
5riprE5dQktiv
5riprE5dQktiv
5riprE5dQktiv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
生




复制

Other mountains may be raised by earthquakes which fracture the Earth＇s crust and
can displace enough rock to produce block mountains

167
167
167
167 increase
increase
increase
increase [
[
[
[
in5kris
in5kris
in5kris
in5kris
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
增
加

T
o
i
ncrease the society
’
s pr
osperity

150
150
150
150 cause
cause
cause
cause [
[
[
[
kCz
kCz
kCz
kCz
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
导
致
n
n
n
n
原

Wind velocity also increases with altitude and may cause serious stress for trees as is
made evident by the deformed shapes at high altitudes

136
136
136
136 regions
regions
regions
regions
（
region[
region[
region[
region[
5ridVEn
5ridVEn
5ridVEn
5ridVEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
区域老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
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wwwibtsatcom
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英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
3
3
3
3

I
t ranges from sea level
i
n
t
he Polar Regions to 4500 meters
i
n
t
he dry subtropics and
35004500 meters
i
n
t
he moist tropics

131
131
131
131 sentence
sentence
sentence
sentence [
[
[
[
5sentEns
5sentEns
5sentEns
5sentEns
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
宣
判
n
n
n
n
句子

Where would the sentence best fit

129
129
129
129 population
population
population
population [
[
[
[
7pCpju5leiFEn
7pCpju5leiFEn
7pCpju5leiFEn
7pCpju5leiFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
居民




口

Have populations that are unstable
i
n
r
esponse to climate conditions

124
124
124
124 study
study
study
study [
[
[
[
5stQdi
5stQdi
5stQdi
5stQdi
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
研
究
n
n
n
n
研究

It is conceivable that before going hunting the hunters would draw or study pictures
of animals and imagine a successful hunt

124
124
124
124 fossils
fossils
fossils
fossils
（
fossil[
fossil[
fossil[
fossil[
5fCsl
5fCsl
5fCsl
5fCsl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
化石
9
9
9
9 fossilization
fossilization
fossilization
fossilization [
[
[
[
fɑsɪlə＇zeɪʃn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
化石作
7
7
7
7 fossilized
fossilized
fossilized
fossilized
（
fossilize[
fossilize[
fossilize[
fossilize[
＇fɑsɪlaɪz
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

成化石

Pakicetus is the oldest fossil whale yet to be found

121
121
121
121 theory
theory
theory
theory [
[
[
[
5WiEri
5WiEri
5WiEri
5WiEri
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
理








11
11
11
11 theorists
theorists
theorists
theorists
（
theorist[
theorist[
theorist[
theorist[
5WiErist
5WiErist
5WiErist
5WiErist
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
理家
4
4
4
4 theorized
theorized
theorized
theorized
（
theory[
theory[
theory[
theory[
5WiEri
5WiEri
5WiEri
5WiEri
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
建
立理




理化

According to psychodynamic theory the best ways to prevent harmful aggression may
be to encourage less harmful aggression

121
121
121
121 term
term
term
term [
[
[
[
tEm
tEm
tEm
tEm
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v





称

n
n
n
n
学期

During Jackson＇s second term his opponents had gradually come together to form the
Whig party

121
121
121
121 artists
artists
artists
artists
（
artist[
artist[
artist[
artist[
5Btist
5Btist
5Btist
5Btist
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
艺术家
40
40
40
40 artistic
artistic
artistic
artistic [
[
[
[
B5tistik
B5tistik
B5tistik
B5tistik
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
艺术




美术

For example some early societies ceased to consider certain rites essential to their
wellbeing and abandoned them nevertheless they retained as parts of their oral
tradition the myths that had grown up around the rites and admired them for their
artistic qualities rather than for their religious usefulness

117
117
117
117 design
design
design
design [
[
[
[
di5zain
di5zain
di5zain
di5zain
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
设
计
6
6
6
6 designers
designers
designers
designers
（
designer[
designer[
designer[
designer[
di5zainE
di5zainE
di5zainE
di5zainE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
设计者

Architecture is the art and science of designing structures that organize and enclose
space for practical and symbolic purposes

113
113
113
113 source
source
source
source [
[
[
[
sCs
sCs
sCs
sCs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
源




根源

This unprecedented development of a finite groundwater resource with
a
n
a
lmost
negligible natural recharge rate—that is virtually no natural water source to replenish
the water supply—has caused water tables
i
n
t
he region to fall drastically

110
110
110
110 environment
environment
environment
environment [
[
[
[
in5vaiErEnmEnt
in5vaiErEnmEnt
in5vaiErEnmEnt
in5vaiErEnmEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
环境
7
7
7
7 environmentalists
environmentalists
environmentalists
environmentalists
（
environmentalist[
environmentalist[
environmentalist[
environmentalist[
in7vaiErEn5mentlist
in7vaiErEn5mentlist
in7vaiErEn5mentlist
in7vaiErEn5mentlist
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
环境保护者

Many ecologists now think that the relative longterm stability of climax communities
comes not from diversity but from the patchiness of the environment
a
n
e
nvironment that varies from place to place supports more kinds of organisms than
a
n
e
nvironment that is uniform

108
108
108
108 period
period
period
period [
[
[
[
5piEriEd
5piEriEd
5piEriEd
5piEriEd
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
时期
6
6
6
6 periodic
periodic
periodic
periodic [
[
[
[
piEri5Cdik
piEri5Cdik
piEri5Cdik
piEri5Cdik
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
定期
5
5
5
5 periodically
periodically
periodically
periodically [
[
[
[
9pIErI`CdIkLlI
9pIErI`CdIkLlI
9pIErI`CdIkLlI
9pIErI`CdIkLlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
周期性




偶尔

In the long run electricity from large wind farms
i
n
r
emote areas might be used to
make hydrogen gas from water during periods when there is less than peak demand for
electricity

107
107
107
107 society
society
society
society [
[
[
[
sE5saiEti
sE5saiEti
sE5saiEti
sE5saiEti
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
社会老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
3
3
3
3

I
t ranges from sea level
i
n
t
he Polar Regions to 4500 meters
i
n
t
he dry subtropics and
35004500 meters
i
n
t
he moist tropics

131
131
131
131 sentence
sentence
sentence
sentence [
[
[
[
5sentEns
5sentEns
5sentEns
5sentEns
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
宣
判
n
n
n
n
句子

Where would the sentence best fit

129
129
129
129 population
population
population
population [
[
[
[
7pCpju5leiFEn
7pCpju5leiFEn
7pCpju5leiFEn
7pCpju5leiFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
居民




口

Have populations that are unstable
i
n
r
esponse to climate conditions

124
124
124
124 study
study
study
study [
[
[
[
5stQdi
5stQdi
5stQdi
5stQdi
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
研
究
n
n
n
n
研究

It is conceivable that before going hunting the hunters would draw or study pictures
of animals and imagine a successful hunt

124
124
124
124 fossils
fossils
fossils
fossils
（
fossil[
fossil[
fossil[
fossil[
5fCsl
5fCsl
5fCsl
5fCsl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
化石
9
9
9
9 fossilization
fossilization
fossilization
fossilization [
[
[
[
fɑsɪlə＇zeɪʃn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
化石作
7
7
7
7 fossilized
fossilized
fossilized
fossilized
（
fossilize[
fossilize[
fossilize[
fossilize[
＇fɑsɪlaɪz
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

成化石

Pakicetus is the oldest fossil whale yet to be found

121
121
121
121 theory
theory
theory
theory [
[
[
[
5WiEri
5WiEri
5WiEri
5WiEri
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
理








11
11
11
11 theorists
theorists
theorists
theorists
（
theorist[
theorist[
theorist[
theorist[
5WiErist
5WiErist
5WiErist
5WiErist
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
理家
4
4
4
4 theorized
theorized
theorized
theorized
（
theory[
theory[
theory[
theory[
5WiEri
5WiEri
5WiEri
5WiEri
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
建
立理




理化

According to psychodynamic theory the best ways to prevent harmful aggression may
be to encourage less harmful aggression

121
121
121
121 term
term
term
term [
[
[
[
tEm
tEm
tEm
tEm
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v





称

n
n
n
n
学期

During Jackson＇s second term his opponents had gradually come together to form the
Whig party

121
121
121
121 artists
artists
artists
artists
（
artist[
artist[
artist[
artist[
5Btist
5Btist
5Btist
5Btist
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
艺术家
40
40
40
40 artistic
artistic
artistic
artistic [
[
[
[
B5tistik
B5tistik
B5tistik
B5tistik
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
艺术




美术

For example some early societies ceased to consider certain rites essential to their
wellbeing and abandoned them nevertheless they retained as parts of their oral
tradition the myths that had grown up around the rites and admired them for their
artistic qualities rather than for their religious usefulness

117
117
117
117 design
design
design
design [
[
[
[
di5zain
di5zain
di5zain
di5zain
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
设
计
6
6
6
6 designers
designers
designers
designers
（
designer[
designer[
designer[
designer[
di5zainE
di5zainE
di5zainE
di5zainE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
设计者

Architecture is the art and science of designing structures that organize and enclose
space for practical and symbolic purposes

113
113
113
113 source
source
source
source [
[
[
[
sCs
sCs
sCs
sCs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
源




根源

This unprecedented development of a finite groundwater resource with
a
n
a
lmost
negligible natural recharge rate—that is virtually no natural water source to replenish
the water supply—has caused water tables
i
n
t
he region to fall drastically

110
110
110
110 environment
environment
environment
environment [
[
[
[
in5vaiErEnmEnt
in5vaiErEnmEnt
in5vaiErEnmEnt
in5vaiErEnmEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
环境
7
7
7
7 environmentalists
environmentalists
environmentalists
environmentalists
（
environmentalist[
environmentalist[
environmentalist[
environmentalist[
in7vaiErEn5mentlist
in7vaiErEn5mentlist
in7vaiErEn5mentlist
in7vaiErEn5mentlist
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
环境保护者

Many ecologists now think that the relative longterm stability of climax communities
comes not from diversity but from the patchiness of the environment
a
n
e
nvironment that varies from place to place supports more kinds of organisms than
a
n
e
nvironment that is uniform

108
108
108
108 period
period
period
period [
[
[
[
5piEriEd
5piEriEd
5piEriEd
5piEriEd
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
时期
6
6
6
6 periodic
periodic
periodic
periodic [
[
[
[
piEri5Cdik
piEri5Cdik
piEri5Cdik
piEri5Cdik
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
定期
5
5
5
5 periodically
periodically
periodically
periodically [
[
[
[
9pIErI`CdIkLlI
9pIErI`CdIkLlI
9pIErI`CdIkLlI
9pIErI`CdIkLlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
周期性




偶尔

In the long run electricity from large wind farms
i
n
r
emote areas might be used to
make hydrogen gas from water during periods when there is less than peak demand for
electricity

107
107
107
107 society
society
society
society [
[
[
[
sE5saiEti
sE5saiEti
sE5saiEti
sE5saiEti
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
社会老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
4
4
4
4

S
ome theories of theater development focus
o
n
how t
heater was used by group leader
s
t
o group leaders govern other members of society

107
107
107
107 activities
activities
activities
activities
（
activity[
activity[
activity[
activity[
Ak5tiviti
Ak5tiviti
Ak5tiviti
Ak5tiviti
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
行动




活动

There is little doubt however that desertification
i
n
m
ost areas results primarily from
human activities rather than natural processes

106
106
106
106 mass
mass
mass
mass [
[
[
[
mAs
mAs
mAs
mAs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
块
adj
adj
adj
adj
规模

The cinema did not emerge as a form of mass consumption until its technology
evolved from the initial peepshow format to the point where images were projected
o
n
a s
creen
i
n
a da
rkened theater

105
105
105
105 since
since
since
since [
[
[
[
sins
sins
sins
sins
]
]
]
] conj
conj
conj
conj












Since the raising of most crops necessitates the prior removal of the natural vegetation
crop failures leave extensive tracts of land devoid of a plant cover and susceptible to
wind and water erosion

105
105
105
105 emotions
emotions
emotions
emotions
（
emotion[
emotion[
emotion[
emotion[
i5mEuFEn
i5mEuFEn
i5mEuFEn
i5mEuFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
情绪
35
35
35
35 emotional
emotional
emotional
emotional [
[
[
[
i5mEuFEnl
i5mEuFEnl
i5mEuFEnl
i5mEuFEnl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
情绪

In psychodynamic theory the purging of strong emotions or the relieving of tensions

105
105
105
105 c
ommunities
communities
communities
communities
（
community[
community[
community[
community[
kE5mjuniti
kE5mjuniti
kE5mjuniti
kE5mjuniti
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
群体集合体社
区

Each SMSA would contain at least one central city with 50000 inhabitants or more or
two cities having shared boundaries and constituting for general economic and social
purposes a single community with a combined population of at least 50000 the
smaller of which must have a population of at least 15000

104
104
104
104 organisms
organisms
organisms
organisms
（
organism[
organism[
organism[
organism[
5C^EnizEm
5C^EnizEm
5C^EnizEm
5C^EnizEm
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
生物
5
5
5
5 microorganisms
microorganisms
microorganisms
microorganisms
（
microorganism[
microorganism[
microorganism[
microorganism[
maIkrEJ5C^EnIz(E)m
maIkrEJ5C^EnIz(E)m
maIkrEJ5C^EnIz(E)m
maIkrEJ5C^EnIz(E)m
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
微生物

W
e
c
an say that the properties of
a
n
e
cosystem are more stable than the individual
organisms that compose the ecosystem

102
102
102
102 process
process
process
process [
[
[
[
prE5ses
prE5ses
prE5ses
prE5ses
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
程
v

v
v
v
加
工




处理




办理

In fact damage to the environment by humans is often much more severe than damage
by natural events and processes

101
101
101
101 individual
individual
individual
individual [
[
[
[
7indi5vidjuEl
7indi5vidjuEl
7indi5vidjuEl
7indi5vidjuEl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n





体
adj
adj
adj
adj

4
4
4
4 individualism
individualism
individualism
individualism [
[
[
[
IndI5vIdjJElIz(E)m
IndI5vIdjJElIz(E)m
IndI5vIdjJElIz(E)m
IndI5vIdjJElIz(E)m
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
利义

Because each individual is shortlived the population of
a
n
oppor
tunist species is
likely to be adversely affected by drought bad winters or floods

101
101
101
101 effect
effect
effect
effect [
[
[
[
i5fekt
i5fekt
i5fekt
i5fekt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
结果
v

v
v
v
造
成
34
34
34
34 effective
effective
effective
effective [
[
[
[
i5fektiv
i5fektiv
i5fektiv
i5fektiv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
效
4
4
4
4 effectiveness
effectiveness
effectiveness
effectiveness [
[
[
[
i5fektivnis
i5fektivnis
i5fektivnis
i5fektivnis
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
效力

But for the blacktailed deer human pressure has had just the opposite effect

101
101
101
101 culture
culture
culture
culture [
[
[
[
5kQltFE
5kQltFE
5kQltFE
5kQltFE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
文化




耕种
v

v
v
v
耕
种
35
35
35
35 cultural
cultural
cultural
cultural [
[
[
[
5kQltFEr(E)l
5kQltFEr(E)l
5kQltFEr(E)l
5kQltFEr(E)l
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
修养




文化

The arch was used was used by the early cultures of the Mediterranean area chiefly for
underground drains but it was the Romans who first developed and used the arch
extensively
i
n
a
boveground structures

99
99
99
99 occur
occur
occur
occur [
[
[
[
E5kE
E5kE
E5kE
E5kE
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
发
生




出现
8
8
8
8 occurrences
occurrences
occurrences
occurrences
（
occurrence[
occurrence[
occurrence[
occurrence[
E5kQrEns
E5kQrEns
E5kQrEns
E5kQrEns
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
发生




事件

They occur at the end of a succession

99
99
99
99 include
include
include
include [
[
[
[
in5 klud
in5 klud
in5 klud
in5 klud
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
包
括




包含
4
4
4
4 inclusion
inclusion
inclusion
inclusion [
[
[
[
in5kluVEn
in5kluVEn
in5kluVEn
in5kluVEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
含




含物

Some drawbacks to wind farms include visual pollution and noise although these can
be overcome by improving their design and locating them
i
n
i
solated areas
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
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留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
4
4
4
4

S
ome theories of theater development focus
o
n
how t
heater was used by group leader
s
t
o group leaders govern other members of society

107
107
107
107 activities
activities
activities
activities
（
activity[
activity[
activity[
activity[
Ak5tiviti
Ak5tiviti
Ak5tiviti
Ak5tiviti
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
行动




活动

There is little doubt however that desertification
i
n
m
ost areas results primarily from
human activities rather than natural processes

106
106
106
106 mass
mass
mass
mass [
[
[
[
mAs
mAs
mAs
mAs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
块
adj
adj
adj
adj
规模

The cinema did not emerge as a form of mass consumption until its technology
evolved from the initial peepshow format to the point where images were projected
o
n
a s
creen
i
n
a da
rkened theater

105
105
105
105 since
since
since
since [
[
[
[
sins
sins
sins
sins
]
]
]
] conj
conj
conj
conj












Since the raising of most crops necessitates the prior removal of the natural vegetation
crop failures leave extensive tracts of land devoid of a plant cover and susceptible to
wind and water erosion

105
105
105
105 emotions
emotions
emotions
emotions
（
emotion[
emotion[
emotion[
emotion[
i5mEuFEn
i5mEuFEn
i5mEuFEn
i5mEuFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
情绪
35
35
35
35 emotional
emotional
emotional
emotional [
[
[
[
i5mEuFEnl
i5mEuFEnl
i5mEuFEnl
i5mEuFEnl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
情绪

In psychodynamic theory the purging of strong emotions or the relieving of tensions

105
105
105
105 c
ommunities
communities
communities
communities
（
community[
community[
community[
community[
kE5mjuniti
kE5mjuniti
kE5mjuniti
kE5mjuniti
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
群体集合体社
区

Each SMSA would contain at least one central city with 50000 inhabitants or more or
two cities having shared boundaries and constituting for general economic and social
purposes a single community with a combined population of at least 50000 the
smaller of which must have a population of at least 15000

104
104
104
104 organisms
organisms
organisms
organisms
（
organism[
organism[
organism[
organism[
5C^EnizEm
5C^EnizEm
5C^EnizEm
5C^EnizEm
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
生物
5
5
5
5 microorganisms
microorganisms
microorganisms
microorganisms
（
microorganism[
microorganism[
microorganism[
microorganism[
maIkrEJ5C^EnIz(E)m
maIkrEJ5C^EnIz(E)m
maIkrEJ5C^EnIz(E)m
maIkrEJ5C^EnIz(E)m
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
微生物

W
e
c
an say that the properties of
a
n
e
cosystem are more stable than the individual
organisms that compose the ecosystem

102
102
102
102 process
process
process
process [
[
[
[
prE5ses
prE5ses
prE5ses
prE5ses
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
程
v

v
v
v
加
工




处理




办理

In fact damage to the environment by humans is often much more severe than damage
by natural events and processes

101
101
101
101 individual
individual
individual
individual [
[
[
[
7indi5vidjuEl
7indi5vidjuEl
7indi5vidjuEl
7indi5vidjuEl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n





体
adj
adj
adj
adj

4
4
4
4 individualism
individualism
individualism
individualism [
[
[
[
IndI5vIdjJElIz(E)m
IndI5vIdjJElIz(E)m
IndI5vIdjJElIz(E)m
IndI5vIdjJElIz(E)m
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
利义

Because each individual is shortlived the population of
a
n
oppor
tunist species is
likely to be adversely affected by drought bad winters or floods

101
101
101
101 effect
effect
effect
effect [
[
[
[
i5fekt
i5fekt
i5fekt
i5fekt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
结果
v

v
v
v
造
成
34
34
34
34 effective
effective
effective
effective [
[
[
[
i5fektiv
i5fektiv
i5fektiv
i5fektiv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
效
4
4
4
4 effectiveness
effectiveness
effectiveness
effectiveness [
[
[
[
i5fektivnis
i5fektivnis
i5fektivnis
i5fektivnis
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
效力

But for the blacktailed deer human pressure has had just the opposite effect

101
101
101
101 culture
culture
culture
culture [
[
[
[
5kQltFE
5kQltFE
5kQltFE
5kQltFE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
文化




耕种
v

v
v
v
耕
种
35
35
35
35 cultural
cultural
cultural
cultural [
[
[
[
5kQltFEr(E)l
5kQltFEr(E)l
5kQltFEr(E)l
5kQltFEr(E)l
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
修养




文化

The arch was used was used by the early cultures of the Mediterranean area chiefly for
underground drains but it was the Romans who first developed and used the arch
extensively
i
n
a
boveground structures

99
99
99
99 occur
occur
occur
occur [
[
[
[
E5kE
E5kE
E5kE
E5kE
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
发
生




出现
8
8
8
8 occurrences
occurrences
occurrences
occurrences
（
occurrence[
occurrence[
occurrence[
occurrence[
E5kQrEns
E5kQrEns
E5kQrEns
E5kQrEns
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
发生




事件

They occur at the end of a succession

99
99
99
99 include
include
include
include [
[
[
[
in5 klud
in5 klud
in5 klud
in5 klud
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
包
括




包含
4
4
4
4 inclusion
inclusion
inclusion
inclusion [
[
[
[
in5kluVEn
in5kluVEn
in5kluVEn
in5kluVEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
含




含物

Some drawbacks to wind farms include visual pollution and noise although these can
be overcome by improving their design and locating them
i
n
i
solated areas
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
5
5
5
5
98
98
98
98 p
rovide
provide
provide
provide [
[
[
[
prE5vaid
prE5vaid
prE5vaid
prE5vaid
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
提
供

The land under wind turbines can be used for grazing cattle and other purposes and
leasing land for wind turbines can provide extra income for farmers and ranchers

98
98
98
98 indicate
indicate
indicate
indicate [
[
[
[
5indikeit
5indikeit
5indikeit
5indikeit
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
指
出
11
11
11
11 indications
indications
indications
indications(
(
(
(indication[
indication[
indication[
indication[
7indi5keiFEn
7indi5keiFEn
7indi5keiFEn
7indi5keiFEn
]
]
]
])
)
)
) n
n
n
n
指出




迹象

T
o
i
ndicate that trance states were often associated with activities that took place
inside caves

96
96
96
96 sediment
sediment
sediment
sediment [
[
[
[
5sedimEnt
5sedimEnt
5sedimEnt
5sedimEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
沉淀物




沉积
10
10
10
10 sedimentary
sedimentary
sedimentary
sedimentary [
[
[
[
sedI5mentErI
sedI5mentErI
sedI5mentErI
sedI5mentErI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
沉积
7
7
7
7 sedimentation
sedimentation
sedimentation
sedimentation
[
[
[
[
sed
sed
sed
sed·
·
·
·i
i
i
i·
·
·
·men
men
men
men·
·
·
·ta
ta
ta
ta·
·
·
·tion
tion
tion
tion ||
||
||
|| ‚
‚
‚
‚sed
sed
sed
sedɪ
ɪ
ɪ
ɪmen＇te
men＇te
men＇te
men＇teɪʃ
ɪʃ
ɪʃ
ɪʃn
n
n
n
]
]
]
]
n
n
n
n
沉淀作




沉降

Petroleum consisting of crude
o
il
a
nd natural gas seems to originate from organic
matter
i
n
m
arine sediment

96
96
96
96 pressure
pressure
pressure
pressure [
[
[
[
`preFE(r)
`preFE(r)
`preFE(r)
`preFE(r)
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
压
v

v
v
v





施
加压力




迫

Continued sedimentation—the process of deposits
’
s
ettling
o
n
t
he sea bottom—burie
s
t
he organic matter and subjects it to higher temperatures and pressures which convert
the organic matter to
o
il
a
nd gas

96
96
96
96 particular
particular
particular
particular [
[
[
[
pE5tikjulE
pE5tikjulE
pE5tikjulE
pE5tikjulE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
特




独

There is increasing evidence that the impacts of meteorites have had important effect
s
o
n
E
arth particularly
i
n
t
he field of biological evolution

95
95
95
95 influence
influence
influence
influence [
[
[
[
5influEns
5influEns
5influEns
5influEns
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
影
响
n
n
n
n
影响
5
5
5
5 influential
influential
influential
influential [
[
[
[
7influ5enFEl
7influ5enFEl
7influ5enFEl
7influ5enFEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
影响

Impacts by meteorites represent one mechanism that could cause global catastrophes
and seriously influence the evolution of life
a
ll
ov
er the planet

94
94
94
94 modern
modern
modern
modern [
[
[
[
5mCdEn
5mCdEn
5mCdEn
5mCdEn
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
现代




时髦

T
o
c
ontrast the relative sophistication of modern artists
i
n
s
olving problems related to
the laws of physics

94
94
94
94 impact
impact
impact
impact [
[
[
[
5impAkt
5impAkt
5impAkt
5impAkt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
影
响




撞击
n
n
n
n
作




击

If
a
n
i
mpact is large enough it can disturb the environment of the entire Earth and
cause
a
n
e
cological catastrophe

93
93
93
93 heat
heat
heat
heat [
[
[
[
hit
hit
hit
hit
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v





加
热




激动
n
n
n
n
热




高潮




热度

Increase pressure and heat from the weight of the sediment turn the organic remains
into petroleum

93
93
93
93 objects
objects
objects
objects
（
object[
object[
object[
object[
5CbdVikt
5CbdVikt
5CbdVikt
5CbdVikt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
反





抗议
n
n
n
n
物体




目标
3
3
3
3 objective
objective
objective
objective [
[
[
[
Eb5dVektiv
Eb5dVektiv
Eb5dVektiv
Eb5dVektiv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
客观




外
n
n
n
n
目




实物

They engraved animal figures
o
n
t
he shafts of spears and other objects

90
90
90
90 types
types
types
types
（
type[
type[
type[
type[
taip
taip
taip
taip
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
类型
v

v
v
v
作
代表




字

They may have used figurines to portray
a
n
i
deal type or to express a desire for
fertility

90
90
90
90 power
power
power
power [
[
[
[
5pauE
5pauE
5pauE
5pauE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
势力




权力
v

v
v
v






力量




激励
4
4
4
4 hydropower
hydropower
hydropower
hydropower [
[
[
[
5haidrEupauE
5haidrEupauE
5haidrEupauE
5haidrEupauE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
水力发出电力

In the future wind power is likely to become a major source of the world
’
s
e
nergy
supply

90
90
90
90 major
major
major
major [
[
[
[
5meidVE
5meidVE
5meidVE
5meidVE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj





部份
n
n
n
n
修
12
12
12
12 majority
majority
majority
majority [
[
[
[
mE5dVCriti
mE5dVCriti
mE5dVCriti
mE5dVCriti
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
数




数

The technology is
i
n
pl
ace for a major expansion of wind power worldwide

90
90
90
90 gas
gas
gas
gas [
[
[
[
^As
^As
^As
^As
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
气体
4
4
4
4 gasoline
gasoline
gasoline
gasoline [
[
[
[
5^AsElin
5^AsElin
5^AsElin
5^AsElin
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
汽油
3
3
3
3 outgassing
outgassing
outgassing
outgassing n
n
n
n
气作老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
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红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
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Toefl
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Toefl
词汇红宝书
5
5
5
5
98
98
98
98 p
rovide
provide
provide
provide [
[
[
[
prE5vaid
prE5vaid
prE5vaid
prE5vaid
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
提
供

The land under wind turbines can be used for grazing cattle and other purposes and
leasing land for wind turbines can provide extra income for farmers and ranchers

98
98
98
98 indicate
indicate
indicate
indicate [
[
[
[
5indikeit
5indikeit
5indikeit
5indikeit
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
指
出
11
11
11
11 indications
indications
indications
indications(
(
(
(indication[
indication[
indication[
indication[
7indi5keiFEn
7indi5keiFEn
7indi5keiFEn
7indi5keiFEn
]
]
]
])
)
)
) n
n
n
n
指出




迹象

T
o
i
ndicate that trance states were often associated with activities that took place
inside caves

96
96
96
96 sediment
sediment
sediment
sediment [
[
[
[
5sedimEnt
5sedimEnt
5sedimEnt
5sedimEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
沉淀物




沉积
10
10
10
10 sedimentary
sedimentary
sedimentary
sedimentary [
[
[
[
sedI5mentErI
sedI5mentErI
sedI5mentErI
sedI5mentErI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
沉积
7
7
7
7 sedimentation
sedimentation
sedimentation
sedimentation
[
[
[
[
sed
sed
sed
sed·
·
·
·i
i
i
i·
·
·
·men
men
men
men·
·
·
·ta
ta
ta
ta·
·
·
·tion
tion
tion
tion ||
||
||
|| ‚
‚
‚
‚sed
sed
sed
sedɪ
ɪ
ɪ
ɪmen＇te
men＇te
men＇te
men＇teɪʃ
ɪʃ
ɪʃ
ɪʃn
n
n
n
]
]
]
]
n
n
n
n
沉淀作




沉降

Petroleum consisting of crude
o
il
a
nd natural gas seems to originate from organic
matter
i
n
m
arine sediment

96
96
96
96 pressure
pressure
pressure
pressure [
[
[
[
`preFE(r)
`preFE(r)
`preFE(r)
`preFE(r)
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
压
v

v
v
v





施
加压力




迫

Continued sedimentation—the process of deposits
’
s
ettling
o
n
t
he sea bottom—burie
s
t
he organic matter and subjects it to higher temperatures and pressures which convert
the organic matter to
o
il
a
nd gas

96
96
96
96 particular
particular
particular
particular [
[
[
[
pE5tikjulE
pE5tikjulE
pE5tikjulE
pE5tikjulE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
特




独

There is increasing evidence that the impacts of meteorites have had important effect
s
o
n
E
arth particularly
i
n
t
he field of biological evolution

95
95
95
95 influence
influence
influence
influence [
[
[
[
5influEns
5influEns
5influEns
5influEns
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
影
响
n
n
n
n
影响
5
5
5
5 influential
influential
influential
influential [
[
[
[
7influ5enFEl
7influ5enFEl
7influ5enFEl
7influ5enFEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
影响

Impacts by meteorites represent one mechanism that could cause global catastrophes
and seriously influence the evolution of life
a
ll
ov
er the planet

94
94
94
94 modern
modern
modern
modern [
[
[
[
5mCdEn
5mCdEn
5mCdEn
5mCdEn
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
现代




时髦

T
o
c
ontrast the relative sophistication of modern artists
i
n
s
olving problems related to
the laws of physics

94
94
94
94 impact
impact
impact
impact [
[
[
[
5impAkt
5impAkt
5impAkt
5impAkt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
影
响




撞击
n
n
n
n
作




击

If
a
n
i
mpact is large enough it can disturb the environment of the entire Earth and
cause
a
n
e
cological catastrophe

93
93
93
93 heat
heat
heat
heat [
[
[
[
hit
hit
hit
hit
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v





加
热




激动
n
n
n
n
热




高潮




热度

Increase pressure and heat from the weight of the sediment turn the organic remains
into petroleum

93
93
93
93 objects
objects
objects
objects
（
object[
object[
object[
object[
5CbdVikt
5CbdVikt
5CbdVikt
5CbdVikt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
反





抗议
n
n
n
n
物体




目标
3
3
3
3 objective
objective
objective
objective [
[
[
[
Eb5dVektiv
Eb5dVektiv
Eb5dVektiv
Eb5dVektiv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
客观




外
n
n
n
n
目




实物

They engraved animal figures
o
n
t
he shafts of spears and other objects

90
90
90
90 types
types
types
types
（
type[
type[
type[
type[
taip
taip
taip
taip
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
类型
v

v
v
v
作
代表




字

They may have used figurines to portray
a
n
i
deal type or to express a desire for
fertility

90
90
90
90 power
power
power
power [
[
[
[
5pauE
5pauE
5pauE
5pauE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
势力




权力
v

v
v
v






力量




激励
4
4
4
4 hydropower
hydropower
hydropower
hydropower [
[
[
[
5haidrEupauE
5haidrEupauE
5haidrEupauE
5haidrEupauE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
水力发出电力

In the future wind power is likely to become a major source of the world
’
s
e
nergy
supply

90
90
90
90 major
major
major
major [
[
[
[
5meidVE
5meidVE
5meidVE
5meidVE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj





部份
n
n
n
n
修
12
12
12
12 majority
majority
majority
majority [
[
[
[
mE5dVCriti
mE5dVCriti
mE5dVCriti
mE5dVCriti
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
数




数

The technology is
i
n
pl
ace for a major expansion of wind power worldwide

90
90
90
90 gas
gas
gas
gas [
[
[
[
^As
^As
^As
^As
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
气体
4
4
4
4 gasoline
gasoline
gasoline
gasoline [
[
[
[
5^AsElin
5^AsElin
5^AsElin
5^AsElin
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
汽油
3
3
3
3 outgassing
outgassing
outgassing
outgassing n
n
n
n
气作老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
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词汇红宝书
6
6
6
6

T
hese periods are times when wind turbines are powered by hydrogen gas

88
88
88
88 cave
cave
cave
cave [
[
[
[
keiv
keiv
keiv
keiv
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
洞穴
v

v
v
v
挖
洞
5
5
5
5 caverns
caverns
caverns
caverns
（
cavern[
cavern[
cavern[
cavern[
5kAvEn
5kAvEn
5kAvEn
5kAvEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
巨穴

Scholars have wondered about the meaning of the subjects location and overpaintin
g
of L
ascaux cave images

87
87
87
87 techniques
techniques
techniques
techniques
（
technique[
technique[
technique[
technique[
tek5nik
tek5nik
tek5nik
tek5nik
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
技巧




技法

Artists developed special techniques for painting the walls

87
87
87
87 structure
structure
structure
structure [
[
[
[
5strQktFE
5strQktFE
5strQktFE
5strQktFE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
结构




构造
v

v
v
v
建
筑




组织
15
15
15
15 structural
structural
structural
structural [
[
[
[
5strQktFErEl
5strQktFErEl
5strQktFErEl
5strQktFErEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
结构




建筑

The LongTerm Stability of Ecosystems Plant communities assemble themselves
flexibly and their particular structure depends
o
n
t
he specific history of the area

87
87
87
87 rapid
rapid
rapid
rapid [
[
[
[
5rApid
5rApid
5rApid
5rApid
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
迅速




急促
n
n
n
n
急流

A
v
ery dehydrated person
o
n
t
he other hand cannot drink enough water to rehydrate
at one session because the human stomach is not sufficiently big and because a too
rapid dilution of the body fluids causes death from water intoxication

86
86
86
86 ocean
ocean
ocean
ocean [
[
[
[
5EuFEn
5EuFEn
5EuFEn
5EuFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
海洋
8
8
8
8 oceanic
oceanic
oceanic
oceanic [
[
[
[
7EuFi5Anik
7EuFi5Anik
7EuFi5Anik
7EuFi5Anik
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
海洋
3
3
3
3 oceanographers
oceanographers
oceanographers
oceanographers
（
oceanographer[
oceanographer[
oceanographer[
oceanographer[
9EJFIE`nC^rEfE(r)
9EJFIE`nC^rEfE(r)
9EJFIE`nC^rEfE(r)
9EJFIE`nC^rEfE(r)
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
海洋学者

It has been suggested that Pakicetus fed
o
n
f
ish
i
n
s
hallow water and was not yet
adapted for life
i
n
t
he open ocean

86
86
86
86 ancient
ancient
ancient
ancient [
[
[
[
5einFEnt
5einFEnt
5einFEnt
5einFEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
远古




年老

T
o
e
xplain how ancient builders reduced the amount of time necessary to construct
buildings from stone

86
86
86
86 contained
contained
contained
contained
（
contain[
contain[
contain[
contain[
kEn5tein
kEn5tein
kEn5tein
kEn5tein
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
包
含
12
12
12
12 containers
containers
containers
containers
（
container[
container[
container[
container[
kEn5teinE
kEn5teinE
kEn5teinE
kEn5teinE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
容器




集装箱

The situation is most critical
i
n
T
exas where the climate is driest the greatest amount
of water is being pumped and the aquifer contains the least water

84
84
84
84 glaciers
glaciers
glaciers
glaciers
（
glacier[
glacier[
glacier[
glacier[
5^lAsjE
5^lAsjE
5^lAsjE
5^lAsjE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
冰河
30
30
30
30 glacial
glacial
glacial
glacial [
[
[
[
5^leisjEl
5^leisjEl
5^leisjEl
5^leisjEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
冰




冰河
6
6
6
6 glaciation
glaciation
glaciation
glaciation n
n
n
n
冰蚀
3
3
3
3 interglacial
interglacial
interglacial
interglacial n
n
n
n
两冰河世纪间温暖时间段

Sediments that hold water were spread by glaciers and are still spread by rivers and
streams

82
82
82
82 theater
theater
theater
theater [
[
[
[
5WIEtE(r)
5WIEtE(r)
5WIEtE(r)
5WIEtE(r)
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
剧场




电影院

They produced and prerecorded the material that was shown
i
n
t
he theaters

81
81
81
81 conditions
conditions
conditions
conditions
（
condition[
condition[
condition[
condition[
kEn5diFEn
kEn5diFEn
kEn5diFEn
kEn5diFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
情况




环境

In some regions the increase
i
n
de
sert areas is occurring largely as the result of a trend
toward drier climatic conditions

81
81
81
81 behavior
behavior
behavior
behavior [
[
[
[
bi5heivjE
bi5heivjE
bi5heivjE
bi5heivjE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
行




举止
6
6
6
6 behavioral
behavioral
behavioral
behavioral [
[
[
[
bI5heIvjEr(E)l
bI5heIvjEr(E)l
bI5heIvjEr(E)l
bI5heIvjEr(E)l
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
行

When one animal attacks another
i
t
e
ngages
i
n
t
he most obvious example of
aggressive behavior

80
80
80
80 variety
variety
variety
variety [
[
[
[
vE5raiEti
vE5raiEti
vE5raiEti
vE5raiEti
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
变化




样性
68
68
68
68 various
various
various
various [
[
[
[
5vZEriEs
5vZEriEs
5vZEriEs
5vZEriEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
种
50
50
50
50 vary
vary
vary
vary [
[
[
[
5vZEri
5vZEri
5vZEri
5vZEri
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
改
变




变更




变化
4
4
4
4 variables
variables
variables
variables
（
variable[
variable[
variable[
variable[
5vZEriEbl
5vZEriEbl
5vZEriEbl
5vZEriEbl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
变数




变物
4
4
4
4 invariably
invariably
invariably
invariably [
[
[
[
In5veErIEb(E)lI
In5veErIEb(E)lI
In5veErIEb(E)lI
In5veErIEb(E)lI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
变




定

Facial expressions and emotional states interact with each other through a variety of
feedback mechanisms
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
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红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
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Toefl
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Toefl
词汇红宝书
6
6
6
6

T
hese periods are times when wind turbines are powered by hydrogen gas

88
88
88
88 cave
cave
cave
cave [
[
[
[
keiv
keiv
keiv
keiv
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
洞穴
v

v
v
v
挖
洞
5
5
5
5 caverns
caverns
caverns
caverns
（
cavern[
cavern[
cavern[
cavern[
5kAvEn
5kAvEn
5kAvEn
5kAvEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
巨穴

Scholars have wondered about the meaning of the subjects location and overpaintin
g
of L
ascaux cave images

87
87
87
87 techniques
techniques
techniques
techniques
（
technique[
technique[
technique[
technique[
tek5nik
tek5nik
tek5nik
tek5nik
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
技巧




技法

Artists developed special techniques for painting the walls

87
87
87
87 structure
structure
structure
structure [
[
[
[
5strQktFE
5strQktFE
5strQktFE
5strQktFE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
结构




构造
v

v
v
v
建
筑




组织
15
15
15
15 structural
structural
structural
structural [
[
[
[
5strQktFErEl
5strQktFErEl
5strQktFErEl
5strQktFErEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
结构




建筑

The LongTerm Stability of Ecosystems Plant communities assemble themselves
flexibly and their particular structure depends
o
n
t
he specific history of the area

87
87
87
87 rapid
rapid
rapid
rapid [
[
[
[
5rApid
5rApid
5rApid
5rApid
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
迅速




急促
n
n
n
n
急流

A
v
ery dehydrated person
o
n
t
he other hand cannot drink enough water to rehydrate
at one session because the human stomach is not sufficiently big and because a too
rapid dilution of the body fluids causes death from water intoxication

86
86
86
86 ocean
ocean
ocean
ocean [
[
[
[
5EuFEn
5EuFEn
5EuFEn
5EuFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
海洋
8
8
8
8 oceanic
oceanic
oceanic
oceanic [
[
[
[
7EuFi5Anik
7EuFi5Anik
7EuFi5Anik
7EuFi5Anik
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
海洋
3
3
3
3 oceanographers
oceanographers
oceanographers
oceanographers
（
oceanographer[
oceanographer[
oceanographer[
oceanographer[
9EJFIE`nC^rEfE(r)
9EJFIE`nC^rEfE(r)
9EJFIE`nC^rEfE(r)
9EJFIE`nC^rEfE(r)
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
海洋学者

It has been suggested that Pakicetus fed
o
n
f
ish
i
n
s
hallow water and was not yet
adapted for life
i
n
t
he open ocean

86
86
86
86 ancient
ancient
ancient
ancient [
[
[
[
5einFEnt
5einFEnt
5einFEnt
5einFEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
远古




年老

T
o
e
xplain how ancient builders reduced the amount of time necessary to construct
buildings from stone

86
86
86
86 contained
contained
contained
contained
（
contain[
contain[
contain[
contain[
kEn5tein
kEn5tein
kEn5tein
kEn5tein
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
包
含
12
12
12
12 containers
containers
containers
containers
（
container[
container[
container[
container[
kEn5teinE
kEn5teinE
kEn5teinE
kEn5teinE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
容器




集装箱

The situation is most critical
i
n
T
exas where the climate is driest the greatest amount
of water is being pumped and the aquifer contains the least water

84
84
84
84 glaciers
glaciers
glaciers
glaciers
（
glacier[
glacier[
glacier[
glacier[
5^lAsjE
5^lAsjE
5^lAsjE
5^lAsjE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
冰河
30
30
30
30 glacial
glacial
glacial
glacial [
[
[
[
5^leisjEl
5^leisjEl
5^leisjEl
5^leisjEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
冰




冰河
6
6
6
6 glaciation
glaciation
glaciation
glaciation n
n
n
n
冰蚀
3
3
3
3 interglacial
interglacial
interglacial
interglacial n
n
n
n
两冰河世纪间温暖时间段

Sediments that hold water were spread by glaciers and are still spread by rivers and
streams

82
82
82
82 theater
theater
theater
theater [
[
[
[
5WIEtE(r)
5WIEtE(r)
5WIEtE(r)
5WIEtE(r)
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
剧场




电影院

They produced and prerecorded the material that was shown
i
n
t
he theaters

81
81
81
81 conditions
conditions
conditions
conditions
（
condition[
condition[
condition[
condition[
kEn5diFEn
kEn5diFEn
kEn5diFEn
kEn5diFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
情况




环境

In some regions the increase
i
n
de
sert areas is occurring largely as the result of a trend
toward drier climatic conditions

81
81
81
81 behavior
behavior
behavior
behavior [
[
[
[
bi5heivjE
bi5heivjE
bi5heivjE
bi5heivjE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
行




举止
6
6
6
6 behavioral
behavioral
behavioral
behavioral [
[
[
[
bI5heIvjEr(E)l
bI5heIvjEr(E)l
bI5heIvjEr(E)l
bI5heIvjEr(E)l
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
行

When one animal attacks another
i
t
e
ngages
i
n
t
he most obvious example of
aggressive behavior

80
80
80
80 variety
variety
variety
variety [
[
[
[
vE5raiEti
vE5raiEti
vE5raiEti
vE5raiEti
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
变化




样性
68
68
68
68 various
various
various
various [
[
[
[
5vZEriEs
5vZEriEs
5vZEriEs
5vZEriEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
种
50
50
50
50 vary
vary
vary
vary [
[
[
[
5vZEri
5vZEri
5vZEri
5vZEri
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
改
变




变更




变化
4
4
4
4 variables
variables
variables
variables
（
variable[
variable[
variable[
variable[
5vZEriEbl
5vZEriEbl
5vZEriEbl
5vZEriEbl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
变数




变物
4
4
4
4 invariably
invariably
invariably
invariably [
[
[
[
In5veErIEb(E)lI
In5veErIEb(E)lI
In5veErIEb(E)lI
In5veErIEb(E)lI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
变




定

Facial expressions and emotional states interact with each other through a variety of
feedback mechanisms
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
7
7
7
7
80
80
80
80 n
est
nest
nest
nest [
[
[
[
nest
nest
nest
nest
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
巢
v

v
v
v
造
巢

Such nests also act as humidity regulators by allowing rain to drain into the bottom
sections of the nest so that the eggs are not
i
n
di
rect contact with the water

80
80
80
80 characteristics
characteristics
characteristics
characteristics
（
characteristic[
characteristic[
characteristic[
characteristic[
7kAriktE5ristik
7kAriktE5ristik
7kAriktE5ristik
7kAriktE5ristik
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
特性




特色
adj
adj
adj
adj
特
30
30
30
30 characterized
characterized
characterized
characterized
（
characterize[
characterize[
characterize[
characterize[
5kArIktEraIz
5kArIktEraIz
5kArIktEraIz
5kArIktEraIz
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
赋
予特色

The most striking characteristic of the plants of the alpine zone is their low growth
form

79
79
79
79 government
government
government
government [
[
[
[
5^QvEnmEnt
5^QvEnmEnt
5^QvEnmEnt
5^QvEnmEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
政府
4
4
4
4 governing
governing
governing
governing
（
govern[
govern[
govern[
govern[
5^QvEn
5^QvEn
5^QvEn
5^QvEn
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
统
治




决定

In contrast to the Democrats the Whigs favored government aid for education

79
79
79
79 energy
energy
energy
energy [
[
[
[
5enEdVi
5enEdVi
5enEdVi
5enEdVi
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
精力




精神
5
5
5
5 energetic
energetic
energetic
energetic [
[
[
[
7enE5dVetik
7enE5dVetik
7enE5dVetik
7enE5dVetik
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
精力充沛

Growth reproduction and daily metabolism
a
ll
r
equire
a
n
or
ganism to expend
energy

78
78
78
78 involve
involve
involve
involve [
[
[
[
in5vClv
in5vClv
in5vClv
in5vClv
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
包
括
5
5
5
5 involvement
involvement
involvement
involvement [
[
[
[
in5vClvmEnt
in5vClvmEnt
in5vClvmEnt
in5vClvmEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
包含

Spillage from huge oilcarrying cargo ships called tankers involved
i
n
c
ollisions or
accidental groundings (such as the one off Alaska
i
n
1989) c
an create
o
il
s
licks at sea

78
78
78
78 essential
essential
essential
essential [
[
[
[
i5senFEl
i5senFEl
i5senFEl
i5senFEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
重




质
14
14
14
14 essentially
essentially
essentially
essentially [
[
[
[
I5senFElI
I5senFElI
I5senFElI
I5senFElI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
实质






Another opinion is that the paintings were directly related to hunting and were
a
n
e
ssential part of
a
s
pecial preparation ceremony

77
77
77
77 movement
movement
movement
movement [
[
[
[
5muvmEnt
5muvmEnt
5muvmEnt
5muvmEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
运动




运转

A
uni
ted highly successful labor movement took shape

77
77
77
77 evidence
evidence
evidence
evidence [
[
[
[
5evidEns
5evidEns
5evidEns
5evidEns
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
证
明
n
n
n
n
证




迹象

Supporting evidence comes from research showing that aggressive people often disto
r
t
ot
her people＇s motives

77
77
77
77 european
european
european
european [
[
[
[
7juErE5pi()En
7juErE5pi()En
7juErE5pi()En
7juErE5pi()En
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
欧洲
n
n
n
n
欧洲

Those queried ranged from European college students to members of the Fore
a
t
ribe
that dwells
i
n
t
he New Guinea highlands

76
76
76
76 national
national
national
national [
[
[
[
5nAFEnEl
5nAFEnEl
5nAFEnEl
5nAFEnEl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
国民
adj
adj
adj
adj
国家

Some
o
il
l
ies under regions where drilling is forbidden such as national parks or other
public lands

76
76
76
76 location
location
location
location [
[
[
[
lEu5keiFEn
lEu5keiFEn
lEu5keiFEn
lEu5keiFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
位置
43
43
43
43 located
located
located
located
（
locate[
locate[
locate[
locate[
lEu5keit
lEu5keit
lEu5keit
lEu5keit
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
找
出




位

Limiting drilling to accessible locations

76
76
76
76 aggressive
aggressive
aggressive
aggressive [
[
[
[
E5^resiv
E5^resiv
E5^resiv
E5^resiv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
侵犯




进取精神
40
40
40
40 aggression
aggression
aggression
aggression [
[
[
[
E5^reFEn
E5^reFEn
E5^reFEn
E5^reFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
进攻




侵略
4
4
4
4 aggressiveness
aggressiveness
aggressiveness
aggressiveness n
n
n
n
侵犯




进取

When they are caused to frown they rate cartoons as being more aggressive

75
75
75
75 upper
upper
upper
upper [
[
[
[
5QpE
5QpE
5QpE
5QpE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
面




级

Ekman
’
s
obs
ervation may be relevant to the British expression keep
a
s
tiff upper lip
as
a
r
ecommendation for handling stress

75
75
75
75 atmosphere
atmosphere
atmosphere
atmosphere [
[
[
[
5AtmEsfiE
5AtmEsfiE
5AtmEsfiE
5AtmEsfiE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
气




气氛
13
13
13
13 atmospheric
atmospheric
atmospheric
atmospheric [
[
[
[
7AtmEs5ferik
7AtmEs5ferik
7AtmEs5ferik
7AtmEs5ferik
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
气

The explosion lifted about 100 trillion tons of dust into the atmosphere as can be
determined by measuring the thickness of the sediment layer formed when this dust
settled to the surface
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
7
7
7
7
80
80
80
80 n
est
nest
nest
nest [
[
[
[
nest
nest
nest
nest
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
巢
v

v
v
v
造
巢

Such nests also act as humidity regulators by allowing rain to drain into the bottom
sections of the nest so that the eggs are not
i
n
di
rect contact with the water

80
80
80
80 characteristics
characteristics
characteristics
characteristics
（
characteristic[
characteristic[
characteristic[
characteristic[
7kAriktE5ristik
7kAriktE5ristik
7kAriktE5ristik
7kAriktE5ristik
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
特性




特色
adj
adj
adj
adj
特
30
30
30
30 characterized
characterized
characterized
characterized
（
characterize[
characterize[
characterize[
characterize[
5kArIktEraIz
5kArIktEraIz
5kArIktEraIz
5kArIktEraIz
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
赋
予特色

The most striking characteristic of the plants of the alpine zone is their low growth
form

79
79
79
79 government
government
government
government [
[
[
[
5^QvEnmEnt
5^QvEnmEnt
5^QvEnmEnt
5^QvEnmEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
政府
4
4
4
4 governing
governing
governing
governing
（
govern[
govern[
govern[
govern[
5^QvEn
5^QvEn
5^QvEn
5^QvEn
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
统
治




决定

In contrast to the Democrats the Whigs favored government aid for education

79
79
79
79 energy
energy
energy
energy [
[
[
[
5enEdVi
5enEdVi
5enEdVi
5enEdVi
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
精力




精神
5
5
5
5 energetic
energetic
energetic
energetic [
[
[
[
7enE5dVetik
7enE5dVetik
7enE5dVetik
7enE5dVetik
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
精力充沛

Growth reproduction and daily metabolism
a
ll
r
equire
a
n
or
ganism to expend
energy

78
78
78
78 involve
involve
involve
involve [
[
[
[
in5vClv
in5vClv
in5vClv
in5vClv
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
包
括
5
5
5
5 involvement
involvement
involvement
involvement [
[
[
[
in5vClvmEnt
in5vClvmEnt
in5vClvmEnt
in5vClvmEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
包含

Spillage from huge oilcarrying cargo ships called tankers involved
i
n
c
ollisions or
accidental groundings (such as the one off Alaska
i
n
1989) c
an create
o
il
s
licks at sea

78
78
78
78 essential
essential
essential
essential [
[
[
[
i5senFEl
i5senFEl
i5senFEl
i5senFEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
重




质
14
14
14
14 essentially
essentially
essentially
essentially [
[
[
[
I5senFElI
I5senFElI
I5senFElI
I5senFElI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
实质






Another opinion is that the paintings were directly related to hunting and were
a
n
e
ssential part of
a
s
pecial preparation ceremony

77
77
77
77 movement
movement
movement
movement [
[
[
[
5muvmEnt
5muvmEnt
5muvmEnt
5muvmEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
运动




运转

A
uni
ted highly successful labor movement took shape

77
77
77
77 evidence
evidence
evidence
evidence [
[
[
[
5evidEns
5evidEns
5evidEns
5evidEns
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
证
明
n
n
n
n
证




迹象

Supporting evidence comes from research showing that aggressive people often disto
r
t
ot
her people＇s motives

77
77
77
77 european
european
european
european [
[
[
[
7juErE5pi()En
7juErE5pi()En
7juErE5pi()En
7juErE5pi()En
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
欧洲
n
n
n
n
欧洲

Those queried ranged from European college students to members of the Fore
a
t
ribe
that dwells
i
n
t
he New Guinea highlands

76
76
76
76 national
national
national
national [
[
[
[
5nAFEnEl
5nAFEnEl
5nAFEnEl
5nAFEnEl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
国民
adj
adj
adj
adj
国家

Some
o
il
l
ies under regions where drilling is forbidden such as national parks or other
public lands

76
76
76
76 location
location
location
location [
[
[
[
lEu5keiFEn
lEu5keiFEn
lEu5keiFEn
lEu5keiFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
位置
43
43
43
43 located
located
located
located
（
locate[
locate[
locate[
locate[
lEu5keit
lEu5keit
lEu5keit
lEu5keit
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
找
出




位

Limiting drilling to accessible locations

76
76
76
76 aggressive
aggressive
aggressive
aggressive [
[
[
[
E5^resiv
E5^resiv
E5^resiv
E5^resiv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
侵犯




进取精神
40
40
40
40 aggression
aggression
aggression
aggression [
[
[
[
E5^reFEn
E5^reFEn
E5^reFEn
E5^reFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
进攻




侵略
4
4
4
4 aggressiveness
aggressiveness
aggressiveness
aggressiveness n
n
n
n
侵犯




进取

When they are caused to frown they rate cartoons as being more aggressive

75
75
75
75 upper
upper
upper
upper [
[
[
[
5QpE
5QpE
5QpE
5QpE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
面




级

Ekman
’
s
obs
ervation may be relevant to the British expression keep
a
s
tiff upper lip
as
a
r
ecommendation for handling stress

75
75
75
75 atmosphere
atmosphere
atmosphere
atmosphere [
[
[
[
5AtmEsfiE
5AtmEsfiE
5AtmEsfiE
5AtmEsfiE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
气




气氛
13
13
13
13 atmospheric
atmospheric
atmospheric
atmospheric [
[
[
[
7AtmEs5ferik
7AtmEs5ferik
7AtmEs5ferik
7AtmEs5ferik
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
气

The explosion lifted about 100 trillion tons of dust into the atmosphere as can be
determined by measuring the thickness of the sediment layer formed when this dust
settled to the surface
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
8
8
8
8
74
74
74
74 i
ron
iron
iron
iron [
[
[
[
5aiEn
5aiEn
5aiEn
5aiEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
铁




熨斗
adj
adj
adj
adj
铁

Scientific analysis reveals that the colors were derived from ocher and other iron
oxides ground into
a
f
ine powder

74
74
74
74 facial
facial
facial
facial [
[
[
[
5feiFEl
5feiFEl
5feiFEl
5feiFEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
脸




脸部

A
pe
rson＇s facial expression may reflect the person＇s emotional state

72
72
72
72 clay
clay
clay
clay [
[
[
[
klei
klei
klei
klei
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
粘土

The impact of raindrops
o
n
t
he loose soil tends to transfer fine clay particles into the
tiniest soil spaces sealing them and producing
a
s
urface that allows very little water
penetration

71
71
71
71 urban
urban
urban
urban [
[
[
[
5EbEn
5EbEn
5EbEn
5EbEn
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
市
4
4
4
4 urbanization
urbanization
urbanization
urbanization n
n
n
n
市化

Whig and Democratic areas of influence were naturally split between urban and rural
areas respectively

71
71
71
71 painting
painting
painting
painting
（
paint[
paint[
paint[
paint[
peint
peint
peint
peint
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
画




绘画
29
29
29
29 painters
painters
painters
painters
（
painter[
painter[
painter[
painter[
5peintE
5peintE
5peintE
5peintE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
漆工
29
29
29
29 painted
painted
painted
painted
（
paint[
paint[
paint[
paint[
peint
peint
peint
peint
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
油
漆




画
3
3
3
3 overpainting
overpainting
overpainting
overpainting n
n
n
n (
(
(
(
油画
)
)
)
)
复盖色复绘

In Southwest France
i
n
t
he 1940
’
s
playing children discovered Lascaux Grotto
a
s
eries of narrow cave chambers that contain huge prehistoric paintings of animals

71
71
71
71 economic
economic
economic
economic [
[
[
[
7ikE5nCmik
7ikE5nCmik
7ikE5nCmik
7ikE5nCmik
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
济




合算
62
62
62
62 economy
economy
economy
economy [
[
[
[
i()5kCnEmi
i()5kCnEmi
i()5kCnEmi
i()5kCnEmi
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
济
11
11
11
11 economically
economically
economically
economically [
[
[
[
ikE5nRmIkElI
ikE5nRmIkElI
ikE5nRmIkElI
ikE5nRmIkElI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
节俭
6
6
6
6 economical
economical
economical
economical [
[
[
[
7ikE5nCmikEl
7ikE5nCmikEl
7ikE5nCmikEl
7ikE5nCmikEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
节俭

T
o
i
ndicate that not
a
ll
e
conomic activity
i
n
t
he High Plains is dependent
o
n
i
rrigation

70
70
70
70 popular
popular
popular
popular [
[
[
[
5pCpjulE
5pCpjulE
5pCpjulE
5pCpjulE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
受欢迎




流行

Although origin
i
n
r
itual has long been the most popular
i
t
i
s by no means the only
theory about how the theater came into being

68
68
68
68 technology
technology
technology
technology [
[
[
[
tek5nClEdVi
tek5nClEdVi
tek5nClEdVi
tek5nClEdVi
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
技术




工艺
24
24
24
24 technological
technological
technological
technological [
[
[
[
7teknE5lCdVikEl
7teknE5lCdVikEl
7teknE5lCdVikEl
7teknE5lCdVikEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
技术




工艺

The development of projection technology made
i
t
pos
sible to project images
o
n
a
l
arge screen

68
68
68
68 layer
layer
layer
layer [
[
[
[
5leiE
5leiE
5leiE
5leiE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
层




层
v

v
v
v
分
层堆积

The Earth＇s crust is thought to be divided into huge movable segments called plates
which float
o
n
a
s
oft plastic layer of rock

68
68
68
68 insects
insects
insects
insects
（
insect[
insect[
insect[
insect[
5insekt
5insekt
5insekt
5insekt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
昆虫

Small size makes
i
t
e
asy to scramble among twigs and branches
i
n
t
he canopy for
insects flowers or fruit but small mammals are surpassed
i
n
t
he competition for food
by large ones that have their own tactics for browsing among foodrich twigs

68
68
68
68 ability
ability
ability
ability [
[
[
[
E5biliti
E5biliti
E5biliti
E5biliti
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
力






Ekman argued that the ability to accurately recognize the emotional content of facial
expressions was valuable for human beings

67
67
67
67 generally
generally
generally
generally [
[
[
[
5dVenErEli
5dVenErEli
5dVenErEli
5dVenErEli
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
通常




普遍




逐渐




般说

Above the tree line there is
a
z
one that is generally called alpine tundra

67
67
67
67 applied
applied
applied
applied
（
apply[
apply[
apply[
apply[
E5plai
E5plai
E5plai
E5plai
]
]
]
]
）
vi
vi
vi
vi
适
vt
vt
vt
vt

12
12
12
12 application
application
application
application [
[
[
[
7Apli5keiFEn
7Apli5keiFEn
7Apli5keiFEn
7Apli5keiFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
申请
(
(
(
(
表




书
)
)
)
)

T
o
de
monstrate that
a
n
unde
rstanding of stability
i
n
e
cosystems can be applied to help
understand stability
i
n
ot
her situations

66
66
66
66 transportation
transportation
transportation
transportation [
[
[
[
7trAnspC5teiFEn
7trAnspC5teiFEn
7trAnspC5teiFEn
7trAnspC5teiFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
运输老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
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英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
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：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
8
8
8
8
74
74
74
74 i
ron
iron
iron
iron [
[
[
[
5aiEn
5aiEn
5aiEn
5aiEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
铁




熨斗
adj
adj
adj
adj
铁

Scientific analysis reveals that the colors were derived from ocher and other iron
oxides ground into
a
f
ine powder

74
74
74
74 facial
facial
facial
facial [
[
[
[
5feiFEl
5feiFEl
5feiFEl
5feiFEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
脸




脸部

A
pe
rson＇s facial expression may reflect the person＇s emotional state

72
72
72
72 clay
clay
clay
clay [
[
[
[
klei
klei
klei
klei
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
粘土

The impact of raindrops
o
n
t
he loose soil tends to transfer fine clay particles into the
tiniest soil spaces sealing them and producing
a
s
urface that allows very little water
penetration

71
71
71
71 urban
urban
urban
urban [
[
[
[
5EbEn
5EbEn
5EbEn
5EbEn
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
市
4
4
4
4 urbanization
urbanization
urbanization
urbanization n
n
n
n
市化

Whig and Democratic areas of influence were naturally split between urban and rural
areas respectively

71
71
71
71 painting
painting
painting
painting
（
paint[
paint[
paint[
paint[
peint
peint
peint
peint
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
画




绘画
29
29
29
29 painters
painters
painters
painters
（
painter[
painter[
painter[
painter[
5peintE
5peintE
5peintE
5peintE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
漆工
29
29
29
29 painted
painted
painted
painted
（
paint[
paint[
paint[
paint[
peint
peint
peint
peint
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
油
漆




画
3
3
3
3 overpainting
overpainting
overpainting
overpainting n
n
n
n (
(
(
(
油画
)
)
)
)
复盖色复绘

In Southwest France
i
n
t
he 1940
’
s
playing children discovered Lascaux Grotto
a
s
eries of narrow cave chambers that contain huge prehistoric paintings of animals

71
71
71
71 economic
economic
economic
economic [
[
[
[
7ikE5nCmik
7ikE5nCmik
7ikE5nCmik
7ikE5nCmik
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
济




合算
62
62
62
62 economy
economy
economy
economy [
[
[
[
i()5kCnEmi
i()5kCnEmi
i()5kCnEmi
i()5kCnEmi
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
济
11
11
11
11 economically
economically
economically
economically [
[
[
[
ikE5nRmIkElI
ikE5nRmIkElI
ikE5nRmIkElI
ikE5nRmIkElI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
节俭
6
6
6
6 economical
economical
economical
economical [
[
[
[
7ikE5nCmikEl
7ikE5nCmikEl
7ikE5nCmikEl
7ikE5nCmikEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
节俭

T
o
i
ndicate that not
a
ll
e
conomic activity
i
n
t
he High Plains is dependent
o
n
i
rrigation

70
70
70
70 popular
popular
popular
popular [
[
[
[
5pCpjulE
5pCpjulE
5pCpjulE
5pCpjulE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
受欢迎




流行

Although origin
i
n
r
itual has long been the most popular
i
t
i
s by no means the only
theory about how the theater came into being

68
68
68
68 technology
technology
technology
technology [
[
[
[
tek5nClEdVi
tek5nClEdVi
tek5nClEdVi
tek5nClEdVi
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
技术




工艺
24
24
24
24 technological
technological
technological
technological [
[
[
[
7teknE5lCdVikEl
7teknE5lCdVikEl
7teknE5lCdVikEl
7teknE5lCdVikEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
技术




工艺

The development of projection technology made
i
t
pos
sible to project images
o
n
a
l
arge screen

68
68
68
68 layer
layer
layer
layer [
[
[
[
5leiE
5leiE
5leiE
5leiE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
层




层
v

v
v
v
分
层堆积

The Earth＇s crust is thought to be divided into huge movable segments called plates
which float
o
n
a
s
oft plastic layer of rock

68
68
68
68 insects
insects
insects
insects
（
insect[
insect[
insect[
insect[
5insekt
5insekt
5insekt
5insekt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
昆虫

Small size makes
i
t
e
asy to scramble among twigs and branches
i
n
t
he canopy for
insects flowers or fruit but small mammals are surpassed
i
n
t
he competition for food
by large ones that have their own tactics for browsing among foodrich twigs

68
68
68
68 ability
ability
ability
ability [
[
[
[
E5biliti
E5biliti
E5biliti
E5biliti
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
力






Ekman argued that the ability to accurately recognize the emotional content of facial
expressions was valuable for human beings

67
67
67
67 generally
generally
generally
generally [
[
[
[
5dVenErEli
5dVenErEli
5dVenErEli
5dVenErEli
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
通常




普遍




逐渐




般说

Above the tree line there is
a
z
one that is generally called alpine tundra

67
67
67
67 applied
applied
applied
applied
（
apply[
apply[
apply[
apply[
E5plai
E5plai
E5plai
E5plai
]
]
]
]
）
vi
vi
vi
vi
适
vt
vt
vt
vt

12
12
12
12 application
application
application
application [
[
[
[
7Apli5keiFEn
7Apli5keiFEn
7Apli5keiFEn
7Apli5keiFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
申请
(
(
(
(
表




书
)
)
)
)

T
o
de
monstrate that
a
n
unde
rstanding of stability
i
n
e
cosystems can be applied to help
understand stability
i
n
ot
her situations

66
66
66
66 transportation
transportation
transportation
transportation [
[
[
[
7trAnspC5teiFEn
7trAnspC5teiFEn
7trAnspC5teiFEn
7trAnspC5teiFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
运输老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
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wwwibtsatcom
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英语前线
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师
Blog
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Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
9
9
9
9
35
35
35
35 t
ransport
transport
transport
transport [
[
[
[
trAns5pCt
trAns5pCt
trAns5pCt
trAns5pCt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
传
送




运输

Transportation networks began to decline

66
66
66
66 methods
methods
methods
methods
（
method[
method[
method[
method[
5meWEd
5meWEd
5meWEd
5meWEd
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
方法秩序

The new methods of doing business involved
a
ne
w and stricter sense of time

66
66
66
66 manufacturing
manufacturing
manufacturing
manufacturing
（
manufacture[
manufacture[
manufacture[
manufacture[
7mAnju5fAktFE
7mAnju5fAktFE
7mAnju5fAktFE
7mAnju5fAktFE
]
]
]
]
）
vt
vt
vt
vt n(
n(
n(
n(
量
)
)
)
)
制造
3
3
3
3 manufacturers
manufacturers
manufacturers
manufacturers
（
manufacturer[
manufacturer[
manufacturer[
manufacturer[
7mAnju5fAktFErE
7mAnju5fAktFErE
7mAnju5fAktFErE
7mAnju5fAktFErE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
制造商

After 1815 this older form of manufacturing began to give way to factories with
machinery tended by unskilled or semiskilled laborers

66
66
66
66 contributed
contributed
contributed
contributed
（
contribute[
contribute[
contribute[
contribute[
kEn5tribjut
kEn5tribjut
kEn5tribjut
kEn5tribjut
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

助
12
12
12
12 contributions
contributions
contributions
contributions
（
contribution[
contribution[
contribution[
contribution[
7kCntri5bjuFEn
7kCntri5bjuFEn
7kCntri5bjuFEn
7kCntri5bjuFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
贡献

Even living things contribute to the formation of landscapes

63
63
63
63 quality
quality
quality
quality [
[
[
[
5kwCliti
5kwCliti
5kwCliti
5kwCliti
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
品质




特质

They were produced with more concern for quality than for speed of production

63
63
63
63 marine
marine
marine
marine [
[
[
[
mE5rin
mE5rin
mE5rin
mE5rin
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
海




航海




海产
6
6
6
6 submarine
submarine
submarine
submarine [
[
[
[
5sQbmErin
5sQbmErin
5sQbmErin
5sQbmErin
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
海底生物

Microscopic organisms settle to the seafloor and accumulate
i
n
m
arine mud

63
63
63
63 mammals
mammals
mammals
mammals
（
mammal[
mammal[
mammal[
mammal[
5mAmEl
5mAmEl
5mAmEl
5mAmEl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
哺乳动物

The canopy the upper level of the trees
i
n
t
he rain forest holds
a
pl
ethora of climbing
mammals of moderately large size which may include monkeys cats civets and
porcupines

61
61
61
61 established
established
established
established
（
establish[
establish[
establish[
establish[
is5tAbliF
is5tAbliF
is5tAbliF
is5tAbliF
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
建
立




制定
10
10
10
10 establishment
establishment
establishment
establishment [
[
[
[
is5tAbliFmEnt
is5tAbliFmEnt
is5tAbliFmEnt
is5tAbliFmEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
确立




设施

Once
a
n
oa
k tree becomes established
i
t
i
s likely to survive minor cycles of drought
and even fire

60
60
60
60 extinction
extinction
extinction
extinction [
[
[
[
iks5tiNkFEn
iks5tiNkFEn
iks5tiNkFEn
iks5tiNkFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
消失
35
35
35
35 extinct
extinct
extinct
extinct [
[
[
[
iks5tiNkt
iks5tiNkt
iks5tiNkt
iks5tiNkt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
灭绝

This break
i
n
E
arth＇s history is marked by
a
m
ass extinction when as many as half the
species
o
n
t
he planet became extinct

60
60
60
60 complex
complex
complex
complex [
[
[
[
5kCmpleks
5kCmpleks
5kCmpleks
5kCmpleks
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
复杂




合成
n
n
n
n
复合物




综合体
9
9
9
9 complexity
complexity
complexity
complexity [
[
[
[
kEm5pleksiti
kEm5pleksiti
kEm5pleksiti
kEm5pleksiti
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
复杂




复杂性

Besides cave paintings Upper Paleolithic people produced several other kinds of
artwork one of which has been thought to provide evidence of complex thought


60
60
60
60 c
limate
climate
climate
climate [
[
[
[
5klaimit
5klaimit
5klaimit
5klaimit
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
气候
17
17
17
17 climatic
climatic
climatic
climatic [
[
[
[
klai5mAtik
klai5mAtik
klai5mAtik
klai5mAtik
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
气候

A
f
undamental difference between Whigs and Democrats involved the importance of
the market
i
n
s
ociety

59
59
59
59 relatively
relatively
relatively
relatively [
[
[
[
5relEtIvlI
5relEtIvlI
5relEtIvlI
5relEtIvlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
相




较言
14
14
14
14 relative
relative
relative
relative [
[
[
[
5relEtiv
5relEtiv
5relEtiv
5relEtiv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
相关系

T
o
s
uggest that wind turbines result
i
n
r
elatively few bird deaths

59
59
59
59 Jupiter
Jupiter
Jupiter
Jupiter [
[
[
[
5dVupitE
5dVupitE
5dVupitE
5dVupitE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
木星

The world anxiously watched as every few hours
a
hur
tling chunk of comet plunged
into the atmosphere of Jupiter

58
58
58
58 native
native
native
native [
[
[
[
5neitiv
5neitiv
5neitiv
5neitiv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
国生俱

Many tribal hunters including some Native Americans camouflaged themselves by
wearing animal heads and hides

58
58
58
58 erosion
erosion
erosion
erosion [
[
[
[
i5rEuVEn
i5rEuVEn
i5rEuVEn
i5rEuVEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
蚀




侵蚀
32
32
32
32 erode
erode
erode
erode [
[
[
[
i5rEud
i5rEud
i5rEud
i5rEud
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
腐
蚀侵蚀

Dandelions are called opportunists because they contribute to the natural processes of老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
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留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
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wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
9
9
9
9
35
35
35
35 t
ransport
transport
transport
transport [
[
[
[
trAns5pCt
trAns5pCt
trAns5pCt
trAns5pCt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
传
送




运输

Transportation networks began to decline

66
66
66
66 methods
methods
methods
methods
（
method[
method[
method[
method[
5meWEd
5meWEd
5meWEd
5meWEd
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
方法秩序

The new methods of doing business involved
a
ne
w and stricter sense of time

66
66
66
66 manufacturing
manufacturing
manufacturing
manufacturing
（
manufacture[
manufacture[
manufacture[
manufacture[
7mAnju5fAktFE
7mAnju5fAktFE
7mAnju5fAktFE
7mAnju5fAktFE
]
]
]
]
）
vt
vt
vt
vt n(
n(
n(
n(
量
)
)
)
)
制造
3
3
3
3 manufacturers
manufacturers
manufacturers
manufacturers
（
manufacturer[
manufacturer[
manufacturer[
manufacturer[
7mAnju5fAktFErE
7mAnju5fAktFErE
7mAnju5fAktFErE
7mAnju5fAktFErE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
制造商

After 1815 this older form of manufacturing began to give way to factories with
machinery tended by unskilled or semiskilled laborers

66
66
66
66 contributed
contributed
contributed
contributed
（
contribute[
contribute[
contribute[
contribute[
kEn5tribjut
kEn5tribjut
kEn5tribjut
kEn5tribjut
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

助
12
12
12
12 contributions
contributions
contributions
contributions
（
contribution[
contribution[
contribution[
contribution[
7kCntri5bjuFEn
7kCntri5bjuFEn
7kCntri5bjuFEn
7kCntri5bjuFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
贡献

Even living things contribute to the formation of landscapes

63
63
63
63 quality
quality
quality
quality [
[
[
[
5kwCliti
5kwCliti
5kwCliti
5kwCliti
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
品质




特质

They were produced with more concern for quality than for speed of production

63
63
63
63 marine
marine
marine
marine [
[
[
[
mE5rin
mE5rin
mE5rin
mE5rin
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
海




航海




海产
6
6
6
6 submarine
submarine
submarine
submarine [
[
[
[
5sQbmErin
5sQbmErin
5sQbmErin
5sQbmErin
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
海底生物

Microscopic organisms settle to the seafloor and accumulate
i
n
m
arine mud

63
63
63
63 mammals
mammals
mammals
mammals
（
mammal[
mammal[
mammal[
mammal[
5mAmEl
5mAmEl
5mAmEl
5mAmEl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
哺乳动物

The canopy the upper level of the trees
i
n
t
he rain forest holds
a
pl
ethora of climbing
mammals of moderately large size which may include monkeys cats civets and
porcupines

61
61
61
61 established
established
established
established
（
establish[
establish[
establish[
establish[
is5tAbliF
is5tAbliF
is5tAbliF
is5tAbliF
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
建
立




制定
10
10
10
10 establishment
establishment
establishment
establishment [
[
[
[
is5tAbliFmEnt
is5tAbliFmEnt
is5tAbliFmEnt
is5tAbliFmEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
确立




设施

Once
a
n
oa
k tree becomes established
i
t
i
s likely to survive minor cycles of drought
and even fire

60
60
60
60 extinction
extinction
extinction
extinction [
[
[
[
iks5tiNkFEn
iks5tiNkFEn
iks5tiNkFEn
iks5tiNkFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
消失
35
35
35
35 extinct
extinct
extinct
extinct [
[
[
[
iks5tiNkt
iks5tiNkt
iks5tiNkt
iks5tiNkt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
灭绝

This break
i
n
E
arth＇s history is marked by
a
m
ass extinction when as many as half the
species
o
n
t
he planet became extinct

60
60
60
60 complex
complex
complex
complex [
[
[
[
5kCmpleks
5kCmpleks
5kCmpleks
5kCmpleks
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
复杂




合成
n
n
n
n
复合物




综合体
9
9
9
9 complexity
complexity
complexity
complexity [
[
[
[
kEm5pleksiti
kEm5pleksiti
kEm5pleksiti
kEm5pleksiti
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
复杂




复杂性

Besides cave paintings Upper Paleolithic people produced several other kinds of
artwork one of which has been thought to provide evidence of complex thought


60
60
60
60 c
limate
climate
climate
climate [
[
[
[
5klaimit
5klaimit
5klaimit
5klaimit
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
气候
17
17
17
17 climatic
climatic
climatic
climatic [
[
[
[
klai5mAtik
klai5mAtik
klai5mAtik
klai5mAtik
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
气候

A
f
undamental difference between Whigs and Democrats involved the importance of
the market
i
n
s
ociety

59
59
59
59 relatively
relatively
relatively
relatively [
[
[
[
5relEtIvlI
5relEtIvlI
5relEtIvlI
5relEtIvlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
相




较言
14
14
14
14 relative
relative
relative
relative [
[
[
[
5relEtiv
5relEtiv
5relEtiv
5relEtiv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
相关系

T
o
s
uggest that wind turbines result
i
n
r
elatively few bird deaths

59
59
59
59 Jupiter
Jupiter
Jupiter
Jupiter [
[
[
[
5dVupitE
5dVupitE
5dVupitE
5dVupitE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
木星

The world anxiously watched as every few hours
a
hur
tling chunk of comet plunged
into the atmosphere of Jupiter

58
58
58
58 native
native
native
native [
[
[
[
5neitiv
5neitiv
5neitiv
5neitiv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
国生俱

Many tribal hunters including some Native Americans camouflaged themselves by
wearing animal heads and hides

58
58
58
58 erosion
erosion
erosion
erosion [
[
[
[
i5rEuVEn
i5rEuVEn
i5rEuVEn
i5rEuVEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
蚀




侵蚀
32
32
32
32 erode
erode
erode
erode [
[
[
[
i5rEud
i5rEud
i5rEud
i5rEud
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
腐
蚀侵蚀

Dandelions are called opportunists because they contribute to the natural processes of老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
10
10
10
10
e
rosion and the creation of gaps
i
n
t
he forest canopy

58
58
58
58 contrast
contrast
contrast
contrast [
[
[
[
5kCntrAst
5kCntrAst
5kCntrAst
5kCntrAst
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n





差异









相反
v

v
v
v








T
o
c
ontrast them to desert mammals

58
58
58
58 construction
construction
construction
construction [
[
[
[
kEn5strQkFEn
kEn5strQkFEn
kEn5strQkFEn
kEn5strQkFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
建造建造物
21
21
21
21 constructed
constructed
constructed
constructed
（
construct[
construct[
construct[
construct[
kEn5strQkt
kEn5strQkt
kEn5strQkt
kEn5strQkt
]
]
]
]
）
vt
vt
vt
vt
建造
8
8
8
8 reconstruct
reconstruct
reconstruct
reconstruct [
[
[
[
5rikEn5strQkt
5rikEn5strQkt
5rikEn5strQkt
5rikEn5strQkt
]
]
]
] vt
vt
vt
vt
重建
6
6
6
6 reconstruction
reconstruction
reconstruction
reconstruction [
[
[
[
5rikEn5strQkFEn
5rikEn5strQkFEn
5rikEn5strQkFEn
5rikEn5strQkFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
重建
4
4
4
4 constructive
constructive
constructive
constructive [
[
[
[
kEn5strQktiv
kEn5strQktiv
kEn5strQktiv
kEn5strQktiv
]
]
]
] a
a
a
a
建设性

It is the work of architects to create buildings that are not simply constructions but also
offer inspiration and delight

58
58
58
58 architecture
architecture
architecture
architecture [
[
[
[
5BkitektFE
5BkitektFE
5BkitektFE
5BkitektFE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
建筑学
31
31
31
31 architectural
architectural
architectural
architectural [
[
[
[
7Bki5tektFErEl
7Bki5tektFErEl
7Bki5tektFErEl
7Bki5tektFErEl
]
]
]
] a
a
a
a
建筑学
17
17
17
17 architects
architects
architects
architects
（
architect[
architect[
architect[
architect[
5Bkitekt
5Bkitekt
5Bkitekt
5Bkitekt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
建筑师

T
o
be a
rchitecture
a
bui
lding must achieve
a
w
orking harmony with
a
v
ariety of
elements

57
57
57
57 supply
supply
supply
supply [
[
[
[
sE5plaI
sE5plaI
sE5plaI
sE5plaI
]
]
]
] vt
vt
vt
vt
供

T
o
he
lp society members better understand the forces controlling their food supply

57
57
57
57 colonial
colonial
colonial
colonial [
[
[
[
kE5lEJnjEl
kE5lEJnjEl
kE5lEJnjEl
kE5lEJnjEl
]
]
]
] a
a
a
a
殖民
39
39
39
39 colonies
colonies
colonies
colonies
（
colony[
colony[
colony[
colony[
5kDlEnI
5kDlEnI
5kDlEnI
5kDlEnI
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
殖民
3
3
3
3 colonized
colonized
colonized
colonized
（
colonize[
colonize[
colonize[
colonize[
5kDlEnaIz
5kDlEnaIz
5kDlEnaIz
5kDlEnaIz
]
]
]
]
）
vt
vt
vt
vt
建立殖民
3
3
3
3 colonization
colonization
colonization
colonization [
[
[
[
7kDlEnaI5zeIFEn
7kDlEnaI5zeIFEn
7kDlEnaI5zeIFEn
7kDlEnaI5zeIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
殖民殖民化

During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries almost nothing was written about the
contributions of women during the colonial period and the early history of the newly
formed United States

56
56
56
56 valley
valley
valley
valley [
[
[
[
5vAlI
5vAlI
5vAlI
5vAlI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
山谷

In the tropics the valleys appear to be more favorable because they are less prone to
dry out they have less frost and they have deeper soils

56
56
56
56 meteorites
meteorites
meteorites
meteorites
（
meteorite[
meteorite[
meteorite[
meteorite[
5mitjEraIt
5mitjEraIt
5mitjEraIt
5mitjEraIt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
陨石

Twice
i
n
t
he twentieth century large meteorite objects are known to have collided wit
h
E
arth

56
56
56
56 factors
factors
factors
factors
（
factor[
factor[
factor[
factor[
5fAktE
5fAktE
5fAktE
5fAktE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
素

Various environmental factors may play
a
r
ole

56
56
56
56 desert
desert
desert
desert [
[
[
[
dI5z＼t
dI5z＼t
dI5z＼t
dI5z＼t
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
沙漠
25
25
25
25 desertification
desertification
desertification
desertification n
n
n
n
沙漠化

Many factors have contributed to the great increase
i
n
de
sertification
i
n
r
ecent
decades

56
56
56
56 appear
appear
appear
appear [
[
[
[
E5pIE
E5pIE
E5pIE
E5pIE
]
]
]
] vi
vi
vi
vi
出现
32
32
32
32 appearance
appearance
appearance
appearance [
[
[
[
E5pIErEns
E5pIErEns
E5pIErEns
E5pIErEns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
出现
17
17
17
17 disappear
disappear
disappear
disappear [
[
[
[
7dIsE5pIE
7dIsE5pIE
7dIsE5pIE
7dIsE5pIE
]
]
]
] vi
vi
vi
vi
消失

Numerous biological structures and chemicals appear to be involved
i
n
a
ggression

56
56
56
56 amount
amount
amount
amount [
[
[
[
E5maJnt
E5maJnt
E5maJnt
E5maJnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
数
(
(
(
(
量
)
)
)
) vi(to)
vi(to)
vi(to)
vi(to)
合计

There are adaptations that increase the amount of forward thrust as well as those that
reduce drag

55
55
55
55 summary
summary
summary
summary [
[
[
[
5sQmErI
5sQmErI
5sQmErI
5sQmErI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
总结
adj
adj
adj
adj
摘
3
3
3
3 summarize
summarize
summarize
summarize [
[
[
[
5sQmEraIz
5sQmEraIz
5sQmEraIz
5sQmEraIz
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
作
总结




作概括

Calculating
a
num
erical summary of each solution

55
55
55
55 stored
stored
stored
stored
（
store[
store[
store[
store[
stC
stC
stC
stC
]
]
]
]
）
vt
vt
vt
vt
贮藏
n
n
n
n
商店
7
7
7
7 storefront
storefront
storefront
storefront n
n
n
n
店面

Personal correspondence newspaper clippings and souvenirs were saved and stored
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
10
10
10
10
e
rosion and the creation of gaps
i
n
t
he forest canopy

58
58
58
58 contrast
contrast
contrast
contrast [
[
[
[
5kCntrAst
5kCntrAst
5kCntrAst
5kCntrAst
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n





差异









相反
v

v
v
v








T
o
c
ontrast them to desert mammals

58
58
58
58 construction
construction
construction
construction [
[
[
[
kEn5strQkFEn
kEn5strQkFEn
kEn5strQkFEn
kEn5strQkFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
建造建造物
21
21
21
21 constructed
constructed
constructed
constructed
（
construct[
construct[
construct[
construct[
kEn5strQkt
kEn5strQkt
kEn5strQkt
kEn5strQkt
]
]
]
]
）
vt
vt
vt
vt
建造
8
8
8
8 reconstruct
reconstruct
reconstruct
reconstruct [
[
[
[
5rikEn5strQkt
5rikEn5strQkt
5rikEn5strQkt
5rikEn5strQkt
]
]
]
] vt
vt
vt
vt
重建
6
6
6
6 reconstruction
reconstruction
reconstruction
reconstruction [
[
[
[
5rikEn5strQkFEn
5rikEn5strQkFEn
5rikEn5strQkFEn
5rikEn5strQkFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
重建
4
4
4
4 constructive
constructive
constructive
constructive [
[
[
[
kEn5strQktiv
kEn5strQktiv
kEn5strQktiv
kEn5strQktiv
]
]
]
] a
a
a
a
建设性

It is the work of architects to create buildings that are not simply constructions but also
offer inspiration and delight

58
58
58
58 architecture
architecture
architecture
architecture [
[
[
[
5BkitektFE
5BkitektFE
5BkitektFE
5BkitektFE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
建筑学
31
31
31
31 architectural
architectural
architectural
architectural [
[
[
[
7Bki5tektFErEl
7Bki5tektFErEl
7Bki5tektFErEl
7Bki5tektFErEl
]
]
]
] a
a
a
a
建筑学
17
17
17
17 architects
architects
architects
architects
（
architect[
architect[
architect[
architect[
5Bkitekt
5Bkitekt
5Bkitekt
5Bkitekt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
建筑师

T
o
be a
rchitecture
a
bui
lding must achieve
a
w
orking harmony with
a
v
ariety of
elements

57
57
57
57 supply
supply
supply
supply [
[
[
[
sE5plaI
sE5plaI
sE5plaI
sE5plaI
]
]
]
] vt
vt
vt
vt
供

T
o
he
lp society members better understand the forces controlling their food supply

57
57
57
57 colonial
colonial
colonial
colonial [
[
[
[
kE5lEJnjEl
kE5lEJnjEl
kE5lEJnjEl
kE5lEJnjEl
]
]
]
] a
a
a
a
殖民
39
39
39
39 colonies
colonies
colonies
colonies
（
colony[
colony[
colony[
colony[
5kDlEnI
5kDlEnI
5kDlEnI
5kDlEnI
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
殖民
3
3
3
3 colonized
colonized
colonized
colonized
（
colonize[
colonize[
colonize[
colonize[
5kDlEnaIz
5kDlEnaIz
5kDlEnaIz
5kDlEnaIz
]
]
]
]
）
vt
vt
vt
vt
建立殖民
3
3
3
3 colonization
colonization
colonization
colonization [
[
[
[
7kDlEnaI5zeIFEn
7kDlEnaI5zeIFEn
7kDlEnaI5zeIFEn
7kDlEnaI5zeIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
殖民殖民化

During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries almost nothing was written about the
contributions of women during the colonial period and the early history of the newly
formed United States

56
56
56
56 valley
valley
valley
valley [
[
[
[
5vAlI
5vAlI
5vAlI
5vAlI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
山谷

In the tropics the valleys appear to be more favorable because they are less prone to
dry out they have less frost and they have deeper soils

56
56
56
56 meteorites
meteorites
meteorites
meteorites
（
meteorite[
meteorite[
meteorite[
meteorite[
5mitjEraIt
5mitjEraIt
5mitjEraIt
5mitjEraIt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
陨石

Twice
i
n
t
he twentieth century large meteorite objects are known to have collided wit
h
E
arth

56
56
56
56 factors
factors
factors
factors
（
factor[
factor[
factor[
factor[
5fAktE
5fAktE
5fAktE
5fAktE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
素

Various environmental factors may play
a
r
ole

56
56
56
56 desert
desert
desert
desert [
[
[
[
dI5z＼t
dI5z＼t
dI5z＼t
dI5z＼t
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
沙漠
25
25
25
25 desertification
desertification
desertification
desertification n
n
n
n
沙漠化

Many factors have contributed to the great increase
i
n
de
sertification
i
n
r
ecent
decades

56
56
56
56 appear
appear
appear
appear [
[
[
[
E5pIE
E5pIE
E5pIE
E5pIE
]
]
]
] vi
vi
vi
vi
出现
32
32
32
32 appearance
appearance
appearance
appearance [
[
[
[
E5pIErEns
E5pIErEns
E5pIErEns
E5pIErEns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
出现
17
17
17
17 disappear
disappear
disappear
disappear [
[
[
[
7dIsE5pIE
7dIsE5pIE
7dIsE5pIE
7dIsE5pIE
]
]
]
] vi
vi
vi
vi
消失

Numerous biological structures and chemicals appear to be involved
i
n
a
ggression

56
56
56
56 amount
amount
amount
amount [
[
[
[
E5maJnt
E5maJnt
E5maJnt
E5maJnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
数
(
(
(
(
量
)
)
)
) vi(to)
vi(to)
vi(to)
vi(to)
合计

There are adaptations that increase the amount of forward thrust as well as those that
reduce drag

55
55
55
55 summary
summary
summary
summary [
[
[
[
5sQmErI
5sQmErI
5sQmErI
5sQmErI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
总结
adj
adj
adj
adj
摘
3
3
3
3 summarize
summarize
summarize
summarize [
[
[
[
5sQmEraIz
5sQmEraIz
5sQmEraIz
5sQmEraIz
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
作
总结




作概括

Calculating
a
num
erical summary of each solution

55
55
55
55 stored
stored
stored
stored
（
store[
store[
store[
store[
stC
stC
stC
stC
]
]
]
]
）
vt
vt
vt
vt
贮藏
n
n
n
n
商店
7
7
7
7 storefront
storefront
storefront
storefront n
n
n
n
店面

Personal correspondence newspaper clippings and souvenirs were saved and stored
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
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wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
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留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
1
1
11
11
11
55
55
55
55 p
olitical
political
political
political [
[
[
[
pE5lItIkEl
pE5lItIkEl
pE5lItIkEl
pE5lItIkEl
]
]
]
] a
a
a
a
政治
16
16
16
16 politicians
politicians
politicians
politicians
（
politician[
politician[
politician[
politician[
pDlI5tIFEn
pDlI5tIFEn
pDlI5tIFEn
pDlI5tIFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
政治家

The Democratic and Whig Parties developed
i
n
r
esponse to the needs of competing
economic and political constituencies

55
55
55
55 plates
plates
plates
plates
（
plate[
plate[
plate[
plate[
pleIt
pleIt
pleIt
pleIt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
盘子板
3
3
3
3 plateau
plateau
plateau
plateau [
[
[
[
5plAtEJ
5plAtEJ
5plAtEJ
5plAtEJ
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
高原

By contrast
i
n
t
he United States
a
n
e
stimated 97 million birds are killed each year
when they collide with buildings made of plate glass 57 million are killed
o
n
hi
ghways
each year at least 38 million die annually from pollution and poisoning and millions
of birds are electrocuted each year by transmission and distribution lines carrying power
produced by nuclear and coal power plants

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
55
55
55
55 goods
goods
goods
goods [
[
[
[
^Jdz
^Jdz
^Jdz
^Jdz
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
货物商品

This new form of manufacturing depended
o
n
t
he movement of goods to distant
locations and
a
c
entralized source of laborers

55
55
55
55 exposed
exposed
exposed
exposed
（
expose[
expose[
expose[
expose[
Iks5pEJz
Iks5pEJz
Iks5pEJz
Iks5pEJz
]
]
]
]
）
vt
vt
vt
vt
暴露
10
10
10
10 exposition
exposition
exposition
exposition [
[
[
[
7ekspE5zIFEn
7ekspE5zIFEn
7ekspE5zIFEn
7ekspE5zIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
讲解展览会
3
3
3
3 exposure
exposure
exposure
exposure [
[
[
[
Iks5pEJVE
Iks5pEJVE
Iks5pEJVE
Iks5pEJVE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
暴露

The exposed rocks are attacked by the various weather processes and gradually broke
n
dow
n into fragments which are then carried away and later deposited as sediments

55
55
55
55 elements
elements
elements
elements
（
element[
element[
element[
element[
5elImEnt
5elImEnt
5elImEnt
5elImEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
元素组成成分

It works
i
n
c
ompression to divert the weight above
i
t
out t
o the sides where the weight
is borne by the vertical elements
o
n
e
ither side of the arch

55
55
55
55 complete
complete
complete
complete [
[
[
[
kEm5plit
kEm5plit
kEm5plit
kEm5plit
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v

齐全完成
adj
adj
adj
adj
完整
32
32
32
32 completely
completely
completely
completely [
[
[
[
kEm5plitlI
kEm5plitlI
kEm5plitlI
kEm5plitlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
完整




彻底
8
8
8
8 incomplete
incomplete
incomplete
incomplete [
[
[
[
7InkEm5plit
7InkEm5plit
7InkEm5plit
7InkEm5plit
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
完全
4
4
4
4 complement
complement
complement
complement [
[
[
[
5kDmplImEnt
5kDmplImEnt
5kDmplImEnt
5kDmplImEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
补足物

Many incomplete skeletons were found but they included for the first time
i
n an
a
rchaeocyte
a
c
omplete hind leg that features
a
f
oot with three tiny toes

55
55
55
55 based
based
based
based
（
base[
base[
base[
base[
beIs
beIs
beIs
beIs
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
基
vt(on)
vt(on)
vt(on)
vt(on)
建
…
…
…
…
基础

Unlike building materials the methods of support used
i
n
a
rchitecture have not
changed over time because they are based
o
n
ph
ysical laws

55
55
55
55 advantage
advantage
advantage
advantage [
[
[
[
Ed5vBntIdV
Ed5vBntIdV
Ed5vBntIdV
Ed5vBntIdV
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
优势处
9
9
9
9 disadvantage
disadvantage
disadvantage
disadvantage [
[
[
[
7dIsEd5vBntIdV
7dIsEd5vBntIdV
7dIsEd5vBntIdV
7dIsEd5vBntIdV
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
利
(
(
(
(
条件
)
)
)
)
4
4
4
4 advantageous
advantageous
advantageous
advantageous [
[
[
[
7AdvEn5teIdVEs
7AdvEn5teIdVEs
7AdvEn5teIdVEs
7AdvEn5teIdVEs
]
]
]
] a
a
a
a
利

Wind power has
a
s
ignificant cost advantage over nuclear power and has become
competitive with coalfired power plants
i
n
m
any places

54
54
54
54 rarely
rarely
rarely
rarely [
[
[
[
5reElI
5reElI
5reElI
5reElI
]
]
]
] ad
ad
ad
ad
少

They contain remote areas where the winds rarely die down

54
54
54
54 rate
rate
rate
rate [
[
[
[
reIt
reIt
reIt
reIt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
率率
vt
vt
vt
vt
评估
vi
vi
vi
vi
评价

Given the aquifer
’
s
l
ow recharge rate its use for irrigation is causing water tables to
drop and will eventually lead to its depletion

54
54
54
54 protected
protected
protected
protected
（
protect[
protect[
protect[
protect[
prE5tekt
prE5tekt
prE5tekt
prE5tekt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
保
护
16
16
16
16 protection
protection
protection
protection [
[
[
[
prE5tekFEn
prE5tekFEn
prE5tekFEn
prE5tekFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
保护




保卫

Excessive numbers of cattle and the need for firewood for fuel have reduced grasses
and trees leaving the land unprotected and vulnerable

老师
Blog
：
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54
54
54
54 pheromones
pheromones
pheromones
pheromones
（
pheromone
pheromone
pheromone
pheromone
）
n
n
n
n
外激素

The information contained
i
n
phe
romones

54
54
54
54 features
features
features
features
（
feature[
feature[
feature[
feature[
5fitFE
5fitFE
5fitFE
5fitFE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
特征




特色

It is
a
nons
elective part of parental care and the defining feature of
a
m
ammal the老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
1
1
11
11
11
55
55
55
55 p
olitical
political
political
political [
[
[
[
pE5lItIkEl
pE5lItIkEl
pE5lItIkEl
pE5lItIkEl
]
]
]
] a
a
a
a
政治
16
16
16
16 politicians
politicians
politicians
politicians
（
politician[
politician[
politician[
politician[
pDlI5tIFEn
pDlI5tIFEn
pDlI5tIFEn
pDlI5tIFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
政治家

The Democratic and Whig Parties developed
i
n
r
esponse to the needs of competing
economic and political constituencies

55
55
55
55 plates
plates
plates
plates
（
plate[
plate[
plate[
plate[
pleIt
pleIt
pleIt
pleIt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
盘子板
3
3
3
3 plateau
plateau
plateau
plateau [
[
[
[
5plAtEJ
5plAtEJ
5plAtEJ
5plAtEJ
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
高原

By contrast
i
n
t
he United States
a
n
e
stimated 97 million birds are killed each year
when they collide with buildings made of plate glass 57 million are killed
o
n
hi
ghways
each year at least 38 million die annually from pollution and poisoning and millions
of birds are electrocuted each year by transmission and distribution lines carrying power
produced by nuclear and coal power plants

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
55
55
55
55 goods
goods
goods
goods [
[
[
[
^Jdz
^Jdz
^Jdz
^Jdz
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
货物商品

This new form of manufacturing depended
o
n
t
he movement of goods to distant
locations and
a
c
entralized source of laborers

55
55
55
55 exposed
exposed
exposed
exposed
（
expose[
expose[
expose[
expose[
Iks5pEJz
Iks5pEJz
Iks5pEJz
Iks5pEJz
]
]
]
]
）
vt
vt
vt
vt
暴露
10
10
10
10 exposition
exposition
exposition
exposition [
[
[
[
7ekspE5zIFEn
7ekspE5zIFEn
7ekspE5zIFEn
7ekspE5zIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
讲解展览会
3
3
3
3 exposure
exposure
exposure
exposure [
[
[
[
Iks5pEJVE
Iks5pEJVE
Iks5pEJVE
Iks5pEJVE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
暴露

The exposed rocks are attacked by the various weather processes and gradually broke
n
dow
n into fragments which are then carried away and later deposited as sediments

55
55
55
55 elements
elements
elements
elements
（
element[
element[
element[
element[
5elImEnt
5elImEnt
5elImEnt
5elImEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
元素组成成分

It works
i
n
c
ompression to divert the weight above
i
t
out t
o the sides where the weight
is borne by the vertical elements
o
n
e
ither side of the arch

55
55
55
55 complete
complete
complete
complete [
[
[
[
kEm5plit
kEm5plit
kEm5plit
kEm5plit
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v

齐全完成
adj
adj
adj
adj
完整
32
32
32
32 completely
completely
completely
completely [
[
[
[
kEm5plitlI
kEm5plitlI
kEm5plitlI
kEm5plitlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
完整




彻底
8
8
8
8 incomplete
incomplete
incomplete
incomplete [
[
[
[
7InkEm5plit
7InkEm5plit
7InkEm5plit
7InkEm5plit
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
完全
4
4
4
4 complement
complement
complement
complement [
[
[
[
5kDmplImEnt
5kDmplImEnt
5kDmplImEnt
5kDmplImEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
补足物

Many incomplete skeletons were found but they included for the first time
i
n an
a
rchaeocyte
a
c
omplete hind leg that features
a
f
oot with three tiny toes

55
55
55
55 based
based
based
based
（
base[
base[
base[
base[
beIs
beIs
beIs
beIs
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
基
vt(on)
vt(on)
vt(on)
vt(on)
建
…
…
…
…
基础

Unlike building materials the methods of support used
i
n
a
rchitecture have not
changed over time because they are based
o
n
ph
ysical laws

55
55
55
55 advantage
advantage
advantage
advantage [
[
[
[
Ed5vBntIdV
Ed5vBntIdV
Ed5vBntIdV
Ed5vBntIdV
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
优势处
9
9
9
9 disadvantage
disadvantage
disadvantage
disadvantage [
[
[
[
7dIsEd5vBntIdV
7dIsEd5vBntIdV
7dIsEd5vBntIdV
7dIsEd5vBntIdV
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
利
(
(
(
(
条件
)
)
)
)
4
4
4
4 advantageous
advantageous
advantageous
advantageous [
[
[
[
7AdvEn5teIdVEs
7AdvEn5teIdVEs
7AdvEn5teIdVEs
7AdvEn5teIdVEs
]
]
]
] a
a
a
a
利

Wind power has
a
s
ignificant cost advantage over nuclear power and has become
competitive with coalfired power plants
i
n
m
any places

54
54
54
54 rarely
rarely
rarely
rarely [
[
[
[
5reElI
5reElI
5reElI
5reElI
]
]
]
] ad
ad
ad
ad
少

They contain remote areas where the winds rarely die down

54
54
54
54 rate
rate
rate
rate [
[
[
[
reIt
reIt
reIt
reIt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
率率
vt
vt
vt
vt
评估
vi
vi
vi
vi
评价

Given the aquifer
’
s
l
ow recharge rate its use for irrigation is causing water tables to
drop and will eventually lead to its depletion

54
54
54
54 protected
protected
protected
protected
（
protect[
protect[
protect[
protect[
prE5tekt
prE5tekt
prE5tekt
prE5tekt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
保
护
16
16
16
16 protection
protection
protection
protection [
[
[
[
prE5tekFEn
prE5tekFEn
prE5tekFEn
prE5tekFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
保护




保卫

Excessive numbers of cattle and the need for firewood for fuel have reduced grasses
and trees leaving the land unprotected and vulnerable

老师
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54
54
54
54 pheromones
pheromones
pheromones
pheromones
（
pheromone
pheromone
pheromone
pheromone
）
n
n
n
n
外激素

The information contained
i
n
phe
romones

54
54
54
54 features
features
features
features
（
feature[
feature[
feature[
feature[
5fitFE
5fitFE
5fitFE
5fitFE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
特征




特色

It is
a
nons
elective part of parental care and the defining feature of
a
m
ammal the老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
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留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
12
12
12
12
m
ost important thing that mammals whether marsupials platypuses spiny anteaters
or placental mammals have
i
n
c
ommon

54
54
54
54 expressions
expressions
expressions
expressions
（
expression[
expression[
expression[
expression[
Iks5preFEn
Iks5preFEn
Iks5preFEn
Iks5preFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
表达




措辞
52
52
52
52 expressed
expressed
expressed
expressed
（
express[
express[
express[
express[
Iks5pres
Iks5pres
Iks5pres
Iks5pres
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
快递
v

v
v
v
表
达




表示
8
8
8
8 expressive
expressive
expressive
expressive [
[
[
[
Iks5presIv
Iks5presIv
Iks5presIv
Iks5presIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
表达

the differences between the written and oral modes of expression are not without
consequences for
a
n
unde
rstanding of Native American literature

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
54
54
54
54 defined
defined
defined
defined
（
define[
define[
define[
define[
dI5faIn
dI5faIn
dI5faIn
dI5faIn
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

（词语等）定义阐明（某事）
17
17
17
17 definition
definition
definition
definition [
[
[
[
7defI5nIFEn
7defI5nIFEn
7defI5nIFEn
7defI5nIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
定义

The theater then is one tool whereby people define and understand their world or
escape from unpleasant realities

53
53
53
53 local
local
local
local [
[
[
[
5lEJkEl
5lEJkEl
5lEJkEl
5lEJkEl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
居民





adj
adj
adj
adj





方
7
7
7
7 localized
localized
localized
localized
（
localize[
localize[
localize[
localize[
5lEJkElaIz
5lEJkElaIz
5lEJkElaIz
5lEJkElaIz
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

局部化




具方色彩
4
4
4
4 locally
locally
locally
locally [
[
[
[
5lEJkElI
5lEJkElI
5lEJkElI
5lEJkElI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv





方

National regional and local women
’
s
or
ganizations compiled accounts of their
doings

53
53
53
53 mark
mark
mark
mark [
[
[
[
mBk
mBk
mBk
mBk
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
做
记号




标明
n
n
n
n
痕迹




污点




记号
4
4
4
4 markedly
markedly
markedly
markedly
[
[
[
[
mBktlI
mBktlI
mBktlI
mBktlI
]
]
]
]
adv
adv
adv
adv
显著




明显

The end of the nineteenth century and the early years of the twentieth century were
marked by the development of
a
n
i
nternational Art Nouveau style characterized by
sinuous Lines floral and vegetable motifs and soft evanescent coloration

53
53
53
53 ecosystems
ecosystems
ecosystems
ecosystems
（
ecosystem[
ecosystem[
ecosystem[
ecosystem[
ikE5sIstEm
ikE5sIstEm
ikE5sIstEm
ikE5sIstEm
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
生态系统

Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been
a
gr
owing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity the number of species
i
n
a
pa
rticular ecosystem to the health of the Earth and human wellbeing

53
53
53
53 crafts
crafts
crafts
crafts
（
craft[
craft[
craft[
craft[
krBft
krBft
krBft
krBft
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
技艺




手艺
10
10
10
10 craftspeople
craftspeople
craftspeople
craftspeople n
n
n
n
艺术家
6
6
6
6 handcrafted
handcrafted
handcrafted
handcrafted adj
adj
adj
adj
手工制作
3
3
3
3 craftsmanship
craftsmanship
craftsmanship
craftsmanship [
[
[
[
5
5
5
5
krɑ
ftsm
ftsm
ftsm
ftsmə
ə
ə
ə
n
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
技




技术

The earliest American folk art portraits come not surprisingly form New England
especially Connecticut and Massachusettsfor this was
a
w
ealthy and populous region
and the center of
a
s
trong craft tradition

52
52
52
52 experience
experience
experience
experience [
[
[
[
Iks5pIErIEns
Iks5pIErIEns
Iks5pIErIEns
Iks5pIErIEns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
验




历
v

v
v
v

历




感受

Even the most mundane beads may have traveled great distances and been exposed to
many human experiences

51
51
51
51 reflect
reflect
reflect
reflect [
[
[
[
rI5flekt
rI5flekt
rI5flekt
rI5flekt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
反
射




反映
7
7
7
7 reflection
reflection
reflection
reflection [
[
[
[
rI5flekFEn
rI5flekFEn
rI5flekFEn
rI5flekFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
反射




倒影

Their products primarily silver plates and bowls reflected their exalted status and
testified to their customers＇ prominence

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
51
51
51
51 origins
origins
origins
origins
（
origin[
origin[
origin[
origin[
5DrIdVIn
5DrIdVIn
5DrIdVIn
5DrIdVIn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
起源




起
40
40
40
40 original
original
original
original [
[
[
[
E5rIdVEnEl
E5rIdVEnEl
E5rIdVEnEl
E5rIdVEnEl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
原物




原作
adj
adj
adj
adj
初




独创

They are of more recent origin than the Laetoli prints

51
51
51
51 literature
literature
literature
literature [
[
[
[
5lItErItFE
5lItErItFE
5lItErItFE
5lItErItFE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
文学




著作

Archaeological literature is rich
i
n
de
scriptions of pot making

51
51
51
51 instruments
instruments
instruments
instruments
（
instrument[
instrument[
instrument[
instrument[
5InstrJmEnt
5InstrJmEnt
5InstrJmEnt
5InstrJmEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
乐器




器具
7
7
7
7 instrumental
instrumental
instrumental
instrumental [
[
[
[
7InstrJ5mentl
7InstrJ5mentl
7InstrJ5mentl
7InstrJ5mentl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
仪器

For
a
c
entury and
a
ha
lf the piano has been one of the most popular solo instruments
for Western music

51
51
51
51 identified
identified
identified
identified
（
identify[
identify[
identify[
identify[
aI5dentIfaI
aI5dentIfaI
aI5dentIfaI
aI5dentIfaI
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
确
认识
4
4
4
4 identifiable
identifiable
identifiable
identifiable [
[
[
[
aI5dentIfaIEbl
aI5dentIfaIEbl
aI5dentIfaIEbl
aI5dentIfaIEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
认明识老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
12
12
12
12
m
ost important thing that mammals whether marsupials platypuses spiny anteaters
or placental mammals have
i
n
c
ommon

54
54
54
54 expressions
expressions
expressions
expressions
（
expression[
expression[
expression[
expression[
Iks5preFEn
Iks5preFEn
Iks5preFEn
Iks5preFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
表达




措辞
52
52
52
52 expressed
expressed
expressed
expressed
（
express[
express[
express[
express[
Iks5pres
Iks5pres
Iks5pres
Iks5pres
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
快递
v

v
v
v
表
达




表示
8
8
8
8 expressive
expressive
expressive
expressive [
[
[
[
Iks5presIv
Iks5presIv
Iks5presIv
Iks5presIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
表达

the differences between the written and oral modes of expression are not without
consequences for
a
n
unde
rstanding of Native American literature

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
54
54
54
54 defined
defined
defined
defined
（
define[
define[
define[
define[
dI5faIn
dI5faIn
dI5faIn
dI5faIn
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

（词语等）定义阐明（某事）
17
17
17
17 definition
definition
definition
definition [
[
[
[
7defI5nIFEn
7defI5nIFEn
7defI5nIFEn
7defI5nIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
定义

The theater then is one tool whereby people define and understand their world or
escape from unpleasant realities

53
53
53
53 local
local
local
local [
[
[
[
5lEJkEl
5lEJkEl
5lEJkEl
5lEJkEl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
居民





adj
adj
adj
adj





方
7
7
7
7 localized
localized
localized
localized
（
localize[
localize[
localize[
localize[
5lEJkElaIz
5lEJkElaIz
5lEJkElaIz
5lEJkElaIz
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

局部化




具方色彩
4
4
4
4 locally
locally
locally
locally [
[
[
[
5lEJkElI
5lEJkElI
5lEJkElI
5lEJkElI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv





方

National regional and local women
’
s
or
ganizations compiled accounts of their
doings

53
53
53
53 mark
mark
mark
mark [
[
[
[
mBk
mBk
mBk
mBk
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
做
记号




标明
n
n
n
n
痕迹




污点




记号
4
4
4
4 markedly
markedly
markedly
markedly
[
[
[
[
mBktlI
mBktlI
mBktlI
mBktlI
]
]
]
]
adv
adv
adv
adv
显著




明显

The end of the nineteenth century and the early years of the twentieth century were
marked by the development of
a
n
i
nternational Art Nouveau style characterized by
sinuous Lines floral and vegetable motifs and soft evanescent coloration

53
53
53
53 ecosystems
ecosystems
ecosystems
ecosystems
（
ecosystem[
ecosystem[
ecosystem[
ecosystem[
ikE5sIstEm
ikE5sIstEm
ikE5sIstEm
ikE5sIstEm
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
生态系统

Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been
a
gr
owing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity the number of species
i
n
a
pa
rticular ecosystem to the health of the Earth and human wellbeing

53
53
53
53 crafts
crafts
crafts
crafts
（
craft[
craft[
craft[
craft[
krBft
krBft
krBft
krBft
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
技艺




手艺
10
10
10
10 craftspeople
craftspeople
craftspeople
craftspeople n
n
n
n
艺术家
6
6
6
6 handcrafted
handcrafted
handcrafted
handcrafted adj
adj
adj
adj
手工制作
3
3
3
3 craftsmanship
craftsmanship
craftsmanship
craftsmanship [
[
[
[
5
5
5
5
krɑ
ftsm
ftsm
ftsm
ftsmə
ə
ə
ə
n
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
技




技术

The earliest American folk art portraits come not surprisingly form New England
especially Connecticut and Massachusettsfor this was
a
w
ealthy and populous region
and the center of
a
s
trong craft tradition

52
52
52
52 experience
experience
experience
experience [
[
[
[
Iks5pIErIEns
Iks5pIErIEns
Iks5pIErIEns
Iks5pIErIEns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
验




历
v

v
v
v

历




感受

Even the most mundane beads may have traveled great distances and been exposed to
many human experiences

51
51
51
51 reflect
reflect
reflect
reflect [
[
[
[
rI5flekt
rI5flekt
rI5flekt
rI5flekt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
反
射




反映
7
7
7
7 reflection
reflection
reflection
reflection [
[
[
[
rI5flekFEn
rI5flekFEn
rI5flekFEn
rI5flekFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
反射




倒影

Their products primarily silver plates and bowls reflected their exalted status and
testified to their customers＇ prominence

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
51
51
51
51 origins
origins
origins
origins
（
origin[
origin[
origin[
origin[
5DrIdVIn
5DrIdVIn
5DrIdVIn
5DrIdVIn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
起源




起
40
40
40
40 original
original
original
original [
[
[
[
E5rIdVEnEl
E5rIdVEnEl
E5rIdVEnEl
E5rIdVEnEl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
原物




原作
adj
adj
adj
adj
初




独创

They are of more recent origin than the Laetoli prints

51
51
51
51 literature
literature
literature
literature [
[
[
[
5lItErItFE
5lItErItFE
5lItErItFE
5lItErItFE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
文学




著作

Archaeological literature is rich
i
n
de
scriptions of pot making

51
51
51
51 instruments
instruments
instruments
instruments
（
instrument[
instrument[
instrument[
instrument[
5InstrJmEnt
5InstrJmEnt
5InstrJmEnt
5InstrJmEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
乐器




器具
7
7
7
7 instrumental
instrumental
instrumental
instrumental [
[
[
[
7InstrJ5mentl
7InstrJ5mentl
7InstrJ5mentl
7InstrJ5mentl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
仪器

For
a
c
entury and
a
ha
lf the piano has been one of the most popular solo instruments
for Western music

51
51
51
51 identified
identified
identified
identified
（
identify[
identify[
identify[
identify[
aI5dentIfaI
aI5dentIfaI
aI5dentIfaI
aI5dentIfaI
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
确
认识
4
4
4
4 identifiable
identifiable
identifiable
identifiable [
[
[
[
aI5dentIfaIEbl
aI5dentIfaIEbl
aI5dentIfaIEbl
aI5dentIfaIEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
认明识老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
13
13
13
13

T
o
i
dentify
a
hi
storically significant mountain range
i
n
t
he West

50
50
50
50 substances
substances
substances
substances
（
substance[
substance[
substance[
substance[
5sQbstEns
5sQbstEns
5sQbstEns
5sQbstEns
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
物质




旨

Certain fungi and even some kinds of bacteria secrete substances known as antibiotic
s
i
nto their external environment

50
50
50
50 role
role
role
role [
[
[
[
rEJl
rEJl
rEJl
rEJl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
角色




作




务
play
play
play
play a
a
a
a XX
XX
XX
XX role
role
role
role
起
XX
XX
XX
XX
样作

But times are changing
a
ne
w generation of foresters seems better prepared to Include
i
n
t
heir management plans consideration of the vital ecological role alders play

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
55
55
55
55 range
range
range
range [
[
[
[
reIndV
reIndV
reIndV
reIndV
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
山脉




范围




行列
v

v
v
v
排
列




列




7
7
7
7 ranged
ranged
ranged
ranged
6
6
6
6 ranging
ranging
ranging
ranging

Those queried ranged from European college students to members of the Fore
a
t
ribe
that dwells
i
n
t
he New Guinea highlands

50
50
50
50 quantities
quantities
quantities
quantities
（
quantity[
quantity[
quantity[
quantity[
5kwDntItI
5kwDntItI
5kwDntItI
5kwDntItI
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
量




总数

Glaciers may form
i
n
pe
rmanently cold areas and these slowly moving masses of ice
cut out valleys carrying with them huge quantities of eroded rock debris

50
50
50
50 primarily
primarily
primarily
primarily [
[
[
[
5praImErIlI
5praImErIlI
5praImErIlI
5praImErIlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
首先




首




起初
25
25
25
25 primary
primary
primary
primary [
[
[
[
5praImErI
5praImErI
5praImErI
5praImErI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
首选
adj
adj
adj
adj





根

In seeking to describe the origins of theater one must rely primarily
o
n
s
peculation
since there is little concrete evidence
o
n
w
hich to draw

50
50
50
50 considered
considered
considered
considered
（
consider[
consider[
consider[
consider[
kEn5sIdE
kEn5sIdE
kEn5sIdE
kEn5sIdE
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
考
虑




认
23
23
23
23 considerable
considerable
considerable
considerable [
[
[
[
kEn5sIdErEbl
kEn5sIdErEbl
kEn5sIdErEbl
kEn5sIdErEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
观相
4
4
4
4 considerably
considerably
considerably
considerably [
[
[
[
kEn5sIdErEbElI
kEn5sIdErEbElI
kEn5sIdErEbElI
kEn5sIdErEbElI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
相

For example some early societies ceased to consider certain rites essential to their
wellbeing and abandoned them nevertheless they retained as parts of their oral
tradition the myths that had grown up around the rites and admired them for their
artistic qualities rather than for their religious usefulness

50
50
50
50 aspect
aspect
aspect
aspect [
[
[
[
5Aspekt
5Aspekt
5Aspekt
5Aspekt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
方外观

W
e
ne
ed to know what aspects of
a
c
ommunity are most important to the community
’
s
r
esistance to destruction as well as its recovery

50
50
50
50 approach
approach
approach
approach [
[
[
[
E5prEJtF
E5prEJtF
E5prEJtF
E5prEJtF
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
方法




接
v
v
v
v








接

Approaching crafts from the point of view of function we can divide them into simple
categories containers shelters and supports

49
49
49
49 pacific
pacific
pacific
pacific [
[
[
[
pE5sIfIk
pE5sIfIk
pE5sIfIk
pE5sIfIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
解




温
Pacific
Pacific
Pacific
Pacific n
n
n
n
太洋
adj
adj
adj
adj
太洋

The Native American peoples of the north Pacific Coast created
a
hi
ghly complex
maritime culture as they invented modes of production unique to their special
environment

49
49
49
49 grasses
grasses
grasses
grasses
（
grass[
grass[
grass[
grass[
^rBs
^rBs
^rBs
^rBs
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
草




草原
v

v
v
v

吃草




放牧
4
4
4
4 grasshoppers
grasshoppers
grasshoppers
grasshoppers
（
grasshopper[
grasshopper[
grasshopper[
grasshopper[
5^DBshDpE(D)
5^DBshDpE(D)
5^DBshDpE(D)
5^DBshDpE(D)
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
蚱蜢




轻型飞机
3
3
3
3 grassland
grassland
grassland
grassland [
[
[
[
5^rBslAnd
5^rBslAnd
5^rBslAnd
5^rBslAnd
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
牧草




草原

In the eastern parts of the United States the preferred grass for forage was
a
c
ultivated
plant

49
49
49
49 carbon
carbon
carbon
carbon [
[
[
[
5kBbEn
5kBbEn
5kBbEn
5kBbEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
碳
8
8
8
8 carbohydrates
carbohydrates
carbohydrates
carbohydrates
（
carbohydrate[
carbohydrate[
carbohydrate[
carbohydrate[
5kBbEJ5haIdreIt
5kBbEJ5haIdreIt
5kBbEJ5haIdreIt
5kBbEJ5haIdreIt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
碳水化合物




醣
6
6
6
6 carbonate
carbonate
carbonate
carbonate [
[
[
[
5kBbEneIt
5kBbEneIt
5kBbEneIt
5kBbEneIt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
碳酸盐
v

v
v
v

变成碳酸盐
3
3
3
3 carboniferous
carboniferous
carboniferous
carboniferous adj
adj
adj
adj
含碳煤
3
3
3
3 carbonic
carbonic
carbonic
carbonic [
[
[
[
kB5bDnIk
kB5bDnIk
kB5bDnIk
kB5bDnIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
碳




碳

Many of the more important air pollutants such as sulfur oxides carbon monoxide
and nitrogen oxides are found
i
n
na
ture As the Earth developed the concentrations of
these pollutants were altered by various chemical reactions they became components
i
n
bi
ogeochemical cycle
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
13
13
13
13

T
o
i
dentify
a
hi
storically significant mountain range
i
n
t
he West

50
50
50
50 substances
substances
substances
substances
（
substance[
substance[
substance[
substance[
5sQbstEns
5sQbstEns
5sQbstEns
5sQbstEns
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
物质




旨

Certain fungi and even some kinds of bacteria secrete substances known as antibiotic
s
i
nto their external environment

50
50
50
50 role
role
role
role [
[
[
[
rEJl
rEJl
rEJl
rEJl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
角色




作




务
play
play
play
play a
a
a
a XX
XX
XX
XX role
role
role
role
起
XX
XX
XX
XX
样作

But times are changing
a
ne
w generation of foresters seems better prepared to Include
i
n
t
heir management plans consideration of the vital ecological role alders play

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
55
55
55
55 range
range
range
range [
[
[
[
reIndV
reIndV
reIndV
reIndV
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
山脉




范围




行列
v

v
v
v
排
列




列




7
7
7
7 ranged
ranged
ranged
ranged
6
6
6
6 ranging
ranging
ranging
ranging

Those queried ranged from European college students to members of the Fore
a
t
ribe
that dwells
i
n
t
he New Guinea highlands

50
50
50
50 quantities
quantities
quantities
quantities
（
quantity[
quantity[
quantity[
quantity[
5kwDntItI
5kwDntItI
5kwDntItI
5kwDntItI
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
量




总数

Glaciers may form
i
n
pe
rmanently cold areas and these slowly moving masses of ice
cut out valleys carrying with them huge quantities of eroded rock debris

50
50
50
50 primarily
primarily
primarily
primarily [
[
[
[
5praImErIlI
5praImErIlI
5praImErIlI
5praImErIlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
首先




首




起初
25
25
25
25 primary
primary
primary
primary [
[
[
[
5praImErI
5praImErI
5praImErI
5praImErI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
首选
adj
adj
adj
adj





根

In seeking to describe the origins of theater one must rely primarily
o
n
s
peculation
since there is little concrete evidence
o
n
w
hich to draw

50
50
50
50 considered
considered
considered
considered
（
consider[
consider[
consider[
consider[
kEn5sIdE
kEn5sIdE
kEn5sIdE
kEn5sIdE
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
考
虑




认
23
23
23
23 considerable
considerable
considerable
considerable [
[
[
[
kEn5sIdErEbl
kEn5sIdErEbl
kEn5sIdErEbl
kEn5sIdErEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
观相
4
4
4
4 considerably
considerably
considerably
considerably [
[
[
[
kEn5sIdErEbElI
kEn5sIdErEbElI
kEn5sIdErEbElI
kEn5sIdErEbElI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
相

For example some early societies ceased to consider certain rites essential to their
wellbeing and abandoned them nevertheless they retained as parts of their oral
tradition the myths that had grown up around the rites and admired them for their
artistic qualities rather than for their religious usefulness

50
50
50
50 aspect
aspect
aspect
aspect [
[
[
[
5Aspekt
5Aspekt
5Aspekt
5Aspekt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
方外观

W
e
ne
ed to know what aspects of
a
c
ommunity are most important to the community
’
s
r
esistance to destruction as well as its recovery

50
50
50
50 approach
approach
approach
approach [
[
[
[
E5prEJtF
E5prEJtF
E5prEJtF
E5prEJtF
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
方法




接
v
v
v
v








接

Approaching crafts from the point of view of function we can divide them into simple
categories containers shelters and supports

49
49
49
49 pacific
pacific
pacific
pacific [
[
[
[
pE5sIfIk
pE5sIfIk
pE5sIfIk
pE5sIfIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
解




温
Pacific
Pacific
Pacific
Pacific n
n
n
n
太洋
adj
adj
adj
adj
太洋

The Native American peoples of the north Pacific Coast created
a
hi
ghly complex
maritime culture as they invented modes of production unique to their special
environment

49
49
49
49 grasses
grasses
grasses
grasses
（
grass[
grass[
grass[
grass[
^rBs
^rBs
^rBs
^rBs
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
草




草原
v

v
v
v

吃草




放牧
4
4
4
4 grasshoppers
grasshoppers
grasshoppers
grasshoppers
（
grasshopper[
grasshopper[
grasshopper[
grasshopper[
5^DBshDpE(D)
5^DBshDpE(D)
5^DBshDpE(D)
5^DBshDpE(D)
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
蚱蜢




轻型飞机
3
3
3
3 grassland
grassland
grassland
grassland [
[
[
[
5^rBslAnd
5^rBslAnd
5^rBslAnd
5^rBslAnd
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
牧草




草原

In the eastern parts of the United States the preferred grass for forage was
a
c
ultivated
plant

49
49
49
49 carbon
carbon
carbon
carbon [
[
[
[
5kBbEn
5kBbEn
5kBbEn
5kBbEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
碳
8
8
8
8 carbohydrates
carbohydrates
carbohydrates
carbohydrates
（
carbohydrate[
carbohydrate[
carbohydrate[
carbohydrate[
5kBbEJ5haIdreIt
5kBbEJ5haIdreIt
5kBbEJ5haIdreIt
5kBbEJ5haIdreIt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
碳水化合物




醣
6
6
6
6 carbonate
carbonate
carbonate
carbonate [
[
[
[
5kBbEneIt
5kBbEneIt
5kBbEneIt
5kBbEneIt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
碳酸盐
v

v
v
v

变成碳酸盐
3
3
3
3 carboniferous
carboniferous
carboniferous
carboniferous adj
adj
adj
adj
含碳煤
3
3
3
3 carbonic
carbonic
carbonic
carbonic [
[
[
[
kB5bDnIk
kB5bDnIk
kB5bDnIk
kB5bDnIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
碳




碳

Many of the more important air pollutants such as sulfur oxides carbon monoxide
and nitrogen oxides are found
i
n
na
ture As the Earth developed the concentrations of
these pollutants were altered by various chemical reactions they became components
i
n
bi
ogeochemical cycle
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
14
14
14
14
48
48
48
48 w
higs
whigs
whigs
whigs n
n
n
n
辉格（英国历史政）

The Democratic and Whig Parties developed
i
n
r
esponse to the needs of competing
economic and political constituencies

48
48
48
48 predators
predators
predators
predators
（
predator[
predator[
predator[
predator[
5predEtE
5predEtE
5predEtE
5predEtE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
掠夺者




食肉动物
4
4
4
4 predatory
predatory
predatory
predatory [
[
[
[
5predEtErI
5predEtErI
5predEtErI
5predEtErI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
掠夺




捕食生物
4
4
4
4 predation
predation
predation
predation n
n
n
n
动物捕食行

First the major predators of deerwolves cougar and lynxhave been greatly
reduced
i
n
num
bers

48
48
48
48 particles
particles
particles
particles
（
particle[
particle[
particle[
particle[
5pBtIkl
5pBtIkl
5pBtIkl
5pBtIkl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
粒子




极量

The mineral particles found
i
n
s
oil range
i
n
s
ize from microscopic clay particles to
large boulders

48
48
48
48 forces
forces
forces
forces
（
force[
force[
force[
force[
fCs
fCs
fCs
fCs
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
力量




势力




武力
v

v
v
v
强
迫




推动
40
40
40
40 force
force
force
force
16
16
16
16 forced
forced
forced
forced

Lacking the right to vote and absent from the seats of power women were not
considered
a
n
i
mportant force
i
n
hi
story

48
48
48
48 advanced
advanced
advanced
advanced
（
advance[
advance[
advance[
advance[
Ed5vBns
Ed5vBns
Ed5vBns
Ed5vBns
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
前进




增长




v

v
v
v

前移动




推进



adj
adj
adj
adj
先行
3
3
3
3 advancement
advancement
advancement
advancement [
[
[
[
Ed5vBnsmEnt
Ed5vBnsmEnt
Ed5vBnsmEnt
Ed5vBnsmEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
前进




促进




进展

Some 800 years ago Alaska
’
s
H
ubbard Glacier advanced toward the sea retreated
and advanced again 500 years later

47
47
47
47 squares
squares
squares
squares
（
square[
square[
square[
square[
skweE
skweE
skweE
skweE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
广场




方形物

Steam was accumulated
i
n
a
l
arge doubleacting vertical cylinder but the steam
reached only
a
f
ew pounds of pressure per square inch

47
47
47
47 rise
rise
rise
rise [
[
[
[
raIz
raIz
raIz
raIz
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
升




涨




增加
v

v
v
v

升




涨

Instead of trying to keep down the body temperature deep inside the body which
would involve the expenditure of water and energy desert mammals allow their
temperatures to rise to what would normally be fever height and temperatures as high
as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured
i
n
G
rant＇s gazelles

47
47
47
47 gradually
gradually
gradually
gradually [
[
[
[
5^rAdjJElI
5^rAdjJElI
5^rAdjJElI
5^rAdjJElI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
慢慢渐渐

Then as industrialization became increasingly complicated the craft techniques of
preindustrial society gradually gave way to
a
t
echnology based
o
n
t
he systematic
application of scientific knowledge and scientific methods

47
47
47
47 frequently
frequently
frequently
frequently [
[
[
[
5frikwEntlI
5frikwEntlI
5frikwEntlI
5frikwEntlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
频繁




屡次
11
11
11
11 frequent
frequent
frequent
frequent [
[
[
[
5frikwEnt
5frikwEnt
5frikwEnt
5frikwEnt
]
]
]
]
adj
adj
adj
adj
时常发生

Some humans hunt more frequently than gray wolves

47
47
47
47 diversity
diversity
diversity
diversity [
[
[
[
daI5v＼sItI
daI5v＼sItI
daI5v＼sItI
daI5v＼sItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
差异




样性
17
17
17
17 diverse
diverse
diverse
diverse [
[
[
[
daI5v＼s
daI5v＼s
daI5v＼s
daI5v＼s
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj





变化
5
5
5
5 diversions
diversions
diversions
diversions
（
diversion[
diversion[
diversion[
diversion[
daI5v＼FEn
daI5v＼FEn
daI5v＼FEn
daI5v＼FEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
转移

But
o
n
r
eflection
i
t
be
comes clear that the more critically useful as well as the more
frequently employed sense of the term concerns the artfulness of the verbal creation
not its mode of presentation

47
47
47
47 democrats
democrats
democrats
democrats
（
democrat[
democrat[
democrat[
democrat[
5demEkrAt
5demEkrAt
5demEkrAt
5demEkrAt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
民义者
9
9
9
9 democratic
democratic
democratic
democratic [
[
[
[
7demE5krAtIk
7demE5krAtIk
7demE5krAtIk
7demE5krAtIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
民

In contrast to the Democrats the Whigs favored government aid for education

老师
Blog
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46
46
46
46 style
style
style
style [
[
[
[
staIl
staIl
staIl
staIl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
风格




作风
v

v
v
v
称
呼




设计
5
5
5
5 stylized
stylized
stylized
stylized
（
stylize
stylize
stylize
stylize
）
v

v
v
v

风格化
3
3
3
3 stylistic
stylistic
stylistic
stylistic adj
adj
adj
adj
格式

The glass objects of this style were elegant
i
n
ou
tline although often deliberately
distorted with pale or iridescent surfaces
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
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Toefl
词汇红宝书
14
14
14
14
48
48
48
48 w
higs
whigs
whigs
whigs n
n
n
n
辉格（英国历史政）

The Democratic and Whig Parties developed
i
n
r
esponse to the needs of competing
economic and political constituencies

48
48
48
48 predators
predators
predators
predators
（
predator[
predator[
predator[
predator[
5predEtE
5predEtE
5predEtE
5predEtE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
掠夺者




食肉动物
4
4
4
4 predatory
predatory
predatory
predatory [
[
[
[
5predEtErI
5predEtErI
5predEtErI
5predEtErI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
掠夺




捕食生物
4
4
4
4 predation
predation
predation
predation n
n
n
n
动物捕食行

First the major predators of deerwolves cougar and lynxhave been greatly
reduced
i
n
num
bers

48
48
48
48 particles
particles
particles
particles
（
particle[
particle[
particle[
particle[
5pBtIkl
5pBtIkl
5pBtIkl
5pBtIkl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
粒子




极量

The mineral particles found
i
n
s
oil range
i
n
s
ize from microscopic clay particles to
large boulders

48
48
48
48 forces
forces
forces
forces
（
force[
force[
force[
force[
fCs
fCs
fCs
fCs
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
力量




势力




武力
v

v
v
v
强
迫




推动
40
40
40
40 force
force
force
force
16
16
16
16 forced
forced
forced
forced

Lacking the right to vote and absent from the seats of power women were not
considered
a
n
i
mportant force
i
n
hi
story

48
48
48
48 advanced
advanced
advanced
advanced
（
advance[
advance[
advance[
advance[
Ed5vBns
Ed5vBns
Ed5vBns
Ed5vBns
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
前进




增长




v

v
v
v

前移动




推进



adj
adj
adj
adj
先行
3
3
3
3 advancement
advancement
advancement
advancement [
[
[
[
Ed5vBnsmEnt
Ed5vBnsmEnt
Ed5vBnsmEnt
Ed5vBnsmEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
前进




促进




进展

Some 800 years ago Alaska
’
s
H
ubbard Glacier advanced toward the sea retreated
and advanced again 500 years later

47
47
47
47 squares
squares
squares
squares
（
square[
square[
square[
square[
skweE
skweE
skweE
skweE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
广场




方形物

Steam was accumulated
i
n
a
l
arge doubleacting vertical cylinder but the steam
reached only
a
f
ew pounds of pressure per square inch

47
47
47
47 rise
rise
rise
rise [
[
[
[
raIz
raIz
raIz
raIz
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
升




涨




增加
v

v
v
v

升




涨

Instead of trying to keep down the body temperature deep inside the body which
would involve the expenditure of water and energy desert mammals allow their
temperatures to rise to what would normally be fever height and temperatures as high
as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured
i
n
G
rant＇s gazelles

47
47
47
47 gradually
gradually
gradually
gradually [
[
[
[
5^rAdjJElI
5^rAdjJElI
5^rAdjJElI
5^rAdjJElI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
慢慢渐渐

Then as industrialization became increasingly complicated the craft techniques of
preindustrial society gradually gave way to
a
t
echnology based
o
n
t
he systematic
application of scientific knowledge and scientific methods

47
47
47
47 frequently
frequently
frequently
frequently [
[
[
[
5frikwEntlI
5frikwEntlI
5frikwEntlI
5frikwEntlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
频繁




屡次
11
11
11
11 frequent
frequent
frequent
frequent [
[
[
[
5frikwEnt
5frikwEnt
5frikwEnt
5frikwEnt
]
]
]
]
adj
adj
adj
adj
时常发生

Some humans hunt more frequently than gray wolves

47
47
47
47 diversity
diversity
diversity
diversity [
[
[
[
daI5v＼sItI
daI5v＼sItI
daI5v＼sItI
daI5v＼sItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
差异




样性
17
17
17
17 diverse
diverse
diverse
diverse [
[
[
[
daI5v＼s
daI5v＼s
daI5v＼s
daI5v＼s
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj





变化
5
5
5
5 diversions
diversions
diversions
diversions
（
diversion[
diversion[
diversion[
diversion[
daI5v＼FEn
daI5v＼FEn
daI5v＼FEn
daI5v＼FEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
转移

But
o
n
r
eflection
i
t
be
comes clear that the more critically useful as well as the more
frequently employed sense of the term concerns the artfulness of the verbal creation
not its mode of presentation

47
47
47
47 democrats
democrats
democrats
democrats
（
democrat[
democrat[
democrat[
democrat[
5demEkrAt
5demEkrAt
5demEkrAt
5demEkrAt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
民义者
9
9
9
9 democratic
democratic
democratic
democratic [
[
[
[
7demE5krAtIk
7demE5krAtIk
7demE5krAtIk
7demE5krAtIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
民

In contrast to the Democrats the Whigs favored government aid for education

老师
Blog
：
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46
46
46
46 style
style
style
style [
[
[
[
staIl
staIl
staIl
staIl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
风格




作风
v

v
v
v
称
呼




设计
5
5
5
5 stylized
stylized
stylized
stylized
（
stylize
stylize
stylize
stylize
）
v

v
v
v

风格化
3
3
3
3 stylistic
stylistic
stylistic
stylistic adj
adj
adj
adj
格式

The glass objects of this style were elegant
i
n
ou
tline although often deliberately
distorted with pale or iridescent surfaces
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
15
15
15
15
46
46
46
46 s
ignificant
significant
significant
significant [
[
[
[
sI^5nIfIkEnt
sI^5nIfIkEnt
sI^5nIfIkEnt
sI^5nIfIkEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
重
17
17
17
17 significance
significance
significance
significance [
[
[
[
sI^5nIfIkEns
sI^5nIfIkEns
sI^5nIfIkEns
sI^5nIfIkEns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
重性




意义
15
15
15
15 significantly
significantly
significantly
significantly [
[
[
[
sI^5nIfIkEntlI
sI^5nIfIkEntlI
sI^5nIfIkEntlI
sI^5nIfIkEntlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
意味深长




值注目

The design of
a
n
ob
ject is considered more significant than its function

46
46
46
46 projects
projects
projects
projects
（
project[
project[
project[
project[
5prDdVekt
5prDdVekt
5prDdVekt
5prDdVekt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
计划
v

v
v
v
计
划




投掷




突出
31
31
31
31 projection
projection
projection
projection [
[
[
[
prE5dVekFEn
prE5dVekFEn
prE5dVekFEn
prE5dVekFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
发射




突出部分




计划
11
11
11
11 projector
projector
projector
projector [
[
[
[
prE5dVektE
prE5dVektE
prE5dVektE
prE5dVektE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
放映机

The development of projection technology made
i
t
pos
sible to project images
o
n
a
l
arge screen

46
46
46
46 preserved
preserved
preserved
preserved
（
preserve[
preserve[
preserve[
preserve[
prI5z＼v
prI5z＼v
prI5z＼v
prI5z＼v
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
保
存




保藏
17
17
17
17 preservation
preservation
preservation
preservation [
[
[
[
7prezE()5veIFEn
7prezE()5veIFEn
7prezE()5veIFEn
7prezE()5veIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
保存




保护

Ichthyosaurs had
a
hi
gher chance of being preserved than did terrestrial creatures
because as marine animals they tended to live
i
n
e
nvironments less subject to erosion

46
46
46
46 grain
grain
grain
grain [
[
[
[
^reIn
^reIn
^reIn
^reIn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
颗粒谷物
v

v
v
v

成粒状

In agriculture the transformation was marked by the emergence of the grain elevators
the cotton presses the warehouses and the commodity exchanges that seemed to so
many of the nation＇s farmers the visible sign of
a
v
ast conspiracy against them

45
45
45
45 whale
whale
whale
whale [
[
[
[
weIl
weIl
weIl
weIl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
鲸

Beluga whale mothers for example nurse their calves for some twenty months until
they are about to give birth again and their young are able to find their own food

45
45
45
45 thus
thus
thus
thus [
[
[
[
TQs
TQs
TQs
TQs
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv







Inevitably the practical functions that shelters arc designed to fulfill play
a
s
trong role
i
n
de
termining their appearance and thus
i
n
pa
rt their artistic character

45
45
45
45 shape
shape
shape
shape [
[
[
[
FeIp
FeIp
FeIp
FeIp
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
外形




形态
v

v
v
v

成形




塑造
37
37
37
37 shapes
shapes
shapes
shapes

Florida gars are sometimes confused with
a
s
imilarly shaped but unrelated needlefish
which are marine but commonly enter freshwater

老师
Blog
：
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45
45
45
45 relationship
relationship
relationship
relationship [
[
[
[
rI5leIFEnFIp
rI5leIFEnFIp
rI5leIFEnFIp
rI5leIFEnFIp
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
关系




关联
16
16
16
16 relationships
relationships
relationships
relationships

Scientists have discovered that for the last 160000 years at least there has been
a
c
onsistent relationship between the amount of carbon dioxide
i
n
t
he air and the average
temperature of the planet

45
45
45
45 lack
lack
lack
lack [
[
[
[
lAk
lAk
lAk
lAk
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
欠缺




足
v

v
v
v
缺
乏




足
12
12
12
12 lacked
lacked
lacked
lacked
6
6
6
6 lacks
lacks
lacks
lacks

The biggest initial surprise was the almost total lack of detail especially from far
away

45
45
45
45 galaxies
galaxies
galaxies
galaxies
（
galaxy[
galaxy[
galaxy[
galaxy[
5^AlEksI
5^AlEksI
5^AlEksI
5^AlEksI
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
星系银河

Astronomers have measured the abundance of helium throughout our galaxy and
i
n
ot
her galaxies as well

45
45
45
45 draw
draw
draw
draw [
[
[
[
drC
drC
drC
drC
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
局吸引事物
v

v
v
v
取




画

T
his theory is suggested by evidence of chips
i
n
t
he painted figures perhaps made by
spears thrown at the drawings

45
45
45
45 discovered
discovered
discovered
discovered
（
discover[
discover[
discover[
discover[
dIs5kQvE
dIs5kQvE
dIs5kQvE
dIs5kQvE
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
发
现




找

The bestknown specimens are the remarkable tracks discovered at Lactoli Tanzania
by Mary Leaky

45
45
45
45 decades
decades
decades
decades
（
decade[
decade[
decade[
decade[
5dekeId
5dekeId
5dekeId
5dekeId
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
十年

Biological diversity has become widely recognized as
a
c
ritical conservation issue老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
15
15
15
15
46
46
46
46 s
ignificant
significant
significant
significant [
[
[
[
sI^5nIfIkEnt
sI^5nIfIkEnt
sI^5nIfIkEnt
sI^5nIfIkEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
重
17
17
17
17 significance
significance
significance
significance [
[
[
[
sI^5nIfIkEns
sI^5nIfIkEns
sI^5nIfIkEns
sI^5nIfIkEns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
重性




意义
15
15
15
15 significantly
significantly
significantly
significantly [
[
[
[
sI^5nIfIkEntlI
sI^5nIfIkEntlI
sI^5nIfIkEntlI
sI^5nIfIkEntlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
意味深长




值注目

The design of
a
n
ob
ject is considered more significant than its function

46
46
46
46 projects
projects
projects
projects
（
project[
project[
project[
project[
5prDdVekt
5prDdVekt
5prDdVekt
5prDdVekt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
计划
v

v
v
v
计
划




投掷




突出
31
31
31
31 projection
projection
projection
projection [
[
[
[
prE5dVekFEn
prE5dVekFEn
prE5dVekFEn
prE5dVekFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
发射




突出部分




计划
11
11
11
11 projector
projector
projector
projector [
[
[
[
prE5dVektE
prE5dVektE
prE5dVektE
prE5dVektE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
放映机

The development of projection technology made
i
t
pos
sible to project images
o
n
a
l
arge screen

46
46
46
46 preserved
preserved
preserved
preserved
（
preserve[
preserve[
preserve[
preserve[
prI5z＼v
prI5z＼v
prI5z＼v
prI5z＼v
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
保
存




保藏
17
17
17
17 preservation
preservation
preservation
preservation [
[
[
[
7prezE()5veIFEn
7prezE()5veIFEn
7prezE()5veIFEn
7prezE()5veIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
保存




保护

Ichthyosaurs had
a
hi
gher chance of being preserved than did terrestrial creatures
because as marine animals they tended to live
i
n
e
nvironments less subject to erosion

46
46
46
46 grain
grain
grain
grain [
[
[
[
^reIn
^reIn
^reIn
^reIn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
颗粒谷物
v

v
v
v

成粒状

In agriculture the transformation was marked by the emergence of the grain elevators
the cotton presses the warehouses and the commodity exchanges that seemed to so
many of the nation＇s farmers the visible sign of
a
v
ast conspiracy against them

45
45
45
45 whale
whale
whale
whale [
[
[
[
weIl
weIl
weIl
weIl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
鲸

Beluga whale mothers for example nurse their calves for some twenty months until
they are about to give birth again and their young are able to find their own food

45
45
45
45 thus
thus
thus
thus [
[
[
[
TQs
TQs
TQs
TQs
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv







Inevitably the practical functions that shelters arc designed to fulfill play
a
s
trong role
i
n
de
termining their appearance and thus
i
n
pa
rt their artistic character

45
45
45
45 shape
shape
shape
shape [
[
[
[
FeIp
FeIp
FeIp
FeIp
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
外形




形态
v

v
v
v

成形




塑造
37
37
37
37 shapes
shapes
shapes
shapes

Florida gars are sometimes confused with
a
s
imilarly shaped but unrelated needlefish
which are marine but commonly enter freshwater

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
45
45
45
45 relationship
relationship
relationship
relationship [
[
[
[
rI5leIFEnFIp
rI5leIFEnFIp
rI5leIFEnFIp
rI5leIFEnFIp
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
关系




关联
16
16
16
16 relationships
relationships
relationships
relationships

Scientists have discovered that for the last 160000 years at least there has been
a
c
onsistent relationship between the amount of carbon dioxide
i
n
t
he air and the average
temperature of the planet

45
45
45
45 lack
lack
lack
lack [
[
[
[
lAk
lAk
lAk
lAk
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
欠缺




足
v

v
v
v
缺
乏




足
12
12
12
12 lacked
lacked
lacked
lacked
6
6
6
6 lacks
lacks
lacks
lacks

The biggest initial surprise was the almost total lack of detail especially from far
away

45
45
45
45 galaxies
galaxies
galaxies
galaxies
（
galaxy[
galaxy[
galaxy[
galaxy[
5^AlEksI
5^AlEksI
5^AlEksI
5^AlEksI
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
星系银河

Astronomers have measured the abundance of helium throughout our galaxy and
i
n
ot
her galaxies as well

45
45
45
45 draw
draw
draw
draw [
[
[
[
drC
drC
drC
drC
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
局吸引事物
v

v
v
v
取




画

T
his theory is suggested by evidence of chips
i
n
t
he painted figures perhaps made by
spears thrown at the drawings

45
45
45
45 discovered
discovered
discovered
discovered
（
discover[
discover[
discover[
discover[
dIs5kQvE
dIs5kQvE
dIs5kQvE
dIs5kQvE
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
发
现




找

The bestknown specimens are the remarkable tracks discovered at Lactoli Tanzania
by Mary Leaky

45
45
45
45 decades
decades
decades
decades
（
decade[
decade[
decade[
decade[
5dekeId
5dekeId
5dekeId
5dekeId
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
十年

Biological diversity has become widely recognized as
a
c
ritical conservation issue老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
16
16
16
16
onl
y
i
n
t
he past two decades

44
44
44
44 labor
labor
labor
labor [
[
[
[
5leIbE
5leIbE
5leIbE
5leIbE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
劳工




劳动
3
3
3
3 laborious
laborious
laborious
laborious [
[
[
[
lE5bCrIEs
lE5bCrIEs
lE5bCrIEs
lE5bCrIEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
费力




吃力
3
3
3
3 laborer
laborer
laborer
laborer [
[
[
[
5leIbErE
5leIbErE
5leIbErE
5leIbErE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
劳动者

The region around Hopewell had everything needed for iron production
a
w
ealth of
iron ore near the surface limestone for removing impurities from the iron hardwood
forests to supply the charcoal used for fuel rushing water to power the bellows that
pumped blasts of air into the furnace fires and workers to supply the labor

44
44
44
44 function
function
function
function [
[
[
[
5fQNkFEn
5fQNkFEn
5fQNkFEn
5fQNkFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
功
v

v
v
v
活
动




运行
20
20
20
20 functional
functional
functional
functional [
[
[
[
5fQNkFEnl
5fQNkFEnl
5fQNkFEnl
5fQNkFEnl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
功实
4
4
4
4 functionalism
functionalism
functionalism
functionalism n
n
n
n
功义

Each advance
i
n
m
icroscopic technique has provided scientists with new perspectives
o
n
t
he function of living organisms and the nature of matter itself

44
44
44
44 craters
craters
craters
craters
（
crater[
crater[
crater[
crater[
5kreItE
5kreItE
5kreItE
5kreItE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
火山口

Close observation of craters combined with the way the Moon diffusely reflects
sunlight led to the understanding that the Moon is covered by
a
s
urface layer or
regolith that overlies the solid rock of the Moon

43
43
43
43 sculpture
sculpture
sculpture
sculpture [
[
[
[
5skQlptFE
5skQlptFE
5skQlptFE
5skQlptFE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
雕刻




雕刻品
v

v
v
v
雕
刻
5
5
5
5 sculptural
sculptural
sculptural
sculptural [
[
[
[
`skQlptFErEl
`skQlptFErEl
`skQlptFErEl
`skQlptFErEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
雕刻




雕刻般
6
6
6
6 sculptures
sculptures
sculptures
sculptures

Sculptures must for example be stable which requires
a
n
unde
rstanding of the
properties of mass weight distribution and stress

43
43
43
43 rural
rural
rural
rural [
[
[
[
5rJEr(E)l
5rJEr(E)l
5rJEr(E)l
5rJEr(E)l
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
乡




乡村风味

Local studies indicate that nearly three quarters of the population
i
n
t
he North and
South
i
n
t
he emerging cities of the Northeast and
i
n
t
he restless rural counties of the
W
est
c
hanged their residence each decade

43
43
43
43 replaced
replaced
replaced
replaced
（
replace[
replace[
replace[
replace[
rI()5pleIs
rI()5pleIs
rI()5pleIs
rI()5pleIs
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
取
代
15
15
15
15 replace
replace
replace
replace

T
o
m
aintain the cave system the elements of fire under ice must remain
i
n
e
quilibrium
enough snow must fill the crater each year to replace that melted from below

43
43
43
43 held
held
held
held
（
hold[
hold[
hold[
hold[
hEJld
hEJld
hEJld
hEJld
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
认
握着
36
36
36
36 hold
hold
hold
hold

And virtually
a
ll
pol
icy makers whether they subscribed to the tenets of the
philosophy held by Jefferson or not recognized agriculture as the key component of the
American economy

43
43
43
43 dioxide
dioxide
dioxide
dioxide [
[
[
[
daI5DksaId
daI5DksaId
daI5DksaId
daI5DksaId
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
二氧化物

W
e
a
ssume that volcanoes spewed out the same gasses then as they do today mostly
water vapor (about g0 percent) carbon dioxide (about
t
en
pe
rcent) and up to
a
f
ew 10
percent nitrogen

老师
Blog
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43
43
43
43 cetaceans
cetaceans
cetaceans
cetaceans
（
cetacean[
cetacean[
cetacean[
cetacean[
sI5teIFjEn
sI5teIFjEn
sI5teIFjEn
sI5teIFjEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
鲸

V
ery
e
xciting discoveries have finally allowed scientists to reconstruct the most likely
origins of cetaceans

42
42
42
42 organic
organic
organic
organic [
[
[
[
C5^AnIk
C5^AnIk
C5^AnIk
C5^AnIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
器官




组织
8
8
8
8 organs
organs
organs
organs
（
organ[
organ[
organ[
organ[
5C^En
5C^En
5C^En
5C^En
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
器官
3
3
3
3 organically
organically
organically
organically [
[
[
[
C5^AnIklI
C5^AnIklI
C5^AnIklI
C5^AnIklI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
机耕作

Petroleum consisting of crude
o
il
a
nd natural gas seems to originate from organic
matter
i
n
m
arine sediment

42
42
42
42 remove
remove
remove
remove [
[
[
[
rI5muv
rI5muv
rI5muv
rI5muv
]
]
]
] v
v
v
v



掉移动
6
6
6
6 removing
removing
removing
removing
4
4
4
4 removal
removal
removal
removal [
[
[
[
rI5muvEl
rI5muvEl
rI5muvEl
rI5muvEl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
移动




搬迁

In artificial incubation programs aviculturists remove eggs from the nests of parrots老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
16
16
16
16
onl
y
i
n
t
he past two decades

44
44
44
44 labor
labor
labor
labor [
[
[
[
5leIbE
5leIbE
5leIbE
5leIbE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
劳工




劳动
3
3
3
3 laborious
laborious
laborious
laborious [
[
[
[
lE5bCrIEs
lE5bCrIEs
lE5bCrIEs
lE5bCrIEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
费力




吃力
3
3
3
3 laborer
laborer
laborer
laborer [
[
[
[
5leIbErE
5leIbErE
5leIbErE
5leIbErE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
劳动者

The region around Hopewell had everything needed for iron production
a
w
ealth of
iron ore near the surface limestone for removing impurities from the iron hardwood
forests to supply the charcoal used for fuel rushing water to power the bellows that
pumped blasts of air into the furnace fires and workers to supply the labor

44
44
44
44 function
function
function
function [
[
[
[
5fQNkFEn
5fQNkFEn
5fQNkFEn
5fQNkFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
功
v

v
v
v
活
动




运行
20
20
20
20 functional
functional
functional
functional [
[
[
[
5fQNkFEnl
5fQNkFEnl
5fQNkFEnl
5fQNkFEnl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
功实
4
4
4
4 functionalism
functionalism
functionalism
functionalism n
n
n
n
功义

Each advance
i
n
m
icroscopic technique has provided scientists with new perspectives
o
n
t
he function of living organisms and the nature of matter itself

44
44
44
44 craters
craters
craters
craters
（
crater[
crater[
crater[
crater[
5kreItE
5kreItE
5kreItE
5kreItE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
火山口

Close observation of craters combined with the way the Moon diffusely reflects
sunlight led to the understanding that the Moon is covered by
a
s
urface layer or
regolith that overlies the solid rock of the Moon

43
43
43
43 sculpture
sculpture
sculpture
sculpture [
[
[
[
5skQlptFE
5skQlptFE
5skQlptFE
5skQlptFE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
雕刻




雕刻品
v

v
v
v
雕
刻
5
5
5
5 sculptural
sculptural
sculptural
sculptural [
[
[
[
`skQlptFErEl
`skQlptFErEl
`skQlptFErEl
`skQlptFErEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
雕刻




雕刻般
6
6
6
6 sculptures
sculptures
sculptures
sculptures

Sculptures must for example be stable which requires
a
n
unde
rstanding of the
properties of mass weight distribution and stress

43
43
43
43 rural
rural
rural
rural [
[
[
[
5rJEr(E)l
5rJEr(E)l
5rJEr(E)l
5rJEr(E)l
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
乡




乡村风味

Local studies indicate that nearly three quarters of the population
i
n
t
he North and
South
i
n
t
he emerging cities of the Northeast and
i
n
t
he restless rural counties of the
W
est
c
hanged their residence each decade

43
43
43
43 replaced
replaced
replaced
replaced
（
replace[
replace[
replace[
replace[
rI()5pleIs
rI()5pleIs
rI()5pleIs
rI()5pleIs
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
取
代
15
15
15
15 replace
replace
replace
replace

T
o
m
aintain the cave system the elements of fire under ice must remain
i
n
e
quilibrium
enough snow must fill the crater each year to replace that melted from below

43
43
43
43 held
held
held
held
（
hold[
hold[
hold[
hold[
hEJld
hEJld
hEJld
hEJld
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
认
握着
36
36
36
36 hold
hold
hold
hold

And virtually
a
ll
pol
icy makers whether they subscribed to the tenets of the
philosophy held by Jefferson or not recognized agriculture as the key component of the
American economy

43
43
43
43 dioxide
dioxide
dioxide
dioxide [
[
[
[
daI5DksaId
daI5DksaId
daI5DksaId
daI5DksaId
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
二氧化物

W
e
a
ssume that volcanoes spewed out the same gasses then as they do today mostly
water vapor (about g0 percent) carbon dioxide (about
t
en
pe
rcent) and up to
a
f
ew 10
percent nitrogen

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
43
43
43
43 cetaceans
cetaceans
cetaceans
cetaceans
（
cetacean[
cetacean[
cetacean[
cetacean[
sI5teIFjEn
sI5teIFjEn
sI5teIFjEn
sI5teIFjEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
鲸

V
ery
e
xciting discoveries have finally allowed scientists to reconstruct the most likely
origins of cetaceans

42
42
42
42 organic
organic
organic
organic [
[
[
[
C5^AnIk
C5^AnIk
C5^AnIk
C5^AnIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
器官




组织
8
8
8
8 organs
organs
organs
organs
（
organ[
organ[
organ[
organ[
5C^En
5C^En
5C^En
5C^En
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
器官
3
3
3
3 organically
organically
organically
organically [
[
[
[
C5^AnIklI
C5^AnIklI
C5^AnIklI
C5^AnIklI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
机耕作

Petroleum consisting of crude
o
il
a
nd natural gas seems to originate from organic
matter
i
n
m
arine sediment

42
42
42
42 remove
remove
remove
remove [
[
[
[
rI5muv
rI5muv
rI5muv
rI5muv
]
]
]
] v
v
v
v



掉移动
6
6
6
6 removing
removing
removing
removing
4
4
4
4 removal
removal
removal
removal [
[
[
[
rI5muvEl
rI5muvEl
rI5muvEl
rI5muvEl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
移动




搬迁

In artificial incubation programs aviculturists remove eggs from the nests of parrots老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
17
17
17
17
a
nd incubate them under laboratory conditions

42
42
42
42 entire
entire
entire
entire [
[
[
[
In5taIE
In5taIE
In5taIE
In5taIE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
全体




全部

This new design concept coupled with the sharp postwar reactions to the styles and
conventions of the preceding decades created
a
n
e
ntirely new public taste which caused
Art Nouveau types of glass to fall out of favor

42
42
42
42 depended
depended
depended
depended
（
depend[
depend[
depend[
depend[
dI5pend
dI5pend
dI5pend
dI5pend
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

相信
11
11
11
11 dependent
dependent
dependent
dependent [
[
[
[
dI5pendEnt
dI5pendEnt
dI5pendEnt
dI5pendEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
赖者
adj
adj
adj
adj
赖




属
3
3
3
3 interdependence
interdependence
interdependence
interdependence n
n
n
n
互相赖

Depending
o
n
how t
he tool is used characteristic chippage patterns and
microscopically distinguishable polishes develop near the edges

42
42
42
42 currents
currents
currents
currents
（
current[
current[
current[
current[
5kQrEnt
5kQrEnt
5kQrEnt
5kQrEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
气流倾电流
adj
adj
adj
adj
前




流行

Still their fossilization required
a
s
uite of factors
a
s
low rate of decay of soft tissues
little scavenging by other animals
a
l
ack if swift currents and waves to jumble and
carry away small bones and fairly rapid burial

老师
Blog
：
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留学英语前线
42
42
42
42 adapted
adapted
adapted
adapted
（
adapt[
adapt[
adapt[
adapt[
E5dApt
E5dApt
E5dApt
E5dApt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

适应 改写
21
21
21
21 adaptations
adaptations
adaptations
adaptations
（
adaptation[
adaptation[
adaptation[
adaptation[
7AdAp5teIFEn
7AdAp5teIFEn
7AdAp5teIFEn
7AdAp5teIFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
适应




改写




改编
3
3
3
3 adaptive
adaptive
adaptive
adaptive [
[
[
[
E5dAptIv
E5dAptIv
E5dAptIv
E5dAptIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
适合




适应
3
3
3
3 adaptability
adaptability
adaptability
adaptability [
[
[
[
EdAptE5bIlItI
EdAptE5bIlItI
EdAptE5bIlItI
EdAptE5bIlItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
应性




适合性

Keen observers and quick learners they are astute about the intentions of other
creatures including researchers and adapt
a
t
a
voiding them

41
41
41
41 steam
steam
steam
steam [
[
[
[
stim
stim
stim
stim
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
蒸气
7
7
7
7 steamboats
steamboats
steamboats
steamboats
（
steamboat[
steamboat[
steamboat[
steamboat[
5stimbEJt
5stimbEJt
5stimbEJt
5stimbEJt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
汽船




轮船

In the steamengine analogy verbal aggression may vent some of the aggressive
steam

41
41
41
41 folk
folk
folk
folk [
[
[
[
fEJk
fEJk
fEJk
fEJk
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n

adj
adj
adj
adj
民间




民众

A
f
olk culture is small isolated cohesive conservative nearly selfsufficient group
that is homogeneous
i
n
c
ustom and race with
a
s
trong family or clan structure and
highly developed rituals

老师
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留学英语前线
41
41
41
41 fibers
fibers
fibers
fibers
（
fiber[
fiber[
fiber[
fiber[
5faIbE
5faIbE
5faIbE
5faIbE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
纤维

Although we now tend to refer to the various crafts according to the materials used to
construct themclay glass wood fiber and metalit was once common to think of
crafts
i
n
t
erms of function which led to their being known as the applied arts

41
41
41
41 feet
feet
feet
feet [
[
[
[
fit
fit
fit
fit
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
脚




英尺

T
oday
w
ell over
a
c
entury later there is still little direct evidence of what lies beneat
h
our f
eet

41
41
41
41 drilling
drilling
drilling
drilling
（
drill[
drill[
drill[
drill[
drIl
drIl
drIl
drIl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
钻




钻头
v

v
v
v
钻




钻
孔

Thus drilling into the ice was tantamount to drilling back through time

41
41
41
41 act
act
act
act [
[
[
[
Akt
Akt
Akt
Akt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
法案
v

v
v
v
扮
演




举动

A
s
urvey is
a
s
tudy generally
i
n
t
he form of
a
n
i
nterview or
a
que
stionnaire that
provides information concerning how people think and act

40
40
40
40 wire
wire
wire
wire [
[
[
[
5waIE
5waIE
5waIE
5waIE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
电线

Photoflash is now generated electronically but the earliest form first used
i
n
1864
w
as
a
pa
per bag containing magnesium wire and some oxygenrich substance such as
potassium chlorate

40
40
40
40 remains
remains
remains
remains
（
remain[
remain[
remain[
remain[
rI5meIn
rI5meIn
rI5meIn
rI5meIn
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
剩
保持变

After 1785 the production of children＇s books
i
n
t
he Untied States increased but
remained largely reprints of British books often those published by John Newbery the
first publisher to produce books aimed primarily at diverting
a
c
hild audience

40
40
40
40 related
related
related
related
（
relate[
relate[
relate[
relate[
rI5leIt
rI5leIt
rI5leIt
rI5leIt
]
]
]
]
）
v
v
v
v





（两事物）联系起老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
17
17
17
17
a
nd incubate them under laboratory conditions

42
42
42
42 entire
entire
entire
entire [
[
[
[
In5taIE
In5taIE
In5taIE
In5taIE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
全体




全部

This new design concept coupled with the sharp postwar reactions to the styles and
conventions of the preceding decades created
a
n
e
ntirely new public taste which caused
Art Nouveau types of glass to fall out of favor

42
42
42
42 depended
depended
depended
depended
（
depend[
depend[
depend[
depend[
dI5pend
dI5pend
dI5pend
dI5pend
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

相信
11
11
11
11 dependent
dependent
dependent
dependent [
[
[
[
dI5pendEnt
dI5pendEnt
dI5pendEnt
dI5pendEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
赖者
adj
adj
adj
adj
赖




属
3
3
3
3 interdependence
interdependence
interdependence
interdependence n
n
n
n
互相赖

Depending
o
n
how t
he tool is used characteristic chippage patterns and
microscopically distinguishable polishes develop near the edges

42
42
42
42 currents
currents
currents
currents
（
current[
current[
current[
current[
5kQrEnt
5kQrEnt
5kQrEnt
5kQrEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
气流倾电流
adj
adj
adj
adj
前




流行

Still their fossilization required
a
s
uite of factors
a
s
low rate of decay of soft tissues
little scavenging by other animals
a
l
ack if swift currents and waves to jumble and
carry away small bones and fairly rapid burial

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42
42
42
42 adapted
adapted
adapted
adapted
（
adapt[
adapt[
adapt[
adapt[
E5dApt
E5dApt
E5dApt
E5dApt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

适应 改写
21
21
21
21 adaptations
adaptations
adaptations
adaptations
（
adaptation[
adaptation[
adaptation[
adaptation[
7AdAp5teIFEn
7AdAp5teIFEn
7AdAp5teIFEn
7AdAp5teIFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
适应




改写




改编
3
3
3
3 adaptive
adaptive
adaptive
adaptive [
[
[
[
E5dAptIv
E5dAptIv
E5dAptIv
E5dAptIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
适合




适应
3
3
3
3 adaptability
adaptability
adaptability
adaptability [
[
[
[
EdAptE5bIlItI
EdAptE5bIlItI
EdAptE5bIlItI
EdAptE5bIlItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
应性




适合性

Keen observers and quick learners they are astute about the intentions of other
creatures including researchers and adapt
a
t
a
voiding them

41
41
41
41 steam
steam
steam
steam [
[
[
[
stim
stim
stim
stim
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
蒸气
7
7
7
7 steamboats
steamboats
steamboats
steamboats
（
steamboat[
steamboat[
steamboat[
steamboat[
5stimbEJt
5stimbEJt
5stimbEJt
5stimbEJt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
汽船




轮船

In the steamengine analogy verbal aggression may vent some of the aggressive
steam

41
41
41
41 folk
folk
folk
folk [
[
[
[
fEJk
fEJk
fEJk
fEJk
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n

adj
adj
adj
adj
民间




民众

A
f
olk culture is small isolated cohesive conservative nearly selfsufficient group
that is homogeneous
i
n
c
ustom and race with
a
s
trong family or clan structure and
highly developed rituals

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
41
41
41
41 fibers
fibers
fibers
fibers
（
fiber[
fiber[
fiber[
fiber[
5faIbE
5faIbE
5faIbE
5faIbE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
纤维

Although we now tend to refer to the various crafts according to the materials used to
construct themclay glass wood fiber and metalit was once common to think of
crafts
i
n
t
erms of function which led to their being known as the applied arts

41
41
41
41 feet
feet
feet
feet [
[
[
[
fit
fit
fit
fit
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
脚




英尺

T
oday
w
ell over
a
c
entury later there is still little direct evidence of what lies beneat
h
our f
eet

41
41
41
41 drilling
drilling
drilling
drilling
（
drill[
drill[
drill[
drill[
drIl
drIl
drIl
drIl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
钻




钻头
v

v
v
v
钻




钻
孔

Thus drilling into the ice was tantamount to drilling back through time

41
41
41
41 act
act
act
act [
[
[
[
Akt
Akt
Akt
Akt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
法案
v

v
v
v
扮
演




举动

A
s
urvey is
a
s
tudy generally
i
n
t
he form of
a
n
i
nterview or
a
que
stionnaire that
provides information concerning how people think and act

40
40
40
40 wire
wire
wire
wire [
[
[
[
5waIE
5waIE
5waIE
5waIE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
电线

Photoflash is now generated electronically but the earliest form first used
i
n
1864
w
as
a
pa
per bag containing magnesium wire and some oxygenrich substance such as
potassium chlorate

40
40
40
40 remains
remains
remains
remains
（
remain[
remain[
remain[
remain[
rI5meIn
rI5meIn
rI5meIn
rI5meIn
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
剩
保持变

After 1785 the production of children＇s books
i
n
t
he Untied States increased but
remained largely reprints of British books often those published by John Newbery the
first publisher to produce books aimed primarily at diverting
a
c
hild audience

40
40
40
40 related
related
related
related
（
relate[
relate[
relate[
relate[
rI5leIt
rI5leIt
rI5leIt
rI5leIt
]
]
]
]
）
v
v
v
v





（两事物）联系起老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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：
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师
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
18
18
18
18
1
1
11
11
11 relation
relation
relation
relation [
[
[
[
rI5leIFEn
rI5leIFEn
rI5leIFEn
rI5leIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
关系

The
T
VA
i
s
a
uni
que institution
i
n
t
hat
i
t
br
ings
a
ll
t
he waterrelated functions of the
federal government under
a
s
ingle body

40
40
40
40 impulses
impulses
impulses
impulses
（
impulse[
impulse[
impulse[
impulse[
5ImpQls
5ImpQls
5ImpQls
5ImpQls
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
动




刺激




脉

Other links may involve changes
i
n
br
ain temperature and the release of
neurotransmitters (substances that transmit nerve impulses)

40
40
40
40 illustrate
illustrate
illustrate
illustrate [
[
[
[
5IlEstreIt
5IlEstreIt
5IlEstreIt
5IlEstreIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
举
例说明




阐明
6
6
6
6 illustrations
illustrations
illustrations
illustrations
（
illustration[
illustration[
illustration[
illustration[
7IlEs5treIFEn
7IlEs5treIFEn
7IlEs5treIFEn
7IlEs5treIFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
例证




插图

Three of the answer choices below are used
i
n
t
he passage to illustrate constructive
processes and two are used to illustrate destructive processes

40
40
40
40 huge
huge
huge
huge [
[
[
[
hjudV
hjudV
hjudV
hjudV
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
巨

For example as the great ice sheets that covered NorthAmerica during the last ice age
steadily melted away huge volumes of water flowed from them

40
40
40
40 emphasize
emphasize
emphasize
emphasize [
[
[
[
5emfEsaIz
5emfEsaIz
5emfEsaIz
5emfEsaIz
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
强
调
12
12
12
12 emphasis
emphasis
emphasis
emphasis [
[
[
[
5emfEsIs
5emfEsIs
5emfEsIs
5emfEsIs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n





强调




加强

Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by
a
s
ocial group

39
39
39
39 survive
survive
survive
survive [
[
[
[
sE5vaIv
sE5vaIv
sE5vaIv
sE5vaIv
]
]
]
] v
v
v
v



活




幸存
30
30
30
30 survival
survival
survival
survival [
[
[
[
sE5vaIvEl
sE5vaIvEl
sE5vaIvEl
sE5vaIvEl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
留住生命




生存

In spite of problems with their condition restoration and preservation many panel
paintings have survived and today many of them are housed
i
n
m
useum collections

39
39
39
39 settlers
settlers
settlers
settlers
（
settler[
settler[
settler[
settler[
5setlE
5setlE
5setlE
5setlE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
移民者
11
11
11
11 settle
settle
settle
settle [
[
[
[
5setl
5setl
5setl
5setl
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
决
定




安放
24
24
24
24 settlement
settlement
settlement
settlement [
[
[
[
5setlmEnt
5setlmEnt
5setlmEnt
5setlmEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
解决




殖民

It made
i
t
i
ncreasingly possible for settlers to obtain land
i
n
t
he West

39
39
39
39 paleolithic
paleolithic
paleolithic
paleolithic [
[
[
[
7pAlIEJ5lIWIk
7pAlIEJ5lIWIk
7pAlIEJ5lIWIk
7pAlIEJ5lIWIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
旧石器时代

Cave art seems to have reached
a
pe
ak toward the end of the Upper Paleolithic period
when the herds of game were decreasing

39
39
39
39 interest
interest
interest
interest [
[
[
[
5IntrIst
5IntrIst
5IntrIst
5IntrIst
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
利息




嗜
v

v
v
v

感兴趣

The Democratic Party primarily represented the interests of the market banks and
commerce

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39
39
39
39 demonstrate
demonstrate
demonstrate
demonstrate [
[
[
[
5demEnstreIt
5demEnstreIt
5demEnstreIt
5demEnstreIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v

证




证明

This universality
i
n
t
he recognition of emotions was demonstrated by using rather
simple methods

39
39
39
39 artisans
artisans
artisans
artisans
（
artisan[
artisan[
artisan[
artisan[
BtI5zAn (@) BrtIzn
BtI5zAn (@) BrtIzn
BtI5zAn (@) BrtIzn
BtI5zAn (@) BrtIzn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
工匠




技工

Unlike modern industrial potters prehistoric artisans created each of their pieces
individually using the simplest technology but demonstrating remarkable skill
i
n
m
aking and adorning their vessels

39
39
39
39 affected
affected
affected
affected
（
affect[
affect[
affect[
affect[
E5fekt
E5fekt
E5fekt
E5fekt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
影
响

As
a
c
onsequence historian David Donald has written Social atomization affected
every segment of society and
i
t
s
eemed to many people that all the recognized values
of orderly civilization were gradually being eroded

38
38
38
38 skeletons
skeletons
skeletons
skeletons
（
skeleton[
skeleton[
skeleton[
skeleton[
5skelItEn
5skelItEn
5skelItEn
5skelItEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
骨骼




梗概
adj
adj
adj
adj
骨骼




概略

The tiny delicate skeletons are usually scattered by scavengers or destroyed by
weathering before they can be fossilized

38
38
38
38 plains
plains
plains
plains
（
plain[
plain[
plain[
plain[
pleIn
pleIn
pleIn
pleIn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
原




草原
adj
adj
adj
adj
简单

The other species the Columbian whitetailed deer
i
n
e
arlier times was common
i
n
t
he open prairie country
i
t
i
s now restricted to the low marshy islands and flood plains
along the lower Columbia River
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
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：
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英语前线
老
师
Blog
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Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
18
18
18
18
1
1
11
11
11 relation
relation
relation
relation [
[
[
[
rI5leIFEn
rI5leIFEn
rI5leIFEn
rI5leIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
关系

The
T
VA
i
s
a
uni
que institution
i
n
t
hat
i
t
br
ings
a
ll
t
he waterrelated functions of the
federal government under
a
s
ingle body

40
40
40
40 impulses
impulses
impulses
impulses
（
impulse[
impulse[
impulse[
impulse[
5ImpQls
5ImpQls
5ImpQls
5ImpQls
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
动




刺激




脉

Other links may involve changes
i
n
br
ain temperature and the release of
neurotransmitters (substances that transmit nerve impulses)

40
40
40
40 illustrate
illustrate
illustrate
illustrate [
[
[
[
5IlEstreIt
5IlEstreIt
5IlEstreIt
5IlEstreIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
举
例说明




阐明
6
6
6
6 illustrations
illustrations
illustrations
illustrations
（
illustration[
illustration[
illustration[
illustration[
7IlEs5treIFEn
7IlEs5treIFEn
7IlEs5treIFEn
7IlEs5treIFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
例证




插图

Three of the answer choices below are used
i
n
t
he passage to illustrate constructive
processes and two are used to illustrate destructive processes

40
40
40
40 huge
huge
huge
huge [
[
[
[
hjudV
hjudV
hjudV
hjudV
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
巨

For example as the great ice sheets that covered NorthAmerica during the last ice age
steadily melted away huge volumes of water flowed from them

40
40
40
40 emphasize
emphasize
emphasize
emphasize [
[
[
[
5emfEsaIz
5emfEsaIz
5emfEsaIz
5emfEsaIz
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
强
调
12
12
12
12 emphasis
emphasis
emphasis
emphasis [
[
[
[
5emfEsIs
5emfEsIs
5emfEsIs
5emfEsIs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n





强调




加强

Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by
a
s
ocial group

39
39
39
39 survive
survive
survive
survive [
[
[
[
sE5vaIv
sE5vaIv
sE5vaIv
sE5vaIv
]
]
]
] v
v
v
v



活




幸存
30
30
30
30 survival
survival
survival
survival [
[
[
[
sE5vaIvEl
sE5vaIvEl
sE5vaIvEl
sE5vaIvEl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
留住生命




生存

In spite of problems with their condition restoration and preservation many panel
paintings have survived and today many of them are housed
i
n
m
useum collections

39
39
39
39 settlers
settlers
settlers
settlers
（
settler[
settler[
settler[
settler[
5setlE
5setlE
5setlE
5setlE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
移民者
11
11
11
11 settle
settle
settle
settle [
[
[
[
5setl
5setl
5setl
5setl
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
决
定




安放
24
24
24
24 settlement
settlement
settlement
settlement [
[
[
[
5setlmEnt
5setlmEnt
5setlmEnt
5setlmEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
解决




殖民

It made
i
t
i
ncreasingly possible for settlers to obtain land
i
n
t
he West

39
39
39
39 paleolithic
paleolithic
paleolithic
paleolithic [
[
[
[
7pAlIEJ5lIWIk
7pAlIEJ5lIWIk
7pAlIEJ5lIWIk
7pAlIEJ5lIWIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
旧石器时代

Cave art seems to have reached
a
pe
ak toward the end of the Upper Paleolithic period
when the herds of game were decreasing

39
39
39
39 interest
interest
interest
interest [
[
[
[
5IntrIst
5IntrIst
5IntrIst
5IntrIst
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
利息




嗜
v

v
v
v

感兴趣

The Democratic Party primarily represented the interests of the market banks and
commerce

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Blog
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39
39
39
39 demonstrate
demonstrate
demonstrate
demonstrate [
[
[
[
5demEnstreIt
5demEnstreIt
5demEnstreIt
5demEnstreIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v

证




证明

This universality
i
n
t
he recognition of emotions was demonstrated by using rather
simple methods

39
39
39
39 artisans
artisans
artisans
artisans
（
artisan[
artisan[
artisan[
artisan[
BtI5zAn (@) BrtIzn
BtI5zAn (@) BrtIzn
BtI5zAn (@) BrtIzn
BtI5zAn (@) BrtIzn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
工匠




技工

Unlike modern industrial potters prehistoric artisans created each of their pieces
individually using the simplest technology but demonstrating remarkable skill
i
n
m
aking and adorning their vessels

39
39
39
39 affected
affected
affected
affected
（
affect[
affect[
affect[
affect[
E5fekt
E5fekt
E5fekt
E5fekt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
影
响

As
a
c
onsequence historian David Donald has written Social atomization affected
every segment of society and
i
t
s
eemed to many people that all the recognized values
of orderly civilization were gradually being eroded

38
38
38
38 skeletons
skeletons
skeletons
skeletons
（
skeleton[
skeleton[
skeleton[
skeleton[
5skelItEn
5skelItEn
5skelItEn
5skelItEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
骨骼




梗概
adj
adj
adj
adj
骨骼




概略

The tiny delicate skeletons are usually scattered by scavengers or destroyed by
weathering before they can be fossilized

38
38
38
38 plains
plains
plains
plains
（
plain[
plain[
plain[
plain[
pleIn
pleIn
pleIn
pleIn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
原




草原
adj
adj
adj
adj
简单

The other species the Columbian whitetailed deer
i
n
e
arlier times was common
i
n
t
he open prairie country
i
t
i
s now restricted to the low marshy islands and flood plains
along the lower Columbia River
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
19
19
19
19
38
38
38
38 oxyge
n
oxygen
oxygen
oxygen [
[
[
[
5DksIdVEn
5DksIdVEn
5DksIdVEn
5DksIdVEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
氧

The organic matter may partially decompose using up the dissolved oxygen
i
n
t
he
sediment

38
38
38
38 interior
interior
interior
interior [
[
[
[
In5tIErIE
In5tIErIE
In5tIErIE
In5tIErIE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
部




政
adj
adj
adj
adj





侧

Modern architectural forms generally have three separate components comparable to
elements of the human body
a
s
upporting skeleton or frame
a
n
ou
ter skin enclosing the
interior spaces equipment similar to the body
’
s
v
ital organs and systems

38
38
38
38 engines
engines
engines
engines
（
engine[
engine[
engine[
engine[
5endVIn
5endVIn
5endVIn
5endVIn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
引擎
18
18
18
18 engineering
engineering
engineering
engineering n
n
n
n
工程

T
o
pr
ovide evidence that airplane engine have studied the design of fish bodies

38
38
38
38 electricity
electricity
electricity
electricity [
[
[
[
Ilek5trIsItI
Ilek5trIsItI
Ilek5trIsItI
Ilek5trIsItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
电




电学




电流
15
15
15
15 electrical
electrical
electrical
electrical [
[
[
[
I5lektrIk(E)l
I5lektrIk(E)l
I5lektrIk(E)l
I5lektrIk(E)l
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
电关




电
13
13
13
13 electric
electric
electric
electric [
[
[
[
I5lektrIk
I5lektrIk
I5lektrIk
I5lektrIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
导电




电动

In 1994 there were nearly 20000 wind turbines worldwide most grouped
i
n
c
lusters
called wind farms that collectively produced 3000 megawatts of electricity

38
38
38
38 deposits
deposits
deposits
deposits
（
deposit[
deposit[
deposit[
deposit[
dI5pDzIt
dI5pDzIt
dI5pDzIt
dI5pDzIt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
存款




堆积物
3
3
3
3 deposition
deposition
deposition
deposition [
[
[
[
7depE5zIFEn di
7depE5zIFEn di
7depE5zIFEn di
7depE5zIFEn di
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
罢免




宣誓作证

Continued sedimentation—the process of deposits
’
s
ettling
o
n
t
he sea bottom—buries
the organic matter and subjects
i
t
t
o higher temperatures and pressures which convert
the organic matter to
o
il
a
nd gas

38
38
38
38 crows
crows
crows
crows
（
crow[
crow[
crow[
crow[
krEJ
krEJ
krEJ
krEJ
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
乌鸦欢呼声
v

v
v
v
啼




报
晓

On the other hand when
i
t
c
omes to substantiveparticularly behavioralinformation
crows are less well known than many comparably common species and for that matter
not
a
f
ew quite uncommon ones the endangered California condor to cite one obvious
example

38
38
38
38 continue
continue
continue
continue [
[
[
[
kEn5tInju
kEn5tInju
kEn5tInju
kEn5tInju
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
继
续




延长
15
15
15
15 continuous
continuous
continuous
continuous [
[
[
[
kEn5tInjJEs
kEn5tInjJEs
kEn5tInjJEs
kEn5tInjJEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
连续




连续断
4
4
4
4 continuum
continuum
continuum
continuum [
[
[
[
kEn5tInjJEm
kEn5tInjJEm
kEn5tInjJEm
kEn5tInjJEm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
连续
3
3
3
3 continuity
continuity
continuity
continuity [
[
[
[
7kDntI5njJ()ItI
7kDntI5njJ()ItI
7kDntI5njJ()ItI
7kDntI5njJ()ItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
连续性

Later
o
n
i
n
t
he early years of the nineteenth century when Fort Vancouver became the
headquarters of the Hudson＇s Bay Company deer populations continued to fluctuate

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
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38
38
38
38 cells
cells
cells
cells
（
cell[
cell[
cell[
cell[
sel
sel
sel
sel
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
单元




电池
6
6
6
6 celled
celled
celled
celled adj
adj
adj
adj
含某种干细胞

Backup power could also be provided by linking wind farms with
a
s
olar cell with
conventional or pumpedstorage hydropower or with efficient naturalgasburning
turbines

38
38
38
38 attract
attract
attract
attract [
[
[
[
E5trAkt
E5trAkt
E5trAkt
E5trAkt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
引
起
24
24
24
24 attractive
attractive
attractive
attractive [
[
[
[
E5trAktIv
E5trAktIv
E5trAktIv
E5trAktIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
吸引
6
6
6
6 attraction
attraction
attraction
attraction [
[
[
[
E5trAkFEn
E5trAkFEn
E5trAkFEn
E5trAkFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
吸引

Whigs were able to attract support only
i
n
t
he wealthiest parts of the economy because
Democrats dominated
i
n
ot
her areas

37
37
37
37 private
private
private
private [
[
[
[
5praIvIt
5praIvIt
5praIvIt
5praIvIt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
私




私立

Early cinema allowed individuals to use special machines to view films privately

37
37
37
37 physical
physical
physical
physical [
[
[
[
5fIzIkEl
5fIzIkEl
5fIzIkEl
5fIzIkEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
身体




然




物质
n
n
n
n
体格检查
6
6
6
6 physicists
physicists
physicists
physicists
（
physicist[
physicist[
physicist[
physicist[
5fIzIsIst
5fIzIsIst
5fIzIsIst
5fIzIsIst
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
物理学者

Sensitivity to physical laws is thus
a
n
i
mportant consideration for the maker of
appliedart objects

37
37
37
37 gathering
gathering
gathering
gathering
（
gather[
gather[
gather[
gather[
5^ATE
5^ATE
5^ATE
5^ATE
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

聚集

Four specific activities have been identified as major contributors to the desertificatio
n
pr
ocesses overcultivation overgrazing firewood gathering and overirrigation
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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：
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师
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：
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
19
19
19
19
38
38
38
38 oxyge
n
oxygen
oxygen
oxygen [
[
[
[
5DksIdVEn
5DksIdVEn
5DksIdVEn
5DksIdVEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
氧

The organic matter may partially decompose using up the dissolved oxygen
i
n
t
he
sediment

38
38
38
38 interior
interior
interior
interior [
[
[
[
In5tIErIE
In5tIErIE
In5tIErIE
In5tIErIE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
部




政
adj
adj
adj
adj





侧

Modern architectural forms generally have three separate components comparable to
elements of the human body
a
s
upporting skeleton or frame
a
n
ou
ter skin enclosing the
interior spaces equipment similar to the body
’
s
v
ital organs and systems

38
38
38
38 engines
engines
engines
engines
（
engine[
engine[
engine[
engine[
5endVIn
5endVIn
5endVIn
5endVIn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
引擎
18
18
18
18 engineering
engineering
engineering
engineering n
n
n
n
工程

T
o
pr
ovide evidence that airplane engine have studied the design of fish bodies

38
38
38
38 electricity
electricity
electricity
electricity [
[
[
[
Ilek5trIsItI
Ilek5trIsItI
Ilek5trIsItI
Ilek5trIsItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
电




电学




电流
15
15
15
15 electrical
electrical
electrical
electrical [
[
[
[
I5lektrIk(E)l
I5lektrIk(E)l
I5lektrIk(E)l
I5lektrIk(E)l
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
电关




电
13
13
13
13 electric
electric
electric
electric [
[
[
[
I5lektrIk
I5lektrIk
I5lektrIk
I5lektrIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
导电




电动

In 1994 there were nearly 20000 wind turbines worldwide most grouped
i
n
c
lusters
called wind farms that collectively produced 3000 megawatts of electricity

38
38
38
38 deposits
deposits
deposits
deposits
（
deposit[
deposit[
deposit[
deposit[
dI5pDzIt
dI5pDzIt
dI5pDzIt
dI5pDzIt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
存款




堆积物
3
3
3
3 deposition
deposition
deposition
deposition [
[
[
[
7depE5zIFEn di
7depE5zIFEn di
7depE5zIFEn di
7depE5zIFEn di
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
罢免




宣誓作证

Continued sedimentation—the process of deposits
’
s
ettling
o
n
t
he sea bottom—buries
the organic matter and subjects
i
t
t
o higher temperatures and pressures which convert
the organic matter to
o
il
a
nd gas

38
38
38
38 crows
crows
crows
crows
（
crow[
crow[
crow[
crow[
krEJ
krEJ
krEJ
krEJ
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
乌鸦欢呼声
v

v
v
v
啼




报
晓

On the other hand when
i
t
c
omes to substantiveparticularly behavioralinformation
crows are less well known than many comparably common species and for that matter
not
a
f
ew quite uncommon ones the endangered California condor to cite one obvious
example

38
38
38
38 continue
continue
continue
continue [
[
[
[
kEn5tInju
kEn5tInju
kEn5tInju
kEn5tInju
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
继
续




延长
15
15
15
15 continuous
continuous
continuous
continuous [
[
[
[
kEn5tInjJEs
kEn5tInjJEs
kEn5tInjJEs
kEn5tInjJEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
连续




连续断
4
4
4
4 continuum
continuum
continuum
continuum [
[
[
[
kEn5tInjJEm
kEn5tInjJEm
kEn5tInjJEm
kEn5tInjJEm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
连续
3
3
3
3 continuity
continuity
continuity
continuity [
[
[
[
7kDntI5njJ()ItI
7kDntI5njJ()ItI
7kDntI5njJ()ItI
7kDntI5njJ()ItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
连续性

Later
o
n
i
n
t
he early years of the nineteenth century when Fort Vancouver became the
headquarters of the Hudson＇s Bay Company deer populations continued to fluctuate

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
38
38
38
38 cells
cells
cells
cells
（
cell[
cell[
cell[
cell[
sel
sel
sel
sel
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
单元




电池
6
6
6
6 celled
celled
celled
celled adj
adj
adj
adj
含某种干细胞

Backup power could also be provided by linking wind farms with
a
s
olar cell with
conventional or pumpedstorage hydropower or with efficient naturalgasburning
turbines

38
38
38
38 attract
attract
attract
attract [
[
[
[
E5trAkt
E5trAkt
E5trAkt
E5trAkt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
引
起
24
24
24
24 attractive
attractive
attractive
attractive [
[
[
[
E5trAktIv
E5trAktIv
E5trAktIv
E5trAktIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
吸引
6
6
6
6 attraction
attraction
attraction
attraction [
[
[
[
E5trAkFEn
E5trAkFEn
E5trAkFEn
E5trAkFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
吸引

Whigs were able to attract support only
i
n
t
he wealthiest parts of the economy because
Democrats dominated
i
n
ot
her areas

37
37
37
37 private
private
private
private [
[
[
[
5praIvIt
5praIvIt
5praIvIt
5praIvIt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
私




私立

Early cinema allowed individuals to use special machines to view films privately

37
37
37
37 physical
physical
physical
physical [
[
[
[
5fIzIkEl
5fIzIkEl
5fIzIkEl
5fIzIkEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
身体




然




物质
n
n
n
n
体格检查
6
6
6
6 physicists
physicists
physicists
physicists
（
physicist[
physicist[
physicist[
physicist[
5fIzIsIst
5fIzIsIst
5fIzIsIst
5fIzIsIst
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
物理学者

Sensitivity to physical laws is thus
a
n
i
mportant consideration for the maker of
appliedart objects

37
37
37
37 gathering
gathering
gathering
gathering
（
gather[
gather[
gather[
gather[
5^ATE
5^ATE
5^ATE
5^ATE
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

聚集

Four specific activities have been identified as major contributors to the desertificatio
n
pr
ocesses overcultivation overgrazing firewood gathering and overirrigation
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
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：
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师
Blog
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：
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
20
20
20
20
老
师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
37
37
37
37 dyes
dyes
dyes
dyes
（
dye[
dye[
dye[
dye[
daI
daI
daI
daI
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
染料




染色
v

v
v
v
染




染
色

Petrochemicals such as dyes fertilizer and plastic are also manufactured from the
petroleum

37
37
37
37 decline
decline
decline
decline [
[
[
[
dI5klaIn
dI5klaIn
dI5klaIn
dI5klaIn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
降




衰退
v

v
v
v

降




跌

Partly this decline reflected the low level of births during the depression and the war
but
i
t
w
as also caused by changes
i
n
C
anadian society

37
37
37
37 consisting
consisting
consisting
consisting
（
consist[
consist[
consist[
consist[
kEn5sIst
kEn5sIst
kEn5sIst
kEn5sIst
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
组
成




构成
15
15
15
15 consistent
consistent
consistent
consistent [
[
[
[
kEn5sIstEnt
kEn5sIstEnt
kEn5sIstEnt
kEn5sIstEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
致




立

The total volume of water
i
n
t
he saturated sample must therefore be thought of as
consisting of water that can and water that cannot drain away

36
36
36
36 tunas
tunas
tunas
tunas [
[
[
[
5tjunEz
5tjunEz
5tjunEz
5tjunEz
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
金枪鱼

Because they are always swimming tunas simply have to open their mouths and water
is forced
i
n
a
nd over their gills

36
36
36
36 responses
responses
responses
responses
（
response[
response[
response[
response[
rIs5pDns
rIs5pDns
rIs5pDns
rIs5pDns
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
反应




响应

The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions when asked how they would
respond if they were the characters
i
n
s
tories that called for basic emotional responses

36
36
36
36 s
pecific
specific
specific
specific [
[
[
[
spI5sIfIk
spI5sIfIk
spI5sIfIk
spI5sIfIk
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
特性
adj
adj
adj
adj
特殊




明确
3
3
3
3 specifically
specifically
specifically
specifically [
[
[
[
spI5sIfIkElI
spI5sIfIkElI
spI5sIfIkElI
spI5sIfIkElI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
特




具体

Plant communities assemble themselves flexibly and their particular structure
depends
o
n
t
he specific history of the area

36
36
36
36 promote
promote
promote
promote [
[
[
[
prE5mEJt
prE5mEJt
prE5mEJt
prE5mEJt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
晋
升




促进
5
5
5
5 promotion
promotion
promotion
promotion [
[
[
[
prE5mEJFEn
prE5mEJFEn
prE5mEJFEn
prE5mEJFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
晋级




增进

The killing of birds of prey by wind turbines has pitted environmentalists who
champion wildlife protection against environmentalists who promote renewable wind
energy

36
36
36
36 audience
audience
audience
audience [
[
[
[
5CdjEns
5CdjEns
5CdjEns
5CdjEns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
观众




听众

They not only hide the real face of the mask wearer but they often evoke powerful
emotions
i
n
t
he audienceanger fear sadness joy

36
36
36
36 acorns
acorns
acorns
acorns
（
acorn[
acorn[
acorn[
acorn[
5eIkCn
5eIkCn
5eIkCn
5eIkCn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
橡树果

Although oaks produce thousands of acorns the investment
i
n
a
c
rop of acorns is
small compared with the energy spent
o
n
bui
lding leaves trunk and roots

35
35
35
35 traditional
traditional
traditional
traditional [
[
[
[
trE5dIFEn(E)l
trE5dIFEn(E)l
trE5dIFEn(E)l
trE5dIFEn(E)l
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
传统
28
28
28
28 tradition
tradition
tradition
tradition [
[
[
[
trE5dIFEn
trE5dIFEn
trE5dIFEn
trE5dIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
传统




惯例

If
a
pot ha
s no bottom or has large openings
i
n
i
ts sides
i
t
c
ould hardly be considered
a
c
ontainer
i
n
a
ny traditional sense

35
35
35
35 stability
stability
stability
stability [
[
[
[
stE5bIlItI
stE5bIlItI
stE5bIlItI
stE5bIlItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
稳定




稳定性

In the years following 1820 after several decades of relative stability the economy
entered
a
pe
riod of sustained and extremely rapid growth that continued to the end of
the nineteenth century

35
35
35
35 spot
spot
spot
spot [
[
[
[
spDt
spDt
spDt
spDt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
斑点




斑块
v

v
v
v
点
缀




认出

The pale smooth desert plain provides
a
pe
rfect backdrop for spotting meteorites
which are usually dark brown of black

35
35
35
35 sculptors
sculptors
sculptors
sculptors
（
sculptor[
sculptor[
sculptor[
sculptor[
`skQlptE(r)
`skQlptE(r)
`skQlptE(r)
`skQlptE(r)
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
雕刻家

He urged musicians to follow the example of the sculptors painters architects and
scholars who had rediscovered ancient art and literature

35
35
35
35 obtained
obtained
obtained
obtained
（
obtain[
obtain[
obtain[
obtain[
Eb5teIn
Eb5teIn
Eb5teIn
Eb5teIn
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v






获

Blues were obtained from indigo which was widely
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
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：
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英语前线
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师
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留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
20
20
20
20
老
师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
37
37
37
37 dyes
dyes
dyes
dyes
（
dye[
dye[
dye[
dye[
daI
daI
daI
daI
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
染料




染色
v

v
v
v
染




染
色

Petrochemicals such as dyes fertilizer and plastic are also manufactured from the
petroleum

37
37
37
37 decline
decline
decline
decline [
[
[
[
dI5klaIn
dI5klaIn
dI5klaIn
dI5klaIn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
降




衰退
v

v
v
v

降




跌

Partly this decline reflected the low level of births during the depression and the war
but
i
t
w
as also caused by changes
i
n
C
anadian society

37
37
37
37 consisting
consisting
consisting
consisting
（
consist[
consist[
consist[
consist[
kEn5sIst
kEn5sIst
kEn5sIst
kEn5sIst
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
组
成




构成
15
15
15
15 consistent
consistent
consistent
consistent [
[
[
[
kEn5sIstEnt
kEn5sIstEnt
kEn5sIstEnt
kEn5sIstEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
致




立

The total volume of water
i
n
t
he saturated sample must therefore be thought of as
consisting of water that can and water that cannot drain away

36
36
36
36 tunas
tunas
tunas
tunas [
[
[
[
5tjunEz
5tjunEz
5tjunEz
5tjunEz
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
金枪鱼

Because they are always swimming tunas simply have to open their mouths and water
is forced
i
n
a
nd over their gills

36
36
36
36 responses
responses
responses
responses
（
response[
response[
response[
response[
rIs5pDns
rIs5pDns
rIs5pDns
rIs5pDns
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
反应




响应

The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions when asked how they would
respond if they were the characters
i
n
s
tories that called for basic emotional responses

36
36
36
36 s
pecific
specific
specific
specific [
[
[
[
spI5sIfIk
spI5sIfIk
spI5sIfIk
spI5sIfIk
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
特性
adj
adj
adj
adj
特殊




明确
3
3
3
3 specifically
specifically
specifically
specifically [
[
[
[
spI5sIfIkElI
spI5sIfIkElI
spI5sIfIkElI
spI5sIfIkElI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
特




具体

Plant communities assemble themselves flexibly and their particular structure
depends
o
n
t
he specific history of the area

36
36
36
36 promote
promote
promote
promote [
[
[
[
prE5mEJt
prE5mEJt
prE5mEJt
prE5mEJt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
晋
升




促进
5
5
5
5 promotion
promotion
promotion
promotion [
[
[
[
prE5mEJFEn
prE5mEJFEn
prE5mEJFEn
prE5mEJFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
晋级




增进

The killing of birds of prey by wind turbines has pitted environmentalists who
champion wildlife protection against environmentalists who promote renewable wind
energy

36
36
36
36 audience
audience
audience
audience [
[
[
[
5CdjEns
5CdjEns
5CdjEns
5CdjEns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
观众




听众

They not only hide the real face of the mask wearer but they often evoke powerful
emotions
i
n
t
he audienceanger fear sadness joy

36
36
36
36 acorns
acorns
acorns
acorns
（
acorn[
acorn[
acorn[
acorn[
5eIkCn
5eIkCn
5eIkCn
5eIkCn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
橡树果

Although oaks produce thousands of acorns the investment
i
n
a
c
rop of acorns is
small compared with the energy spent
o
n
bui
lding leaves trunk and roots

35
35
35
35 traditional
traditional
traditional
traditional [
[
[
[
trE5dIFEn(E)l
trE5dIFEn(E)l
trE5dIFEn(E)l
trE5dIFEn(E)l
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
传统
28
28
28
28 tradition
tradition
tradition
tradition [
[
[
[
trE5dIFEn
trE5dIFEn
trE5dIFEn
trE5dIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
传统




惯例

If
a
pot ha
s no bottom or has large openings
i
n
i
ts sides
i
t
c
ould hardly be considered
a
c
ontainer
i
n
a
ny traditional sense

35
35
35
35 stability
stability
stability
stability [
[
[
[
stE5bIlItI
stE5bIlItI
stE5bIlItI
stE5bIlItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
稳定




稳定性

In the years following 1820 after several decades of relative stability the economy
entered
a
pe
riod of sustained and extremely rapid growth that continued to the end of
the nineteenth century

35
35
35
35 spot
spot
spot
spot [
[
[
[
spDt
spDt
spDt
spDt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
斑点




斑块
v

v
v
v
点
缀




认出

The pale smooth desert plain provides
a
pe
rfect backdrop for spotting meteorites
which are usually dark brown of black

35
35
35
35 sculptors
sculptors
sculptors
sculptors
（
sculptor[
sculptor[
sculptor[
sculptor[
`skQlptE(r)
`skQlptE(r)
`skQlptE(r)
`skQlptE(r)
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
雕刻家

He urged musicians to follow the example of the sculptors painters architects and
scholars who had rediscovered ancient art and literature

35
35
35
35 obtained
obtained
obtained
obtained
（
obtain[
obtain[
obtain[
obtain[
Eb5teIn
Eb5teIn
Eb5teIn
Eb5teIn
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v






获

Blues were obtained from indigo which was widely
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
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Blog
：
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
21
21
21
21
35
35
35
35 n
itrogen
nitrogen
nitrogen
nitrogen [
[
[
[
5naItrEdVEn
5naItrEdVEn
5naItrEdVEn
5naItrEdVEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
氮

The Earth＇s atmosphere by comparison is mainly nitrogen with
a
f
air amount 5 of
oxygen as well

35
35
35
35 melting
melting
melting
melting
（
melt[
melt[
melt[
melt[
melt
melt
melt
melt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
融
化




溶化

The resulting internal heat keeps what would otherwise be ice melted almost to the
surface

35
35
35
35 landscape
landscape
landscape
landscape [
[
[
[
5lAndskeIp
5lAndskeIp
5lAndskeIp
5lAndskeIp
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
风景




容貌

Los Angeles was
a
de
centralized metropolis sprawling across the desert landscape
over
a
n
a
rea of 400 square miles

35
35
35
35 evolution
evolution
evolution
evolution [
[
[
[
7ivE5luFEn 7evE
7ivE5luFEn 7evE
7ivE5luFEn 7evE
7ivE5luFEn 7evE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
进化




进展
16
16
16
16 evolutionary
evolutionary
evolutionary
evolutionary [
[
[
[
9ivE`lUFEnErI
9ivE`lUFEnErI
9ivE`lUFEnErI
9ivE`lUFEnErI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
发展




渐进

They are
a
n
e
xample of
a
c
ommon theme
i
n
e
volution the more or less parallel
development of different types of body structure and function for the same reasonin
this case for flight

35
35
35
35 eventually
eventually
eventually
eventually [
[
[
[
I5ventjJElI
I5ventjJElI
I5ventjJElI
I5ventjJElI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv





终

The earliest pterosaurs arose near the end of the Triassic period of the Mesozoic Era
some 70 million years before the first known fossils of true birds occur and they
presumably dominated the skies until they were eventually displaced by birds

35
35
35
35 distinguished
distinguished
distinguished
distinguished
（
distinguish[
distinguish[
distinguish[
distinguish[
dIs5tIN^wIF
dIs5tIN^wIF
dIs5tIN^wIF
dIs5tIN^wIF
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
区





辨认出

Still the proclivity to play hot distinguished the jazz musician from other
instrumentalists

35
35
35
35 core
core
core
core [
[
[
[
kC
kC
kC
kC
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
争核心




果心

Their composition is thought to he similar to that of Earth＇s iron core and indeed they
might have once made up the core of
a
l
arge planetoid that disintegrated long ago

35
35
35
35 composed
composed
composed
composed
（
compose[
compose[
compose[
compose[
kEm5pEJz
kEm5pEJz
kEm5pEJz
kEm5pEJz
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
组
成




作曲
30
30
30
30 composition
composition
composition
composition [
[
[
[
kDmpE5zIFEn
kDmpE5zIFEn
kDmpE5zIFEn
kDmpE5zIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
写作




作品
16
16
16
16 composers
composers
composers
composers
（
composer[
composer[
composer[
composer[
kDm5pEJzE
kDm5pEJzE
kDm5pEJzE
kDm5pEJzE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
作曲家




设计者

They are composed of iron and nickel along with sulfur carbon and traces of other
elements

老师
Blog
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34
34
34
34 volcanic
volcanic
volcanic
volcanic [
[
[
[
vDl5kAnIk
vDl5kAnIk
vDl5kAnIk
vDl5kAnIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
火山
10
10
10
10 volcanoes
volcanoes
volcanoes
volcanoes
（
volcano[
volcano[
volcano[
volcano[
vDl5keInEJ
vDl5keInEJ
vDl5keInEJ
vDl5keInEJ
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
火山

These hominids walked across
a
s
tretch of moist volcanic ash which was subsequently
turned to mud by rain and which then set like concrete

34
34
34
34 vast
vast
vast
vast [
[
[
[
vBst
vBst
vBst
vBst
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
巨




非常

When heated the mixture becomes soft and malleable and can be formed by various
techniques into
a
v
ast array of shapes and sizes

34
34
34
34 trail
trail
trail
trail [
[
[
[
treIl
treIl
treIl
treIl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
痕迹




足迹

When
a
bl
oodhound trails
a
hum
an being what does
i
t
a
ctually smell The human
body which consists of about 60 trillion living cells sheds exposed skin at
a
r
ate of 50
million cells
a
da
y

34
34
34
34 renaissance
renaissance
renaissance
renaissance [
[
[
[
rE5neIsEns
rE5neIsEns
rE5neIsEns
rE5neIsEns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
复活




文艺复兴

The Harlem Renaissance
a
m
ovement of the 1920
’
s
marked the twentieth century＇s
first period of intense activity by African Americans
i
n
t
he field of literature art and
music
i
n
t
he United States

34
34
34
34 religious
religious
religious
religious [
[
[
[
rI5lIdVEs
rI5lIdVEs
rI5lIdVEs
rI5lIdVEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
宗教性
9
9
9
9 religion
religion
religion
religion [
[
[
[
rI5lIdVEn
rI5lIdVEn
rI5lIdVEn
rI5lIdVEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
宗教




宗教团体

The eighteenth century had seen
a
gr
adual shift away from the spiritual intensity of
earlier American religious writings for children toward
a
m
ore generalized moralism

老
师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
34
34
34
34 reactions
reactions
reactions
reactions
（
reaction[
reaction[
reaction[
reaction[
rI()5AkFEn
rI()5AkFEn
rI()5AkFEn
rI()5AkFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
反应老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
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词汇红宝书
21
21
21
21
35
35
35
35 n
itrogen
nitrogen
nitrogen
nitrogen [
[
[
[
5naItrEdVEn
5naItrEdVEn
5naItrEdVEn
5naItrEdVEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
氮

The Earth＇s atmosphere by comparison is mainly nitrogen with
a
f
air amount 5 of
oxygen as well

35
35
35
35 melting
melting
melting
melting
（
melt[
melt[
melt[
melt[
melt
melt
melt
melt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
融
化




溶化

The resulting internal heat keeps what would otherwise be ice melted almost to the
surface

35
35
35
35 landscape
landscape
landscape
landscape [
[
[
[
5lAndskeIp
5lAndskeIp
5lAndskeIp
5lAndskeIp
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
风景




容貌

Los Angeles was
a
de
centralized metropolis sprawling across the desert landscape
over
a
n
a
rea of 400 square miles

35
35
35
35 evolution
evolution
evolution
evolution [
[
[
[
7ivE5luFEn 7evE
7ivE5luFEn 7evE
7ivE5luFEn 7evE
7ivE5luFEn 7evE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
进化




进展
16
16
16
16 evolutionary
evolutionary
evolutionary
evolutionary [
[
[
[
9ivE`lUFEnErI
9ivE`lUFEnErI
9ivE`lUFEnErI
9ivE`lUFEnErI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
发展




渐进

They are
a
n
e
xample of
a
c
ommon theme
i
n
e
volution the more or less parallel
development of different types of body structure and function for the same reasonin
this case for flight

35
35
35
35 eventually
eventually
eventually
eventually [
[
[
[
I5ventjJElI
I5ventjJElI
I5ventjJElI
I5ventjJElI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv





终

The earliest pterosaurs arose near the end of the Triassic period of the Mesozoic Era
some 70 million years before the first known fossils of true birds occur and they
presumably dominated the skies until they were eventually displaced by birds

35
35
35
35 distinguished
distinguished
distinguished
distinguished
（
distinguish[
distinguish[
distinguish[
distinguish[
dIs5tIN^wIF
dIs5tIN^wIF
dIs5tIN^wIF
dIs5tIN^wIF
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
区





辨认出

Still the proclivity to play hot distinguished the jazz musician from other
instrumentalists

35
35
35
35 core
core
core
core [
[
[
[
kC
kC
kC
kC
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
争核心




果心

Their composition is thought to he similar to that of Earth＇s iron core and indeed they
might have once made up the core of
a
l
arge planetoid that disintegrated long ago

35
35
35
35 composed
composed
composed
composed
（
compose[
compose[
compose[
compose[
kEm5pEJz
kEm5pEJz
kEm5pEJz
kEm5pEJz
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
组
成




作曲
30
30
30
30 composition
composition
composition
composition [
[
[
[
kDmpE5zIFEn
kDmpE5zIFEn
kDmpE5zIFEn
kDmpE5zIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
写作




作品
16
16
16
16 composers
composers
composers
composers
（
composer[
composer[
composer[
composer[
kDm5pEJzE
kDm5pEJzE
kDm5pEJzE
kDm5pEJzE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
作曲家




设计者

They are composed of iron and nickel along with sulfur carbon and traces of other
elements

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34
34
34
34 volcanic
volcanic
volcanic
volcanic [
[
[
[
vDl5kAnIk
vDl5kAnIk
vDl5kAnIk
vDl5kAnIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
火山
10
10
10
10 volcanoes
volcanoes
volcanoes
volcanoes
（
volcano[
volcano[
volcano[
volcano[
vDl5keInEJ
vDl5keInEJ
vDl5keInEJ
vDl5keInEJ
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
火山

These hominids walked across
a
s
tretch of moist volcanic ash which was subsequently
turned to mud by rain and which then set like concrete

34
34
34
34 vast
vast
vast
vast [
[
[
[
vBst
vBst
vBst
vBst
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
巨




非常

When heated the mixture becomes soft and malleable and can be formed by various
techniques into
a
v
ast array of shapes and sizes

34
34
34
34 trail
trail
trail
trail [
[
[
[
treIl
treIl
treIl
treIl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
痕迹




足迹

When
a
bl
oodhound trails
a
hum
an being what does
i
t
a
ctually smell The human
body which consists of about 60 trillion living cells sheds exposed skin at
a
r
ate of 50
million cells
a
da
y

34
34
34
34 renaissance
renaissance
renaissance
renaissance [
[
[
[
rE5neIsEns
rE5neIsEns
rE5neIsEns
rE5neIsEns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
复活




文艺复兴

The Harlem Renaissance
a
m
ovement of the 1920
’
s
marked the twentieth century＇s
first period of intense activity by African Americans
i
n
t
he field of literature art and
music
i
n
t
he United States

34
34
34
34 religious
religious
religious
religious [
[
[
[
rI5lIdVEs
rI5lIdVEs
rI5lIdVEs
rI5lIdVEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
宗教性
9
9
9
9 religion
religion
religion
religion [
[
[
[
rI5lIdVEn
rI5lIdVEn
rI5lIdVEn
rI5lIdVEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
宗教




宗教团体

The eighteenth century had seen
a
gr
adual shift away from the spiritual intensity of
earlier American religious writings for children toward
a
m
ore generalized moralism

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34
34
34
34 reactions
reactions
reactions
reactions
（
reaction[
reaction[
reaction[
reaction[
rI()5AkFEn
rI()5AkFEn
rI()5AkFEn
rI()5AkFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
反应老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
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22
22
22
22
9
9
9
9 r
eact
react
react
react [
[
[
[
rI5Akt
rI5Akt
rI5Akt
rI5Akt
]v
]v
]v
]v





做出反应

As the children＇s book market expanded then what both public and publishers wanted
was the kind of fiction Maria Edgeworth wrote stories interesting enough to attract
children and morally instructive enough to allay adult distrust of fiction American
reaction against imported books for children set
i
n
a
fter the War of 1812 with the
British

34
34
34
34 petroleum
petroleum
petroleum
petroleum [
[
[
[
pI5trEJlIEm
pI5trEJlIEm
pI5trEJlIEm
pI5trEJlIEm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
石油

Oil is formed when organic material trapped
i
n
s
ediments is slowly buried and
subjected to increased temperatures and pressures transforming
i
t
i
nto petroleum

34
34
34
34 observations
observations
observations
observations
（
observation[
observation[
observation[
observation[
7Ebz＼5veIFEn
7Ebz＼5veIFEn
7Ebz＼5veIFEn
7Ebz＼5veIFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
观察

A
us
eful theory
i
n
a
ddition to explaining past observations helps to predict events that
have not as yet been observed

34
34
34
34 oak
oak
oak
oak [
[
[
[
EJk
EJk
EJk
EJk
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
橡树

An oak tree is
a
good e
xample of
a
c
ompetitor

34
34
34
34 normally
normally
normally
normally [
[
[
[
5nCmElI
5nCmElI
5nCmElI
5nCmElI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
正规




正常

Normally the remains of
a
pl
ant or animal are completely destroyed through predatio
n
a
nd decay

34
34
34
34 focus
focus
focus
focus [
[
[
[
5fEJkEs
5fEJkEs
5fEJkEs
5fEJkEs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
焦点




中心




v

v
v
v

聚焦聚焦

These writers called naturalists often focused
o
n
e
conomic hardship studying people
struggling with poverty and other aspects of urban and industrial life

34
34
34
34 flight
flight
flight
flight [
[
[
[
flaIt
flaIt
flaIt
flaIt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
飞行




飞跃

Needless to
s
ay
e
ach short run between flight attempts is directed away from the
nest

34
34
34
34 feathers
feathers
feathers
feathers
（
feather[
feather[
feather[
feather[
5feTE
5feTE
5feTE
5feTE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
羽毛

By the mid1870＇s however the best glass fibers were finer than silk and could be
woven into fabrics or assembled into imitation ostrich feathers to decorate hats

34
34
34
34 evolved
evolved
evolved
evolved
（
evolve[
evolve[
evolve[
evolve[
I5vDlv
I5vDlv
I5vDlv
I5vDlv
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
逐
渐形成进化

Birds despite sharing common reptilian ancestors with pterosaurs evolved quite
separately and have been much more successful
i
n
t
heir dominance of the air

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34
34
34
34 estimated
estimated
estimated
estimated
（
estimate[
estimate[
estimate[
estimate[
5estImeIt
5estImeIt
5estImeIt
5estImeIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
估
计

In NorthAmerica potash making quickly became
a
n
a
djunct to the clearing of land for
agriculture for
i
t
w
as estimated that as much as half the cost of clearing land could be
recovered by the sale of potash

34
34
34
34 crust
crust
crust
crust [
[
[
[
krQst
krQst
krQst
krQst
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
壳外壳
4
4
4
4 crustal
crustal
crustal
crustal adj
adj
adj
adj
壳

Normally slow cooling occurs when the crust is invaded by magma that remains
buried well below the surface

34
34
34
34 conflict
conflict
conflict
conflict [
[
[
[
5kDnflIkt
5kDnflIkt
5kDnflIkt
5kDnflIkt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
突




矛盾
v

v
v
v
矛
盾




突

Expressive leader are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with
providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and
conflict among them
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
22
22
22
22
9
9
9
9 r
eact
react
react
react [
[
[
[
rI5Akt
rI5Akt
rI5Akt
rI5Akt
]v
]v
]v
]v





做出反应

As the children＇s book market expanded then what both public and publishers wanted
was the kind of fiction Maria Edgeworth wrote stories interesting enough to attract
children and morally instructive enough to allay adult distrust of fiction American
reaction against imported books for children set
i
n
a
fter the War of 1812 with the
British

34
34
34
34 petroleum
petroleum
petroleum
petroleum [
[
[
[
pI5trEJlIEm
pI5trEJlIEm
pI5trEJlIEm
pI5trEJlIEm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
石油

Oil is formed when organic material trapped
i
n
s
ediments is slowly buried and
subjected to increased temperatures and pressures transforming
i
t
i
nto petroleum

34
34
34
34 observations
observations
observations
observations
（
observation[
observation[
observation[
observation[
7Ebz＼5veIFEn
7Ebz＼5veIFEn
7Ebz＼5veIFEn
7Ebz＼5veIFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
观察

A
us
eful theory
i
n
a
ddition to explaining past observations helps to predict events that
have not as yet been observed

34
34
34
34 oak
oak
oak
oak [
[
[
[
EJk
EJk
EJk
EJk
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
橡树

An oak tree is
a
good e
xample of
a
c
ompetitor

34
34
34
34 normally
normally
normally
normally [
[
[
[
5nCmElI
5nCmElI
5nCmElI
5nCmElI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
正规




正常

Normally the remains of
a
pl
ant or animal are completely destroyed through predatio
n
a
nd decay

34
34
34
34 focus
focus
focus
focus [
[
[
[
5fEJkEs
5fEJkEs
5fEJkEs
5fEJkEs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
焦点




中心




v

v
v
v

聚焦聚焦

These writers called naturalists often focused
o
n
e
conomic hardship studying people
struggling with poverty and other aspects of urban and industrial life

34
34
34
34 flight
flight
flight
flight [
[
[
[
flaIt
flaIt
flaIt
flaIt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
飞行




飞跃

Needless to
s
ay
e
ach short run between flight attempts is directed away from the
nest

34
34
34
34 feathers
feathers
feathers
feathers
（
feather[
feather[
feather[
feather[
5feTE
5feTE
5feTE
5feTE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
羽毛

By the mid1870＇s however the best glass fibers were finer than silk and could be
woven into fabrics or assembled into imitation ostrich feathers to decorate hats

34
34
34
34 evolved
evolved
evolved
evolved
（
evolve[
evolve[
evolve[
evolve[
I5vDlv
I5vDlv
I5vDlv
I5vDlv
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
逐
渐形成进化

Birds despite sharing common reptilian ancestors with pterosaurs evolved quite
separately and have been much more successful
i
n
t
heir dominance of the air

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
34
34
34
34 estimated
estimated
estimated
estimated
（
estimate[
estimate[
estimate[
estimate[
5estImeIt
5estImeIt
5estImeIt
5estImeIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
估
计

In NorthAmerica potash making quickly became
a
n
a
djunct to the clearing of land for
agriculture for
i
t
w
as estimated that as much as half the cost of clearing land could be
recovered by the sale of potash

34
34
34
34 crust
crust
crust
crust [
[
[
[
krQst
krQst
krQst
krQst
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
壳外壳
4
4
4
4 crustal
crustal
crustal
crustal adj
adj
adj
adj
壳

Normally slow cooling occurs when the crust is invaded by magma that remains
buried well below the surface

34
34
34
34 conflict
conflict
conflict
conflict [
[
[
[
5kDnflIkt
5kDnflIkt
5kDnflIkt
5kDnflIkt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
突




矛盾
v

v
v
v
矛
盾




突

Expressive leader are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with
providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and
conflict among them
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
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英语前线
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
23
23
23
23
L
ist
List
List
List 2
2
2
2
（第二天）
34
34
34
34 competing
competing
competing
competing
（
compete[
compete[
compete[
compete[
kEm5pit
kEm5pit
kEm5pit
kEm5pit
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

赛









竞争
27
27
27
27 competition
competition
competition
competition [
[
[
[
kDmpI5tIFEn
kDmpI5tIFEn
kDmpI5tIFEn
kDmpI5tIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
竞争




竞赛
20
20
20
20 competitors
competitors
competitors
competitors
（
competitor[
competitor[
competitor[
competitor[
kEm5petItE
kEm5petItE
kEm5petItE
kEm5petItE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
竞争者
19
19
19
19 competitive
competitive
competitive
competitive [
[
[
[
kEm5petItIv
kEm5petItIv
kEm5petItIv
kEm5petItIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
竞争

In any housing market rental prices perform three functions promoting the efficient
maintenance of existing housing and stimulating the construction of new housing
allocating existing scarce housing among competing claimants and rationing use of
existing housing by potential renters

34
34
34
34 combined
combined
combined
combined
（
combine[
combine[
combine[
combine[
kEm5baIn
kEm5baIn
kEm5baIn
kEm5baIn
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

结合混合
17
17
17
17 combination
combination
combination
combination [
[
[
[
7kDmbI5neIFEn
7kDmbI5neIFEn
7kDmbI5neIFEn
7kDmbI5neIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
结合联合

They were spurred by the inflation of the 1970＇s which combined with California＇s
rapid population growth pushed housing prices as well as rents to record levels

33
33
33
33 ritual
ritual
ritual
ritual [
[
[
[
5rItjJEl
5rItjJEl
5rItjJEl
5rItjJEl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
宗教仪式典礼
adj
adj
adj
adj
仪式

They functioned as sanctuaries where the elders met to plan festivals perform ritual
dances settle pueblo affairs and impart tribal lore to the younger generation

33
33
33
33 released
released
released
released
（
release[
release[
release[
release[
rI5lis
rI5lis
rI5lis
rI5lis
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
释放发行
v

v
v
v
释
放




解放

This impact released
a
n
e
normous amount of energy excavating
a
c
rater about twice as
large as the lunar crater Tycho

33
33
33
33 performance
performance
performance
performance [
[
[
[
pE5fCmEns
pE5fCmEns
pE5fCmEns
pE5fCmEns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
表现执行

But the movies differed significantly from these other forms of entertainment which
depended
o
n
e
ither live performance or (in the case of the slideandlantern shows) the
active involvement of
a
m
aster of ceremonies who assembled the final program

33
33
33
33 muscles
muscles
muscles
muscles
（
muscle[
muscle[
muscle[
muscle[
5mQsl
5mQsl
5mQsl
5mQsl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
肌肉

But when the emotion that leads to stiffening the lip is more intense and involve
strong muscle tension facial feedback may heighten emotional response

33
33
33
33 era
era
era
era [
[
[
[
5IErE
5IErE
5IErE
5IErE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
时代

The second era was initiated
i
n
t
he early decades of the twentieth century and might be
called the vitamin period

33
33
33
33 devices
devices
devices
devices
（
device[
device[
device[
device[
dI5vaIs
dI5vaIs
dI5vaIs
dI5vaIs
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
装置设计

Bands radio transmitters or other identifying devices can be attached to them but this
of course requires catching live crows who are among the wariest and most
untrappable of birds

33
33
33
33 decrease
decrease
decrease
decrease [
[
[
[
di5kris
di5kris
di5kris
di5kris
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
减




减
少

As the size of families decreased the roles of husband and wife became more clearly
differentiated than ever before

32
32
32
32 throughout
throughout
throughout
throughout [
[
[
[
WrJ()5aJt
WrJ()5aJt
WrJ()5aJt
WrJ()5aJt
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
处




始终
prep
prep
prep
prep
处

Another advantage is that unlike the National Endowment for the Arts or similar
institutions throughout the world there is no government money involved

老师
Blog
：
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32
32
32
32 standard
standard
standard
standard [
[
[
[
5stAndEd
5stAndEd
5stAndEd
5stAndEd
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
标准
adj
adj
adj
adj
标准

The standard criterion for the survival of
a
s
pecies is its success
i
n
c
ompeting with
other species and adapting to slowly changing environments

32
32
32
32 scale
scale
scale
scale [
[
[
[
skeIl
skeIl
skeIl
skeIl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
刻度天鳞

The same thing happens to this day though
o
n
a
s
maller scale wherever
a
s
ediment
laden river or stream emerges from
a
m
ountain valley onto relatively flat land dropping
its load as the current slows the water usually spreads out fanwise depositing the
sediment
i
n
t
he form of
a
s
mooth fanshaped slope

32
32
32
32 roots
roots
roots
roots
（
root[
root[
root[
root[
rut
rut
rut
rut
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
根
v

v
v
v
生
根老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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师
Blog
Blog
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Blog
：
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
23
23
23
23
L
ist
List
List
List 2
2
2
2
（第二天）
34
34
34
34 competing
competing
competing
competing
（
compete[
compete[
compete[
compete[
kEm5pit
kEm5pit
kEm5pit
kEm5pit
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

赛









竞争
27
27
27
27 competition
competition
competition
competition [
[
[
[
kDmpI5tIFEn
kDmpI5tIFEn
kDmpI5tIFEn
kDmpI5tIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
竞争




竞赛
20
20
20
20 competitors
competitors
competitors
competitors
（
competitor[
competitor[
competitor[
competitor[
kEm5petItE
kEm5petItE
kEm5petItE
kEm5petItE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
竞争者
19
19
19
19 competitive
competitive
competitive
competitive [
[
[
[
kEm5petItIv
kEm5petItIv
kEm5petItIv
kEm5petItIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
竞争

In any housing market rental prices perform three functions promoting the efficient
maintenance of existing housing and stimulating the construction of new housing
allocating existing scarce housing among competing claimants and rationing use of
existing housing by potential renters

34
34
34
34 combined
combined
combined
combined
（
combine[
combine[
combine[
combine[
kEm5baIn
kEm5baIn
kEm5baIn
kEm5baIn
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

结合混合
17
17
17
17 combination
combination
combination
combination [
[
[
[
7kDmbI5neIFEn
7kDmbI5neIFEn
7kDmbI5neIFEn
7kDmbI5neIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
结合联合

They were spurred by the inflation of the 1970＇s which combined with California＇s
rapid population growth pushed housing prices as well as rents to record levels

33
33
33
33 ritual
ritual
ritual
ritual [
[
[
[
5rItjJEl
5rItjJEl
5rItjJEl
5rItjJEl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
宗教仪式典礼
adj
adj
adj
adj
仪式

They functioned as sanctuaries where the elders met to plan festivals perform ritual
dances settle pueblo affairs and impart tribal lore to the younger generation

33
33
33
33 released
released
released
released
（
release[
release[
release[
release[
rI5lis
rI5lis
rI5lis
rI5lis
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
释放发行
v

v
v
v
释
放




解放

This impact released
a
n
e
normous amount of energy excavating
a
c
rater about twice as
large as the lunar crater Tycho

33
33
33
33 performance
performance
performance
performance [
[
[
[
pE5fCmEns
pE5fCmEns
pE5fCmEns
pE5fCmEns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
表现执行

But the movies differed significantly from these other forms of entertainment which
depended
o
n
e
ither live performance or (in the case of the slideandlantern shows) the
active involvement of
a
m
aster of ceremonies who assembled the final program

33
33
33
33 muscles
muscles
muscles
muscles
（
muscle[
muscle[
muscle[
muscle[
5mQsl
5mQsl
5mQsl
5mQsl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
肌肉

But when the emotion that leads to stiffening the lip is more intense and involve
strong muscle tension facial feedback may heighten emotional response

33
33
33
33 era
era
era
era [
[
[
[
5IErE
5IErE
5IErE
5IErE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
时代

The second era was initiated
i
n
t
he early decades of the twentieth century and might be
called the vitamin period

33
33
33
33 devices
devices
devices
devices
（
device[
device[
device[
device[
dI5vaIs
dI5vaIs
dI5vaIs
dI5vaIs
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
装置设计

Bands radio transmitters or other identifying devices can be attached to them but this
of course requires catching live crows who are among the wariest and most
untrappable of birds

33
33
33
33 decrease
decrease
decrease
decrease [
[
[
[
di5kris
di5kris
di5kris
di5kris
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
减




减
少

As the size of families decreased the roles of husband and wife became more clearly
differentiated than ever before

32
32
32
32 throughout
throughout
throughout
throughout [
[
[
[
WrJ()5aJt
WrJ()5aJt
WrJ()5aJt
WrJ()5aJt
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
处




始终
prep
prep
prep
prep
处

Another advantage is that unlike the National Endowment for the Arts or similar
institutions throughout the world there is no government money involved

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
32
32
32
32 standard
standard
standard
standard [
[
[
[
5stAndEd
5stAndEd
5stAndEd
5stAndEd
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
标准
adj
adj
adj
adj
标准

The standard criterion for the survival of
a
s
pecies is its success
i
n
c
ompeting with
other species and adapting to slowly changing environments

32
32
32
32 scale
scale
scale
scale [
[
[
[
skeIl
skeIl
skeIl
skeIl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
刻度天鳞

The same thing happens to this day though
o
n
a
s
maller scale wherever
a
s
ediment
laden river or stream emerges from
a
m
ountain valley onto relatively flat land dropping
its load as the current slows the water usually spreads out fanwise depositing the
sediment
i
n
t
he form of
a
s
mooth fanshaped slope

32
32
32
32 roots
roots
roots
roots
（
root[
root[
root[
root[
rut
rut
rut
rut
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
根
v

v
v
v
生
根老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
24
24
24
24

T
hey spend more energy
o
n
t
heir leaves trunks and roots than
o
n
t
heir acorns

32
32
32
32 practices
practices
practices
practices
（
practice[
practice[
practice[
practice[
5prAktIs
5prAktIs
5prAktIs
5prAktIs
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
练实行
v

v
v
v
实
践练

Besides overhunting at least three other kinds of effects have been suggested direct
competition imbalances between competing species of game animals and early
agricultural practices

32
32
32
32 philadelphia
philadelphia
philadelphia
philadelphia [
[
[
[
7fIlE5delfjE
7fIlE5delfjE
7fIlE5delfjE
7fIlE5delfjE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
费城
32
32
32
32 hydrogen
hydrogen
hydrogen
hydrogen [
[
[
[
5haIdrEJdVEn
5haIdrEJdVEn
5haIdrEJdVEn
5haIdrEJdVEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
氢

In the long run electricity from large wind farms
i
n
r
emote areas might be used to
make hydrogen gas from water during periods when there is less than peak demand for
electricity

32
32
32
32 dramatic
dramatic
dramatic
dramatic [
[
[
[
drE5mAtIk
drE5mAtIk
drE5mAtIk
drE5mAtIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
剧烈戏剧性
16
16
16
16 drama
drama
drama
drama [
[
[
[
5drBmE
5drBmE
5drBmE
5drBmE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
戏剧

Several other mass extinctions
i
n
t
he geological record have been tentatively identified
with large impacts but none is so dramatic as the Cretaceous event

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
32
32
32
32 display
display
display
display [
[
[
[
dI5spleI
dI5spleI
dI5spleI
dI5spleI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
显示
v

v
v
v
陈
列




显示

The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions when asked how they would
respond if they were the characters
i
n
s
tories that called for basic emotional responses

32
32
32
32 c
limax
climax
climax
climax [
[
[
[
5klaImAks
5klaImAks
5klaImAks
5klaImAks
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
高潮




极点

Ecologists are especially interested to know what factors contribute to the resilience of
communities because climax communities
a
ll
ov
er the world are being severely
damaged or destroyed by human activities

32
32
32
32 characters
characters
characters
characters
（
character[
character[
character[
character[
5kArIktE
5kArIktE
5kArIktE
5kArIktE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
性特点

It should be noted however that the pure opportunist or pure competitor is rare
i
n
na
ture as most species fall between the extremes of
a
c
ontinuum exhibiting
a
bl
end of
some opportunistic and some competitive characteristics

32
32
32
32 bottom
bottom
bottom
bottom [
[
[
[
5bDtEm
5bDtEm
5bDtEm
5bDtEm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
底




端
adj
adj
adj
adj


If
a
pot ha
s no bottom or has large openings
i
n
i
ts sides
i
t
c
ould hardly be considered
a
c
ontainer
i
n
a
ny traditional sense

32
32
32
32 biological
biological
biological
biological [
[
[
[
baIE5lDdVIkEl
baIE5lDdVIkEl
baIE5lDdVIkEl
baIE5lDdVIkEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
生物学
7
7
7
7 biologist
biologist
biologist
biologist [
[
[
[
baI5DlEdVIst
baI5DlEdVIst
baI5DlEdVIst
baI5DlEdVIst
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
生物学家
4
4
4
4 microbiologist
microbiologist
microbiologist
microbiologist n
n
n
n
微生物学家

An offshoot of the biological approach called sociobiology suggests that aggression i
s
na
tural and even desirable for people

32
32
32
32 aquifer
aquifer
aquifer
aquifer [
[
[
[
5AkwIfE
5AkwIfE
5AkwIfE
5AkwIfE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
含水土层




蓄水层

This aquifer was named the Ogallala aquifer after the Ogallala Sioux Indians who
once inhabited the region

老师
Blog
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31
31
31
31 tone
tone
tone
tone [
[
[
[
tEJn
tEJn
tEJn
tEJn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
音调




语调

A
pe
rson conveys thoughts and ideas through choice of words by
a
t
one of voice that
is pleasant or unpleasant gentle or harsh by the rhythm that is inherent within the
language itself and by speech rhythms that are flowing and regular or uneven and
hesitant and finally by the pitch and melody of the utterance

31
31
31
31 solar
solar
solar
solar [
[
[
[
5sEJlE
5sEJlE
5sEJlE
5sEJlE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
太阳太阳系日光

Among the most ancient bodies
i
n
t
he solar system are the carbonaceous chondrites
that also contain carbon compounds that might have been the precursors of life
o
n
E
arth

31
31
31
31 revolution
revolution
revolution
revolution [
[
[
[
7revE5luFEn
7revE5luFEn
7revE5luFEn
7revE5luFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
革命




旋转
3
3
3
3 revolutionary
revolutionary
revolutionary
revolutionary [
[
[
[
5revE5luFEnErI
5revE5luFEnErI
5revE5luFEnErI
5revE5luFEnErI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
革命




革命性

It appeared that Canada was once more falling
i
n
s
tep with the trend toward smaller
families that had occurred
a
ll
t
hrough the Western world since the time of the Industrial老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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：
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
24
24
24
24

T
hey spend more energy
o
n
t
heir leaves trunks and roots than
o
n
t
heir acorns

32
32
32
32 practices
practices
practices
practices
（
practice[
practice[
practice[
practice[
5prAktIs
5prAktIs
5prAktIs
5prAktIs
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
练实行
v

v
v
v
实
践练

Besides overhunting at least three other kinds of effects have been suggested direct
competition imbalances between competing species of game animals and early
agricultural practices

32
32
32
32 philadelphia
philadelphia
philadelphia
philadelphia [
[
[
[
7fIlE5delfjE
7fIlE5delfjE
7fIlE5delfjE
7fIlE5delfjE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
费城
32
32
32
32 hydrogen
hydrogen
hydrogen
hydrogen [
[
[
[
5haIdrEJdVEn
5haIdrEJdVEn
5haIdrEJdVEn
5haIdrEJdVEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
氢

In the long run electricity from large wind farms
i
n
r
emote areas might be used to
make hydrogen gas from water during periods when there is less than peak demand for
electricity

32
32
32
32 dramatic
dramatic
dramatic
dramatic [
[
[
[
drE5mAtIk
drE5mAtIk
drE5mAtIk
drE5mAtIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
剧烈戏剧性
16
16
16
16 drama
drama
drama
drama [
[
[
[
5drBmE
5drBmE
5drBmE
5drBmE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
戏剧

Several other mass extinctions
i
n
t
he geological record have been tentatively identified
with large impacts but none is so dramatic as the Cretaceous event

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
32
32
32
32 display
display
display
display [
[
[
[
dI5spleI
dI5spleI
dI5spleI
dI5spleI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
显示
v

v
v
v
陈
列




显示

The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions when asked how they would
respond if they were the characters
i
n
s
tories that called for basic emotional responses

32
32
32
32 c
limax
climax
climax
climax [
[
[
[
5klaImAks
5klaImAks
5klaImAks
5klaImAks
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
高潮




极点

Ecologists are especially interested to know what factors contribute to the resilience of
communities because climax communities
a
ll
ov
er the world are being severely
damaged or destroyed by human activities

32
32
32
32 characters
characters
characters
characters
（
character[
character[
character[
character[
5kArIktE
5kArIktE
5kArIktE
5kArIktE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
性特点

It should be noted however that the pure opportunist or pure competitor is rare
i
n
na
ture as most species fall between the extremes of
a
c
ontinuum exhibiting
a
bl
end of
some opportunistic and some competitive characteristics

32
32
32
32 bottom
bottom
bottom
bottom [
[
[
[
5bDtEm
5bDtEm
5bDtEm
5bDtEm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
底




端
adj
adj
adj
adj


If
a
pot ha
s no bottom or has large openings
i
n
i
ts sides
i
t
c
ould hardly be considered
a
c
ontainer
i
n
a
ny traditional sense

32
32
32
32 biological
biological
biological
biological [
[
[
[
baIE5lDdVIkEl
baIE5lDdVIkEl
baIE5lDdVIkEl
baIE5lDdVIkEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
生物学
7
7
7
7 biologist
biologist
biologist
biologist [
[
[
[
baI5DlEdVIst
baI5DlEdVIst
baI5DlEdVIst
baI5DlEdVIst
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
生物学家
4
4
4
4 microbiologist
microbiologist
microbiologist
microbiologist n
n
n
n
微生物学家

An offshoot of the biological approach called sociobiology suggests that aggression i
s
na
tural and even desirable for people

32
32
32
32 aquifer
aquifer
aquifer
aquifer [
[
[
[
5AkwIfE
5AkwIfE
5AkwIfE
5AkwIfE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
含水土层




蓄水层

This aquifer was named the Ogallala aquifer after the Ogallala Sioux Indians who
once inhabited the region

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31
31
31
31 tone
tone
tone
tone [
[
[
[
tEJn
tEJn
tEJn
tEJn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
音调




语调

A
pe
rson conveys thoughts and ideas through choice of words by
a
t
one of voice that
is pleasant or unpleasant gentle or harsh by the rhythm that is inherent within the
language itself and by speech rhythms that are flowing and regular or uneven and
hesitant and finally by the pitch and melody of the utterance

31
31
31
31 solar
solar
solar
solar [
[
[
[
5sEJlE
5sEJlE
5sEJlE
5sEJlE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
太阳太阳系日光

Among the most ancient bodies
i
n
t
he solar system are the carbonaceous chondrites
that also contain carbon compounds that might have been the precursors of life
o
n
E
arth

31
31
31
31 revolution
revolution
revolution
revolution [
[
[
[
7revE5luFEn
7revE5luFEn
7revE5luFEn
7revE5luFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
革命




旋转
3
3
3
3 revolutionary
revolutionary
revolutionary
revolutionary [
[
[
[
5revE5luFEnErI
5revE5luFEnErI
5revE5luFEnErI
5revE5luFEnErI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
革命




革命性

It appeared that Canada was once more falling
i
n
s
tep with the trend toward smaller
families that had occurred
a
ll
t
hrough the Western world since the time of the Industrial老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
25
25
25
25
R
evolution

31
31
31
31 prey
prey
prey
prey [
[
[
[
preI
preI
preI
preI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
掠食者




牺牲者
v

v
v
v
捕
食

When other predators such as the gray wolf prey upon large mammals they generally
take high proportions of each year
s
c
rop of young

31
31
31
31 microscope
microscope
microscope
microscope [
[
[
[
5maIkrEskEJp
5maIkrEskEJp
5maIkrEskEJp
5maIkrEskEJp
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
显微镜
19
19
19
19 microscopic
microscopic
microscopic
microscopic [
[
[
[
maIkDE5skDpIk
maIkDE5skDpIk
maIkDE5skDpIk
maIkDE5skDpIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
显微镜见

The invention of the visiblelight microscope late
i
n
t
he sixteenth century introduced
a
pr
eviously unknown realm of singlecelled plants and animals

31
31
31
31 metal
metal
metal
metal [
[
[
[
5metl
5metl
5metl
5metl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
金属




合金
10
10
10
10 metallic
metallic
metallic
metallic [
[
[
[
mI 5tAlIk
mI 5tAlIk
mI 5tAlIk
mI 5tAlIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
金属




产生金属
6
6
6
6 metalworkers
metalworkers
metalworkers
metalworkers
（
metalworker
metalworker
metalworker
metalworker
）
n
n
n
n
制金属品工

A
br
ass or woodwind player may hum while playing to produce two pitches at once
a
pi
anist may reach inside the piano to pluck
a
s
tring and then run
a
m
etal blade along it

31
31
31
31 h
elium
helium
helium
helium [
[
[
[
5hiljEm lIEm
5hiljEm lIEm
5hiljEm lIEm
5hiljEm lIEm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
氦

Jupiter and the other giant planets are of
a
l
owdensity type quite distinct from the
terrestrial planets they are composed predominantly of such substances as hydrogen
helium ammonia and methane unlike terrestrial planets

31
31
31
31 frame
frame
frame
frame [
[
[
[
freIm
freIm
freIm
freIm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
框结构
v

v
v
v
构
成制定

The carpenter＇s shop probably provided the frame and perhaps supplied the panel and
yet another shop supplied the gold

31
31
31
31 continent
continent
continent
continent [
[
[
[
5kDntInEnt
5kDntInEnt
5kDntInEnt
5kDntInEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
陆




陆
14
14
14
14 continental
continental
continental
continental [
[
[
[
7kDntI5nentl
7kDntI5nentl
7kDntI5nentl
7kDntI5nentl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
陆




洲
3
3
3
3 supercontinent
supercontinent
supercontinent
supercontinent n
n
n
n
超陆

When this supercontinent started to tear apart because of plate movement Pangaea
first broke into two large continental masses with
a
ne
wly formed sea that grew between
the land areas as the depression filled with water

31
31
31
31 contemporary
contemporary
contemporary
contemporary [
[
[
[
kEn5tempErErI
kEn5tempErErI
kEn5tempErErI
kEn5tempErErI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
时代
adj
adj
adj
adj
时代

Granite may be found
o
n
t
he surface of the contemporary landscape but from its
coarse texture we know that
i
t
m
ust have formed through slow cooling at
a
gr
eat depth
and later been laid bare by erosion

31
31
31
31 claims
claims
claims
claims
（
claim[
claim[
claim[
claim[
kleIm
kleIm
kleIm
kleIm
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

求




声称

An oak tree is
a
good e
xample of
a
c
ompetitor
A
m
assive oak claims its ground for
200 years or more outcompeting
a
ll
ot
her wouldbe canopy trees by casting
a
de
nse
shade and drawing up any free water
i
n
t
he soil

30
30
30
30 tension
tension
tension
tension [
[
[
[
5tenFEn
5tenFEn
5tenFEn
5tenFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
紧张




拉紧

The same forces that create surface tension
i
n
a
ny sample of water are responsible for
the maintenance of these unbroken columns of water

30
30
30
30 task
task
task
task [
[
[
[
tBsk
tBsk
tBsk
tBsk
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
作业务

Each product had its own peculiar characteristics that demanded
a
pa
rticular way of
cutting or drying the meat and each task required its own cutting blades and other
utensils

30
30
30
30 stimulated
stimulated
stimulated
stimulated
（
stimulate[
stimulate[
stimulate[
stimulate[
5stImjJleIt
5stImjJleIt
5stImjJleIt
5stImjJleIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
刺
激




鼓舞
6
6
6
6 stimulation
stimulation
stimulation
stimulation [
[
[
[
7stImjJ5leIFEn
7stImjJ5leIFEn
7stImjJ5leIFEn
7stImjJ5leIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
激励




刺激

Cheap transportation networks the rise of cities and the availability of capital and
credit
a
ll
s
timulated the shift to factory production

30
30
30
30 spread
spread
spread
spread [
[
[
[
spred
spred
spred
spred
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
传播




伸展




散布
v

v
v
v

伸展




延伸

Growing human populations and the agricultural demands that come with such growt
h
ha
ve upset the ecological balance
i
n
s
ome areas and led to the spread of deserts

30
30
30
30 solid
solid
solid
solid [
[
[
[
5sDlId
5sDlId
5sDlId
5sDlId
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
固体
adj
adj
adj
adj
固体




坚固老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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Toefl
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Toefl
词汇红宝书
25
25
25
25
R
evolution

31
31
31
31 prey
prey
prey
prey [
[
[
[
preI
preI
preI
preI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
掠食者




牺牲者
v

v
v
v
捕
食

When other predators such as the gray wolf prey upon large mammals they generally
take high proportions of each year
s
c
rop of young

31
31
31
31 microscope
microscope
microscope
microscope [
[
[
[
5maIkrEskEJp
5maIkrEskEJp
5maIkrEskEJp
5maIkrEskEJp
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
显微镜
19
19
19
19 microscopic
microscopic
microscopic
microscopic [
[
[
[
maIkDE5skDpIk
maIkDE5skDpIk
maIkDE5skDpIk
maIkDE5skDpIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
显微镜见

The invention of the visiblelight microscope late
i
n
t
he sixteenth century introduced
a
pr
eviously unknown realm of singlecelled plants and animals

31
31
31
31 metal
metal
metal
metal [
[
[
[
5metl
5metl
5metl
5metl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
金属




合金
10
10
10
10 metallic
metallic
metallic
metallic [
[
[
[
mI 5tAlIk
mI 5tAlIk
mI 5tAlIk
mI 5tAlIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
金属




产生金属
6
6
6
6 metalworkers
metalworkers
metalworkers
metalworkers
（
metalworker
metalworker
metalworker
metalworker
）
n
n
n
n
制金属品工

A
br
ass or woodwind player may hum while playing to produce two pitches at once
a
pi
anist may reach inside the piano to pluck
a
s
tring and then run
a
m
etal blade along it

31
31
31
31 h
elium
helium
helium
helium [
[
[
[
5hiljEm lIEm
5hiljEm lIEm
5hiljEm lIEm
5hiljEm lIEm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
氦

Jupiter and the other giant planets are of
a
l
owdensity type quite distinct from the
terrestrial planets they are composed predominantly of such substances as hydrogen
helium ammonia and methane unlike terrestrial planets

31
31
31
31 frame
frame
frame
frame [
[
[
[
freIm
freIm
freIm
freIm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
框结构
v

v
v
v
构
成制定

The carpenter＇s shop probably provided the frame and perhaps supplied the panel and
yet another shop supplied the gold

31
31
31
31 continent
continent
continent
continent [
[
[
[
5kDntInEnt
5kDntInEnt
5kDntInEnt
5kDntInEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
陆




陆
14
14
14
14 continental
continental
continental
continental [
[
[
[
7kDntI5nentl
7kDntI5nentl
7kDntI5nentl
7kDntI5nentl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
陆




洲
3
3
3
3 supercontinent
supercontinent
supercontinent
supercontinent n
n
n
n
超陆

When this supercontinent started to tear apart because of plate movement Pangaea
first broke into two large continental masses with
a
ne
wly formed sea that grew between
the land areas as the depression filled with water

31
31
31
31 contemporary
contemporary
contemporary
contemporary [
[
[
[
kEn5tempErErI
kEn5tempErErI
kEn5tempErErI
kEn5tempErErI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
时代
adj
adj
adj
adj
时代

Granite may be found
o
n
t
he surface of the contemporary landscape but from its
coarse texture we know that
i
t
m
ust have formed through slow cooling at
a
gr
eat depth
and later been laid bare by erosion

31
31
31
31 claims
claims
claims
claims
（
claim[
claim[
claim[
claim[
kleIm
kleIm
kleIm
kleIm
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

求




声称

An oak tree is
a
good e
xample of
a
c
ompetitor
A
m
assive oak claims its ground for
200 years or more outcompeting
a
ll
ot
her wouldbe canopy trees by casting
a
de
nse
shade and drawing up any free water
i
n
t
he soil

30
30
30
30 tension
tension
tension
tension [
[
[
[
5tenFEn
5tenFEn
5tenFEn
5tenFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
紧张




拉紧

The same forces that create surface tension
i
n
a
ny sample of water are responsible for
the maintenance of these unbroken columns of water

30
30
30
30 task
task
task
task [
[
[
[
tBsk
tBsk
tBsk
tBsk
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
作业务

Each product had its own peculiar characteristics that demanded
a
pa
rticular way of
cutting or drying the meat and each task required its own cutting blades and other
utensils

30
30
30
30 stimulated
stimulated
stimulated
stimulated
（
stimulate[
stimulate[
stimulate[
stimulate[
5stImjJleIt
5stImjJleIt
5stImjJleIt
5stImjJleIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
刺
激




鼓舞
6
6
6
6 stimulation
stimulation
stimulation
stimulation [
[
[
[
7stImjJ5leIFEn
7stImjJ5leIFEn
7stImjJ5leIFEn
7stImjJ5leIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
激励




刺激

Cheap transportation networks the rise of cities and the availability of capital and
credit
a
ll
s
timulated the shift to factory production

30
30
30
30 spread
spread
spread
spread [
[
[
[
spred
spred
spred
spred
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
传播




伸展




散布
v

v
v
v

伸展




延伸

Growing human populations and the agricultural demands that come with such growt
h
ha
ve upset the ecological balance
i
n
s
ome areas and led to the spread of deserts

30
30
30
30 solid
solid
solid
solid [
[
[
[
5sDlId
5sDlId
5sDlId
5sDlId
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
固体
adj
adj
adj
adj
固体




坚固老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
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红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
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词汇红宝书
26
26
26
26
3
3
3
3 s
olidified
solidified
solidified
solidified
[
[
[
[
sE5lIdIfaId
sE5lIdIfaId
sE5lIdIfaId
sE5lIdIfaId
]
]
]
]
adj
adj
adj
adj
固化




固体化

At first thought
i
t
s
eems incredible that there can be enough space
i
n
t
he solid
ground underfoot to hold
a
ll
t
his water

30
30
30
30 presented
presented
presented
presented
（
present[
present[
present[
present[
prI5zent
prI5zent
prI5zent
prI5zent
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
目前赠品
v

v
v
v
赠
送
adj
adj
adj
adj
场前
22
22
22
22 presence
presence
presence
presence [
[
[
[
5prezns
5prezns
5prezns
5prezns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
出席




存

Some sentences do not belong
i
n
t
he summary because they express ideas that are not
presented
i
n
t
he passage or are minor ideas
i
n
t
he passage

30
30
30
30 pots
pots
pots
pots
（
pot[
pot[
pot[
pot[
pDt
pDt
pDt
pDt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
罐

Some pots were adorned with incised or stamped decorations

30
30
30
30 measure
measure
measure
measure [
[
[
[
5meVE
5meVE
5meVE
5meVE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
尺寸




量度标准
v

v
v
v
测
量




估量
9
9
9
9 measurements
measurements
measurements
measurements
（
measurement[
measurement[
measurement[
measurement[
5meVEmEnt
5meVEmEnt
5meVEmEnt
5meVEmEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
测量法




尺寸
3
3
3
3 immeasurably
immeasurably
immeasurably
immeasurably adv
adv
adv
adv
测量




广边

Clay is far too small to sieve accurately

therefore
i
n
s
oils with
a
hi
gh proportion of
clay the fine particles are measured
o
n
t
he basis of their settling velocity when
suspended
i
n
w
ater

30
30
30
30 irrigation
irrigation
irrigation
irrigation [
[
[
[
7IrI5^eIFEn
7IrI5^eIFEn
7IrI5^eIFEn
7IrI5^eIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
灌溉
11
11
11
11 irrigated
irrigated
irrigated
irrigated
（
irrigate[
irrigate[
irrigate[
irrigate[
5IrI^eIt
5IrI^eIt
5IrI^eIt
5IrI^eIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
灌
溉
3
3
3
3 overirrigation
overirrigation
overirrigation
overirrigation n
n
n
n
度灌溉

Mines and irrigation ponds can be kept from becoming contaminated by planting
hyperaccumulating species
i
n
t
argeted areas

30
30
30
30 improvements
improvements
improvements
improvements
（
improvement[
improvement[
improvement[
improvement[
Im5pruvmEnt
Im5pruvmEnt
Im5pruvmEnt
Im5pruvmEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
改进




进步
26
26
26
26 improve
improve
improve
improve [
[
[
[
Im5pruv
Im5pruv
Im5pruv
Im5pruv
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
改
良改善

During that decade though Henry Warren＇s Painting
i
n
W
ater Color was published
i
n
N
ew
Y
ork
C
ity
i
n
1856
the book was
a
c
onsiderable improvement over the only other
manual of instruction existing at the time Elements of Graphic Art by Archibald
Roberson published
i
n
1802 a
nd by the 1850＇s long out of print

30
30
30
30 buried
buried
buried
buried
（
bury[
bury[
bury[
bury[
5berI
5berI
5berI
5berI
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
埋
葬




隐藏
12
12
12
12 burial
burial
burial
burial [
[
[
[
5berIEl
5berIEl
5berIEl
5berIEl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
埋葬




葬礼

A
f
avored device of the style was to imitate the iridescent surface seen
o
n
a
ncient glass
that had been buried

30
30
30
30 attitudes
attitudes
attitudes
attitudes
（
attitude[
attitude[
attitude[
attitude[
5AtItjud
5AtItjud
5AtItjud
5AtItjud
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
态度




法

Whigs and Democrats held different attitudes toward the changes brought about by the
market banks and commerce

30
30
30
30 approximately
approximately
approximately
approximately [
[
[
[
EpDDksI5mEtlI
EpDDksI5mEtlI
EpDDksI5mEtlI
EpDDksI5mEtlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
概

Edison was more interested
i
n
t
he sale of Kinetoscopes (for roughly 1000 apiece) to
these parlors than
i
n
t
he films that would be run
i
n
t
hem (which cost approximately 10
to 15 each)

29
29
29
29 therefore
therefore
therefore
therefore [
[
[
[
5TeEfC
5TeEfC
5TeEfC
5TeEfC
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv







The total volume of water
i
n
t
he saturated sample must therefore be thought of as
consisting of water that can and water that cannot drain away

29
29
29
29 subjects
subjects
subjects
subjects
（
subject[
subject[
subject[
subject[
5sQbdVIkt
5sQbdVIkt
5sQbdVIkt
5sQbdVIkt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
题目




科目




题
v

v
v
v

隶属




受
某
[
[
[
[
某物
]
]
]
]
历遭受某事物
be
be
be
be subjected
subjected
subjected
subjected to
to
to
to
受制
9
9
9
9 subjected
subjected
subjected
subjected
3
3
3
3 subjecting
subjecting
subjecting
subjecting

Expanding populations are subjecting the land to increasing pressures to provide them
with food and fuel

老师
Blog
：
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留学英语前线
29
29
29
29 stable
stable
stable
stable [
[
[
[
5steIbl
5steIbl
5steIbl
5steIbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
稳定




牢固
6
6
6
6 unstable
unstable
unstable
unstable [
[
[
[
5Qn5steIbl
5Qn5steIbl
5Qn5steIbl
5Qn5steIbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
牢固

Group members expect expressive leaders to maintain stable relationships within the
group and provide support to individual members
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
26
26
26
26
3
3
3
3 s
olidified
solidified
solidified
solidified
[
[
[
[
sE5lIdIfaId
sE5lIdIfaId
sE5lIdIfaId
sE5lIdIfaId
]
]
]
]
adj
adj
adj
adj
固化




固体化

At first thought
i
t
s
eems incredible that there can be enough space
i
n
t
he solid
ground underfoot to hold
a
ll
t
his water

30
30
30
30 presented
presented
presented
presented
（
present[
present[
present[
present[
prI5zent
prI5zent
prI5zent
prI5zent
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
目前赠品
v

v
v
v
赠
送
adj
adj
adj
adj
场前
22
22
22
22 presence
presence
presence
presence [
[
[
[
5prezns
5prezns
5prezns
5prezns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
出席




存

Some sentences do not belong
i
n
t
he summary because they express ideas that are not
presented
i
n
t
he passage or are minor ideas
i
n
t
he passage

30
30
30
30 pots
pots
pots
pots
（
pot[
pot[
pot[
pot[
pDt
pDt
pDt
pDt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
罐

Some pots were adorned with incised or stamped decorations

30
30
30
30 measure
measure
measure
measure [
[
[
[
5meVE
5meVE
5meVE
5meVE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
尺寸




量度标准
v

v
v
v
测
量




估量
9
9
9
9 measurements
measurements
measurements
measurements
（
measurement[
measurement[
measurement[
measurement[
5meVEmEnt
5meVEmEnt
5meVEmEnt
5meVEmEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
测量法




尺寸
3
3
3
3 immeasurably
immeasurably
immeasurably
immeasurably adv
adv
adv
adv
测量




广边

Clay is far too small to sieve accurately

therefore
i
n
s
oils with
a
hi
gh proportion of
clay the fine particles are measured
o
n
t
he basis of their settling velocity when
suspended
i
n
w
ater

30
30
30
30 irrigation
irrigation
irrigation
irrigation [
[
[
[
7IrI5^eIFEn
7IrI5^eIFEn
7IrI5^eIFEn
7IrI5^eIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
灌溉
11
11
11
11 irrigated
irrigated
irrigated
irrigated
（
irrigate[
irrigate[
irrigate[
irrigate[
5IrI^eIt
5IrI^eIt
5IrI^eIt
5IrI^eIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
灌
溉
3
3
3
3 overirrigation
overirrigation
overirrigation
overirrigation n
n
n
n
度灌溉

Mines and irrigation ponds can be kept from becoming contaminated by planting
hyperaccumulating species
i
n
t
argeted areas

30
30
30
30 improvements
improvements
improvements
improvements
（
improvement[
improvement[
improvement[
improvement[
Im5pruvmEnt
Im5pruvmEnt
Im5pruvmEnt
Im5pruvmEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
改进




进步
26
26
26
26 improve
improve
improve
improve [
[
[
[
Im5pruv
Im5pruv
Im5pruv
Im5pruv
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
改
良改善

During that decade though Henry Warren＇s Painting
i
n
W
ater Color was published
i
n
N
ew
Y
ork
C
ity
i
n
1856
the book was
a
c
onsiderable improvement over the only other
manual of instruction existing at the time Elements of Graphic Art by Archibald
Roberson published
i
n
1802 a
nd by the 1850＇s long out of print

30
30
30
30 buried
buried
buried
buried
（
bury[
bury[
bury[
bury[
5berI
5berI
5berI
5berI
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
埋
葬




隐藏
12
12
12
12 burial
burial
burial
burial [
[
[
[
5berIEl
5berIEl
5berIEl
5berIEl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
埋葬




葬礼

A
f
avored device of the style was to imitate the iridescent surface seen
o
n
a
ncient glass
that had been buried

30
30
30
30 attitudes
attitudes
attitudes
attitudes
（
attitude[
attitude[
attitude[
attitude[
5AtItjud
5AtItjud
5AtItjud
5AtItjud
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
态度




法

Whigs and Democrats held different attitudes toward the changes brought about by the
market banks and commerce

30
30
30
30 approximately
approximately
approximately
approximately [
[
[
[
EpDDksI5mEtlI
EpDDksI5mEtlI
EpDDksI5mEtlI
EpDDksI5mEtlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
概

Edison was more interested
i
n
t
he sale of Kinetoscopes (for roughly 1000 apiece) to
these parlors than
i
n
t
he films that would be run
i
n
t
hem (which cost approximately 10
to 15 each)

29
29
29
29 therefore
therefore
therefore
therefore [
[
[
[
5TeEfC
5TeEfC
5TeEfC
5TeEfC
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv







The total volume of water
i
n
t
he saturated sample must therefore be thought of as
consisting of water that can and water that cannot drain away

29
29
29
29 subjects
subjects
subjects
subjects
（
subject[
subject[
subject[
subject[
5sQbdVIkt
5sQbdVIkt
5sQbdVIkt
5sQbdVIkt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
题目




科目




题
v

v
v
v

隶属




受
某
[
[
[
[
某物
]
]
]
]
历遭受某事物
be
be
be
be subjected
subjected
subjected
subjected to
to
to
to
受制
9
9
9
9 subjected
subjected
subjected
subjected
3
3
3
3 subjecting
subjecting
subjecting
subjecting

Expanding populations are subjecting the land to increasing pressures to provide them
with food and fuel

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
29
29
29
29 stable
stable
stable
stable [
[
[
[
5steIbl
5steIbl
5steIbl
5steIbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
稳定




牢固
6
6
6
6 unstable
unstable
unstable
unstable [
[
[
[
5Qn5steIbl
5Qn5steIbl
5Qn5steIbl
5Qn5steIbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
牢固

Group members expect expressive leaders to maintain stable relationships within the
group and provide support to individual members
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
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Blog
：
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英语前线
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师
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
27
27
27
27
29
29
29
29 s
igns
signs
signs
signs
（
sign[
sign[
sign[
sign[
saIn
saIn
saIn
saIn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
记号




符号
v

v
v
v
签

F
or example one sign of this condition is the appearance of the comic vision since
comedy requires sufficient detachment to view some deviations from social norms as
ridiculous rather than as serious threats to the welfare of the entire group

29
29
29
29 routes
routes
routes
routes
（
route[
route[
route[
route[
rut
rut
rut
rut
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
路径




轨道

Americans continued as
i
n
c
olonial times to depend wherever possible
o
n
w
ater route
s
f
or travel and transportation

29
29
29
29 preferred
preferred
preferred
preferred
（
prefer[
prefer[
prefer[
prefer[
prI5f＼
prI5f＼
prI5f＼
prI5f＼
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
宁
更喜欢
3
3
3
3 preferences
preferences
preferences
preferences
（
preference[
preference[
preference[
preference[
5prefErEns
5prefErEns
5prefErEns
5prefErEns
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
偏爱




优先选择

Masters preferred to maintain the trade within the family by supervising and educatin
g
t
he younger family members

29
29
29
29 opportunity
opportunity
opportunity
opportunity [
[
[
[
7DpE5tjunItI
7DpE5tjunItI
7DpE5tjunItI
7DpE5tjunItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
机会




时机
27
27
27
27 opportunists
opportunists
opportunists
opportunists
（
opportunist[
opportunist[
opportunist[
opportunist[
5DpEtjunIst (@) tun
5DpEtjunIst (@) tun
5DpEtjunIst (@) tun
5DpEtjunIst (@) tun
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
机会义者




投机取巧
者
4
4
4
4 opportunistic
opportunistic
opportunistic
opportunistic adj
adj
adj
adj
机会义

The opportunity to hear chronologically narrated stories may help threeyearold
children produce longlasting memories
．

29
29
29
29 i
ntense
intense
intense
intense [
[
[
[
In5tens
In5tens
In5tens
In5tens
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
强烈非常
12
12
12
12 intensive
intensive
intensive
intensive [
[
[
[
In5tensIv
In5tensIv
In5tensIv
In5tensIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
加强




精深
7
7
7
7 intensity
intensity
intensity
intensity [
[
[
[
In5tensItI
In5tensItI
In5tensItI
In5tensItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
强烈




强
3
3
3
3 intensifies
intensifies
intensifies
intensifies
（
intensify[
intensify[
intensify[
intensify[
In5tensIfaI
In5tensIfaI
In5tensIfaI
In5tensIfaI
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
加
强




强化

The participants generally agreed
o
n
w
hich two emotions were being shown and whi
c
h
e
motion was more intense

29
29
29
29 global
global
global
global [
[
[
[
5^lEJbEl
5^lEJbEl
5^lEJbEl
5^lEJbEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
全世界球形

The process may be accelerated
i
n
s
ubsequent decades if global warming resulting
from air pollution seriously increases

29
29
29
29 flow
flow
flow
flow [
[
[
[
flEJ
flEJ
flEJ
flEJ
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
流
动




涨
n
n
n
n
流

The keels finlets and corselet help direct the flow of water over the body surface
i
n
s
uch as way as to reduce resistance (see the figure)

29
29
29
29 figures
figures
figures
figures
（
figure[
figure[
figure[
figure[
5fI^E
5fI^E
5fI^E
5fI^E
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
图形数字
v

v
v
v
想
出




估计

Upper Paleolithic men and women believed that the drawing of
a
hum
an image could
cause death of injury and if that were indeed their belief
i
t
m
ight explain why human
figures are rarely depicted
i
n
c
ave art

29
29
29
29 familiar
familiar
familiar
familiar [
[
[
[
fE5mIljE
fE5mIljE
fE5mIljE
fE5mIljE
]adj
]adj
]adj
]adj
熟悉




亲密

The Fore were asked to display familiar facial expressions when they told their
stories

29
29
29
29 differ
differ
differ
differ [
[
[
[
5dIfE
5dIfE
5dIfE
5dIfE
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
差
异
5
5
5
5 differentiated
differentiated
differentiated
differentiated
（
differentiate[
differentiate[
differentiate[
differentiate[
7dIfE5renFIeIt
7dIfE5renFIeIt
7dIfE5renFIeIt
7dIfE5renFIeIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

差异




区

Rather each person is expected to perform
a
gr
eat variety of tasks though duties many
differ between the sexes

29
29
29
29 diet
diet
diet
diet [
[
[
[
5daIEt
5daIEt
5daIEt
5daIEt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
饮食




食物
v

v
v
v
节
食
4
4
4
4 dietary
dietary
dietary
dietary [
[
[
[
5daIEtErI
5daIEtErI
5daIEtErI
5daIEtErI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
饮食

The growing interest of consumers
i
n
t
he safety and more nutritional quality of the
typical NorthAmerican diet is
a
w
elcome development

29
29
29
29 decorations
decorations
decorations
decorations
（
decoration[
decoration[
decoration[
decoration[
7dekE5reIFEn
7dekE5reIFEn
7dekE5reIFEn
7dekE5reIFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
装饰




装潢
21
21
21
21 decorated
decorated
decorated
decorated
（
decorate[
decorate[
decorate[
decorate[
5dekEreIt
5dekEreIt
5dekEreIt
5dekEreIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
装
饰 油漆
17
17
17
17 decorative
decorative
decorative
decorative [
[
[
[
5dekErEtIv
5dekErEtIv
5dekErEtIv
5dekErEtIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
装饰性

Brightly colored Slips were often used and formed painted decorations
o
n
t
he vessel

28
28
28
28 vi
sible
visible
visible
visible [
[
[
[
5vIzEbl
5vIzEbl
5vIzEbl
5vIzEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
见




显然
5
5
5
5 invisible
invisible
invisible
invisible [
[
[
[
In5vIzEbl
In5vIzEbl
In5vIzEbl
In5vIzEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
见老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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英语前线
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师
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
27
27
27
27
29
29
29
29 s
igns
signs
signs
signs
（
sign[
sign[
sign[
sign[
saIn
saIn
saIn
saIn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
记号




符号
v

v
v
v
签

F
or example one sign of this condition is the appearance of the comic vision since
comedy requires sufficient detachment to view some deviations from social norms as
ridiculous rather than as serious threats to the welfare of the entire group

29
29
29
29 routes
routes
routes
routes
（
route[
route[
route[
route[
rut
rut
rut
rut
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
路径




轨道

Americans continued as
i
n
c
olonial times to depend wherever possible
o
n
w
ater route
s
f
or travel and transportation

29
29
29
29 preferred
preferred
preferred
preferred
（
prefer[
prefer[
prefer[
prefer[
prI5f＼
prI5f＼
prI5f＼
prI5f＼
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
宁
更喜欢
3
3
3
3 preferences
preferences
preferences
preferences
（
preference[
preference[
preference[
preference[
5prefErEns
5prefErEns
5prefErEns
5prefErEns
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
偏爱




优先选择

Masters preferred to maintain the trade within the family by supervising and educatin
g
t
he younger family members

29
29
29
29 opportunity
opportunity
opportunity
opportunity [
[
[
[
7DpE5tjunItI
7DpE5tjunItI
7DpE5tjunItI
7DpE5tjunItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
机会




时机
27
27
27
27 opportunists
opportunists
opportunists
opportunists
（
opportunist[
opportunist[
opportunist[
opportunist[
5DpEtjunIst (@) tun
5DpEtjunIst (@) tun
5DpEtjunIst (@) tun
5DpEtjunIst (@) tun
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
机会义者




投机取巧
者
4
4
4
4 opportunistic
opportunistic
opportunistic
opportunistic adj
adj
adj
adj
机会义

The opportunity to hear chronologically narrated stories may help threeyearold
children produce longlasting memories
．

29
29
29
29 i
ntense
intense
intense
intense [
[
[
[
In5tens
In5tens
In5tens
In5tens
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
强烈非常
12
12
12
12 intensive
intensive
intensive
intensive [
[
[
[
In5tensIv
In5tensIv
In5tensIv
In5tensIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
加强




精深
7
7
7
7 intensity
intensity
intensity
intensity [
[
[
[
In5tensItI
In5tensItI
In5tensItI
In5tensItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
强烈




强
3
3
3
3 intensifies
intensifies
intensifies
intensifies
（
intensify[
intensify[
intensify[
intensify[
In5tensIfaI
In5tensIfaI
In5tensIfaI
In5tensIfaI
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
加
强




强化

The participants generally agreed
o
n
w
hich two emotions were being shown and whi
c
h
e
motion was more intense

29
29
29
29 global
global
global
global [
[
[
[
5^lEJbEl
5^lEJbEl
5^lEJbEl
5^lEJbEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
全世界球形

The process may be accelerated
i
n
s
ubsequent decades if global warming resulting
from air pollution seriously increases

29
29
29
29 flow
flow
flow
flow [
[
[
[
flEJ
flEJ
flEJ
flEJ
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
流
动




涨
n
n
n
n
流

The keels finlets and corselet help direct the flow of water over the body surface
i
n
s
uch as way as to reduce resistance (see the figure)

29
29
29
29 figures
figures
figures
figures
（
figure[
figure[
figure[
figure[
5fI^E
5fI^E
5fI^E
5fI^E
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
图形数字
v

v
v
v
想
出




估计

Upper Paleolithic men and women believed that the drawing of
a
hum
an image could
cause death of injury and if that were indeed their belief
i
t
m
ight explain why human
figures are rarely depicted
i
n
c
ave art

29
29
29
29 familiar
familiar
familiar
familiar [
[
[
[
fE5mIljE
fE5mIljE
fE5mIljE
fE5mIljE
]adj
]adj
]adj
]adj
熟悉




亲密

The Fore were asked to display familiar facial expressions when they told their
stories

29
29
29
29 differ
differ
differ
differ [
[
[
[
5dIfE
5dIfE
5dIfE
5dIfE
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
差
异
5
5
5
5 differentiated
differentiated
differentiated
differentiated
（
differentiate[
differentiate[
differentiate[
differentiate[
7dIfE5renFIeIt
7dIfE5renFIeIt
7dIfE5renFIeIt
7dIfE5renFIeIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

差异




区

Rather each person is expected to perform
a
gr
eat variety of tasks though duties many
differ between the sexes

29
29
29
29 diet
diet
diet
diet [
[
[
[
5daIEt
5daIEt
5daIEt
5daIEt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
饮食




食物
v

v
v
v
节
食
4
4
4
4 dietary
dietary
dietary
dietary [
[
[
[
5daIEtErI
5daIEtErI
5daIEtErI
5daIEtErI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
饮食

The growing interest of consumers
i
n
t
he safety and more nutritional quality of the
typical NorthAmerican diet is
a
w
elcome development

29
29
29
29 decorations
decorations
decorations
decorations
（
decoration[
decoration[
decoration[
decoration[
7dekE5reIFEn
7dekE5reIFEn
7dekE5reIFEn
7dekE5reIFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
装饰




装潢
21
21
21
21 decorated
decorated
decorated
decorated
（
decorate[
decorate[
decorate[
decorate[
5dekEreIt
5dekEreIt
5dekEreIt
5dekEreIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
装
饰 油漆
17
17
17
17 decorative
decorative
decorative
decorative [
[
[
[
5dekErEtIv
5dekErEtIv
5dekErEtIv
5dekErEtIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
装饰性

Brightly colored Slips were often used and formed painted decorations
o
n
t
he vessel

28
28
28
28 vi
sible
visible
visible
visible [
[
[
[
5vIzEbl
5vIzEbl
5vIzEbl
5vIzEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
见




显然
5
5
5
5 invisible
invisible
invisible
invisible [
[
[
[
In5vIzEbl
In5vIzEbl
In5vIzEbl
In5vIzEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
见老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
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留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
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：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
28
28
28
28

T
ownes and Arthur Schawlow then at Bell Telephone Laboratories wrote
a
l
ong paper
outlining the conditions needed to amplify stimulated emission of visible light waves

28
28
28
28 s
helter
shelter
shelter
shelter [
[
[
[
5FeltE
5FeltE
5FeltE
5FeltE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
遮盖物避难
v

v
v
v
掩
蔽保护

The applied arts are thus bound by the laws of physics which pertain to both the
materials used
i
n
t
heir making and the substances and things to be contained supported
and sheltered

28
28
28
28 resemble
resemble
resemble
resemble [
[
[
[
rI5zembl
rI5zembl
rI5zembl
rI5zembl
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
相
似




象

In general modern buildings more closely resemble the human body than earlier
buildings do

28
28
28
28 principal
principal
principal
principal [
[
[
[
5prInsEp(E)l sIp
5prInsEp(E)l sIp
5prInsEp(E)l sIp
5prInsEp(E)l sIp
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj





首

In dry areas the wind is the principal agent of erosion

28
28
28
28 maintained
maintained
maintained
maintained
（
maintain[
maintain[
maintain[
maintain[
men5teIn
men5teIn
men5teIn
men5teIn
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
维
持
8
8
8
8 maintenance
maintenance
maintenance
maintenance [
[
[
[
5meIntInEns
5meIntInEns
5meIntInEns
5meIntInEns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
维护




维修

On baking days (usually once or twice
a
w
eek)
a
r
oaring fire of oven wood
consisting of brown maple sticks was maintained
i
n
t
he oven until its walls were
extremely hot

28
28
28
28 fungi
fungi
fungi
fungi [
[
[
[
5fQndVaI 5fQN^aI
5fQndVaI 5fQN^aI
5fQndVaI 5fQN^aI
5fQndVaI 5fQN^aI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
菌类

These enzymes are often produced by bacteria and fungi

28
28
28
28 lichens
lichens
lichens
lichens
（
lichen[
lichen[
lichen[
lichen[
5laIkEn
5laIkEn
5laIkEn
5laIkEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
苔藓

Its soil is pure silica so barren
i
t
s
upports only lichens as ground cover

28
28
28
28 emerging
emerging
emerging
emerging
（
emerge[
emerge[
emerge[
emerge[
I5m＼dV
I5m＼dV
I5m＼dV
I5m＼dV
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
浮
现源
8
8
8
8 emergence
emergence
emergence
emergence [
[
[
[
I5m＼dVEns
I5m＼dVEns
I5m＼dVEns
I5m＼dVEns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
出现




露头

The Milky
W
ay
i
s
a
s
piral galaxy
a
f
lattish disc of stars with two spiral arms emergin
g
f
rom its central nucleus

28
28
28
28 desire
desire
desire
desire [
[
[
[
dI5zaIE
dI5zaIE
dI5zaIE
dI5zaIE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
欲




求
v

v
v
v
想





请求
14
14
14
14 desired
desired
desired
desired adj
adj
adj
adj
渴




想
9
9
9
9 desirable
desirable
desirable
desirable [
[
[
[
dI5zaIErEbl
dI5zaIErEbl
dI5zaIErEbl
dI5zaIErEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
值
4
4
4
4 undesirable
undesirable
undesirable
undesirable [
[
[
[
5QndI5zaIErEbl
5QndI5zaIErEbl
5QndI5zaIErEbl
5QndI5zaIErEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
受欢迎

In face one of the strongest factors
i
n
t
he selection of plantation land was the desire to
have
i
t
f
ront
o
n
a
w
ater highway

28
28
28
28 compared
compared
compared
compared
（
compare[
compare[
compare[
compare[
kEm5peE
kEm5peE
kEm5peE
kEm5peE
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

较




较
27
27
27
27 comparison
comparison
comparison
comparison [
[
[
[
kEm5pArIsn
kEm5pArIsn
kEm5pArIsn
kEm5pArIsn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
较
13
13
13
13 comparable
comparable
comparable
comparable [
[
[
[
5kDmpErEbl
5kDmpErEbl
5kDmpErEbl
5kDmpErEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj

8
8
8
8 comparatively
comparatively
comparatively
comparatively [
[
[
[
kEm5pArEtIvlI
kEm5pArEtIvlI
kEm5pArEtIvlI
kEm5pArEtIvlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
相

The origin of multicellular forms of life seems
a
r
elatively simple step compared to the
origin of life itself

28
28
28
28 communication
communication
communication
communication [
[
[
[
kE7mjunI5keIFn
kE7mjunI5keIFn
kE7mjunI5keIFn
kE7mjunI5keIFn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
沟通




交通
16
16
16
16 communicate
communicate
communicate
communicate [
[
[
[
kE5mjunIkeIt
kE5mjunIkeIt
kE5mjunIkeIt
kE5mjunIkeIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
沟
通交流思想

The first is the broad area of communication which includes imparting information by
use of language communicating with
a
gr
oup or
a
n
i
ndividual and specialized line
communication through performance

28
28
28
28 citizens
citizens
citizens
citizens
（
citizen[
citizen[
citizen[
citizen[
5sItIzn
5sItIzn
5sItIzn
5sItIzn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
市民




公民

Not only did they cater to the governor and his circle but citizens from
a
ll
ov
er the
colony came to the capital for legislative sessions of the assembly and council and the
meetings of the courts of justice

28
28
28
28 center
center
center
center [
[
[
[
5sentE
5sentE
5sentE
5sentE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
中心中心点
v

v
v
v
集
中

As Philadelphia grew from
a
s
mall town into
a
c
ity
i
n
t
he first half of the eighteenth
century
i
t
be
came
a
n
i
ncreasingly important marketing center for
a
v
ast and growing
agricultural hinterland
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
28
28
28
28

T
ownes and Arthur Schawlow then at Bell Telephone Laboratories wrote
a
l
ong paper
outlining the conditions needed to amplify stimulated emission of visible light waves

28
28
28
28 s
helter
shelter
shelter
shelter [
[
[
[
5FeltE
5FeltE
5FeltE
5FeltE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
遮盖物避难
v

v
v
v
掩
蔽保护

The applied arts are thus bound by the laws of physics which pertain to both the
materials used
i
n
t
heir making and the substances and things to be contained supported
and sheltered

28
28
28
28 resemble
resemble
resemble
resemble [
[
[
[
rI5zembl
rI5zembl
rI5zembl
rI5zembl
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
相
似




象

In general modern buildings more closely resemble the human body than earlier
buildings do

28
28
28
28 principal
principal
principal
principal [
[
[
[
5prInsEp(E)l sIp
5prInsEp(E)l sIp
5prInsEp(E)l sIp
5prInsEp(E)l sIp
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj





首

In dry areas the wind is the principal agent of erosion

28
28
28
28 maintained
maintained
maintained
maintained
（
maintain[
maintain[
maintain[
maintain[
men5teIn
men5teIn
men5teIn
men5teIn
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
维
持
8
8
8
8 maintenance
maintenance
maintenance
maintenance [
[
[
[
5meIntInEns
5meIntInEns
5meIntInEns
5meIntInEns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
维护




维修

On baking days (usually once or twice
a
w
eek)
a
r
oaring fire of oven wood
consisting of brown maple sticks was maintained
i
n
t
he oven until its walls were
extremely hot

28
28
28
28 fungi
fungi
fungi
fungi [
[
[
[
5fQndVaI 5fQN^aI
5fQndVaI 5fQN^aI
5fQndVaI 5fQN^aI
5fQndVaI 5fQN^aI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
菌类

These enzymes are often produced by bacteria and fungi

28
28
28
28 lichens
lichens
lichens
lichens
（
lichen[
lichen[
lichen[
lichen[
5laIkEn
5laIkEn
5laIkEn
5laIkEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
苔藓

Its soil is pure silica so barren
i
t
s
upports only lichens as ground cover

28
28
28
28 emerging
emerging
emerging
emerging
（
emerge[
emerge[
emerge[
emerge[
I5m＼dV
I5m＼dV
I5m＼dV
I5m＼dV
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
浮
现源
8
8
8
8 emergence
emergence
emergence
emergence [
[
[
[
I5m＼dVEns
I5m＼dVEns
I5m＼dVEns
I5m＼dVEns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
出现




露头

The Milky
W
ay
i
s
a
s
piral galaxy
a
f
lattish disc of stars with two spiral arms emergin
g
f
rom its central nucleus

28
28
28
28 desire
desire
desire
desire [
[
[
[
dI5zaIE
dI5zaIE
dI5zaIE
dI5zaIE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
欲




求
v

v
v
v
想





请求
14
14
14
14 desired
desired
desired
desired adj
adj
adj
adj
渴




想
9
9
9
9 desirable
desirable
desirable
desirable [
[
[
[
dI5zaIErEbl
dI5zaIErEbl
dI5zaIErEbl
dI5zaIErEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
值
4
4
4
4 undesirable
undesirable
undesirable
undesirable [
[
[
[
5QndI5zaIErEbl
5QndI5zaIErEbl
5QndI5zaIErEbl
5QndI5zaIErEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
受欢迎

In face one of the strongest factors
i
n
t
he selection of plantation land was the desire to
have
i
t
f
ront
o
n
a
w
ater highway

28
28
28
28 compared
compared
compared
compared
（
compare[
compare[
compare[
compare[
kEm5peE
kEm5peE
kEm5peE
kEm5peE
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

较




较
27
27
27
27 comparison
comparison
comparison
comparison [
[
[
[
kEm5pArIsn
kEm5pArIsn
kEm5pArIsn
kEm5pArIsn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
较
13
13
13
13 comparable
comparable
comparable
comparable [
[
[
[
5kDmpErEbl
5kDmpErEbl
5kDmpErEbl
5kDmpErEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj

8
8
8
8 comparatively
comparatively
comparatively
comparatively [
[
[
[
kEm5pArEtIvlI
kEm5pArEtIvlI
kEm5pArEtIvlI
kEm5pArEtIvlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
相

The origin of multicellular forms of life seems
a
r
elatively simple step compared to the
origin of life itself

28
28
28
28 communication
communication
communication
communication [
[
[
[
kE7mjunI5keIFn
kE7mjunI5keIFn
kE7mjunI5keIFn
kE7mjunI5keIFn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
沟通




交通
16
16
16
16 communicate
communicate
communicate
communicate [
[
[
[
kE5mjunIkeIt
kE5mjunIkeIt
kE5mjunIkeIt
kE5mjunIkeIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
沟
通交流思想

The first is the broad area of communication which includes imparting information by
use of language communicating with
a
gr
oup or
a
n
i
ndividual and specialized line
communication through performance

28
28
28
28 citizens
citizens
citizens
citizens
（
citizen[
citizen[
citizen[
citizen[
5sItIzn
5sItIzn
5sItIzn
5sItIzn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
市民




公民

Not only did they cater to the governor and his circle but citizens from
a
ll
ov
er the
colony came to the capital for legislative sessions of the assembly and council and the
meetings of the courts of justice

28
28
28
28 center
center
center
center [
[
[
[
5sentE
5sentE
5sentE
5sentE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
中心中心点
v

v
v
v
集
中

As Philadelphia grew from
a
s
mall town into
a
c
ity
i
n
t
he first half of the eighteenth
century
i
t
be
came
a
n
i
ncreasingly important marketing center for
a
v
ast and growing
agricultural hinterland
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
29
29
29
29
28
28
28
28 b
enefit
benefit
benefit
benefit [
[
[
[
5benIfIt
5benIfIt
5benIfIt
5benIfIt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
利益




处
v

v
v
v

益




助
8
8
8
8 beneficial
beneficial
beneficial
beneficial [
[
[
[
benI5fIFEl
benI5fIFEl
benI5fIFEl
benI5fIFEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
益




帮助

Economic growth would benefit everyone by raising national income and expanding
opportunity

28
28
28
28 arch
arch
arch
arch [
[
[
[
BtF
BtF
BtF
BtF
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
拱门




弓形
v

v
v
v

成弧形




拱起

Roman builders perfected the semicircular arch made of separate blocks of stone

28
28
28
28 analyze
analyze
analyze
analyze [
[
[
[
5AnElaIz
5AnElaIz
5AnElaIz
5AnElaIz
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
分
析
18
18
18
18 analysis
analysis
analysis
analysis [
[
[
[
E5nAlIsIs
E5nAlIsIs
E5nAlIsIs
E5nAlIsIs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
分析




解析
3
3
3
3 analysts
analysts
analysts
analysts
（
analyst[
analyst[
analyst[
analyst[
5AnElIst
5AnElIst
5AnElIst
5AnElIst
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
分析者




分解者

Structures can be analyzed
i
n
t
erms of how they deal with downward forces created by
gravity

27
27
27
27 worth
worth
worth
worth [
[
[
[
w＼W
w＼W
w＼W
w＼W
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
价值




财产
adj
adj
adj
adj
值钱

The companies building the canals to transport coal needed surveyors to help them
find the coal deposits worth mining as well as to determine the best courses for the
canals

27
27
27
27 trace
trace
trace
trace [
[
[
[
treIs
treIs
treIs
treIs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
痕迹微量
v

v
v
v

踪




查出

The importance now placed
o
n
a
ttractive and harmonious home decoration can also be
traced to this period when Victorian interior arrangements were revised to admit
greater light and more freely flowing spaces

27
27
27
27 texture
texture
texture
texture [
[
[
[
5tekstFE
5tekstFE
5tekstFE
5tekstFE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
质




纹理
3
3
3
3 textural
textural
textural
textural adj
adj
adj
adj
质




组织

Another method of determining soil texture involves the use of devices called
sediment sieves screens built with
a
s
pecified mesh size

27
27
27
27 surfaces
surfaces
surfaces
surfaces
（
surface[
surface[
surface[
surface[
5s＼fIs
5s＼fIs
5s＼fIs
5s＼fIs
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
面




表面
6
6
6
6 subsurface
subsurface
subsurface
subsurface adj
adj
adj
adj
表面






Leaves develop chlorosis stems are short and slender and anthocyanin discoloration
occurs
o
n
s
tems petioles and lower leaf surfaces

27
27
27
27 rays
rays
rays
rays
（
ray[
ray[
ray[
ray[
reI
reI
reI
reI
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
射线光线
v

v
v
v
放
射显出

Helium nuclei have also been found to be constituents of cosmic rays that fall
o
n
t
he
earth (cosmic rays are not really
a
f
orm of radiation they consist of rapidly moving
particles of numerous different kinds)

27
27
27
27 permitted
permitted
permitted
permitted
（
permit[
permit[
permit[
permit[
pE()5mIt
pE()5mIt
pE()5mIt
pE()5mIt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
许证
v

v
v
v
允
许

Ekman and his colleagues more recently obtained similar results
i
n
a
s
tudy of
t
en
c
ultures
i
n
w
hich participants were permitted to report that multiple emotions were
shown by facial expressions

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
老师
Toefl
词汇红宝书
27
27
27
27 perfect
perfect
perfect
perfect [
[
[
[
5p＼fIkt
5p＼fIkt
5p＼fIkt
5p＼fIkt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v

完美
adj
adj
adj
adj
完美

Grainy and quaint though they are the photos show that the cat was dropped upside
down with no initial spin and still landed
o
n
i
ts body clockwise the rear and tail twist
counterclockwise so that the total spin remains zero
i
n
pe
rfect accord with Newton＇s
laws

27
27
27
27 master
master
master
master [
[
[
[
5mBstE
5mBstE
5mBstE
5mBstE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
师父硕士

The painter or master who is credited with having created the painting may have
designed the work and overseen its production but
i
t
i
s highly unlikely that the artist＇s
hand applied every stroke of the brush

27
27
27
27
f
it
fit
fit
fit
[
[
[
[
f
It
fIt
fIt
fIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
合




身




适
合符合适合
adj
adj
adj
adj
适合




恰

The notion that
a
n
a
rtist could or would dash off
a
n
i
dea
i
n
a
f
it of spontaneous
inspiration was completely alien to these deliberately produced works

27
27
27
27 exhibition
exhibition
exhibition
exhibition [
[
[
[
7eksI5bIFEn
7eksI5bIFEn
7eksI5bIFEn
7eksI5bIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
展览展览会
25
25
25
25 exhibit
exhibit
exhibit
exhibit [
[
[
[
I^5zIbIt
I^5zIbIt
I^5zIbIt
I^5zIbIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
展
现




展览
16
16
16
16 exhibitors
exhibitors
exhibitors
exhibitors
（
exhibitor[
exhibitor[
exhibitor[
exhibitor[
I^`zIbItE(r)
I^`zIbItE(r)
I^`zIbItE(r)
I^`zIbItE(r)
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
展示者




参展者老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
29
29
29
29
28
28
28
28 b
enefit
benefit
benefit
benefit [
[
[
[
5benIfIt
5benIfIt
5benIfIt
5benIfIt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
利益




处
v

v
v
v

益




助
8
8
8
8 beneficial
beneficial
beneficial
beneficial [
[
[
[
benI5fIFEl
benI5fIFEl
benI5fIFEl
benI5fIFEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
益




帮助

Economic growth would benefit everyone by raising national income and expanding
opportunity

28
28
28
28 arch
arch
arch
arch [
[
[
[
BtF
BtF
BtF
BtF
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
拱门




弓形
v

v
v
v

成弧形




拱起

Roman builders perfected the semicircular arch made of separate blocks of stone

28
28
28
28 analyze
analyze
analyze
analyze [
[
[
[
5AnElaIz
5AnElaIz
5AnElaIz
5AnElaIz
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
分
析
18
18
18
18 analysis
analysis
analysis
analysis [
[
[
[
E5nAlIsIs
E5nAlIsIs
E5nAlIsIs
E5nAlIsIs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
分析




解析
3
3
3
3 analysts
analysts
analysts
analysts
（
analyst[
analyst[
analyst[
analyst[
5AnElIst
5AnElIst
5AnElIst
5AnElIst
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
分析者




分解者

Structures can be analyzed
i
n
t
erms of how they deal with downward forces created by
gravity

27
27
27
27 worth
worth
worth
worth [
[
[
[
w＼W
w＼W
w＼W
w＼W
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
价值




财产
adj
adj
adj
adj
值钱

The companies building the canals to transport coal needed surveyors to help them
find the coal deposits worth mining as well as to determine the best courses for the
canals

27
27
27
27 trace
trace
trace
trace [
[
[
[
treIs
treIs
treIs
treIs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
痕迹微量
v

v
v
v

踪




查出

The importance now placed
o
n
a
ttractive and harmonious home decoration can also be
traced to this period when Victorian interior arrangements were revised to admit
greater light and more freely flowing spaces

27
27
27
27 texture
texture
texture
texture [
[
[
[
5tekstFE
5tekstFE
5tekstFE
5tekstFE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
质




纹理
3
3
3
3 textural
textural
textural
textural adj
adj
adj
adj
质




组织

Another method of determining soil texture involves the use of devices called
sediment sieves screens built with
a
s
pecified mesh size

27
27
27
27 surfaces
surfaces
surfaces
surfaces
（
surface[
surface[
surface[
surface[
5s＼fIs
5s＼fIs
5s＼fIs
5s＼fIs
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
面




表面
6
6
6
6 subsurface
subsurface
subsurface
subsurface adj
adj
adj
adj
表面






Leaves develop chlorosis stems are short and slender and anthocyanin discoloration
occurs
o
n
s
tems petioles and lower leaf surfaces

27
27
27
27 rays
rays
rays
rays
（
ray[
ray[
ray[
ray[
reI
reI
reI
reI
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
射线光线
v

v
v
v
放
射显出

Helium nuclei have also been found to be constituents of cosmic rays that fall
o
n
t
he
earth (cosmic rays are not really
a
f
orm of radiation they consist of rapidly moving
particles of numerous different kinds)

27
27
27
27 permitted
permitted
permitted
permitted
（
permit[
permit[
permit[
permit[
pE()5mIt
pE()5mIt
pE()5mIt
pE()5mIt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
许证
v

v
v
v
允
许

Ekman and his colleagues more recently obtained similar results
i
n
a
s
tudy of
t
en
c
ultures
i
n
w
hich participants were permitted to report that multiple emotions were
shown by facial expressions

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
老师
Toefl
词汇红宝书
27
27
27
27 perfect
perfect
perfect
perfect [
[
[
[
5p＼fIkt
5p＼fIkt
5p＼fIkt
5p＼fIkt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v

完美
adj
adj
adj
adj
完美

Grainy and quaint though they are the photos show that the cat was dropped upside
down with no initial spin and still landed
o
n
i
ts body clockwise the rear and tail twist
counterclockwise so that the total spin remains zero
i
n
pe
rfect accord with Newton＇s
laws

27
27
27
27 master
master
master
master [
[
[
[
5mBstE
5mBstE
5mBstE
5mBstE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
师父硕士

The painter or master who is credited with having created the painting may have
designed the work and overseen its production but
i
t
i
s highly unlikely that the artist＇s
hand applied every stroke of the brush

27
27
27
27
f
it
fit
fit
fit
[
[
[
[
f
It
fIt
fIt
fIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
合




身




适
合符合适合
adj
adj
adj
adj
适合




恰

The notion that
a
n
a
rtist could or would dash off
a
n
i
dea
i
n
a
f
it of spontaneous
inspiration was completely alien to these deliberately produced works

27
27
27
27 exhibition
exhibition
exhibition
exhibition [
[
[
[
7eksI5bIFEn
7eksI5bIFEn
7eksI5bIFEn
7eksI5bIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
展览展览会
25
25
25
25 exhibit
exhibit
exhibit
exhibit [
[
[
[
I^5zIbIt
I^5zIbIt
I^5zIbIt
I^5zIbIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
展
现




展览
16
16
16
16 exhibitors
exhibitors
exhibitors
exhibitors
（
exhibitor[
exhibitor[
exhibitor[
exhibitor[
I^`zIbItE(r)
I^`zIbItE(r)
I^`zIbItE(r)
I^`zIbItE(r)
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
展示者




参展者老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
30
30
30
30

F
rom the very beginning music was regarded as
a
n
i
ndispensable accompaniment
when the Lumiere films were shown at the first public film exhibition
i
n
t
he United
States
i
n
F
ebruary 1896 they were accompanied by piano improvisations
o
n
popul
ar
tunes

27
27
27
27 efforts
efforts
efforts
efforts
（
effort[
effort[
effort[
effort[
5efEt
5efEt
5efEt
5efEt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
努力




成

African American graphic artists took their place beside the poets and writers of the
Harlem Renaissance and carried
o
n
e
fforts to increase and promote the visual arts

27
27
27
27 dominated
dominated
dominated
dominated
（
dominate[
dominate[
dominate[
dominate[
5dDmIneIt
5dDmIneIt
5dDmIneIt
5dDmIneIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
支
配




控制
19
19
19
19 dominant
dominant
dominant
dominant [
[
[
[
5dDmInEnt
5dDmInEnt
5dDmInEnt
5dDmInEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
占优势
11
11
11
11 dominance
dominance
dominance
dominance [
[
[
[
5dDmInEns
5dDmInEns
5dDmInEns
5dDmInEns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
优势




支配

T
o
t
ake
a
n
e
xtreme example farmlands dominated by
a
s
ingle crop are so unstable that
one year of bad weather or the invasion of
a
s
ingle pest can destroy the entire crop

27
27
27
27 dinosaurs
dinosaurs
dinosaurs
dinosaurs
（
dinosaur[
dinosaur[
dinosaur[
dinosaur[
5daInEsC
5daInEsC
5daInEsC
5daInEsC
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
恐龙

While there are
a
doz
en or more mass extinctions
i
n
t
he geological record the
Cretaceous mass extinction has always intrigued paleontologists because
i
t
m
arks the
end of the age of the dinosaurs

27
27
27
27 detailed
detailed
detailed
detailed
（
detail[
detail[
detail[
detail[
5diteIl dI5teIl
5diteIl dI5teIl
5diteIl dI5teIl
5diteIl dI5teIl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
细节详情
v

v
v
v
详
述

The group conducting the study concluded from
a
de
tailed analysis that impacts from
meteorites can indeed be hazardous

27
27
27
27 depression
depression
depression
depression [
[
[
[
dI5preFEn
dI5preFEn
dI5preFEn
dI5preFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
衰退 消沉
3
3
3
3 depressed
depressed
depressed
depressed [
[
[
[
dI5prest
dI5prest
dI5prest
dI5prest
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
沮丧

When not
i
n
us
e the fins are tucked into special grooves or depressions so that they lie
flush with the body and do not break up its smooth contours

27
27
27
27 charged
charged
charged
charged
（
charge[
charge[
charge[
charge[
tFBdV
tFBdV
tFBdV
tFBdV
]
]
]
]
）
n

n
n
n
指控




费
v

v
v
v





索
费控诉充满充电
5
5
5
5 recharge
recharge
recharge
recharge [
[
[
[
5ri5tFBdV
5ri5tFBdV
5ri5tFBdV
5ri5tFBdV
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v

充电




控告

Nor does the hypothesis that infantile amnesia reflects repressionor holding backof
sexually charged episodes explain the phenomenon
．

27
27
27
27 b
eliefs
beliefs
beliefs
beliefs
（
belief[
belief[
belief[
belief[
bI5lif
bI5lif
bI5lif
bI5lif
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
相信




信念

These laws are universal
i
n
t
heir application regardless of cultural beliefs geography
or climate

27
27
27
27 basin
basin
basin
basin [
[
[
[
5beIsn
5beIsn
5beIsn
5beIsn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
盆盆水池

There seem to have been several periods within the last tens of thousands of years
when water accumulated
i
n
t
hese basins

27
27
27
27 adopt
adopt
adopt
adopt [
[
[
[
E5dDpt
E5dDpt
E5dDpt
E5dDpt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
采
取收养
4
4
4
4 adoption
adoption
adoption
adoption [
[
[
[
E5dDpFEn
E5dDpFEn
E5dDpFEn
E5dDpFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
采纳收养

Although early colonizers of the islands probably came from agriculturebased
societies they were obliged to adopt
a
n
e
conomy based
o
n
f
ishing

26
26
26
26 vapor
vapor
vapor
vapor [
[
[
[
5veIpE
5veIpE
5veIpE
5veIpE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n



水汽




蒸汽
15
15
15
15 evaporate
evaporate
evaporate
evaporate [
[
[
[
I5vApEreIt
I5vApEreIt
I5vApEreIt
I5vApEreIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v

蒸发




蒸发
5
5
5
5 evaporation
evaporation
evaporation
evaporation [
[
[
[
I7vApE5reIFEn
I7vApE5reIFEn
I7vApE5reIFEn
I7vApE5reIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
蒸发




消失

As the water that collects
i
n
t
he bottom of the nest evaporates the water vapor rises
and is heated by the incubating bird which adds significant humidity to the incubation
environment

26
26
26
26 reveal
reveal
reveal
reveal [
[
[
[
rI5vil
rI5vil
rI5vil
rI5vil
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
露
出




透露




显示

He later worked
o
n
s
imilar jobs across the length and breadth of England
a
ll
t
he while
studying the newly revealed strata and collecting
a
ll
t
he fossils he could find
．

26
26
26
26 t
ypically
typically
typically
typically [
[
[
[
`tIpIkElI
`tIpIkElI
`tIpIkElI
`tIpIkElI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
代表性




典型
24
24
24
24 typical
typical
typical
typical [
[
[
[
5tIpIkEl
5tIpIkEl
5tIpIkEl
5tIpIkEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
典型




象征性

The cave paintings focus
o
n
por
traying animals without also depicting the natural
environments
i
n
w
hich these animals are typically found
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
30
30
30
30

F
rom the very beginning music was regarded as
a
n
i
ndispensable accompaniment
when the Lumiere films were shown at the first public film exhibition
i
n
t
he United
States
i
n
F
ebruary 1896 they were accompanied by piano improvisations
o
n
popul
ar
tunes

27
27
27
27 efforts
efforts
efforts
efforts
（
effort[
effort[
effort[
effort[
5efEt
5efEt
5efEt
5efEt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
努力




成

African American graphic artists took their place beside the poets and writers of the
Harlem Renaissance and carried
o
n
e
fforts to increase and promote the visual arts

27
27
27
27 dominated
dominated
dominated
dominated
（
dominate[
dominate[
dominate[
dominate[
5dDmIneIt
5dDmIneIt
5dDmIneIt
5dDmIneIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
支
配




控制
19
19
19
19 dominant
dominant
dominant
dominant [
[
[
[
5dDmInEnt
5dDmInEnt
5dDmInEnt
5dDmInEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
占优势
11
11
11
11 dominance
dominance
dominance
dominance [
[
[
[
5dDmInEns
5dDmInEns
5dDmInEns
5dDmInEns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
优势




支配

T
o
t
ake
a
n
e
xtreme example farmlands dominated by
a
s
ingle crop are so unstable that
one year of bad weather or the invasion of
a
s
ingle pest can destroy the entire crop

27
27
27
27 dinosaurs
dinosaurs
dinosaurs
dinosaurs
（
dinosaur[
dinosaur[
dinosaur[
dinosaur[
5daInEsC
5daInEsC
5daInEsC
5daInEsC
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
恐龙

While there are
a
doz
en or more mass extinctions
i
n
t
he geological record the
Cretaceous mass extinction has always intrigued paleontologists because
i
t
m
arks the
end of the age of the dinosaurs

27
27
27
27 detailed
detailed
detailed
detailed
（
detail[
detail[
detail[
detail[
5diteIl dI5teIl
5diteIl dI5teIl
5diteIl dI5teIl
5diteIl dI5teIl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
细节详情
v

v
v
v
详
述

The group conducting the study concluded from
a
de
tailed analysis that impacts from
meteorites can indeed be hazardous

27
27
27
27 depression
depression
depression
depression [
[
[
[
dI5preFEn
dI5preFEn
dI5preFEn
dI5preFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
衰退 消沉
3
3
3
3 depressed
depressed
depressed
depressed [
[
[
[
dI5prest
dI5prest
dI5prest
dI5prest
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
沮丧

When not
i
n
us
e the fins are tucked into special grooves or depressions so that they lie
flush with the body and do not break up its smooth contours

27
27
27
27 charged
charged
charged
charged
（
charge[
charge[
charge[
charge[
tFBdV
tFBdV
tFBdV
tFBdV
]
]
]
]
）
n

n
n
n
指控




费
v

v
v
v





索
费控诉充满充电
5
5
5
5 recharge
recharge
recharge
recharge [
[
[
[
5ri5tFBdV
5ri5tFBdV
5ri5tFBdV
5ri5tFBdV
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v

充电




控告

Nor does the hypothesis that infantile amnesia reflects repressionor holding backof
sexually charged episodes explain the phenomenon
．

27
27
27
27 b
eliefs
beliefs
beliefs
beliefs
（
belief[
belief[
belief[
belief[
bI5lif
bI5lif
bI5lif
bI5lif
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
相信




信念

These laws are universal
i
n
t
heir application regardless of cultural beliefs geography
or climate

27
27
27
27 basin
basin
basin
basin [
[
[
[
5beIsn
5beIsn
5beIsn
5beIsn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
盆盆水池

There seem to have been several periods within the last tens of thousands of years
when water accumulated
i
n
t
hese basins

27
27
27
27 adopt
adopt
adopt
adopt [
[
[
[
E5dDpt
E5dDpt
E5dDpt
E5dDpt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
采
取收养
4
4
4
4 adoption
adoption
adoption
adoption [
[
[
[
E5dDpFEn
E5dDpFEn
E5dDpFEn
E5dDpFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
采纳收养

Although early colonizers of the islands probably came from agriculturebased
societies they were obliged to adopt
a
n
e
conomy based
o
n
f
ishing

26
26
26
26 vapor
vapor
vapor
vapor [
[
[
[
5veIpE
5veIpE
5veIpE
5veIpE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n



水汽




蒸汽
15
15
15
15 evaporate
evaporate
evaporate
evaporate [
[
[
[
I5vApEreIt
I5vApEreIt
I5vApEreIt
I5vApEreIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v

蒸发




蒸发
5
5
5
5 evaporation
evaporation
evaporation
evaporation [
[
[
[
I7vApE5reIFEn
I7vApE5reIFEn
I7vApE5reIFEn
I7vApE5reIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
蒸发




消失

As the water that collects
i
n
t
he bottom of the nest evaporates the water vapor rises
and is heated by the incubating bird which adds significant humidity to the incubation
environment

26
26
26
26 reveal
reveal
reveal
reveal [
[
[
[
rI5vil
rI5vil
rI5vil
rI5vil
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
露
出




透露




显示

He later worked
o
n
s
imilar jobs across the length and breadth of England
a
ll
t
he while
studying the newly revealed strata and collecting
a
ll
t
he fossils he could find
．

26
26
26
26 t
ypically
typically
typically
typically [
[
[
[
`tIpIkElI
`tIpIkElI
`tIpIkElI
`tIpIkElI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
代表性




典型
24
24
24
24 typical
typical
typical
typical [
[
[
[
5tIpIkEl
5tIpIkEl
5tIpIkEl
5tIpIkEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
典型




象征性

The cave paintings focus
o
n
por
traying animals without also depicting the natural
environments
i
n
w
hich these animals are typically found
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
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：
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
31
31
31
31
26
26
26
26 t
urbines
turbines
turbines
turbines
（
turbine[
turbine[
turbine[
turbine[
5t＼bIn baIn
5t＼bIn baIn
5t＼bIn baIn
5t＼bIn baIn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
涡轮

Responding to environmentalists concerned about birds killed by wind turbines
analysts point to other human developments that are even more dangerous to birds

26
26
26
26 transformed
transformed
transformed
transformed
（
transform[
transform[
transform[
transform[
trAns5fCm
trAns5fCm
trAns5fCm
trAns5fCm
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
转
换




改造
8
8
8
8 transformation
transformation
transformation
transformation [
[
[
[
7trAnsfE5meIFEn
7trAnsfE5meIFEn
7trAnsfE5meIFEn
7trAnsfE5meIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
变化




改适

The ensuing rapid expansion of irrigation agriculture especially from the 1950＇s
onward transformed the economy of the region

26
26
26
26 strength
strength
strength
strength [
[
[
[
streNW
streNW
streNW
streNW
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
力




力量
7
7
7
7 strengthened
strengthened
strengthened
strengthened
[
[
[
[
5streNWEnd
5streNWEnd
5streNWEnd
5streNWEnd
]
]
]
]
adj
adj
adj
adj
加强

Unchanging physical laws have limited the size and strength of buildings that can be
made with materials discovered long ago

26
26
26
26 scholars
scholars
scholars
scholars
（
scholar[
scholar[
scholar[
scholar[
5skDlE
5skDlE
5skDlE
5skDlE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
学者

In addition to exploring the possible antecedents of theater scholars have also
theorized about the motives that led people to develop theater

26
26
26
26 rent
rent
rent
rent [
[
[
[
rent
rent
rent
rent
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
租金
v

v
v
v
租

7
7
7
7 rental
rental
rental
rental [
[
[
[
5rentl
5rentl
5rentl
5rentl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
租金




租赁

Rent control is the system whereby the local government tells building owners how
much they can charge their tenants
i
n
r
ent

26
26
26
26 properties
properties
properties
properties
（
property[
property[
property[
property[
5prDpEtI
5prDpEtI
5prDpEtI
5prDpEtI
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
财产




性质

Making fineart objects stable requires
a
n
unde
rstanding of the properties of mass 143
weight distribution and stress

26
26
26
26 practical
practical
practical
practical [
[
[
[
5prAktIkEl
5prAktIkEl
5prAktIkEl
5prAktIkEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
实际




实性

Architecture is the art and science of designing structures that organize and enclose
space for practical and symbolic purposes

26
26
26
26 photographs
photographs
photographs
photographs
（
photograph[
photograph[
photograph[
photograph[
5fEJtE^rBf ^rAf
5fEJtE^rBf ^rAf
5fEJtE^rBf ^rAf
5fEJtE^rBf ^rAf
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
片
10
10
10
10 photography
photography
photography
photography [
[
[
[
fE5tD^rEfI
fE5tD^rEfI
fE5tD^rEfI
fE5tD^rEfI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
摄影




摄影术
10
10
10
10 photographic
photographic
photographic
photographic [
[
[
[
fEJtE5^rAfIk
fEJtE5^rAfIk
fEJtE5^rAfIk
fEJtE5^rAfIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
相

A
de
tailed study has been made of the prints using photogrammetry
a
t
echnique for
obtaining measurements through photographs which created
a
dr
awing showing
a
ll
t
he
curves and contours of the prints

26
26
26
26 performed
performed
performed
performed
（
perform[
perform[
perform[
perform[
pE5fCm
pE5fCm
pE5fCm
pE5fCm
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
履
行




完成
13
13
13
13 performers
performers
performers
performers
（
performer[
performer[
performer[
performer[
pE5fCmE(r)
pE5fCmE(r)
pE5fCmE(r)
pE5fCmE(r)
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
表演者

Rather their special properties will make possible investigations that will complemen
t
t
hose performed with light and electronbased instruments

26
26
26
26 motion
motion
motion
motion [
[
[
[
5mEJFEn
5mEJFEn
5mEJFEn
5mEJFEn
]n
]n
]n
]n
运动




动作

Feeding courtship reproduction and even rest are carried out while
i
n
c
onstant
motion

26
26
26
26 minor
minor
minor
minor [
[
[
[
5maInE
5maInE
5maInE
5maInE
]adj
]adj
]adj
]adj
较

Once
a
n
oa
k tree becomes established
i
t
i
s likely to survive minor cycles of drought
and even fire

26
26
26
26 machinery
machinery
machinery
machinery [
[
[
[
mE5FinErI
mE5FinErI
mE5FinErI
mE5FinErI
]n
]n
]n
]n
机器




结构

After 1815 this older form of manufacturing began to give way to factories with
machinery tended by unskilled or semiskilled laborers

26
26
26
26 crystals
crystals
crystals
crystals
（
crystal[
crystal[
crystal[
crystal[
5krIstl
5krIstl
5krIstl
5krIstl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
水晶
9
9
9
9 crystalline
crystalline
crystalline
crystalline [
[
[
[
5krIstElaIn
5krIstElaIn
5krIstElaIn
5krIstElaIn
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
水晶




结晶性

In effect as molten glass cools
i
t
pr
ogressively stiffens until rigid but does so without
setting up
a
ne
twork of interlocking crystals customarily associated with that process

26
26
26
26 canal
canal
canal
canal [
[
[
[
kE5nAl
kE5nAl
kE5nAl
kE5nAl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
运河水道老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
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词汇红宝书
31
31
31
31
26
26
26
26 t
urbines
turbines
turbines
turbines
（
turbine[
turbine[
turbine[
turbine[
5t＼bIn baIn
5t＼bIn baIn
5t＼bIn baIn
5t＼bIn baIn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
涡轮

Responding to environmentalists concerned about birds killed by wind turbines
analysts point to other human developments that are even more dangerous to birds

26
26
26
26 transformed
transformed
transformed
transformed
（
transform[
transform[
transform[
transform[
trAns5fCm
trAns5fCm
trAns5fCm
trAns5fCm
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
转
换




改造
8
8
8
8 transformation
transformation
transformation
transformation [
[
[
[
7trAnsfE5meIFEn
7trAnsfE5meIFEn
7trAnsfE5meIFEn
7trAnsfE5meIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
变化




改适

The ensuing rapid expansion of irrigation agriculture especially from the 1950＇s
onward transformed the economy of the region

26
26
26
26 strength
strength
strength
strength [
[
[
[
streNW
streNW
streNW
streNW
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
力




力量
7
7
7
7 strengthened
strengthened
strengthened
strengthened
[
[
[
[
5streNWEnd
5streNWEnd
5streNWEnd
5streNWEnd
]
]
]
]
adj
adj
adj
adj
加强

Unchanging physical laws have limited the size and strength of buildings that can be
made with materials discovered long ago

26
26
26
26 scholars
scholars
scholars
scholars
（
scholar[
scholar[
scholar[
scholar[
5skDlE
5skDlE
5skDlE
5skDlE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
学者

In addition to exploring the possible antecedents of theater scholars have also
theorized about the motives that led people to develop theater

26
26
26
26 rent
rent
rent
rent [
[
[
[
rent
rent
rent
rent
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
租金
v

v
v
v
租

7
7
7
7 rental
rental
rental
rental [
[
[
[
5rentl
5rentl
5rentl
5rentl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
租金




租赁

Rent control is the system whereby the local government tells building owners how
much they can charge their tenants
i
n
r
ent

26
26
26
26 properties
properties
properties
properties
（
property[
property[
property[
property[
5prDpEtI
5prDpEtI
5prDpEtI
5prDpEtI
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
财产




性质

Making fineart objects stable requires
a
n
unde
rstanding of the properties of mass 143
weight distribution and stress

26
26
26
26 practical
practical
practical
practical [
[
[
[
5prAktIkEl
5prAktIkEl
5prAktIkEl
5prAktIkEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
实际




实性

Architecture is the art and science of designing structures that organize and enclose
space for practical and symbolic purposes

26
26
26
26 photographs
photographs
photographs
photographs
（
photograph[
photograph[
photograph[
photograph[
5fEJtE^rBf ^rAf
5fEJtE^rBf ^rAf
5fEJtE^rBf ^rAf
5fEJtE^rBf ^rAf
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
片
10
10
10
10 photography
photography
photography
photography [
[
[
[
fE5tD^rEfI
fE5tD^rEfI
fE5tD^rEfI
fE5tD^rEfI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
摄影




摄影术
10
10
10
10 photographic
photographic
photographic
photographic [
[
[
[
fEJtE5^rAfIk
fEJtE5^rAfIk
fEJtE5^rAfIk
fEJtE5^rAfIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
相

A
de
tailed study has been made of the prints using photogrammetry
a
t
echnique for
obtaining measurements through photographs which created
a
dr
awing showing
a
ll
t
he
curves and contours of the prints

26
26
26
26 performed
performed
performed
performed
（
perform[
perform[
perform[
perform[
pE5fCm
pE5fCm
pE5fCm
pE5fCm
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
履
行




完成
13
13
13
13 performers
performers
performers
performers
（
performer[
performer[
performer[
performer[
pE5fCmE(r)
pE5fCmE(r)
pE5fCmE(r)
pE5fCmE(r)
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
表演者

Rather their special properties will make possible investigations that will complemen
t
t
hose performed with light and electronbased instruments

26
26
26
26 motion
motion
motion
motion [
[
[
[
5mEJFEn
5mEJFEn
5mEJFEn
5mEJFEn
]n
]n
]n
]n
运动




动作

Feeding courtship reproduction and even rest are carried out while
i
n
c
onstant
motion

26
26
26
26 minor
minor
minor
minor [
[
[
[
5maInE
5maInE
5maInE
5maInE
]adj
]adj
]adj
]adj
较

Once
a
n
oa
k tree becomes established
i
t
i
s likely to survive minor cycles of drought
and even fire

26
26
26
26 machinery
machinery
machinery
machinery [
[
[
[
mE5FinErI
mE5FinErI
mE5FinErI
mE5FinErI
]n
]n
]n
]n
机器




结构

After 1815 this older form of manufacturing began to give way to factories with
machinery tended by unskilled or semiskilled laborers

26
26
26
26 crystals
crystals
crystals
crystals
（
crystal[
crystal[
crystal[
crystal[
5krIstl
5krIstl
5krIstl
5krIstl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
水晶
9
9
9
9 crystalline
crystalline
crystalline
crystalline [
[
[
[
5krIstElaIn
5krIstElaIn
5krIstElaIn
5krIstElaIn
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
水晶




结晶性

In effect as molten glass cools
i
t
pr
ogressively stiffens until rigid but does so without
setting up
a
ne
twork of interlocking crystals customarily associated with that process

26
26
26
26 canal
canal
canal
canal [
[
[
[
kE5nAl
kE5nAl
kE5nAl
kE5nAl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
运河水道老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
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Toefl
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Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
32
32
32
32

T
he participation of state governments
i
n
r
ailroad canal and turnpike construction

26
26
26
26 l
oose
loose
loose
loose [
[
[
[
lus
lus
lus
lus
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
放
松释放
adj
adj
adj
adj
宽松

Water is stored underground
i
n
be
ds of loose sand and gravel or
i
n
c
emented
sediment

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
26
26
26
26 profit
profit
profit
profit [
[
[
[
5prDfIt
5prDfIt
5prDfIt
5prDfIt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
利润




利益
v

v
v
v

益
10
10
10
10 profitable
profitable
profitable
profitable adj
adj
adj
adj
利润




赚钱

This law was intended to provide land for small farmers and to prevent land from
being bought for resale at
a
pr
ofit or being owned by large landholders

26
26
26
26 internal
internal
internal
internal [
[
[
[
In5t＼nl
In5t＼nl
In5t＼nl
In5t＼nl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
质




性
adj
adj
adj
adj


If Jupiter had had more mass
i
t
w
ould have developed internal nuclear reactions

26
26
26
26 inhabitants
inhabitants
inhabitants
inhabitants
（
inhabitant[
inhabitant[
inhabitant[
inhabitant[
In5hAbItEnt
In5hAbItEnt
In5hAbItEnt
In5hAbItEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
居民




居住者
18
18
18
18 inhabited
inhabited
inhabited
inhabited
（
inhabit[
inhabit[
inhabit[
inhabit[
In5hAbIt
In5hAbIt
In5hAbIt
In5hAbIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
居
住




栖息

Urban population was defined as persons living
i
n
t
owns of 8000 inhabitants or
more But after 1900
i
t
m
eant persons living
i
n
i
ncorporated places having 2500 or
more inhabitants

26
26
26
26 ideal
ideal
ideal
ideal [
[
[
[
aI5dIEl
aI5dIEl
aI5dIEl
aI5dIEl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
理想典范
adj
adj
adj
adj
理想

It was therefore
a
n
i
deal technique for emphasizing the hard linear edges and pure
fine areas of color that were so much
a
pa
rt of the overall aesthetic of the time

26
26
26
26 chimpanzee
chimpanzee
chimpanzee
chimpanzee [
[
[
[
5tFImpEn5zi
5tFImpEn5zi
5tFImpEn5zi
5tFImpEn5zi
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
黑猩猩

The first time Gallup tried the experiment with
a
c
himpanzee the animal acted as if
i
t
kne
w that the reflection was its own
i
t
t
ouched the red spot
o
n
i
ts forehead

26
26
26
26 feeding
feeding
feeding
feeding
（
feed[
feed[
feed[
feed[
fid
fid
fid
fid
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
喂
养




放牧
10
10
10
10 feedback
feedback
feedback
feedback [
[
[
[
5fidbAk
5fidbAk
5fidbAk
5fidbAk
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
反应反馈

Great tracts of lowland country deforested by logging fire or both have become idea
l
f
eeding grounds of deer

26
26
26
26 expansion
expansion
expansion
expansion [
[
[
[
Iks5pAnFEn
Iks5pAnFEn
Iks5pAnFEn
Iks5pAnFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
扩充




膨胀
39
39
39
39 expanded
expanded
expanded
expanded
（
expand[
expand[
expand[
expand[
Iks5pAnd
Iks5pAnd
Iks5pAnd
Iks5pAnd
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

膨胀




扩张

The technology is
i
n
pl
ace for
a
m
ajor expansion of wind power worldwide

26
26
26
26 solutions
solutions
solutions
solutions
（
solution[
solution[
solution[
solution[
sE5ljuFEn
sE5ljuFEn
sE5ljuFEn
sE5ljuFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
解决




溶液

This technique allows researchers to create solutions that selectively omit certain
nutrients and then observe the resulting effects
o
n
t
he plants

26
26
26
26 portrayed
portrayed
portrayed
portrayed
（
portray[
portray[
portray[
portray[
pC5treI
pC5treI
pC5treI
pC5treI
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
描
写画

All groups including the Fore who had almost no contact with Western culture
agreed
o
n
t
he portrayed emotions

26
26
26
26 parlors
parlors
parlors
parlors
（
parlor[
parlor[
parlor[
parlor[
5pBlE
5pBlE
5pBlE
5pBlE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
店

Kinetoscope parlors for viewing films were modeled
o
n
phonogr
aph parlors

26
26
26
26 merchants
merchants
merchants
merchants
（
merchant[
merchant[
merchant[
merchant[
5m＼tFEnt
5m＼tFEnt
5m＼tFEnt
5m＼tFEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
商
adj
adj
adj
adj
商业

Auctions were another popular form of occasional trade Because of the competition
retail merchants opposed these as well as the fairs

26
26
26
26 extreme
extreme
extreme
extreme [
[
[
[
Iks5trim
Iks5trim
Iks5trim
Iks5trim
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
极端




末端
adj
adj
adj
adj
极端




头
17
17
17
17 extremely
extremely
extremely
extremely [
[
[
[
Iks5trimlI
Iks5trimlI
Iks5trimlI
Iks5trimlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
极端






Birch is one of the few species of tree that can survive
i
n
t
he extreme environments of
the upper timberline

26
26
26
26 dust
dust
dust
dust [
[
[
[
dQst
dQst
dQst
dQst
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
灰尘




粉末

Scientists first identified this impact
i
n
1980 f
rom the worldwide layer of sediment
deposited from the dust cloud that enveloped the planet after the impact

26
26
26
26 distinct
distinct
distinct
distinct [
[
[
[
dIs5tINkt
dIs5tINkt
dIs5tINkt
dIs5tINkt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
清楚明显老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
32
32
32
32

T
he participation of state governments
i
n
r
ailroad canal and turnpike construction

26
26
26
26 l
oose
loose
loose
loose [
[
[
[
lus
lus
lus
lus
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
放
松释放
adj
adj
adj
adj
宽松

Water is stored underground
i
n
be
ds of loose sand and gravel or
i
n
c
emented
sediment

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
26
26
26
26 profit
profit
profit
profit [
[
[
[
5prDfIt
5prDfIt
5prDfIt
5prDfIt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
利润




利益
v

v
v
v

益
10
10
10
10 profitable
profitable
profitable
profitable adj
adj
adj
adj
利润




赚钱

This law was intended to provide land for small farmers and to prevent land from
being bought for resale at
a
pr
ofit or being owned by large landholders

26
26
26
26 internal
internal
internal
internal [
[
[
[
In5t＼nl
In5t＼nl
In5t＼nl
In5t＼nl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
质




性
adj
adj
adj
adj


If Jupiter had had more mass
i
t
w
ould have developed internal nuclear reactions

26
26
26
26 inhabitants
inhabitants
inhabitants
inhabitants
（
inhabitant[
inhabitant[
inhabitant[
inhabitant[
In5hAbItEnt
In5hAbItEnt
In5hAbItEnt
In5hAbItEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
居民




居住者
18
18
18
18 inhabited
inhabited
inhabited
inhabited
（
inhabit[
inhabit[
inhabit[
inhabit[
In5hAbIt
In5hAbIt
In5hAbIt
In5hAbIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
居
住




栖息

Urban population was defined as persons living
i
n
t
owns of 8000 inhabitants or
more But after 1900
i
t
m
eant persons living
i
n
i
ncorporated places having 2500 or
more inhabitants

26
26
26
26 ideal
ideal
ideal
ideal [
[
[
[
aI5dIEl
aI5dIEl
aI5dIEl
aI5dIEl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
理想典范
adj
adj
adj
adj
理想

It was therefore
a
n
i
deal technique for emphasizing the hard linear edges and pure
fine areas of color that were so much
a
pa
rt of the overall aesthetic of the time

26
26
26
26 chimpanzee
chimpanzee
chimpanzee
chimpanzee [
[
[
[
5tFImpEn5zi
5tFImpEn5zi
5tFImpEn5zi
5tFImpEn5zi
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
黑猩猩

The first time Gallup tried the experiment with
a
c
himpanzee the animal acted as if
i
t
kne
w that the reflection was its own
i
t
t
ouched the red spot
o
n
i
ts forehead

26
26
26
26 feeding
feeding
feeding
feeding
（
feed[
feed[
feed[
feed[
fid
fid
fid
fid
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
喂
养




放牧
10
10
10
10 feedback
feedback
feedback
feedback [
[
[
[
5fidbAk
5fidbAk
5fidbAk
5fidbAk
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
反应反馈

Great tracts of lowland country deforested by logging fire or both have become idea
l
f
eeding grounds of deer

26
26
26
26 expansion
expansion
expansion
expansion [
[
[
[
Iks5pAnFEn
Iks5pAnFEn
Iks5pAnFEn
Iks5pAnFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
扩充




膨胀
39
39
39
39 expanded
expanded
expanded
expanded
（
expand[
expand[
expand[
expand[
Iks5pAnd
Iks5pAnd
Iks5pAnd
Iks5pAnd
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

膨胀




扩张

The technology is
i
n
pl
ace for
a
m
ajor expansion of wind power worldwide

26
26
26
26 solutions
solutions
solutions
solutions
（
solution[
solution[
solution[
solution[
sE5ljuFEn
sE5ljuFEn
sE5ljuFEn
sE5ljuFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
解决




溶液

This technique allows researchers to create solutions that selectively omit certain
nutrients and then observe the resulting effects
o
n
t
he plants

26
26
26
26 portrayed
portrayed
portrayed
portrayed
（
portray[
portray[
portray[
portray[
pC5treI
pC5treI
pC5treI
pC5treI
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
描
写画

All groups including the Fore who had almost no contact with Western culture
agreed
o
n
t
he portrayed emotions

26
26
26
26 parlors
parlors
parlors
parlors
（
parlor[
parlor[
parlor[
parlor[
5pBlE
5pBlE
5pBlE
5pBlE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
店

Kinetoscope parlors for viewing films were modeled
o
n
phonogr
aph parlors

26
26
26
26 merchants
merchants
merchants
merchants
（
merchant[
merchant[
merchant[
merchant[
5m＼tFEnt
5m＼tFEnt
5m＼tFEnt
5m＼tFEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
商
adj
adj
adj
adj
商业

Auctions were another popular form of occasional trade Because of the competition
retail merchants opposed these as well as the fairs

26
26
26
26 extreme
extreme
extreme
extreme [
[
[
[
Iks5trim
Iks5trim
Iks5trim
Iks5trim
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
极端




末端
adj
adj
adj
adj
极端




头
17
17
17
17 extremely
extremely
extremely
extremely [
[
[
[
Iks5trimlI
Iks5trimlI
Iks5trimlI
Iks5trimlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
极端






Birch is one of the few species of tree that can survive
i
n
t
he extreme environments of
the upper timberline

26
26
26
26 dust
dust
dust
dust [
[
[
[
dQst
dQst
dQst
dQst
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
灰尘




粉末

Scientists first identified this impact
i
n
1980 f
rom the worldwide layer of sediment
deposited from the dust cloud that enveloped the planet after the impact

26
26
26
26 distinct
distinct
distinct
distinct [
[
[
[
dIs5tINkt
dIs5tINkt
dIs5tINkt
dIs5tINkt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
清楚明显老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
33
33
33
33
15
15
15
15 d
istinctive
distinctive
distinctive
distinctive [
[
[
[
dIs5tINktIv
dIs5tINktIv
dIs5tINktIv
dIs5tINktIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
特色
14
14
14
14 distinction
distinction
distinction
distinction [
[
[
[
dIs5tINkFEn
dIs5tINkFEn
dIs5tINkFEn
dIs5tINkFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
区差

Throughout history buildings have been constructed like human bodies needing
distinct organ systems
i
n
or
der to function

26
26
26
26 comet
comet
comet
comet [
[
[
[
5kDmIt
5kDmIt
5kDmIt
5kDmIt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
彗星

Objects
i
n
t
he universe show
a
v
ariety of shapes round planets (some with rings)
tailed comets wispy cosmic gas and dust clouds ringed nebulae pinwheelshaped
spiral galaxies and so on

26
26
26
26 beads
beads
beads
beads
（
bead[
bead[
bead[
bead[
bid
bid
bid
bid
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
珠子




水珠

The earliest discovered traces of art are beads and carvings and then paintings from
sites dating back to the Upper Paleolithic period

26
26
26
26 basis
basis
basis
basis [
[
[
[
5beIsIs
5beIsIs
5beIsIs
5beIsIs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
基础

The President began to address the Senate
o
n
a
r
egular basis

25
25
25
25 tulips
tulips
tulips
tulips
（
tulip[
tulip[
tulip[
tulip[
5tjulIp
5tjulIp
5tjulIp
5tjulIp
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
郁金香

Tulips are Old World rather than New World plants with the origins of the species
lying
i
n
C
entral Asia

25
25
25
25 textile
textile
textile
textile [
[
[
[
5tekstaIl
5tekstaIl
5tekstaIl
5tekstaIl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
纺织品
adj
adj
adj
adj
纺织

Only the last of these was suited at
a
ll
t
o the continuous operating of machines and
although waterpower abounded
i
n
L
ancashire and Scotland and ran grain mills as well
as textile mills
i
t
ha
d one great disadvantage
：
streams flowed where nature intended
them to and waterdriven factories had to be located
o
n
t
heir banks whether or not the
location was desirable for other reasons

25
25
25
25 terrestrial
terrestrial
terrestrial
terrestrial [
[
[
[
tI5restrIEl
tI5restrIEl
tI5restrIEl
tI5restrIEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
球




陆

The explosion is also calculated to have produced vast quantities of nitric acid and
melted rock that sprayed out over much of Earth starting widespread fires that must
have consumed most terrestrial forests and grassland

25
25
25
25 surge
surge
surge
surge [
[
[
[
s＼dV
s＼dV
s＼dV
s＼dV
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
汹
涌




蜂拥

During most of their lives surge glaciers behave like normal glaciers traveling
perhaps only
a
c
ouple of inches per day

25
25
25
25 specialized
specialized
specialized
specialized
（
specialize[
specialize[
specialize[
specialize[
5speFElaIz
5speFElaIz
5speFElaIz
5speFElaIz
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
专
攻专门事
7
7
7
7 specialization
specialization
specialization
specialization [
[
[
[
7speFElaI5zeIFEn
7speFElaI5zeIFEn
7speFElaI5zeIFEn
7speFElaI5zeIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
特长专门化
3
3
3
3 specially
specially
specially
specially [
[
[
[
5speFElI
5speFElI
5speFElI
5speFElI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
特

Public performance is
a
m
anner of communication that is highly specialized with its
own techniques for obtaining effects by voice and or gesture

25
25
25
25 readily
readily
readily
readily [
[
[
[
5redIlI
5redIlI
5redIlI
5redIlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
容易乐意

Exhibitors however wanted to maximize their profits which they could do more
readily by projecting
a
ha
ndful of films to hundreds of customers at
a
t
ime (rather than
one at
a
t
ime) and by charging 25 to 50 cents admission

25
25
25
25 potential
potential
potential
potential [
[
[
[
pE5tenF(E)l
pE5tenF(E)l
pE5tenF(E)l
pE5tenF(E)l
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
潜力




潜
4
4
4
4 potentially
potentially
potentially
potentially
[
[
[
[
pE5tenF(E)llI
pE5tenF(E)llI
pE5tenF(E)llI
pE5tenF(E)llI
]
]
]
]
adv
adv
adv
adv
潜

One potential problem is that opening the mouth to breathe detracts from the
streamlining of these fishes and tends to slow them down

25
25
25
25 migration
migration
migration
migration [
[
[
[
maI5^reIFEn
maI5^reIFEn
maI5^reIFEn
maI5^reIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
迁移
10
10
10
10 migrate
migrate
migrate
migrate [
[
[
[
maI5^reIt 5maI^reIt
maI5^reIt 5maI^reIt
maI5^reIt 5maI^reIt
maI5^reIt 5maI^reIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
迁
移
6
6
6
6 migratory
migratory
migratory
migratory [
[
[
[
5maI^rEtErI maI5^reItErI
5maI^rEtErI maI5^reItErI
5maI^rEtErI maI5^reItErI
5maI^rEtErI maI5^reItErI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
迁移
4
4
4
4 immigration
immigration
immigration
immigration [
[
[
[
7ImI5^reIFEn
7ImI5^reIFEn
7ImI5^reIFEn
7ImI5^reIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
外移民

Later Heyerdahl suggested that the Pacific was peopled by three migrations by Native
Americans from the Pacific Northwest of North America drifting to Hawaii by
Peruvians drifting to Easter Island and by Melanesians

25
25
25
25 masks
masks
masks
masks
（
mask[
mask[
mask[
mask[
mBsk
mBsk
mBsk
mBsk
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
遮蔽物伪装
v

v
v
v
掩
饰老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
33
33
33
33
15
15
15
15 d
istinctive
distinctive
distinctive
distinctive [
[
[
[
dIs5tINktIv
dIs5tINktIv
dIs5tINktIv
dIs5tINktIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
特色
14
14
14
14 distinction
distinction
distinction
distinction [
[
[
[
dIs5tINkFEn
dIs5tINkFEn
dIs5tINkFEn
dIs5tINkFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
区差

Throughout history buildings have been constructed like human bodies needing
distinct organ systems
i
n
or
der to function

26
26
26
26 comet
comet
comet
comet [
[
[
[
5kDmIt
5kDmIt
5kDmIt
5kDmIt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
彗星

Objects
i
n
t
he universe show
a
v
ariety of shapes round planets (some with rings)
tailed comets wispy cosmic gas and dust clouds ringed nebulae pinwheelshaped
spiral galaxies and so on

26
26
26
26 beads
beads
beads
beads
（
bead[
bead[
bead[
bead[
bid
bid
bid
bid
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
珠子




水珠

The earliest discovered traces of art are beads and carvings and then paintings from
sites dating back to the Upper Paleolithic period

26
26
26
26 basis
basis
basis
basis [
[
[
[
5beIsIs
5beIsIs
5beIsIs
5beIsIs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
基础

The President began to address the Senate
o
n
a
r
egular basis

25
25
25
25 tulips
tulips
tulips
tulips
（
tulip[
tulip[
tulip[
tulip[
5tjulIp
5tjulIp
5tjulIp
5tjulIp
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
郁金香

Tulips are Old World rather than New World plants with the origins of the species
lying
i
n
C
entral Asia

25
25
25
25 textile
textile
textile
textile [
[
[
[
5tekstaIl
5tekstaIl
5tekstaIl
5tekstaIl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
纺织品
adj
adj
adj
adj
纺织

Only the last of these was suited at
a
ll
t
o the continuous operating of machines and
although waterpower abounded
i
n
L
ancashire and Scotland and ran grain mills as well
as textile mills
i
t
ha
d one great disadvantage
：
streams flowed where nature intended
them to and waterdriven factories had to be located
o
n
t
heir banks whether or not the
location was desirable for other reasons

25
25
25
25 terrestrial
terrestrial
terrestrial
terrestrial [
[
[
[
tI5restrIEl
tI5restrIEl
tI5restrIEl
tI5restrIEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
球




陆

The explosion is also calculated to have produced vast quantities of nitric acid and
melted rock that sprayed out over much of Earth starting widespread fires that must
have consumed most terrestrial forests and grassland

25
25
25
25 surge
surge
surge
surge [
[
[
[
s＼dV
s＼dV
s＼dV
s＼dV
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
汹
涌




蜂拥

During most of their lives surge glaciers behave like normal glaciers traveling
perhaps only
a
c
ouple of inches per day

25
25
25
25 specialized
specialized
specialized
specialized
（
specialize[
specialize[
specialize[
specialize[
5speFElaIz
5speFElaIz
5speFElaIz
5speFElaIz
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
专
攻专门事
7
7
7
7 specialization
specialization
specialization
specialization [
[
[
[
7speFElaI5zeIFEn
7speFElaI5zeIFEn
7speFElaI5zeIFEn
7speFElaI5zeIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
特长专门化
3
3
3
3 specially
specially
specially
specially [
[
[
[
5speFElI
5speFElI
5speFElI
5speFElI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
特

Public performance is
a
m
anner of communication that is highly specialized with its
own techniques for obtaining effects by voice and or gesture

25
25
25
25 readily
readily
readily
readily [
[
[
[
5redIlI
5redIlI
5redIlI
5redIlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
容易乐意

Exhibitors however wanted to maximize their profits which they could do more
readily by projecting
a
ha
ndful of films to hundreds of customers at
a
t
ime (rather than
one at
a
t
ime) and by charging 25 to 50 cents admission

25
25
25
25 potential
potential
potential
potential [
[
[
[
pE5tenF(E)l
pE5tenF(E)l
pE5tenF(E)l
pE5tenF(E)l
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
潜力




潜
4
4
4
4 potentially
potentially
potentially
potentially
[
[
[
[
pE5tenF(E)llI
pE5tenF(E)llI
pE5tenF(E)llI
pE5tenF(E)llI
]
]
]
]
adv
adv
adv
adv
潜

One potential problem is that opening the mouth to breathe detracts from the
streamlining of these fishes and tends to slow them down

25
25
25
25 migration
migration
migration
migration [
[
[
[
maI5^reIFEn
maI5^reIFEn
maI5^reIFEn
maI5^reIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
迁移
10
10
10
10 migrate
migrate
migrate
migrate [
[
[
[
maI5^reIt 5maI^reIt
maI5^reIt 5maI^reIt
maI5^reIt 5maI^reIt
maI5^reIt 5maI^reIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
迁
移
6
6
6
6 migratory
migratory
migratory
migratory [
[
[
[
5maI^rEtErI maI5^reItErI
5maI^rEtErI maI5^reItErI
5maI^rEtErI maI5^reItErI
5maI^rEtErI maI5^reItErI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
迁移
4
4
4
4 immigration
immigration
immigration
immigration [
[
[
[
7ImI5^reIFEn
7ImI5^reIFEn
7ImI5^reIFEn
7ImI5^reIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
外移民

Later Heyerdahl suggested that the Pacific was peopled by three migrations by Native
Americans from the Pacific Northwest of North America drifting to Hawaii by
Peruvians drifting to Easter Island and by Melanesians

25
25
25
25 masks
masks
masks
masks
（
mask[
mask[
mask[
mask[
mBsk
mBsk
mBsk
mBsk
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
遮蔽物伪装
v

v
v
v
掩
饰老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
34
34
34
34
3
3
3
3 h
eadmask
headmask
headmask
headmask n
n
n
n
英国中学校长

Performers may wear costumes and masks to represent the mythical characters or
supernatural forces
i
n
t
he rituals or
i
n
a
ccompanying celebrations

25
25
25
25 habitats
habitats
habitats
habitats
（
habitat[
habitat[
habitat[
habitat[
5hAbItAt
5hAbItAt
5hAbItAt
5hAbItAt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
栖息居留

Human landscapes of lawns fields or flowerbeds provide settings with bare soil and
a
l
ack of competitors that are perfect habitats for colonization by opportunists

25
25
25
25 fundamental
fundamental
fundamental
fundamental [
[
[
[
7fQndE5mentl
7fQndE5mentl
7fQndE5mentl
7fQndE5mentl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
基原
adj
adj
adj
adj
基重

Such
a
pe
rspective fundamentally changes our view of biological evolution

25
25
25
25 cycle
cycle
cycle
cycle [
[
[
[
5saIkl
5saIkl
5saIkl
5saIkl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
周期循环
v

v
v
v
循
环

If their population is tracked through time
i
t
w
ill be seen to be particularly
unstable—soaring and plummeting
i
n
i
rregular cycles

25
25
25
25 cattle
cattle
cattle
cattle [
[
[
[
5kAtl
5kAtl
5kAtl
5kAtl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
牛




牲口

This region has
a
s
emiarid climate and for 50 years after its settlement
i
t
s
upported
a
l
owintensity agricultural economy of cattle ranching and wheat farming

25
25
25
25 california
california
california
california [
[
[
[
kAlI5fCnjE
kAlI5fCnjE
kAlI5fCnjE
kAlI5fCnjE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
加州

Most were
i
n
D
enmark (which got 3 percent of its electricity from wind turbines) and
California (where 17000 machines produced 1 percent of the state
’
s
e
lectricity enough
to meet the residential needs of
a
c
ity as large as San Francisco)

25
25
25
25 brief
brief
brief
brief [
[
[
[
brif
brif
brif
brif
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
简短
n
n
n
n
摘简报
v

v
v
v
摘


The process perceived by these anthropologists may be summarized briefly

25
25
25
25 avoid
avoid
avoid
avoid [
[
[
[
E5vCId
E5vCId
E5vCId
E5vCId
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
躲
开




避开

This enables them to avoid the worst rigors of high winds and permits them to make
use of the higher temperatures immediately adjacent to the ground surface

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
25
25
25
25 accurate
accurate
accurate
accurate [
[
[
[
5AkjJrIt
5AkjJrIt
5AkjJrIt
5AkjJrIt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
精确正确

Ekman argued that the ability to accurately recognize the emotional content of facial
expressions was valuable for human beings

24
24
24
24 vitamins
vitamins
vitamins
vitamins
（
vitamin[
vitamin[
vitamin[
vitamin[
5vaItEmIn 5vI
5vaItEmIn 5vI
5vaItEmIn 5vI
5vaItEmIn 5vI
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
维生素

Almost daily the public is besieged by claims for noaging diets new vitamins and
other wonder foods

24
24
24
24 timberline
timberline
timberline
timberline n
n
n
n
树带界线
17
17
17
17 timber
timber
timber
timber [
[
[
[
5tImbE
5tImbE
5tImbE
5tImbE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
木材

There is still no universally agreedon explanation for why there should be such
a
dr
amatic cessation of tree growth at the upper timberline

24
24
24
24 pueblos
pueblos
pueblos
pueblos
（
pueblo
pueblo
pueblo
pueblo
）
n
n
n
n
印第安村庄

Then to connect the pueblos and to give access to the surrounding tableland the
architects laid out
a
s
ystem of public roads with stone staircases for ascending cliff
faces

24
24
24
24 pollutants
pollutants
pollutants
pollutants
（
pollutant[
pollutant[
pollutant[
pollutant[
pE5lutEnt
pE5lutEnt
pE5lutEnt
pE5lutEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
污染物质
4
4
4
4 polluted
polluted
polluted
polluted
（
pollute[
pollute[
pollute[
pollute[
pE5lut 5ljut
pE5lut 5ljut
pE5lut 5ljut
pE5lut 5ljut
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
污
染




弄脏

W
ith
a
m
oderate to fairly high net energy yield these systems emit no heattrapping
carbon dioxide or other air pollutants and need no water for cooling manufacturing
them produces little water pollution

24
24
24
24 novel
novel
novel
novel [
[
[
[
5nDvEl
5nDvEl
5nDvEl
5nDvEl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
说
adj
adj
adj
adj
新奇
4
4
4
4 novelist
novelist
novelist
novelist [
[
[
[
5nDvElIst
5nDvElIst
5nDvElIst
5nDvElIst
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
说家
4
4
4
4 novelty
novelty
novelty
novelty [
[
[
[
5nDvEltI
5nDvEltI
5nDvEltI
5nDvEltI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
新颖

The engine that became standard
o
n
w
estern steamboats was of
a
di
fferent and novel
design

24
24
24
24 mechanisms
mechanisms
mechanisms
mechanisms
（
mechanism[
mechanism[
mechanism[
mechanism[
5mekEnIzEm
5mekEnIzEm
5mekEnIzEm
5mekEnIzEm
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
机械




结构老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
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红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
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Toefl
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词汇红宝书
34
34
34
34
3
3
3
3 h
eadmask
headmask
headmask
headmask n
n
n
n
英国中学校长

Performers may wear costumes and masks to represent the mythical characters or
supernatural forces
i
n
t
he rituals or
i
n
a
ccompanying celebrations

25
25
25
25 habitats
habitats
habitats
habitats
（
habitat[
habitat[
habitat[
habitat[
5hAbItAt
5hAbItAt
5hAbItAt
5hAbItAt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
栖息居留

Human landscapes of lawns fields or flowerbeds provide settings with bare soil and
a
l
ack of competitors that are perfect habitats for colonization by opportunists

25
25
25
25 fundamental
fundamental
fundamental
fundamental [
[
[
[
7fQndE5mentl
7fQndE5mentl
7fQndE5mentl
7fQndE5mentl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
基原
adj
adj
adj
adj
基重

Such
a
pe
rspective fundamentally changes our view of biological evolution

25
25
25
25 cycle
cycle
cycle
cycle [
[
[
[
5saIkl
5saIkl
5saIkl
5saIkl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
周期循环
v

v
v
v
循
环

If their population is tracked through time
i
t
w
ill be seen to be particularly
unstable—soaring and plummeting
i
n
i
rregular cycles

25
25
25
25 cattle
cattle
cattle
cattle [
[
[
[
5kAtl
5kAtl
5kAtl
5kAtl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
牛




牲口

This region has
a
s
emiarid climate and for 50 years after its settlement
i
t
s
upported
a
l
owintensity agricultural economy of cattle ranching and wheat farming

25
25
25
25 california
california
california
california [
[
[
[
kAlI5fCnjE
kAlI5fCnjE
kAlI5fCnjE
kAlI5fCnjE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
加州

Most were
i
n
D
enmark (which got 3 percent of its electricity from wind turbines) and
California (where 17000 machines produced 1 percent of the state
’
s
e
lectricity enough
to meet the residential needs of
a
c
ity as large as San Francisco)

25
25
25
25 brief
brief
brief
brief [
[
[
[
brif
brif
brif
brif
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
简短
n
n
n
n
摘简报
v

v
v
v
摘


The process perceived by these anthropologists may be summarized briefly

25
25
25
25 avoid
avoid
avoid
avoid [
[
[
[
E5vCId
E5vCId
E5vCId
E5vCId
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
躲
开




避开

This enables them to avoid the worst rigors of high winds and permits them to make
use of the higher temperatures immediately adjacent to the ground surface

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25
25
25
25 accurate
accurate
accurate
accurate [
[
[
[
5AkjJrIt
5AkjJrIt
5AkjJrIt
5AkjJrIt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
精确正确

Ekman argued that the ability to accurately recognize the emotional content of facial
expressions was valuable for human beings

24
24
24
24 vitamins
vitamins
vitamins
vitamins
（
vitamin[
vitamin[
vitamin[
vitamin[
5vaItEmIn 5vI
5vaItEmIn 5vI
5vaItEmIn 5vI
5vaItEmIn 5vI
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
维生素

Almost daily the public is besieged by claims for noaging diets new vitamins and
other wonder foods

24
24
24
24 timberline
timberline
timberline
timberline n
n
n
n
树带界线
17
17
17
17 timber
timber
timber
timber [
[
[
[
5tImbE
5tImbE
5tImbE
5tImbE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
木材

There is still no universally agreedon explanation for why there should be such
a
dr
amatic cessation of tree growth at the upper timberline

24
24
24
24 pueblos
pueblos
pueblos
pueblos
（
pueblo
pueblo
pueblo
pueblo
）
n
n
n
n
印第安村庄

Then to connect the pueblos and to give access to the surrounding tableland the
architects laid out
a
s
ystem of public roads with stone staircases for ascending cliff
faces

24
24
24
24 pollutants
pollutants
pollutants
pollutants
（
pollutant[
pollutant[
pollutant[
pollutant[
pE5lutEnt
pE5lutEnt
pE5lutEnt
pE5lutEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
污染物质
4
4
4
4 polluted
polluted
polluted
polluted
（
pollute[
pollute[
pollute[
pollute[
pE5lut 5ljut
pE5lut 5ljut
pE5lut 5ljut
pE5lut 5ljut
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
污
染




弄脏

W
ith
a
m
oderate to fairly high net energy yield these systems emit no heattrapping
carbon dioxide or other air pollutants and need no water for cooling manufacturing
them produces little water pollution

24
24
24
24 novel
novel
novel
novel [
[
[
[
5nDvEl
5nDvEl
5nDvEl
5nDvEl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
说
adj
adj
adj
adj
新奇
4
4
4
4 novelist
novelist
novelist
novelist [
[
[
[
5nDvElIst
5nDvElIst
5nDvElIst
5nDvElIst
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
说家
4
4
4
4 novelty
novelty
novelty
novelty [
[
[
[
5nDvEltI
5nDvEltI
5nDvEltI
5nDvEltI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
新颖

The engine that became standard
o
n
w
estern steamboats was of
a
di
fferent and novel
design

24
24
24
24 mechanisms
mechanisms
mechanisms
mechanisms
（
mechanism[
mechanism[
mechanism[
mechanism[
5mekEnIzEm
5mekEnIzEm
5mekEnIzEm
5mekEnIzEm
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
机械




结构老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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Toefl
词汇红宝书
35
35
35
35

A
ctive plant defense mechanisms are comparable to the immune system of vertebrate
animals although the cellular and molecular bases are fundamentally different

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24
24
24
24 industrialization
industrialization
industrialization
industrialization [
[
[
[
In7dQstrIElaI5zeIFn
In7dQstrIElaI5zeIFn
In7dQstrIElaI5zeIFn
In7dQstrIElaI5zeIFn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
工业化
4
4
4
4 industrialized
industrialized
industrialized
industrialized [
[
[
[
In`dQstrIElaIzd
In`dQstrIElaIzd
In`dQstrIElaIzd
In`dQstrIElaIzd
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
工业化
4
4
4
4 industrialism
industrialism
industrialism
industrialism [
[
[
[
In5dQstrIElIz(E)m
In5dQstrIElIz(E)m
In5dQstrIElIz(E)m
In5dQstrIElIz(E)m
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
工业义
4
4
4
4 preindustrial
preindustrial
preindustrial
preindustrial adj
adj
adj
adj
未工业化

For both artisan and consumer the Arts and Crafts doctrine was seen as
a
m
agical
force against the undesirable effects of industrialization

24
24
24
24 independence
independence
independence
independence [
[
[
[
7IndI5pendEns
7IndI5pendEns
7IndI5pendEns
7IndI5pendEns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
独立
11
11
11
11 independent
independent
independent
independent [
[
[
[
IndI5pendEnt
IndI5pendEnt
IndI5pendEnt
IndI5pendEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
独立

The plantations maintained their independence because they were located
o
n
na
vigable streams and each had
a
w
harf accessible to the small shipping of that day

24
24
24
24 immigrants
immigrants
immigrants
immigrants
（
immigrant[
immigrant[
immigrant[
immigrant[
5ImI^rEnt
5ImI^rEnt
5ImI^rEnt
5ImI^rEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
移民

Kindergartens vacation schools extracurricular activities and vocational education
and counseling extended the influence of public schools over the lives of students
many of whom
i
n
t
he larger industrial cities were the children of immigrants

24
24
24
24 former
former
former
former [
[
[
[
5fCmE
5fCmE
5fCmE
5fCmE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
前前者前

When this occurs the first step has been taken toward theater as
a
n
a
utonomous
activity and thereafter entertainment and aesthetic values may gradually replace the
former mystical and socially efficacious concerns

24
24
24
24 content
content
content
content [
[
[
[
kEn5tent
kEn5tent
kEn5tent
kEn5tent
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
容

They advised filmmakers
o
n
a
ppropriate movie content

24
24
24
24 bacteria
bacteria
bacteria
bacteria [
[
[
[
bAk5tIErIE
bAk5tIErIE
bAk5tIErIE
bAk5tIErIE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
细菌
4
4
4
4 bacterial
bacterial
bacterial
bacterial adj
adj
adj
adj
细菌细菌引起

Passive plant defense comprises physical and chemical barriers that prevent entry of
pathogens such as bacteria or render tissues unpalatable or toxic to the invader

23
23
23
23 violin
violin
violin
violin [
[
[
[
7vaIE5lIn
7vaIE5lIn
7vaIE5lIn
7vaIE5lIn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
提琴

In combination with the larger and deepersounding members of the same family the
violins form the nucleus of the modern symphony orchestra

23
23
23
23 vessels
vessels
vessels
vessels
（
vessel[
vessel[
vessel[
vessel[
5vesl
5vesl
5vesl
5vesl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
船容器血导

Accidents involving
o
il
t
ankers occur when tankers run into shore reefs or collide wit
h
ot
her vessels

23
23
23
23 tailed
tailed
tailed
tailed
（
tail[
tail[
tail[
tail[
teIl
teIl
teIl
teIl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
尾巴尾部
adj
adj
adj
adj
尾部部
18
18
18
18 tail
tail
tail
tail
8
8
8
8 tails
tails
tails
tails

The balance of deer species
i
n
t
he Puget Sound region has changed over time with the
Columbian whitetailed deer now outnumbering other types of deer

23
23
23
23 ridge
ridge
ridge
ridge [
[
[
[
rIdV
rIdV
rIdV
rIdV
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
屋脊




山脊

The distance was more than 350 miles and there were ridges to cross and
a
w
ildernes
s
of w
oods and swamps to penetrate

23
23
23
23 respond
respond
respond
respond [
[
[
[
rIs5pDnd
rIs5pDnd
rIs5pDnd
rIs5pDnd
]v
]v
]v
]v
回答响应
5
5
5
5 corresponding
corresponding
corresponding
corresponding [
[
[
[
7kDrIs5pDndIN
7kDrIs5pDndIN
7kDrIs5pDndIN
7kDrIs5pDndIN
]adj
]adj
]adj
]adj
符合致
3
3
3
3 respondents
respondents
respondents
respondents
（
respondent[
respondent[
respondent[
respondent[
rIs5pDndEnt
rIs5pDndEnt
rIs5pDndEnt
rIs5pDndEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
应答者

The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions when asked how they would
respond if they were the characters
i
n
s
tories that called for basic emotional responses

23
23
23
23 p
rinciple
principle
principle
principle [
[
[
[
5prInsEpl
5prInsEpl
5prInsEpl
5prInsEpl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
原义

T
o
i
llustrate
a
ge
neral principle about the stability of systems by using
a
n
e
veryday
example

23
23
23
23 prehistoric
prehistoric
prehistoric
prehistoric [
[
[
[
5prihIs5tDrIk
5prihIs5tDrIk
5prihIs5tDrIk
5prihIs5tDrIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
史前老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
35
35
35
35

A
ctive plant defense mechanisms are comparable to the immune system of vertebrate
animals although the cellular and molecular bases are fundamentally different

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
24
24
24
24 industrialization
industrialization
industrialization
industrialization [
[
[
[
In7dQstrIElaI5zeIFn
In7dQstrIElaI5zeIFn
In7dQstrIElaI5zeIFn
In7dQstrIElaI5zeIFn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
工业化
4
4
4
4 industrialized
industrialized
industrialized
industrialized [
[
[
[
In`dQstrIElaIzd
In`dQstrIElaIzd
In`dQstrIElaIzd
In`dQstrIElaIzd
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
工业化
4
4
4
4 industrialism
industrialism
industrialism
industrialism [
[
[
[
In5dQstrIElIz(E)m
In5dQstrIElIz(E)m
In5dQstrIElIz(E)m
In5dQstrIElIz(E)m
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
工业义
4
4
4
4 preindustrial
preindustrial
preindustrial
preindustrial adj
adj
adj
adj
未工业化

For both artisan and consumer the Arts and Crafts doctrine was seen as
a
m
agical
force against the undesirable effects of industrialization

24
24
24
24 independence
independence
independence
independence [
[
[
[
7IndI5pendEns
7IndI5pendEns
7IndI5pendEns
7IndI5pendEns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
独立
11
11
11
11 independent
independent
independent
independent [
[
[
[
IndI5pendEnt
IndI5pendEnt
IndI5pendEnt
IndI5pendEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
独立

The plantations maintained their independence because they were located
o
n
na
vigable streams and each had
a
w
harf accessible to the small shipping of that day

24
24
24
24 immigrants
immigrants
immigrants
immigrants
（
immigrant[
immigrant[
immigrant[
immigrant[
5ImI^rEnt
5ImI^rEnt
5ImI^rEnt
5ImI^rEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
移民

Kindergartens vacation schools extracurricular activities and vocational education
and counseling extended the influence of public schools over the lives of students
many of whom
i
n
t
he larger industrial cities were the children of immigrants

24
24
24
24 former
former
former
former [
[
[
[
5fCmE
5fCmE
5fCmE
5fCmE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
前前者前

When this occurs the first step has been taken toward theater as
a
n
a
utonomous
activity and thereafter entertainment and aesthetic values may gradually replace the
former mystical and socially efficacious concerns

24
24
24
24 content
content
content
content [
[
[
[
kEn5tent
kEn5tent
kEn5tent
kEn5tent
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
容

They advised filmmakers
o
n
a
ppropriate movie content

24
24
24
24 bacteria
bacteria
bacteria
bacteria [
[
[
[
bAk5tIErIE
bAk5tIErIE
bAk5tIErIE
bAk5tIErIE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
细菌
4
4
4
4 bacterial
bacterial
bacterial
bacterial adj
adj
adj
adj
细菌细菌引起

Passive plant defense comprises physical and chemical barriers that prevent entry of
pathogens such as bacteria or render tissues unpalatable or toxic to the invader

23
23
23
23 violin
violin
violin
violin [
[
[
[
7vaIE5lIn
7vaIE5lIn
7vaIE5lIn
7vaIE5lIn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
提琴

In combination with the larger and deepersounding members of the same family the
violins form the nucleus of the modern symphony orchestra

23
23
23
23 vessels
vessels
vessels
vessels
（
vessel[
vessel[
vessel[
vessel[
5vesl
5vesl
5vesl
5vesl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
船容器血导

Accidents involving
o
il
t
ankers occur when tankers run into shore reefs or collide wit
h
ot
her vessels

23
23
23
23 tailed
tailed
tailed
tailed
（
tail[
tail[
tail[
tail[
teIl
teIl
teIl
teIl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
尾巴尾部
adj
adj
adj
adj
尾部部
18
18
18
18 tail
tail
tail
tail
8
8
8
8 tails
tails
tails
tails

The balance of deer species
i
n
t
he Puget Sound region has changed over time with the
Columbian whitetailed deer now outnumbering other types of deer

23
23
23
23 ridge
ridge
ridge
ridge [
[
[
[
rIdV
rIdV
rIdV
rIdV
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
屋脊




山脊

The distance was more than 350 miles and there were ridges to cross and
a
w
ildernes
s
of w
oods and swamps to penetrate

23
23
23
23 respond
respond
respond
respond [
[
[
[
rIs5pDnd
rIs5pDnd
rIs5pDnd
rIs5pDnd
]v
]v
]v
]v
回答响应
5
5
5
5 corresponding
corresponding
corresponding
corresponding [
[
[
[
7kDrIs5pDndIN
7kDrIs5pDndIN
7kDrIs5pDndIN
7kDrIs5pDndIN
]adj
]adj
]adj
]adj
符合致
3
3
3
3 respondents
respondents
respondents
respondents
（
respondent[
respondent[
respondent[
respondent[
rIs5pDndEnt
rIs5pDndEnt
rIs5pDndEnt
rIs5pDndEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
应答者

The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions when asked how they would
respond if they were the characters
i
n
s
tories that called for basic emotional responses

23
23
23
23 p
rinciple
principle
principle
principle [
[
[
[
5prInsEpl
5prInsEpl
5prInsEpl
5prInsEpl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
原义

T
o
i
llustrate
a
ge
neral principle about the stability of systems by using
a
n
e
veryday
example

23
23
23
23 prehistoric
prehistoric
prehistoric
prehistoric [
[
[
[
5prihIs5tDrIk
5prihIs5tDrIk
5prihIs5tDrIk
5prihIs5tDrIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
史前老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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师
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
36
36
36
36

I
n Southwest France
i
n
t
he 1940＇s playing children discovered Lascaux Grotto
a
s
eries of narrow cave chambers that contain huge prehistoric paintings of animals

23
23
23
23 isolated
isolated
isolated
isolated
（
isolate[
isolate[
isolate[
isolate[
5aIsEleIt
5aIsEleIt
5aIsEleIt
5aIsEleIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

隔离




绝缘
6
6
6
6 isolation
isolation
isolation
isolation [
[
[
[
7aIsEJ5leIFEn
7aIsEJ5leIFEn
7aIsEJ5leIFEn
7aIsEJ5leIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
隔绝孤立

The semisubsistence farming areas dominated by Democrats became increasingly
isolated by the Whigs＇ control of the market economy

23
23
23
23 constant
constant
constant
constant [
[
[
[
5kDnstEnt
5kDnstEnt
5kDnstEnt
5kDnstEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
变




坚决




持续
10
10
10
10 constantly
constantly
constantly
constantly [
[
[
[
5kDnstEntlI
5kDnstEntlI
5kDnstEntlI
5kDnstEntlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
断

These very shortlived plants reproduce prolifically that is to say they provide
a
c
onstant rain of seed
i
n
t
he neighborhood of parent plants

23
23
23
23 consequences
consequences
consequences
consequences
（
consequence[
consequence[
consequence[
consequence[
5kDnsIkwEns
5kDnsIkwEns
5kDnsIkwEns
5kDnsIkwEns
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
结果




推
14
14
14
14 consequently
consequently
consequently
consequently [
[
[
[
5kDnsIkwEntlI
5kDnsIkwEntlI
5kDnsIkwEntlI
5kDnsIkwEntlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
结果
11
11
11
11 sequence
sequence
sequence
sequence [
[
[
[
5sikwEns
5sikwEns
5sikwEns
5sikwEns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
序列




序

The causes of this population rebound are consequences of other human actions

23
23
23
23 commercial
commercial
commercial
commercial [
[
[
[
kE5m＼FEl
kE5m＼FEl
kE5m＼FEl
kE5m＼FEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
商业
17
17
17
17 commerce
commerce
commerce
commerce [
[
[
[
5kDmE()s
5kDmE()s
5kDmE()s
5kDmE()s
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
商业




贸易
4
4
4
4 commercially
commercially
commercially
commercially
[
[
[
[
kE5m＼FEllI
kE5m＼FEllI
kE5m＼FEllI
kE5m＼FEllI
]
]
]
]
adv
adv
adv
adv
商业

Aviculturists people who raise birds for commercial sale have not yet learnedhow to
simulate the natural incubation of parrot eggs
i
n
t
he wild

23
23
23
23 chemicals
chemicals
chemicals
chemicals
（
chemical[
chemical[
chemical[
chemical[
5kemIkEl
5kemIkEl
5kemIkEl
5kemIkEl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
化学物质
adj
adj
adj
adj
化学
4
4
4
4
chemically
chemically
chemically
chemically [
[
[
[
5kemIkEllI
5kemIkEllI
5kemIkEllI
5kemIkEllI
]
]
]
]
adv
adv
adv
adv
化学方法

If the physical barriers of the plant are breached then preformed chemicals may
inhibit or kill the intruder and plant tissues contain
a
di
verse array of toxic or
potentially toxic substances such as resins tannins glycosides and alkaloids many of
which are highly effective deterrents to insects that feed
o
n
pl
ants

23
23
23
23 belong
belong
belong
belong [
[
[
[
bI5lDN
bI5lDN
bI5lDN
bI5lDN
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
属


Animals
i
n
t
he Tommotian fossil beds were initially assigned to modern animal group
s
but a
re now thought to belong to groups that emerged and died out during the Cambrian
period

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
23
23
23
23 accumulated
accumulated
accumulated
accumulated
（
accumulate[
accumulate[
accumulate[
accumulate[
E5kjumjJleIt
E5kjumjJleIt
E5kjumjJleIt
E5kjumjJleIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
积
聚




累积
9
9
9
9 accumulations
accumulations
accumulations
accumulations
（
accumulation[
accumulation[
accumulation[
accumulation[
EkjumjJ5leIF(E)n
EkjumjJ5leIF(E)n
EkjumjJ5leIF(E)n
EkjumjJ5leIF(E)n
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
堆积




积聚

Certain minerals are more likely to be accumulated
i
n
l
arge quantities than others

23
23
23
23 action
action
action
action [
[
[
[
5AkFEn
5AkFEn
5AkFEn
5AkFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
动作

Y
oung
c
hildren may form longterm memories of actions they see earlier than of
things they hear or are told
．

23
23
23
23 s
tatus
status
status
status [
[
[
[
5steItEs
5steItEs
5steItEs
5steItEs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
状态




位

Recall the fate of the Columbian whitetailed deer now
i
n
a
pr
otected status

22
22
22
22 ware
ware
ware
ware [
[
[
[
weE
weE
weE
weE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
制品




货物

In
a
ll
i
ts myriad formsas table ware containers
i
n
a
rchitecture and designglass
represents
a
m
ajor achievement
i
n
t
he history of technological developments

22
22
22
22 surrounding
surrounding
surrounding
surrounding
（
surround[
surround[
surround[
surround[
sE5raJnd
sE5raJnd
sE5raJnd
sE5raJnd
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
围
绕

One of the reasons Philadelphia＇s merchants generally prospered was because the
surrounding area was undergoing tremendous economic and demographic growth

22
22
22
22 represented
represented
represented
represented
（
represent[
represent[
represent[
represent[
7riprI5zent
7riprI5zent
7riprI5zent
7riprI5zent
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
描
绘




表现

Each pueblo represented an astonishing amount of wellorganized labor

22
22
22
22 pottery
pottery
pottery
pottery [
[
[
[
5pDtErI
5pDtErI
5pDtErI
5pDtErI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
陶器
18
18
18
18 potters
potters
potters
potters
（
potter[
potter[
potter[
potter[
5pDtE
5pDtE
5pDtE
5pDtE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
陶工

Most early pottery was then fired over open hearths
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
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英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
36
36
36
36

I
n Southwest France
i
n
t
he 1940＇s playing children discovered Lascaux Grotto
a
s
eries of narrow cave chambers that contain huge prehistoric paintings of animals

23
23
23
23 isolated
isolated
isolated
isolated
（
isolate[
isolate[
isolate[
isolate[
5aIsEleIt
5aIsEleIt
5aIsEleIt
5aIsEleIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

隔离




绝缘
6
6
6
6 isolation
isolation
isolation
isolation [
[
[
[
7aIsEJ5leIFEn
7aIsEJ5leIFEn
7aIsEJ5leIFEn
7aIsEJ5leIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
隔绝孤立

The semisubsistence farming areas dominated by Democrats became increasingly
isolated by the Whigs＇ control of the market economy

23
23
23
23 constant
constant
constant
constant [
[
[
[
5kDnstEnt
5kDnstEnt
5kDnstEnt
5kDnstEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
变




坚决




持续
10
10
10
10 constantly
constantly
constantly
constantly [
[
[
[
5kDnstEntlI
5kDnstEntlI
5kDnstEntlI
5kDnstEntlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
断

These very shortlived plants reproduce prolifically that is to say they provide
a
c
onstant rain of seed
i
n
t
he neighborhood of parent plants

23
23
23
23 consequences
consequences
consequences
consequences
（
consequence[
consequence[
consequence[
consequence[
5kDnsIkwEns
5kDnsIkwEns
5kDnsIkwEns
5kDnsIkwEns
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
结果




推
14
14
14
14 consequently
consequently
consequently
consequently [
[
[
[
5kDnsIkwEntlI
5kDnsIkwEntlI
5kDnsIkwEntlI
5kDnsIkwEntlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
结果
11
11
11
11 sequence
sequence
sequence
sequence [
[
[
[
5sikwEns
5sikwEns
5sikwEns
5sikwEns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
序列




序

The causes of this population rebound are consequences of other human actions

23
23
23
23 commercial
commercial
commercial
commercial [
[
[
[
kE5m＼FEl
kE5m＼FEl
kE5m＼FEl
kE5m＼FEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
商业
17
17
17
17 commerce
commerce
commerce
commerce [
[
[
[
5kDmE()s
5kDmE()s
5kDmE()s
5kDmE()s
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
商业




贸易
4
4
4
4 commercially
commercially
commercially
commercially
[
[
[
[
kE5m＼FEllI
kE5m＼FEllI
kE5m＼FEllI
kE5m＼FEllI
]
]
]
]
adv
adv
adv
adv
商业

Aviculturists people who raise birds for commercial sale have not yet learnedhow to
simulate the natural incubation of parrot eggs
i
n
t
he wild

23
23
23
23 chemicals
chemicals
chemicals
chemicals
（
chemical[
chemical[
chemical[
chemical[
5kemIkEl
5kemIkEl
5kemIkEl
5kemIkEl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
化学物质
adj
adj
adj
adj
化学
4
4
4
4
chemically
chemically
chemically
chemically [
[
[
[
5kemIkEllI
5kemIkEllI
5kemIkEllI
5kemIkEllI
]
]
]
]
adv
adv
adv
adv
化学方法

If the physical barriers of the plant are breached then preformed chemicals may
inhibit or kill the intruder and plant tissues contain
a
di
verse array of toxic or
potentially toxic substances such as resins tannins glycosides and alkaloids many of
which are highly effective deterrents to insects that feed
o
n
pl
ants

23
23
23
23 belong
belong
belong
belong [
[
[
[
bI5lDN
bI5lDN
bI5lDN
bI5lDN
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
属


Animals
i
n
t
he Tommotian fossil beds were initially assigned to modern animal group
s
but a
re now thought to belong to groups that emerged and died out during the Cambrian
period

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
23
23
23
23 accumulated
accumulated
accumulated
accumulated
（
accumulate[
accumulate[
accumulate[
accumulate[
E5kjumjJleIt
E5kjumjJleIt
E5kjumjJleIt
E5kjumjJleIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
积
聚




累积
9
9
9
9 accumulations
accumulations
accumulations
accumulations
（
accumulation[
accumulation[
accumulation[
accumulation[
EkjumjJ5leIF(E)n
EkjumjJ5leIF(E)n
EkjumjJ5leIF(E)n
EkjumjJ5leIF(E)n
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
堆积




积聚

Certain minerals are more likely to be accumulated
i
n
l
arge quantities than others

23
23
23
23 action
action
action
action [
[
[
[
5AkFEn
5AkFEn
5AkFEn
5AkFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
动作

Y
oung
c
hildren may form longterm memories of actions they see earlier than of
things they hear or are told
．

23
23
23
23 s
tatus
status
status
status [
[
[
[
5steItEs
5steItEs
5steItEs
5steItEs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
状态




位

Recall the fate of the Columbian whitetailed deer now
i
n
a
pr
otected status

22
22
22
22 ware
ware
ware
ware [
[
[
[
weE
weE
weE
weE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
制品




货物

In
a
ll
i
ts myriad formsas table ware containers
i
n
a
rchitecture and designglass
represents
a
m
ajor achievement
i
n
t
he history of technological developments

22
22
22
22 surrounding
surrounding
surrounding
surrounding
（
surround[
surround[
surround[
surround[
sE5raJnd
sE5raJnd
sE5raJnd
sE5raJnd
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
围
绕

One of the reasons Philadelphia＇s merchants generally prospered was because the
surrounding area was undergoing tremendous economic and demographic growth

22
22
22
22 represented
represented
represented
represented
（
represent[
represent[
represent[
represent[
7riprI5zent
7riprI5zent
7riprI5zent
7riprI5zent
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
描
绘




表现

Each pueblo represented an astonishing amount of wellorganized labor

22
22
22
22 pottery
pottery
pottery
pottery [
[
[
[
5pDtErI
5pDtErI
5pDtErI
5pDtErI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
陶器
18
18
18
18 potters
potters
potters
potters
（
potter[
potter[
potter[
potter[
5pDtE
5pDtE
5pDtE
5pDtE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
陶工

Most early pottery was then fired over open hearths
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
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英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
37
37
37
37
22
22
22
22 p
otash
potash
potash
potash n
n
n
n
碳酸钾

It was first made from
a
m
ixture of silica line and
a
n
a
lkali such as soda or potash and
these remained the basic ingredients of glass until the development of lead glass
i
n
t
he
seventeenth century

22
22
22
22 myths
myths
myths
myths
（
myth[
myth[
myth[
myth[
mIW
mIW
mIW
mIW
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
神话
7
7
7
7 mythical
mythical
mythical
mythical [
[
[
[
5mIWIkE l
5mIWIkE l
5mIWIkE l
5mIWIkE l
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
神话

As time passed some rituals were abandoned but the stories later called myths
persisted and provided material for art and drama

22
22
22
22 immediately
immediately
immediately
immediately [
[
[
[
I5midjEtlI
I5midjEtlI
I5midjEtlI
I5midjEtlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
立刻
12
12
12
12 immediate
immediate
immediate
immediate [
[
[
[
I5midjEt
I5midjEt
I5midjEt
I5midjEt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
立

Evidence of magicalreligious activities has been found
i
n
ga
lleries immediately off
the inhabited areas of caves

22
22
22
22 highlighted
highlighted
highlighted
highlighted
（
highlight[
highlight[
highlight[
highlight[
5haIlaIt
5haIlaIt
5haIlaIt
5haIlaIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
强
调显著

Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information
i
n
t
he
highlighted sentence
i
n
t
he passage

22
22
22
22 geological
geological
geological
geological [
[
[
[
dVIE5lDdVIkEl
dVIE5lDdVIkEl
dVIE5lDdVIkEl
dVIE5lDdVIkEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
质学
20
20
20
20 geologists
geologists
geologists
geologists
（
geologist[
geologist[
geologist[
geologist[
dVI5DlEdVIst
dVI5DlEdVIst
dVI5DlEdVIst
dVI5DlEdVIst
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
质学者
3
3
3
3 geologic
geologic
geologic
geologic [
[
[
[
dVIE5lDdVIk
dVIE5lDdVIk
dVIE5lDdVIk
dVIE5lDdVIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
质学

During
a
ge
ologically brief 100millionyear period
a
ll
m
odern animal groups (along
with other animals that are now extinct) evolved

22
22
22
22 gar
gar
gar
gar n
n
n
n
长嘴硬鳞鱼

The strangestlooking fish
i
n
t
he Everglades wetland region of southern Florida is the
Florida gar whose unusual appearance includes sharp needlelike teeth that ftil
a
l
ong
snout

22
22
22
22 fragments
fragments
fragments
fragments
（
fragment[
fragment[
fragment[
fragment[
5frA^mEnt
5frA^mEnt
5frA^mEnt
5frA^mEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
碎片

In contrast the roots of grasses and other small plants may help to hold loose soil
fragments together thereby helping to prevent erosion by the wind

22
22
22
22 florida
florida
florida
florida [
[
[
[
5flDrIdE
5flDrIdE
5flDrIdE
5flDrIdE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
佛罗里达州

Florida
’
s
a
ncient scrub demonstrates this principle

22
22
22
22 exist
exist
exist
exist [
[
[
[
I^5zIst
I^5zIst
I^5zIst
I^5zIst
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
存

18
18
18
18 existence
existence
existence
existence [
[
[
[
I^5zIstEns
I^5zIstEns
I^5zIstEns
I^5zIstEns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
存

According to Freud however impulses that have been repressed continue to exist and
demand expression

22
22
22
22 destructive
destructive
destructive
destructive [
[
[
[
dIs5trQktIv
dIs5trQktIv
dIs5trQktIv
dIs5trQktIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
破坏




消极
22
22
22
22 destruction
destruction
destruction
destruction [
[
[
[
dIs5trQkFEn
dIs5trQkFEn
dIs5trQkFEn
dIs5trQkFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
破坏




毁灭

There are two principal influences that shape the terrain constructive processes such
as uplift which create new landscape features and destructive forces such as erosion
which gradually wear away exposed landforms

22
22
22
22 defense
defense
defense
defense [
[
[
[
dI5fens
dI5fens
dI5fens
dI5fens
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
防御




防护
3
3
3
3 defenseless
defenseless
defenseless
defenseless [
[
[
[
dI`fenslIs
dI`fenslIs
dI`fenslIs
dI`fenslIs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
防御

The tannins are part of the defense mechanism that is essential to longevity

22
22
22
22 cretaceous
cretaceous
cretaceous
cretaceous adj
adj
adj
adj
白垩

The bestdocumented such impact took place 65 million years ago at the end of the
Cretaceous period of geological history

22
22
22
22 concept
concept
concept
concept [
[
[
[
5kDnsept
5kDnsept
5kDnsept
5kDnsept
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
观念




概念
5
5
5
5 conceptions
conceptions
conceptions
conceptions
（
conception[
conception[
conception[
conception[
kEn5sepFEn
kEn5sepFEn
kEn5sepFEn
kEn5sepFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
构想

Indeed for Whigs the concept of government promoting the general welfare went
beyond the economy

22
22
22
22 capital
capital
capital
capital [
[
[
[
5kApItEl
5kApItEl
5kApItEl
5kApItEl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
资首府老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
37
37
37
37
22
22
22
22 p
otash
potash
potash
potash n
n
n
n
碳酸钾

It was first made from
a
m
ixture of silica line and
a
n
a
lkali such as soda or potash and
these remained the basic ingredients of glass until the development of lead glass
i
n
t
he
seventeenth century

22
22
22
22 myths
myths
myths
myths
（
myth[
myth[
myth[
myth[
mIW
mIW
mIW
mIW
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
神话
7
7
7
7 mythical
mythical
mythical
mythical [
[
[
[
5mIWIkE l
5mIWIkE l
5mIWIkE l
5mIWIkE l
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
神话

As time passed some rituals were abandoned but the stories later called myths
persisted and provided material for art and drama

22
22
22
22 immediately
immediately
immediately
immediately [
[
[
[
I5midjEtlI
I5midjEtlI
I5midjEtlI
I5midjEtlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
立刻
12
12
12
12 immediate
immediate
immediate
immediate [
[
[
[
I5midjEt
I5midjEt
I5midjEt
I5midjEt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
立

Evidence of magicalreligious activities has been found
i
n
ga
lleries immediately off
the inhabited areas of caves

22
22
22
22 highlighted
highlighted
highlighted
highlighted
（
highlight[
highlight[
highlight[
highlight[
5haIlaIt
5haIlaIt
5haIlaIt
5haIlaIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
强
调显著

Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information
i
n
t
he
highlighted sentence
i
n
t
he passage

22
22
22
22 geological
geological
geological
geological [
[
[
[
dVIE5lDdVIkEl
dVIE5lDdVIkEl
dVIE5lDdVIkEl
dVIE5lDdVIkEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
质学
20
20
20
20 geologists
geologists
geologists
geologists
（
geologist[
geologist[
geologist[
geologist[
dVI5DlEdVIst
dVI5DlEdVIst
dVI5DlEdVIst
dVI5DlEdVIst
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
质学者
3
3
3
3 geologic
geologic
geologic
geologic [
[
[
[
dVIE5lDdVIk
dVIE5lDdVIk
dVIE5lDdVIk
dVIE5lDdVIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
质学

During
a
ge
ologically brief 100millionyear period
a
ll
m
odern animal groups (along
with other animals that are now extinct) evolved

22
22
22
22 gar
gar
gar
gar n
n
n
n
长嘴硬鳞鱼

The strangestlooking fish
i
n
t
he Everglades wetland region of southern Florida is the
Florida gar whose unusual appearance includes sharp needlelike teeth that ftil
a
l
ong
snout

22
22
22
22 fragments
fragments
fragments
fragments
（
fragment[
fragment[
fragment[
fragment[
5frA^mEnt
5frA^mEnt
5frA^mEnt
5frA^mEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
碎片

In contrast the roots of grasses and other small plants may help to hold loose soil
fragments together thereby helping to prevent erosion by the wind

22
22
22
22 florida
florida
florida
florida [
[
[
[
5flDrIdE
5flDrIdE
5flDrIdE
5flDrIdE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
佛罗里达州

Florida
’
s
a
ncient scrub demonstrates this principle

22
22
22
22 exist
exist
exist
exist [
[
[
[
I^5zIst
I^5zIst
I^5zIst
I^5zIst
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
存

18
18
18
18 existence
existence
existence
existence [
[
[
[
I^5zIstEns
I^5zIstEns
I^5zIstEns
I^5zIstEns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
存

According to Freud however impulses that have been repressed continue to exist and
demand expression

22
22
22
22 destructive
destructive
destructive
destructive [
[
[
[
dIs5trQktIv
dIs5trQktIv
dIs5trQktIv
dIs5trQktIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
破坏




消极
22
22
22
22 destruction
destruction
destruction
destruction [
[
[
[
dIs5trQkFEn
dIs5trQkFEn
dIs5trQkFEn
dIs5trQkFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
破坏




毁灭

There are two principal influences that shape the terrain constructive processes such
as uplift which create new landscape features and destructive forces such as erosion
which gradually wear away exposed landforms

22
22
22
22 defense
defense
defense
defense [
[
[
[
dI5fens
dI5fens
dI5fens
dI5fens
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
防御




防护
3
3
3
3 defenseless
defenseless
defenseless
defenseless [
[
[
[
dI`fenslIs
dI`fenslIs
dI`fenslIs
dI`fenslIs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
防御

The tannins are part of the defense mechanism that is essential to longevity

22
22
22
22 cretaceous
cretaceous
cretaceous
cretaceous adj
adj
adj
adj
白垩

The bestdocumented such impact took place 65 million years ago at the end of the
Cretaceous period of geological history

22
22
22
22 concept
concept
concept
concept [
[
[
[
5kDnsept
5kDnsept
5kDnsept
5kDnsept
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
观念




概念
5
5
5
5 conceptions
conceptions
conceptions
conceptions
（
conception[
conception[
conception[
conception[
kEn5sepFEn
kEn5sepFEn
kEn5sepFEn
kEn5sepFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
构想

Indeed for Whigs the concept of government promoting the general welfare went
beyond the economy

22
22
22
22 capital
capital
capital
capital [
[
[
[
5kApItEl
5kApItEl
5kApItEl
5kApItEl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
资首府老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
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Toefl
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Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
38
38
38
38
7
7
7
7 c
apitalists
capitalists
capitalists
capitalists
（
capitalist[
capitalist[
capitalist[
capitalist[
5kApItElIst
5kApItElIst
5kApItElIst
5kApItElIst
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
资家

Cheap transportation networks the rise of cities and the availability of capital and
credit
a
ll
s
timulated the shift to factory production

22
22
22
22 component
component
component
component [
[
[
[
kEm5pEJnEnt
kEm5pEJnEnt
kEm5pEJnEnt
kEm5pEJnEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
零件构成素

Even diluted by the terrestrial material excavated from the crater this component of
meteorites is easily identified

22
22
22
22 appropriate
appropriate
appropriate
appropriate [
[
[
[
E5prEJprIIt
E5prEJprIIt
E5prEJprIIt
E5prEJprIIt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
适
2
2
2
2 inappropriate
inappropriate
inappropriate
inappropriate [
[
[
[
7InE5prEJprIIt
7InE5prEJprIIt
7InE5prEJprIIt
7InE5prEJprIIt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
适

The basic cultural requirements for the successful colonization of the Pacific islands
include the appropriate boatbuilding sailing and navigation skills to get to the islands
i
n
t
he first place domesticated plants and gardening skills suited to ofte
n
m
arginal
conditions and
a
v
aried inventory of fishing implements and techniques

22
22
22
22 apparently
apparently
apparently
apparently [
[
[
[
E5pArEntlI
E5pArEntlI
E5pArEntlI
E5pArEntlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
显然

Smiling is apparently
a
uni
versal sign of friendliness and approval

22
22
22
22 active
active
active
active [
[
[
[
5AktIv
5AktIv
5AktIv
5AktIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
积极

Whigs and Democrats differed not only
i
n
t
heir attitudes toward the market but also
about how active the central government should be
i
n
pe
ople＇s lives

21
21
21
21 sumerian
sumerian
sumerian
sumerian n
n
n
n
闪族

Working from known Akkadian to previously unknown Sumerian scholars since the
1890＇s have learned how to read the Sumerian language moderately well

21
21
21
21 tropical
tropical
tropical
tropical [
[
[
[
5trDpIkl
5trDpIkl
5trDpIkl
5trDpIkl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
热带
8
8
8
8 tropics
tropics
tropics
tropics
（
tropic[
tropic[
tropic[
tropic[
5trDpIk
5trDpIk
5trDpIk
5trDpIk
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
热带

In the atmosphere
a
l
arge portion of the Sun
’
s
i
ncoming energy is used to evaporate
water primarily
i
n
t
he tropical oceans

21
21
21
21 tissues
tissues
tissues
tissues
（
tissue[
tissue[
tissue[
tissue[
5tIsju
5tIsju
5tIsju
5tIsju
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
（动植物）组织

Nitrogen then diffuses from the lungs to the blood and from the blood to body tissues

21
21
21
21 s
triking
striking
striking
striking
（
strike[
strike[
strike[
strike[
straIk
straIk
straIk
straIk
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
击罢工
v

v
v
v





攻
击

What audiences came to see was the technological marvel of the movies the lifelike
reproduction of the commonplace motion of trains of waves striking the shore and of
people walking
i
n
t
he street and the magic made possible by trick photography and the
manipulation of the camera

21
21
21
21 squirrels
squirrels
squirrels
squirrels
（
squirrel[
squirrel[
squirrel[
squirrel[
5skwIrEl
5skwIrEl
5skwIrEl
5skwIrEl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
松鼠

Smaller species including such rodents as mice and small squirrels are not as
prevalent overall
i
n
hi
gh tropical canopies as they are
i
n
m
ost habitats globally

21
21
21
21 raw
raw
raw
raw [
[
[
[
rC
rC
rC
rC
]adj
]adj
]adj
]adj
生未加工验

Steam became the motive force of the Industrial Revolution as coal and iron ore were
the raw materials
．

21
21
21
21 p
roved
proved
proved
proved
（
prove[
prove[
prove[
prove[
pruv
pruv
pruv
pruv
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
证
明
3
3
3
3 disproved
disproved
disproved
disproved
（
disprove[
disprove[
disprove[
disprove[
dIs5pruv
dIs5pruv
dIs5pruv
dIs5pruv
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
证
明




虚假反驳

In 1979
a
t
eam looking for fossils
i
n
nor
thern Pakistan found what proved to be the
oldest fossil whale

21
21
21
21 pole
pole
pole
pole [
[
[
[
pEJl
pEJl
pEJl
pEJl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
电极极

When iron became easier to obtain
i
t
w
as used instead of wood for lug poles and later
fireplaces had pivoting metal rods to hang pots from

21
21
21
21 personal
personal
personal
personal [
[
[
[
5p＼sEnl
5p＼sEnl
5p＼sEnl
5p＼sEnl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
私
5
5
5
5 personality
personality
personality
personality [
[
[
[
7p＼sE5nAlItI
7p＼sE5nAlItI
7p＼sE5nAlItI
7p＼sE5nAlItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
性

As the differences
i
n
t
hese two roles suggest expressive leaders generally receive
more personal affection from group members instrumental leaders if they are
successful
i
n
pr
omoting group goals may enjoy
a
m
ote distant respect
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
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英语前线
老
师
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：
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留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
38
38
38
38
7
7
7
7 c
apitalists
capitalists
capitalists
capitalists
（
capitalist[
capitalist[
capitalist[
capitalist[
5kApItElIst
5kApItElIst
5kApItElIst
5kApItElIst
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
资家

Cheap transportation networks the rise of cities and the availability of capital and
credit
a
ll
s
timulated the shift to factory production

22
22
22
22 component
component
component
component [
[
[
[
kEm5pEJnEnt
kEm5pEJnEnt
kEm5pEJnEnt
kEm5pEJnEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
零件构成素

Even diluted by the terrestrial material excavated from the crater this component of
meteorites is easily identified

22
22
22
22 appropriate
appropriate
appropriate
appropriate [
[
[
[
E5prEJprIIt
E5prEJprIIt
E5prEJprIIt
E5prEJprIIt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
适
2
2
2
2 inappropriate
inappropriate
inappropriate
inappropriate [
[
[
[
7InE5prEJprIIt
7InE5prEJprIIt
7InE5prEJprIIt
7InE5prEJprIIt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
适

The basic cultural requirements for the successful colonization of the Pacific islands
include the appropriate boatbuilding sailing and navigation skills to get to the islands
i
n
t
he first place domesticated plants and gardening skills suited to ofte
n
m
arginal
conditions and
a
v
aried inventory of fishing implements and techniques

22
22
22
22 apparently
apparently
apparently
apparently [
[
[
[
E5pArEntlI
E5pArEntlI
E5pArEntlI
E5pArEntlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
显然

Smiling is apparently
a
uni
versal sign of friendliness and approval

22
22
22
22 active
active
active
active [
[
[
[
5AktIv
5AktIv
5AktIv
5AktIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
积极

Whigs and Democrats differed not only
i
n
t
heir attitudes toward the market but also
about how active the central government should be
i
n
pe
ople＇s lives

21
21
21
21 sumerian
sumerian
sumerian
sumerian n
n
n
n
闪族

Working from known Akkadian to previously unknown Sumerian scholars since the
1890＇s have learned how to read the Sumerian language moderately well

21
21
21
21 tropical
tropical
tropical
tropical [
[
[
[
5trDpIkl
5trDpIkl
5trDpIkl
5trDpIkl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
热带
8
8
8
8 tropics
tropics
tropics
tropics
（
tropic[
tropic[
tropic[
tropic[
5trDpIk
5trDpIk
5trDpIk
5trDpIk
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
热带

In the atmosphere
a
l
arge portion of the Sun
’
s
i
ncoming energy is used to evaporate
water primarily
i
n
t
he tropical oceans

21
21
21
21 tissues
tissues
tissues
tissues
（
tissue[
tissue[
tissue[
tissue[
5tIsju
5tIsju
5tIsju
5tIsju
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
（动植物）组织

Nitrogen then diffuses from the lungs to the blood and from the blood to body tissues

21
21
21
21 s
triking
striking
striking
striking
（
strike[
strike[
strike[
strike[
straIk
straIk
straIk
straIk
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
击罢工
v

v
v
v





攻
击

What audiences came to see was the technological marvel of the movies the lifelike
reproduction of the commonplace motion of trains of waves striking the shore and of
people walking
i
n
t
he street and the magic made possible by trick photography and the
manipulation of the camera

21
21
21
21 squirrels
squirrels
squirrels
squirrels
（
squirrel[
squirrel[
squirrel[
squirrel[
5skwIrEl
5skwIrEl
5skwIrEl
5skwIrEl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
松鼠

Smaller species including such rodents as mice and small squirrels are not as
prevalent overall
i
n
hi
gh tropical canopies as they are
i
n
m
ost habitats globally

21
21
21
21 raw
raw
raw
raw [
[
[
[
rC
rC
rC
rC
]adj
]adj
]adj
]adj
生未加工验

Steam became the motive force of the Industrial Revolution as coal and iron ore were
the raw materials
．

21
21
21
21 p
roved
proved
proved
proved
（
prove[
prove[
prove[
prove[
pruv
pruv
pruv
pruv
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
证
明
3
3
3
3 disproved
disproved
disproved
disproved
（
disprove[
disprove[
disprove[
disprove[
dIs5pruv
dIs5pruv
dIs5pruv
dIs5pruv
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
证
明




虚假反驳

In 1979
a
t
eam looking for fossils
i
n
nor
thern Pakistan found what proved to be the
oldest fossil whale

21
21
21
21 pole
pole
pole
pole [
[
[
[
pEJl
pEJl
pEJl
pEJl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
电极极

When iron became easier to obtain
i
t
w
as used instead of wood for lug poles and later
fireplaces had pivoting metal rods to hang pots from

21
21
21
21 personal
personal
personal
personal [
[
[
[
5p＼sEnl
5p＼sEnl
5p＼sEnl
5p＼sEnl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
私
5
5
5
5 personality
personality
personality
personality [
[
[
[
7p＼sE5nAlItI
7p＼sE5nAlItI
7p＼sE5nAlItI
7p＼sE5nAlItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
性

As the differences
i
n
t
hese two roles suggest expressive leaders generally receive
more personal affection from group members instrumental leaders if they are
successful
i
n
pr
omoting group goals may enjoy
a
m
ote distant respect
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
39
39
39
39
老
师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
21
21
21
21 permanently
permanently
permanently
permanently [
[
[
[
5p＼mEntlI
5p＼mEntlI
5p＼mEntlI
5p＼mEntlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
永远
5
5
5
5 permanence
permanence
permanence
permanence [
[
[
[
5p＼mEnEns
5p＼mEnEns
5p＼mEnEns
5p＼mEnEns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
永久

Glaciers may form
i
n
pe
rmanently cold areas and these slowly moving masses of ice
cut out valleys carrying with them huge quantities of eroded rock debris

21
21
21
21 vertebrates
vertebrates
vertebrates
vertebrates
（
vertebrate[
vertebrate[
vertebrate[
vertebrate[
5v＼tIbrIt
5v＼tIbrIt
5v＼tIbrIt
5v＼tIbrIt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
脊椎动物
adj
adj
adj
adj
脊椎
4
4
4
4 invertebrates
invertebrates
invertebrates
invertebrates(
(
(
(invertebrate[
invertebrate[
invertebrate[
invertebrate[
In5v＼tIbrIt
In5v＼tIbrIt
In5v＼tIbrIt
In5v＼tIbrIt
]
]
]
])
)
)
) n
n
n
n
脊椎动物

Indeed comparisons of numbers of species among the Amazon basin tropical Asia
and Africa are still mostly personal communication citations even for vertebrates

21
21
21
21 press
press
press
press [
[
[
[
pres
pres
pres
pres
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
报刊新闻界

The Associated Press (AP) news service inaugurated its WirePhoto network and
offered subscribing newspapers morning and afternoon weather maps redrafted by the
AP＇s Washington BC office from charts provided by the government agency

21
21
21
21 tribe
tribe
tribe
tribe [
[
[
[
traIb
traIb
traIb
traIb
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
部落

A
t
hird opinion takes psychological motivation much further into the realm of tribal
ceremonies and mystery the belief that certain animals assumed mythical significance
as ancient ancestors or protectors of
a
gi
ven tribe or clan

21
21
21
21 physics
physics
physics
physics
（
physic
physic
physic
physic
）
n
n
n
n
医学




v

v
v
v





服
药




治愈

The applied arts are thus bound by the laws of physics which pertain to both the
materials used
i
n
t
heir making and the substances and things to be contained supported
and sheltered

21
21
21
21 liquid
liquid
liquid
liquid [
[
[
[
5lIkwId
5lIkwId
5lIkwId
5lIkwId
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
液体
adj
adj
adj
adj
液体

Much of the research
o
n
nu
trient deficiencies is based
o
n
gr
owing plants
hydroponically that is
i
n
s
oilless liquid nutrient solutions

21
21
21
21 items
items
items
items
（
item[
item[
item[
item[
5aItem 5aItEm
5aItem 5aItEm
5aItem 5aItEm
5aItem 5aItEm
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
名词项目

Linens and stockings from Germantown for example were popular items

21
21
21
21 imported
imported
imported
imported
（
import[
import[
import[
import[
Im5pCt
Im5pCt
Im5pCt
Im5pCt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
进
口

He imported such
a
B
oulton and
W
att
e
ngine from England to run the Clemont

21
21
21
21 health
health
health
health [
[
[
[
helW
helW
helW
helW
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
健康

But
i
n
m
any cases consumers are misled if they believe organic foods can maintain
health and provide better nutritional quality than conventionally grown foods

21
21
21
21 groundwater
groundwater
groundwater
groundwater n
n
n
n
水

This unprecedented development of
a
f
inite groundwater resource with
a
n
a
lmost
negligible natural recharge rate—that is virtually no natural water source to replenish
the water supply—has caused water tables
i
n
t
he region to fall drastically

21
21
21
21 export
export
export
export [
[
[
[
5ekspCt
5ekspCt
5ekspCt
5ekspCt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
出
口
n
n
n
n
输出品

Export merchants became differentiated from their importing counterparts and
specialty shops began to appear
i
n
a
ddition to general stores selling
a
v
ariety of goods

21
21
21
21 e
xplosion
explosion
explosion
explosion [
[
[
[
Iks5plEJVEn
Iks5plEJVEn
Iks5plEJVEn
Iks5plEJVEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
爆发




爆炸

The Ediacara fossil formation provides the most information about the Cambrian
explosion while the earlier Tommotian and Burgess Shale formations give clues about
Precambrian evolution

21
21
21
21 expected
expected
expected
expected
（
expect[
expect[
expect[
expect[
Iks5pekt
Iks5pekt
Iks5pekt
Iks5pekt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
期

4
4
4
4 expectations
expectations
expectations
expectations
（
expectation[
expectation[
expectation[
expectation[
7ekspek5teIFEn
7ekspek5teIFEn
7ekspek5teIFEn
7ekspek5teIFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
期

A
w
orsening of the plight of deer was to be expected as settlers encroached
o
n
t
he
land logging burning and clearing eventually replacing
a
w
ilderness landscape with
roads cities towns and factories

21
21
21
21 electron
electron
electron
electron [
[
[
[
I5lektDDn
I5lektDDn
I5lektDDn
I5lektDDn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
电子
6
6
6
6 electronic
electronic
electronic
electronic [
[
[
[
Ilek5tDDnIk
Ilek5tDDnIk
Ilek5tDDnIk
Ilek5tDDnIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
电子老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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Toefl
Toefl
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39
39
39
39
老
师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
21
21
21
21 permanently
permanently
permanently
permanently [
[
[
[
5p＼mEntlI
5p＼mEntlI
5p＼mEntlI
5p＼mEntlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
永远
5
5
5
5 permanence
permanence
permanence
permanence [
[
[
[
5p＼mEnEns
5p＼mEnEns
5p＼mEnEns
5p＼mEnEns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
永久

Glaciers may form
i
n
pe
rmanently cold areas and these slowly moving masses of ice
cut out valleys carrying with them huge quantities of eroded rock debris

21
21
21
21 vertebrates
vertebrates
vertebrates
vertebrates
（
vertebrate[
vertebrate[
vertebrate[
vertebrate[
5v＼tIbrIt
5v＼tIbrIt
5v＼tIbrIt
5v＼tIbrIt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
脊椎动物
adj
adj
adj
adj
脊椎
4
4
4
4 invertebrates
invertebrates
invertebrates
invertebrates(
(
(
(invertebrate[
invertebrate[
invertebrate[
invertebrate[
In5v＼tIbrIt
In5v＼tIbrIt
In5v＼tIbrIt
In5v＼tIbrIt
]
]
]
])
)
)
) n
n
n
n
脊椎动物

Indeed comparisons of numbers of species among the Amazon basin tropical Asia
and Africa are still mostly personal communication citations even for vertebrates

21
21
21
21 press
press
press
press [
[
[
[
pres
pres
pres
pres
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
报刊新闻界

The Associated Press (AP) news service inaugurated its WirePhoto network and
offered subscribing newspapers morning and afternoon weather maps redrafted by the
AP＇s Washington BC office from charts provided by the government agency

21
21
21
21 tribe
tribe
tribe
tribe [
[
[
[
traIb
traIb
traIb
traIb
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
部落

A
t
hird opinion takes psychological motivation much further into the realm of tribal
ceremonies and mystery the belief that certain animals assumed mythical significance
as ancient ancestors or protectors of
a
gi
ven tribe or clan

21
21
21
21 physics
physics
physics
physics
（
physic
physic
physic
physic
）
n
n
n
n
医学




v

v
v
v





服
药




治愈

The applied arts are thus bound by the laws of physics which pertain to both the
materials used
i
n
t
heir making and the substances and things to be contained supported
and sheltered

21
21
21
21 liquid
liquid
liquid
liquid [
[
[
[
5lIkwId
5lIkwId
5lIkwId
5lIkwId
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
液体
adj
adj
adj
adj
液体

Much of the research
o
n
nu
trient deficiencies is based
o
n
gr
owing plants
hydroponically that is
i
n
s
oilless liquid nutrient solutions

21
21
21
21 items
items
items
items
（
item[
item[
item[
item[
5aItem 5aItEm
5aItem 5aItEm
5aItem 5aItEm
5aItem 5aItEm
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
名词项目

Linens and stockings from Germantown for example were popular items

21
21
21
21 imported
imported
imported
imported
（
import[
import[
import[
import[
Im5pCt
Im5pCt
Im5pCt
Im5pCt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
进
口

He imported such
a
B
oulton and
W
att
e
ngine from England to run the Clemont

21
21
21
21 health
health
health
health [
[
[
[
helW
helW
helW
helW
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
健康

But
i
n
m
any cases consumers are misled if they believe organic foods can maintain
health and provide better nutritional quality than conventionally grown foods

21
21
21
21 groundwater
groundwater
groundwater
groundwater n
n
n
n
水

This unprecedented development of
a
f
inite groundwater resource with
a
n
a
lmost
negligible natural recharge rate—that is virtually no natural water source to replenish
the water supply—has caused water tables
i
n
t
he region to fall drastically

21
21
21
21 export
export
export
export [
[
[
[
5ekspCt
5ekspCt
5ekspCt
5ekspCt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
出
口
n
n
n
n
输出品

Export merchants became differentiated from their importing counterparts and
specialty shops began to appear
i
n
a
ddition to general stores selling
a
v
ariety of goods

21
21
21
21 e
xplosion
explosion
explosion
explosion [
[
[
[
Iks5plEJVEn
Iks5plEJVEn
Iks5plEJVEn
Iks5plEJVEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
爆发




爆炸

The Ediacara fossil formation provides the most information about the Cambrian
explosion while the earlier Tommotian and Burgess Shale formations give clues about
Precambrian evolution

21
21
21
21 expected
expected
expected
expected
（
expect[
expect[
expect[
expect[
Iks5pekt
Iks5pekt
Iks5pekt
Iks5pekt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
期

4
4
4
4 expectations
expectations
expectations
expectations
（
expectation[
expectation[
expectation[
expectation[
7ekspek5teIFEn
7ekspek5teIFEn
7ekspek5teIFEn
7ekspek5teIFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
期

A
w
orsening of the plight of deer was to be expected as settlers encroached
o
n
t
he
land logging burning and clearing eventually replacing
a
w
ilderness landscape with
roads cities towns and factories

21
21
21
21 electron
electron
electron
electron [
[
[
[
I5lektDDn
I5lektDDn
I5lektDDn
I5lektDDn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
电子
6
6
6
6 electronic
electronic
electronic
electronic [
[
[
[
Ilek5tDDnIk
Ilek5tDDnIk
Ilek5tDDnIk
Ilek5tDDnIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
电子老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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：
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40
40
40
40
4
4
4
4 e
lectronically
electronically
electronically
electronically
[
[
[
[
Ilek5tDDnIklI
Ilek5tDDnIklI
Ilek5tDDnIklI
Ilek5tDDnIklI
]
]
]
]
adv
adv
adv
adv
电子

Their radio emission arises from the synchrotron process
i
n
w
hich electrons
accelerated to nearly the speed of light move through magnetic fields

21
21
21
21 documented
documented
documented
documented
（
document[
document[
document[
document[
5dDkjJmEnt
5dDkjJmEnt
5dDkjJmEnt
5dDkjJmEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
文件
v

v
v
v
证
明

In documenting geographical variation
i
n
bu
tterfly diversity some arbitrary practical
decisions are made

21
21
21
21 depicted
depicted
depicted
depicted
（
depict[
depict[
depict[
depict[
dI5pIkt
dI5pIkt
dI5pIkt
dI5pIkt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
描
述

In ancient Egyptian artwork for examples the right hand is depicted as the dominant
one
i
n
a
bout 90 percent of the example

21
21
21
21 column
column
column
column [
[
[
[
5kDlEm
5kDlEm
5kDlEm
5kDlEm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
专栏圆柱

This cohesive strength permits columns of water to be pulled to great heights without
being broken

21
21
21
21 civil
civil
civil
civil [
[
[
[
5sIvl
5sIvl
5sIvl
5sIvl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
公民
7
7
7
7 civilization
civilization
civilization
civilization [
[
[
[
9sIvIlaI`zeIFLnlI`z
9sIvIlaI`zeIFLnlI`z
9sIvIlaI`zeIFLnlI`z
9sIvIlaI`zeIFLnlI`z
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
文明

However
i
t
w
as the onset of the Civil War
i
n
1861 t
hat provided the great stimulus for
the mechanization of northern agriculture

21
21
21
21 carving
carving
carving
carving
（
carve[
carve[
carve[
carve[
kBv
kBv
kBv
kBv
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
刻
1
1
11
11
11 carved
carved
carved
carved

Archaeological records—paintings drawings and carvings of humans engaged
i
n
a
ctivities involving the use of hands—indicate that humans have been predominantly
righthanded for more than 5000 years

21
21
21
21 atoms
atoms
atoms
atoms
（
atom[
atom[
atom[
atom[
5AtEm
5AtEm
5AtEm
5AtEm
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
原子

Ordinary light from the Sun or
a
l
ight bulb is emitted spontaneously when atoms or
molecules get rid of excess energy by themselves without any outside intervention

21
21
21
21 auroras
auroras
auroras
auroras
（
aurora[
aurora[
aurora[
aurora[
C5rCrE
C5rCrE
C5rCrE
C5rCrE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
曙光

T
o
unde
rstand the cause of auroras first picture the Earth enclosed by its
magnetosphere
a
huge r
egion created by the Earth＇s magnetic field

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Blog
：
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20
20
20
20 whereas
whereas
whereas
whereas [
[
[
[
(h)weEr5Az
(h)weEr5Az
(h)weEr5Az
(h)weEr5Az
]
]
]
] conj
conj
conj
conj


The common kestrel hunts vertebrate animals
i
n
a
s
mall familiar hunting ground
whereas the very similar lesser kestrel feeds
o
n
i
nsects over
a
l
arge area

20
20
20
20 venus
venus
venus
venus [
[
[
[
5vinEs
5vinEs
5vinEs
5vinEs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
金星

Measurements taken from the Earth show
a
hi
gh concentration of carton dioxide
i
n
t
he
atmosphere of Venus

20
20
20
20 vent
vent
vent
vent [
[
[
[
vent
vent
vent
vent
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
出口
v

v
v
v
发
泄

A
de
sire to vent aggression
o
n
ot
her family members

20
20
20
20 valuable
valuable
valuable
valuable [
[
[
[
5vAljJEbl
5vAljJEbl
5vAljJEbl
5vAljJEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
宝贵

The increasing use of dried animal waste as
a
s
ubstitute fuel has also hurt the soil
because this valuable soil conditioner and source of plant nutrients is no longer being
returned to the land

20
20
20
20 universe
universe
universe
universe [
[
[
[
5junIv＼s
5junIv＼s
5junIv＼s
5junIv＼s
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
宇宙
14
14
14
14 universal
universal
universal
universal [
[
[
[
7junI5v＼sEl
7junI5v＼sEl
7junI5v＼sEl
7junI5v＼sEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
普遍
5
5
5
5 universality
universality
universality
universality [
[
[
[
7junIvE5sAlItI
7junIvE5sAlItI
7junIvE5sAlItI
7junIvE5sAlItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
普遍性

It includes both the formal leaning that takes place
i
n
s
chool sand the whole universe
of informal leaning

20
20
20
20 unique
unique
unique
unique [
[
[
[
ju5nik
ju5nik
ju5nik
ju5nik
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
独二

The Cambrian explosion involved rapid evolutionary diversification followed by the
extinction of many unique animals

20
20
20
20 topic
topic
topic
topic [
[
[
[
5tDpIk
5tDpIk
5tDpIk
5tDpIk
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
题老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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Toefl
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词汇红宝书
40
40
40
40
4
4
4
4 e
lectronically
electronically
electronically
electronically
[
[
[
[
Ilek5tDDnIklI
Ilek5tDDnIklI
Ilek5tDDnIklI
Ilek5tDDnIklI
]
]
]
]
adv
adv
adv
adv
电子

Their radio emission arises from the synchrotron process
i
n
w
hich electrons
accelerated to nearly the speed of light move through magnetic fields

21
21
21
21 documented
documented
documented
documented
（
document[
document[
document[
document[
5dDkjJmEnt
5dDkjJmEnt
5dDkjJmEnt
5dDkjJmEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
文件
v

v
v
v
证
明

In documenting geographical variation
i
n
bu
tterfly diversity some arbitrary practical
decisions are made

21
21
21
21 depicted
depicted
depicted
depicted
（
depict[
depict[
depict[
depict[
dI5pIkt
dI5pIkt
dI5pIkt
dI5pIkt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
描
述

In ancient Egyptian artwork for examples the right hand is depicted as the dominant
one
i
n
a
bout 90 percent of the example

21
21
21
21 column
column
column
column [
[
[
[
5kDlEm
5kDlEm
5kDlEm
5kDlEm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
专栏圆柱

This cohesive strength permits columns of water to be pulled to great heights without
being broken

21
21
21
21 civil
civil
civil
civil [
[
[
[
5sIvl
5sIvl
5sIvl
5sIvl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
公民
7
7
7
7 civilization
civilization
civilization
civilization [
[
[
[
9sIvIlaI`zeIFLnlI`z
9sIvIlaI`zeIFLnlI`z
9sIvIlaI`zeIFLnlI`z
9sIvIlaI`zeIFLnlI`z
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
文明

However
i
t
w
as the onset of the Civil War
i
n
1861 t
hat provided the great stimulus for
the mechanization of northern agriculture

21
21
21
21 carving
carving
carving
carving
（
carve[
carve[
carve[
carve[
kBv
kBv
kBv
kBv
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
刻
1
1
11
11
11 carved
carved
carved
carved

Archaeological records—paintings drawings and carvings of humans engaged
i
n
a
ctivities involving the use of hands—indicate that humans have been predominantly
righthanded for more than 5000 years

21
21
21
21 atoms
atoms
atoms
atoms
（
atom[
atom[
atom[
atom[
5AtEm
5AtEm
5AtEm
5AtEm
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
原子

Ordinary light from the Sun or
a
l
ight bulb is emitted spontaneously when atoms or
molecules get rid of excess energy by themselves without any outside intervention

21
21
21
21 auroras
auroras
auroras
auroras
（
aurora[
aurora[
aurora[
aurora[
C5rCrE
C5rCrE
C5rCrE
C5rCrE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
曙光

T
o
unde
rstand the cause of auroras first picture the Earth enclosed by its
magnetosphere
a
huge r
egion created by the Earth＇s magnetic field

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20
20
20
20 whereas
whereas
whereas
whereas [
[
[
[
(h)weEr5Az
(h)weEr5Az
(h)weEr5Az
(h)weEr5Az
]
]
]
] conj
conj
conj
conj


The common kestrel hunts vertebrate animals
i
n
a
s
mall familiar hunting ground
whereas the very similar lesser kestrel feeds
o
n
i
nsects over
a
l
arge area

20
20
20
20 venus
venus
venus
venus [
[
[
[
5vinEs
5vinEs
5vinEs
5vinEs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
金星

Measurements taken from the Earth show
a
hi
gh concentration of carton dioxide
i
n
t
he
atmosphere of Venus

20
20
20
20 vent
vent
vent
vent [
[
[
[
vent
vent
vent
vent
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
出口
v

v
v
v
发
泄

A
de
sire to vent aggression
o
n
ot
her family members

20
20
20
20 valuable
valuable
valuable
valuable [
[
[
[
5vAljJEbl
5vAljJEbl
5vAljJEbl
5vAljJEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
宝贵

The increasing use of dried animal waste as
a
s
ubstitute fuel has also hurt the soil
because this valuable soil conditioner and source of plant nutrients is no longer being
returned to the land

20
20
20
20 universe
universe
universe
universe [
[
[
[
5junIv＼s
5junIv＼s
5junIv＼s
5junIv＼s
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
宇宙
14
14
14
14 universal
universal
universal
universal [
[
[
[
7junI5v＼sEl
7junI5v＼sEl
7junI5v＼sEl
7junI5v＼sEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
普遍
5
5
5
5 universality
universality
universality
universality [
[
[
[
7junIvE5sAlItI
7junIvE5sAlItI
7junIvE5sAlItI
7junIvE5sAlItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
普遍性

It includes both the formal leaning that takes place
i
n
s
chool sand the whole universe
of informal leaning

20
20
20
20 unique
unique
unique
unique [
[
[
[
ju5nik
ju5nik
ju5nik
ju5nik
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
独二

The Cambrian explosion involved rapid evolutionary diversification followed by the
extinction of many unique animals

20
20
20
20 topic
topic
topic
topic [
[
[
[
5tDpIk
5tDpIk
5tDpIk
5tDpIk
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
题老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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Toefl
词汇红宝书
41
41
41
41

T
he second paragraph describes
a
s
pecific instance of the general topic discussed
i
n
t
he first paragraph

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20
20
20
20 steel
steel
steel
steel [
[
[
[
stil
stil
stil
stil
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
钢




钢铁
v

v
v
v

坚强
adj
adj
adj
adj
钢

When water is confined
i
n
t
ubes of very small bore the forces of cohesion (the
attraction between water molecules) are so great that the strength of
a
c
olumn of water
compares with the strength of
a
s
teel wire of the same diameter

20
20
20
20 rites
rites
rites
rites
（
rite[
rite[
rite[
rite[
raIt
raIt
raIt
raIt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
仪式

In addition there were performers and since considerable importance was attached to
avoiding mistakes
i
n
t
he enactment of rites religious leaders usually assumed that
task

20
20
20
20 recognized
recognized
recognized
recognized
（
recognize[
recognize[
recognize[
recognize[
5rekE^naIz
5rekE^naIz
5rekE^naIz
5rekE^naIz
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
认
出




识
17
17
17
17 recognition
recognition
recognition
recognition [
[
[
[
7rekE^5nIFEn
7rekE^5nIFEn
7rekE^5nIFEn
7rekE^5nIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
认出




识

More than
a
de
cade of agitation did finally bring
a
w
orkday shortened to 10 hours to
most industries by the 185O
’
s
and the courts also recognized workers＇ right to strike
but these gains had little immediate impact

20
20
20
20 prior
prior
prior
prior [
[
[
[
5praIE
5praIE
5praIE
5praIE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
先
3
3
3
3 priority
priority
priority
priority [
[
[
[
praI5DrItI
praI5DrItI
praI5DrItI
praI5DrItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
先




优先

It would be composed of the children of the children who were born during the period
of the high birth rate prior to 1957

20
20
20
20 primitive
primitive
primitive
primitive [
[
[
[
5prImItIv
5prImItIv
5prImItIv
5prImItIv
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
原始
adj
adj
adj
adj
原始

In this view primitive vascular plants first colonized the margins of continental
waters followed by animals that fed
o
n
t
he plants and lastly by animals that preyed
o
n
t
he planteater

20
20
20
20 president
president
president
president [
[
[
[
5prezIdEnt
5prezIdEnt
5prezIdEnt
5prezIdEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
总统院长
7
7
7
7 presidency
presidency
presidency
presidency [
[
[
[
5prezIdEnsI
5prezIdEnsI
5prezIdEnsI
5prezIdEnsI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
总统职位
5
5
5
5 presidential
presidential
presidential
presidential [
[
[
[
7prezI5denFEl
7prezI5denFEl
7prezI5denFEl
7prezI5denFEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
总统

The Lewis and Clark expedition sponsored by President Jefferson was the most
important official examination of the high plains and the Northwest before the
W
ar
of
1812

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师
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20
20
20
20 ordinary
ordinary
ordinary
ordinary [
[
[
[
5CdInErI
5CdInErI
5CdInErI
5CdInErI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
常
4
4
4
4 extraordinary
extraordinary
extraordinary
extraordinary [
[
[
[
Iks5trCdnrI Iks5trCdInErI
Iks5trCdnrI Iks5trCdInErI
Iks5trCdnrI Iks5trCdInErI
Iks5trCdnrI Iks5trCdInErI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
非常

Ordinary meteoric water is water that has soaked into the ground from the surface
from precipitation (rain and snow) and from lakes and streams

20
20
20
20 minerals
minerals
minerals
minerals
（
mineral[
mineral[
mineral[
mineral[
5mInErEl
5mInErEl
5mInErEl
5mInErEl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
矿物
adj
adj
adj
adj
矿物

Research has shown that certain minerals are required by plants for normal growth and
development

20
20
20
20 livestock
livestock
livestock
livestock [
[
[
[
5laIvstDk
5laIvstDk
5laIvstDk
5laIvstDk
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
家畜

This economic reliance
o
n
l
ivestock
i
n
c
ertain regions makes large tracts of land
susceptible to overgrazing

20
20
20
20 introductory
introductory
introductory
introductory [
[
[
[
7IntrE5dQktErI
7IntrE5dQktErI
7IntrE5dQktErI
7IntrE5dQktErI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
介绍性

An introductory sentence for
a
br
ief summary of the passage is provided below

20
20
20
20 financial
financial
financial
financial [
[
[
[
faI5nAnFEl 7fI
faI5nAnFEl 7fI
faI5nAnFEl 7fI
faI5nAnFEl 7fI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
财政

Financial problems loomed large
i
n
bot
h the North and the South

20
20
20
20 employed
employed
employed
employed
（
employ[
employ[
employ[
employ[
Im5plCI
Im5plCI
Im5plCI
Im5plCI
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
雇
事
5
5
5
5 employees
employees
employees
employees
（
employee[
employee[
employee[
employee[
7emplCI5i Im5plCII
7emplCI5i Im5plCII
7emplCI5i Im5plCII
7emplCI5i Im5plCII
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
职员
4
4
4
4 employment
employment
employment
employment [
[
[
[
Im5plCImEnt
Im5plCImEnt
Im5plCImEnt
Im5plCImEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
雇




工作
3
3
3
3 employers
employers
employers
employers
（
employer[
employer[
employer[
employer[
Im5plCIE
Im5plCIE
Im5plCIE
Im5plCIE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
老板

Thomas Newcomen embodied revolutionary principles but
i
t
w
as so slow and
wasteful of fuel that
i
t
c
ould not be employed outside the coal mines for which
i
t
ha
d
been designed
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
41
41
41
41

T
he second paragraph describes
a
s
pecific instance of the general topic discussed
i
n
t
he first paragraph

老师
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：
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留学英语前线
20
20
20
20 steel
steel
steel
steel [
[
[
[
stil
stil
stil
stil
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
钢




钢铁
v

v
v
v

坚强
adj
adj
adj
adj
钢

When water is confined
i
n
t
ubes of very small bore the forces of cohesion (the
attraction between water molecules) are so great that the strength of
a
c
olumn of water
compares with the strength of
a
s
teel wire of the same diameter

20
20
20
20 rites
rites
rites
rites
（
rite[
rite[
rite[
rite[
raIt
raIt
raIt
raIt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
仪式

In addition there were performers and since considerable importance was attached to
avoiding mistakes
i
n
t
he enactment of rites religious leaders usually assumed that
task

20
20
20
20 recognized
recognized
recognized
recognized
（
recognize[
recognize[
recognize[
recognize[
5rekE^naIz
5rekE^naIz
5rekE^naIz
5rekE^naIz
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
认
出




识
17
17
17
17 recognition
recognition
recognition
recognition [
[
[
[
7rekE^5nIFEn
7rekE^5nIFEn
7rekE^5nIFEn
7rekE^5nIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
认出




识

More than
a
de
cade of agitation did finally bring
a
w
orkday shortened to 10 hours to
most industries by the 185O
’
s
and the courts also recognized workers＇ right to strike
but these gains had little immediate impact

20
20
20
20 prior
prior
prior
prior [
[
[
[
5praIE
5praIE
5praIE
5praIE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
先
3
3
3
3 priority
priority
priority
priority [
[
[
[
praI5DrItI
praI5DrItI
praI5DrItI
praI5DrItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
先




优先

It would be composed of the children of the children who were born during the period
of the high birth rate prior to 1957

20
20
20
20 primitive
primitive
primitive
primitive [
[
[
[
5prImItIv
5prImItIv
5prImItIv
5prImItIv
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
原始
adj
adj
adj
adj
原始

In this view primitive vascular plants first colonized the margins of continental
waters followed by animals that fed
o
n
t
he plants and lastly by animals that preyed
o
n
t
he planteater

20
20
20
20 president
president
president
president [
[
[
[
5prezIdEnt
5prezIdEnt
5prezIdEnt
5prezIdEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
总统院长
7
7
7
7 presidency
presidency
presidency
presidency [
[
[
[
5prezIdEnsI
5prezIdEnsI
5prezIdEnsI
5prezIdEnsI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
总统职位
5
5
5
5 presidential
presidential
presidential
presidential [
[
[
[
7prezI5denFEl
7prezI5denFEl
7prezI5denFEl
7prezI5denFEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
总统

The Lewis and Clark expedition sponsored by President Jefferson was the most
important official examination of the high plains and the Northwest before the
W
ar
of
1812

老
师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
20
20
20
20 ordinary
ordinary
ordinary
ordinary [
[
[
[
5CdInErI
5CdInErI
5CdInErI
5CdInErI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
常
4
4
4
4 extraordinary
extraordinary
extraordinary
extraordinary [
[
[
[
Iks5trCdnrI Iks5trCdInErI
Iks5trCdnrI Iks5trCdInErI
Iks5trCdnrI Iks5trCdInErI
Iks5trCdnrI Iks5trCdInErI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
非常

Ordinary meteoric water is water that has soaked into the ground from the surface
from precipitation (rain and snow) and from lakes and streams

20
20
20
20 minerals
minerals
minerals
minerals
（
mineral[
mineral[
mineral[
mineral[
5mInErEl
5mInErEl
5mInErEl
5mInErEl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
矿物
adj
adj
adj
adj
矿物

Research has shown that certain minerals are required by plants for normal growth and
development

20
20
20
20 livestock
livestock
livestock
livestock [
[
[
[
5laIvstDk
5laIvstDk
5laIvstDk
5laIvstDk
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
家畜

This economic reliance
o
n
l
ivestock
i
n
c
ertain regions makes large tracts of land
susceptible to overgrazing

20
20
20
20 introductory
introductory
introductory
introductory [
[
[
[
7IntrE5dQktErI
7IntrE5dQktErI
7IntrE5dQktErI
7IntrE5dQktErI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
介绍性

An introductory sentence for
a
br
ief summary of the passage is provided below

20
20
20
20 financial
financial
financial
financial [
[
[
[
faI5nAnFEl 7fI
faI5nAnFEl 7fI
faI5nAnFEl 7fI
faI5nAnFEl 7fI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
财政

Financial problems loomed large
i
n
bot
h the North and the South

20
20
20
20 employed
employed
employed
employed
（
employ[
employ[
employ[
employ[
Im5plCI
Im5plCI
Im5plCI
Im5plCI
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
雇
事
5
5
5
5 employees
employees
employees
employees
（
employee[
employee[
employee[
employee[
7emplCI5i Im5plCII
7emplCI5i Im5plCII
7emplCI5i Im5plCII
7emplCI5i Im5plCII
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
职员
4
4
4
4 employment
employment
employment
employment [
[
[
[
Im5plCImEnt
Im5plCImEnt
Im5plCImEnt
Im5plCImEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
雇




工作
3
3
3
3 employers
employers
employers
employers
（
employer[
employer[
employer[
employer[
Im5plCIE
Im5plCIE
Im5plCIE
Im5plCIE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
老板

Thomas Newcomen embodied revolutionary principles but
i
t
w
as so slow and
wasteful of fuel that
i
t
c
ould not be employed outside the coal mines for which
i
t
ha
d
been designed
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
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留学
英语前线
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师
Blog
Blog
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：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
42
42
42
42
20
20
20
20 e
cological
ecological
ecological
ecological [
[
[
[
7ekE5lDdVIkEl
7ekE5lDdVIkEl
7ekE5lDdVIkEl
7ekE5lDdVIkEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
生态

Large meteorite impacts such as one
a
t
t
he end of the Cretaceous period can seriously
affect climate ecological niches plants and animals

20
20
20
20 distribution
distribution
distribution
distribution [
[
[
[
7dIstrI5bjuFEn
7dIstrI5bjuFEn
7dIstrI5bjuFEn
7dIstrI5bjuFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
配物分发
10
10
10
10 distributed
distributed
distributed
distributed
（
distribute[
distribute[
distribute[
distribute[
dIs5trIbjJ()t
dIs5trIbjJ()t
dIs5trIbjJ()t
dIs5trIbjJ()t
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
分
发分配

Sculptures must for example be stable which requires
a
n
unde
rstanding of the
properties of mass weight distribution and stress

20
20
20
20 cucumber
cucumber
cucumber
cucumber [
[
[
[
5kjukQmbE
5kjukQmbE
5kjukQmbE
5kjukQmbE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
黄瓜

Certainly no creature
i
n
t
he sea is odder than the common sea cucumber

20
20
20
20 canopy
canopy
canopy
canopy [
[
[
[
5kAnEpI
5kAnEpI
5kAnEpI
5kAnEpI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
帐篷

Small climbing animals may reach twigs readily but
i
t
i
s harder for them than for large
climbing animals to cross the wide gaps from
o
n
t
ree crown to the next that typify the
high canopy

20
20
20
20 conducted
conducted
conducted
conducted
（
conduct[
conduct[
conduct[
conduct[
5kDndQkt dEkt
5kDndQkt dEkt
5kDndQkt dEkt
5kDndQkt dEkt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
行指导
v

v
v
v
引
导理
3
3
3
3 conductor
conductor
conductor
conductor [
[
[
[
kEn5dQktE
kEn5dQktE
kEn5dQktE
kEn5dQktE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
领导者

The particular symbolic significance of the cave paintings
i
n
s
outhwestern France is
more explicitly revealed perhaps by the results of
a
s
tudy conducted by researchers
Patricia Rice and Ann Paterson

20
20
20
20 appealing
appealing
appealing
appealing
（
appeal[
appeal[
appeal[
appeal[
E5pil
E5pil
E5pil
E5pil
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

求 吸引
n
n
n
n
请求吸引力

Neither party could win
a
n
e
lection by appealing exclusively to the rich or the poor

20
20
20
20 ac
ademy
academy
academy
academy [
[
[
[
E5kAdEmI
E5kAdEmI
E5kAdEmI
E5kAdEmI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
学院
8
8
8
8 academic
academic
academic
academic [
[
[
[
7AkE5demIk
7AkE5demIk
7AkE5demIk
7AkE5demIk
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
学者
adj
adj
adj
adj
学院

Aside from perpetuating itself the sole purpose of the American Academy and
Institute of Arts and Letters is to foster assist and sustain
a
n
i
nterest
i
n
l
iterature
music and art

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
19
19
19
19 thereby
thereby
thereby
thereby [
[
[
[
5TeE5baI
5TeE5baI
5TeE5baI
5TeE5baI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv


He thereby transformed
a
n
i
nefficient pump of limited use into
a
s
team engine of
a
t
housand uses

19
19
19
19 stress
stress
stress
stress [
[
[
[
stres
stres
stres
stres
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
强
调重读
n
n
n
n
压力逼迫

Making fineart objects stable requires
a
n
unde
rstanding of the properties of mass 143
weight distribution and stress

19
19
19
19 sanctuaries
sanctuaries
sanctuaries
sanctuaries
（
sanctuary[
sanctuary[
sanctuary[
sanctuary[
5sANktjJErI
5sANktjJErI
5sANktjJErI
5sANktjJErI
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
教堂

In 1972
a
c
entury after the first national park
i
n
t
he United States was established at
Yellowstone legislation was passed to create the National Marine Sanctuaries
Program

19
19
19
19 retain
retain
retain
retain [
[
[
[
rI5teIn
rI5teIn
rI5teIn
rI5teIn
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
保
持

It retains heat while its viscosity changes

19
19
19
19 restricted
restricted
restricted
restricted
（
restrict[
restrict[
restrict[
restrict[
rIs5trIkt
rIs5trIkt
rIs5trIkt
rIs5trIkt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
限
制




限定

At first restricted to
a
s
mall avantgarde group of architects and designers
Functionalism emerged as the dominant influence upon designers after the First World
W
ar

老
师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
19
19
19
19 regular
regular
regular
regular [
[
[
[
5re^jJlE
5re^jJlE
5re^jJlE
5re^jJlE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
规
14
14
14
14 irregular
irregular
irregular
irregular [
[
[
[
I5re^jJlE
I5re^jJlE
I5re^jJlE
I5re^jJlE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
规

Absenteeism and lateness hurt productivity and since work was specialized disrupted
the regular factory routine

19
19
19
19 reduction
reduction
reduction
reduction [
[
[
[
rI5dQkFEn
rI5dQkFEn
rI5dQkFEn
rI5dQkFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
减少削减
11
11
11
11 reducing
reducing
reducing
reducing
（
reduc
reduc
reduc
reduce
e
e
e[
[
[
[
rI5djus
rI5djus
rI5djus
rI5djus
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
减
少降低

Some studies suggest that catharsis leads to reductions
i
n
t
ension and
a
l
owered老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
42
42
42
42
20
20
20
20 e
cological
ecological
ecological
ecological [
[
[
[
7ekE5lDdVIkEl
7ekE5lDdVIkEl
7ekE5lDdVIkEl
7ekE5lDdVIkEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
生态

Large meteorite impacts such as one
a
t
t
he end of the Cretaceous period can seriously
affect climate ecological niches plants and animals

20
20
20
20 distribution
distribution
distribution
distribution [
[
[
[
7dIstrI5bjuFEn
7dIstrI5bjuFEn
7dIstrI5bjuFEn
7dIstrI5bjuFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
配物分发
10
10
10
10 distributed
distributed
distributed
distributed
（
distribute[
distribute[
distribute[
distribute[
dIs5trIbjJ()t
dIs5trIbjJ()t
dIs5trIbjJ()t
dIs5trIbjJ()t
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
分
发分配

Sculptures must for example be stable which requires
a
n
unde
rstanding of the
properties of mass weight distribution and stress

20
20
20
20 cucumber
cucumber
cucumber
cucumber [
[
[
[
5kjukQmbE
5kjukQmbE
5kjukQmbE
5kjukQmbE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
黄瓜

Certainly no creature
i
n
t
he sea is odder than the common sea cucumber

20
20
20
20 canopy
canopy
canopy
canopy [
[
[
[
5kAnEpI
5kAnEpI
5kAnEpI
5kAnEpI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
帐篷

Small climbing animals may reach twigs readily but
i
t
i
s harder for them than for large
climbing animals to cross the wide gaps from
o
n
t
ree crown to the next that typify the
high canopy

20
20
20
20 conducted
conducted
conducted
conducted
（
conduct[
conduct[
conduct[
conduct[
5kDndQkt dEkt
5kDndQkt dEkt
5kDndQkt dEkt
5kDndQkt dEkt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
行指导
v

v
v
v
引
导理
3
3
3
3 conductor
conductor
conductor
conductor [
[
[
[
kEn5dQktE
kEn5dQktE
kEn5dQktE
kEn5dQktE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
领导者

The particular symbolic significance of the cave paintings
i
n
s
outhwestern France is
more explicitly revealed perhaps by the results of
a
s
tudy conducted by researchers
Patricia Rice and Ann Paterson

20
20
20
20 appealing
appealing
appealing
appealing
（
appeal[
appeal[
appeal[
appeal[
E5pil
E5pil
E5pil
E5pil
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

求 吸引
n
n
n
n
请求吸引力

Neither party could win
a
n
e
lection by appealing exclusively to the rich or the poor

20
20
20
20 ac
ademy
academy
academy
academy [
[
[
[
E5kAdEmI
E5kAdEmI
E5kAdEmI
E5kAdEmI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
学院
8
8
8
8 academic
academic
academic
academic [
[
[
[
7AkE5demIk
7AkE5demIk
7AkE5demIk
7AkE5demIk
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
学者
adj
adj
adj
adj
学院

Aside from perpetuating itself the sole purpose of the American Academy and
Institute of Arts and Letters is to foster assist and sustain
a
n
i
nterest
i
n
l
iterature
music and art

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
19
19
19
19 thereby
thereby
thereby
thereby [
[
[
[
5TeE5baI
5TeE5baI
5TeE5baI
5TeE5baI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv


He thereby transformed
a
n
i
nefficient pump of limited use into
a
s
team engine of
a
t
housand uses

19
19
19
19 stress
stress
stress
stress [
[
[
[
stres
stres
stres
stres
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
强
调重读
n
n
n
n
压力逼迫

Making fineart objects stable requires
a
n
unde
rstanding of the properties of mass 143
weight distribution and stress

19
19
19
19 sanctuaries
sanctuaries
sanctuaries
sanctuaries
（
sanctuary[
sanctuary[
sanctuary[
sanctuary[
5sANktjJErI
5sANktjJErI
5sANktjJErI
5sANktjJErI
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
教堂

In 1972
a
c
entury after the first national park
i
n
t
he United States was established at
Yellowstone legislation was passed to create the National Marine Sanctuaries
Program

19
19
19
19 retain
retain
retain
retain [
[
[
[
rI5teIn
rI5teIn
rI5teIn
rI5teIn
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
保
持

It retains heat while its viscosity changes

19
19
19
19 restricted
restricted
restricted
restricted
（
restrict[
restrict[
restrict[
restrict[
rIs5trIkt
rIs5trIkt
rIs5trIkt
rIs5trIkt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
限
制




限定

At first restricted to
a
s
mall avantgarde group of architects and designers
Functionalism emerged as the dominant influence upon designers after the First World
W
ar

老
师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
19
19
19
19 regular
regular
regular
regular [
[
[
[
5re^jJlE
5re^jJlE
5re^jJlE
5re^jJlE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
规
14
14
14
14 irregular
irregular
irregular
irregular [
[
[
[
I5re^jJlE
I5re^jJlE
I5re^jJlE
I5re^jJlE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
规

Absenteeism and lateness hurt productivity and since work was specialized disrupted
the regular factory routine

19
19
19
19 reduction
reduction
reduction
reduction [
[
[
[
rI5dQkFEn
rI5dQkFEn
rI5dQkFEn
rI5dQkFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
减少削减
11
11
11
11 reducing
reducing
reducing
reducing
（
reduc
reduc
reduc
reduce
e
e
e[
[
[
[
rI5djus
rI5djus
rI5djus
rI5djus
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
减
少降低

Some studies suggest that catharsis leads to reductions
i
n
t
ension and
a
l
owered老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
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留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
43
43
43
43
l
ikelihood of future aggression

19
19
19
19 raised
raised
raised
raised
（
raise[
raise[
raise[
raise[
reIz
reIz
reIz
reIz
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
加薪提高
v

v
v
v
举
起




抬起

Other mountains may be raised by earthquakes which fracture the Earth＇s crust and
can displace enough rock to produce block mountains

19
19
19
19 railroads
railroads
railroads
railroads
（
railroad[
railroad[
railroad[
railroad[
5reIlrEJd
5reIlrEJd
5reIlrEJd
5reIlrEJd
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
铁路

The availability of steam engines was
a
m
ajor factor
i
n
t
he development of railroads

w
hich solved
a
m
ajor transportation problem

19
19
19
19 previously
previously
previously
previously [
[
[
[
5privjuslI
5privjuslI
5privjuslI
5privjuslI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
事先
16
16
16
16 previous
previous
previous
previous [
[
[
[
5privjEs
5privjEs
5privjEs
5privjEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
早先

Previously large audiences had viewed spectacles at the theater where vaudeville
popular dramas musical and minstrel shows classical plays lectures and slideand
lantern shows had been presented to several hundred spectators at
a
t
ime

19
19
19
19 pool
pool
pool
pool [
[
[
[
pul
pul
pul
pul
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
水塘




水池

Oil pools are valuable underground accumulations of oil and
o
il
f
ields are regions
underlain by one or more
o
il
pool
s

19
19
19
19 nouveau
nouveau
nouveau
nouveau adj
adj
adj
adj
新达




新生产

France produced
a
num
ber of outstanding exponents of the Art Nouveau style amon
g
t
he most celebrated was Emile Galle (18461904)

19
19
19
19 mud
mud
mud
mud [
[
[
[
mQd
mQd
mQd
mQd
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
泥
3
3
3
3 muddy
muddy
muddy
muddy [
[
[
[
5mQdI
5mQdI
5mQdI
5mQdI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
泥泞

Shortly after the Cambrian explosion mud slides rapidly buried thousands of marine
animals under conditions that favored fossilization

19
19
19
19 hypothesis
hypothesis
hypothesis
hypothesis [
[
[
[
haI5pDWIsIs
haI5pDWIsIs
haI5pDWIsIs
haI5pDWIsIs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
假设
hypotheses
hypotheses
hypotheses
hypotheses
（复数）
3
3
3
3 hypothetical
hypothetical
hypothetical
hypothetical [
[
[
[
7haIpEJ5WetIkEl
7haIpEJ5WetIkEl
7haIpEJ5WetIkEl
7haIpEJ5WetIkEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
假设




假定
2
2
2
2 hypothesize
hypothesize
hypothesize
hypothesize [
[
[
[
haI5pDWIsaIz
haI5pDWIsaIz
haI5pDWIsaIz
haI5pDWIsaIz
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
假
设

Psychological research has given rise to some interesting findings concerning the
facialfeedback hypothesis

19
19
19
19 gap
gap
gap
gap [
[
[
[
^Ap
^Ap
^Ap
^Ap
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
缝隙缺口

Finally for the many small mammals that supplement their insect diet with fruits or
seeds
a
n
i
nability to span open gaps between tree crowns may be problematic since
trees that yield these foods can be sparse

19
19
19
19 eroded
eroded
eroded
eroded
（
erode[
erode[
erode[
erode[
I5rEJd
I5rEJd
I5rEJd
I5rEJd
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
腐
蚀

Lower mountains tend to be older and are often the eroded relics of much higher
mountain chains

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19
19
19
19 ecologists
ecologists
ecologists
ecologists
（
ecologist[
ecologist[
ecologist[
ecologist[
I5kDlEdVIst
I5kDlEdVIst
I5kDlEdVIst
I5kDlEdVIst
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
生态学者

Ecologists use the term succession to refer to the changes that happen
i
n
pl
ant
communities and ecosystems over time

19
19
19
19 cracks
cracks
cracks
cracks
（
crack[
crack[
crack[
crack[
krAk
krAk
krAk
krAk
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
裂缝
v

v
v
v
爆
裂

Rain washes away loose soil and penetrates cracks
i
n
t
he rocks

19
19
19
19 corn
corn
corn
corn [
[
[
[
kCn
kCn
kCn
kCn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
麦




玉米

Ogallala water has enabled the High Plains region to supply significant amounts of the
cotton sorghum wheat and corn grown
i
n
t
he United States

19
19
19
19 compounds
compounds
compounds
compounds
（
compound[
compound[
compound[
compound[
5kDmpaJnd
5kDmpaJnd
5kDmpaJnd
5kDmpaJnd
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
混合物
v

v
v
v

化合混合
adj
adj
adj
adj
合成

At least 50 different aromatic compounds have been analyzed
i
n
t
he orchid family
each blended to attract one or at most
a
f
ew species of insects or birds

19
19
19
19 commonly
commonly
commonly
commonly [
[
[
[
5kDmEnlI
5kDmEnlI
5kDmEnlI
5kDmEnlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
通常

CroMagnon cave paintings some 27000 years old commonly show outlines of老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
43
43
43
43
l
ikelihood of future aggression

19
19
19
19 raised
raised
raised
raised
（
raise[
raise[
raise[
raise[
reIz
reIz
reIz
reIz
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
加薪提高
v

v
v
v
举
起




抬起

Other mountains may be raised by earthquakes which fracture the Earth＇s crust and
can displace enough rock to produce block mountains

19
19
19
19 railroads
railroads
railroads
railroads
（
railroad[
railroad[
railroad[
railroad[
5reIlrEJd
5reIlrEJd
5reIlrEJd
5reIlrEJd
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
铁路

The availability of steam engines was
a
m
ajor factor
i
n
t
he development of railroads

w
hich solved
a
m
ajor transportation problem

19
19
19
19 previously
previously
previously
previously [
[
[
[
5privjuslI
5privjuslI
5privjuslI
5privjuslI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
事先
16
16
16
16 previous
previous
previous
previous [
[
[
[
5privjEs
5privjEs
5privjEs
5privjEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
早先

Previously large audiences had viewed spectacles at the theater where vaudeville
popular dramas musical and minstrel shows classical plays lectures and slideand
lantern shows had been presented to several hundred spectators at
a
t
ime

19
19
19
19 pool
pool
pool
pool [
[
[
[
pul
pul
pul
pul
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
水塘




水池

Oil pools are valuable underground accumulations of oil and
o
il
f
ields are regions
underlain by one or more
o
il
pool
s

19
19
19
19 nouveau
nouveau
nouveau
nouveau adj
adj
adj
adj
新达




新生产

France produced
a
num
ber of outstanding exponents of the Art Nouveau style amon
g
t
he most celebrated was Emile Galle (18461904)

19
19
19
19 mud
mud
mud
mud [
[
[
[
mQd
mQd
mQd
mQd
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
泥
3
3
3
3 muddy
muddy
muddy
muddy [
[
[
[
5mQdI
5mQdI
5mQdI
5mQdI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
泥泞

Shortly after the Cambrian explosion mud slides rapidly buried thousands of marine
animals under conditions that favored fossilization

19
19
19
19 hypothesis
hypothesis
hypothesis
hypothesis [
[
[
[
haI5pDWIsIs
haI5pDWIsIs
haI5pDWIsIs
haI5pDWIsIs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
假设
hypotheses
hypotheses
hypotheses
hypotheses
（复数）
3
3
3
3 hypothetical
hypothetical
hypothetical
hypothetical [
[
[
[
7haIpEJ5WetIkEl
7haIpEJ5WetIkEl
7haIpEJ5WetIkEl
7haIpEJ5WetIkEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
假设




假定
2
2
2
2 hypothesize
hypothesize
hypothesize
hypothesize [
[
[
[
haI5pDWIsaIz
haI5pDWIsaIz
haI5pDWIsaIz
haI5pDWIsaIz
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
假
设

Psychological research has given rise to some interesting findings concerning the
facialfeedback hypothesis

19
19
19
19 gap
gap
gap
gap [
[
[
[
^Ap
^Ap
^Ap
^Ap
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
缝隙缺口

Finally for the many small mammals that supplement their insect diet with fruits or
seeds
a
n
i
nability to span open gaps between tree crowns may be problematic since
trees that yield these foods can be sparse

19
19
19
19 eroded
eroded
eroded
eroded
（
erode[
erode[
erode[
erode[
I5rEJd
I5rEJd
I5rEJd
I5rEJd
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
腐
蚀

Lower mountains tend to be older and are often the eroded relics of much higher
mountain chains

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
19
19
19
19 ecologists
ecologists
ecologists
ecologists
（
ecologist[
ecologist[
ecologist[
ecologist[
I5kDlEdVIst
I5kDlEdVIst
I5kDlEdVIst
I5kDlEdVIst
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
生态学者

Ecologists use the term succession to refer to the changes that happen
i
n
pl
ant
communities and ecosystems over time

19
19
19
19 cracks
cracks
cracks
cracks
（
crack[
crack[
crack[
crack[
krAk
krAk
krAk
krAk
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
裂缝
v

v
v
v
爆
裂

Rain washes away loose soil and penetrates cracks
i
n
t
he rocks

19
19
19
19 corn
corn
corn
corn [
[
[
[
kCn
kCn
kCn
kCn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
麦




玉米

Ogallala water has enabled the High Plains region to supply significant amounts of the
cotton sorghum wheat and corn grown
i
n
t
he United States

19
19
19
19 compounds
compounds
compounds
compounds
（
compound[
compound[
compound[
compound[
5kDmpaJnd
5kDmpaJnd
5kDmpaJnd
5kDmpaJnd
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
混合物
v

v
v
v

化合混合
adj
adj
adj
adj
合成

At least 50 different aromatic compounds have been analyzed
i
n
t
he orchid family
each blended to attract one or at most
a
f
ew species of insects or birds

19
19
19
19 commonly
commonly
commonly
commonly [
[
[
[
5kDmEnlI
5kDmEnlI
5kDmEnlI
5kDmEnlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
通常

CroMagnon cave paintings some 27000 years old commonly show outlines of老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
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44
44
44
44
hum
an hands made by placing one hand against the cave wall and applying paint with
the other
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19
19
19
19 branches
branches
branches
branches
（
branch[
branch[
branch[
branch[
brBntF
brBntF
brBntF
brBntF
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
树枝
v

v
v
v
分
支

Walking or leaping species of
a
s
imilar or even larger size access the outer twigs either
by snapping off and retrieving the whole branch or by clutching stiff branches with the
feet or tail and plucking food with their hands

19
19
19
19 block
block
block
block [
[
[
[
blDk
blDk
blDk
blDk
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
街区石块阻碍
v

v
v
v
阻
塞封锁

Such
a
qua
ntity of material would have blocked the sunlight completely from reachin
g
t
he surface plunging earth into
a
pe
riod of cold and darkness that lasted at least several
months

19
19
19
19 availability
availability
availability
availability [
[
[
[
E7veIlE5bIlItI
E7veIlE5bIlItI
E7veIlE5bIlItI
E7veIlE5bIlItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
效




利性

Much of the world
’
s
gr
eat architecture has been constructed of stone because of its
beauty permanence and availability

19
19
19
19 attacked
attacked
attacked
attacked
（
attack[
attack[
attack[
attack[
E5tAk
E5tAk
E5tAk
E5tAk
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
攻击
v

v
v
v
抨
击

The exposed rocks are attacked by the various weather processes and gradually broke
n
dow
n into fragments which are then carried away and later deposited as sediments

19
19
19
19 articles
articles
articles
articles
（
article[
article[
article[
article[
5BtIkl
5BtIkl
5BtIkl
5BtIkl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
物品文章

In addition women often worked
i
n
t
heir homes parttime making finished articles
from raw material supplied by merchant capitalists

19
19
19
19 ancestors
ancestors
ancestors
ancestors
（
ancestor[
ancestor[
ancestor[
ancestor[
5AnsIstE
5AnsIstE
5AnsIstE
5AnsIstE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
祖先原型

The fossil consists of
a
c
omplete skull of
a
n
a
rchaeocyte
a
n
e
xtinct group of ancestor
s
of m
odern cetaceans

34
34
34
34 alder
alder
alder
alder [
[
[
[
5CldE(r)
5CldE(r)
5CldE(r)
5CldE(r)
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
赤杨

Even with snow
o
n
t
he ground the high bushy understory is exposed also snow and
wind bring down leafy branches of cedar hemlock red alder and other arboreal
fodder

19
19
19
19 accelerated
accelerated
accelerated
accelerated
（
accelerate[
accelerate[
accelerate[
accelerate[
Ak5selEreIt
Ak5selEreIt
Ak5selEreIt
Ak5selEreIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

加速加快

This is usually followed by the drying of the soil and accelerated erosion

18
18
18
18 wells
wells
wells
wells
（
well[
well[
well[
well[
wel
wel
wel
wel
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
井

The first wells were drilled into the Ogallala during the drought years of the early
1930
’
s


18
18
18
18 viewed
viewed
viewed
viewed
（
view[
view[
view[
view[
vju
vju
vju
vju
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
视野




见解
v

v
v
v





视
察

Increasingly too schools were viewed as the most important means of integrating
immigrants into American society

18
18
18
18 upon
upon
upon
upon [
[
[
[
E5pDn
E5pDn
E5pDn
E5pDn
]
]
]
] prep
prep
prep
prep







Industrialization and the bureaucratization of economic line life combined with
a
ne
w
emphasis upon credentials and expertise to make schooling increasingly important for
economic and social mobility

18
18
18
18 string
string
string
string [
[
[
[
strIN
strIN
strIN
strIN
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
弦

Wind and string players may lap or scrape their instruments

18
18
18
18 silver
silver
silver
silver [
[
[
[
5sIlvE
5sIlvE
5sIlvE
5sIlvE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
银




银器
adj
adj
adj
adj
银
10
10
10
10 silversmiths
silversmiths
silversmiths
silversmiths
（
silversmith
silversmith
silversmith
silversmith
）
n
n
n
n
银器匠

In addition to plates and bowls some customers sought more intricate products such
as silver teapots

18
18
18
18 sheets
sheets
sheets
sheets
（
sheet[
sheet[
sheet[
sheet[
Fit
Fit
Fit
Fit
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
帆薄板
v

v
v
v
覆
盖
11
11
11
11 worksheet
worksheet
worksheet
worksheet n
n
n
n
工作表

For example as the great ice sheets that covered NorthAmerica during the last ice age
steadily melted away huge volumes of water flowed from them
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
44
44
44
44
hum
an hands made by placing one hand against the cave wall and applying paint with
the other
老师
Blog
：
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留学英语前线
19
19
19
19 branches
branches
branches
branches
（
branch[
branch[
branch[
branch[
brBntF
brBntF
brBntF
brBntF
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
树枝
v

v
v
v
分
支

Walking or leaping species of
a
s
imilar or even larger size access the outer twigs either
by snapping off and retrieving the whole branch or by clutching stiff branches with the
feet or tail and plucking food with their hands

19
19
19
19 block
block
block
block [
[
[
[
blDk
blDk
blDk
blDk
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
街区石块阻碍
v

v
v
v
阻
塞封锁

Such
a
qua
ntity of material would have blocked the sunlight completely from reachin
g
t
he surface plunging earth into
a
pe
riod of cold and darkness that lasted at least several
months

19
19
19
19 availability
availability
availability
availability [
[
[
[
E7veIlE5bIlItI
E7veIlE5bIlItI
E7veIlE5bIlItI
E7veIlE5bIlItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
效




利性

Much of the world
’
s
gr
eat architecture has been constructed of stone because of its
beauty permanence and availability

19
19
19
19 attacked
attacked
attacked
attacked
（
attack[
attack[
attack[
attack[
E5tAk
E5tAk
E5tAk
E5tAk
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
攻击
v

v
v
v
抨
击

The exposed rocks are attacked by the various weather processes and gradually broke
n
dow
n into fragments which are then carried away and later deposited as sediments

19
19
19
19 articles
articles
articles
articles
（
article[
article[
article[
article[
5BtIkl
5BtIkl
5BtIkl
5BtIkl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
物品文章

In addition women often worked
i
n
t
heir homes parttime making finished articles
from raw material supplied by merchant capitalists

19
19
19
19 ancestors
ancestors
ancestors
ancestors
（
ancestor[
ancestor[
ancestor[
ancestor[
5AnsIstE
5AnsIstE
5AnsIstE
5AnsIstE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
祖先原型

The fossil consists of
a
c
omplete skull of
a
n
a
rchaeocyte
a
n
e
xtinct group of ancestor
s
of m
odern cetaceans

34
34
34
34 alder
alder
alder
alder [
[
[
[
5CldE(r)
5CldE(r)
5CldE(r)
5CldE(r)
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
赤杨

Even with snow
o
n
t
he ground the high bushy understory is exposed also snow and
wind bring down leafy branches of cedar hemlock red alder and other arboreal
fodder

19
19
19
19 accelerated
accelerated
accelerated
accelerated
（
accelerate[
accelerate[
accelerate[
accelerate[
Ak5selEreIt
Ak5selEreIt
Ak5selEreIt
Ak5selEreIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

加速加快

This is usually followed by the drying of the soil and accelerated erosion

18
18
18
18 wells
wells
wells
wells
（
well[
well[
well[
well[
wel
wel
wel
wel
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
井

The first wells were drilled into the Ogallala during the drought years of the early
1930
’
s


18
18
18
18 viewed
viewed
viewed
viewed
（
view[
view[
view[
view[
vju
vju
vju
vju
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
视野




见解
v

v
v
v





视
察

Increasingly too schools were viewed as the most important means of integrating
immigrants into American society

18
18
18
18 upon
upon
upon
upon [
[
[
[
E5pDn
E5pDn
E5pDn
E5pDn
]
]
]
] prep
prep
prep
prep







Industrialization and the bureaucratization of economic line life combined with
a
ne
w
emphasis upon credentials and expertise to make schooling increasingly important for
economic and social mobility

18
18
18
18 string
string
string
string [
[
[
[
strIN
strIN
strIN
strIN
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
弦

Wind and string players may lap or scrape their instruments

18
18
18
18 silver
silver
silver
silver [
[
[
[
5sIlvE
5sIlvE
5sIlvE
5sIlvE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
银




银器
adj
adj
adj
adj
银
10
10
10
10 silversmiths
silversmiths
silversmiths
silversmiths
（
silversmith
silversmith
silversmith
silversmith
）
n
n
n
n
银器匠

In addition to plates and bowls some customers sought more intricate products such
as silver teapots

18
18
18
18 sheets
sheets
sheets
sheets
（
sheet[
sheet[
sheet[
sheet[
Fit
Fit
Fit
Fit
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
帆薄板
v

v
v
v
覆
盖
11
11
11
11 worksheet
worksheet
worksheet
worksheet n
n
n
n
工作表

For example as the great ice sheets that covered NorthAmerica during the last ice age
steadily melted away huge volumes of water flowed from them
老
师
Toefl
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7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
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词汇红宝书
45
45
45
45
18
18
18
18 r
esponsible
responsible
responsible
responsible [
[
[
[
rIs5pDnsEbl
rIs5pDnsEbl
rIs5pDnsEbl
rIs5pDnsEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
责
8
8
8
8 responsibility
responsibility
responsibility
responsibility [
[
[
[
rIs7pDnsE5bIlItI
rIs7pDnsE5bIlItI
rIs7pDnsE5bIlItI
rIs7pDnsE5bIlItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
责




负担

The Arts and Crafts Movement
i
n
t
he United States was responsible for sweeping
changes
i
n
a
ttitudes toward the decorative arts then considered the minor or household
arts

18
18
18
18 resistance
resistance
resistance
resistance [
[
[
[
rI5zIstEns
rI5zIstEns
rI5zIstEns
rI5zIstEns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
抵抗




反抗
8
8
8
8 resistant
resistant
resistant
resistant [
[
[
[
rI5zIstEnt
rI5zIstEnt
rI5zIstEnt
rI5zIstEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
抵抗
11
11
11
11 resist
resist
resist
resist [
[
[
[
rI5zIst
rI5zIst
rI5zIst
rI5zIst
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
抵
抗




抗

Many of the adaptations of these fishes serve to reduce water resistance (drag)

18
18
18
18 remarkable
remarkable
remarkable
remarkable [
[
[
[
rI5mBkEbl
rI5mBkEbl
rI5mBkEbl
rI5mBkEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
显著

Plants are subject to attack and infection by
a
r
emarkable variety of symbiotic species
and have evolved
a
di
verse array of mechanisms designed to frustrate the potential
colonists

18
18
18
18 psychodynamic
psychodynamic
psychodynamic
psychodynamic n
n
n
n
精神力学

Theorists adopting the psychodynamic approach hold that inner conflicts are crucial
for understanding human behavior including aggression

18
18
18
18 proportion
proportion
proportion
proportion [
[
[
[
prE5pCFEn
prE5pCFEn
prE5pCFEn
prE5pCFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
例




部份
4
4
4
4 disproportionate
disproportionate
disproportionate
disproportionate [
[
[
[
7dIsprE5pCFEnIt
7dIsprE5pCFEnIt
7dIsprE5pCFEnIt
7dIsprE5pCFEnIt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
成例

At the same time the image that the spectator looked at expanded from the minuscule
peepshow dimensions of 1 or 2 inches (in height) to the lifesize proportions of 6 or 9
feet

18
18
18
18 prevent
prevent
prevent
prevent [
[
[
[
prI5vent
prI5vent
prI5vent
prI5vent
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
防
止阻止

According to psychodynamic theory the best ways to prevent harmful aggression may
be to encourage less harmful aggression

18
18
18
18 perspective
perspective
perspective
perspective [
[
[
[
pE5spektIv
pE5spektIv
pE5spektIv
pE5spektIv
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
观点角度

What they do is look at familiar conditions from
a
pe
rspective that makes these
conditions seem foolish harmful or affected

18
18
18
18 oral
oral
oral
oral [
[
[
[
5CrEl
5CrEl
5CrEl
5CrEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
口头

But the myths that have grown up around the rites may continue as part of the group
’
s
or
al tradition and may even come to be acted out under conditions divorced from these
rites

18
18
18
18 hominids
hominids
hominids
hominids
（
hominid[
hominid[
hominid[
hominid[
5hDmInId
5hDmInId
5hDmInId
5hDmInId
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
原始类

One area of paleoanthropological study involves the eating and dietary habits of
hominids erect bipedal primates—including early humans

18
18
18
18 goals
goals
goals
goals
（
goal[
goal[
goal[
goal[
^EJl
^EJl
^EJl
^EJl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
目标

They give orders and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the
group
’
s
goa
ls
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
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7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
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词汇红宝书
45
45
45
45
18
18
18
18 r
esponsible
responsible
responsible
responsible [
[
[
[
rIs5pDnsEbl
rIs5pDnsEbl
rIs5pDnsEbl
rIs5pDnsEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
责
8
8
8
8 responsibility
responsibility
responsibility
responsibility [
[
[
[
rIs7pDnsE5bIlItI
rIs7pDnsE5bIlItI
rIs7pDnsE5bIlItI
rIs7pDnsE5bIlItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
责




负担

The Arts and Crafts Movement
i
n
t
he United States was responsible for sweeping
changes
i
n
a
ttitudes toward the decorative arts then considered the minor or household
arts

18
18
18
18 resistance
resistance
resistance
resistance [
[
[
[
rI5zIstEns
rI5zIstEns
rI5zIstEns
rI5zIstEns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
抵抗




反抗
8
8
8
8 resistant
resistant
resistant
resistant [
[
[
[
rI5zIstEnt
rI5zIstEnt
rI5zIstEnt
rI5zIstEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
抵抗
11
11
11
11 resist
resist
resist
resist [
[
[
[
rI5zIst
rI5zIst
rI5zIst
rI5zIst
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
抵
抗




抗

Many of the adaptations of these fishes serve to reduce water resistance (drag)

18
18
18
18 remarkable
remarkable
remarkable
remarkable [
[
[
[
rI5mBkEbl
rI5mBkEbl
rI5mBkEbl
rI5mBkEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
显著

Plants are subject to attack and infection by
a
r
emarkable variety of symbiotic species
and have evolved
a
di
verse array of mechanisms designed to frustrate the potential
colonists

18
18
18
18 psychodynamic
psychodynamic
psychodynamic
psychodynamic n
n
n
n
精神力学

Theorists adopting the psychodynamic approach hold that inner conflicts are crucial
for understanding human behavior including aggression

18
18
18
18 proportion
proportion
proportion
proportion [
[
[
[
prE5pCFEn
prE5pCFEn
prE5pCFEn
prE5pCFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
例




部份
4
4
4
4 disproportionate
disproportionate
disproportionate
disproportionate [
[
[
[
7dIsprE5pCFEnIt
7dIsprE5pCFEnIt
7dIsprE5pCFEnIt
7dIsprE5pCFEnIt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
成例

At the same time the image that the spectator looked at expanded from the minuscule
peepshow dimensions of 1 or 2 inches (in height) to the lifesize proportions of 6 or 9
feet

18
18
18
18 prevent
prevent
prevent
prevent [
[
[
[
prI5vent
prI5vent
prI5vent
prI5vent
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
防
止阻止

According to psychodynamic theory the best ways to prevent harmful aggression may
be to encourage less harmful aggression

18
18
18
18 perspective
perspective
perspective
perspective [
[
[
[
pE5spektIv
pE5spektIv
pE5spektIv
pE5spektIv
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
观点角度

What they do is look at familiar conditions from
a
pe
rspective that makes these
conditions seem foolish harmful or affected

18
18
18
18 oral
oral
oral
oral [
[
[
[
5CrEl
5CrEl
5CrEl
5CrEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
口头

But the myths that have grown up around the rites may continue as part of the group
’
s
or
al tradition and may even come to be acted out under conditions divorced from these
rites

18
18
18
18 hominids
hominids
hominids
hominids
（
hominid[
hominid[
hominid[
hominid[
5hDmInId
5hDmInId
5hDmInId
5hDmInId
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
原始类

One area of paleoanthropological study involves the eating and dietary habits of
hominids erect bipedal primates—including early humans

18
18
18
18 goals
goals
goals
goals
（
goal[
goal[
goal[
goal[
^EJl
^EJl
^EJl
^EJl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
目标

They give orders and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the
group
’
s
goa
ls
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
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7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
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词汇红宝书
46
46
46
46
L
ist
List
List
List 3
3
3
3
（第三天）
18
18
18
18 extend
extend
extend
extend [
[
[
[
Iks5tend
Iks5tend
Iks5tend
Iks5tend
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
延
长




延伸

Offshore drilling platforms extend the search for
o
il
t
o the ocean
’
s
c
ontinental
shelves—those gently sloping submarine regions at the edges of the continents

18
18
18
18 enhance
enhance
enhance
enhance [
[
[
[
In5hBns
In5hBns
In5hBns
In5hBns
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
提
高




增加

Humans instinctively seek structures that will shelter and enhance their way of life

18
18
18
18 e
dge
edge
edge
edge [
[
[
[
edV
edV
edV
edV
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
边缘

In many semiarid areas there is also
a
l
ower timberline where the forest passes into
steppe or desert at its lower edge usually because of
a
l
ack of moisture

18
18
18
18 due
due
due
due to
to
to
to


Y
et
a
n
e
qually important criterion is the ability of
a
s
pecies to survive random global
ecological catastrophes due to impacts

18
18
18
18 domestic
domestic
domestic
domestic [
[
[
[
dE5mestIk
dE5mestIk
dE5mestIk
dE5mestIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
家庭国

The Arts and Crafts Movement was much more than
a
pa
rticular style
i
t
w
as
a
phi
losophy of domestic life

18
18
18
18 dissolved
dissolved
dissolved
dissolved
（
dissolve[
dissolve[
dissolve[
dissolve[
dI5zDlv
dI5zDlv
dI5zDlv
dI5zDlv
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
分
解




融化

The organic matter may partially decompose using up the dissolved oxygen
i
n
t
he
sediment

18
18
18
18 consciousness
consciousness
consciousness
consciousness [
[
[
[
5kDnFEsnIs
5kDnFEsnIs
5kDnFEsnIs
5kDnFEsnIs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
意识觉
6
6
6
6 consciously
consciously
consciously
consciously
[
[
[
[
5kDnFEslI
5kDnFEslI
5kDnFEslI
5kDnFEslI
]
]
]
]
adv
adv
adv
adv
意识




觉
4
4
4
4 conscious
conscious
conscious
conscious [
[
[
[
5kDnFEs
5kDnFEs
5kDnFEs
5kDnFEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
意识

Advocates for this opinion point to reports from people who have experienced
a
t
rance
state
a
hi
ghly suggestive state of low consciousness between waking and sleeping

18
18
18
18 concentration
concentration
concentration
concentration [
[
[
[
7kDnsen5treIFEn
7kDnsen5treIFEn
7kDnsen5treIFEn
7kDnsen5treIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
集中




专心
17
17
17
17 concentrated
concentrated
concentrated
concentrated [
[
[
[
5kDnsentreItId
5kDnsentreItId
5kDnsentreItId
5kDnsentreItId
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
集中

Saline soils which have high concentrations of sodium chloride and other salts limit
plant growth and research continues to focus
o
n
de
veloping salttolerant varieties of
agricultural crops

18
18
18
18 coast
coast
coast
coast [
[
[
[
kEJst
kEJst
kEJst
kEJst
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
海岸
9
9
9
9 coastal
coastal
coastal
coastal [
[
[
[
5kEJstl
5kEJstl
5kEJstl
5kEJstl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
海岸
4
4
4
4 coastline
coastline
coastline
coastline [
[
[
[
5kEJstlaIn
5kEJstlaIn
5kEJstlaIn
5kEJstlaIn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
海岸线

As Patrick Kirch
a
n
A
merican anthropologist points out rather than being brought by
rafting South Americans sweet potatoes might just have easily been brought back by
returning Polynesian navigators who could have reached the west coast of South
America

18
18
18
18 apprentice
apprentice
apprentice
apprentice [
[
[
[
E5prentIs
E5prentIs
E5prentIs
E5prentIs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
学徒

As master craft workers they imparted the knowledge of their trades to apprentices
and journeymen

18
18
18
18 acquired
acquired
acquired
acquired
（
acquire[
acquire[
acquire[
acquire[
E5kwaIE
E5kwaIE
E5kwaIE
E5kwaIE
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
获





取

When this widespread use of projection technology began to hurt his Kinetoscope
business Edison acquired
a
pr
ojector developed by Armat and introduced
i
t
a
s
Edison＇s latest marvel the Vitascope

17
17
17
17 watercolor
watercolor
watercolor
watercolor n
n
n
n
水彩




水彩画

The year 1850 may be considered the beginning of
a
ne
w epoch
i
n
A
merica art with
respect to the development of watercolor painting

17
17
17
17 temperate
temperate
temperate
temperate [
[
[
[
5tempErIt
5tempErIt
5tempErIt
5tempErIt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
温

In other words unlike comparison between temperate and tropical areas these patterns
are still
i
n
t
he documentation phase
老
师
Toefl
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7
7
天搞定托福单词
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Toefl
词汇红宝书
46
46
46
46
L
ist
List
List
List 3
3
3
3
（第三天）
18
18
18
18 extend
extend
extend
extend [
[
[
[
Iks5tend
Iks5tend
Iks5tend
Iks5tend
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
延
长




延伸

Offshore drilling platforms extend the search for
o
il
t
o the ocean
’
s
c
ontinental
shelves—those gently sloping submarine regions at the edges of the continents

18
18
18
18 enhance
enhance
enhance
enhance [
[
[
[
In5hBns
In5hBns
In5hBns
In5hBns
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
提
高




增加

Humans instinctively seek structures that will shelter and enhance their way of life

18
18
18
18 e
dge
edge
edge
edge [
[
[
[
edV
edV
edV
edV
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
边缘

In many semiarid areas there is also
a
l
ower timberline where the forest passes into
steppe or desert at its lower edge usually because of
a
l
ack of moisture

18
18
18
18 due
due
due
due to
to
to
to


Y
et
a
n
e
qually important criterion is the ability of
a
s
pecies to survive random global
ecological catastrophes due to impacts

18
18
18
18 domestic
domestic
domestic
domestic [
[
[
[
dE5mestIk
dE5mestIk
dE5mestIk
dE5mestIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
家庭国

The Arts and Crafts Movement was much more than
a
pa
rticular style
i
t
w
as
a
phi
losophy of domestic life

18
18
18
18 dissolved
dissolved
dissolved
dissolved
（
dissolve[
dissolve[
dissolve[
dissolve[
dI5zDlv
dI5zDlv
dI5zDlv
dI5zDlv
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
分
解




融化

The organic matter may partially decompose using up the dissolved oxygen
i
n
t
he
sediment

18
18
18
18 consciousness
consciousness
consciousness
consciousness [
[
[
[
5kDnFEsnIs
5kDnFEsnIs
5kDnFEsnIs
5kDnFEsnIs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
意识觉
6
6
6
6 consciously
consciously
consciously
consciously
[
[
[
[
5kDnFEslI
5kDnFEslI
5kDnFEslI
5kDnFEslI
]
]
]
]
adv
adv
adv
adv
意识




觉
4
4
4
4 conscious
conscious
conscious
conscious [
[
[
[
5kDnFEs
5kDnFEs
5kDnFEs
5kDnFEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
意识

Advocates for this opinion point to reports from people who have experienced
a
t
rance
state
a
hi
ghly suggestive state of low consciousness between waking and sleeping

18
18
18
18 concentration
concentration
concentration
concentration [
[
[
[
7kDnsen5treIFEn
7kDnsen5treIFEn
7kDnsen5treIFEn
7kDnsen5treIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
集中




专心
17
17
17
17 concentrated
concentrated
concentrated
concentrated [
[
[
[
5kDnsentreItId
5kDnsentreItId
5kDnsentreItId
5kDnsentreItId
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
集中

Saline soils which have high concentrations of sodium chloride and other salts limit
plant growth and research continues to focus
o
n
de
veloping salttolerant varieties of
agricultural crops

18
18
18
18 coast
coast
coast
coast [
[
[
[
kEJst
kEJst
kEJst
kEJst
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
海岸
9
9
9
9 coastal
coastal
coastal
coastal [
[
[
[
5kEJstl
5kEJstl
5kEJstl
5kEJstl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
海岸
4
4
4
4 coastline
coastline
coastline
coastline [
[
[
[
5kEJstlaIn
5kEJstlaIn
5kEJstlaIn
5kEJstlaIn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
海岸线

As Patrick Kirch
a
n
A
merican anthropologist points out rather than being brought by
rafting South Americans sweet potatoes might just have easily been brought back by
returning Polynesian navigators who could have reached the west coast of South
America

18
18
18
18 apprentice
apprentice
apprentice
apprentice [
[
[
[
E5prentIs
E5prentIs
E5prentIs
E5prentIs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
学徒

As master craft workers they imparted the knowledge of their trades to apprentices
and journeymen

18
18
18
18 acquired
acquired
acquired
acquired
（
acquire[
acquire[
acquire[
acquire[
E5kwaIE
E5kwaIE
E5kwaIE
E5kwaIE
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
获





取

When this widespread use of projection technology began to hurt his Kinetoscope
business Edison acquired
a
pr
ojector developed by Armat and introduced
i
t
a
s
Edison＇s latest marvel the Vitascope

17
17
17
17 watercolor
watercolor
watercolor
watercolor n
n
n
n
水彩




水彩画

The year 1850 may be considered the beginning of
a
ne
w epoch
i
n
A
merica art with
respect to the development of watercolor painting

17
17
17
17 temperate
temperate
temperate
temperate [
[
[
[
5tempErIt
5tempErIt
5tempErIt
5tempErIt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
温

In other words unlike comparison between temperate and tropical areas these patterns
are still
i
n
t
he documentation phase
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
47
47
47
47
17
17
17
17 s
erve
serve
serve
serve [
[
[
[
s＼v
s＼v
s＼v
s＼v
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v





服
务




供应

Appliedart objects are bound by the laws of physics
i
n
t
wo ways by the materials
used to make them and the function they are to serve

17
17
17
17 representative
representative
representative
representative [
[
[
[
7reprI5zentEtIv
7reprI5zentEtIv
7reprI5zentEtIv
7reprI5zentEtIv
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
代表




典型
10
10
10
10 representation
representation
representation
representation [
[
[
[
7reprIzen5teIFEn
7reprIzen5teIFEn
7reprIzen5teIFEn
7reprIzen5teIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
代表表示表现

Frequently the myths include representatives of those supernatural forces that the rite
s
c
elebrate or hope to influence

17
17
17
17 portion
portion
portion
portion [
[
[
[
5pCFEn
5pCFEn
5pCFEn
5pCFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
部分

The structure of the backbone shows however that Ambulocetus swam like modern
whales by moving the rear portion of its body up and down even though
a
f
luke was
missing

17
17
17
17 pores
pores
pores
pores
（
pore[
pore[
pore[
pore[
pC pCE
pC pCE
pC pCE
pC pCE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
细孔
7
7
7
7 porous
porous
porous
porous [
[
[
[
5pCrEs
5pCrEs
5pCrEs
5pCrEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
孔
5
5
5
5 porosity
porosity
porosity
porosity n
n
n
n
孔性

Consolidated (or cemented) sediments too contain millions of minute waterholding
pores

17
17
17
17 peak
peak
peak
peak [
[
[
[
pik
pik
pik
pik
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
山顶高点

Cave art seems to have reached
a
pe
ak toward the end of the upper Paleolithic period
when the herds of game were decreasing

17
17
17
17 occasionally
occasionally
occasionally
occasionally [
[
[
[
E5keIVEnElI
E5keIVEnElI
E5keIVEnElI
E5keIVEnElI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
偶尔
8
8
8
8 occasional
occasional
occasional
occasional [
[
[
[
E5keIVnEl
E5keIVnEl
E5keIVnEl
E5keIVnEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
偶然
4
4
4
4 occasions
occasions
occasions
occasions
（
occasion[
occasion[
occasion[
occasion[
E5keIVEn
E5keIVEn
E5keIVEn
E5keIVEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
场合




机会

Wind turbines occasionally cause migratory birds to change their flight patterns and
therefore may interfere with the areas where birds of prey prefer to hunt

17
17
17
17 threatened
threatened
threatened
threatened
（
threaten[
threaten[
threaten[
threaten[
5Wretn
5Wretn
5Wretn
5Wretn
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
恐
吓威胁
3
3
3
3 threat
threat
threat
threat [
[
[
[
Wret
Wret
Wret
Wret
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
恐吓




威胁

It has been estimated that
a
n
a
dditional onefourth of the Earth＇s land surface is
threatened by this process

17
17
17
17 issues
issues
issues
issues
（
issue[
issue[
issue[
issue[
5Isju
5Isju
5Isju
5Isju
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
文章问题
v

v
v
v
发
行

They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to
discipline are quick to lighten
a
s
erious moment with humor and try to resolve issues
that threaten to divide the group

17
17
17
17 hind
hind
hind
hind [
[
[
[
haInd
haInd
haInd
haInd
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
面

The large hind legs were used for propulsion
i
n
w
ater

17
17
17
17 gills
gills
gills
gills
（
gill[
gill[
gill[
gill[
dVIl
dVIl
dVIl
dVIl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
鳃

Because they are always swimming tunas simply have to open their mouths and water
is forced
i
n
a
nd over their gills

老师
Blog
：
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留学英语前线
17
17
17
17 generations
generations
generations
generations
（
generation[
generation[
generation[
generation[
7dVenE5reIFEn
7dVenE5reIFEn
7dVenE5reIFEn
7dVenE5reIFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
代产生

Enormous changes
i
n
m
aterials and techniques of construction within the last few
generations have made
i
t
pos
sible to enclose space with much greater ease and speed
and with
a
m
inimum of material

17
17
17
17 frontier
frontier
frontier
frontier [
[
[
[
5frQntjE
5frQntjE
5frQntjE
5frQntjE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
边境

The ocean bottoma region nearly 25 times greater than the total land area of the
Earthis
a
v
ast frontier that even today is largely unexplored and uncharted

17
17
17
17 fort
fort
fort
fort [
[
[
[
fCt
fCt
fCt
fCt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
堡垒




塞

Found
a
di
sturbing change
i
n
t
he animal life around the fort during the period betwee
n
hi
s first visit
i
n
1825 a
nd his final contact with the fort
i
n
1832

17
17
17
17 f
ederal
federal
federal
federal [
[
[
[
5fedErEl
5fedErEl
5fedErEl
5fedErEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
联邦

Sectional jealousies and constitutional scruples stood
i
n
t
he way of action by the老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
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Blog
：
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wwwibtsatcom
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：
wwwibtsatcom
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
47
47
47
47
17
17
17
17 s
erve
serve
serve
serve [
[
[
[
s＼v
s＼v
s＼v
s＼v
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v





服
务




供应

Appliedart objects are bound by the laws of physics
i
n
t
wo ways by the materials
used to make them and the function they are to serve

17
17
17
17 representative
representative
representative
representative [
[
[
[
7reprI5zentEtIv
7reprI5zentEtIv
7reprI5zentEtIv
7reprI5zentEtIv
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
代表




典型
10
10
10
10 representation
representation
representation
representation [
[
[
[
7reprIzen5teIFEn
7reprIzen5teIFEn
7reprIzen5teIFEn
7reprIzen5teIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
代表表示表现

Frequently the myths include representatives of those supernatural forces that the rite
s
c
elebrate or hope to influence

17
17
17
17 portion
portion
portion
portion [
[
[
[
5pCFEn
5pCFEn
5pCFEn
5pCFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
部分

The structure of the backbone shows however that Ambulocetus swam like modern
whales by moving the rear portion of its body up and down even though
a
f
luke was
missing

17
17
17
17 pores
pores
pores
pores
（
pore[
pore[
pore[
pore[
pC pCE
pC pCE
pC pCE
pC pCE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
细孔
7
7
7
7 porous
porous
porous
porous [
[
[
[
5pCrEs
5pCrEs
5pCrEs
5pCrEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
孔
5
5
5
5 porosity
porosity
porosity
porosity n
n
n
n
孔性

Consolidated (or cemented) sediments too contain millions of minute waterholding
pores

17
17
17
17 peak
peak
peak
peak [
[
[
[
pik
pik
pik
pik
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
山顶高点

Cave art seems to have reached
a
pe
ak toward the end of the upper Paleolithic period
when the herds of game were decreasing

17
17
17
17 occasionally
occasionally
occasionally
occasionally [
[
[
[
E5keIVEnElI
E5keIVEnElI
E5keIVEnElI
E5keIVEnElI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
偶尔
8
8
8
8 occasional
occasional
occasional
occasional [
[
[
[
E5keIVnEl
E5keIVnEl
E5keIVnEl
E5keIVnEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
偶然
4
4
4
4 occasions
occasions
occasions
occasions
（
occasion[
occasion[
occasion[
occasion[
E5keIVEn
E5keIVEn
E5keIVEn
E5keIVEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
场合




机会

Wind turbines occasionally cause migratory birds to change their flight patterns and
therefore may interfere with the areas where birds of prey prefer to hunt

17
17
17
17 threatened
threatened
threatened
threatened
（
threaten[
threaten[
threaten[
threaten[
5Wretn
5Wretn
5Wretn
5Wretn
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
恐
吓威胁
3
3
3
3 threat
threat
threat
threat [
[
[
[
Wret
Wret
Wret
Wret
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
恐吓




威胁

It has been estimated that
a
n
a
dditional onefourth of the Earth＇s land surface is
threatened by this process

17
17
17
17 issues
issues
issues
issues
（
issue[
issue[
issue[
issue[
5Isju
5Isju
5Isju
5Isju
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
文章问题
v

v
v
v
发
行

They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to
discipline are quick to lighten
a
s
erious moment with humor and try to resolve issues
that threaten to divide the group

17
17
17
17 hind
hind
hind
hind [
[
[
[
haInd
haInd
haInd
haInd
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
面

The large hind legs were used for propulsion
i
n
w
ater

17
17
17
17 gills
gills
gills
gills
（
gill[
gill[
gill[
gill[
dVIl
dVIl
dVIl
dVIl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
鳃

Because they are always swimming tunas simply have to open their mouths and water
is forced
i
n
a
nd over their gills

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
17
17
17
17 generations
generations
generations
generations
（
generation[
generation[
generation[
generation[
7dVenE5reIFEn
7dVenE5reIFEn
7dVenE5reIFEn
7dVenE5reIFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
代产生

Enormous changes
i
n
m
aterials and techniques of construction within the last few
generations have made
i
t
pos
sible to enclose space with much greater ease and speed
and with
a
m
inimum of material

17
17
17
17 frontier
frontier
frontier
frontier [
[
[
[
5frQntjE
5frQntjE
5frQntjE
5frQntjE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
边境

The ocean bottoma region nearly 25 times greater than the total land area of the
Earthis
a
v
ast frontier that even today is largely unexplored and uncharted

17
17
17
17 fort
fort
fort
fort [
[
[
[
fCt
fCt
fCt
fCt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
堡垒




塞

Found
a
di
sturbing change
i
n
t
he animal life around the fort during the period betwee
n
hi
s first visit
i
n
1825 a
nd his final contact with the fort
i
n
1832

17
17
17
17 f
ederal
federal
federal
federal [
[
[
[
5fedErEl
5fedErEl
5fedErEl
5fedErEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
联邦

Sectional jealousies and constitutional scruples stood
i
n
t
he way of action by the老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
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英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
48
48
48
48
f
ederal government and necessary expenditures were too great for private enterprise

17
17
17
17 emit
emit
emit
emit [
[
[
[
I5mIt
I5mIt
I5mIt
I5mIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
散
发发出
16
16
16
16 emission
emission
emission
emission [
[
[
[
I5mIFEn
I5mIFEn
I5mIFEn
I5mIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
散发发射

They sought ways by which one atom or molecule could stimulate many others to em
i
t
l
ight amplifying
i
t
t
o much higher powers

17
17
17
17 data
data
data
data [
[
[
[
5deItE
5deItE
5deItE
5deItE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
数（复数）

Linguistic archaeological and biological data connected the islands to Egypt

17
17
17
17 cultivated
cultivated
cultivated
cultivated
（
cultivate[
cultivate[
cultivate[
cultivate[
5kQltIveIt
5kQltIveIt
5kQltIveIt
5kQltIveIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
培
养




耕作
14
14
14
14 cultivation
cultivation
cultivation
cultivation [
[
[
[
7kQltI5veIFEn
7kQltI5veIFEn
7kQltI5veIFEn
7kQltI5veIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
耕作（细菌等）培养

The culture of that time based
o
n
a
rchaeology and linguistic reconstruction is
assumed to have had
a
br
oad inventory of cultivated plants including taro yarns
banana sugarcane breadfruit coconut sago and rice

17
17
17
17 conventional
conventional
conventional
conventional [
[
[
[
kEn5venFEnl
kEn5venFEnl
kEn5venFEnl
kEn5venFEnl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
传统




约定
10
10
10
10 conventions
conventions
conventions
conventions
（
convention[
convention[
convention[
convention[
kEn5venFEn
kEn5venFEn
kEn5venFEn
kEn5venFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
会协定

Conventional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value
i
n
pr
edicting
short lived local storms like the Edmonton tornado because the available weather data
are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to discern the subtle atmospheri
c
c
hanges that precede these storms

17
17
17
17 attempts
attempts
attempts
attempts
（
attempt[
attempt[
attempt[
attempt[
E5tempt
E5tempt
E5tempt
E5tempt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
尝试攻击
v

v
v
v
尝
试

Although governmental attempts to eradicate fairs and auctions were less than
successful the ordinary course of economic development was
o
n
t
he merchants＇ side as
increasing business specialization became the order of the day

17
17
17
17 assumed
assumed
assumed
assumed
（
assume[
assume[
assume[
assume[
E5sjum
E5sjum
E5sjum
E5sjum
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v






认
7
7
7
7 assumption
assumption
assumption
assumption [
[
[
[
E5sQmpFEn
E5sQmpFEn
E5sQmpFEn
E5sQmpFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
设想




假定

The first Europeans to reach the area assumed that the islands
’
or
iginal inhabitants
must have drifted to Oceania perhaps from Egypt or the Americas

16
16
16
16 wings
wings
wings
wings
（
wing[
wing[
wing[
wing[
wIN
wIN
wIN
wIN
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
翅膀
v

v
v
v
飞




飞
行

One or both wings are held
i
n an
a
bnormal position suggesting injury

16
16
16
16 wealthy
wealthy
wealthy
wealthy [
[
[
[
5welWI
5welWI
5welWI
5welWI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
富

Technological advances always affected the homes of the wealthy first filtering
downward into the urban middle class

16
16
16
16 virtually
virtually
virtually
virtually [
[
[
[
5v＼tjJElI
5v＼tjJElI
5v＼tjJElI
5v＼tjJElI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
事实




实质

The land surrounding Boston had always been poor farm country and by the mid
eighteenth century
i
t
w
as virtually stripped of its timber

16
16
16
16 trading
trading
trading
trading
（
trade[
trade[
trade[
trade[
treId
treId
treId
treId
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
贸易商业
v

v
v
v
交
易

Individual explorers were not as successful at locating games as were the trading
companies

16
16
16
16 survey
survey
survey
survey [
[
[
[
s＼5veI
s＼5veI
s＼5veI
s＼5veI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
调查
v

v
v
v
调
查




测量
3
3
3
3 surveyor
surveyor
surveyor
surveyor [
[
[
[
s＼5veIE
s＼5veIE
s＼5veIE
s＼5veIE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
检查员

W
ork on
e
arly tools surveys of paleoanthropological sites development and testing of
broad ecological theories and advances
i
n
c
omparative primatology are contributing to
knowledge about this central chapter
i
n
hum
an prehistory

16
16
16
16 sufficient
sufficient
sufficient
sufficient [
[
[
[
sE5fIFEnt
sE5fIFEnt
sE5fIFEnt
sE5fIFEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
充足
7
7
7
7 sufficiently
sufficiently
sufficiently
sufficiently [
[
[
[
sE5fIFEntlI
sE5fIFEntlI
sE5fIFEntlI
sE5fIFEntlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
充分
6
6
6
6 insufficient
insufficient
insufficient
insufficient [
[
[
[
7InsE5fIFEnt
7InsE5fIFEnt
7InsE5fIFEnt
7InsE5fIFEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
够

Nesting material should be added
i
n
s
ufficient amounts to avoid both extreme
temperature situations mentioned above and assure that the eggs have
a
s
oft secure
place to rest

16
16
16
16 suck
suck
suck
suck [
[
[
[
sQk
sQk
sQk
sQk
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
吸老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
48
48
48
48
f
ederal government and necessary expenditures were too great for private enterprise

17
17
17
17 emit
emit
emit
emit [
[
[
[
I5mIt
I5mIt
I5mIt
I5mIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
散
发发出
16
16
16
16 emission
emission
emission
emission [
[
[
[
I5mIFEn
I5mIFEn
I5mIFEn
I5mIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
散发发射

They sought ways by which one atom or molecule could stimulate many others to em
i
t
l
ight amplifying
i
t
t
o much higher powers

17
17
17
17 data
data
data
data [
[
[
[
5deItE
5deItE
5deItE
5deItE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
数（复数）

Linguistic archaeological and biological data connected the islands to Egypt

17
17
17
17 cultivated
cultivated
cultivated
cultivated
（
cultivate[
cultivate[
cultivate[
cultivate[
5kQltIveIt
5kQltIveIt
5kQltIveIt
5kQltIveIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
培
养




耕作
14
14
14
14 cultivation
cultivation
cultivation
cultivation [
[
[
[
7kQltI5veIFEn
7kQltI5veIFEn
7kQltI5veIFEn
7kQltI5veIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
耕作（细菌等）培养

The culture of that time based
o
n
a
rchaeology and linguistic reconstruction is
assumed to have had
a
br
oad inventory of cultivated plants including taro yarns
banana sugarcane breadfruit coconut sago and rice

17
17
17
17 conventional
conventional
conventional
conventional [
[
[
[
kEn5venFEnl
kEn5venFEnl
kEn5venFEnl
kEn5venFEnl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
传统




约定
10
10
10
10 conventions
conventions
conventions
conventions
（
convention[
convention[
convention[
convention[
kEn5venFEn
kEn5venFEn
kEn5venFEn
kEn5venFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
会协定

Conventional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value
i
n
pr
edicting
short lived local storms like the Edmonton tornado because the available weather data
are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to discern the subtle atmospheri
c
c
hanges that precede these storms

17
17
17
17 attempts
attempts
attempts
attempts
（
attempt[
attempt[
attempt[
attempt[
E5tempt
E5tempt
E5tempt
E5tempt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
尝试攻击
v

v
v
v
尝
试

Although governmental attempts to eradicate fairs and auctions were less than
successful the ordinary course of economic development was
o
n
t
he merchants＇ side as
increasing business specialization became the order of the day

17
17
17
17 assumed
assumed
assumed
assumed
（
assume[
assume[
assume[
assume[
E5sjum
E5sjum
E5sjum
E5sjum
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v






认
7
7
7
7 assumption
assumption
assumption
assumption [
[
[
[
E5sQmpFEn
E5sQmpFEn
E5sQmpFEn
E5sQmpFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
设想




假定

The first Europeans to reach the area assumed that the islands
’
or
iginal inhabitants
must have drifted to Oceania perhaps from Egypt or the Americas

16
16
16
16 wings
wings
wings
wings
（
wing[
wing[
wing[
wing[
wIN
wIN
wIN
wIN
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
翅膀
v

v
v
v
飞




飞
行

One or both wings are held
i
n an
a
bnormal position suggesting injury

16
16
16
16 wealthy
wealthy
wealthy
wealthy [
[
[
[
5welWI
5welWI
5welWI
5welWI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
富

Technological advances always affected the homes of the wealthy first filtering
downward into the urban middle class

16
16
16
16 virtually
virtually
virtually
virtually [
[
[
[
5v＼tjJElI
5v＼tjJElI
5v＼tjJElI
5v＼tjJElI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
事实




实质

The land surrounding Boston had always been poor farm country and by the mid
eighteenth century
i
t
w
as virtually stripped of its timber

16
16
16
16 trading
trading
trading
trading
（
trade[
trade[
trade[
trade[
treId
treId
treId
treId
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
贸易商业
v

v
v
v
交
易

Individual explorers were not as successful at locating games as were the trading
companies

16
16
16
16 survey
survey
survey
survey [
[
[
[
s＼5veI
s＼5veI
s＼5veI
s＼5veI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
调查
v

v
v
v
调
查




测量
3
3
3
3 surveyor
surveyor
surveyor
surveyor [
[
[
[
s＼5veIE
s＼5veIE
s＼5veIE
s＼5veIE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
检查员

W
ork on
e
arly tools surveys of paleoanthropological sites development and testing of
broad ecological theories and advances
i
n
c
omparative primatology are contributing to
knowledge about this central chapter
i
n
hum
an prehistory

16
16
16
16 sufficient
sufficient
sufficient
sufficient [
[
[
[
sE5fIFEnt
sE5fIFEnt
sE5fIFEnt
sE5fIFEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
充足
7
7
7
7 sufficiently
sufficiently
sufficiently
sufficiently [
[
[
[
sE5fIFEntlI
sE5fIFEntlI
sE5fIFEntlI
sE5fIFEntlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
充分
6
6
6
6 insufficient
insufficient
insufficient
insufficient [
[
[
[
7InsE5fIFEnt
7InsE5fIFEnt
7InsE5fIFEnt
7InsE5fIFEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
够

Nesting material should be added
i
n
s
ufficient amounts to avoid both extreme
temperature situations mentioned above and assure that the eggs have
a
s
oft secure
place to rest

16
16
16
16 suck
suck
suck
suck [
[
[
[
sQk
sQk
sQk
sQk
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
吸老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
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：
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
49
49
49
49

C
onsequently tunas do not need to suck
i
n
w
ater

16
16
16
16 storage
storage
storage
storage [
[
[
[
5stDrIdV
5stDrIdV
5stDrIdV
5stDrIdV
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
保

All organisms therefore allocate energy to growth reproduction maintenance and
storage

16
16
16
16 spontaneous
spontaneous
spontaneous
spontaneous [
[
[
[
spDn5teInjEs nIEs
spDn5teInjEs nIEs
spDn5teInjEs nIEs
spDn5teInjEs nIEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj


However for many years physicists thought that atoms and molecules always were
much more likely to emit light spontaneously and that stimulated emission thus always
would be much weaker

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
16
16
16
16 sophisticated
sophisticated
sophisticated
sophisticated [
[
[
[
sE5fIstIkeItId
sE5fIstIkeItId
sE5fIstIkeItId
sE5fIstIkeItId
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
成熟繁复
3
3
3
3 sophistication
sophistication
sophistication
sophistication [
[
[
[
sE9fIstI`keIFEn
sE9fIstI`keIFEn
sE9fIstI`keIFEn
sE9fIstI`keIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
老世复杂

In addition to their sophisticated technical culture they also attained one of the most
complex social organizations of any nonagricultural people
i
n
t
he world

16
16
16
16 skull
skull
skull
skull [
[
[
[
skQl
skQl
skQl
skQl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
头盖骨

The skull also lacks
a
bl
owhole another cetacean adaptation for diving

16
16
16
16 shells
shells
shells
shells
（
shell[
shell[
shell[
shell[
Fel
Fel
Fel
Fel
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
贝壳
9
9
9
9 eggshell
eggshell
eggshell
eggshell n
n
n
n
蛋壳
6
6
6
6 shellfish
shellfish
shellfish
shellfish [
[
[
[
5FelfIF
5FelfIF
5FelfIF
5FelfIF
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
贝




壳水生动物

Of particular made from the larger mussel shells and
a
v
ariety of cutting edges that
could be made from other marine shells

16
16
16
16 semiarid
semiarid
semiarid
semiarid [
[
[
[
5semI5ArId
5semI5ArId
5semI5ArId
5semI5ArId
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
半干旱
10
10
10
10 arid
arid
arid
arid [
[
[
[
5ArId
5ArId
5ArId
5ArId
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
干燥

This region has
a
s
emiarid climate and for 50 years after its settlement
i
t
s
upported
a
l
owintensity agricultural economy of cattle ranching and wheat farming

16
16
16
16 script
script
script
script [
[
[
[
skrIpt
skrIpt
skrIpt
skrIpt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
手稿




剧

Unfortunately we have no Old European Rosetta stone to chart correspondences
between Old European script and the languages that replaced it

16
16
16
16 plankton
plankton
plankton
plankton [
[
[
[
5plANkt(E)n
5plANkt(E)n
5plANkt(E)n
5plANkt(E)n
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
浮游生物

If for example something were to happen to destroy much of the plankton
i
n
t
he
oceans then the oxygen content of Earth would drop affection even organisms not
living
i
n
t
he oceans

16
16
16
16 participants
participants
participants
participants
（
participant[
participant[
participant[
participant[
pB5tIsIpEnt
pB5tIsIpEnt
pB5tIsIpEnt
pB5tIsIpEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
关系者
11
11
11
11 participated
participated
participated
participated
（
participate[
participate[
participate[
participate[
pB5tIsIpeIt
pB5tIsIpeIt
pB5tIsIpeIt
pB5tIsIpeIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
参
加
3
3
3
3 participation
participation
participation
participation [
[
[
[
pB7tIsI5peIFEn
pB7tIsI5peIFEn
pB7tIsI5peIFEn
pB7tIsI5peIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
分享




参

Causing participants
i
n
e
xperiments to smile for example leads them to report more
positive feelings and to rate cartoons (humorous drawings of people or situations) as
being more humorous

16
16
16
16 naturally
naturally
naturally
naturally [
[
[
[
5nAtFErElI
5nAtFErElI
5nAtFErElI
5nAtFErElI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
然
9
9
9
9 naturalist
naturalist
naturalist
naturalist [
[
[
[
5nAtFErElIst
5nAtFErElIst
5nAtFErElIst
5nAtFErElIst
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
然义者
4
4
4
4 naturalistic
naturalistic
naturalistic
naturalistic adj
adj
adj
adj
然义

Whig and Democratic areas of influence were naturally split between urban and rural
areas respectively

16
16
16
16 musicians
musicians
musicians
musicians
（
musician[
musician[
musician[
musician[
mju5zIFEn
mju5zIFEn
mju5zIFEn
mju5zIFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
音乐家

Like
a
ll
a
rtists jazz musicians strive for
a
n
i
ndividual style and the improvise or
paraphrased is
a
j
azz musician＇s main opportunity to display his or her individuality

16
16
16
16 multiple
multiple
multiple
multiple [
[
[
[
5mQltIpl
5mQltIpl
5mQltIpl
5mQltIpl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
倍数
adj
adj
adj
adj
复合

It is lightweight impermeable to liquids readily cleaned and reused durable yet
fragile and often very beautiful Glass can be decorated
i
n
m
ultiple ways and its optical
properties are exceptional

16
16
16
16 mantle
mantle
mantle
mantle [
[
[
[
5mAntl
5mAntl
5mAntl
5mAntl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
遮盖物




斗篷老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
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：
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英语前线
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：
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留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
49
49
49
49

C
onsequently tunas do not need to suck
i
n
w
ater

16
16
16
16 storage
storage
storage
storage [
[
[
[
5stDrIdV
5stDrIdV
5stDrIdV
5stDrIdV
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
保

All organisms therefore allocate energy to growth reproduction maintenance and
storage

16
16
16
16 spontaneous
spontaneous
spontaneous
spontaneous [
[
[
[
spDn5teInjEs nIEs
spDn5teInjEs nIEs
spDn5teInjEs nIEs
spDn5teInjEs nIEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj


However for many years physicists thought that atoms and molecules always were
much more likely to emit light spontaneously and that stimulated emission thus always
would be much weaker

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
16
16
16
16 sophisticated
sophisticated
sophisticated
sophisticated [
[
[
[
sE5fIstIkeItId
sE5fIstIkeItId
sE5fIstIkeItId
sE5fIstIkeItId
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
成熟繁复
3
3
3
3 sophistication
sophistication
sophistication
sophistication [
[
[
[
sE9fIstI`keIFEn
sE9fIstI`keIFEn
sE9fIstI`keIFEn
sE9fIstI`keIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
老世复杂

In addition to their sophisticated technical culture they also attained one of the most
complex social organizations of any nonagricultural people
i
n
t
he world

16
16
16
16 skull
skull
skull
skull [
[
[
[
skQl
skQl
skQl
skQl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
头盖骨

The skull also lacks
a
bl
owhole another cetacean adaptation for diving

16
16
16
16 shells
shells
shells
shells
（
shell[
shell[
shell[
shell[
Fel
Fel
Fel
Fel
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
贝壳
9
9
9
9 eggshell
eggshell
eggshell
eggshell n
n
n
n
蛋壳
6
6
6
6 shellfish
shellfish
shellfish
shellfish [
[
[
[
5FelfIF
5FelfIF
5FelfIF
5FelfIF
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
贝




壳水生动物

Of particular made from the larger mussel shells and
a
v
ariety of cutting edges that
could be made from other marine shells

16
16
16
16 semiarid
semiarid
semiarid
semiarid [
[
[
[
5semI5ArId
5semI5ArId
5semI5ArId
5semI5ArId
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
半干旱
10
10
10
10 arid
arid
arid
arid [
[
[
[
5ArId
5ArId
5ArId
5ArId
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
干燥

This region has
a
s
emiarid climate and for 50 years after its settlement
i
t
s
upported
a
l
owintensity agricultural economy of cattle ranching and wheat farming

16
16
16
16 script
script
script
script [
[
[
[
skrIpt
skrIpt
skrIpt
skrIpt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
手稿




剧

Unfortunately we have no Old European Rosetta stone to chart correspondences
between Old European script and the languages that replaced it

16
16
16
16 plankton
plankton
plankton
plankton [
[
[
[
5plANkt(E)n
5plANkt(E)n
5plANkt(E)n
5plANkt(E)n
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
浮游生物

If for example something were to happen to destroy much of the plankton
i
n
t
he
oceans then the oxygen content of Earth would drop affection even organisms not
living
i
n
t
he oceans

16
16
16
16 participants
participants
participants
participants
（
participant[
participant[
participant[
participant[
pB5tIsIpEnt
pB5tIsIpEnt
pB5tIsIpEnt
pB5tIsIpEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
关系者
11
11
11
11 participated
participated
participated
participated
（
participate[
participate[
participate[
participate[
pB5tIsIpeIt
pB5tIsIpeIt
pB5tIsIpeIt
pB5tIsIpeIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
参
加
3
3
3
3 participation
participation
participation
participation [
[
[
[
pB7tIsI5peIFEn
pB7tIsI5peIFEn
pB7tIsI5peIFEn
pB7tIsI5peIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
分享




参

Causing participants
i
n
e
xperiments to smile for example leads them to report more
positive feelings and to rate cartoons (humorous drawings of people or situations) as
being more humorous

16
16
16
16 naturally
naturally
naturally
naturally [
[
[
[
5nAtFErElI
5nAtFErElI
5nAtFErElI
5nAtFErElI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
然
9
9
9
9 naturalist
naturalist
naturalist
naturalist [
[
[
[
5nAtFErElIst
5nAtFErElIst
5nAtFErElIst
5nAtFErElIst
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
然义者
4
4
4
4 naturalistic
naturalistic
naturalistic
naturalistic adj
adj
adj
adj
然义

Whig and Democratic areas of influence were naturally split between urban and rural
areas respectively

16
16
16
16 musicians
musicians
musicians
musicians
（
musician[
musician[
musician[
musician[
mju5zIFEn
mju5zIFEn
mju5zIFEn
mju5zIFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
音乐家

Like
a
ll
a
rtists jazz musicians strive for
a
n
i
ndividual style and the improvise or
paraphrased is
a
j
azz musician＇s main opportunity to display his or her individuality

16
16
16
16 multiple
multiple
multiple
multiple [
[
[
[
5mQltIpl
5mQltIpl
5mQltIpl
5mQltIpl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
倍数
adj
adj
adj
adj
复合

It is lightweight impermeable to liquids readily cleaned and reused durable yet
fragile and often very beautiful Glass can be decorated
i
n
m
ultiple ways and its optical
properties are exceptional

16
16
16
16 mantle
mantle
mantle
mantle [
[
[
[
5mAntl
5mAntl
5mAntl
5mAntl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
遮盖物




斗篷老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
50
50
50
50

T
he rocks of the crust are composed mostly of minerals with light elements like
aluminum and sodium while the mantle contains some heavier elements like iron and
magnesium

16
16
16
16 inevitable
inevitable
inevitable
inevitable [
[
[
[
In5evItEbl
In5evItEbl
In5evItEbl
In5evItEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
避免

The reaction of farmers to the inevitable depletion of the Ogallala varies

16
16
16
16 historians
historians
historians
historians
（
historian[
historian[
historian[
historian[
hIs5tCrIEn
hIs5tCrIEn
hIs5tCrIEn
hIs5tCrIEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
历史学家

These writers like most of their male counterparts were amateur historians

16
16
16
16 fresh
fresh
fresh
fresh [
[
[
[
freF
freF
freF
freF
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
新鲜
3
3
3
3 freshwater
freshwater
freshwater
freshwater [
[
[
[
5freFwCtE(r)
5freFwCtE(r)
5freFwCtE(r)
5freFwCtE(r)
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
淡水
3
3
3
3 refreshing
refreshing
refreshing
refreshing
（
refresh[
refresh[
refresh[
refresh[
rI5freF
rI5freF
rI5freF
rI5freF
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

清新

This job gave Smith
a
n
oppor
tunity to study the fresh rock outcrops created by the
newly dug canal

16
16
16
16 favor
favor
favor
favor [
[
[
[
5feIvE
5feIvE
5feIvE
5feIvE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
赞成

Having little understanding of natural causes
i
t
a
ttributes both desirable and
undesirable occurrences to supernatural or magical forces and
i
t
s
earches for means to
win the favor of these forces

16
16
16
16 explore
explore
explore
explore [
[
[
[
Iks5plC
Iks5plC
Iks5plC
Iks5plC
]
]
]
] v
v
v
v



探测探险
15
15
15
15 explorers
explorers
explorers
explorers
（
explorer[
explorer[
explorer[
explorer[
Iks5plCrE eks
Iks5plCrE eks
Iks5plCrE eks
Iks5plCrE eks
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
探险家
9
9
9
9 exploration
exploration
exploration
exploration [
[
[
[
7eksplC5reIFEn
7eksplC5reIFEn
7eksplC5reIFEn
7eksplC5reIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
勘查
3
3
3
3 exploratory
exploratory
exploratory
exploratory adj
adj
adj
adj
探险

Existing technology cannot fully explore the properties of pheromones

16
16
16
16 dwellers
dwellers
dwellers
dwellers
（
dweller[
dweller[
dweller[
dweller[
`dwelE(r)
`dwelE(r)
`dwelE(r)
`dwelE(r)
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
居民
11
11
11
11 dwells
dwells
dwells
dwells
（
dwell[
dwell[
dwell[
dwell[
dwel
dwel
dwel
dwel
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
居
住

But city dwellers also developed other pleasures which only compact communities
made possible

16
16
16
16 drought
drought
drought
drought [
[
[
[
draJt
draJt
draJt
draJt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
干旱

For good measure during the spring and summer drought heat hail grasshoppers
and other frustrations might await the wary grower

16
16
16
16 divided
divided
divided
divided
（
divide[
divide[
divide[
divide[
dI5vaId
dI5vaId
dI5vaId
dI5vaId
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
分




划
分

These can be divided into preformed or passive defense mechanisms and inducible or
active systems

16
16
16
16 decay
decay
decay
decay [
[
[
[
dI5keI
dI5keI
dI5keI
dI5keI
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
腐
朽




腐烂
n
n
n
n
腐朽




腐烂

As soon as the oxygen is gone decay stops and the remaining organic matter is
preserved

16
16
16
16 copper
copper
copper
copper [
[
[
[
5kDpE
5kDpE
5kDpE
5kDpE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
铜
4
4
4
4 coppersmiths
coppersmiths
coppersmiths
coppersmiths
（
coppersmith
coppersmith
coppersmith
coppersmith
）
n
n
n
n
铜匠

Virtually
a
ll
c
opper worked by smiths was imported as sheets or obtained by recyclin
g
ol
d copper goods

16
16
16
16 complicated
complicated
complicated
complicated [
[
[
[
5kDmplIkeItId
5kDmplIkeItId
5kDmplIkeItId
5kDmplIkeItId
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
复杂

But this type of engine was expensive and complicated requiring many precision
fitted moving parts

16
16
16
16 ceremonies
ceremonies
ceremonies
ceremonies
（
ceremony[
ceremony[
ceremony[
ceremony[
5serImEnI
5serImEnI
5serImEnI
5serImEnI
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
仪式
10
10
10
10 ceremonial
ceremonial
ceremonial
ceremonial [
[
[
[
7serI5mEJnjEl
7serI5mEJnjEl
7serI5mEJnjEl
7serI5mEJnjEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
正式

Unfortunately this explanation fails to explain the hidden locations unless the
migrations were celebrated with secret ceremonies

16
16
16
16 cast
cast
cast
cast [
[
[
[
kBst
kBst
kBst
kBst
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
演员阵容




铸件
v

v
v
v
投
图谋

It also casts off attached structures such as tentacles

16
16
16
16 brick
brick
brick
brick [
[
[
[
brIk
brIk
brIk
brIk
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
砖老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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：
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
50
50
50
50

T
he rocks of the crust are composed mostly of minerals with light elements like
aluminum and sodium while the mantle contains some heavier elements like iron and
magnesium

16
16
16
16 inevitable
inevitable
inevitable
inevitable [
[
[
[
In5evItEbl
In5evItEbl
In5evItEbl
In5evItEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
避免

The reaction of farmers to the inevitable depletion of the Ogallala varies

16
16
16
16 historians
historians
historians
historians
（
historian[
historian[
historian[
historian[
hIs5tCrIEn
hIs5tCrIEn
hIs5tCrIEn
hIs5tCrIEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
历史学家

These writers like most of their male counterparts were amateur historians

16
16
16
16 fresh
fresh
fresh
fresh [
[
[
[
freF
freF
freF
freF
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
新鲜
3
3
3
3 freshwater
freshwater
freshwater
freshwater [
[
[
[
5freFwCtE(r)
5freFwCtE(r)
5freFwCtE(r)
5freFwCtE(r)
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
淡水
3
3
3
3 refreshing
refreshing
refreshing
refreshing
（
refresh[
refresh[
refresh[
refresh[
rI5freF
rI5freF
rI5freF
rI5freF
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

清新

This job gave Smith
a
n
oppor
tunity to study the fresh rock outcrops created by the
newly dug canal

16
16
16
16 favor
favor
favor
favor [
[
[
[
5feIvE
5feIvE
5feIvE
5feIvE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
赞成

Having little understanding of natural causes
i
t
a
ttributes both desirable and
undesirable occurrences to supernatural or magical forces and
i
t
s
earches for means to
win the favor of these forces

16
16
16
16 explore
explore
explore
explore [
[
[
[
Iks5plC
Iks5plC
Iks5plC
Iks5plC
]
]
]
] v
v
v
v



探测探险
15
15
15
15 explorers
explorers
explorers
explorers
（
explorer[
explorer[
explorer[
explorer[
Iks5plCrE eks
Iks5plCrE eks
Iks5plCrE eks
Iks5plCrE eks
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
探险家
9
9
9
9 exploration
exploration
exploration
exploration [
[
[
[
7eksplC5reIFEn
7eksplC5reIFEn
7eksplC5reIFEn
7eksplC5reIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
勘查
3
3
3
3 exploratory
exploratory
exploratory
exploratory adj
adj
adj
adj
探险

Existing technology cannot fully explore the properties of pheromones

16
16
16
16 dwellers
dwellers
dwellers
dwellers
（
dweller[
dweller[
dweller[
dweller[
`dwelE(r)
`dwelE(r)
`dwelE(r)
`dwelE(r)
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
居民
11
11
11
11 dwells
dwells
dwells
dwells
（
dwell[
dwell[
dwell[
dwell[
dwel
dwel
dwel
dwel
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
居
住

But city dwellers also developed other pleasures which only compact communities
made possible

16
16
16
16 drought
drought
drought
drought [
[
[
[
draJt
draJt
draJt
draJt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
干旱

For good measure during the spring and summer drought heat hail grasshoppers
and other frustrations might await the wary grower

16
16
16
16 divided
divided
divided
divided
（
divide[
divide[
divide[
divide[
dI5vaId
dI5vaId
dI5vaId
dI5vaId
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
分




划
分

These can be divided into preformed or passive defense mechanisms and inducible or
active systems

16
16
16
16 decay
decay
decay
decay [
[
[
[
dI5keI
dI5keI
dI5keI
dI5keI
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
腐
朽




腐烂
n
n
n
n
腐朽




腐烂

As soon as the oxygen is gone decay stops and the remaining organic matter is
preserved

16
16
16
16 copper
copper
copper
copper [
[
[
[
5kDpE
5kDpE
5kDpE
5kDpE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
铜
4
4
4
4 coppersmiths
coppersmiths
coppersmiths
coppersmiths
（
coppersmith
coppersmith
coppersmith
coppersmith
）
n
n
n
n
铜匠

Virtually
a
ll
c
opper worked by smiths was imported as sheets or obtained by recyclin
g
ol
d copper goods

16
16
16
16 complicated
complicated
complicated
complicated [
[
[
[
5kDmplIkeItId
5kDmplIkeItId
5kDmplIkeItId
5kDmplIkeItId
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
复杂

But this type of engine was expensive and complicated requiring many precision
fitted moving parts

16
16
16
16 ceremonies
ceremonies
ceremonies
ceremonies
（
ceremony[
ceremony[
ceremony[
ceremony[
5serImEnI
5serImEnI
5serImEnI
5serImEnI
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
仪式
10
10
10
10 ceremonial
ceremonial
ceremonial
ceremonial [
[
[
[
7serI5mEJnjEl
7serI5mEJnjEl
7serI5mEJnjEl
7serI5mEJnjEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
正式

Unfortunately this explanation fails to explain the hidden locations unless the
migrations were celebrated with secret ceremonies

16
16
16
16 cast
cast
cast
cast [
[
[
[
kBst
kBst
kBst
kBst
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
演员阵容




铸件
v

v
v
v
投
图谋

It also casts off attached structures such as tentacles

16
16
16
16 brick
brick
brick
brick [
[
[
[
brIk
brIk
brIk
brIk
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
砖老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
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Blog
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：
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
51
51
51
51

W
hen he used
a
n
i
cebox of his own design to transport his butter to market he found
that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff
i
n
t
he rubs of his competitors to
pay
a
pr
emium price for his butter still fresh and hard
i
n
ne
at onepound bricks

16
16
16
16 beneath
beneath
beneath
beneath [
[
[
[
bI5niW
bI5niW
bI5niW
bI5niW
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv







At the same time at margins of converging plates the oceanic crust is being reabsorbed
by being subducted into the mantle and remelted beneath the ocean trenches

16
16
16
16 accompanying
accompanying
accompanying
accompanying
（
accompany[
accompany[
accompany[
accompany[
E5kQmpEnI
E5kQmpEnI
E5kQmpEnI
E5kQmpEnI
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
陪
伴

W
ith
a
ppropriate banking of the extra food the Mandans protected themselves agains
t
t
he disaster of crop failure and accompanying hunger

16
16
16
16 animation
animation
animation
animation [
[
[
[
7AnI5meIFEn
7AnI5meIFEn
7AnI5meIFEn
7AnI5meIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
卡通制作




活泼

The specialized requirements of particular urban situations have further expanded the
use of art
i
n
publ
ic places
i
n
M
emphis sculptor Richard Hunt has created
a
m
onument
to Martin Luther King
J
r
w
ho was slain there
i
n
N
ew York Dan Flavin and Bill
Brand have contributed neon and animation works to the enhancement of mass transit
facilities

16
16
16
16 abundance
abundance
abundance
abundance [
[
[
[
E5bQndEns
E5bQndEns
E5bQndEns
E5bQndEns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
丰富




充足

Above all Roesen＇s art expresses the abundance that America symbolized to many of
its citizens

15
15
15
15 zones
zones
zones
zones
（
zone[
zone[
zone[
zone[
zEJn
zEJn
zEJn
zEJn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
域

At least
i
n
t
emperate zones maximum diversity is often found
i
n
m
idsuccessional
stages not
i
n
t
he climax community

15
15
15
15 volume
volume
volume
volume [
[
[
[
5vDljum (@) jEm
5vDljum (@) jEm
5vDljum (@) jEm
5vDljum (@) jEm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
量




册

Thus
a
pr
oportion of the total volume of any sediment loose or cemented consists of
empty space

15
15
15
15 visual
visual
visual
visual [
[
[
[
5vIzjJEl
5vIzjJEl
5vIzjJEl
5vIzjJEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
形象




视觉

Of
a
ll
t
he visual arts architecture affects our lives most directly for
i
t
de
termines the
character of the human environment
i
n
m
ajor ways

15
15
15
15 tubes
tubes
tubes
tubes
（
tube[
tube[
tube[
tube[
5tjub
5tjub
5tjub
5tjub
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n


In the phonograph parlors customers listened to recordings through individual ear
tubes moving from one machine to the next to hear different recorded speeches or
pieces of music

15
15
15
15 tiny
tiny
tiny
tiny [
[
[
[
5taInI
5taInI
5taInI
5taInI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
少

Many incomplete skeletons were found but they included for the first time
i
n an
a
rchaeocyte
a
c
omplete hind leg that features
a
f
oot with three tiny toes

15
15
15
15 stretch
stretch
stretch
stretch [
[
[
[
stretF
stretF
stretF
stretF
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
伸展张开
v

v
v
v
延
伸伸长

Uniformly these people experienced weightlessness and the sensation that their bodies
were being stretched lengthwise

15
15
15
15 sharp
sharp
sharp
sharp [
[
[
[
FBp
FBp
FBp
FBp
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
锐利

Unlike artisan workshops
i
n
w
hich apprentices worked closely with the masters
supervising them factories sharply separated workers from management

15
15
15
15 refer
refer
refer
refer [
[
[
[
rI5f＼
rI5f＼
rI5f＼
rI5f＼
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v



Ecologists use the term succession to refer to the changes that happen
i
n
pl
ant
communities and ecosystems over time

15
15
15
15 realism
realism
realism
realism [
[
[
[
`rIElIzEm`ri
`rIElIzEm`ri
`rIElIzEm`ri
`rIElIzEm`ri
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
现实性

The philosophy of the movement combined realism ethnic consciousness and
Americanism

15
15
15
15 predict
predict
predict
predict [
[
[
[
prI5dIkt
prI5dIkt
prI5dIkt
prI5dIkt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
预
言




预报
11
11
11
11 unpredictable
unpredictable
unpredictable
unpredictable [
[
[
[
5QnprI5dIktEbl
5QnprI5dIktEbl
5QnprI5dIktEbl
5QnprI5dIktEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
预知老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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英语前线
老
师
Blog
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：
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留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
51
51
51
51

W
hen he used
a
n
i
cebox of his own design to transport his butter to market he found
that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff
i
n
t
he rubs of his competitors to
pay
a
pr
emium price for his butter still fresh and hard
i
n
ne
at onepound bricks

16
16
16
16 beneath
beneath
beneath
beneath [
[
[
[
bI5niW
bI5niW
bI5niW
bI5niW
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv







At the same time at margins of converging plates the oceanic crust is being reabsorbed
by being subducted into the mantle and remelted beneath the ocean trenches

16
16
16
16 accompanying
accompanying
accompanying
accompanying
（
accompany[
accompany[
accompany[
accompany[
E5kQmpEnI
E5kQmpEnI
E5kQmpEnI
E5kQmpEnI
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
陪
伴

W
ith
a
ppropriate banking of the extra food the Mandans protected themselves agains
t
t
he disaster of crop failure and accompanying hunger

16
16
16
16 animation
animation
animation
animation [
[
[
[
7AnI5meIFEn
7AnI5meIFEn
7AnI5meIFEn
7AnI5meIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
卡通制作




活泼

The specialized requirements of particular urban situations have further expanded the
use of art
i
n
publ
ic places
i
n
M
emphis sculptor Richard Hunt has created
a
m
onument
to Martin Luther King
J
r
w
ho was slain there
i
n
N
ew York Dan Flavin and Bill
Brand have contributed neon and animation works to the enhancement of mass transit
facilities

16
16
16
16 abundance
abundance
abundance
abundance [
[
[
[
E5bQndEns
E5bQndEns
E5bQndEns
E5bQndEns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
丰富




充足

Above all Roesen＇s art expresses the abundance that America symbolized to many of
its citizens

15
15
15
15 zones
zones
zones
zones
（
zone[
zone[
zone[
zone[
zEJn
zEJn
zEJn
zEJn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
域

At least
i
n
t
emperate zones maximum diversity is often found
i
n
m
idsuccessional
stages not
i
n
t
he climax community

15
15
15
15 volume
volume
volume
volume [
[
[
[
5vDljum (@) jEm
5vDljum (@) jEm
5vDljum (@) jEm
5vDljum (@) jEm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
量




册

Thus
a
pr
oportion of the total volume of any sediment loose or cemented consists of
empty space

15
15
15
15 visual
visual
visual
visual [
[
[
[
5vIzjJEl
5vIzjJEl
5vIzjJEl
5vIzjJEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
形象




视觉

Of
a
ll
t
he visual arts architecture affects our lives most directly for
i
t
de
termines the
character of the human environment
i
n
m
ajor ways

15
15
15
15 tubes
tubes
tubes
tubes
（
tube[
tube[
tube[
tube[
5tjub
5tjub
5tjub
5tjub
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n


In the phonograph parlors customers listened to recordings through individual ear
tubes moving from one machine to the next to hear different recorded speeches or
pieces of music

15
15
15
15 tiny
tiny
tiny
tiny [
[
[
[
5taInI
5taInI
5taInI
5taInI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
少

Many incomplete skeletons were found but they included for the first time
i
n an
a
rchaeocyte
a
c
omplete hind leg that features
a
f
oot with three tiny toes

15
15
15
15 stretch
stretch
stretch
stretch [
[
[
[
stretF
stretF
stretF
stretF
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
伸展张开
v

v
v
v
延
伸伸长

Uniformly these people experienced weightlessness and the sensation that their bodies
were being stretched lengthwise

15
15
15
15 sharp
sharp
sharp
sharp [
[
[
[
FBp
FBp
FBp
FBp
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
锐利

Unlike artisan workshops
i
n
w
hich apprentices worked closely with the masters
supervising them factories sharply separated workers from management

15
15
15
15 refer
refer
refer
refer [
[
[
[
rI5f＼
rI5f＼
rI5f＼
rI5f＼
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v



Ecologists use the term succession to refer to the changes that happen
i
n
pl
ant
communities and ecosystems over time

15
15
15
15 realism
realism
realism
realism [
[
[
[
`rIElIzEm`ri
`rIElIzEm`ri
`rIElIzEm`ri
`rIElIzEm`ri
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
现实性

The philosophy of the movement combined realism ethnic consciousness and
Americanism

15
15
15
15 predict
predict
predict
predict [
[
[
[
prI5dIkt
prI5dIkt
prI5dIkt
prI5dIkt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
预
言




预报
11
11
11
11 unpredictable
unpredictable
unpredictable
unpredictable [
[
[
[
5QnprI5dIktEbl
5QnprI5dIktEbl
5QnprI5dIktEbl
5QnprI5dIktEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
预知老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
52
52
52
52
5
5
5
5 p
redictable
predictable
predictable
predictable [
[
[
[
prI5dIktEb(E)l
prI5dIktEb(E)l
prI5dIktEb(E)l
prI5dIktEb(E)l
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
预言
4
4
4
4 predictions
predictions
predictions
predictions
（
prediction[
prediction[
prediction[
prediction[
prI5dIkFEn
prI5dIkFEn
prI5dIkFEn
prI5dIkFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
预言

This record has already provided insights into the patterns and causes of past climatic
changeinformation that may be used to predict future climates

15
15
15
15 opposite
opposite
opposite
opposite [
[
[
[
5DpEzIt
5DpEzIt
5DpEzIt
5DpEzIt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
相




立

The facialfeedback hypothesis argues however that the causal relationship between
emotions and facial expressions can also work
i
n
t
he opposite direction

15
15
15
15 negative
negative
negative
negative [
[
[
[
5ne^EtIv
5ne^EtIv
5ne^EtIv
5ne^EtIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
否定负消极

Petroleum extraction can have
a
ne
gative impact
o
n
t
he environment

15
15
15
15 moral
moral
moral
moral [
[
[
[
5mDrEl
5mDrEl
5mDrEl
5mDrEl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
道德品行
adj
adj
adj
adj
道德

In particular Whigs
i
n
t
he northern sections of the United States also believed that
government power should be used to foster the moral welfare of the country

15
15
15
15 modified
modified
modified
modified
（
modify[
modify[
modify[
modify[
5mDdIfaI
5mDdIfaI
5mDdIfaI
5mDdIfaI
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
更
改修饰
3
3
3
3 modification
modification
modification
modification [
[
[
[
7mDdIfI5keIFEn
7mDdIfI5keIFEn
7mDdIfI5keIFEn
7mDdIfI5keIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
修改




缓

Most of Canada and the northeastern United States consists of shortgrass prairies
wherever natural vegetation has not been modified by humans

15
15
15
15 Missouri
Missouri
Missouri
Missouri [
[
[
[
mI5zJErI
mI5zJErI
mI5zJErI
mI5zJErI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
密苏里

One group the Mandans lived
i
n
t
he upper Missouri River country primarily
i
n
pr
esentday North Dakota

15
15
15
15 mississippi
mississippi
mississippi
mississippi [
[
[
[
7mIsI5sIpI
7mIsI5sIpI
7mIsI5sIpI
7mIsI5sIpI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
密西西州

The larger rivers especially the Mississippi and the Ohio became increasingly usefu
l
a
s steamboats grew
i
n
num
ber and improved
i
n
de
sign

15
15
15
15 investigation
investigation
investigation
investigation [
[
[
[
In7vestI5^eIFEn
In7vestI5^eIFEn
In7vestI5^eIFEn
In7vestI5^eIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
调查




研究
13
13
13
13 investigators
investigators
investigators
investigators
（
investigator[
investigator[
investigator[
investigator[
In`vestI^eItE(r)
In`vestI^eItE(r)
In`vestI^eItE(r)
In`vestI^eItE(r)
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
调查者




研究者
3
3
3
3 investigate
investigate
investigate
investigate [
[
[
[
In5vestI^eIt
In5vestI^eIt
In5vestI^eIt
In5vestI^eIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
调
查




研究

This has been called historical archaeology
a
t
erm that is used
i
n
t
he United States to
refer to any archaeological investigation into North American sites that postdate the
arrival of Europeans

15
15
15
15 inner
inner
inner
inner [
[
[
[
5InE
5InE
5InE
5InE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
部
3
3
3
3 innermost
innermost
innermost
innermost [
[
[
[
`InEmEJst
`InEmEJst
`InEmEJst
`InEmEJst
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
心




深处

Using the combined action of the bill and tongue the bird cracks open and discards the
woody seed covering action and swallows the nutritious inner kernel

15
15
15
15 initial
initial
initial
initial [
[
[
[
I5nIFEl
I5nIFEl
I5nIFEl
I5nIFEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
开始初

The cinema did not emerge as
a
f
orm of mass consumption until its technology
evolved from the initial peepshow format to the point where images were projected
o
n
a
s
creen
i
n
a
da
rkened theater

15
15
15
15 grazing
grazing
grazing
grazing
（
graze[
graze[
graze[
graze[
^reIz
^reIz
^reIz
^reIz
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
放
牧
7
7
7
7 overgrazing
overgrazing
overgrazing
overgrazing adj
adj
adj
adj
度放牧

Some scientists have proposed that the presence of increasing levels of ultraviolet light
with elevation may play
a
r
ole while browsing and grazing animals like the ibex may
be another contributing factor

老师
Blog
：
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留学英语前线
15
15
15
15 giant
giant
giant
giant [
[
[
[
5dVaIEnt
5dVaIEnt
5dVaIEnt
5dVaIEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
庞

A
ga
laxy is giant family of many millions of stars and
i
t
i
s held together by its own
gravitational field

15
15
15
15 generated
generated
generated
generated
（
generate[
generate[
generate[
generate[
5dVenE7reIt
5dVenE7reIt
5dVenE7reIt
5dVenE7reIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
产
生




导致

It is hoped that by focusing
o
n
t
hem the errors generated by imperfect and incomplete
taxonomy will be minimized

15
15
15
15 derived
derived
derived
derived
（
derive[
derive[
derive[
derive[
dI5raIv
dI5raIv
dI5raIv
dI5raIv
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v






起源

The motivation derived from the text and
i
n
t
he case of singing the music
i
n老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
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：
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
52
52
52
52
5
5
5
5 p
redictable
predictable
predictable
predictable [
[
[
[
prI5dIktEb(E)l
prI5dIktEb(E)l
prI5dIktEb(E)l
prI5dIktEb(E)l
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
预言
4
4
4
4 predictions
predictions
predictions
predictions
（
prediction[
prediction[
prediction[
prediction[
prI5dIkFEn
prI5dIkFEn
prI5dIkFEn
prI5dIkFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
预言

This record has already provided insights into the patterns and causes of past climatic
changeinformation that may be used to predict future climates

15
15
15
15 opposite
opposite
opposite
opposite [
[
[
[
5DpEzIt
5DpEzIt
5DpEzIt
5DpEzIt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
相




立

The facialfeedback hypothesis argues however that the causal relationship between
emotions and facial expressions can also work
i
n
t
he opposite direction

15
15
15
15 negative
negative
negative
negative [
[
[
[
5ne^EtIv
5ne^EtIv
5ne^EtIv
5ne^EtIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
否定负消极

Petroleum extraction can have
a
ne
gative impact
o
n
t
he environment

15
15
15
15 moral
moral
moral
moral [
[
[
[
5mDrEl
5mDrEl
5mDrEl
5mDrEl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
道德品行
adj
adj
adj
adj
道德

In particular Whigs
i
n
t
he northern sections of the United States also believed that
government power should be used to foster the moral welfare of the country

15
15
15
15 modified
modified
modified
modified
（
modify[
modify[
modify[
modify[
5mDdIfaI
5mDdIfaI
5mDdIfaI
5mDdIfaI
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
更
改修饰
3
3
3
3 modification
modification
modification
modification [
[
[
[
7mDdIfI5keIFEn
7mDdIfI5keIFEn
7mDdIfI5keIFEn
7mDdIfI5keIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
修改




缓

Most of Canada and the northeastern United States consists of shortgrass prairies
wherever natural vegetation has not been modified by humans

15
15
15
15 Missouri
Missouri
Missouri
Missouri [
[
[
[
mI5zJErI
mI5zJErI
mI5zJErI
mI5zJErI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
密苏里

One group the Mandans lived
i
n
t
he upper Missouri River country primarily
i
n
pr
esentday North Dakota

15
15
15
15 mississippi
mississippi
mississippi
mississippi [
[
[
[
7mIsI5sIpI
7mIsI5sIpI
7mIsI5sIpI
7mIsI5sIpI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
密西西州

The larger rivers especially the Mississippi and the Ohio became increasingly usefu
l
a
s steamboats grew
i
n
num
ber and improved
i
n
de
sign

15
15
15
15 investigation
investigation
investigation
investigation [
[
[
[
In7vestI5^eIFEn
In7vestI5^eIFEn
In7vestI5^eIFEn
In7vestI5^eIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
调查




研究
13
13
13
13 investigators
investigators
investigators
investigators
（
investigator[
investigator[
investigator[
investigator[
In`vestI^eItE(r)
In`vestI^eItE(r)
In`vestI^eItE(r)
In`vestI^eItE(r)
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
调查者




研究者
3
3
3
3 investigate
investigate
investigate
investigate [
[
[
[
In5vestI^eIt
In5vestI^eIt
In5vestI^eIt
In5vestI^eIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
调
查




研究

This has been called historical archaeology
a
t
erm that is used
i
n
t
he United States to
refer to any archaeological investigation into North American sites that postdate the
arrival of Europeans

15
15
15
15 inner
inner
inner
inner [
[
[
[
5InE
5InE
5InE
5InE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
部
3
3
3
3 innermost
innermost
innermost
innermost [
[
[
[
`InEmEJst
`InEmEJst
`InEmEJst
`InEmEJst
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
心




深处

Using the combined action of the bill and tongue the bird cracks open and discards the
woody seed covering action and swallows the nutritious inner kernel

15
15
15
15 initial
initial
initial
initial [
[
[
[
I5nIFEl
I5nIFEl
I5nIFEl
I5nIFEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
开始初

The cinema did not emerge as
a
f
orm of mass consumption until its technology
evolved from the initial peepshow format to the point where images were projected
o
n
a
s
creen
i
n
a
da
rkened theater

15
15
15
15 grazing
grazing
grazing
grazing
（
graze[
graze[
graze[
graze[
^reIz
^reIz
^reIz
^reIz
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
放
牧
7
7
7
7 overgrazing
overgrazing
overgrazing
overgrazing adj
adj
adj
adj
度放牧

Some scientists have proposed that the presence of increasing levels of ultraviolet light
with elevation may play
a
r
ole while browsing and grazing animals like the ibex may
be another contributing factor

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留学英语前线
15
15
15
15 giant
giant
giant
giant [
[
[
[
5dVaIEnt
5dVaIEnt
5dVaIEnt
5dVaIEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
庞

A
ga
laxy is giant family of many millions of stars and
i
t
i
s held together by its own
gravitational field

15
15
15
15 generated
generated
generated
generated
（
generate[
generate[
generate[
generate[
5dVenE7reIt
5dVenE7reIt
5dVenE7reIt
5dVenE7reIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
产
生




导致

It is hoped that by focusing
o
n
t
hem the errors generated by imperfect and incomplete
taxonomy will be minimized

15
15
15
15 derived
derived
derived
derived
（
derive[
derive[
derive[
derive[
dI5raIv
dI5raIv
dI5raIv
dI5raIv
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v






起源

The motivation derived from the text and
i
n
t
he case of singing the music
i
n老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
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Toefl
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词汇红宝书
53
53
53
53
c
ombination with the performer＇s skills personality and ability to create empathy will
determine the success of artistic political or pedagogic communication

15
15
15
15 Dakota
Dakota
Dakota
Dakota [
[
[
[
dE5kEJtE
dE5kEJtE
dE5kEJtE
dE5kEJtE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
达科州

In principle
a
ll
t
he power needs of the United States could be provided by exploiting
the wind potential of just three states—North Dakota South Dakota and Texas

15
15
15
15 critical
critical
critical
critical [
[
[
[
5krItIkEl
5krItIkEl
5krItIkEl
5krItIkEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
批评




危险
7
7
7
7 criticize
criticize
criticize
criticize [
[
[
[
5krItIsaIz
5krItIsaIz
5krItIsaIz
5krItIsaIz
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
批
评评价
6
6
6
6 criticism
criticism
criticism
criticism [
[
[
[
5krItIsIz(E)m
5krItIsIz(E)m
5krItIsIz(E)m
5krItIsIz(E)m
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
批评

In Texas
a
gr
eat deal of attention is being paid to genetic engineering because
i
t
i
s
there that the most critical situation exists

15
15
15
15 creatures
creatures
creatures
creatures
（
creature[
creature[
creature[
creature[
5kritFE
5kritFE
5kritFE
5kritFE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
生物

For tens of millions of years those great creatures had flourished

15
15
15
15 consumed
consumed
consumed
consumed
（
consume[
consume[
consume[
consume[
kEn5sjum
kEn5sjum
kEn5sjum
kEn5sjum
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
消
耗消灭消费
14
14
14
14 consumption
consumption
consumption
consumption [
[
[
[
kEn5sQmpFEn
kEn5sQmpFEn
kEn5sQmpFEn
kEn5sQmpFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
消费消耗
10
10
10
10 consumer
consumer
consumer
consumer [
[
[
[
kEn5sjumE
kEn5sjumE
kEn5sjumE
kEn5sjumE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
消费者

The explosion is also calculated to have produced vast quantities of nitric acid and
melted rock that sprayed out over much of Earth starting widespread fires that must
have consumed most terrestrial forests and grassland

15
15
15
15 coarse
coarse
coarse
coarse [
[
[
[
kCs
kCs
kCs
kCs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
粗糙

Extensive falls of volcanic ash and coarser particles overwhelm and bury
a
ll
f
orms of
life from flying insects to great trees

15
15
15
15 classical
classical
classical
classical [
[
[
[
5klAsIkEl
5klAsIkEl
5klAsIkEl
5klAsIkEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
古典

The subject of
a
s
culpture should be derived from classical stories

15
15
15
15 barbed
barbed
barbed
barbed
（
barb[
barb[
barb[
barb[
bBb
bBb
bBb
bBb
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
倒钩
v

v
v
v
装
倒钩

Barbed wire first patented
i
n
t
he United States
i
n
1867 pl
ayed
a
n
i
mportant part
i
n
t
he
development of American farming as
i
t
e
nabled the settlers to make effective fencing to
enclose their land and keep cattle away from their crops

15
15
15
15 Atlantic
Atlantic
Atlantic
Atlantic [
[
[
[
Et5lAntIk
Et5lAntIk
Et5lAntIk
Et5lAntIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
西洋

The Atlantic Ocean formed like this as the American and AfroEuropean plates move
i
n
oppos
ite directions

15
15
15
15 apart
apart
apart
apart [
[
[
[
E5pBt
E5pBt
E5pBt
E5pBt
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
分

Demonstrations of infants
’
a
nd toddlers＇ longterm memory have involved their
repeating motor activities that they had seen or done earlier

s
uch as reaching
i
n
t
he dar
k
f
or objects putting
a
bot
tle
i
n
a
dol
l
’
s
m
outh or pulling apart two pieces of
a
t
oy

15
15
15
15 anthropologists
anthropologists
anthropologists
anthropologists
（
anthropologist[
anthropologist[
anthropologist[
anthropologist[
7AnWrE5pDlEdVIst
7AnWrE5pDlEdVIst
7AnWrE5pDlEdVIst
7AnWrE5pDlEdVIst
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
类学家

The anthropologist Alexander Marshack has
a
n
i
nteresting interpretation of some of
the engravings made during the Upper Paleolithic

15
15
15
15 agrarian
agrarian
agrarian
agrarian [
[
[
[
E5^reErIEn
E5^reErIEn
E5^reErIEn
E5^reErIEn
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
耕

The Democrats wanted the rewards of the market without sacrificing the features of
a
s
imple agrarian republic

14
14
14
14 stage
stage
stage
stage [
[
[
[
steIdV
steIdV
steIdV
steIdV
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
舞台阶段
5
5
5
5 stagecoaches
stagecoaches
stagecoaches
stagecoaches
（
stagecoach
stagecoach
stagecoach
stagecoach
）
n
n
n
n
公马车

By holding
i
n
r
ather than venting steam we set the stage for future explosions

14
14
14
14 virtue
virtue
virtue
virtue [
[
[
[
5v＼tju
5v＼tju
5v＼tju
5v＼tju
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
德行美德

In the United States as well as
i
n
G
reat Britain reformers extolled the virtues of
handcrafted objects simple straightforward design solid materials of good quality
and sound enduring construction techniques

14
14
14
14 themes
themes
themes
themes
（
theme[
theme[
theme[
theme[
Wim
Wim
Wim
Wim
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
题老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
53
53
53
53
c
ombination with the performer＇s skills personality and ability to create empathy will
determine the success of artistic political or pedagogic communication

15
15
15
15 Dakota
Dakota
Dakota
Dakota [
[
[
[
dE5kEJtE
dE5kEJtE
dE5kEJtE
dE5kEJtE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
达科州

In principle
a
ll
t
he power needs of the United States could be provided by exploiting
the wind potential of just three states—North Dakota South Dakota and Texas

15
15
15
15 critical
critical
critical
critical [
[
[
[
5krItIkEl
5krItIkEl
5krItIkEl
5krItIkEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
批评




危险
7
7
7
7 criticize
criticize
criticize
criticize [
[
[
[
5krItIsaIz
5krItIsaIz
5krItIsaIz
5krItIsaIz
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
批
评评价
6
6
6
6 criticism
criticism
criticism
criticism [
[
[
[
5krItIsIz(E)m
5krItIsIz(E)m
5krItIsIz(E)m
5krItIsIz(E)m
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
批评

In Texas
a
gr
eat deal of attention is being paid to genetic engineering because
i
t
i
s
there that the most critical situation exists

15
15
15
15 creatures
creatures
creatures
creatures
（
creature[
creature[
creature[
creature[
5kritFE
5kritFE
5kritFE
5kritFE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
生物

For tens of millions of years those great creatures had flourished

15
15
15
15 consumed
consumed
consumed
consumed
（
consume[
consume[
consume[
consume[
kEn5sjum
kEn5sjum
kEn5sjum
kEn5sjum
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
消
耗消灭消费
14
14
14
14 consumption
consumption
consumption
consumption [
[
[
[
kEn5sQmpFEn
kEn5sQmpFEn
kEn5sQmpFEn
kEn5sQmpFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
消费消耗
10
10
10
10 consumer
consumer
consumer
consumer [
[
[
[
kEn5sjumE
kEn5sjumE
kEn5sjumE
kEn5sjumE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
消费者

The explosion is also calculated to have produced vast quantities of nitric acid and
melted rock that sprayed out over much of Earth starting widespread fires that must
have consumed most terrestrial forests and grassland

15
15
15
15 coarse
coarse
coarse
coarse [
[
[
[
kCs
kCs
kCs
kCs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
粗糙

Extensive falls of volcanic ash and coarser particles overwhelm and bury
a
ll
f
orms of
life from flying insects to great trees

15
15
15
15 classical
classical
classical
classical [
[
[
[
5klAsIkEl
5klAsIkEl
5klAsIkEl
5klAsIkEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
古典

The subject of
a
s
culpture should be derived from classical stories

15
15
15
15 barbed
barbed
barbed
barbed
（
barb[
barb[
barb[
barb[
bBb
bBb
bBb
bBb
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
倒钩
v

v
v
v
装
倒钩

Barbed wire first patented
i
n
t
he United States
i
n
1867 pl
ayed
a
n
i
mportant part
i
n
t
he
development of American farming as
i
t
e
nabled the settlers to make effective fencing to
enclose their land and keep cattle away from their crops

15
15
15
15 Atlantic
Atlantic
Atlantic
Atlantic [
[
[
[
Et5lAntIk
Et5lAntIk
Et5lAntIk
Et5lAntIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
西洋

The Atlantic Ocean formed like this as the American and AfroEuropean plates move
i
n
oppos
ite directions

15
15
15
15 apart
apart
apart
apart [
[
[
[
E5pBt
E5pBt
E5pBt
E5pBt
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
分

Demonstrations of infants
’
a
nd toddlers＇ longterm memory have involved their
repeating motor activities that they had seen or done earlier

s
uch as reaching
i
n
t
he dar
k
f
or objects putting
a
bot
tle
i
n
a
dol
l
’
s
m
outh or pulling apart two pieces of
a
t
oy

15
15
15
15 anthropologists
anthropologists
anthropologists
anthropologists
（
anthropologist[
anthropologist[
anthropologist[
anthropologist[
7AnWrE5pDlEdVIst
7AnWrE5pDlEdVIst
7AnWrE5pDlEdVIst
7AnWrE5pDlEdVIst
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
类学家

The anthropologist Alexander Marshack has
a
n
i
nteresting interpretation of some of
the engravings made during the Upper Paleolithic

15
15
15
15 agrarian
agrarian
agrarian
agrarian [
[
[
[
E5^reErIEn
E5^reErIEn
E5^reErIEn
E5^reErIEn
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
耕

The Democrats wanted the rewards of the market without sacrificing the features of
a
s
imple agrarian republic

14
14
14
14 stage
stage
stage
stage [
[
[
[
steIdV
steIdV
steIdV
steIdV
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
舞台阶段
5
5
5
5 stagecoaches
stagecoaches
stagecoaches
stagecoaches
（
stagecoach
stagecoach
stagecoach
stagecoach
）
n
n
n
n
公马车

By holding
i
n
r
ather than venting steam we set the stage for future explosions

14
14
14
14 virtue
virtue
virtue
virtue [
[
[
[
5v＼tju
5v＼tju
5v＼tju
5v＼tju
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
德行美德

In the United States as well as
i
n
G
reat Britain reformers extolled the virtues of
handcrafted objects simple straightforward design solid materials of good quality
and sound enduring construction techniques

14
14
14
14 themes
themes
themes
themes
（
theme[
theme[
theme[
theme[
Wim
Wim
Wim
Wim
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
题老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
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：
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英语前线
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
54
54
54
54

W
hether abstract stylized or realistically treated the consistent theme
i
n
v
irtually
a
ll
A
rts and Crafts design is nature

14
14
14
14 symbol
symbol
symbol
symbol [
[
[
[
5sImbEl
5sImbEl
5sImbEl
5sImbEl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
符号




象征
10
10
10
10 symbolic
symbolic
symbolic
symbolic [
[
[
[
sIm5bDlIk
sIm5bDlIk
sIm5bDlIk
sIm5bDlIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
象征
3
3
3
3 symbolism
symbolism
symbolism
symbolism [
[
[
[
5sImbElIzEm
5sImbElIzEm
5sImbElIzEm
5sImbElIzEm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
象征义

The first generation to experience these changes did not adopt the new attitudes easil
y

T
he factory clock became the symbol of the new work rules

14
14
14
14 signal
signal
signal
signal [
[
[
[
5sI^nl
5sI^nl
5sI^nl
5sI^nl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
信号
v

v
v
v





发
信号

For example facial expressions could signal the approach of enemies (or friends)
i
n
t
he absence of language

14
14
14
14 series
series
series
series [
[
[
[
5sIEriz
5sIEriz
5sIEriz
5sIEriz
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
系列连续

Most tunas and billfishes have
a
s
eries of keels and finlets near the tail

14
14
14
14 seek
seek
seek
seek [
[
[
[
sik
sik
sik
sik
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
寻
求




探索
12
12
12
12 sought[
sought[
sought[
sought[
sCt
sCt
sCt
sCt
]
]
]
]
（式）

Architects seek to create buildings that are both visually appealing and well suited for
human use

14
14
14
14 saturated
saturated
saturated
saturated
（
saturate[
saturate[
saturate[
saturate[
5sAtFEreIt
5sAtFEreIt
5sAtFEreIt
5sAtFEreIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
浸
透

In lowland country almost any spot
o
n
t
he ground may overlie what was once the bed
of
a
r
iver that has since become buried by soil if they are now below the water
’
s
uppe
r
surface (the water table) the gravels and sands of the former riverbed and its sandbars
will be saturated with groundwater

14
14
14
14 random
random
random
random [
[
[
[
5rAndEm
5rAndEm
5rAndEm
5rAndEm
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
意机

Earth is
a
t
arget
i
n
a
c
osmic shooting gallery subject to random violent events that
were unsuspected
a
f
ew decades ago

14
14
14
14 puzzling
puzzling
puzzling
puzzling
（
puzzle[
puzzle[
puzzle[
puzzle[
5pQzl
5pQzl
5pQzl
5pQzl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
难题迷惑
v

v
v
v

迷惑

Among squirrels though there is
a
pa
rticularly puzzling behavior pattern

14
14
14
14 pure
pure
pure
pure [
[
[
[
pjJE
pjJE
pjJE
pjJE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
纯纯净

Chivalry was suspect before Cervantes humanists objected to the claims of pure
science before Aldous Huxley and people were aware of famine before Swift

14
14
14
14 philosophy
philosophy
philosophy
philosophy [
[
[
[
fI5lDsEfI
fI5lDsEfI
fI5lDsEfI
fI5lDsEfI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
哲学生观
4
4
4
4 philosophers
philosophers
philosophers
philosophers
（
philosopher[
philosopher[
philosopher[
philosopher[
fI5lDsEfE
fI5lDsEfE
fI5lDsEfE
fI5lDsEfE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
哲学家

Other however have adopted the philosophy that
i
t
i
s best to use the water while
i
t
i
s
still economically profitable to do so and to concentrate
o
n
hi
ghvalue crops such as
cotton

14
14
14
14 proposed
proposed
proposed
proposed
（
propose[
propose[
propose[
propose[
prE5pEJz
prE5pEJz
prE5pEJz
prE5pEJz
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
计
划




建议

Initially 70 sites were proposed as candidates for sanctuary status

14
14
14
14 Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania [
[
[
[
pensIl5veInjE nIE
pensIl5veInjE nIE
pensIl5veInjE nIE
pensIl5veInjE nIE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
宾夕法尼亚州

A
f
ew houses
i
n
N
ew England were built of stone but only
i
n
P
ennsylvania and
adjacent areas was stone widely used
i
n
dw
ellings

14
14
14
14 overcome
overcome
overcome
overcome [
[
[
[
7EJvE5kQm
7EJvE5kQm
7EJvE5kQm
7EJvE5kQm
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
克
服胜

Fortunately scientific and technological advances have overcome most of these
problems

14
14
14
14 Ohio
Ohio
Ohio
Ohio [
[
[
[
EJ5haIEJ
EJ5haIEJ
EJ5haIEJ
EJ5haIEJ
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
俄亥俄州

But people who really knew the Ohio the Missouri and the Mississippi insisted with
good reasons that
i
t
w
as the only engine for them

14
14
14
14 nutritional
nutritional
nutritional
nutritional [
[
[
[
njU `trIFEnEl
njU `trIFEnEl
njU `trIFEnEl
njU `trIFEnEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
营养
11
11
11
11 nutrition
nutrition
nutrition
nutrition [
[
[
[
nju5trIFEn
nju5trIFEn
nju5trIFEn
nju5trIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
营养

There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
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词汇红宝书
54
54
54
54

W
hether abstract stylized or realistically treated the consistent theme
i
n
v
irtually
a
ll
A
rts and Crafts design is nature

14
14
14
14 symbol
symbol
symbol
symbol [
[
[
[
5sImbEl
5sImbEl
5sImbEl
5sImbEl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
符号




象征
10
10
10
10 symbolic
symbolic
symbolic
symbolic [
[
[
[
sIm5bDlIk
sIm5bDlIk
sIm5bDlIk
sIm5bDlIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
象征
3
3
3
3 symbolism
symbolism
symbolism
symbolism [
[
[
[
5sImbElIzEm
5sImbElIzEm
5sImbElIzEm
5sImbElIzEm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
象征义

The first generation to experience these changes did not adopt the new attitudes easil
y

T
he factory clock became the symbol of the new work rules

14
14
14
14 signal
signal
signal
signal [
[
[
[
5sI^nl
5sI^nl
5sI^nl
5sI^nl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
信号
v

v
v
v





发
信号

For example facial expressions could signal the approach of enemies (or friends)
i
n
t
he absence of language

14
14
14
14 series
series
series
series [
[
[
[
5sIEriz
5sIEriz
5sIEriz
5sIEriz
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
系列连续

Most tunas and billfishes have
a
s
eries of keels and finlets near the tail

14
14
14
14 seek
seek
seek
seek [
[
[
[
sik
sik
sik
sik
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
寻
求




探索
12
12
12
12 sought[
sought[
sought[
sought[
sCt
sCt
sCt
sCt
]
]
]
]
（式）

Architects seek to create buildings that are both visually appealing and well suited for
human use

14
14
14
14 saturated
saturated
saturated
saturated
（
saturate[
saturate[
saturate[
saturate[
5sAtFEreIt
5sAtFEreIt
5sAtFEreIt
5sAtFEreIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
浸
透

In lowland country almost any spot
o
n
t
he ground may overlie what was once the bed
of
a
r
iver that has since become buried by soil if they are now below the water
’
s
uppe
r
surface (the water table) the gravels and sands of the former riverbed and its sandbars
will be saturated with groundwater

14
14
14
14 random
random
random
random [
[
[
[
5rAndEm
5rAndEm
5rAndEm
5rAndEm
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
意机

Earth is
a
t
arget
i
n
a
c
osmic shooting gallery subject to random violent events that
were unsuspected
a
f
ew decades ago

14
14
14
14 puzzling
puzzling
puzzling
puzzling
（
puzzle[
puzzle[
puzzle[
puzzle[
5pQzl
5pQzl
5pQzl
5pQzl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
难题迷惑
v

v
v
v

迷惑

Among squirrels though there is
a
pa
rticularly puzzling behavior pattern

14
14
14
14 pure
pure
pure
pure [
[
[
[
pjJE
pjJE
pjJE
pjJE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
纯纯净

Chivalry was suspect before Cervantes humanists objected to the claims of pure
science before Aldous Huxley and people were aware of famine before Swift

14
14
14
14 philosophy
philosophy
philosophy
philosophy [
[
[
[
fI5lDsEfI
fI5lDsEfI
fI5lDsEfI
fI5lDsEfI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
哲学生观
4
4
4
4 philosophers
philosophers
philosophers
philosophers
（
philosopher[
philosopher[
philosopher[
philosopher[
fI5lDsEfE
fI5lDsEfE
fI5lDsEfE
fI5lDsEfE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
哲学家

Other however have adopted the philosophy that
i
t
i
s best to use the water while
i
t
i
s
still economically profitable to do so and to concentrate
o
n
hi
ghvalue crops such as
cotton

14
14
14
14 proposed
proposed
proposed
proposed
（
propose[
propose[
propose[
propose[
prE5pEJz
prE5pEJz
prE5pEJz
prE5pEJz
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
计
划




建议

Initially 70 sites were proposed as candidates for sanctuary status

14
14
14
14 Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania [
[
[
[
pensIl5veInjE nIE
pensIl5veInjE nIE
pensIl5veInjE nIE
pensIl5veInjE nIE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
宾夕法尼亚州

A
f
ew houses
i
n
N
ew England were built of stone but only
i
n
P
ennsylvania and
adjacent areas was stone widely used
i
n
dw
ellings

14
14
14
14 overcome
overcome
overcome
overcome [
[
[
[
7EJvE5kQm
7EJvE5kQm
7EJvE5kQm
7EJvE5kQm
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
克
服胜

Fortunately scientific and technological advances have overcome most of these
problems

14
14
14
14 Ohio
Ohio
Ohio
Ohio [
[
[
[
EJ5haIEJ
EJ5haIEJ
EJ5haIEJ
EJ5haIEJ
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
俄亥俄州

But people who really knew the Ohio the Missouri and the Mississippi insisted with
good reasons that
i
t
w
as the only engine for them

14
14
14
14 nutritional
nutritional
nutritional
nutritional [
[
[
[
njU `trIFEnEl
njU `trIFEnEl
njU `trIFEnEl
njU `trIFEnEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
营养
11
11
11
11 nutrition
nutrition
nutrition
nutrition [
[
[
[
nju5trIFEn
nju5trIFEn
nju5trIFEn
nju5trIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
营养

There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
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：
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
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词汇红宝书
55
55
55
55
s
ynthetic ones that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs that
untreated grains are better than fumigated grains and the like

14
14
14
14 magnetic
magnetic
magnetic
magnetic [
[
[
[
mA^5netIk
mA^5netIk
mA^5netIk
mA^5netIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
磁性
7
7
7
7 magnetosphere
magnetosphere
magnetosphere
magnetosphere n
n
n
n
磁力计

The spectacular aurora light displays that appear
i
n
E
arth＇s atmosphere around the
north and south magnetic poles were once mysterious phenomena

14
14
14
14 justified
justified
justified
justified
（
justify[
justify[
justify[
justify[
5dVQstIfaI
5dVQstIfaI
5dVQstIfaI
5dVQstIfaI
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
证
明证明合法

People who believe that aggression is necessary and justified do not necessarily act
aggressively during wartime

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
老师
Toefl
词汇红宝书
14
14
14
14 investment
investment
investment
investment [
[
[
[
In5vestmEnt
In5vestmEnt
In5vestmEnt
In5vestmEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
投资
10
10
10
10 investors
investors
investors
investors
（
investor[
investor[
investor[
investor[
In5vestE
In5vestE
In5vestE
In5vestE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
投资
3
3
3
3 invest
invest
invest
invest [
[
[
[
In5vest
In5vest
In5vest
In5vest
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
投
资

Thus
a
m
inimum investment has been made
i
n
t
he body that becomes
a
pl
atform for
seed dispersal

14
14
14
14 interpret
interpret
interpret
interpret [
[
[
[
In5t＼prIt
In5t＼prIt
In5t＼prIt
In5t＼prIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
解
释




诠释
7
7
7
7 interpretation
interpretation
interpretation
interpretation [
[
[
[
In7t＼prI5teIFEn
In7t＼prI5teIFEn
In7t＼prI5teIFEn
In7t＼prI5teIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
解释




翻译

Cognitive psychologists assert that our behavior is influenced by our values by the
ways
i
n
w
hich we interpret our situations and by choice

14
14
14
14 impressions
impressions
impressions
impressions
（
impression[
impression[
impression[
impression[
Im5preFEn
Im5preFEn
Im5preFEn
Im5preFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
印象
9
9
9
9 impressive
impressive
impressive
impressive [
[
[
[
Im5presIv
Im5presIv
Im5presIv
Im5presIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
深刻印象
5
5
5
5 impressionism
impressionism
impressionism
impressionism [
[
[
[
Im5preFEnIz(E)m
Im5preFEnIz(E)m
Im5preFEnIz(E)m
Im5preFEnIz(E)m
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
印象义
7
7
7
7 impressionists
impressionists
impressionists
impressionists
（
impressionist
impressionist
impressionist
impressionist
）
n
n
n
n
印象义者
3
3
3
3 impressed
impressed
impressed
impressed
（
impress[
impress[
impress[
impress[
Im5pres
Im5pres
Im5pres
Im5pres
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

印象

IN Them(1969) she focused
o
n
D
etroit from the Depression through the notes of 1967
drawing much of her material from the deep impression made
o
n
he
r by the problems of
one of her students

14
14
14
14 imitate
imitate
imitate
imitate [
[
[
[
5ImIteIt
5ImIteIt
5ImIteIt
5ImIteIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
模
仿
9
9
9
9 imitation
imitation
imitation
imitation [
[
[
[
ImI5teIFEn
ImI5teIFEn
ImI5teIFEn
ImI5teIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
模仿
6
6
6
6 imitative
imitative
imitative
imitative [
[
[
[
5ImItEtIv
5ImItEtIv
5ImItEtIv
5ImItEtIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
模仿

More likely numerous assistants who had been trained to imitate the artist＇s style
applied the paint

14
14
14
14 glaze
glaze
glaze
glaze [
[
[
[
^leIz
^leIz
^leIz
^leIz
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
釉光
v

v
v
v

光

A
gl
aze is
a
f
orm of slip that turns to
a
gl
asslike finish during hightemperature firing

14
14
14
14 ge
ometric
geometric
geometric
geometric [
[
[
[
dVIE5metrIk
dVIE5metrIk
dVIE5metrIk
dVIE5metrIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
学

Soon
a
di
stinct aesthetic code evolved from should be simple surfaces plain and any
ornament should be based
o
n
ge
ometric relationships

14
14
14
14 furniture
furniture
furniture
furniture [
[
[
[
5f＼nItFE
5f＼nItFE
5f＼nItFE
5f＼nItFE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
家具

They may be expressed toward parents
i
n
i
ndirect ways such as destroying furniture
or they may be expressed toward strangers later
i
n
l
ife

14
14
14
14 fail
fail
fail
fail [
[
[
[
feIl
feIl
feIl
feIl
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
失
败格
8
8
8
8 failure
failure
failure
failure [
[
[
[
5feIljE
5feIljE
5feIljE
5feIljE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
失败

Few predators fail to pursue such obviously vulnerable prey

14
14
14
14 formal
formal
formal
formal [
[
[
[
5fCmEl
5fCmEl
5fCmEl
5fCmEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
正式
3
3
3
3 formalized
formalized
formalized
formalized
（
formalize[
formalize[
formalize[
formalize[
5fCmElaIz
5fCmElaIz
5fCmElaIz
5fCmElaIz
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
正
式化




形式化

The arrival of
a
gr
eat wave of southern and eastern European immigrants at the turn of
the century coincided with and contributed to
a
n
e
normous expansion of formal
schooling

14
14
14
14 extracted
extracted
extracted
extracted
（
extract[
extract[
extract[
extract[
Iks5trAkt
Iks5trAkt
Iks5trAkt
Iks5trAkt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
摘
录




吸取
6
6
6
6 extraction
extraction
extraction
extraction [
[
[
[
Iks5trAkFEn
Iks5trAkFEn
Iks5trAkFEn
Iks5trAkFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
抽出

Through hearing stories with
a
c
lear beginning

m
iddle and ending children may lea
r
n老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
55
55
55
55
s
ynthetic ones that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs that
untreated grains are better than fumigated grains and the like

14
14
14
14 magnetic
magnetic
magnetic
magnetic [
[
[
[
mA^5netIk
mA^5netIk
mA^5netIk
mA^5netIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
磁性
7
7
7
7 magnetosphere
magnetosphere
magnetosphere
magnetosphere n
n
n
n
磁力计

The spectacular aurora light displays that appear
i
n
E
arth＇s atmosphere around the
north and south magnetic poles were once mysterious phenomena

14
14
14
14 justified
justified
justified
justified
（
justify[
justify[
justify[
justify[
5dVQstIfaI
5dVQstIfaI
5dVQstIfaI
5dVQstIfaI
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
证
明证明合法

People who believe that aggression is necessary and justified do not necessarily act
aggressively during wartime

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Blog
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Toefl
词汇红宝书
14
14
14
14 investment
investment
investment
investment [
[
[
[
In5vestmEnt
In5vestmEnt
In5vestmEnt
In5vestmEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
投资
10
10
10
10 investors
investors
investors
investors
（
investor[
investor[
investor[
investor[
In5vestE
In5vestE
In5vestE
In5vestE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
投资
3
3
3
3 invest
invest
invest
invest [
[
[
[
In5vest
In5vest
In5vest
In5vest
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
投
资

Thus
a
m
inimum investment has been made
i
n
t
he body that becomes
a
pl
atform for
seed dispersal

14
14
14
14 interpret
interpret
interpret
interpret [
[
[
[
In5t＼prIt
In5t＼prIt
In5t＼prIt
In5t＼prIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
解
释




诠释
7
7
7
7 interpretation
interpretation
interpretation
interpretation [
[
[
[
In7t＼prI5teIFEn
In7t＼prI5teIFEn
In7t＼prI5teIFEn
In7t＼prI5teIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
解释




翻译

Cognitive psychologists assert that our behavior is influenced by our values by the
ways
i
n
w
hich we interpret our situations and by choice

14
14
14
14 impressions
impressions
impressions
impressions
（
impression[
impression[
impression[
impression[
Im5preFEn
Im5preFEn
Im5preFEn
Im5preFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
印象
9
9
9
9 impressive
impressive
impressive
impressive [
[
[
[
Im5presIv
Im5presIv
Im5presIv
Im5presIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
深刻印象
5
5
5
5 impressionism
impressionism
impressionism
impressionism [
[
[
[
Im5preFEnIz(E)m
Im5preFEnIz(E)m
Im5preFEnIz(E)m
Im5preFEnIz(E)m
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
印象义
7
7
7
7 impressionists
impressionists
impressionists
impressionists
（
impressionist
impressionist
impressionist
impressionist
）
n
n
n
n
印象义者
3
3
3
3 impressed
impressed
impressed
impressed
（
impress[
impress[
impress[
impress[
Im5pres
Im5pres
Im5pres
Im5pres
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

印象

IN Them(1969) she focused
o
n
D
etroit from the Depression through the notes of 1967
drawing much of her material from the deep impression made
o
n
he
r by the problems of
one of her students

14
14
14
14 imitate
imitate
imitate
imitate [
[
[
[
5ImIteIt
5ImIteIt
5ImIteIt
5ImIteIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
模
仿
9
9
9
9 imitation
imitation
imitation
imitation [
[
[
[
ImI5teIFEn
ImI5teIFEn
ImI5teIFEn
ImI5teIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
模仿
6
6
6
6 imitative
imitative
imitative
imitative [
[
[
[
5ImItEtIv
5ImItEtIv
5ImItEtIv
5ImItEtIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
模仿

More likely numerous assistants who had been trained to imitate the artist＇s style
applied the paint

14
14
14
14 glaze
glaze
glaze
glaze [
[
[
[
^leIz
^leIz
^leIz
^leIz
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
釉光
v

v
v
v

光

A
gl
aze is
a
f
orm of slip that turns to
a
gl
asslike finish during hightemperature firing

14
14
14
14 ge
ometric
geometric
geometric
geometric [
[
[
[
dVIE5metrIk
dVIE5metrIk
dVIE5metrIk
dVIE5metrIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
学

Soon
a
di
stinct aesthetic code evolved from should be simple surfaces plain and any
ornament should be based
o
n
ge
ometric relationships

14
14
14
14 furniture
furniture
furniture
furniture [
[
[
[
5f＼nItFE
5f＼nItFE
5f＼nItFE
5f＼nItFE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
家具

They may be expressed toward parents
i
n
i
ndirect ways such as destroying furniture
or they may be expressed toward strangers later
i
n
l
ife

14
14
14
14 fail
fail
fail
fail [
[
[
[
feIl
feIl
feIl
feIl
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
失
败格
8
8
8
8 failure
failure
failure
failure [
[
[
[
5feIljE
5feIljE
5feIljE
5feIljE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
失败

Few predators fail to pursue such obviously vulnerable prey

14
14
14
14 formal
formal
formal
formal [
[
[
[
5fCmEl
5fCmEl
5fCmEl
5fCmEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
正式
3
3
3
3 formalized
formalized
formalized
formalized
（
formalize[
formalize[
formalize[
formalize[
5fCmElaIz
5fCmElaIz
5fCmElaIz
5fCmElaIz
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
正
式化




形式化

The arrival of
a
gr
eat wave of southern and eastern European immigrants at the turn of
the century coincided with and contributed to
a
n
e
normous expansion of formal
schooling

14
14
14
14 extracted
extracted
extracted
extracted
（
extract[
extract[
extract[
extract[
Iks5trAkt
Iks5trAkt
Iks5trAkt
Iks5trAkt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
摘
录




吸取
6
6
6
6 extraction
extraction
extraction
extraction [
[
[
[
Iks5trAkFEn
Iks5trAkFEn
Iks5trAkFEn
Iks5trAkFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
抽出

Through hearing stories with
a
c
lear beginning

m
iddle and ending children may lea
r
n老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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老师
Toefl
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Toefl
词汇红宝书
56
56
56
56
t
o extract the gist of events
i
n
w
ays that they will be able to describe many years later

14
14
14
14 e
ntrances
entrances
entrances
entrances
（
entrance[
entrance[
entrance[
entrance[
In5trBns
In5trBns
In5trBns
In5trBns
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
入口进入
6
6
6
6 entry
entry
entry
entry [
[
[
[
5entrI
5entrI
5entrI
5entrI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
登录




进入

Unlike painters of the recently discovered paintings other Lascaux cave painters
usually painted
o
n
r
ocks near cave entrances or
i
n
ope
n spaces outside the caves

14
14
14
14 enormous
enormous
enormous
enormous [
[
[
[
I5nCmEs
I5nCmEs
I5nCmEs
I5nCmEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
巨

Enormous changes
i
n
m
aterials and techniques of construction within the last few
generations have made
i
t
pos
sible to enclose space with much greater ease and speed
and with
a
m
inimum of material

14
14
14
14 engaged
engaged
engaged
engaged
（
engage[
engage[
engage[
engage[
In5^eIdV
In5^eIdV
In5^eIdV
In5^eIdV
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
雇
佣预定涉

It would therefore not be too great
a
n
e
xaggeration to say that practitioners of the fine
arts work to overcome the limitations of their materials whereas those engaged
i
n
t
he
applied arts work
i
n
c
oncert with their materials

14
14
14
14 encourage
encourage
encourage
encourage [
[
[
[
In5kQrIdV
In5kQrIdV
In5kQrIdV
In5kQrIdV
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
鼓
励
12
12
12
12 encouraging
encouraging
encouraging
encouraging [
[
[
[
In`kQrIdVIN
In`kQrIdVIN
In`kQrIdVIN
In`kQrIdVIN
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
令鼓舞

Other studies however suggest that letting some steam escape actually encourages
more aggression later on

14
14
14
14 durable
durable
durable
durable [
[
[
[
5djJErEbl
5djJErEbl
5djJErEbl
5djJErEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
持久

Therefore the higher the clay content
i
n
a
s
ample the more refined and durable the
shapes into which
i
t
c
an be molded

14
14
14
14 crucial
crucial
crucial
crucial [
[
[
[
5kruFIEl 5kruFEl
5kruFIEl 5kruFEl
5kruFIEl 5kruFEl
5kruFIEl 5kruFEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
决定性

The most crucial factor behind this phenomenal upsurge
i
n
pr
oductivity was the
widespread adoption of laborsaving machinery by northern farmers

14
14
14
14 molecules
molecules
molecules
molecules
（
molecule[
molecule[
molecule[
molecule[
5mDlIkjul 5mEJ
5mDlIkjul 5mEJ
5mDlIkjul 5mEJ
5mDlIkjul 5mEJ
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
分子
5
5
5
5 molecular
molecular
molecular
molecular [
[
[
[
mEJ5lekjJlE
mEJ5lekjJlE
mEJ5lekjJlE
mEJ5lekjJlE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
分子

Stimulated emission is different because
i
t
oc
curs when
a
n
a
tom or molecule holding
onto excess energy has been stimulated to emit
i
t
a
s light

14
14
14
14 conclusions
conclusions
conclusions
conclusions
（
conclusion[
conclusion[
conclusion[
conclusion[
kEn5kluVEn
kEn5kluVEn
kEn5kluVEn
kEn5kluVEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
结
9
9
9
9 concluded
concluded
concluded
concluded
（
conclude[
conclude[
conclude[
conclude[
kEn5klud
kEn5klud
kEn5klud
kEn5klud
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
断
定推断
3
3
3
3 conclusive
conclusive
conclusive
conclusive [
[
[
[
kEn5klusIv
kEn5klusIv
kEn5klusIv
kEn5klusIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
决定性

There have also been less dramatic extinctions as when natural competition between
species reached
a
n
e
xtreme conclusion

14
14
14
14 collectively
collectively
collectively
collectively
[
[
[
[
kE5lektIvlI
kE5lektIvlI
kE5lektIvlI
kE5lektIvlI
]
]
]
]
adv
adv
adv
adv
全体
8
8
8
8 collection
collection
collection
collection [
[
[
[
kE5lekFEn
kE5lekFEn
kE5lekFEn
kE5lekFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
收藏




搜集品
3
3
3
3 collectible
collectible
collectible
collectible adj
adj
adj
adj
收集

Growing tightly packed together and collectively weaving
a
de
nse canopy of
branches
a
s
tand of red alder trees can totally dominate
a
s
ite to the exclusion of almost
everything else

14
14
14
14 coal
coal
coal
coal [
[
[
[
kEJl
kEJl
kEJl
kEJl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
煤
6
6
6
6 charcoal
charcoal
charcoal
charcoal [
[
[
[
5tFBkEJl
5tFBkEJl
5tFBkEJl
5tFBkEJl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
木炭

The companies building the canals to transport coal needed surveyors to help them
find the coal deposits worth mining as well as to determine the best courses for the
canals
．

14
14
14
14 b
oom
boom
boom
boom [
[
[
[
bum
bum
bum
bum
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
激
增暴涨

Whatever the final answer to the water crisis may be
i
t
i
s evident that within the Hig
h
P
lains irrigation water will never again be the abundant inexpensive resource
i
t
w
as
during the agricultural boom years of the midtwentieth century

14
14
14
14 bands
bands
bands
bands
（
band[
band[
band[
band[
bAnd
bAnd
bAnd
bAnd
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
带乐队

Composers such as Krzysztof Pmderecki create sound that borders
o
n
e
lectronic noise
through tone clusters—closely spaced tones played together and heard as
a
m
ass block老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
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留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
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：
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留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
56
56
56
56
t
o extract the gist of events
i
n
w
ays that they will be able to describe many years later

14
14
14
14 e
ntrances
entrances
entrances
entrances
（
entrance[
entrance[
entrance[
entrance[
In5trBns
In5trBns
In5trBns
In5trBns
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
入口进入
6
6
6
6 entry
entry
entry
entry [
[
[
[
5entrI
5entrI
5entrI
5entrI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
登录




进入

Unlike painters of the recently discovered paintings other Lascaux cave painters
usually painted
o
n
r
ocks near cave entrances or
i
n
ope
n spaces outside the caves

14
14
14
14 enormous
enormous
enormous
enormous [
[
[
[
I5nCmEs
I5nCmEs
I5nCmEs
I5nCmEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
巨

Enormous changes
i
n
m
aterials and techniques of construction within the last few
generations have made
i
t
pos
sible to enclose space with much greater ease and speed
and with
a
m
inimum of material

14
14
14
14 engaged
engaged
engaged
engaged
（
engage[
engage[
engage[
engage[
In5^eIdV
In5^eIdV
In5^eIdV
In5^eIdV
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
雇
佣预定涉

It would therefore not be too great
a
n
e
xaggeration to say that practitioners of the fine
arts work to overcome the limitations of their materials whereas those engaged
i
n
t
he
applied arts work
i
n
c
oncert with their materials

14
14
14
14 encourage
encourage
encourage
encourage [
[
[
[
In5kQrIdV
In5kQrIdV
In5kQrIdV
In5kQrIdV
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
鼓
励
12
12
12
12 encouraging
encouraging
encouraging
encouraging [
[
[
[
In`kQrIdVIN
In`kQrIdVIN
In`kQrIdVIN
In`kQrIdVIN
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
令鼓舞

Other studies however suggest that letting some steam escape actually encourages
more aggression later on

14
14
14
14 durable
durable
durable
durable [
[
[
[
5djJErEbl
5djJErEbl
5djJErEbl
5djJErEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
持久

Therefore the higher the clay content
i
n
a
s
ample the more refined and durable the
shapes into which
i
t
c
an be molded

14
14
14
14 crucial
crucial
crucial
crucial [
[
[
[
5kruFIEl 5kruFEl
5kruFIEl 5kruFEl
5kruFIEl 5kruFEl
5kruFIEl 5kruFEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
决定性

The most crucial factor behind this phenomenal upsurge
i
n
pr
oductivity was the
widespread adoption of laborsaving machinery by northern farmers

14
14
14
14 molecules
molecules
molecules
molecules
（
molecule[
molecule[
molecule[
molecule[
5mDlIkjul 5mEJ
5mDlIkjul 5mEJ
5mDlIkjul 5mEJ
5mDlIkjul 5mEJ
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
分子
5
5
5
5 molecular
molecular
molecular
molecular [
[
[
[
mEJ5lekjJlE
mEJ5lekjJlE
mEJ5lekjJlE
mEJ5lekjJlE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
分子

Stimulated emission is different because
i
t
oc
curs when
a
n
a
tom or molecule holding
onto excess energy has been stimulated to emit
i
t
a
s light

14
14
14
14 conclusions
conclusions
conclusions
conclusions
（
conclusion[
conclusion[
conclusion[
conclusion[
kEn5kluVEn
kEn5kluVEn
kEn5kluVEn
kEn5kluVEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
结
9
9
9
9 concluded
concluded
concluded
concluded
（
conclude[
conclude[
conclude[
conclude[
kEn5klud
kEn5klud
kEn5klud
kEn5klud
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
断
定推断
3
3
3
3 conclusive
conclusive
conclusive
conclusive [
[
[
[
kEn5klusIv
kEn5klusIv
kEn5klusIv
kEn5klusIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
决定性

There have also been less dramatic extinctions as when natural competition between
species reached
a
n
e
xtreme conclusion

14
14
14
14 collectively
collectively
collectively
collectively
[
[
[
[
kE5lektIvlI
kE5lektIvlI
kE5lektIvlI
kE5lektIvlI
]
]
]
]
adv
adv
adv
adv
全体
8
8
8
8 collection
collection
collection
collection [
[
[
[
kE5lekFEn
kE5lekFEn
kE5lekFEn
kE5lekFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
收藏




搜集品
3
3
3
3 collectible
collectible
collectible
collectible adj
adj
adj
adj
收集

Growing tightly packed together and collectively weaving
a
de
nse canopy of
branches
a
s
tand of red alder trees can totally dominate
a
s
ite to the exclusion of almost
everything else

14
14
14
14 coal
coal
coal
coal [
[
[
[
kEJl
kEJl
kEJl
kEJl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
煤
6
6
6
6 charcoal
charcoal
charcoal
charcoal [
[
[
[
5tFBkEJl
5tFBkEJl
5tFBkEJl
5tFBkEJl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
木炭

The companies building the canals to transport coal needed surveyors to help them
find the coal deposits worth mining as well as to determine the best courses for the
canals
．

14
14
14
14 b
oom
boom
boom
boom [
[
[
[
bum
bum
bum
bum
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
激
增暴涨

Whatever the final answer to the water crisis may be
i
t
i
s evident that within the Hig
h
P
lains irrigation water will never again be the abundant inexpensive resource
i
t
w
as
during the agricultural boom years of the midtwentieth century

14
14
14
14 bands
bands
bands
bands
（
band[
band[
band[
band[
bAnd
bAnd
bAnd
bAnd
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
带乐队

Composers such as Krzysztof Pmderecki create sound that borders
o
n
e
lectronic noise
through tone clusters—closely spaced tones played together and heard as
a
m
ass block老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
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：
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英语前线
老
师
Blog
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Blog
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：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
57
57
57
57
or ba
nd of sound

14
14
14
14 awareness
awareness
awareness
awareness [
[
[
[
E5weEnIs
E5weEnIs
E5weEnIs
E5weEnIs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
察觉
8
8
8
8 aware
aware
aware
aware [
[
[
[
E5weE
E5weE
E5weE
E5weE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
知道 （固定搭配：
be
be
be
be aware
aware
aware
aware of
of
of
of
知道
~~~
~~~
~~~
~~~
）

Satire serves to prod people into
a
n
a
wareness of truth though rarely to any action
o
n
be
half of truth

14
14
14
14 ash
ash
ash
ash [
[
[
[
AF
AF
AF
AF
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
灰

Sometimes phlogiston seemed to show
a
pos
itive weight when for example wood
burned the ash weighed less than the starting material

14
14
14
14 archaeopteryx
archaeopteryx
archaeopteryx
archaeopteryx n
n
n
n
始祖鸟

That is because of the unusual preservation
i
n
a
l
imestone quarry
i
n
s
outhern Germany
of Archaeopteryx
a
f
ossil that many have called the link between dinosaurs and birds

14
14
14
14 ar
chaeology
archaeology
archaeology
archaeology [
[
[
[
7BkI5DlEdVI
7BkI5DlEdVI
7BkI5DlEdVI
7BkI5DlEdVI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
考古学
13
13
13
13 archaeologists
archaeologists
archaeologists
archaeologists
（
archaeologist[
archaeologist[
archaeologist[
archaeologist[
7BkI5DlEdVIst
7BkI5DlEdVIst
7BkI5DlEdVIst
7BkI5DlEdVIst
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
考古学家
7
7
7
7 archaeological
archaeological
archaeological
archaeological [
[
[
[
7BkIE5lDdVIkEl
7BkIE5lDdVIkEl
7BkIE5lDdVIkEl
7BkIE5lDdVIkEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
考古学

This newer emphasis
o
n
a
rchaeology as social history has shown great promise and
indeed work done
i
n
t
his area has lead to
a
r
einterpretation of the United States past

14
14
14
14 annual
annual
annual
annual [
[
[
[
5AnjJEl
5AnjJEl
5AnjJEl
5AnjJEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
年
8
8
8
8 annually
annually
annually
annually [
[
[
[
5AnjJElI
5AnjJElI
5AnjJElI
5AnjJElI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
年

The cavemaking recipe calls for
a
s
teady emission of volcanic gas and heat
a
he
avy
annual snowfall at
a
n
e
levation high enough to keep
i
t
f
rom melting during the summer
and
a
bow
lshaped crater to hold the snow

14
14
14
14 Los
Los
Los
LosAngeles
Angeles
Angeles
Angeles n
n
n
n
洛杉矶

Approximately 800000 cars were registered
i
n
L
os Angeles County
i
n
1930 one pe
r
27 residents

14
14
14
14 aesthetic
aesthetic
aesthetic
aesthetic [
[
[
[
is5WetIk
is5WetIk
is5WetIk
is5WetIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
美学
4
4
4
4
aesthetically
aesthetically
aesthetically
aesthetically [
[
[
[
is5WetIklI
is5WetIklI
is5WetIklI
is5WetIklI
]
]
]
]
adv
adv
adv
adv
审美

Iron despite its structural advantages had little aesthetic status

14
14
14
14 acid
acid
acid
acid [
[
[
[
5AsId
5AsId
5AsId
5AsId
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
酸
adj
adj
adj
adj
酸
4
4
4
4 acidic
acidic
acidic
acidic [
[
[
[
E`sIdIk
E`sIdIk
E`sIdIk
E`sIdIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
酸性

It turns out that some fossils can be extracted from these sediments by putting the
rocks
i
n an
a
cid bath

14
14
14
14 account
account
account
account [
[
[
[
E5kaJnt
E5kaJnt
E5kaJnt
E5kaJnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
帐单




帐目
v

v
v
v





视
认

The quality of preservation is almost unmatched and quarry operations factors do not
account for the interesting question of how there came to be such
a
c
oncentration of
pregnant ichthyosaurs
i
n
a
pa
rticular place very close to their time of giving birth

13
13
13
13 unions
unions
unions
unions
（
union[
union[
union[
union[
5junjEn
5junjEn
5junjEn
5junjEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
联盟

Craft workers such as carpenters printers and tailors formed unions and
i
n
1834
i
ndividual unions came together
i
n
t
he National Trades＇ Union

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
13
13
13
13 unfortunately
unfortunately
unfortunately
unfortunately [
[
[
[
Qn5fCtjJnEtlI
Qn5fCtjJnEtlI
Qn5fCtjJnEtlI
Qn5fCtjJnEtlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
幸

Unfortunately the cost of water obtained through any of these schemes would
increase pumping costs at least tenfold making the cost of irrigated agricultural
products from the region uncompetitive
o
n
t
he national and international markets

13
13
13
13 ultimately
ultimately
ultimately
ultimately [
[
[
[
5QltImEtlI
5QltImEtlI
5QltImEtlI
5QltImEtlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv


Storage is important but ultimately that energy will be used for maintenance
reproduction or growth

13
13
13
13 trapped
trapped
trapped
trapped
（
trap[
trap[
trap[
trap[
trAp
trAp
trAp
trAp
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
陷阱阴谋
v

v
v
v
设
陷阱捕捉阻止

When the well reaches
a
pool

o
il
us
ually rises up the well because of its density
difference with water beneath
i
t
or be
cause of the pressure of expanding gas trapped
above it
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
57
57
57
57
or ba
nd of sound

14
14
14
14 awareness
awareness
awareness
awareness [
[
[
[
E5weEnIs
E5weEnIs
E5weEnIs
E5weEnIs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
察觉
8
8
8
8 aware
aware
aware
aware [
[
[
[
E5weE
E5weE
E5weE
E5weE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
知道 （固定搭配：
be
be
be
be aware
aware
aware
aware of
of
of
of
知道
~~~
~~~
~~~
~~~
）

Satire serves to prod people into
a
n
a
wareness of truth though rarely to any action
o
n
be
half of truth

14
14
14
14 ash
ash
ash
ash [
[
[
[
AF
AF
AF
AF
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
灰

Sometimes phlogiston seemed to show
a
pos
itive weight when for example wood
burned the ash weighed less than the starting material

14
14
14
14 archaeopteryx
archaeopteryx
archaeopteryx
archaeopteryx n
n
n
n
始祖鸟

That is because of the unusual preservation
i
n
a
l
imestone quarry
i
n
s
outhern Germany
of Archaeopteryx
a
f
ossil that many have called the link between dinosaurs and birds

14
14
14
14 ar
chaeology
archaeology
archaeology
archaeology [
[
[
[
7BkI5DlEdVI
7BkI5DlEdVI
7BkI5DlEdVI
7BkI5DlEdVI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
考古学
13
13
13
13 archaeologists
archaeologists
archaeologists
archaeologists
（
archaeologist[
archaeologist[
archaeologist[
archaeologist[
7BkI5DlEdVIst
7BkI5DlEdVIst
7BkI5DlEdVIst
7BkI5DlEdVIst
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
考古学家
7
7
7
7 archaeological
archaeological
archaeological
archaeological [
[
[
[
7BkIE5lDdVIkEl
7BkIE5lDdVIkEl
7BkIE5lDdVIkEl
7BkIE5lDdVIkEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
考古学

This newer emphasis
o
n
a
rchaeology as social history has shown great promise and
indeed work done
i
n
t
his area has lead to
a
r
einterpretation of the United States past

14
14
14
14 annual
annual
annual
annual [
[
[
[
5AnjJEl
5AnjJEl
5AnjJEl
5AnjJEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
年
8
8
8
8 annually
annually
annually
annually [
[
[
[
5AnjJElI
5AnjJElI
5AnjJElI
5AnjJElI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
年

The cavemaking recipe calls for
a
s
teady emission of volcanic gas and heat
a
he
avy
annual snowfall at
a
n
e
levation high enough to keep
i
t
f
rom melting during the summer
and
a
bow
lshaped crater to hold the snow

14
14
14
14 Los
Los
Los
LosAngeles
Angeles
Angeles
Angeles n
n
n
n
洛杉矶

Approximately 800000 cars were registered
i
n
L
os Angeles County
i
n
1930 one pe
r
27 residents

14
14
14
14 aesthetic
aesthetic
aesthetic
aesthetic [
[
[
[
is5WetIk
is5WetIk
is5WetIk
is5WetIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
美学
4
4
4
4
aesthetically
aesthetically
aesthetically
aesthetically [
[
[
[
is5WetIklI
is5WetIklI
is5WetIklI
is5WetIklI
]
]
]
]
adv
adv
adv
adv
审美

Iron despite its structural advantages had little aesthetic status

14
14
14
14 acid
acid
acid
acid [
[
[
[
5AsId
5AsId
5AsId
5AsId
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
酸
adj
adj
adj
adj
酸
4
4
4
4 acidic
acidic
acidic
acidic [
[
[
[
E`sIdIk
E`sIdIk
E`sIdIk
E`sIdIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
酸性

It turns out that some fossils can be extracted from these sediments by putting the
rocks
i
n an
a
cid bath

14
14
14
14 account
account
account
account [
[
[
[
E5kaJnt
E5kaJnt
E5kaJnt
E5kaJnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
帐单




帐目
v

v
v
v





视
认

The quality of preservation is almost unmatched and quarry operations factors do not
account for the interesting question of how there came to be such
a
c
oncentration of
pregnant ichthyosaurs
i
n
a
pa
rticular place very close to their time of giving birth

13
13
13
13 unions
unions
unions
unions
（
union[
union[
union[
union[
5junjEn
5junjEn
5junjEn
5junjEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
联盟

Craft workers such as carpenters printers and tailors formed unions and
i
n
1834
i
ndividual unions came together
i
n
t
he National Trades＇ Union

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
13
13
13
13 unfortunately
unfortunately
unfortunately
unfortunately [
[
[
[
Qn5fCtjJnEtlI
Qn5fCtjJnEtlI
Qn5fCtjJnEtlI
Qn5fCtjJnEtlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
幸

Unfortunately the cost of water obtained through any of these schemes would
increase pumping costs at least tenfold making the cost of irrigated agricultural
products from the region uncompetitive
o
n
t
he national and international markets

13
13
13
13 ultimately
ultimately
ultimately
ultimately [
[
[
[
5QltImEtlI
5QltImEtlI
5QltImEtlI
5QltImEtlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv


Storage is important but ultimately that energy will be used for maintenance
reproduction or growth

13
13
13
13 trapped
trapped
trapped
trapped
（
trap[
trap[
trap[
trap[
trAp
trAp
trAp
trAp
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
陷阱阴谋
v

v
v
v
设
陷阱捕捉阻止

When the well reaches
a
pool

o
il
us
ually rises up the well because of its density
difference with water beneath
i
t
or be
cause of the pressure of expanding gas trapped
above it
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
58
58
58
58
13
13
13
13 s
treams
streams
streams
streams
（
stream[
stream[
stream[
stream[
strim
strim
strim
strim
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
溪
v

v
v
v
流




流
动
12
12
12
12 streamlining
streamlining
streamlining
streamlining
（
streamline[
streamline[
streamline[
streamline[
5strimlaIn
5strimlaIn
5strimlaIn
5strimlaIn
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

成流线型

Sediments that hold water were spread by glaciers and are still spread by rivers and
streams

13
13
13
13 subsequent
subsequent
subsequent
subsequent [
[
[
[
5sQbsIkwEnt
5sQbsIkwEnt
5sQbsIkwEnt
5sQbsIkwEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj


Subsequent reforms have made these notions seem quite outofdate

13
13
13
13 stoves
stoves
stoves
stoves
（
stove[
stove[
stove[
stove[
stEJv
stEJv
stEJv
stEJv
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
火炉

Stoves were fueled by gas and delivery services provided ice for refrigerators

13
13
13
13 severe
severe
severe
severe [
[
[
[
sI5vIE
sI5vIE
sI5vIE
sI5vIE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
严厉




剧烈
5
5
5
5 severely
severely
severely
severely [
[
[
[
sI5vIElI
sI5vIElI
sI5vIElI
sI5vIElI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
严格




激烈

These regions are especially likely to have periods of severe dryness so that crop
failures are common

13
13
13
13 schedules
schedules
schedules
schedules
（
schedule[
schedule[
schedule[
schedule[
5Fedjul 5skedVjJl
5Fedjul 5skedVjJl
5Fedjul 5skedVjJl
5Fedjul 5skedVjJl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
时间表计划

Factory life necessitated
a
m
ore regimented schedule where work began at the sound
of
a
be
ll and workers kept machines going at
a
c
onstant pace

13
13
13
13 satire
satire
satire
satire [
[
[
[
5sAtaIE
5sAtaIE
5sAtaIE
5sAtaIE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
讽刺

Satire tends to remind people that much of what they see hear and read
i
n
popul
ar
media is sanctimonious sentimental and only partially true

13
13
13
13 roof
roof
roof
roof [
[
[
[
ruf
ruf
ruf
ruf
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
屋顶

Anasazi houses were originally built
i
n
pi
ts and were entered from the roof

13
13
13
13 rejected
rejected
rejected
rejected
（
reject[
reject[
reject[
reject[
rI5dVekt
rI5dVekt
rI5dVekt
rI5dVekt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
拒
绝




抵制
3
3
3
3 rejection
rejection
rejection
rejection [
[
[
[
rI5dVekFEn
rI5dVekFEn
rI5dVekFEn
rI5dVekFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
拒绝

There may be
a
f
ault
i
n
t
he experiment or the theory may have to be revised or
rejected

13
13
13
13 progressively
progressively
progressively
progressively
[
[
[
[
prE5^resIvlI
prE5^resIvlI
prE5^resIvlI
prE5^resIvlI
]
]
]
]
adv
adv
adv
adv
前进

The cultivation of crops has expanded into progressively drier regions as population
densities have grown

13
13
13
13 portraits
portraits
portraits
portraits
（
portrait[
portrait[
portrait[
portrait[
5pCtrIt
5pCtrIt
5pCtrIt
5pCtrIt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
肖

What we today call America folk art was indeed art of
b
y
a
nd for ordinary everyday
folks who with increasing prosperity and leisure created
a
m
arket for art of
a
ll
ki
nds
and especially for portraits

13
13
13
13 piano
piano
piano
piano [
[
[
[
pI5BnEJ 5pjB
pI5BnEJ 5pjB
pI5BnEJ 5pjB
pI5BnEJ 5pjB
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
钢琴

The piano was perfected
i
n
t
he early eighteenth century by
a
ha
rpsichord maker
i
n
I
taly (though musicologists point out several previous instances of the instrument)

13
13
13
13 pace
pace
pace
pace [
[
[
[
peIs
peIs
peIs
peIs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
速度步调

Poorquality machinery slowed the pace of crop production

13
13
13
13 nevertheless
nevertheless
nevertheless
nevertheless [
[
[
[
7nevETE5les
7nevETE5les
7nevETE5les
7nevETE5les
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
然

Nevertheless most domestic architecture of the first threequarters of the eighteenth
century displays
a
w
ide divergence of taste and freedom of application of the rules laid
down
i
n
t
hese books

13
13
13
13 nervous
nervous
nervous
nervous [
[
[
[
5n＼vEs
5n＼vEs
5n＼vEs
5n＼vEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
神紧张神

Nevertheless the basic arrangements are similar
i
n
a
ll
v
ertebrates and the study of
lower animals gives insight into the form and structure of the nervous system of higher
animals

13
13
13
13 neolithic
neolithic
neolithic
neolithic [
[
[
[
niEJ5lIWIk
niEJ5lIWIk
niEJ5lIWIk
niEJ5lIWIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
新石器时代

Indeed agriculture itself evolved over the course of time and Neolithic peoples had
long known how to grow crops
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
58
58
58
58
13
13
13
13 s
treams
streams
streams
streams
（
stream[
stream[
stream[
stream[
strim
strim
strim
strim
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
溪
v

v
v
v
流




流
动
12
12
12
12 streamlining
streamlining
streamlining
streamlining
（
streamline[
streamline[
streamline[
streamline[
5strimlaIn
5strimlaIn
5strimlaIn
5strimlaIn
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

成流线型

Sediments that hold water were spread by glaciers and are still spread by rivers and
streams

13
13
13
13 subsequent
subsequent
subsequent
subsequent [
[
[
[
5sQbsIkwEnt
5sQbsIkwEnt
5sQbsIkwEnt
5sQbsIkwEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj


Subsequent reforms have made these notions seem quite outofdate

13
13
13
13 stoves
stoves
stoves
stoves
（
stove[
stove[
stove[
stove[
stEJv
stEJv
stEJv
stEJv
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
火炉

Stoves were fueled by gas and delivery services provided ice for refrigerators

13
13
13
13 severe
severe
severe
severe [
[
[
[
sI5vIE
sI5vIE
sI5vIE
sI5vIE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
严厉




剧烈
5
5
5
5 severely
severely
severely
severely [
[
[
[
sI5vIElI
sI5vIElI
sI5vIElI
sI5vIElI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
严格




激烈

These regions are especially likely to have periods of severe dryness so that crop
failures are common

13
13
13
13 schedules
schedules
schedules
schedules
（
schedule[
schedule[
schedule[
schedule[
5Fedjul 5skedVjJl
5Fedjul 5skedVjJl
5Fedjul 5skedVjJl
5Fedjul 5skedVjJl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
时间表计划

Factory life necessitated
a
m
ore regimented schedule where work began at the sound
of
a
be
ll and workers kept machines going at
a
c
onstant pace

13
13
13
13 satire
satire
satire
satire [
[
[
[
5sAtaIE
5sAtaIE
5sAtaIE
5sAtaIE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
讽刺

Satire tends to remind people that much of what they see hear and read
i
n
popul
ar
media is sanctimonious sentimental and only partially true

13
13
13
13 roof
roof
roof
roof [
[
[
[
ruf
ruf
ruf
ruf
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
屋顶

Anasazi houses were originally built
i
n
pi
ts and were entered from the roof

13
13
13
13 rejected
rejected
rejected
rejected
（
reject[
reject[
reject[
reject[
rI5dVekt
rI5dVekt
rI5dVekt
rI5dVekt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
拒
绝




抵制
3
3
3
3 rejection
rejection
rejection
rejection [
[
[
[
rI5dVekFEn
rI5dVekFEn
rI5dVekFEn
rI5dVekFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
拒绝

There may be
a
f
ault
i
n
t
he experiment or the theory may have to be revised or
rejected

13
13
13
13 progressively
progressively
progressively
progressively
[
[
[
[
prE5^resIvlI
prE5^resIvlI
prE5^resIvlI
prE5^resIvlI
]
]
]
]
adv
adv
adv
adv
前进

The cultivation of crops has expanded into progressively drier regions as population
densities have grown

13
13
13
13 portraits
portraits
portraits
portraits
（
portrait[
portrait[
portrait[
portrait[
5pCtrIt
5pCtrIt
5pCtrIt
5pCtrIt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
肖

What we today call America folk art was indeed art of
b
y
a
nd for ordinary everyday
folks who with increasing prosperity and leisure created
a
m
arket for art of
a
ll
ki
nds
and especially for portraits

13
13
13
13 piano
piano
piano
piano [
[
[
[
pI5BnEJ 5pjB
pI5BnEJ 5pjB
pI5BnEJ 5pjB
pI5BnEJ 5pjB
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
钢琴

The piano was perfected
i
n
t
he early eighteenth century by
a
ha
rpsichord maker
i
n
I
taly (though musicologists point out several previous instances of the instrument)

13
13
13
13 pace
pace
pace
pace [
[
[
[
peIs
peIs
peIs
peIs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
速度步调

Poorquality machinery slowed the pace of crop production

13
13
13
13 nevertheless
nevertheless
nevertheless
nevertheless [
[
[
[
7nevETE5les
7nevETE5les
7nevETE5les
7nevETE5les
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
然

Nevertheless most domestic architecture of the first threequarters of the eighteenth
century displays
a
w
ide divergence of taste and freedom of application of the rules laid
down
i
n
t
hese books

13
13
13
13 nervous
nervous
nervous
nervous [
[
[
[
5n＼vEs
5n＼vEs
5n＼vEs
5n＼vEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
神紧张神

Nevertheless the basic arrangements are similar
i
n
a
ll
v
ertebrates and the study of
lower animals gives insight into the form and structure of the nervous system of higher
animals

13
13
13
13 neolithic
neolithic
neolithic
neolithic [
[
[
[
niEJ5lIWIk
niEJ5lIWIk
niEJ5lIWIk
niEJ5lIWIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
新石器时代

Indeed agriculture itself evolved over the course of time and Neolithic peoples had
long known how to grow crops
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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Toefl
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Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
59
59
59
59
13
13
13
13 m
olt
molt
molt
molt [
[
[
[
mEJlt
mEJlt
mEJlt
mEJlt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
换毛换毛期
v

v
v
v
脱
毛

Molt of the flight feathers is the most highly organized part of the process

13
13
13
13 maria
maria
maria
maria [
[
[
[
m＼5raIE
m＼5raIE
m＼5raIE
m＼5raIE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
墨西哥街头乐队

This roughness is mostly caused by the abundance of craters the highlands are
completely covered by large craters( greater than 4050 km
i
n
di
ameter) while the
craters of the maria tend to be much smaller

13
13
13
13 leadership
leadership
leadership
leadership [
[
[
[
5lidEFIp
5lidEFIp
5lidEFIp
5lidEFIp
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
领导力

Expressive leadership
o
n
t
he other hand is leadership that emphasizes the collective
wellbeing of
a
s
ocial group
’
s
m
ember

13
13
13
13 height
height
height
height [
[
[
[
haIt
haIt
haIt
haIt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
高度
7
7
7
7 heightened
heightened
heightened
heightened
（
heighten[
heighten[
heighten[
heighten[
5haItn
5haItn
5haItn
5haItn
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
增
高




加强

The Paris Exhibition of 1889 included both the widest span and the greatest height
achieved so far with the Halle does Machines spanning 362 feet and the Eiffel Tower
1000 feet high

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
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13
13
13
13 gain
gain
gain
gain [
[
[
[
^eIn
^eIn
^eIn
^eIn
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v



Because
a
s
mall body has more surface area per unit of weight than
a
l
arge one of
similar shape
i
t
ga
ins or loses heat more swiftly

13
13
13
13 fuel
fuel
fuel
fuel [
[
[
[
fjJEl
fjJEl
fjJEl
fjJEl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
燃料
v

v
v
v
加
燃料

The main advantages of lowpressure engines were safe operation and economy of
fuel consumption neither of which meant much
i
n
t
he West

13
13
13
13 fluctuate
fluctuate
fluctuate
fluctuate [
[
[
[
5flQktjJeIt
5flQktjJeIt
5flQktjJeIt
5flQktjJeIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
变
动




动摇

Thus
i
n
t
he trees where shelter from heat and cold may be scarce and conditions may
fluctuate
a
s
mall mammal may have trouble maintaining its body temperature

13
13
13
13 flooded
flooded
flooded
flooded
（
flood[
flood[
flood[
flood[
flQd
flQd
flQd
flQd
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
洪水
v

v
v
v
淹
没

If at such
a
s
preading contact the two plates support continents
a
r
ift is formed that
will gradually widen and become flooded by the sea

13
13
13
13 fiction
fiction
fiction
fiction [
[
[
[
5fIkFEn
5fIkFEn
5fIkFEn
5fIkFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
说
5
5
5
5 fictional
fictional
fictional
fictional [
[
[
[
5fIkFEnEl
5fIkFEnEl
5fIkFEnEl
5fIkFEnEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
虚构

Thus fantasy or fiction (of which drama is one form) permits people to objectify their
anxieties and fears confront them and fulfill their hopes
i
n
f
iction if not fact

13
13
13
13 extra
extra
extra
extra [
[
[
[
5ekstrE
5ekstrE
5ekstrE
5ekstrE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
额外

They can glide past eddies that would slow them down and then gain extra thrust by
pushing off the eddies

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13
13
13
13 drain
drain
drain
drain [
[
[
[
dreIn
dreIn
dreIn
dreIn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
排水沟排水
v

v
v
v
排
水耗
6
6
6
6 drainage
drainage
drainage
drainage [
[
[
[
5dreInIdV
5dreInIdV
5dreInIdV
5dreInIdV
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
排水

Much of the water
i
n
a
s
ample of watersaturated sediment or rock will drain from
i
t
if
t
he sample is put
i
n
a
s
uitable dry place

13
13
13
13 creative
creative
creative
creative [
[
[
[
krI()5eItIv
krI()5eItIv
krI()5eItIv
krI()5eItIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
创造性

Even though early exhibitors shaped their film programs by mixing films and other
entertainments together
i
n
w
hicheve way they thought would be most attractive to
audiences or by accompanying them with lectures their creative control remained
limited

13
13
13
13 chain
chain
chain
chain [
[
[
[
tFeIn
tFeIn
tFeIn
tFeIn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
链
v

v
v
v
束
缚

Lower mountains tend to be older and are often the eroded relics of much higher
mountain chains

13
13
13
13 categories
categories
categories
categories
（
category[
category[
category[
category[
5kAtI^ErI
5kAtI^ErI
5kAtI^ErI
5kAtI^ErI
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
种类

General knowledge of categories of events such as
a
bi
rthday party or
a
v
isit to the
doctor＇s office helps older individuals encode their experiences but again infants and老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
59
59
59
59
13
13
13
13 m
olt
molt
molt
molt [
[
[
[
mEJlt
mEJlt
mEJlt
mEJlt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
换毛换毛期
v

v
v
v
脱
毛

Molt of the flight feathers is the most highly organized part of the process

13
13
13
13 maria
maria
maria
maria [
[
[
[
m＼5raIE
m＼5raIE
m＼5raIE
m＼5raIE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
墨西哥街头乐队

This roughness is mostly caused by the abundance of craters the highlands are
completely covered by large craters( greater than 4050 km
i
n
di
ameter) while the
craters of the maria tend to be much smaller

13
13
13
13 leadership
leadership
leadership
leadership [
[
[
[
5lidEFIp
5lidEFIp
5lidEFIp
5lidEFIp
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
领导力

Expressive leadership
o
n
t
he other hand is leadership that emphasizes the collective
wellbeing of
a
s
ocial group
’
s
m
ember

13
13
13
13 height
height
height
height [
[
[
[
haIt
haIt
haIt
haIt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
高度
7
7
7
7 heightened
heightened
heightened
heightened
（
heighten[
heighten[
heighten[
heighten[
5haItn
5haItn
5haItn
5haItn
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
增
高




加强

The Paris Exhibition of 1889 included both the widest span and the greatest height
achieved so far with the Halle does Machines spanning 362 feet and the Eiffel Tower
1000 feet high

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
13
13
13
13 gain
gain
gain
gain [
[
[
[
^eIn
^eIn
^eIn
^eIn
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v



Because
a
s
mall body has more surface area per unit of weight than
a
l
arge one of
similar shape
i
t
ga
ins or loses heat more swiftly

13
13
13
13 fuel
fuel
fuel
fuel [
[
[
[
fjJEl
fjJEl
fjJEl
fjJEl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
燃料
v

v
v
v
加
燃料

The main advantages of lowpressure engines were safe operation and economy of
fuel consumption neither of which meant much
i
n
t
he West

13
13
13
13 fluctuate
fluctuate
fluctuate
fluctuate [
[
[
[
5flQktjJeIt
5flQktjJeIt
5flQktjJeIt
5flQktjJeIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
变
动




动摇

Thus
i
n
t
he trees where shelter from heat and cold may be scarce and conditions may
fluctuate
a
s
mall mammal may have trouble maintaining its body temperature

13
13
13
13 flooded
flooded
flooded
flooded
（
flood[
flood[
flood[
flood[
flQd
flQd
flQd
flQd
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
洪水
v

v
v
v
淹
没

If at such
a
s
preading contact the two plates support continents
a
r
ift is formed that
will gradually widen and become flooded by the sea

13
13
13
13 fiction
fiction
fiction
fiction [
[
[
[
5fIkFEn
5fIkFEn
5fIkFEn
5fIkFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
说
5
5
5
5 fictional
fictional
fictional
fictional [
[
[
[
5fIkFEnEl
5fIkFEnEl
5fIkFEnEl
5fIkFEnEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
虚构

Thus fantasy or fiction (of which drama is one form) permits people to objectify their
anxieties and fears confront them and fulfill their hopes
i
n
f
iction if not fact

13
13
13
13 extra
extra
extra
extra [
[
[
[
5ekstrE
5ekstrE
5ekstrE
5ekstrE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
额外

They can glide past eddies that would slow them down and then gain extra thrust by
pushing off the eddies

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
13
13
13
13 drain
drain
drain
drain [
[
[
[
dreIn
dreIn
dreIn
dreIn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
排水沟排水
v

v
v
v
排
水耗
6
6
6
6 drainage
drainage
drainage
drainage [
[
[
[
5dreInIdV
5dreInIdV
5dreInIdV
5dreInIdV
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
排水

Much of the water
i
n
a
s
ample of watersaturated sediment or rock will drain from
i
t
if
t
he sample is put
i
n
a
s
uitable dry place

13
13
13
13 creative
creative
creative
creative [
[
[
[
krI()5eItIv
krI()5eItIv
krI()5eItIv
krI()5eItIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
创造性

Even though early exhibitors shaped their film programs by mixing films and other
entertainments together
i
n
w
hicheve way they thought would be most attractive to
audiences or by accompanying them with lectures their creative control remained
limited

13
13
13
13 chain
chain
chain
chain [
[
[
[
tFeIn
tFeIn
tFeIn
tFeIn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
链
v

v
v
v
束
缚

Lower mountains tend to be older and are often the eroded relics of much higher
mountain chains

13
13
13
13 categories
categories
categories
categories
（
category[
category[
category[
category[
5kAtI^ErI
5kAtI^ErI
5kAtI^ErI
5kAtI^ErI
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
种类

General knowledge of categories of events such as
a
bi
rthday party or
a
v
isit to the
doctor＇s office helps older individuals encode their experiences but again infants and老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
60
60
60
60
t
oddlers are unlikely to encode many experiences within such knowledge structures
．

13
13
13
13 at
tention
attention
attention
attention [
[
[
[
E5tenFEn
E5tenFEn
E5tenFEn
E5tenFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
注意

Perhaps the aspect of butterfly diversity that has received the most attention over the
past century is the striking difference
i
n
s
pecies richness between tropical and temperate
regions

13
13
13
13 arrangements
arrangements
arrangements
arrangements
（
arrangement[
arrangement[
arrangement[
arrangement[
E5reIndVmEnt
E5reIndVmEnt
E5reIndVmEnt
E5reIndVmEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
安排约定
5
5
5
5 arranged
arranged
arranged
arranged
（
arrang
arrang
arrang
arrange
e
e
e[
[
[
[
E5reIndV
E5reIndV
E5reIndV
E5reIndV
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
整
理




安排

Since the conductor seldom saw the films until the night before they were to be show
n
(
if indeed the conductor was lucky enough to see them then) the musical arrangement
was normally improvised
i
n
t
he greatest hurry

13
13
13
13 adjacent
adjacent
adjacent
adjacent [
[
[
[
E5dVeIsEnt
E5dVeIsEnt
E5dVeIsEnt
E5dVeIsEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
邻
n
n
n
n
邻

Water or steam may be pumped down adjacent wells to help push the
o
il
ou
t

13
13
13
13 access
access
access
access [
[
[
[
5Akses
5Akses
5Akses
5Akses
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
接通道
v

v
v
v
接

8
8
8
8 accessible
accessible
accessible
accessible [
[
[
[
Ek5sesEbl
Ek5sesEbl
Ek5sesEbl
Ek5sesEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
易接




进入
4
4
4
4 inaccessible
inaccessible
inaccessible
inaccessible [
[
[
[
7InAk5sesEbl
7InAk5sesEbl
7InAk5sesEbl
7InAk5sesEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
难接

Hearing the stories may lead preschoolers to encode aspects of events that allow them
to form memories they can access as adults
．

12
12
12
12 w
heat
wheat
wheat
wheat [
[
[
[
wit hw
wit hw
wit hw
wit hw
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
麦

Ogallala water has enabled the High Plains region to supply significant amounts of the
cotton sorghum wheat and corn grown
i
n
t
he United States

12
12
12
12 wagon
wagon
wagon
wagon [
[
[
[
5wA^En
5wA^En
5wA^En
5wA^En
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
四轮马车

In some industrial regions heavily laden wagons

with flanged wheels

were being
hauled by horses along metal rails and the stationary steam engine was puffing
i
n
t
he
factory and mine
．

12
12
12
12 voyage
s
voyages
voyages
voyages
（
voyage[
voyage[
voyage[
voyage[
5vCIIdV
5vCIIdV
5vCIIdV
5vCIIdV
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
航行
v

v
v
v
航
海飞
9
9
9
9 voyager
voyager
voyager
voyager [
[
[
[
`vRIIdVE(r)
`vRIIdVE(r)
`vRIIdVE(r)
`vRIIdVE(r)
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
航行者

T
oday
l
argely
o
n
t
he strength of evidence gathered during the Glomar Challenger＇s
voyages nearly
a
ll
e
arth scientists agree
o
n
t
he theories of plate tectonics and
continental drift that explain many of the geological processes that shape the Earth

12
12
12
12 transition
transition
transition
transition [
[
[
[
trAn5zIVEn 5sIFEn
trAn5zIVEn 5sIFEn
trAn5zIVEn 5sIFEn
trAn5zIVEn 5sIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
转变
5
5
5
5 transit
transit
transit
transit [
[
[
[
5trAnsIt
5trAnsIt
5trAnsIt
5trAnsIt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
运输




运送

The transition from forest to treeless tundra
o
n
a
m
ountain slope is often
a
dr
amatic
one

12
12
12
12 tracts
tracts
tracts
tracts
（
tract[
tract[
tract[
tract[
trAkt
trAkt
trAkt
trAkt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
道

This economic reliance
o
n
l
ivestock
i
n
c
ertain regions makes large tracts of land
susceptible to overgrazing

12
12
12
12 thrive
thrive
thrive
thrive [
[
[
[
WraIv
WraIv
WraIv
WraIv
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
繁
荣兴旺

They thrive
i
n
a
w
ide variety of environments

12
12
12
12 squeeze
squeeze
squeeze
squeeze [
[
[
[
skwiz
skwiz
skwiz
skwiz
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
榨
取
n
n
n
n
榨压榨

Usually the creatures are cucumber shaped hence their name and because they are
typically rock inhabitants this shape combined with flexibility enables them to
squeeze into crevices where they are safe from predators and ocean currents

12
12
12
12 schemes
schemes
schemes
schemes
（
scheme[
scheme[
scheme[
scheme[
skim
skim
skim
skim
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
方案




体制
v

v
v
v
计
划策划

Coding schemes were developed to enable researchers to compare the detailed facial
positions of individual portions of the face (eyebrows mouth etc) for different
emotions

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
12
12
12
12 revised
revised
revised
revised
（
revise[
revise[
revise[
revise[
rI5vaIz
rI5vaIz
rI5vaIz
rI5vaIz
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
修
订修改

Mass transportation revised the social and economic fabric of the American city
i
n
t
hree fundamental ways
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
60
60
60
60
t
oddlers are unlikely to encode many experiences within such knowledge structures
．

13
13
13
13 at
tention
attention
attention
attention [
[
[
[
E5tenFEn
E5tenFEn
E5tenFEn
E5tenFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
注意

Perhaps the aspect of butterfly diversity that has received the most attention over the
past century is the striking difference
i
n
s
pecies richness between tropical and temperate
regions

13
13
13
13 arrangements
arrangements
arrangements
arrangements
（
arrangement[
arrangement[
arrangement[
arrangement[
E5reIndVmEnt
E5reIndVmEnt
E5reIndVmEnt
E5reIndVmEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
安排约定
5
5
5
5 arranged
arranged
arranged
arranged
（
arrang
arrang
arrang
arrange
e
e
e[
[
[
[
E5reIndV
E5reIndV
E5reIndV
E5reIndV
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
整
理




安排

Since the conductor seldom saw the films until the night before they were to be show
n
(
if indeed the conductor was lucky enough to see them then) the musical arrangement
was normally improvised
i
n
t
he greatest hurry

13
13
13
13 adjacent
adjacent
adjacent
adjacent [
[
[
[
E5dVeIsEnt
E5dVeIsEnt
E5dVeIsEnt
E5dVeIsEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
邻
n
n
n
n
邻

Water or steam may be pumped down adjacent wells to help push the
o
il
ou
t

13
13
13
13 access
access
access
access [
[
[
[
5Akses
5Akses
5Akses
5Akses
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
接通道
v

v
v
v
接

8
8
8
8 accessible
accessible
accessible
accessible [
[
[
[
Ek5sesEbl
Ek5sesEbl
Ek5sesEbl
Ek5sesEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
易接




进入
4
4
4
4 inaccessible
inaccessible
inaccessible
inaccessible [
[
[
[
7InAk5sesEbl
7InAk5sesEbl
7InAk5sesEbl
7InAk5sesEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
难接

Hearing the stories may lead preschoolers to encode aspects of events that allow them
to form memories they can access as adults
．

12
12
12
12 w
heat
wheat
wheat
wheat [
[
[
[
wit hw
wit hw
wit hw
wit hw
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
麦

Ogallala water has enabled the High Plains region to supply significant amounts of the
cotton sorghum wheat and corn grown
i
n
t
he United States

12
12
12
12 wagon
wagon
wagon
wagon [
[
[
[
5wA^En
5wA^En
5wA^En
5wA^En
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
四轮马车

In some industrial regions heavily laden wagons

with flanged wheels

were being
hauled by horses along metal rails and the stationary steam engine was puffing
i
n
t
he
factory and mine
．

12
12
12
12 voyage
s
voyages
voyages
voyages
（
voyage[
voyage[
voyage[
voyage[
5vCIIdV
5vCIIdV
5vCIIdV
5vCIIdV
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
航行
v

v
v
v
航
海飞
9
9
9
9 voyager
voyager
voyager
voyager [
[
[
[
`vRIIdVE(r)
`vRIIdVE(r)
`vRIIdVE(r)
`vRIIdVE(r)
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
航行者

T
oday
l
argely
o
n
t
he strength of evidence gathered during the Glomar Challenger＇s
voyages nearly
a
ll
e
arth scientists agree
o
n
t
he theories of plate tectonics and
continental drift that explain many of the geological processes that shape the Earth

12
12
12
12 transition
transition
transition
transition [
[
[
[
trAn5zIVEn 5sIFEn
trAn5zIVEn 5sIFEn
trAn5zIVEn 5sIFEn
trAn5zIVEn 5sIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
转变
5
5
5
5 transit
transit
transit
transit [
[
[
[
5trAnsIt
5trAnsIt
5trAnsIt
5trAnsIt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
运输




运送

The transition from forest to treeless tundra
o
n
a
m
ountain slope is often
a
dr
amatic
one

12
12
12
12 tracts
tracts
tracts
tracts
（
tract[
tract[
tract[
tract[
trAkt
trAkt
trAkt
trAkt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
道

This economic reliance
o
n
l
ivestock
i
n
c
ertain regions makes large tracts of land
susceptible to overgrazing

12
12
12
12 thrive
thrive
thrive
thrive [
[
[
[
WraIv
WraIv
WraIv
WraIv
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
繁
荣兴旺

They thrive
i
n
a
w
ide variety of environments

12
12
12
12 squeeze
squeeze
squeeze
squeeze [
[
[
[
skwiz
skwiz
skwiz
skwiz
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
榨
取
n
n
n
n
榨压榨

Usually the creatures are cucumber shaped hence their name and because they are
typically rock inhabitants this shape combined with flexibility enables them to
squeeze into crevices where they are safe from predators and ocean currents

12
12
12
12 schemes
schemes
schemes
schemes
（
scheme[
scheme[
scheme[
scheme[
skim
skim
skim
skim
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
方案




体制
v

v
v
v
计
划策划

Coding schemes were developed to enable researchers to compare the detailed facial
positions of individual portions of the face (eyebrows mouth etc) for different
emotions

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
12
12
12
12 revised
revised
revised
revised
（
revise[
revise[
revise[
revise[
rI5vaIz
rI5vaIz
rI5vaIz
rI5vaIz
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
修
订修改

Mass transportation revised the social and economic fabric of the American city
i
n
t
hree fundamental ways
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
61
61
61
61
12
12
12
12 r
espect
respect
respect
respect [
[
[
[
rIs5pekt
rIs5pekt
rIs5pekt
rIs5pekt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
尊
敬




敬重
n
n
n
n
敬重




尊敬

Journeymen knew that if they perfected their skill they could become respected
master artisans with their own shops

12
12
12
12 repress
repress
repress
repress [
[
[
[
rI5pres
rI5pres
rI5pres
rI5pres
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
压
制抑制

Repressing aggressive impulses can result
i
n
a
ggressive behavior

12
12
12
12 pterosaurs
pterosaurs
pterosaurs
pterosaurs
（
pterosaur
pterosaur
pterosaur
pterosaur
）
n
n
n
n
翼龙

Like the dinosaurs some the pterosaurs became gigantic the largest fossil discovered
is of
a
n
i
ndividual that had
a
w
ingspan of 50 feet or more larger than many airplanes

12
12
12
12 positive
positive
positive
positive [
[
[
[
5pDzEtIv
5pDzEtIv
5pDzEtIv
5pDzEtIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
肯定




绝




积极
n
n
n
n
正数正面

The Whigs
i
n
c
ontrast viewed government power positively

12
12
12
12 popularity
popularity
popularity
popularity [
[
[
[
7pDpjJ5lArItI
7pDpjJ5lArItI
7pDpjJ5lArItI
7pDpjJ5lArItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
名声




流行

In 1839 the daguerreotype was introduced to America ushering
i
n
t
he age of
photography and within
a
ge
neration the new invention put
a
n
e
nd to the popularity of
painted portraits

12
12
12
12 moderate
moderate
moderate
moderate [
[
[
[
5mDdErIt
5mDdErIt
5mDdErIt
5mDdErIt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
适度
v

v
v
v

缓




稳定

W
ith
a
m
oderate to fairly high net energy yield these systems emit no heattrapping
carbon dioxide or other air pollutants and need no water for cooling manufacturing
them produces little water pollution

12
12
12
12 mississippians
mississippians
mississippians
mississippians n
n
n
n
密西西州密西西河

Like their Hopewell predecessors the Mississippians became highly skilled at
growing food although
o
n
a
gr
ander scale

12
12
12
12 mill
mill
mill
mill [
[
[
[
mIl
mIl
mIl
mIl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
磨坊

His machinery lifted the grain to the top of the mill cleaned
i
t
a
s
i
t
f
ell into container
s
know
n as hoppers ground the grain into flour and then conveyed the flour back to the
top of the mill to allow
i
t
t
o cool as
i
t
de
sended into barrels

12
12
12
12 nerve
nerve
nerve
nerve [
[
[
[
n＼v
n＼v
n＼v
n＼v
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
神忧虑

Even
i
n
i
ts most primitive form this cord and its attached nerves are the result of
evolutionary specialization and their further evolution from lower to higher vertebrate
classes is
a
pr
ocess that is far from fully understood

12
12
12
12 journeymen
journeymen
journeymen
journeymen n
n
n
n
熟练工

As master craft workers they imparted the knowledge of their trades to apprentices
and journeymen

12
12
12
12 jets
jets
jets
jets
（
jet[
jet[
jet[
jet[
dVet
dVet
dVet
dVet
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
发动机喷射器

W
ith
t
he advent of highresolution radio interferometers during the late 1970＇s part of
the answer became clear the electrons are produced
i
n
j
ets that are shot out
i
n
oppos
ite
directions from the center of galaxy

12
12
12
12 handle
handle
handle
handle [
[
[
[
5hAndl
5hAndl
5hAndl
5hAndl
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
解
决
n
n
n
n
手

The government postal service lost volume to private competition and was not able to
handle efficiently even the business
i
t
ha
d

12
12
12
12 inspired
inspired
inspired
inspired
（
inspire[
inspire[
inspire[
inspire[
In5spaIE
In5spaIE
In5spaIE
In5spaIE
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
启
示激发
10
10
10
10 inspiration
inspiration
inspiration
inspiration [
[
[
[
7InspE5reIFEn
7InspE5reIFEn
7InspE5reIFEn
7InspE5reIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
灵感妙计

The findings of these geologists inspired others to examine the rock and fossil record
s
i
n
di
fferent parts of the world
．

12
12
12
12 h
atching
hatching
hatching
hatching
（
hatch[
hatch[
hatch[
hatch[
hAtF
hAtF
hAtF
hAtF
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
孵化
v

v
v
v
孵
化

This temperature gradient may be vital to successful hatching

12
12
12
12 gulf
gulf
gulf
gulf [
[
[
[
^Qlf
^Qlf
^Qlf
^Qlf
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
海湾深渊

About 20 similar glaciers around the Gulf of Alaska are heading toward the sea
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
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红
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7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
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词汇红宝书
61
61
61
61
12
12
12
12 r
espect
respect
respect
respect [
[
[
[
rIs5pekt
rIs5pekt
rIs5pekt
rIs5pekt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
尊
敬




敬重
n
n
n
n
敬重




尊敬

Journeymen knew that if they perfected their skill they could become respected
master artisans with their own shops

12
12
12
12 repress
repress
repress
repress [
[
[
[
rI5pres
rI5pres
rI5pres
rI5pres
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
压
制抑制

Repressing aggressive impulses can result
i
n
a
ggressive behavior

12
12
12
12 pterosaurs
pterosaurs
pterosaurs
pterosaurs
（
pterosaur
pterosaur
pterosaur
pterosaur
）
n
n
n
n
翼龙

Like the dinosaurs some the pterosaurs became gigantic the largest fossil discovered
is of
a
n
i
ndividual that had
a
w
ingspan of 50 feet or more larger than many airplanes

12
12
12
12 positive
positive
positive
positive [
[
[
[
5pDzEtIv
5pDzEtIv
5pDzEtIv
5pDzEtIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
肯定




绝




积极
n
n
n
n
正数正面

The Whigs
i
n
c
ontrast viewed government power positively

12
12
12
12 popularity
popularity
popularity
popularity [
[
[
[
7pDpjJ5lArItI
7pDpjJ5lArItI
7pDpjJ5lArItI
7pDpjJ5lArItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
名声




流行

In 1839 the daguerreotype was introduced to America ushering
i
n
t
he age of
photography and within
a
ge
neration the new invention put
a
n
e
nd to the popularity of
painted portraits

12
12
12
12 moderate
moderate
moderate
moderate [
[
[
[
5mDdErIt
5mDdErIt
5mDdErIt
5mDdErIt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
适度
v

v
v
v

缓




稳定

W
ith
a
m
oderate to fairly high net energy yield these systems emit no heattrapping
carbon dioxide or other air pollutants and need no water for cooling manufacturing
them produces little water pollution

12
12
12
12 mississippians
mississippians
mississippians
mississippians n
n
n
n
密西西州密西西河

Like their Hopewell predecessors the Mississippians became highly skilled at
growing food although
o
n
a
gr
ander scale

12
12
12
12 mill
mill
mill
mill [
[
[
[
mIl
mIl
mIl
mIl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
磨坊

His machinery lifted the grain to the top of the mill cleaned
i
t
a
s
i
t
f
ell into container
s
know
n as hoppers ground the grain into flour and then conveyed the flour back to the
top of the mill to allow
i
t
t
o cool as
i
t
de
sended into barrels

12
12
12
12 nerve
nerve
nerve
nerve [
[
[
[
n＼v
n＼v
n＼v
n＼v
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
神忧虑

Even
i
n
i
ts most primitive form this cord and its attached nerves are the result of
evolutionary specialization and their further evolution from lower to higher vertebrate
classes is
a
pr
ocess that is far from fully understood

12
12
12
12 journeymen
journeymen
journeymen
journeymen n
n
n
n
熟练工

As master craft workers they imparted the knowledge of their trades to apprentices
and journeymen

12
12
12
12 jets
jets
jets
jets
（
jet[
jet[
jet[
jet[
dVet
dVet
dVet
dVet
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
发动机喷射器

W
ith
t
he advent of highresolution radio interferometers during the late 1970＇s part of
the answer became clear the electrons are produced
i
n
j
ets that are shot out
i
n
oppos
ite
directions from the center of galaxy

12
12
12
12 handle
handle
handle
handle [
[
[
[
5hAndl
5hAndl
5hAndl
5hAndl
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
解
决
n
n
n
n
手

The government postal service lost volume to private competition and was not able to
handle efficiently even the business
i
t
ha
d

12
12
12
12 inspired
inspired
inspired
inspired
（
inspire[
inspire[
inspire[
inspire[
In5spaIE
In5spaIE
In5spaIE
In5spaIE
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
启
示激发
10
10
10
10 inspiration
inspiration
inspiration
inspiration [
[
[
[
7InspE5reIFEn
7InspE5reIFEn
7InspE5reIFEn
7InspE5reIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
灵感妙计

The findings of these geologists inspired others to examine the rock and fossil record
s
i
n
di
fferent parts of the world
．

12
12
12
12 h
atching
hatching
hatching
hatching
（
hatch[
hatch[
hatch[
hatch[
hAtF
hAtF
hAtF
hAtF
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
孵化
v

v
v
v
孵
化

This temperature gradient may be vital to successful hatching

12
12
12
12 gulf
gulf
gulf
gulf [
[
[
[
^Qlf
^Qlf
^Qlf
^Qlf
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
海湾深渊

About 20 similar glaciers around the Gulf of Alaska are heading toward the sea
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
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62
62
62
62
12
12
12
12 f
urthermore
furthermore
furthermore
furthermore [
[
[
[
f＼TE5mC(r)
f＼TE5mC(r)
f＼TE5mC(r)
f＼TE5mC(r)
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
外

Furthermore music changed so rapidly during this century and
a
ha
lfthough at
different rates
i
n
di
fferent countriesthat we cannot define
a
s
ingle Renaissance style

12
12
12
12 flat
flat
flat
flat [
[
[
[
flAt
flAt
flAt
flAt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
面浅滩沼
adj
adj
adj
adj





坦

They select
a
l
arge flat stone as
a
n
a
nvil
(
a
he
avy block
o
n
w
hich to place the nuts) and
a
s
maller stone as
a
ha
mmer

12
12
12
12 excavate
excavate
excavate
excavate [
[
[
[
5ekskEveIt
5ekskEveIt
5ekskEveIt
5ekskEveIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
挖
掘

So do the naturalistic paintings
o
n
s
labs of stone excavated
i
n
s
outhern Africa

12
12
12
12 enlarged
enlarged
enlarged
enlarged
（
enlarge[
enlarge[
enlarge[
enlarge[
In5lBdV
In5lBdV
In5lBdV
In5lBdV
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
扩


During his administration he immeasurably enlarged the power of the presidency

12
12
12
12 engraving
engraving
engraving
engraving
（
engrave[
engrave[
engrave[
engrave[
In5^reIv
In5^reIv
In5^reIv
In5^reIv
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
雕
刻

The anthropologist Alexander Marshack has
a
n
i
nteresting interpretation of some of
the engravings made during the Upper Paleolithic

12
12
12
12 dutch
dutch
dutch
dutch [
[
[
[
5dQtF
5dQtF
5dQtF
5dQtF
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
荷兰

In Kingston New York for example evidence has been uncovered that indicates that
English goods were being smuggled into that city at
a
t
ime when the Dutch supposedly
controlled trading
i
n
t
he area

12
12
12
12 distant
distant
distant
distant [
[
[
[
5dIstEnt
5dIstEnt
5dIstEnt
5dIstEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
远

By opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion the omnibuses
horse railways commuter trains and electric trolleys pulled settled regions outward
two to four times more distant from city centers than they were
i
n
t
he premodern era

12
12
12
12 debris
debris
debris
debris [
[
[
[
5debri 5deIb
5debri 5deIb
5debri 5deIb
5debri 5deIb
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
碎片残骸

These springs are the sources of streams and rivers which cut through the rocks and
carry away debris from the mountains to the lowlands

12
12
12
12 crude
crude
crude
crude [
[
[
[
krud
krud
krud
krud
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
天然




粗糙

At
a
r
efinery the crude
o
il
f
rom underground is separated into natural gas gasoline
kerosene and various oils

12
12
12
12 controls
controls
controls
controls
（
control[
control[
control[
control[
kEn5trol
kEn5trol
kEn5trol
kEn5trol
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
控制实验（组）
v

v
v
v
控
制




理

In 1943 the federal government imposed rent controls to help solve the problem of
housing shortages during wartime

12
12
12
12 confirmed
confirmed
confirmed
confirmed
（
confirm[
confirm[
confirm[
confirm[
kEn5f＼m
kEn5f＼m
kEn5f＼m
kEn5f＼m
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
确
定

When hypotheses are confirmed they are incorporated into theories

12
12
12
12 cones
cones
cones
cones
（
cone[
cone[
cone[
cone[
kEJn
kEJn
kEJn
kEJn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
圆锥体




球果

During long dormant intervals glaciers gain the upper hand cutting deeply into
volcanic cones and eventually reducing them to rubble

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12
12
12
12 cognitive
cognitive
cognitive
cognitive [
[
[
[
5kD^nItIv
5kD^nItIv
5kD^nItIv
5kD^nItIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
认知

One cognitive theory suggests that aggravating and painful events trigger unpleasant
feelings

12
12
12
12 clues
clues
clues
clues
（
clue[
clue[
clue[
clue[
klu
klu
klu
klu
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
线索




提示

This 700millionyearold formation gives few clues to the origins of modern animals
however because paleontologists believe
i
t
r
epresents
a
n
e
volutionary experiment that
failed

12
12
12
12 classified
classified
classified
classified
（
classify[
classify[
classify[
classify[
5klAsIfaI
5klAsIfaI
5klAsIfaI
5klAsIfaI
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
分
类

Because their seeds grow
i
n
pl
aces where competing plants are no longer present
dandelions are classified as opportunists

12
12
12
12 catastrophe
catastrophe
catastrophe
catastrophe [
[
[
[
kE5tAstrEfI
kE5tAstrEfI
kE5tAstrEfI
kE5tAstrEfI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
灾难老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
62
62
62
62
12
12
12
12 f
urthermore
furthermore
furthermore
furthermore [
[
[
[
f＼TE5mC(r)
f＼TE5mC(r)
f＼TE5mC(r)
f＼TE5mC(r)
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
外

Furthermore music changed so rapidly during this century and
a
ha
lfthough at
different rates
i
n
di
fferent countriesthat we cannot define
a
s
ingle Renaissance style

12
12
12
12 flat
flat
flat
flat [
[
[
[
flAt
flAt
flAt
flAt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
面浅滩沼
adj
adj
adj
adj





坦

They select
a
l
arge flat stone as
a
n
a
nvil
(
a
he
avy block
o
n
w
hich to place the nuts) and
a
s
maller stone as
a
ha
mmer

12
12
12
12 excavate
excavate
excavate
excavate [
[
[
[
5ekskEveIt
5ekskEveIt
5ekskEveIt
5ekskEveIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
挖
掘

So do the naturalistic paintings
o
n
s
labs of stone excavated
i
n
s
outhern Africa

12
12
12
12 enlarged
enlarged
enlarged
enlarged
（
enlarge[
enlarge[
enlarge[
enlarge[
In5lBdV
In5lBdV
In5lBdV
In5lBdV
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
扩


During his administration he immeasurably enlarged the power of the presidency

12
12
12
12 engraving
engraving
engraving
engraving
（
engrave[
engrave[
engrave[
engrave[
In5^reIv
In5^reIv
In5^reIv
In5^reIv
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
雕
刻

The anthropologist Alexander Marshack has
a
n
i
nteresting interpretation of some of
the engravings made during the Upper Paleolithic

12
12
12
12 dutch
dutch
dutch
dutch [
[
[
[
5dQtF
5dQtF
5dQtF
5dQtF
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
荷兰

In Kingston New York for example evidence has been uncovered that indicates that
English goods were being smuggled into that city at
a
t
ime when the Dutch supposedly
controlled trading
i
n
t
he area

12
12
12
12 distant
distant
distant
distant [
[
[
[
5dIstEnt
5dIstEnt
5dIstEnt
5dIstEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
远

By opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion the omnibuses
horse railways commuter trains and electric trolleys pulled settled regions outward
two to four times more distant from city centers than they were
i
n
t
he premodern era

12
12
12
12 debris
debris
debris
debris [
[
[
[
5debri 5deIb
5debri 5deIb
5debri 5deIb
5debri 5deIb
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
碎片残骸

These springs are the sources of streams and rivers which cut through the rocks and
carry away debris from the mountains to the lowlands

12
12
12
12 crude
crude
crude
crude [
[
[
[
krud
krud
krud
krud
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
天然




粗糙

At
a
r
efinery the crude
o
il
f
rom underground is separated into natural gas gasoline
kerosene and various oils

12
12
12
12 controls
controls
controls
controls
（
control[
control[
control[
control[
kEn5trol
kEn5trol
kEn5trol
kEn5trol
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
控制实验（组）
v

v
v
v
控
制




理

In 1943 the federal government imposed rent controls to help solve the problem of
housing shortages during wartime

12
12
12
12 confirmed
confirmed
confirmed
confirmed
（
confirm[
confirm[
confirm[
confirm[
kEn5f＼m
kEn5f＼m
kEn5f＼m
kEn5f＼m
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
确
定

When hypotheses are confirmed they are incorporated into theories

12
12
12
12 cones
cones
cones
cones
（
cone[
cone[
cone[
cone[
kEJn
kEJn
kEJn
kEJn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
圆锥体




球果

During long dormant intervals glaciers gain the upper hand cutting deeply into
volcanic cones and eventually reducing them to rubble

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
12
12
12
12 cognitive
cognitive
cognitive
cognitive [
[
[
[
5kD^nItIv
5kD^nItIv
5kD^nItIv
5kD^nItIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
认知

One cognitive theory suggests that aggravating and painful events trigger unpleasant
feelings

12
12
12
12 clues
clues
clues
clues
（
clue[
clue[
clue[
clue[
klu
klu
klu
klu
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
线索




提示

This 700millionyearold formation gives few clues to the origins of modern animals
however because paleontologists believe
i
t
r
epresents
a
n
e
volutionary experiment that
failed

12
12
12
12 classified
classified
classified
classified
（
classify[
classify[
classify[
classify[
5klAsIfaI
5klAsIfaI
5klAsIfaI
5klAsIfaI
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
分
类

Because their seeds grow
i
n
pl
aces where competing plants are no longer present
dandelions are classified as opportunists

12
12
12
12 catastrophe
catastrophe
catastrophe
catastrophe [
[
[
[
kE5tAstrEfI
kE5tAstrEfI
kE5tAstrEfI
kE5tAstrEfI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
灾难老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
63
63
63
63

I
f
a
n
i
mpact is large enough
i
t
c
an disturb the environment of the entire Earth and
cause
a
n
e
cological catastrophe

12
12
12
12 borders
borders
borders
borders
（
border[
border[
border[
border[
5bCdE
5bCdE
5bCdE
5bCdE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
边缘
v

v
v
v
接
毗邻

Most important perhaps was that they had
a
ll
m
aintained with
a
c
ertain fidelity
a
m
anner of technique and composition consistent with those of America＇s first popular
landscape artist Thomas Cole who built
a
c
areer painting the Catskill Mountain
scenery bordering the Hudson River

12
12
12
12 barriers
barriers
barriers
barriers
（
barrier[
barrier[
barrier[
barrier[
5bArIE
5bArIE
5bArIE
5bArIE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
栅栏

The Wilmington field near Long Beach California has subsided nine meters
i
n
50
y
ears protective barriers have had to be built to prevent seawater from flooding the
area

12
12
12
12 bare
bare
bare
bare [
[
[
[
beE
beE
beE
beE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
赤裸极少

The paintings rest
o
n
ba
re walls with no backdrops or environmental trappings

12
12
12
12 awards
awards
awards
awards
（
award[
award[
award[
award[
E5wCd
E5wCd
E5wCd
E5wCd
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
奖品奖学金
v

v
v
v
赏


Annual cash awards are given to deserving artists
i
n
v
arious categories of creativity
architecture musical composition theater novels serious poetry light verse painting
sculpture

12
12
12
12 assemble
assemble
assemble
assemble [
[
[
[
E5sembl
E5sembl
E5sembl
E5sembl
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
集
合




装配

Plant communities assemble themselves flexibly and their particular structure
depends
o
n
t
he specific history of the area

12
12
12
12 armat
armat
armat
armat n
n
n
n
盔甲

When this widespread use of projection technology began to hurt his Kinetoscope
business Edison acquired
a
pr
ojector developed by Armat and introduced
i
t
a
s
Edison＇s latest marvel the Vitascope

12
12
12
12 antarctica
antarctica
antarctica
antarctica [
[
[
[
Ant5BktIkE
Ant5BktIkE
Ant5BktIkE
Ant5BktIkE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
南极洲

Some of the meteorites that have landed
i
n
A
ntarctica are believed to have conic from
the Moon and even as far away as Mars when large impacts blasted out chunks of
material and hurled them toward Earth

12
12
12
12 alternative
alternative
alternative
alternative [
[
[
[
Cl5t＼nEtIv
Cl5t＼nEtIv
Cl5t＼nEtIv
Cl5t＼nEtIv
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
选择二择供选择东西
adj
adj
adj
adj
两者择
代
12
12
12
12 altering
altering
altering
altering
（
alter[
alter[
alter[
alter[
5CltE
5CltE
5CltE
5CltE
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
改
变

Farmers could get better prices for their crops if the alternative existed of sending
them directly eastward to market and merchants could sell larger quantities of their
manufactured goods if these could be transported more directly and more economically
to the west

12
12
12
12 absence
absence
absence
absence of
of
of
of
缺乏

Speculation
o
n
t
he origin of these Pacific islanders began as soon as outsiders
encountered them
i
n
t
he absence of solid linguistic archaeological and biological data
many fanciful and mutually exclusive theories were devised

12
12
12
12 abandoned
abandoned
abandoned
abandoned
（
abandon[
abandon[
abandon[
abandon[
E5bAndEn
E5bAndEn
E5bAndEn
E5bAndEn
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
放
弃

Legend has
i
t
t
hat sometime toward the end of the Civil War (18611865)
a
gov
ernment train carrying oxen traveling through the northern plains of eastern
Wyoming was caught
i
n
a
s
nowstorm and had to be abandoned

11
11
11
11 wherever
wherever
wherever
wherever [
[
[
[
(h)weEr5evE
(h)weEr5evE
(h)weEr5evE
(h)weEr5evE
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
里

Wherever men appear they are crudely drawn and their bodies are elongated and
rigid

11
11
11
11 whatever
whatever
whatever
whatever [
[
[
[
wDt5evE hw
wDt5evE hw
wDt5evE hw
wDt5evE hw
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
样

This opinion holds that the pictures and whatever ceremony they accompanied were
a
n
a
ncient method of psychologically motivating hunters
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
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英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
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：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
63
63
63
63

I
f
a
n
i
mpact is large enough
i
t
c
an disturb the environment of the entire Earth and
cause
a
n
e
cological catastrophe

12
12
12
12 borders
borders
borders
borders
（
border[
border[
border[
border[
5bCdE
5bCdE
5bCdE
5bCdE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
边缘
v

v
v
v
接
毗邻

Most important perhaps was that they had
a
ll
m
aintained with
a
c
ertain fidelity
a
m
anner of technique and composition consistent with those of America＇s first popular
landscape artist Thomas Cole who built
a
c
areer painting the Catskill Mountain
scenery bordering the Hudson River

12
12
12
12 barriers
barriers
barriers
barriers
（
barrier[
barrier[
barrier[
barrier[
5bArIE
5bArIE
5bArIE
5bArIE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
栅栏

The Wilmington field near Long Beach California has subsided nine meters
i
n
50
y
ears protective barriers have had to be built to prevent seawater from flooding the
area

12
12
12
12 bare
bare
bare
bare [
[
[
[
beE
beE
beE
beE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
赤裸极少

The paintings rest
o
n
ba
re walls with no backdrops or environmental trappings

12
12
12
12 awards
awards
awards
awards
（
award[
award[
award[
award[
E5wCd
E5wCd
E5wCd
E5wCd
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
奖品奖学金
v

v
v
v
赏


Annual cash awards are given to deserving artists
i
n
v
arious categories of creativity
architecture musical composition theater novels serious poetry light verse painting
sculpture

12
12
12
12 assemble
assemble
assemble
assemble [
[
[
[
E5sembl
E5sembl
E5sembl
E5sembl
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
集
合




装配

Plant communities assemble themselves flexibly and their particular structure
depends
o
n
t
he specific history of the area

12
12
12
12 armat
armat
armat
armat n
n
n
n
盔甲

When this widespread use of projection technology began to hurt his Kinetoscope
business Edison acquired
a
pr
ojector developed by Armat and introduced
i
t
a
s
Edison＇s latest marvel the Vitascope

12
12
12
12 antarctica
antarctica
antarctica
antarctica [
[
[
[
Ant5BktIkE
Ant5BktIkE
Ant5BktIkE
Ant5BktIkE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
南极洲

Some of the meteorites that have landed
i
n
A
ntarctica are believed to have conic from
the Moon and even as far away as Mars when large impacts blasted out chunks of
material and hurled them toward Earth

12
12
12
12 alternative
alternative
alternative
alternative [
[
[
[
Cl5t＼nEtIv
Cl5t＼nEtIv
Cl5t＼nEtIv
Cl5t＼nEtIv
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
选择二择供选择东西
adj
adj
adj
adj
两者择
代
12
12
12
12 altering
altering
altering
altering
（
alter[
alter[
alter[
alter[
5CltE
5CltE
5CltE
5CltE
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
改
变

Farmers could get better prices for their crops if the alternative existed of sending
them directly eastward to market and merchants could sell larger quantities of their
manufactured goods if these could be transported more directly and more economically
to the west

12
12
12
12 absence
absence
absence
absence of
of
of
of
缺乏

Speculation
o
n
t
he origin of these Pacific islanders began as soon as outsiders
encountered them
i
n
t
he absence of solid linguistic archaeological and biological data
many fanciful and mutually exclusive theories were devised

12
12
12
12 abandoned
abandoned
abandoned
abandoned
（
abandon[
abandon[
abandon[
abandon[
E5bAndEn
E5bAndEn
E5bAndEn
E5bAndEn
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
放
弃

Legend has
i
t
t
hat sometime toward the end of the Civil War (18611865)
a
gov
ernment train carrying oxen traveling through the northern plains of eastern
Wyoming was caught
i
n
a
s
nowstorm and had to be abandoned

11
11
11
11 wherever
wherever
wherever
wherever [
[
[
[
(h)weEr5evE
(h)weEr5evE
(h)weEr5evE
(h)weEr5evE
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
里

Wherever men appear they are crudely drawn and their bodies are elongated and
rigid

11
11
11
11 whatever
whatever
whatever
whatever [
[
[
[
wDt5evE hw
wDt5evE hw
wDt5evE hw
wDt5evE hw
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
样

This opinion holds that the pictures and whatever ceremony they accompanied were
a
n
a
ncient method of psychologically motivating hunters
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
64
64
64
64
1
1
11
11
11 weapons
weapons
weapons
weapons
（
weapon[
weapon[
weapon[
weapon[
5wepEn
5wepEn
5wepEn
5wepEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
武器

In addition the paintings mostly portray animals that the painters may have feared the
most because of their size speed natural weapons such as tusks and horns and the
unpredictability of their behavior

11
11
11
11 uniform
uniform
uniform
uniform [
[
[
[
5junIfCm
5junIfCm
5junIfCm
5junIfCm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
制服
adj
adj
adj
adj
统

Many ecologists now think that the relative longterm stability of climax communitie
s
c
omes not from diversity but from the patchiness of the environment
a
n
e
nvironment
that varies from place to place supports more kinds of organisms than
a
n
e
nvironment
that is uniform

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
11
11
11
11 twigs
twigs
twigs
twigs
（
twig[
twig[
twig[
twig[
twI^
twI^
twI^
twI^
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
细枝

Birds have been seen to carry twigs from tree to tree searching for prey

11
11
11
11 transfer
transfer
transfer
transfer [
[
[
[
trAns5f＼
trAns5f＼
trAns5f＼
trAns5f＼
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
转
移




调

Advocates also point to people who believe that the forces of nature are inhabited by
spirits particularly shamans who believe that
a
n
a
nimal
’
s
s
pirit and energy is
transferred to them while
i
n
a
t
rance

11
11
11
11 terrain
terrain
terrain
terrain [
[
[
[
5tereIn
5tereIn
5tereIn
5tereIn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
带
3
3
3
3 terra
terra
terra
terra n
n
n
n
土

One of the most obvious differences between the terrains is the smoothness of the
maria
i
n
c
ontrast to the roughness of the highlands

11
11
11
11 supplement
supplement
supplement
supplement [
[
[
[
5sQplImEnt
5sQplImEnt
5sQplImEnt
5sQplImEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
增补
v

v
v
v
补
充

This meant that wagon freighting stagecoaching and steamboating did not come to a
n
e
nd when the first train appeared rather they became supplements or feeders

11
11
11
11 superior
superior
superior
superior [
[
[
[
sju5pIErIE
sju5pIErIE
sju5pIErIE
sju5pIErIE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
司长辈
adj
adj
adj
adj
级
4
4
4
4 superiority
superiority
superiority
superiority [
[
[
[
sjJ()pIErI5DrItI
sjJ()pIErI5DrItI
sjJ()pIErI5DrItI
sjJ()pIErI5DrItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
优越等

They had wonderfully convenient features that made them superior to the cultivated
eastern grasses

11
11
11
11 suited(suit[
suited(suit[
suited(suit[
suited(suit[
sjut
sjut
sjut
sjut
])
])
])
]) n
n
n
n
衣服套
v

v
v
v
适
合

By the 1820＇s
i
n
t
he United States when steamboats were common
o
n
w
estern waters
these boats were mostly powered by engines built
i
n
t
he
W
est
(
Pittsburgh Cincinnati or
Louisville) and of
a
di
stinctive western design specially suited to western needs

11
11
11
11 substantial
substantial
substantial
substantial [
[
[
[
sEb5stAnFEl
sEb5stAnFEl
sEb5stAnFEl
sEb5stAnFEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
实质

Even
i
n
t
he areas that retain
a
s
oil cover the reduction of vegetation typically results i
n
t
he loss of the soil＇s ability to absorb substantial quantities of water

11
11
11
11 struggle
struggle
struggle
struggle [
[
[
[
5strQ^l
5strQ^l
5strQ^l
5strQ^l
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
奋斗斗争
v

v
v
v
抗
争奋斗

Those individuals who possess characteristics that provide them with
a
n
a
dvantage
i
n
t
he struggle for existence are more likely to survive and contribute their genes to the
next generation

11
11
11
11 stems(stem[
stems(stem[
stems(stem[
stems(stem[
stem
stem
stem
stem
])
])
])
]) n
n
n
n
茎
v

v
v
v
起
源

Their seed heads raised just high enough above the ground to catch the wind the
plants are no bigger than they need be their stems are hollow and
a
ll
t
he rigidity comes
from their water content

11
11
11
11 spiral
spiral
spiral
spiral [
[
[
[
5spaIErEl
5spaIErEl
5spaIErEl
5spaIErEl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
螺旋
v

v
v
v
盘
旋

Spiral galaxies are well supplied with the interstellar gas
i
n
w
hich new stars form as
the rotating spiral pattern sweeps around the galaxy
i
t
c
ompresses gas and dust
triggering the formation of bright young stars and
i
n
i
ts arms

11
11
11
11 speculation
speculation
speculation
speculation [
[
[
[
7spekjJ5leIFEn
7spekjJ5leIFEn
7spekjJ5leIFEn
7spekjJ5leIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
推测
4
4
4
4 speculate
speculate
speculate
speculate [
[
[
[
5spekjJ7leIt
5spekjJ7leIt
5spekjJ7leIt
5spekjJ7leIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
投
机推测

And with those revisions come new speculations about the first terrestrial lifeforms

1
1
11
11
11 spears(spear[
spears(spear[
spears(spear[
spears(spear[
spIE
spIE
spIE
spIE
])
])
])
]) n
n
n
n
矛老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
64
64
64
64
1
1
11
11
11 weapons
weapons
weapons
weapons
（
weapon[
weapon[
weapon[
weapon[
5wepEn
5wepEn
5wepEn
5wepEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
武器

In addition the paintings mostly portray animals that the painters may have feared the
most because of their size speed natural weapons such as tusks and horns and the
unpredictability of their behavior

11
11
11
11 uniform
uniform
uniform
uniform [
[
[
[
5junIfCm
5junIfCm
5junIfCm
5junIfCm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
制服
adj
adj
adj
adj
统

Many ecologists now think that the relative longterm stability of climax communitie
s
c
omes not from diversity but from the patchiness of the environment
a
n
e
nvironment
that varies from place to place supports more kinds of organisms than
a
n
e
nvironment
that is uniform

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
11
11
11
11 twigs
twigs
twigs
twigs
（
twig[
twig[
twig[
twig[
twI^
twI^
twI^
twI^
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
细枝

Birds have been seen to carry twigs from tree to tree searching for prey

11
11
11
11 transfer
transfer
transfer
transfer [
[
[
[
trAns5f＼
trAns5f＼
trAns5f＼
trAns5f＼
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
转
移




调

Advocates also point to people who believe that the forces of nature are inhabited by
spirits particularly shamans who believe that
a
n
a
nimal
’
s
s
pirit and energy is
transferred to them while
i
n
a
t
rance

11
11
11
11 terrain
terrain
terrain
terrain [
[
[
[
5tereIn
5tereIn
5tereIn
5tereIn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
带
3
3
3
3 terra
terra
terra
terra n
n
n
n
土

One of the most obvious differences between the terrains is the smoothness of the
maria
i
n
c
ontrast to the roughness of the highlands

11
11
11
11 supplement
supplement
supplement
supplement [
[
[
[
5sQplImEnt
5sQplImEnt
5sQplImEnt
5sQplImEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
增补
v

v
v
v
补
充

This meant that wagon freighting stagecoaching and steamboating did not come to a
n
e
nd when the first train appeared rather they became supplements or feeders

11
11
11
11 superior
superior
superior
superior [
[
[
[
sju5pIErIE
sju5pIErIE
sju5pIErIE
sju5pIErIE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
司长辈
adj
adj
adj
adj
级
4
4
4
4 superiority
superiority
superiority
superiority [
[
[
[
sjJ()pIErI5DrItI
sjJ()pIErI5DrItI
sjJ()pIErI5DrItI
sjJ()pIErI5DrItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
优越等

They had wonderfully convenient features that made them superior to the cultivated
eastern grasses

11
11
11
11 suited(suit[
suited(suit[
suited(suit[
suited(suit[
sjut
sjut
sjut
sjut
])
])
])
]) n
n
n
n
衣服套
v

v
v
v
适
合

By the 1820＇s
i
n
t
he United States when steamboats were common
o
n
w
estern waters
these boats were mostly powered by engines built
i
n
t
he
W
est
(
Pittsburgh Cincinnati or
Louisville) and of
a
di
stinctive western design specially suited to western needs

11
11
11
11 substantial
substantial
substantial
substantial [
[
[
[
sEb5stAnFEl
sEb5stAnFEl
sEb5stAnFEl
sEb5stAnFEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
实质

Even
i
n
t
he areas that retain
a
s
oil cover the reduction of vegetation typically results i
n
t
he loss of the soil＇s ability to absorb substantial quantities of water

11
11
11
11 struggle
struggle
struggle
struggle [
[
[
[
5strQ^l
5strQ^l
5strQ^l
5strQ^l
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
奋斗斗争
v

v
v
v
抗
争奋斗

Those individuals who possess characteristics that provide them with
a
n
a
dvantage
i
n
t
he struggle for existence are more likely to survive and contribute their genes to the
next generation

11
11
11
11 stems(stem[
stems(stem[
stems(stem[
stems(stem[
stem
stem
stem
stem
])
])
])
]) n
n
n
n
茎
v

v
v
v
起
源

Their seed heads raised just high enough above the ground to catch the wind the
plants are no bigger than they need be their stems are hollow and
a
ll
t
he rigidity comes
from their water content

11
11
11
11 spiral
spiral
spiral
spiral [
[
[
[
5spaIErEl
5spaIErEl
5spaIErEl
5spaIErEl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
螺旋
v

v
v
v
盘
旋

Spiral galaxies are well supplied with the interstellar gas
i
n
w
hich new stars form as
the rotating spiral pattern sweeps around the galaxy
i
t
c
ompresses gas and dust
triggering the formation of bright young stars and
i
n
i
ts arms

11
11
11
11 speculation
speculation
speculation
speculation [
[
[
[
7spekjJ5leIFEn
7spekjJ5leIFEn
7spekjJ5leIFEn
7spekjJ5leIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
推测
4
4
4
4 speculate
speculate
speculate
speculate [
[
[
[
5spekjJ7leIt
5spekjJ7leIt
5spekjJ7leIt
5spekjJ7leIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
投
机推测

And with those revisions come new speculations about the first terrestrial lifeforms

1
1
11
11
11 spears(spear[
spears(spear[
spears(spear[
spears(spear[
spIE
spIE
spIE
spIE
])
])
])
]) n
n
n
n
矛老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
65
65
65
65

M
any shafts of spears and similar objects were decorated with figures of animals

11
11
11
11 specimens(specimen[
specimens(specimen[
specimens(specimen[
specimens(specimen[
5spesImIn mEn
5spesImIn mEn
5spesImIn mEn
5spesImIn mEn
])
])
])
]) n
n
n
n
范例样品

Researchers make tools that replicate excavated specimens as closely as possible and
then try to use them as the originals might have been used
i
n
w
oodcutting hunting or
cultivation

11
11
11
11 slope
slope
slope
slope [
[
[
[
slEJp
slEJp
slEJp
slEJp
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
斜坡倾斜

The development of the
o
il
f
ield
o
n
t
he North Slope of Alaska and the construction the
Alaska pipeline are examples of the great expense and difficulty involved
i
n
ne
w
o
il
di
scoveries

11
11
11
11 sinking(sink[
sinking(sink[
sinking(sink[
sinking(sink[
sINk
sINk
sINk
sINk
])
])
])
])
v

v
v
v

沉落

They must also keep swimming to keep from sinking since most have largely or
completely lost the swim bladder the gasfilled sac that helps most other fish remain
buoyant

11
11
11
11 sieve
sieve
sieve
sieve [
[
[
[
sIv
sIv
sIv
sIv
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
筛子

Although sieves work well for silt sand and larger particles they are not appropriate
for clay particles

11
11
11
11 shrubs(shrub[
shrubs(shrub[
shrubs(shrub[
shrubs(shrub[
FrQb
FrQb
FrQb
FrQb
])
])
])
]) n
n
n
n
灌木

Within
a
v
ertical distance of just
a
f
ew tens of meters trees disappear as
a
l
ifeform
and are replaced by low shrubs herbs and grasses

11
11
11
11 selection
selection
selection
selection [
[
[
[
sI5lekFEn
sI5lekFEn
sI5lekFEn
sI5lekFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
选择

This is the criterion emphasized by Darwin＇s theory of evolution by natural selection

1
1
11
11
11 seal
seal
seal
seal [
[
[
[
sil
sil
sil
sil
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
封条海豹
v

v
v
v
封




密
封

Native Americans from Oregon occasionally ventured to sea for seal hunts but long
sea voyages were much less common than they were further north among the Nootka
Kwakiutl and Halda people

11
11
11
11 sandstone
sandstone
sandstone
sandstone [
[
[
[
5sAndstEJn
5sAndstEJn
5sAndstEJn
5sAndstEJn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
沙岩

Using only stone and wood tools and without benefit of wheels or draft animals the
builders quarried ton upon ton of sandstone from the canyon walls cut
i
t
i
nto small
blocks hauled the blocks to the construction site and fitted them together with mud
mortar

11
11
11
11 realist
realist
realist
realist [
[
[
[
5rIElIst
5rIElIst
5rIElIst
5rIElIst
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
现实义作家
10
10
10
10 realistic
realistic
realistic
realistic [
[
[
[
rIE5lIstIk
rIE5lIstIk
rIE5lIstIk
rIE5lIstIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
现实

Another realist Bret Harte achieved fame with stories that portrayed local life
i
n
t
he
California mining camps

11
11
11
11 psychological
psychological
psychological
psychological [
[
[
[
7saIkE5lDdVIkEl
7saIkE5lDdVIkEl
7saIkE5lDdVIkEl
7saIkE5lDdVIkEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
心理学
8
8
8
8 psychologists(psychologist[
psychologists(psychologist[
psychologists(psychologist[
psychologists(psychologist[
psaI`kDlEdVIst
psaI`kDlEdVIst
psaI`kDlEdVIst
psaI`kDlEdVIst
])
])
])
]) n
n
n
n
心理学家

Psychological researchers generally recognize that facial expressions reflect emotion
a
l
s
tates

11
11
11
11 primates(primate[
primates(primate[
primates(primate[
primates(primate[
5praImIt
5praImIt
5praImIt
5praImIt
])
])
])
]) n
n
n
n
灵长类动物

Home base behavior does not occur among nonhuman primates and is rare among
mammals

11
11
11
11 precede
precede
precede
precede [
[
[
[
prI()5sid
prI()5sid
prI()5sid
prI()5sid
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v






前
10
10
10
10 unprecedented
unprecedented
unprecedented
unprecedented [
[
[
[
Qn5presIdEntId
Qn5presIdEntId
Qn5presIdEntId
Qn5presIdEntId
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
空前

Although art deco
i
n
i
ts many forms was largely perceived as thoroughly modern
i
t
w
as strongly influenced by the decorative arts movements that immediately preceded
it

11
11
11
11 possess
possess
possess
possess [
[
[
[
pE5zes
pE5zes
pE5zes
pE5zes
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
拥


The principal reason for this is that none of them possesses chlorophyll and since they
cannot synthesize their own carbohydrates they obtain their supplies either from the老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
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：
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老
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：
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
65
65
65
65

M
any shafts of spears and similar objects were decorated with figures of animals

11
11
11
11 specimens(specimen[
specimens(specimen[
specimens(specimen[
specimens(specimen[
5spesImIn mEn
5spesImIn mEn
5spesImIn mEn
5spesImIn mEn
])
])
])
]) n
n
n
n
范例样品

Researchers make tools that replicate excavated specimens as closely as possible and
then try to use them as the originals might have been used
i
n
w
oodcutting hunting or
cultivation

11
11
11
11 slope
slope
slope
slope [
[
[
[
slEJp
slEJp
slEJp
slEJp
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
斜坡倾斜

The development of the
o
il
f
ield
o
n
t
he North Slope of Alaska and the construction the
Alaska pipeline are examples of the great expense and difficulty involved
i
n
ne
w
o
il
di
scoveries

11
11
11
11 sinking(sink[
sinking(sink[
sinking(sink[
sinking(sink[
sINk
sINk
sINk
sINk
])
])
])
])
v

v
v
v

沉落

They must also keep swimming to keep from sinking since most have largely or
completely lost the swim bladder the gasfilled sac that helps most other fish remain
buoyant

11
11
11
11 sieve
sieve
sieve
sieve [
[
[
[
sIv
sIv
sIv
sIv
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
筛子

Although sieves work well for silt sand and larger particles they are not appropriate
for clay particles

11
11
11
11 shrubs(shrub[
shrubs(shrub[
shrubs(shrub[
shrubs(shrub[
FrQb
FrQb
FrQb
FrQb
])
])
])
]) n
n
n
n
灌木

Within
a
v
ertical distance of just
a
f
ew tens of meters trees disappear as
a
l
ifeform
and are replaced by low shrubs herbs and grasses

11
11
11
11 selection
selection
selection
selection [
[
[
[
sI5lekFEn
sI5lekFEn
sI5lekFEn
sI5lekFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
选择

This is the criterion emphasized by Darwin＇s theory of evolution by natural selection

1
1
11
11
11 seal
seal
seal
seal [
[
[
[
sil
sil
sil
sil
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
封条海豹
v

v
v
v
封




密
封

Native Americans from Oregon occasionally ventured to sea for seal hunts but long
sea voyages were much less common than they were further north among the Nootka
Kwakiutl and Halda people

11
11
11
11 sandstone
sandstone
sandstone
sandstone [
[
[
[
5sAndstEJn
5sAndstEJn
5sAndstEJn
5sAndstEJn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
沙岩

Using only stone and wood tools and without benefit of wheels or draft animals the
builders quarried ton upon ton of sandstone from the canyon walls cut
i
t
i
nto small
blocks hauled the blocks to the construction site and fitted them together with mud
mortar

11
11
11
11 realist
realist
realist
realist [
[
[
[
5rIElIst
5rIElIst
5rIElIst
5rIElIst
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
现实义作家
10
10
10
10 realistic
realistic
realistic
realistic [
[
[
[
rIE5lIstIk
rIE5lIstIk
rIE5lIstIk
rIE5lIstIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
现实

Another realist Bret Harte achieved fame with stories that portrayed local life
i
n
t
he
California mining camps

11
11
11
11 psychological
psychological
psychological
psychological [
[
[
[
7saIkE5lDdVIkEl
7saIkE5lDdVIkEl
7saIkE5lDdVIkEl
7saIkE5lDdVIkEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
心理学
8
8
8
8 psychologists(psychologist[
psychologists(psychologist[
psychologists(psychologist[
psychologists(psychologist[
psaI`kDlEdVIst
psaI`kDlEdVIst
psaI`kDlEdVIst
psaI`kDlEdVIst
])
])
])
]) n
n
n
n
心理学家

Psychological researchers generally recognize that facial expressions reflect emotion
a
l
s
tates

11
11
11
11 primates(primate[
primates(primate[
primates(primate[
primates(primate[
5praImIt
5praImIt
5praImIt
5praImIt
])
])
])
]) n
n
n
n
灵长类动物

Home base behavior does not occur among nonhuman primates and is rare among
mammals

11
11
11
11 precede
precede
precede
precede [
[
[
[
prI()5sid
prI()5sid
prI()5sid
prI()5sid
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v






前
10
10
10
10 unprecedented
unprecedented
unprecedented
unprecedented [
[
[
[
Qn5presIdEntId
Qn5presIdEntId
Qn5presIdEntId
Qn5presIdEntId
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
空前

Although art deco
i
n
i
ts many forms was largely perceived as thoroughly modern
i
t
w
as strongly influenced by the decorative arts movements that immediately preceded
it

11
11
11
11 possess
possess
possess
possess [
[
[
[
pE5zes
pE5zes
pE5zes
pE5zes
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
拥


The principal reason for this is that none of them possesses chlorophyll and since they
cannot synthesize their own carbohydrates they obtain their supplies either from the老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
66
66
66
66
br
eakdown of dead organic matter or from other living organisms

11
11
11
11 originated(originate[
originated(originate[
originated(originate[
originated(originate[
E5rIdVIneIt
E5rIdVIneIt
E5rIdVIneIt
E5rIdVIneIt
])
])
])
])
v

v
v
v
引
起




发明
3
3
3
3 originator
originator
originator
originator [
[
[
[
E`rIdVEneItE(r)
E`rIdVEneItE(r)
E`rIdVEneItE(r)
E`rIdVEneItE(r)
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
创作者

Life originated
i
n
t
he early seas less than
a
bi
llion years after the Earth was formed

11
11
11
11 orchids(orchid[
orchids(orchid[
orchids(orchid[
orchids(orchid[
5CkId
5CkId
5CkId
5CkId
])
])
])
]) n
n
n
n
兰花

By such ingenious adaptations to specific pollinators orchids have avoided the
hazards of rampant crossbreeding
i
n
t
he wild assuring the survival of species as
discrete identities

11
11
11
11 orchestra
orchestra
orchestra
orchestra [
[
[
[
5CkIstrE kes
5CkIstrE kes
5CkIstrE kes
5CkIstrE kes
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
弦乐队
3
3
3
3 orchestral
orchestral
orchestral
orchestral [
[
[
[
C5kestrEl
C5kestrEl
C5kestrEl
C5kestrEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
弦乐

As movie theaters grew
i
n
num
ber and importance
a
v
iolinist and perhaps
a
c
ellist
would be added to the pianist
i
n
c
ertain cases and
i
n
t
he larger movie theaters small
orchestras were formed

11
11
11
11 opposed(oppose[
opposed(oppose[
opposed(oppose[
opposed(oppose[
E5pEJz
E5pEJz
E5pEJz
E5pEJz
])
])
])
])
v

v
v
v
反


Religion and politics they believed should be kept clearly separate and they
generally opposed humanitarian legislation

11
11
11
11 nutrients(nutrient[
nutrients(nutrient[
nutrients(nutrient[
nutrients(nutrient[
5njutrIEnt
5njutrIEnt
5njutrIEnt
5njutrIEnt
])
])
])
]) n
n
n
n
营养
adj
adj
adj
adj
营养
6
6
6
6 nutritious
nutritious
nutritious
nutritious [
[
[
[
nju5trIFEs
nju5trIFEs
nju5trIFEs
nju5trIFEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
营养成分

Some soils are notoriously deficient
i
n
m
icro nutrients and are therefore unable to
support most plant life

11
11
11
11 nucleus
nucleus
nucleus
nucleus [
[
[
[
5njuklIEs
5njuklIEs
5njuklIEs
5njuklIEs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
原子核

Each such unit conceived as
a
n
i
ntegrated economic and social unit with
a
l
arge
population nucleus was named
a
S
tandard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA)

11
11
11
11 molten
molten
molten
molten [
[
[
[
5mEJltEn
5mEJltEn
5mEJltEn
5mEJltEn
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
熔化

Any rock that has cooled and solidified from
a
m
olten state is
a
n
i
gneous rock

11
11
11
11 moisture
moisture
moisture
moisture [
[
[
[
5mCIstFE
5mCIstFE
5mCIstFE
5mCIstFE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
湿气
4
4
4
4 moist
moist
moist
moist [
[
[
[
mCIst
mCIst
mCIst
mCIst
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
潮湿

At the higher altitudes
i
t
c
ools and the moisture
i
t
c
arriers is precipitated as rain or
snow
o
n
t
he western slopes of the mountains

11
11
11
11 missing
missing
missing
missing
（
miss[
miss[
miss[
miss[
mIs
mIs
mIs
mIs
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
迷
失想念

Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate or transitional between land
mammals and cetaceans

11
11
11
11 mirror
mirror
mirror
mirror [
[
[
[
5mIrE
5mIrE
5mIrE
5mIrE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
镜子
v

v
v
v
映
出

In the late1960＇s however psychologist Gordon Gallup devised
a
t
est of the sense of
self the mirror test

11
11
11
11 mesozoic
mesozoic
mesozoic
mesozoic adj
adj
adj
adj
中生代

Perhaps one of the most dramatic and important changes that took place
i
n
t
he
Mesozoic era occurred late
i
n
t
hat era among the small organisms that populate the
uppermost sunlit portion of the oceansthe plankton

11
11
11
11 mechanized
mechanized
mechanized
mechanized
（
mechanize[
mechanize[
mechanize[
mechanize[
5mekEnaIz
5mekEnaIz
5mekEnaIz
5mekEnaIz
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

机械化
5
5
5
5 mechanization
mechanization
mechanization
mechanization [
[
[
[
7mekEnaI5zeIFEn
7mekEnaI5zeIFEn
7mekEnaI5zeIFEn
7mekEnaI5zeIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
机械化
5
5
5
5 mechanical
mechanical
mechanical
mechanical [
[
[
[
mI5kAnIkl
mI5kAnIkl
mI5kAnIkl
mI5kAnIkl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
机械性

Others were pushed there when new technologies made their labor cheap or
expendable inventions such as steel plows and mechanized harvesters allowed one
farmhand to perform work that previously had required several thus making farming
capitalintensive rather than laborintensive

11
11
11
11 maximum
maximum
maximum
maximum [
[
[
[
5mAksImEm
5mAksImEm
5mAksImEm
5mAksImEm
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
高
n
n
n
n
量

The spot grows
i
n
s
ize from its first appearance until its maximum size is achieved
roughly at midday
老
师
Toefl
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7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
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66
66
66
66
br
eakdown of dead organic matter or from other living organisms

11
11
11
11 originated(originate[
originated(originate[
originated(originate[
originated(originate[
E5rIdVIneIt
E5rIdVIneIt
E5rIdVIneIt
E5rIdVIneIt
])
])
])
])
v

v
v
v
引
起




发明
3
3
3
3 originator
originator
originator
originator [
[
[
[
E`rIdVEneItE(r)
E`rIdVEneItE(r)
E`rIdVEneItE(r)
E`rIdVEneItE(r)
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
创作者

Life originated
i
n
t
he early seas less than
a
bi
llion years after the Earth was formed

11
11
11
11 orchids(orchid[
orchids(orchid[
orchids(orchid[
orchids(orchid[
5CkId
5CkId
5CkId
5CkId
])
])
])
]) n
n
n
n
兰花

By such ingenious adaptations to specific pollinators orchids have avoided the
hazards of rampant crossbreeding
i
n
t
he wild assuring the survival of species as
discrete identities

11
11
11
11 orchestra
orchestra
orchestra
orchestra [
[
[
[
5CkIstrE kes
5CkIstrE kes
5CkIstrE kes
5CkIstrE kes
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
弦乐队
3
3
3
3 orchestral
orchestral
orchestral
orchestral [
[
[
[
C5kestrEl
C5kestrEl
C5kestrEl
C5kestrEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
弦乐

As movie theaters grew
i
n
num
ber and importance
a
v
iolinist and perhaps
a
c
ellist
would be added to the pianist
i
n
c
ertain cases and
i
n
t
he larger movie theaters small
orchestras were formed

11
11
11
11 opposed(oppose[
opposed(oppose[
opposed(oppose[
opposed(oppose[
E5pEJz
E5pEJz
E5pEJz
E5pEJz
])
])
])
])
v

v
v
v
反


Religion and politics they believed should be kept clearly separate and they
generally opposed humanitarian legislation

11
11
11
11 nutrients(nutrient[
nutrients(nutrient[
nutrients(nutrient[
nutrients(nutrient[
5njutrIEnt
5njutrIEnt
5njutrIEnt
5njutrIEnt
])
])
])
]) n
n
n
n
营养
adj
adj
adj
adj
营养
6
6
6
6 nutritious
nutritious
nutritious
nutritious [
[
[
[
nju5trIFEs
nju5trIFEs
nju5trIFEs
nju5trIFEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
营养成分

Some soils are notoriously deficient
i
n
m
icro nutrients and are therefore unable to
support most plant life

11
11
11
11 nucleus
nucleus
nucleus
nucleus [
[
[
[
5njuklIEs
5njuklIEs
5njuklIEs
5njuklIEs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
原子核

Each such unit conceived as
a
n
i
ntegrated economic and social unit with
a
l
arge
population nucleus was named
a
S
tandard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA)

11
11
11
11 molten
molten
molten
molten [
[
[
[
5mEJltEn
5mEJltEn
5mEJltEn
5mEJltEn
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
熔化

Any rock that has cooled and solidified from
a
m
olten state is
a
n
i
gneous rock

11
11
11
11 moisture
moisture
moisture
moisture [
[
[
[
5mCIstFE
5mCIstFE
5mCIstFE
5mCIstFE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
湿气
4
4
4
4 moist
moist
moist
moist [
[
[
[
mCIst
mCIst
mCIst
mCIst
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
潮湿

At the higher altitudes
i
t
c
ools and the moisture
i
t
c
arriers is precipitated as rain or
snow
o
n
t
he western slopes of the mountains

11
11
11
11 missing
missing
missing
missing
（
miss[
miss[
miss[
miss[
mIs
mIs
mIs
mIs
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
迷
失想念

Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate or transitional between land
mammals and cetaceans

11
11
11
11 mirror
mirror
mirror
mirror [
[
[
[
5mIrE
5mIrE
5mIrE
5mIrE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
镜子
v

v
v
v
映
出

In the late1960＇s however psychologist Gordon Gallup devised
a
t
est of the sense of
self the mirror test

11
11
11
11 mesozoic
mesozoic
mesozoic
mesozoic adj
adj
adj
adj
中生代

Perhaps one of the most dramatic and important changes that took place
i
n
t
he
Mesozoic era occurred late
i
n
t
hat era among the small organisms that populate the
uppermost sunlit portion of the oceansthe plankton

11
11
11
11 mechanized
mechanized
mechanized
mechanized
（
mechanize[
mechanize[
mechanize[
mechanize[
5mekEnaIz
5mekEnaIz
5mekEnaIz
5mekEnaIz
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

机械化
5
5
5
5 mechanization
mechanization
mechanization
mechanization [
[
[
[
7mekEnaI5zeIFEn
7mekEnaI5zeIFEn
7mekEnaI5zeIFEn
7mekEnaI5zeIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
机械化
5
5
5
5 mechanical
mechanical
mechanical
mechanical [
[
[
[
mI5kAnIkl
mI5kAnIkl
mI5kAnIkl
mI5kAnIkl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
机械性

Others were pushed there when new technologies made their labor cheap or
expendable inventions such as steel plows and mechanized harvesters allowed one
farmhand to perform work that previously had required several thus making farming
capitalintensive rather than laborintensive

11
11
11
11 maximum
maximum
maximum
maximum [
[
[
[
5mAksImEm
5mAksImEm
5mAksImEm
5mAksImEm
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
高
n
n
n
n
量

The spot grows
i
n
s
ize from its first appearance until its maximum size is achieved
roughly at midday
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
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67
67
67
67
1
1
11
11
11 lip
lip
lip
lip [
[
[
[
lIp
lIp
lIp
lIp
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
嘴唇

But when the emotion that leads to stiffening the lip is more intense and involves
strong muscle tension facial feedback may heighten emotional response

11
11
11
11 intriguing
intriguing
intriguing
intriguing
（
intrigue[
intrigue[
intrigue[
intrigue[
In5tri^
In5tri^
In5tri^
In5tri^
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
引
起激起

While there are
a
doz
en or more mass extinctions
i
n
t
he geological record the
Cretaceous mass extinction has always intrigued paleontologists because
i
t
m
arks the
end of the age of the dinosaurs

11
11
11
11 igneous
igneous
igneous
igneous [
[
[
[
5I^nIEs
5I^nIEs
5I^nIEs
5I^nIEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
火

Therefore if the Earth began as
a
s
uperheated sphere
i
n
s
pace
a
ll
t
he rocks making up
its crust may well have been igneous and thus the ancestors of
a
ll
ot
her rocks

11
11
11
11 hypothalamus
hypothalamus
hypothalamus
hypothalamus n
n
n
n
丘脑部

The hypothalamus appears to be involved
i
n
t
his inborn reaction pattern electrical
stimulation of part of the hypothalamus triggers stereotypical aggressive behaviors
i
n
m
any animals

11
11
11
11 herds
herds
herds
herds
（
herd[
herd[
herd[
herd[
h＼d
h＼d
h＼d
h＼d
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
兽群群

One opinion is that the paintings were
a
r
ecord of seasonal migrations made by herds

1
1
11
11
11 hence
hence
hence
hence [
[
[
[
hens
hens
hens
hens
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv


Hence they are
a
n
e
xcellent group for communicating information
o
n
s
cience and
conservation issues such as diversity

11
11
11
11 firm
firm
firm
firm [
[
[
[
f＼m
f＼m
f＼m
f＼m
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
公司
v

v
v
v

稳固变坚实
adj
adj
adj
adj
稳固坚定
6
6
6
6 firmly
firmly
firmly
firmly [
[
[
[
5f＼mlI
5f＼mlI
5f＼mlI
5f＼mlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
坚固

At the time Ford received criticism from other firms such as United States Steel and
Westinghouse but the idea was popular with workers

11
11
11
11 fireplace
fireplace
fireplace
fireplace [
[
[
[
5faIEpleIs
5faIEpleIs
5faIEpleIs
5faIEpleIs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
壁炉

It was made like
a
s
mall secondary fireplace with
a
f
lue leading into the main chimney
to draw out smoke

11
11
11
11 figurines
figurines
figurines
figurines
（
figurine[
figurine[
figurine[
figurine[
5fI^jJrin
5fI^jJrin
5fI^jJrin
5fI^jJrin
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
雕

They may have used figurines to portray
a
n
i
deal type or to express
a
de
sire for
fertility

11
11
11
11 falcons
falcons
falcons
falcons
（
falcon[
falcon[
falcon[
falcon[
5fAlkEn 5fCl
5fAlkEn 5fCl
5fAlkEn 5fCl
5fAlkEn 5fCl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
猎鹰

Large wind farms
i
n
c
ertain areas kill hawks falcons and eagles and thus might create
a
m
ore ideal path for the flight of migratory birds

11
11
11
11 extent
extent
extent
extent [
[
[
[
Iks5tent
Iks5tent
Iks5tent
Iks5tent
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
范围程度

The investigation begins with
a
n
e
valuation of toxic sites
i
n
t
he target area to
determine the extent of contamination
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
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Toefl
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词汇红宝书
67
67
67
67
1
1
11
11
11 lip
lip
lip
lip [
[
[
[
lIp
lIp
lIp
lIp
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
嘴唇

But when the emotion that leads to stiffening the lip is more intense and involves
strong muscle tension facial feedback may heighten emotional response

11
11
11
11 intriguing
intriguing
intriguing
intriguing
（
intrigue[
intrigue[
intrigue[
intrigue[
In5tri^
In5tri^
In5tri^
In5tri^
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
引
起激起

While there are
a
doz
en or more mass extinctions
i
n
t
he geological record the
Cretaceous mass extinction has always intrigued paleontologists because
i
t
m
arks the
end of the age of the dinosaurs

11
11
11
11 igneous
igneous
igneous
igneous [
[
[
[
5I^nIEs
5I^nIEs
5I^nIEs
5I^nIEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
火

Therefore if the Earth began as
a
s
uperheated sphere
i
n
s
pace
a
ll
t
he rocks making up
its crust may well have been igneous and thus the ancestors of
a
ll
ot
her rocks

11
11
11
11 hypothalamus
hypothalamus
hypothalamus
hypothalamus n
n
n
n
丘脑部

The hypothalamus appears to be involved
i
n
t
his inborn reaction pattern electrical
stimulation of part of the hypothalamus triggers stereotypical aggressive behaviors
i
n
m
any animals

11
11
11
11 herds
herds
herds
herds
（
herd[
herd[
herd[
herd[
h＼d
h＼d
h＼d
h＼d
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
兽群群

One opinion is that the paintings were
a
r
ecord of seasonal migrations made by herds

1
1
11
11
11 hence
hence
hence
hence [
[
[
[
hens
hens
hens
hens
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv


Hence they are
a
n
e
xcellent group for communicating information
o
n
s
cience and
conservation issues such as diversity

11
11
11
11 firm
firm
firm
firm [
[
[
[
f＼m
f＼m
f＼m
f＼m
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
公司
v

v
v
v

稳固变坚实
adj
adj
adj
adj
稳固坚定
6
6
6
6 firmly
firmly
firmly
firmly [
[
[
[
5f＼mlI
5f＼mlI
5f＼mlI
5f＼mlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
坚固

At the time Ford received criticism from other firms such as United States Steel and
Westinghouse but the idea was popular with workers

11
11
11
11 fireplace
fireplace
fireplace
fireplace [
[
[
[
5faIEpleIs
5faIEpleIs
5faIEpleIs
5faIEpleIs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
壁炉

It was made like
a
s
mall secondary fireplace with
a
f
lue leading into the main chimney
to draw out smoke

11
11
11
11 figurines
figurines
figurines
figurines
（
figurine[
figurine[
figurine[
figurine[
5fI^jJrin
5fI^jJrin
5fI^jJrin
5fI^jJrin
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
雕

They may have used figurines to portray
a
n
i
deal type or to express
a
de
sire for
fertility

11
11
11
11 falcons
falcons
falcons
falcons
（
falcon[
falcon[
falcon[
falcon[
5fAlkEn 5fCl
5fAlkEn 5fCl
5fAlkEn 5fCl
5fAlkEn 5fCl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
猎鹰

Large wind farms
i
n
c
ertain areas kill hawks falcons and eagles and thus might create
a
m
ore ideal path for the flight of migratory birds

11
11
11
11 extent
extent
extent
extent [
[
[
[
Iks5tent
Iks5tent
Iks5tent
Iks5tent
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
范围程度

The investigation begins with
a
n
e
valuation of toxic sites
i
n
t
he target area to
determine the extent of contamination
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
68
68
68
68
L
ist
List
List
List 4
4
4
4
（第四天）
11
11
11
11 evident
evident
evident
evident [
[
[
[
5evIdEnt
5evIdEnt
5evIdEnt
5evIdEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
显然

Variation between the brain＇s hemispheres was not evident
i
n
t
he skulls of Homo
erectus and Homo habilis

11
11
11
11 drag
drag
drag
drag [
[
[
[
drA^
drA^
drA^
drA^
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
拉




拖

T
here are adaptations that increase the amount of forward thrust as well as those that
reduce drag

11
11
11
11 dispersal
dispersal
dispersal
dispersal n
n
n
n
疏散散布

Squirrels may devour many acorns but by storing and failing to recover up to 74
percent of them (as they do when seeds are abundant) these arboreal o＼rodents can also
aid regeneration and dispersal of the oaks

11
11
11
11 delicate
delicate
delicate
delicate [
[
[
[
5delIkIt
5delIkIt
5delIkIt
5delIkIt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
细致优雅易碎

A
f
resh snowfall is
a
f
luffy mass of loosely packed snowflakes small delicate ice
constals grown
i
n
t
he atmosphere

11
11
11
11 crisis
crisis
crisis
crisis [
[
[
[
5kraIsIs
5kraIsIs
5kraIsIs
5kraIsIs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
危机

Releasing capillary water and introducing droughtresistant crops are lesspromising
solutions to the water supply crisis than bringing
i
n
r
iver water

11
11
11
11 conserve
conserve
conserve
conserve [
[
[
[
kEn5s＼v
kEn5s＼v
kEn5s＼v
kEn5s＼v
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
保
存

Many have been attempting to conserve water by irrigating less frequently or by
switching to crops that require less water

11
11
11
11 columbia
columbia
columbia
columbia [
[
[
[
kE5lQmbIE
kE5lQmbIE
kE5lQmbIE
kE5lQmbIE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
哥伦亚

The other species the Columbian whitetailed deer
i
n
e
arlier times was common
i
n
t
he open prairie country
i
t
i
s now restricted to the low marshy islands and flood plains
along the lower Columbia River

11
11
11
11 ceased
ceased
ceased
ceased
（
cease[
cease[
cease[
cease[
sis
sis
sis
sis
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
停
止

But
i
n
t
hat period when getting food no longer depended
o
n
hun
ting large game
animals (because they were becoming extinct) the art ceased to focus
o
n
por
trayals of
animals

11
11
11
11 balance
balance
balance
balance [
[
[
[
5bAlEns
5bAlEns
5bAlEns
5bAlEns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
衡
v

v
v
v

衡

Only rarely do these competing forces of heat and cold operate
i
n
pe
rfect balance to
create
a
phe
nomenon such as the steam caves at Mount Rainier National Park

11
11
11
11 altitudes
altitudes
altitudes
altitudes
（
altitude[
altitude[
altitude[
altitude[
5AltItjud
5AltItjud
5AltItjud
5AltItjud
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
高度

In this process sedimentary rocks that originally formed
o
n
t
he seabed may be folded
upwards to altitudes of more than 26000 feet

11
11
11
11 adult
adult
adult
adult [
[
[
[
E5dQlt 5AdQlt
E5dQlt 5AdQlt
E5dQlt 5AdQlt
E5dQlt 5AdQlt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
成
adj
adj
adj
adj
成年

Classes for adult immigrants were sponsored by public schools corporations unions
churches settlement houses and other agencies

11
11
11
11 adequate
adequate
adequate
adequate [
[
[
[
5AdIkwIt
5AdIkwIt
5AdIkwIt
5AdIkwIt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
充足
8
8
8
8 inadequate
inadequate
inadequate
inadequate [
[
[
[
In5AdIkwIt
In5AdIkwIt
In5AdIkwIt
In5AdIkwIt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
充分适

However much of this interest has been sparked by sweeping claims that the food
supply is unsafe or
i
n
a
dequate
i
n
m
eeting nutritional needs

11
11
11
11 absorb
absorb
absorb
absorb [
[
[
[
Eb5sCb
Eb5sCb
Eb5sCb
Eb5sCb
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
吸
收
6
6
6
6 absorption
absorption
absorption
absorption [
[
[
[
Eb5sCpFEn
Eb5sCpFEn
Eb5sCpFEn
Eb5sCpFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
专心
3
3
3
3 reabsorbed
reabsorbed
reabsorbed
reabsorbed adj
adj
adj
adj
吸收

When plants do not absorb sufficient amounts of essential minerals characteristic
abnormalities result

10
10
10
10 wheel
wheel
wheel
wheel [
[
[
[
wil hw
wil hw
wil hw
wil hw
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
轮子
v

v
v
v
旋
转

Another generation passed before Inventors succeeded
i
n
c
ombining these ingredient
s老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
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英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
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：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
68
68
68
68
L
ist
List
List
List 4
4
4
4
（第四天）
11
11
11
11 evident
evident
evident
evident [
[
[
[
5evIdEnt
5evIdEnt
5evIdEnt
5evIdEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
显然

Variation between the brain＇s hemispheres was not evident
i
n
t
he skulls of Homo
erectus and Homo habilis

11
11
11
11 drag
drag
drag
drag [
[
[
[
drA^
drA^
drA^
drA^
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
拉




拖

T
here are adaptations that increase the amount of forward thrust as well as those that
reduce drag

11
11
11
11 dispersal
dispersal
dispersal
dispersal n
n
n
n
疏散散布

Squirrels may devour many acorns but by storing and failing to recover up to 74
percent of them (as they do when seeds are abundant) these arboreal o＼rodents can also
aid regeneration and dispersal of the oaks

11
11
11
11 delicate
delicate
delicate
delicate [
[
[
[
5delIkIt
5delIkIt
5delIkIt
5delIkIt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
细致优雅易碎

A
f
resh snowfall is
a
f
luffy mass of loosely packed snowflakes small delicate ice
constals grown
i
n
t
he atmosphere

11
11
11
11 crisis
crisis
crisis
crisis [
[
[
[
5kraIsIs
5kraIsIs
5kraIsIs
5kraIsIs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
危机

Releasing capillary water and introducing droughtresistant crops are lesspromising
solutions to the water supply crisis than bringing
i
n
r
iver water

11
11
11
11 conserve
conserve
conserve
conserve [
[
[
[
kEn5s＼v
kEn5s＼v
kEn5s＼v
kEn5s＼v
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
保
存

Many have been attempting to conserve water by irrigating less frequently or by
switching to crops that require less water

11
11
11
11 columbia
columbia
columbia
columbia [
[
[
[
kE5lQmbIE
kE5lQmbIE
kE5lQmbIE
kE5lQmbIE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
哥伦亚

The other species the Columbian whitetailed deer
i
n
e
arlier times was common
i
n
t
he open prairie country
i
t
i
s now restricted to the low marshy islands and flood plains
along the lower Columbia River

11
11
11
11 ceased
ceased
ceased
ceased
（
cease[
cease[
cease[
cease[
sis
sis
sis
sis
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
停
止

But
i
n
t
hat period when getting food no longer depended
o
n
hun
ting large game
animals (because they were becoming extinct) the art ceased to focus
o
n
por
trayals of
animals

11
11
11
11 balance
balance
balance
balance [
[
[
[
5bAlEns
5bAlEns
5bAlEns
5bAlEns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
衡
v

v
v
v

衡

Only rarely do these competing forces of heat and cold operate
i
n
pe
rfect balance to
create
a
phe
nomenon such as the steam caves at Mount Rainier National Park

11
11
11
11 altitudes
altitudes
altitudes
altitudes
（
altitude[
altitude[
altitude[
altitude[
5AltItjud
5AltItjud
5AltItjud
5AltItjud
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
高度

In this process sedimentary rocks that originally formed
o
n
t
he seabed may be folded
upwards to altitudes of more than 26000 feet

11
11
11
11 adult
adult
adult
adult [
[
[
[
E5dQlt 5AdQlt
E5dQlt 5AdQlt
E5dQlt 5AdQlt
E5dQlt 5AdQlt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
成
adj
adj
adj
adj
成年

Classes for adult immigrants were sponsored by public schools corporations unions
churches settlement houses and other agencies

11
11
11
11 adequate
adequate
adequate
adequate [
[
[
[
5AdIkwIt
5AdIkwIt
5AdIkwIt
5AdIkwIt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
充足
8
8
8
8 inadequate
inadequate
inadequate
inadequate [
[
[
[
In5AdIkwIt
In5AdIkwIt
In5AdIkwIt
In5AdIkwIt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
充分适

However much of this interest has been sparked by sweeping claims that the food
supply is unsafe or
i
n
a
dequate
i
n
m
eeting nutritional needs

11
11
11
11 absorb
absorb
absorb
absorb [
[
[
[
Eb5sCb
Eb5sCb
Eb5sCb
Eb5sCb
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
吸
收
6
6
6
6 absorption
absorption
absorption
absorption [
[
[
[
Eb5sCpFEn
Eb5sCpFEn
Eb5sCpFEn
Eb5sCpFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
专心
3
3
3
3 reabsorbed
reabsorbed
reabsorbed
reabsorbed adj
adj
adj
adj
吸收

When plants do not absorb sufficient amounts of essential minerals characteristic
abnormalities result

10
10
10
10 wheel
wheel
wheel
wheel [
[
[
[
wil hw
wil hw
wil hw
wil hw
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
轮子
v

v
v
v
旋
转

Another generation passed before Inventors succeeded
i
n
c
ombining these ingredient
s老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
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英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
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留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
69
69
69
69
by pu
tting the engine
o
n
w
heels and the wheels
o
n
t
he rails so as to provide
a
m
achine
to take the place of the horse

10
10
10
10 tablets
tablets
tablets
tablets
（
tablet[
tablet[
tablet[
tablet[
5tAblIt
5tAblIt
5tAblIt
5tAblIt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
板

Archacologists working at Nineveh
i
n
nor
thern Mesopotamia
i
n
t
he midnineteenth
century found many inscribed clay tablets

10
10
10
10 symptoms
symptoms
symptoms
symptoms
（
symptom[
symptom[
symptom[
symptom[
5sImptEm
5sImptEm
5sImptEm
5sImptEm
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
征兆

Nitrogen which composes 80 percent of the air we breathe usually causes
a
ba
lmy
feeling of wellbeing at this pressure At
a
de
pth of 5 atmospheres nitrogen causes
symptoms resembling alcohol intoxication known as nitrogen narcosis

10
10
10
10 sustain
sustain
sustain
sustain [
[
[
[
sEs5teIn
sEs5teIn
sEs5teIn
sEs5teIn
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
支
撑维持

Population growth
i
n
t
urn created
a
n
e
ven greater reliance
o
n
s
ettled farming as only
systematic agriculture could sustain the increased numbers of people

10
10
10
10 strips
strips
strips
strips
（
strip[
strip[
strip[
strip[
strIp
strIp
strIp
strIp
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
条




带简易机场

It is often dramatically marked as
a
n
unm
istakable landing strip to attract the specific
insect the orchid has chosen as its pollinator

10
10
10
10 splitting
splitting
splitting
splitting
（
split[
split[
split[
split[
splIt
splIt
splIt
splIt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
裂缝
v

v
v
v
劈
开

Tree roots force their way into cracks
i
n
r
ocks and
i
n
s
o doing speed their splitting

10
10
10
10 s
pin
spin
spin
spin [
[
[
[
spIn
spIn
spIn
spIn
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
纺
织

It was not until after 1823 after the mechanization of the spinning had weaving
industries that cities started drawing young people away from farms

10
10
10
10 scarce
scarce
scarce
scarce [
[
[
[
skeEs
skeEs
skeEs
skeEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
缺乏稀

The scarce fossils of the Proterozoic mostly singlecelled bacteria provide little
evidence
i
n
t
his regard

10
10
10
10 roughly
roughly
roughly
roughly [
[
[
[
5rQflI
5rQflI
5rQflI
5rQflI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
体
6
6
6
6 rough
rough
rough
rough [
[
[
[
rQf
rQf
rQf
rQf
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
粗糙

Midway through its first century as
a
na
tion the United States＇ population had
increased roughly five time and eleven new states had been added to the original
thirteen

10
10
10
10 rigid
rigid
rigid
rigid [
[
[
[
5rIdVId
5rIdVId
5rIdVId
5rIdVId
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
坚硬严格

This rigid layer floats
o
n
t
he denser material of the lower mantle the way
a
w
ooden ra
f
t
f
lats
o
n
a
pond

10
10
10
10 r
epublic
republic
republic
republic [
[
[
[
rI5pQblIk
rI5pQblIk
rI5pQblIk
rI5pQblIk
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
国

The Democrats wanted the rewards of the market without sacrificing the features of
a
s
imple agrarian republic

10
10
10
10 rely
rely
rely
rely [
[
[
[
rI5laI
rI5laI
rI5laI
rI5laI
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v


9
9
9
9 reliance
reliance
reliance
reliance [
[
[
[
rI5laIEns
rI5laIEns
rI5laIEns
rI5laIEns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
信

These plants are termed opportunists because they rely
o
n
t
heir seeds＇ falling into
settings where competing plants have been removed by natural processes such as along
a
n
e
roding riverbank
o
n
l
andslips or where
a
t
ree falls and creates
a
ga
p
i
n
t
he forest
canopy

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
10
10
10
10 reformers
reformers
reformers
reformers
（
reformer[
reformer[
reformer[
reformer[
rI5fCmE
rI5fCmE
rI5fCmE
rI5fCmE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
改革家

Reformers early
i
n
t
he twentieth century suggested that education programs should
suit the needs of specific populations

10
10
10
10 pose
pose
pose
pose [
[
[
[
pEJz
pEJz
pEJz
pEJz
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
样子姿态
v

v
v
v
摆
姿势

In 1991 the United States Congress asked NASA to investigate the hazard posed today
by large impacts
o
n
E
arth

10
10
10
10 plastic
plastic
plastic
plastic [
[
[
[
5plAstIk plBstIk
5plAstIk plBstIk
5plAstIk plBstIk
5plAstIk plBstIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
塑胶

The Earth＇s crust is thought to be divided into huge movable segments called plates老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
69
69
69
69
by pu
tting the engine
o
n
w
heels and the wheels
o
n
t
he rails so as to provide
a
m
achine
to take the place of the horse

10
10
10
10 tablets
tablets
tablets
tablets
（
tablet[
tablet[
tablet[
tablet[
5tAblIt
5tAblIt
5tAblIt
5tAblIt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
板

Archacologists working at Nineveh
i
n
nor
thern Mesopotamia
i
n
t
he midnineteenth
century found many inscribed clay tablets

10
10
10
10 symptoms
symptoms
symptoms
symptoms
（
symptom[
symptom[
symptom[
symptom[
5sImptEm
5sImptEm
5sImptEm
5sImptEm
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
征兆

Nitrogen which composes 80 percent of the air we breathe usually causes
a
ba
lmy
feeling of wellbeing at this pressure At
a
de
pth of 5 atmospheres nitrogen causes
symptoms resembling alcohol intoxication known as nitrogen narcosis

10
10
10
10 sustain
sustain
sustain
sustain [
[
[
[
sEs5teIn
sEs5teIn
sEs5teIn
sEs5teIn
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
支
撑维持

Population growth
i
n
t
urn created
a
n
e
ven greater reliance
o
n
s
ettled farming as only
systematic agriculture could sustain the increased numbers of people

10
10
10
10 strips
strips
strips
strips
（
strip[
strip[
strip[
strip[
strIp
strIp
strIp
strIp
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
条




带简易机场

It is often dramatically marked as
a
n
unm
istakable landing strip to attract the specific
insect the orchid has chosen as its pollinator

10
10
10
10 splitting
splitting
splitting
splitting
（
split[
split[
split[
split[
splIt
splIt
splIt
splIt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
裂缝
v

v
v
v
劈
开

Tree roots force their way into cracks
i
n
r
ocks and
i
n
s
o doing speed their splitting

10
10
10
10 s
pin
spin
spin
spin [
[
[
[
spIn
spIn
spIn
spIn
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
纺
织

It was not until after 1823 after the mechanization of the spinning had weaving
industries that cities started drawing young people away from farms

10
10
10
10 scarce
scarce
scarce
scarce [
[
[
[
skeEs
skeEs
skeEs
skeEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
缺乏稀

The scarce fossils of the Proterozoic mostly singlecelled bacteria provide little
evidence
i
n
t
his regard

10
10
10
10 roughly
roughly
roughly
roughly [
[
[
[
5rQflI
5rQflI
5rQflI
5rQflI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
体
6
6
6
6 rough
rough
rough
rough [
[
[
[
rQf
rQf
rQf
rQf
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
粗糙

Midway through its first century as
a
na
tion the United States＇ population had
increased roughly five time and eleven new states had been added to the original
thirteen

10
10
10
10 rigid
rigid
rigid
rigid [
[
[
[
5rIdVId
5rIdVId
5rIdVId
5rIdVId
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
坚硬严格

This rigid layer floats
o
n
t
he denser material of the lower mantle the way
a
w
ooden ra
f
t
f
lats
o
n
a
pond

10
10
10
10 r
epublic
republic
republic
republic [
[
[
[
rI5pQblIk
rI5pQblIk
rI5pQblIk
rI5pQblIk
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
国

The Democrats wanted the rewards of the market without sacrificing the features of
a
s
imple agrarian republic

10
10
10
10 rely
rely
rely
rely [
[
[
[
rI5laI
rI5laI
rI5laI
rI5laI
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v


9
9
9
9 reliance
reliance
reliance
reliance [
[
[
[
rI5laIEns
rI5laIEns
rI5laIEns
rI5laIEns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
信

These plants are termed opportunists because they rely
o
n
t
heir seeds＇ falling into
settings where competing plants have been removed by natural processes such as along
a
n
e
roding riverbank
o
n
l
andslips or where
a
t
ree falls and creates
a
ga
p
i
n
t
he forest
canopy

老师
Blog
：
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留学英语前线
10
10
10
10 reformers
reformers
reformers
reformers
（
reformer[
reformer[
reformer[
reformer[
rI5fCmE
rI5fCmE
rI5fCmE
rI5fCmE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
改革家

Reformers early
i
n
t
he twentieth century suggested that education programs should
suit the needs of specific populations

10
10
10
10 pose
pose
pose
pose [
[
[
[
pEJz
pEJz
pEJz
pEJz
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
样子姿态
v

v
v
v
摆
姿势

In 1991 the United States Congress asked NASA to investigate the hazard posed today
by large impacts
o
n
E
arth

10
10
10
10 plastic
plastic
plastic
plastic [
[
[
[
5plAstIk plBstIk
5plAstIk plBstIk
5plAstIk plBstIk
5plAstIk plBstIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
塑胶

The Earth＇s crust is thought to be divided into huge movable segments called plates老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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：
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师
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：
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
70
70
70
70
w
hich float
o
n
a
s
oft plastic layer of rock

10
10
10
10 planets
planets
planets
planets
（
planet[
planet[
planet[
planet[
5plAnIt
5plAnIt
5plAnIt
5plAnIt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
行星

This break
i
n
E
arth＇s history is marked by
a
m
ass extinction when as many as half the
species
o
n
t
he planet became extinct

10
10
10
10 phase
phase
phase
phase [
[
[
[
feIz
feIz
feIz
feIz
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
阶段

During this warm phase some 46 billion years ago Europa
’
s
oc
ean may have been
liquid right to the surface making
i
t
a
c
rucible for life

10
10
10
10 partially
partially
partially
partially [
[
[
[
5pBFElI
5pBFElI
5pBFElI
5pBFElI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
部分

But this increased protection is partially counteracted by the fact that mass roosts
attract predators and are especially vulnerable if they are
o
n
t
he ground

10
10
10
10 parasite
parasite
parasite
parasite [
[
[
[
5pArEsaIt
5pArEsaIt
5pArEsaIt
5pArEsaIt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
寄生虫

In the hypersensitive response cells undergo rapid necrosis—that is they become
diseased and die—after being penetrated by
a
pa
rasite the parasite itself subsequently
ceases to grow and is therefore restricted to one or
a
f
ew cells around the entry site

10
10
10
10 panel
panel
panel
panel [
[
[
[
5pAnl
5pAnl
5pAnl
5pAnl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
仪表板

Panel painting common
i
n
t
hirteenthand fourteenthcentury Europe involved
a
pa
instaking laborious process

10
10
10
10 offshore
offshore
offshore
offshore [
[
[
[
5D()fFC
5D()fFC
5D()fFC
5D()fFC
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
离岸

Offshore platforms may also lose oil creating
o
il
s
licks that drift ashore and foul the
beaches harming the environment

10
10
10
10 odor
odor
odor
odor [
[
[
[
5EJdE
5EJdE
5EJdE
5EJdE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
气味

The process by which the nose recognizes
a
n
odor i
s not fully understood but there are
apparently specific receptor sites for specific odors

10
10
10
10 occupy
occupy
occupy
occupy [
[
[
[
5DkjJpaI
5DkjJpaI
5DkjJpaI
5DkjJpaI
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
占
领
3
3
3
3 occupational
occupational
occupational
occupational [
[
[
[
7DkjJ5peIFEnEl
7DkjJ5peIFEnEl
7DkjJ5peIFEnEl
7DkjJ5peIFEnEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
职业

Seen from far away
i
t
i
s easy to realize that landmasses occupy only onethird of the
Earth＇s surface

10
10
10
10 norwegian
norwegian
norwegian
norwegian [
[
[
[
nC5widVEn
nC5widVEn
nC5widVEn
nC5widVEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
挪威




挪威语
adj
adj
adj
adj
挪威




挪威语

T
oday
how
ever the relics of the Caledonian orogeny (mountainbuilding period) exist
as the comparatively low mountains of Greenland the northern Appalachians
i
n
t
he
United States the Scottish Highlands and the Norwegian coastal plateau

10
10
10
10 noticeable
noticeable
noticeable
noticeable [
[
[
[
5nEJtIsEbl
5nEJtIsEbl
5nEJtIsEbl
5nEJtIsEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
引注目

The most noticeable of the petals is called the labellum or lip

10
10
10
10 mixture
mixture
mixture
mixture [
[
[
[
5mIkstFE
5mIkstFE
5mIkstFE
5mIkstFE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
混合




混合物
8
8
8
8 mixing
mixing
mixing
mixing
（
mix[
mix[
mix[
mix[
mIks
mIks
mIks
mIks
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

混合

The women also made
a
c
heeselike substance from
a
m
ixture of fish and roe by agin
g
i
t
i
n
s
torehouses or by burying
i
t
i
n
w
ooden boxes or pits lined with rocks and tree
leaves

10
10
10
10 medium
medium
medium
medium [
[
[
[
5midjEm
5midjEm
5midjEm
5midjEm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
媒体媒介
adj
adj
adj
adj
半生熟




中

Add to this the timidity with which unschooled artisans originally trained as
stonemasons carpenters or cabinetmakers attacked the medium from which they
sculpture made
i
n
t
he United States
i
n
t
he late eighteenth century

10
10
10
10 massive
massive
massive
massive [
[
[
[
5mAsIv
5mAsIv
5mAsIv
5mAsIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
宏伟

Massive waves of immigration brought new ethnic groups into the country

10
10
10
10 margins
margins
margins
margins
（
margin[
margin[
margin[
margin[
5mBdVIn
5mBdVIn
5mBdVIn
5mBdVIn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
页边空白边缘

New oceanic crust is formed along one or more margins of each plate by material
issuing from deeper layers of the Earth＇s crust for example by volcanic eruptions of
lava at midocean ridges
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
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：
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师
Blog
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：
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留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
70
70
70
70
w
hich float
o
n
a
s
oft plastic layer of rock

10
10
10
10 planets
planets
planets
planets
（
planet[
planet[
planet[
planet[
5plAnIt
5plAnIt
5plAnIt
5plAnIt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
行星

This break
i
n
E
arth＇s history is marked by
a
m
ass extinction when as many as half the
species
o
n
t
he planet became extinct

10
10
10
10 phase
phase
phase
phase [
[
[
[
feIz
feIz
feIz
feIz
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
阶段

During this warm phase some 46 billion years ago Europa
’
s
oc
ean may have been
liquid right to the surface making
i
t
a
c
rucible for life

10
10
10
10 partially
partially
partially
partially [
[
[
[
5pBFElI
5pBFElI
5pBFElI
5pBFElI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
部分

But this increased protection is partially counteracted by the fact that mass roosts
attract predators and are especially vulnerable if they are
o
n
t
he ground

10
10
10
10 parasite
parasite
parasite
parasite [
[
[
[
5pArEsaIt
5pArEsaIt
5pArEsaIt
5pArEsaIt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
寄生虫

In the hypersensitive response cells undergo rapid necrosis—that is they become
diseased and die—after being penetrated by
a
pa
rasite the parasite itself subsequently
ceases to grow and is therefore restricted to one or
a
f
ew cells around the entry site

10
10
10
10 panel
panel
panel
panel [
[
[
[
5pAnl
5pAnl
5pAnl
5pAnl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
仪表板

Panel painting common
i
n
t
hirteenthand fourteenthcentury Europe involved
a
pa
instaking laborious process

10
10
10
10 offshore
offshore
offshore
offshore [
[
[
[
5D()fFC
5D()fFC
5D()fFC
5D()fFC
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
离岸

Offshore platforms may also lose oil creating
o
il
s
licks that drift ashore and foul the
beaches harming the environment

10
10
10
10 odor
odor
odor
odor [
[
[
[
5EJdE
5EJdE
5EJdE
5EJdE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
气味

The process by which the nose recognizes
a
n
odor i
s not fully understood but there are
apparently specific receptor sites for specific odors

10
10
10
10 occupy
occupy
occupy
occupy [
[
[
[
5DkjJpaI
5DkjJpaI
5DkjJpaI
5DkjJpaI
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
占
领
3
3
3
3 occupational
occupational
occupational
occupational [
[
[
[
7DkjJ5peIFEnEl
7DkjJ5peIFEnEl
7DkjJ5peIFEnEl
7DkjJ5peIFEnEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
职业

Seen from far away
i
t
i
s easy to realize that landmasses occupy only onethird of the
Earth＇s surface

10
10
10
10 norwegian
norwegian
norwegian
norwegian [
[
[
[
nC5widVEn
nC5widVEn
nC5widVEn
nC5widVEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
挪威




挪威语
adj
adj
adj
adj
挪威




挪威语

T
oday
how
ever the relics of the Caledonian orogeny (mountainbuilding period) exist
as the comparatively low mountains of Greenland the northern Appalachians
i
n
t
he
United States the Scottish Highlands and the Norwegian coastal plateau

10
10
10
10 noticeable
noticeable
noticeable
noticeable [
[
[
[
5nEJtIsEbl
5nEJtIsEbl
5nEJtIsEbl
5nEJtIsEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
引注目

The most noticeable of the petals is called the labellum or lip

10
10
10
10 mixture
mixture
mixture
mixture [
[
[
[
5mIkstFE
5mIkstFE
5mIkstFE
5mIkstFE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
混合




混合物
8
8
8
8 mixing
mixing
mixing
mixing
（
mix[
mix[
mix[
mix[
mIks
mIks
mIks
mIks
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

混合

The women also made
a
c
heeselike substance from
a
m
ixture of fish and roe by agin
g
i
t
i
n
s
torehouses or by burying
i
t
i
n
w
ooden boxes or pits lined with rocks and tree
leaves

10
10
10
10 medium
medium
medium
medium [
[
[
[
5midjEm
5midjEm
5midjEm
5midjEm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
媒体媒介
adj
adj
adj
adj
半生熟




中

Add to this the timidity with which unschooled artisans originally trained as
stonemasons carpenters or cabinetmakers attacked the medium from which they
sculpture made
i
n
t
he United States
i
n
t
he late eighteenth century

10
10
10
10 massive
massive
massive
massive [
[
[
[
5mAsIv
5mAsIv
5mAsIv
5mAsIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
宏伟

Massive waves of immigration brought new ethnic groups into the country

10
10
10
10 margins
margins
margins
margins
（
margin[
margin[
margin[
margin[
5mBdVIn
5mBdVIn
5mBdVIn
5mBdVIn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
页边空白边缘

New oceanic crust is formed along one or more margins of each plate by material
issuing from deeper layers of the Earth＇s crust for example by volcanic eruptions of
lava at midocean ridges
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
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英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
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：
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留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
71
71
71
71
10
10
10
10 l
ogging
logging
logging
logging
（
log[
log[
log[
log[
lD^
lD^
lD^
lD^
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
伐
木
n
n
n
n
圆木日志

Great tracts of lowland country deforested by logging fire or both have become idea
l
f
eeding grounds of deer

10
10
10
10 legislation
legislation
legislation
legislation [
[
[
[
7ledVIs5leIFEn
7ledVIs5leIFEn
7ledVIs5leIFEn
7ledVIs5leIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
立法

They were much more likely to favor socialreform legislation and aid to education

老
师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
10
10
10
10 latter
latter
latter
latter [
[
[
[
5lAtE
5lAtE
5lAtE
5lAtE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
较

The principal difference between urban growth
i
n
E
urope and
i
n
t
he American colonies
was the slow evolution of cities
i
n
t
he former and their rapid growth
i
n
t
he latter

10
10
10
10 latitudes
latitudes
latitudes
latitudes
（
latitude[
latitude[
latitude[
latitude[
5lAtItjud
5lAtItjud
5lAtItjud
5lAtItjud
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
纬度

This is particularly true for trees
i
n
t
he middle and upper latitudes which tend to attai
n
gr
eater heights
o
n
r
idges whereas
i
n
t
he tropics the trees reach their greater heights
i
n
t
he valleys

10
10
10
10 invented
invented
invented
invented
（
invent[
invent[
invent[
invent[
In5vent
In5vent
In5vent
In5vent
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
发
明
10
10
10
10 inventors
inventors
inventors
inventors
（
inventor[
inventor[
inventor[
inventor[
In5ventE(r)
In5ventE(r)
In5ventE(r)
In5ventE(r)
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
发明家
8
8
8
8 inventions
inventions
inventions
inventions
（
invention[
invention[
invention[
invention[
In5venFEn
In5venFEn
In5venFEn
In5venFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
发明

This atmospheric engine invented by Thomas Savery and vastly improved by his
partner
．

10
10
10
10 i
nteraction
interaction
interaction
interaction [
[
[
[
7IntEr5AkFEn
7IntEr5AkFEn
7IntEr5AkFEn
7IntEr5AkFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
交互作
3
3
3
3 interact
interact
interact
interact [
[
[
[
7IntEr5Akt
7IntEr5Akt
7IntEr5Akt
7IntEr5Akt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
互
动

New evidence suggests that rather than being isolated Pacific islanders engaged
i
n
t
rade and social interaction with peoples living
i
n
S
outheast Asia

10
10
10
10 instance
instance
instance
instance [
[
[
[
5InstEns
5InstEns
5InstEns
5InstEns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
例证
v

v
v
v
引
例

In many instances the specimens are less than onetenth of
a
m
illimeter
i
n
di
ameter

10
10
10
10 i
nnovations
innovations
innovations
innovations
（
innovation[
innovation[
innovation[
innovation[
7InEJ5veIFEn
7InEJ5veIFEn
7InEJ5veIFEn
7InEJ5veIFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
革新
7
7
7
7 innovative
innovative
innovative
innovative [
[
[
[
`InEJveItIv
`InEJveItIv
`InEJveItIv
`InEJveItIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
创新

Over the course of the history of building innovations
i
n
m
aterial and methods of
construction have given architects ever greater freedom to express themselves

10
10
10
10 immune
immune
immune
immune [
[
[
[
I5mjun
I5mjun
I5mjun
I5mjun
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
免疫

Variously known as buffalo grass grama grass or mesquite grass not only were they
immune to drought but they were actually preserved by the lack of summer and
autumn rains

10
10
10
10 holes
holes
holes
holes
（
hole[
hole[
hole[
hole[
hEJl
hEJl
hEJl
hEJl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
洞

They contained niches for ceremonial objects
a
c
entral fire pit and holes
i
n
t
he floor
for communicating with the spirits of tribal ancestors

10
10
10
10 hinterland
hinterland
hinterland
hinterland [
[
[
[
5hIntElAnd
5hIntElAnd
5hIntElAnd
5hIntElAnd
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
陆

The quality of the hinterland dictated the pace of growth of the cities

10
10
10
10 himalayas
himalayas
himalayas
himalayas [
[
[
[
7hImE5leIEz
7hImE5leIEz
7hImE5leIEz
7hImE5leIEz
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
喜马拉雅山脉

The highest plants
i
n
t
he world occur at around 6100 meters
o
n
M
akalu
i
n
t
he
Himalayas

10
10
10
10 harlem
harlem
harlem
harlem n
n
n
n
黑住宅区

The district
i
n
N
ew
Y
ork
C
ity know as Harlem was the capital of the movement

10
10
10
10 greek
greek
greek
greek [
[
[
[
^rik
^rik
^rik
^rik
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
希腊

The stone carried the same message written
i
n
a
ncient Greek Egyptian hieroglyphs
and Egyptian hieratic
a
s
implified form of hieroglyphs

10
10
10
10 freight
freight
freight
freight [
[
[
[
freIt
freIt
freIt
freIt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
货运

After the Civil War (18611865) as ice was used to refrigerate freight cars
i
t
a
lso
came into household use
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
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红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
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Toefl
词汇红宝书
71
71
71
71
10
10
10
10 l
ogging
logging
logging
logging
（
log[
log[
log[
log[
lD^
lD^
lD^
lD^
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
伐
木
n
n
n
n
圆木日志

Great tracts of lowland country deforested by logging fire or both have become idea
l
f
eeding grounds of deer

10
10
10
10 legislation
legislation
legislation
legislation [
[
[
[
7ledVIs5leIFEn
7ledVIs5leIFEn
7ledVIs5leIFEn
7ledVIs5leIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
立法

They were much more likely to favor socialreform legislation and aid to education

老
师
Blog
：
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留学英语前线
10
10
10
10 latter
latter
latter
latter [
[
[
[
5lAtE
5lAtE
5lAtE
5lAtE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
较

The principal difference between urban growth
i
n
E
urope and
i
n
t
he American colonies
was the slow evolution of cities
i
n
t
he former and their rapid growth
i
n
t
he latter

10
10
10
10 latitudes
latitudes
latitudes
latitudes
（
latitude[
latitude[
latitude[
latitude[
5lAtItjud
5lAtItjud
5lAtItjud
5lAtItjud
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
纬度

This is particularly true for trees
i
n
t
he middle and upper latitudes which tend to attai
n
gr
eater heights
o
n
r
idges whereas
i
n
t
he tropics the trees reach their greater heights
i
n
t
he valleys

10
10
10
10 invented
invented
invented
invented
（
invent[
invent[
invent[
invent[
In5vent
In5vent
In5vent
In5vent
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
发
明
10
10
10
10 inventors
inventors
inventors
inventors
（
inventor[
inventor[
inventor[
inventor[
In5ventE(r)
In5ventE(r)
In5ventE(r)
In5ventE(r)
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
发明家
8
8
8
8 inventions
inventions
inventions
inventions
（
invention[
invention[
invention[
invention[
In5venFEn
In5venFEn
In5venFEn
In5venFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
发明

This atmospheric engine invented by Thomas Savery and vastly improved by his
partner
．

10
10
10
10 i
nteraction
interaction
interaction
interaction [
[
[
[
7IntEr5AkFEn
7IntEr5AkFEn
7IntEr5AkFEn
7IntEr5AkFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
交互作
3
3
3
3 interact
interact
interact
interact [
[
[
[
7IntEr5Akt
7IntEr5Akt
7IntEr5Akt
7IntEr5Akt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
互
动

New evidence suggests that rather than being isolated Pacific islanders engaged
i
n
t
rade and social interaction with peoples living
i
n
S
outheast Asia

10
10
10
10 instance
instance
instance
instance [
[
[
[
5InstEns
5InstEns
5InstEns
5InstEns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
例证
v

v
v
v
引
例

In many instances the specimens are less than onetenth of
a
m
illimeter
i
n
di
ameter

10
10
10
10 i
nnovations
innovations
innovations
innovations
（
innovation[
innovation[
innovation[
innovation[
7InEJ5veIFEn
7InEJ5veIFEn
7InEJ5veIFEn
7InEJ5veIFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
革新
7
7
7
7 innovative
innovative
innovative
innovative [
[
[
[
`InEJveItIv
`InEJveItIv
`InEJveItIv
`InEJveItIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
创新

Over the course of the history of building innovations
i
n
m
aterial and methods of
construction have given architects ever greater freedom to express themselves

10
10
10
10 immune
immune
immune
immune [
[
[
[
I5mjun
I5mjun
I5mjun
I5mjun
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
免疫

Variously known as buffalo grass grama grass or mesquite grass not only were they
immune to drought but they were actually preserved by the lack of summer and
autumn rains

10
10
10
10 holes
holes
holes
holes
（
hole[
hole[
hole[
hole[
hEJl
hEJl
hEJl
hEJl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
洞

They contained niches for ceremonial objects
a
c
entral fire pit and holes
i
n
t
he floor
for communicating with the spirits of tribal ancestors

10
10
10
10 hinterland
hinterland
hinterland
hinterland [
[
[
[
5hIntElAnd
5hIntElAnd
5hIntElAnd
5hIntElAnd
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
陆

The quality of the hinterland dictated the pace of growth of the cities

10
10
10
10 himalayas
himalayas
himalayas
himalayas [
[
[
[
7hImE5leIEz
7hImE5leIEz
7hImE5leIEz
7hImE5leIEz
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
喜马拉雅山脉

The highest plants
i
n
t
he world occur at around 6100 meters
o
n
M
akalu
i
n
t
he
Himalayas

10
10
10
10 harlem
harlem
harlem
harlem n
n
n
n
黑住宅区

The district
i
n
N
ew
Y
ork
C
ity know as Harlem was the capital of the movement

10
10
10
10 greek
greek
greek
greek [
[
[
[
^rik
^rik
^rik
^rik
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
希腊

The stone carried the same message written
i
n
a
ncient Greek Egyptian hieroglyphs
and Egyptian hieratic
a
s
implified form of hieroglyphs

10
10
10
10 freight
freight
freight
freight [
[
[
[
freIt
freIt
freIt
freIt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
货运

After the Civil War (18611865) as ice was used to refrigerate freight cars
i
t
a
lso
came into household use
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
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：
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词汇红宝书
72
72
72
72
10
10
10
10 f
ragile
fragile
fragile
fragile [
[
[
[
5frAdVaIl
5frAdVaIl
5frAdVaIl
5frAdVaIl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
易碎

In that case climax communities would be the most fragile and the least stable since
they can require hundreds of years to return to the climax state

10
10
10
10 forage
forage
forage
forage [
[
[
[
5fDrIdV
5fDrIdV
5fDrIdV
5fDrIdV
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
饲料
4
4
4
4 foragers
foragers
foragers
foragers
（
forager[
forager[
forager[
forager[
`fDrIdVE(r)
`fDrIdVE(r)
`fDrIdVE(r)
`fDrIdVE(r)
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
强征者

During the day parties of birds will have spread out to forage over
a
v
ery large area

10
10
10
10 f
orecasting
forecasting
forecasting
forecasting
（
forecast[
forecast[
forecast[
forecast[
5fCkBst
5fCkBst
5fCkBst
5fCkBst
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
预
报

As meteorologists have begun using these new technologies
i
n
w
eather forecasting
offices Nowcasting is becoming
a
r
eality

10
10
10
10 flourished
flourished
flourished
flourished
（
flourish[
flourish[
flourish[
flourish[
5flQrIF
5flQrIF
5flQrIF
5flQrIF
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
繁
荣

Boston Philadelphia New York Montreal and other cities flourished and as the
colonies grew these cities increased
i
n
i
mportance

10
10
10
10 flexible
flexible
flexible
flexible [
[
[
[
5fleksEbl
5fleksEbl
5fleksEbl
5fleksEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
易曲




柔软

In the mid1700s James
W
att
t
ransformed
a
n
i
nefficient steam pump into
a
f
ast

flexible

fuelefficient engine

10
10
10
10 finches
finches
finches
finches
（
finch[
finch[
finch[
finch[
fIntF
fIntF
fIntF
fIntF
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
雀类

Two species of these finches named for the way the upper and lower parts of their
bills cross rather than meet
i
n
t
he middle reside
i
n
t
he evergreen forests of North
America and feed
o
n
t
he seeds held within the cones of coniferous trees

10
10
10
10 equal
equal
equal
equal [
[
[
[
5ikwEl
5ikwEl
5ikwEl
5ikwEl
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
等

adj
adj
adj
adj
相等
9
9
9
9 equally
equally
equally
equally [
[
[
[
5ikwElI
5ikwElI
5ikwElI
5ikwElI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
相等

The pressure of the gases being breathed must equal the external pressure applied to
the body otherwise breathing is very difficult

10
10
10
10 encounter
encounter
encounter
encounter [
[
[
[
In5kaJntE
In5kaJntE
In5kaJntE
In5kaJntE
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
遇
见

In the 1600＇s when the Spanish moved into what later was to become the southwester
n
U
nited States they encountered the ancestors of the modernday Pueblo Hopi and
Zuni peoples

10
10
10
10 enclose
enclose
enclose
enclose [
[
[
[
In5klEJz
In5klEJz
In5klEJz
In5klEJz
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
围
绕




装入

Architects
i
n
e
arlier times did not have enough building materials to enclose large
spaces

10
10
10
10 embryo
embryo
embryo
embryo [
[
[
[
5embrIEJ
5embrIEJ
5embrIEJ
5embrIEJ
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
胚胎

Similarly these boxes should be protected from direct sunlight to avoid high
temperatures that are also fatal to the growing embryo

10
10
10
10 eliminate
eliminate
eliminate
eliminate [
[
[
[
I5lImIneIt
I5lImIneIt
I5lImIneIt
I5lImIneIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v



The engine eliminated water
i
n
t
he mines by driving efficient pumps which made
possible deeper and deeper mining

10
10
10
10 earthquakes
earthquakes
earthquakes
earthquakes
（
earthquake[
earthquake[
earthquake[
earthquake[
5＼WkweIk
5＼WkweIk
5＼WkweIk
5＼WkweIk
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
震

Other mountains may be raised by earthquakes which fracture the Earth＇s crust and
can displace enough rock to produce block mountains

10
10
10
10 detect
detect
detect
detect [
[
[
[
dI5tekt
dI5tekt
dI5tekt
dI5tekt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
察
觉侦查
3
3
3
3 detectable
detectable
detectable
detectable [
[
[
[
dI`tektEbl
dI`tektEbl
dI`tektEbl
dI`tektEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
发觉

These experiments were designed to detect consciousnessthat is signs of self
awareness or selfrecognitionin animals other than humans

10
10
10
10 cosmic
cosmic
cosmic
cosmic [
[
[
[
5kDzmIk
5kDzmIk
5kDzmIk
5kDzmIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
宇宙

Cosmic jets have ranked among the hottest topics of astronomical research
i
n
r
ecent
years as astronomers strive to understand where they come from

10
10
10
10 convert
convert
convert
convert [
[
[
[
kEn5v＼t
kEn5v＼t
kEn5v＼t
kEn5v＼t
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
转
变转换老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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：
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
72
72
72
72
10
10
10
10 f
ragile
fragile
fragile
fragile [
[
[
[
5frAdVaIl
5frAdVaIl
5frAdVaIl
5frAdVaIl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
易碎

In that case climax communities would be the most fragile and the least stable since
they can require hundreds of years to return to the climax state

10
10
10
10 forage
forage
forage
forage [
[
[
[
5fDrIdV
5fDrIdV
5fDrIdV
5fDrIdV
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
饲料
4
4
4
4 foragers
foragers
foragers
foragers
（
forager[
forager[
forager[
forager[
`fDrIdVE(r)
`fDrIdVE(r)
`fDrIdVE(r)
`fDrIdVE(r)
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
强征者

During the day parties of birds will have spread out to forage over
a
v
ery large area

10
10
10
10 f
orecasting
forecasting
forecasting
forecasting
（
forecast[
forecast[
forecast[
forecast[
5fCkBst
5fCkBst
5fCkBst
5fCkBst
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
预
报

As meteorologists have begun using these new technologies
i
n
w
eather forecasting
offices Nowcasting is becoming
a
r
eality

10
10
10
10 flourished
flourished
flourished
flourished
（
flourish[
flourish[
flourish[
flourish[
5flQrIF
5flQrIF
5flQrIF
5flQrIF
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
繁
荣

Boston Philadelphia New York Montreal and other cities flourished and as the
colonies grew these cities increased
i
n
i
mportance

10
10
10
10 flexible
flexible
flexible
flexible [
[
[
[
5fleksEbl
5fleksEbl
5fleksEbl
5fleksEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
易曲




柔软

In the mid1700s James
W
att
t
ransformed
a
n
i
nefficient steam pump into
a
f
ast

flexible

fuelefficient engine

10
10
10
10 finches
finches
finches
finches
（
finch[
finch[
finch[
finch[
fIntF
fIntF
fIntF
fIntF
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
雀类

Two species of these finches named for the way the upper and lower parts of their
bills cross rather than meet
i
n
t
he middle reside
i
n
t
he evergreen forests of North
America and feed
o
n
t
he seeds held within the cones of coniferous trees

10
10
10
10 equal
equal
equal
equal [
[
[
[
5ikwEl
5ikwEl
5ikwEl
5ikwEl
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
等

adj
adj
adj
adj
相等
9
9
9
9 equally
equally
equally
equally [
[
[
[
5ikwElI
5ikwElI
5ikwElI
5ikwElI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
相等

The pressure of the gases being breathed must equal the external pressure applied to
the body otherwise breathing is very difficult

10
10
10
10 encounter
encounter
encounter
encounter [
[
[
[
In5kaJntE
In5kaJntE
In5kaJntE
In5kaJntE
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
遇
见

In the 1600＇s when the Spanish moved into what later was to become the southwester
n
U
nited States they encountered the ancestors of the modernday Pueblo Hopi and
Zuni peoples

10
10
10
10 enclose
enclose
enclose
enclose [
[
[
[
In5klEJz
In5klEJz
In5klEJz
In5klEJz
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
围
绕




装入

Architects
i
n
e
arlier times did not have enough building materials to enclose large
spaces

10
10
10
10 embryo
embryo
embryo
embryo [
[
[
[
5embrIEJ
5embrIEJ
5embrIEJ
5embrIEJ
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
胚胎

Similarly these boxes should be protected from direct sunlight to avoid high
temperatures that are also fatal to the growing embryo

10
10
10
10 eliminate
eliminate
eliminate
eliminate [
[
[
[
I5lImIneIt
I5lImIneIt
I5lImIneIt
I5lImIneIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v



The engine eliminated water
i
n
t
he mines by driving efficient pumps which made
possible deeper and deeper mining

10
10
10
10 earthquakes
earthquakes
earthquakes
earthquakes
（
earthquake[
earthquake[
earthquake[
earthquake[
5＼WkweIk
5＼WkweIk
5＼WkweIk
5＼WkweIk
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
震

Other mountains may be raised by earthquakes which fracture the Earth＇s crust and
can displace enough rock to produce block mountains

10
10
10
10 detect
detect
detect
detect [
[
[
[
dI5tekt
dI5tekt
dI5tekt
dI5tekt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
察
觉侦查
3
3
3
3 detectable
detectable
detectable
detectable [
[
[
[
dI`tektEbl
dI`tektEbl
dI`tektEbl
dI`tektEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
发觉

These experiments were designed to detect consciousnessthat is signs of self
awareness or selfrecognitionin animals other than humans

10
10
10
10 cosmic
cosmic
cosmic
cosmic [
[
[
[
5kDzmIk
5kDzmIk
5kDzmIk
5kDzmIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
宇宙

Cosmic jets have ranked among the hottest topics of astronomical research
i
n
r
ecent
years as astronomers strive to understand where they come from

10
10
10
10 convert
convert
convert
convert [
[
[
[
kEn5v＼t
kEn5v＼t
kEn5v＼t
kEn5v＼t
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
转
变转换老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
73
73
73
73

I
n the 1760s James
W
att
pe
rfected
a
s
eparate condenser for the steam so that the
cylinder did not have to be cooled at every stroke

then he devised
a
w
ay to make the
piston turn
a
w
heel and thus convert reciprocating (back and forth) motion into rotary
motion

10
10
10
10 confined
confined
confined
confined
（
confine[
confine[
confine[
confine[
5kDnfaIn
5kDnfaIn
5kDnfaIn
5kDnfaIn
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
限
制

Upper Paleolithic art was not confined to cave paintings

10
10
10
10 collide
collide
collide
collide [
[
[
[
kE5laId
kE5laId
kE5laId
kE5laId
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
碰
撞

When two plates carrying continents collide the continental blocks too light to be
drawn down continue to float and therefore buckle to form
a
m
ountain chain along the
length of the margin of the plates

10
10
10
10 chips
chips
chips
chips
（
chip[
chip[
chip[
chip[
tFIp
tFIp
tFIp
tFIp
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
屑片瑕疵

This theory is suggested by evidence of chips
i
n
t
he painted figures perhaps made by
spears thrown at the drawings

10
10
10
10 capacity
capacity
capacity
capacity [
[
[
[
kE5pAsItI
kE5pAsItI
kE5pAsItI
kE5pAsItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
容量






One is that people＇s capacity to outwit other species not their aggressiveness appears
to be the dominant factor
i
n
hum
an survival

10
10
10
10 canoes
canoes
canoes
canoes
（
canoe[
canoe[
canoe[
canoe[
kE5nu
kE5nu
kE5nu
kE5nu
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
独木舟

Just as important the culture also possessed the basic foundation for
a
n
e
ffective
maritime adaptation including outrigger canoes and
a
v
ariety of fishing techniques that
could be effective for overseas voyaging

10
10
10
10 candidates
candidates
candidates
candidates
（
candidate[
candidate[
candidate[
candidate[
5kAndIdIt
5kAndIdIt
5kAndIdIt
5kAndIdIt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
候选

By giving citizens independent access to the candidates television diminished the role
of the political party
i
n
t
he selection of the major party candidates

10
10
10
10 butterflies
butterflies
butterflies
butterflies
（
butterfly[
butterfly[
butterfly[
butterfly[
5bQtEflaI
5bQtEflaI
5bQtEflaI
5bQtEflaI
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
蝴蝶

The New World butterflies make up the preponderance of examples because they are
the most familiar species

老师
Blog
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10
10
10
10 bubbles
bubbles
bubbles
bubbles
（
bubble[
bubble[
bubble[
bubble[
5bQbl
5bQbl
5bQbl
5bQbl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
泡沫

Most crystalline rocks are much more solid
a
c
ommon exception is basalt
a
f
orm of
solidified volcanic lava which is sometimes full of tiny bubbles that make
i
t
v
ery
porous

10
10
10
10 bronze
bronze
bronze
bronze [
[
[
[
brDnz
brDnz
brDnz
brDnz
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
青铜

For example
i
n
t
he early Italian Renaissance bronze statues of horses with
a
r
aised
foreleg usually had
a
c
annonball under that hoof

10
10
10
10 bills
bills
bills
bills
（
bill[
bill[
bill[
bill[
bIl
bIl
bIl
bIl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
帐单鸟嘴
v

v
v
v





开
帐单

In the world of birds bill design is
a
pr
ime example of evolutionary finetuning

10
10
10
10 beams
beams
beams
beams
（
beam[
beam[
beam[
beam[
bim
bim
bim
bim
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
横梁
v

v
v
v

射

The doorways and windows are made possible by placing over the open spaces thick
stone beams that support the weight from above

10
10
10
10 bake
bake
bake
bake [
[
[
[
beIk
beIk
beIk
beIk
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
烤

T
he vessels were covered with Fastburning wood as
i
t
bur
ned the ashes would
a
ll
a
round the pots and bake them evenly over
a
f
ew hours

10
10
10
10 attained
attained
attained
attained
（
attain[
attain[
attain[
attain[
E5teIn
E5teIn
E5teIn
E5teIn
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
达
获

Far higher temperatures were attained
i
n
s
pecial ovens known as kilns which would
not only bake the clay and remove its plasticity but also dissolve carbons and iron
compounds

10
10
10
10 appreciate
appreciate
appreciate
appreciate [
[
[
[
E5priFIeIt
E5priFIeIt
E5priFIeIt
E5priFIeIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
赏
识感激
3
3
3
3 appreciation
appreciation
appreciation
appreciation [
[
[
[
E7priFI5eIFEn
E7priFI5eIFEn
E7priFI5eIFEn
E7priFI5eIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
赏识感激
3
3
3
3 appreciable
appreciable
appreciable
appreciable [
[
[
[
E5priFIEbl
E5priFIEbl
E5priFIEbl
E5priFIEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
感知老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
73
73
73
73

I
n the 1760s James
W
att
pe
rfected
a
s
eparate condenser for the steam so that the
cylinder did not have to be cooled at every stroke

then he devised
a
w
ay to make the
piston turn
a
w
heel and thus convert reciprocating (back and forth) motion into rotary
motion

10
10
10
10 confined
confined
confined
confined
（
confine[
confine[
confine[
confine[
5kDnfaIn
5kDnfaIn
5kDnfaIn
5kDnfaIn
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
限
制

Upper Paleolithic art was not confined to cave paintings

10
10
10
10 collide
collide
collide
collide [
[
[
[
kE5laId
kE5laId
kE5laId
kE5laId
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
碰
撞

When two plates carrying continents collide the continental blocks too light to be
drawn down continue to float and therefore buckle to form
a
m
ountain chain along the
length of the margin of the plates

10
10
10
10 chips
chips
chips
chips
（
chip[
chip[
chip[
chip[
tFIp
tFIp
tFIp
tFIp
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
屑片瑕疵

This theory is suggested by evidence of chips
i
n
t
he painted figures perhaps made by
spears thrown at the drawings

10
10
10
10 capacity
capacity
capacity
capacity [
[
[
[
kE5pAsItI
kE5pAsItI
kE5pAsItI
kE5pAsItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
容量






One is that people＇s capacity to outwit other species not their aggressiveness appears
to be the dominant factor
i
n
hum
an survival

10
10
10
10 canoes
canoes
canoes
canoes
（
canoe[
canoe[
canoe[
canoe[
kE5nu
kE5nu
kE5nu
kE5nu
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
独木舟

Just as important the culture also possessed the basic foundation for
a
n
e
ffective
maritime adaptation including outrigger canoes and
a
v
ariety of fishing techniques that
could be effective for overseas voyaging

10
10
10
10 candidates
candidates
candidates
candidates
（
candidate[
candidate[
candidate[
candidate[
5kAndIdIt
5kAndIdIt
5kAndIdIt
5kAndIdIt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
候选

By giving citizens independent access to the candidates television diminished the role
of the political party
i
n
t
he selection of the major party candidates

10
10
10
10 butterflies
butterflies
butterflies
butterflies
（
butterfly[
butterfly[
butterfly[
butterfly[
5bQtEflaI
5bQtEflaI
5bQtEflaI
5bQtEflaI
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
蝴蝶

The New World butterflies make up the preponderance of examples because they are
the most familiar species

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
10
10
10
10 bubbles
bubbles
bubbles
bubbles
（
bubble[
bubble[
bubble[
bubble[
5bQbl
5bQbl
5bQbl
5bQbl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
泡沫

Most crystalline rocks are much more solid
a
c
ommon exception is basalt
a
f
orm of
solidified volcanic lava which is sometimes full of tiny bubbles that make
i
t
v
ery
porous

10
10
10
10 bronze
bronze
bronze
bronze [
[
[
[
brDnz
brDnz
brDnz
brDnz
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
青铜

For example
i
n
t
he early Italian Renaissance bronze statues of horses with
a
r
aised
foreleg usually had
a
c
annonball under that hoof

10
10
10
10 bills
bills
bills
bills
（
bill[
bill[
bill[
bill[
bIl
bIl
bIl
bIl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
帐单鸟嘴
v

v
v
v





开
帐单

In the world of birds bill design is
a
pr
ime example of evolutionary finetuning

10
10
10
10 beams
beams
beams
beams
（
beam[
beam[
beam[
beam[
bim
bim
bim
bim
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
横梁
v

v
v
v

射

The doorways and windows are made possible by placing over the open spaces thick
stone beams that support the weight from above

10
10
10
10 bake
bake
bake
bake [
[
[
[
beIk
beIk
beIk
beIk
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
烤

T
he vessels were covered with Fastburning wood as
i
t
bur
ned the ashes would
a
ll
a
round the pots and bake them evenly over
a
f
ew hours

10
10
10
10 attained
attained
attained
attained
（
attain[
attain[
attain[
attain[
E5teIn
E5teIn
E5teIn
E5teIn
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
达
获

Far higher temperatures were attained
i
n
s
pecial ovens known as kilns which would
not only bake the clay and remove its plasticity but also dissolve carbons and iron
compounds

10
10
10
10 appreciate
appreciate
appreciate
appreciate [
[
[
[
E5priFIeIt
E5priFIeIt
E5priFIeIt
E5priFIeIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
赏
识感激
3
3
3
3 appreciation
appreciation
appreciation
appreciation [
[
[
[
E7priFI5eIFEn
E7priFI5eIFEn
E7priFI5eIFEn
E7priFI5eIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
赏识感激
3
3
3
3 appreciable
appreciable
appreciable
appreciable [
[
[
[
E5priFIEbl
E5priFIEbl
E5priFIEbl
E5priFIEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
感知老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
74
74
74
74

T
o
a
ppreciated fully the diversity and abundance of life
i
n
t
he sea
i
t
he
lps to think
small

10
10
10
10 aid
aid
aid
aid [
[
[
[
eId
eId
eId
eId
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
帮助
v

v
v
v
帮
助

T
o
not
e
a
n
e
xceptional piece of art constructed without the aid of technology

10
10
10
10 agents
agents
agents
agents
（
agent[
agent[
agent[
agent[
5eIdVEnt
5eIdVEnt
5eIdVEnt
5eIdVEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
代理

The weather
i
n
i
ts many forms is the main agent of erosion

9
9
9
9 withstand
withstand
withstand
withstand [
[
[
[
wIT5stAnd
wIT5stAnd
wIT5stAnd
wIT5stAnd
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v

住

They are designed to withstand the forces of compression (pushing together) tension
(pulling apart) bending or
a
c
ombination of these
i
n
di
fferent parts of the structure

9
9
9
9 vision
vision
vision
vision [
[
[
[
5vIVEn
5vIVEn
5vIVEn
5vIVEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
视觉眼光

The agricultural potential of the area was enormous if water for irrigation could be
found and the city founders had the vision and dating to obtain
i
t
by c
onstructing
a
225
m
ile aqueduct completed
i
n
1913 t
o tap the water of the Owens River

9
9
9
9 valued
valued
valued
valued
（
value[
value[
value[
value[
5vAlju jJ
5vAlju jJ
5vAlju jJ
5vAlju jJ
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
价值价格
v

v
v
v
评
价做

Why did theater develop and why was
i
t
v
alued after
i
t
c
eased to fulfill the function of
ritual

9
9
9
9 urge
urge
urge
urge [
[
[
[
＼dV
＼dV
＼dV
＼dV
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
催
促强烈求

In time the increasing complexity of Neolithic societies led to the development of
writing prompted by the need to keep records and later by the urge to chronicle
experiences learning and beliefs

9
9
9
9 turnpikes
turnpikes
turnpikes
turnpikes
（
turnpike
turnpike
turnpike
turnpike
）
n
n
n
n
公路

The pioneer
i
n
t
his move was the state of Pennsylvania which chartered
a
c
ompany i
n
1792 t
o construct
a
t
urnpike
a
r
oad for the use of which
a
t
oll or payment is collected
from Philadelphia to Lancaster

9
9
9
9 tides
tides
tides
tides
（
tide[
tide[
tide[
tide[
taId
taId
taId
taId
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
潮

The tides
o
n
E
uropa pull and relax
i
n an
e
ndless cycle

9
9
9
9 termites
termites
termites
termites
（
termite[
termite[
termite[
termite[
5t＼maIt
5t＼maIt
5t＼maIt
5t＼maIt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
白蚁

Chimpanzees use sticks and poles to bring out ants and termites from their hiding
places

9
9
9
9 succession
succession
succession
succession [
[
[
[
sEk5seFEn
sEk5seFEn
sEk5seFEn
sEk5seFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
连续继承
8
8
8
8 successive
successive
successive
successive [
[
[
[
sEk5sesIv
sEk5sesIv
sEk5sesIv
sEk5sesIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
连续
6
6
6
6 successional
successional
successional
successional adj
adj
adj
adj
接连

It was actually
a
pr
inciple of floral succession as well because plants showed the same
transformation through time as did fauna

9
9
9
9 strain
strain
strain
strain [
[
[
[
streIn
streIn
streIn
streIn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
压力张力
v

v
v
v
拉
紧

Before barbed wire came into general use fencing was often made from serrated wire
which was unsatisfactory because
i
t
br
oke easily when under strain and could snap
i
n
c
old weather due to contraction

9
9
9
9 storms
storms
storms
storms
（
storm[
storm[
storm[
storm[
stCm
stCm
stCm
stCm
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
暴风雨

During huge magnetic storms oxygen atoms also undergo high energy excitation and
emit
a
c
rimson light

9
9
9
9 stamp
stamp
stamp
stamp [
[
[
[
stAmp
stAmp
stAmp
stAmp
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
邮票印
v

v
v
v
贴
邮票 毁掉

Besides the stamp covered only delivery to the post office and did not include
carrying
i
t
t
o
a
pr
ivate address

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9
9
9
9 stiff
stiff
stiff
stiff [
[
[
[
stIf
stIf
stIf
stIf
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
僵直
3
3
3
3 stiffen
stiffen
stiffen
stiffen [
[
[
[
5stIfn
5stIfn
5stIfn
5stIfn
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v

坚硬

Others depended primarily
o
n
c
oiling
a
pr
ocess
i
n
w
hich
a
c
ontinuous coil of stiff
material is held
i
n
t
he desired shape with tight wrapping of flexible strands
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
74
74
74
74

T
o
a
ppreciated fully the diversity and abundance of life
i
n
t
he sea
i
t
he
lps to think
small

10
10
10
10 aid
aid
aid
aid [
[
[
[
eId
eId
eId
eId
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
帮助
v

v
v
v
帮
助

T
o
not
e
a
n
e
xceptional piece of art constructed without the aid of technology

10
10
10
10 agents
agents
agents
agents
（
agent[
agent[
agent[
agent[
5eIdVEnt
5eIdVEnt
5eIdVEnt
5eIdVEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
代理

The weather
i
n
i
ts many forms is the main agent of erosion

9
9
9
9 withstand
withstand
withstand
withstand [
[
[
[
wIT5stAnd
wIT5stAnd
wIT5stAnd
wIT5stAnd
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v

住

They are designed to withstand the forces of compression (pushing together) tension
(pulling apart) bending or
a
c
ombination of these
i
n
di
fferent parts of the structure

9
9
9
9 vision
vision
vision
vision [
[
[
[
5vIVEn
5vIVEn
5vIVEn
5vIVEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
视觉眼光

The agricultural potential of the area was enormous if water for irrigation could be
found and the city founders had the vision and dating to obtain
i
t
by c
onstructing
a
225
m
ile aqueduct completed
i
n
1913 t
o tap the water of the Owens River

9
9
9
9 valued
valued
valued
valued
（
value[
value[
value[
value[
5vAlju jJ
5vAlju jJ
5vAlju jJ
5vAlju jJ
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
价值价格
v

v
v
v
评
价做

Why did theater develop and why was
i
t
v
alued after
i
t
c
eased to fulfill the function of
ritual

9
9
9
9 urge
urge
urge
urge [
[
[
[
＼dV
＼dV
＼dV
＼dV
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
催
促强烈求

In time the increasing complexity of Neolithic societies led to the development of
writing prompted by the need to keep records and later by the urge to chronicle
experiences learning and beliefs

9
9
9
9 turnpikes
turnpikes
turnpikes
turnpikes
（
turnpike
turnpike
turnpike
turnpike
）
n
n
n
n
公路

The pioneer
i
n
t
his move was the state of Pennsylvania which chartered
a
c
ompany i
n
1792 t
o construct
a
t
urnpike
a
r
oad for the use of which
a
t
oll or payment is collected
from Philadelphia to Lancaster

9
9
9
9 tides
tides
tides
tides
（
tide[
tide[
tide[
tide[
taId
taId
taId
taId
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
潮

The tides
o
n
E
uropa pull and relax
i
n an
e
ndless cycle

9
9
9
9 termites
termites
termites
termites
（
termite[
termite[
termite[
termite[
5t＼maIt
5t＼maIt
5t＼maIt
5t＼maIt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
白蚁

Chimpanzees use sticks and poles to bring out ants and termites from their hiding
places

9
9
9
9 succession
succession
succession
succession [
[
[
[
sEk5seFEn
sEk5seFEn
sEk5seFEn
sEk5seFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
连续继承
8
8
8
8 successive
successive
successive
successive [
[
[
[
sEk5sesIv
sEk5sesIv
sEk5sesIv
sEk5sesIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
连续
6
6
6
6 successional
successional
successional
successional adj
adj
adj
adj
接连

It was actually
a
pr
inciple of floral succession as well because plants showed the same
transformation through time as did fauna

9
9
9
9 strain
strain
strain
strain [
[
[
[
streIn
streIn
streIn
streIn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
压力张力
v

v
v
v
拉
紧

Before barbed wire came into general use fencing was often made from serrated wire
which was unsatisfactory because
i
t
br
oke easily when under strain and could snap
i
n
c
old weather due to contraction

9
9
9
9 storms
storms
storms
storms
（
storm[
storm[
storm[
storm[
stCm
stCm
stCm
stCm
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
暴风雨

During huge magnetic storms oxygen atoms also undergo high energy excitation and
emit
a
c
rimson light

9
9
9
9 stamp
stamp
stamp
stamp [
[
[
[
stAmp
stAmp
stAmp
stAmp
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
邮票印
v

v
v
v
贴
邮票 毁掉

Besides the stamp covered only delivery to the post office and did not include
carrying
i
t
t
o
a
pr
ivate address

老师
Blog
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9
9
9
9 stiff
stiff
stiff
stiff [
[
[
[
stIf
stIf
stIf
stIf
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
僵直
3
3
3
3 stiffen
stiffen
stiffen
stiffen [
[
[
[
5stIfn
5stIfn
5stIfn
5stIfn
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v

坚硬

Others depended primarily
o
n
c
oiling
a
pr
ocess
i
n
w
hich
a
c
ontinuous coil of stiff
material is held
i
n
t
he desired shape with tight wrapping of flexible strands
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
75
75
75
75
9
9
9
9 s
pray
spray
spray
spray [
[
[
[
spreI
spreI
spreI
spreI
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
喷
洒喷

Scientific analysis suggests that paintings were sprayed onto the rock walls with tube
s
m
ade from animal bones

9
9
9
9 sort
sort
sort
sort [
[
[
[
sCt
sCt
sCt
sCt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
种类
v

v
v
v





分
类

T
o
m
easure soil texture the sand silt and clay particles are sorted out by size and
weight

9
9
9
9 shattered
shattered
shattered
shattered
（
shatter[
shatter[
shatter[
shatter[
5FAtE
5FAtE
5FAtE
5FAtE
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

碎

Under very cold conditions rocks can be shattered by ice and frost

9
9
9
9 semiskilled
semiskilled
semiskilled
semiskilled [
[
[
[
5semI5skIld
5semI5skIld
5semI5skIld
5semI5skIld
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
半熟练

And skilled craft workers who spearheaded the union movement did not feel
a
pa
rticularly strong bond with semiskilled factory workers and unskilled laborers

9
9
9
9 satisfy
satisfy
satisfy
satisfy [
[
[
[
5sAtIsfaI
5sAtIsfaI
5sAtIsfaI
5sAtIsfaI
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v

满意

While tulip bulbs were traveling from Europe to the United States to satisfy the
nostalgic longings of homesick English and Dutch settlers North American plants were
traveling
i
n
t
he opposite direction

9
9
9
9 roosts
roosts
roosts
roosts
（
roost[
roost[
roost[
roost[
rust
rust
rust
rust
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
鸟窝
v

v
v
v
栖
息

The common kestrel roosts and hunts alone but the lesser kestrel roosts and hunts
i
n
f
locks possibly so one bird can learn from others where to find insect swarms

9
9
9
9 reverse
reverse
reverse
reverse [
[
[
[
rI5v＼s
rI5v＼s
rI5v＼s
rI5v＼s
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
颠
倒
n
n
n
n
相反

Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless the population is reduced
i
n
t
he vast
areas affected

9
9
9
9 residential
residential
residential
residential [
[
[
[
7rezI5denFEl
7rezI5denFEl
7rezI5denFEl
7rezI5denFEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
住宅
9
9
9
9 residents
residents
residents
residents
（
resident[
resident[
resident[
resident[
5rezIdEnt
5rezIdEnt
5rezIdEnt
5rezIdEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
定居者
adj
adj
adj
adj
居住
4
4
4
4 residence
residence
residence
residence [
[
[
[
5rezIdEns
5rezIdEns
5rezIdEns
5rezIdEns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
居住住

Between 1890 and 1920 for example some 250000 new residential lots were
recorded within the borders of Chicago most of them located
i
n
ou
tlying areas

9
9
9
9 reptiles
reptiles
reptiles
reptiles
（
reptile[
reptile[
reptile[
reptile[
5reptaIl
5reptaIl
5reptaIl
5reptaIl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
爬虫

Over the years thousands of specimens of marine reptiles fish and invertebrates have
been recovered from these rocks

9
9
9
9 regardless
regardless
regardless
regardless [
[
[
[
rI5^BdlIs
rI5^BdlIs
rI5^BdlIs
rI5^BdlIs
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
顾切

Running water was the only source of power that was suitable for the continuous
operation of machines but to make use of
i
t
f
actories had to be located where the water
was regardless of whether such locations made sense otherwise

9
9
9
9 realization
realization
realization
realization [
[
[
[
7rIElaI5zeIFEn
7rIElaI5zeIFEn
7rIElaI5zeIFEn
7rIElaI5zeIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
实现

Satire jars us out of complacence into
a
pl
easantly shocked realization that many of the
values we unquestioningly accept are false

9
9
9
9 questionnaires
questionnaires
questionnaires
questionnaires
（
questionnaire[
questionnaire[
questionnaire[
questionnaire[
7kwestIE5neE tFE
7kwestIE5neE tFE
7kwestIE5neE tFE
7kwestIE5neE tFE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
调查表

However questionnaires have the advantage of being cheaper and more consistent

9
9
9
9 p
urchase
purchase
purchase
purchase [
[
[
[
5p＼tFEs
5p＼tFEs
5p＼tFEs
5p＼tFEs
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
购
买
n
n
n
n
购买

Those who purchased and prepared land for residential purposes particularly land
near or outside city borders where transit lines and middleclass inhabitants were
anticipated did so to create demand as much as to respond to it

9
9
9
9 publishers
publishers
publishers
publishers
（
publisher[
publisher[
publisher[
publisher[
5pQblIFE(r)
5pQblIFE(r)
5pQblIFE(r)
5pQblIFE(r)
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
出版者

The lack of printing regulations and the unenforceabiliy of British copyright law
i
n
t
he
American colonies made
i
t
pos
sible for colonial printers occasionally to act as
publishers

9
9
9
9 pry
pry
pry
pry [
[
[
[
praI
praI
praI
praI
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
窥
探老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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英语前线
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师
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
75
75
75
75
9
9
9
9 s
pray
spray
spray
spray [
[
[
[
spreI
spreI
spreI
spreI
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
喷
洒喷

Scientific analysis suggests that paintings were sprayed onto the rock walls with tube
s
m
ade from animal bones

9
9
9
9 sort
sort
sort
sort [
[
[
[
sCt
sCt
sCt
sCt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
种类
v

v
v
v





分
类

T
o
m
easure soil texture the sand silt and clay particles are sorted out by size and
weight

9
9
9
9 shattered
shattered
shattered
shattered
（
shatter[
shatter[
shatter[
shatter[
5FAtE
5FAtE
5FAtE
5FAtE
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

碎

Under very cold conditions rocks can be shattered by ice and frost

9
9
9
9 semiskilled
semiskilled
semiskilled
semiskilled [
[
[
[
5semI5skIld
5semI5skIld
5semI5skIld
5semI5skIld
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
半熟练

And skilled craft workers who spearheaded the union movement did not feel
a
pa
rticularly strong bond with semiskilled factory workers and unskilled laborers

9
9
9
9 satisfy
satisfy
satisfy
satisfy [
[
[
[
5sAtIsfaI
5sAtIsfaI
5sAtIsfaI
5sAtIsfaI
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v

满意

While tulip bulbs were traveling from Europe to the United States to satisfy the
nostalgic longings of homesick English and Dutch settlers North American plants were
traveling
i
n
t
he opposite direction

9
9
9
9 roosts
roosts
roosts
roosts
（
roost[
roost[
roost[
roost[
rust
rust
rust
rust
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
鸟窝
v

v
v
v
栖
息

The common kestrel roosts and hunts alone but the lesser kestrel roosts and hunts
i
n
f
locks possibly so one bird can learn from others where to find insect swarms

9
9
9
9 reverse
reverse
reverse
reverse [
[
[
[
rI5v＼s
rI5v＼s
rI5v＼s
rI5v＼s
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
颠
倒
n
n
n
n
相反

Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless the population is reduced
i
n
t
he vast
areas affected

9
9
9
9 residential
residential
residential
residential [
[
[
[
7rezI5denFEl
7rezI5denFEl
7rezI5denFEl
7rezI5denFEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
住宅
9
9
9
9 residents
residents
residents
residents
（
resident[
resident[
resident[
resident[
5rezIdEnt
5rezIdEnt
5rezIdEnt
5rezIdEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
定居者
adj
adj
adj
adj
居住
4
4
4
4 residence
residence
residence
residence [
[
[
[
5rezIdEns
5rezIdEns
5rezIdEns
5rezIdEns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
居住住

Between 1890 and 1920 for example some 250000 new residential lots were
recorded within the borders of Chicago most of them located
i
n
ou
tlying areas

9
9
9
9 reptiles
reptiles
reptiles
reptiles
（
reptile[
reptile[
reptile[
reptile[
5reptaIl
5reptaIl
5reptaIl
5reptaIl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
爬虫

Over the years thousands of specimens of marine reptiles fish and invertebrates have
been recovered from these rocks

9
9
9
9 regardless
regardless
regardless
regardless [
[
[
[
rI5^BdlIs
rI5^BdlIs
rI5^BdlIs
rI5^BdlIs
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
顾切

Running water was the only source of power that was suitable for the continuous
operation of machines but to make use of
i
t
f
actories had to be located where the water
was regardless of whether such locations made sense otherwise

9
9
9
9 realization
realization
realization
realization [
[
[
[
7rIElaI5zeIFEn
7rIElaI5zeIFEn
7rIElaI5zeIFEn
7rIElaI5zeIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
实现

Satire jars us out of complacence into
a
pl
easantly shocked realization that many of the
values we unquestioningly accept are false

9
9
9
9 questionnaires
questionnaires
questionnaires
questionnaires
（
questionnaire[
questionnaire[
questionnaire[
questionnaire[
7kwestIE5neE tFE
7kwestIE5neE tFE
7kwestIE5neE tFE
7kwestIE5neE tFE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
调查表

However questionnaires have the advantage of being cheaper and more consistent

9
9
9
9 p
urchase
purchase
purchase
purchase [
[
[
[
5p＼tFEs
5p＼tFEs
5p＼tFEs
5p＼tFEs
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
购
买
n
n
n
n
购买

Those who purchased and prepared land for residential purposes particularly land
near or outside city borders where transit lines and middleclass inhabitants were
anticipated did so to create demand as much as to respond to it

9
9
9
9 publishers
publishers
publishers
publishers
（
publisher[
publisher[
publisher[
publisher[
5pQblIFE(r)
5pQblIFE(r)
5pQblIFE(r)
5pQblIFE(r)
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
出版者

The lack of printing regulations and the unenforceabiliy of British copyright law
i
n
t
he
American colonies made
i
t
pos
sible for colonial printers occasionally to act as
publishers

9
9
9
9 pry
pry
pry
pry [
[
[
[
praI
praI
praI
praI
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
窥
探老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
76
76
76
76

S
alt breaks rocks apart principally by
a
pr
ocess called crystal prying and wedging

9
9
9
9 prosperity
prosperity
prosperity
prosperity [
[
[
[
prDs5perItI
prDs5perItI
prDs5perItI
prDs5perItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
繁荣
4
4
4
4 prosperous
prosperous
prosperous
prosperous [
[
[
[
5prDspErEs
5prDspErEs
5prDspErEs
5prDspErEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
繁盛

Situation is normally much more important to the continuing prosperity of
a
c
ity

9
9
9
9 probe
probe
probe
probe [
[
[
[
prEJb
prEJb
prEJb
prEJb
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
针
测

Shorebirds such as oystercatchers use their bills to pry open the tightly sealed shells of
their prey hummingbirds have stilettolike bills to probe the deepest nectarbearing
flowers and kiwis smell out earthworms thanks to nostrils located at the tip of their
beaks

9
9
9
9 prevailing
prevailing
prevailing
prevailing
（
prevail[
prevail[
prevail[
prevail[
prI5veIl
prI5veIl
prI5veIl
prI5veIl
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
流
行

Secular institutions of control such as the police and army take the place of religion
and family
i
n
m
aintaining order and
a
m
oneybased economy prevails

9
9
9
9 pleistocene
pleistocene
pleistocene
pleistocene n
n
n
n
更新世岩

T
o
de
scribe how the differences between Pleistocene and Cambrian quartz reveal
information about dating rocks

9
9
9
9 pleasure
pleasure
pleasure
pleasure [
[
[
[
5pleVE
5pleVE
5pleVE
5pleVE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
愉快

Theater may have come from pleasure humans receive from storytelling and moving
rhythmically

9
9
9
9 pleasant
pleasant
pleasant
pleasant [
[
[
[
5plezEnt
5plezEnt
5plezEnt
5plezEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
愉快

In 1909 for example the Edison Company began issuing with their films such
indications of mood as pleasant＇ sad lively

9
9
9
9 motifs
motifs
motifs
motifs
（
motif[
motif[
motif[
motif[
mEJ5tif
mEJ5tif
mEJ5tif
mEJ5tif
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
题动机

Tiffany was
a
br
illiant designer successfully combining ancient Egyptian Japanese
and Persian motifs

9
9
9
9 minimum
minimum
minimum
minimum [
[
[
[
5mInImEm
5mInImEm
5mInImEm
5mInImEm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
量
adj
adj
adj
adj


Thus
a
m
inimum investment has been made
i
n
t
he body that becomes
a
pl
atform for
seed dispersal

9
9
9
9 manipulated
manipulated
manipulated
manipulated
（
manipulate[
manipulate[
manipulate[
manipulate[
mE5nIpjJleIt
mE5nIpjJleIt
mE5nIpjJleIt
mE5nIpjJleIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
操


Each stage of malleability allows the glass to be manipulated into various forms by
different techniques and if suddenly cooled the object retains the shape achieved at that
point

9
9
9
9 magical
magical
magical
magical [
[
[
[
5mAdVIkEl
5mAdVIkEl
5mAdVIkEl
5mAdVIkEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
魔力

Upper Paleolithic people shared similar beliefs with contemporary peoples who use
paintings of animals
i
n
t
heir magicalreligious rituals

9
9
9
9 lungs
lungs
lungs
lungs
（
lung[
lung[
lung[
lung[
lQN
lQN
lQN
lQN
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
肺

The reverse occurs when the diver surfaces the nitrogen pressure
i
n
t
he lungs falls and
the nitrogen diffuses from the tissues into the blood and from the blood into the lungs

9
9
9
9 l
imestone
limestone
limestone
limestone [
[
[
[
5laImstEJn
5laImstEJn
5laImstEJn
5laImstEJn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
石灰石
3
3
3
3 lime
lime
lime
lime [
[
[
[
laIm
laIm
laIm
laIm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
石灰

Limestone may be found
i
n
t
he Cambrian or300 million years laterin the Jurassic
strata but
a
t
rilobite—the ubiquitous marine arthropod that had its birth
i
n
t
he
Cambrian—will never be found
i
n
J
urassic strata nor
a
di
nosaur
i
n
t
he Cambrian

9
9
9
9 lesser
lesser
lesser
lesser [
[
[
[
5lesE
5lesE
5lesE
5lesE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
次

The behavior of common and lesser kestrels may illustrate different feeding behavior
s
of s
imilar birds with different roosting habits

9
9
9
9 larva
larva
larva
larva [
[
[
[
5lBvE
5lBvE
5lBvE
5lBvE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
幼虫
larvae
larvae
larvae
larvae
（复数）

Every spoonful of ocean water contains life
o
n
t
he order of 100 to 100000 bacterial
cells plus assorted microscopic plants and animals including larvae of organisms老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
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wwwibtsatcom
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英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
76
76
76
76

S
alt breaks rocks apart principally by
a
pr
ocess called crystal prying and wedging

9
9
9
9 prosperity
prosperity
prosperity
prosperity [
[
[
[
prDs5perItI
prDs5perItI
prDs5perItI
prDs5perItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
繁荣
4
4
4
4 prosperous
prosperous
prosperous
prosperous [
[
[
[
5prDspErEs
5prDspErEs
5prDspErEs
5prDspErEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
繁盛

Situation is normally much more important to the continuing prosperity of
a
c
ity

9
9
9
9 probe
probe
probe
probe [
[
[
[
prEJb
prEJb
prEJb
prEJb
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
针
测

Shorebirds such as oystercatchers use their bills to pry open the tightly sealed shells of
their prey hummingbirds have stilettolike bills to probe the deepest nectarbearing
flowers and kiwis smell out earthworms thanks to nostrils located at the tip of their
beaks

9
9
9
9 prevailing
prevailing
prevailing
prevailing
（
prevail[
prevail[
prevail[
prevail[
prI5veIl
prI5veIl
prI5veIl
prI5veIl
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
流
行

Secular institutions of control such as the police and army take the place of religion
and family
i
n
m
aintaining order and
a
m
oneybased economy prevails

9
9
9
9 pleistocene
pleistocene
pleistocene
pleistocene n
n
n
n
更新世岩

T
o
de
scribe how the differences between Pleistocene and Cambrian quartz reveal
information about dating rocks

9
9
9
9 pleasure
pleasure
pleasure
pleasure [
[
[
[
5pleVE
5pleVE
5pleVE
5pleVE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
愉快

Theater may have come from pleasure humans receive from storytelling and moving
rhythmically

9
9
9
9 pleasant
pleasant
pleasant
pleasant [
[
[
[
5plezEnt
5plezEnt
5plezEnt
5plezEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
愉快

In 1909 for example the Edison Company began issuing with their films such
indications of mood as pleasant＇ sad lively

9
9
9
9 motifs
motifs
motifs
motifs
（
motif[
motif[
motif[
motif[
mEJ5tif
mEJ5tif
mEJ5tif
mEJ5tif
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
题动机

Tiffany was
a
br
illiant designer successfully combining ancient Egyptian Japanese
and Persian motifs

9
9
9
9 minimum
minimum
minimum
minimum [
[
[
[
5mInImEm
5mInImEm
5mInImEm
5mInImEm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
量
adj
adj
adj
adj


Thus
a
m
inimum investment has been made
i
n
t
he body that becomes
a
pl
atform for
seed dispersal

9
9
9
9 manipulated
manipulated
manipulated
manipulated
（
manipulate[
manipulate[
manipulate[
manipulate[
mE5nIpjJleIt
mE5nIpjJleIt
mE5nIpjJleIt
mE5nIpjJleIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
操


Each stage of malleability allows the glass to be manipulated into various forms by
different techniques and if suddenly cooled the object retains the shape achieved at that
point

9
9
9
9 magical
magical
magical
magical [
[
[
[
5mAdVIkEl
5mAdVIkEl
5mAdVIkEl
5mAdVIkEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
魔力

Upper Paleolithic people shared similar beliefs with contemporary peoples who use
paintings of animals
i
n
t
heir magicalreligious rituals

9
9
9
9 lungs
lungs
lungs
lungs
（
lung[
lung[
lung[
lung[
lQN
lQN
lQN
lQN
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
肺

The reverse occurs when the diver surfaces the nitrogen pressure
i
n
t
he lungs falls and
the nitrogen diffuses from the tissues into the blood and from the blood into the lungs

9
9
9
9 l
imestone
limestone
limestone
limestone [
[
[
[
5laImstEJn
5laImstEJn
5laImstEJn
5laImstEJn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
石灰石
3
3
3
3 lime
lime
lime
lime [
[
[
[
laIm
laIm
laIm
laIm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
石灰

Limestone may be found
i
n
t
he Cambrian or300 million years laterin the Jurassic
strata but
a
t
rilobite—the ubiquitous marine arthropod that had its birth
i
n
t
he
Cambrian—will never be found
i
n
J
urassic strata nor
a
di
nosaur
i
n
t
he Cambrian

9
9
9
9 lesser
lesser
lesser
lesser [
[
[
[
5lesE
5lesE
5lesE
5lesE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
次

The behavior of common and lesser kestrels may illustrate different feeding behavior
s
of s
imilar birds with different roosting habits

9
9
9
9 larva
larva
larva
larva [
[
[
[
5lBvE
5lBvE
5lBvE
5lBvE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
幼虫
larvae
larvae
larvae
larvae
（复数）

Every spoonful of ocean water contains life
o
n
t
he order of 100 to 100000 bacterial
cells plus assorted microscopic plants and animals including larvae of organisms老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
77
77
77
77
r
anging from sponges and corals to starfish and clams and much more

9
9
9
9 kilns
kilns
kilns
kilns
（
kiln
kiln
kiln
kiln
）
n
n
n
n
窑

Kilns were also used for glazing when two firings were needed once fired the pots
were allowed to cool slowly and small cracks were repaired before they were ready for
use
老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
9
9
9
9 inscriptions
inscriptions
inscriptions
inscriptions
（
inscription[
inscription[
inscription[
inscription[
In5skrIpFEn
In5skrIpFEn
In5skrIpFEn
In5skrIpFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
题字碑铭

Because these inscriptions mad reference to the king of Sumer and Akkad
a
s
cholar
suggested that the mew language be called Sumerian

9
9
9
9 infant
infant
infant
infant [
[
[
[
5InfEnt
5InfEnt
5InfEnt
5InfEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
婴
adj
adj
adj
adj
婴

At first the sounds that
a
n
i
nfant notices might be only those words that receive the
heaviest emphasis and that often occur at the ends of utterances

9
9
9
9 incubation
incubation
incubation
incubation [
[
[
[
7InkjJ5beIFEn
7InkjJ5beIFEn
7InkjJ5beIFEn
7InkjJ5beIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
孵卵

Most commercial incubators heat the eggs fairly evenly from top to bottom thus
ignoring the bird＇s method of natural incubation and perhaps reducing the viability and
survivability of the hatching chicks

9
9
9
9 incorporated
incorporated
incorporated
incorporated
（
incorporate[
incorporate[
incorporate[
incorporate[
In5kCpEreIt
In5kCpEreIt
In5kCpEreIt
In5kCpEreIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
合

4
4
4
4 corporations
corporations
corporations
corporations
（
corporation[
corporation[
corporation[
corporation[
7kCpE5reIFEn
7kCpE5reIFEn
7kCpE5reIFEn
7kCpE5reIFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
股份公司

In addition to persons living
i
n
i
ncorporated units of 2500 or more the census now
included those who lived
i
n
uni
ncorporated units of that size and also
a
ll
pe
rsons living
i
n
t
he densely settled urban fringe including both incorporated and unincorporated
areas located around cities of 50000 inhabitants or more

9
9
9
9 imprinting
imprinting
imprinting
imprinting
（
imprint[
imprint[
imprint[
imprint[
Im5prInt
Im5prInt
Im5prInt
Im5prInt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
印痕
v

v
v
v
印

T
he most wellknown of these is imprinting the carly following behavior of certain
baby birds that ensures that the young will stay close to their mother and be fed and
protected from danger

9
9
9
9 hostile
hostile
hostile
hostile [
[
[
[
5hDstaIl
5hDstaIl
5hDstaIl
5hDstaIl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
怀敌意

Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater tha
n
a
t the Earth＇s surface the deepocean bottom is
a
hos
tile environment to humans
i
n
s
ome ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space

9
9
9
9 grooves
grooves
grooves
grooves
（
groove[
groove[
groove[
groove[
^ruv
^ruv
^ruv
^ruv
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
凹槽

Some species of tuna have specialized grooves
i
n
t
heir tongue

9
9
9
9 graphic
graphic
graphic
graphic [
[
[
[
5^rAfIk
5^rAfIk
5^rAfIk
5^rAfIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
图解

Meteorologists and computer scientists now work together to design computer
programs and video equipment capable of transforming raw weather data into words
symbols and vivid graphic displays that forecasters can interpret easily and quickly

9
9
9
9 granite
granite
granite
granite [
[
[
[
5^rAnIt
5^rAnIt
5^rAnIt
5^rAnIt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
花岗岩

Granite for instance is
a
c
oarsegrained igneous rock whose individual mineral
crystals have formed to
a
s
ize easily seen by the naked eye

9
9
9
9 frost
frost
frost
frost [
[
[
[
frDst frCst
frDst frCst
frDst frCst
frDst frCst
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
霜

Winter often lingered autumn could be ushered
i
n
by s
evere frost

9
9
9
9 flock
flock
flock
flock [
[
[
[
flDk
flDk
flDk
flDk
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
群
v

v
v
v
聚
集

Birds that feed
i
n
f
locks commonly retire together into roosts

9
9
9
9 fertilizer
fertilizer
fertilizer
fertilizer [
[
[
[
5f＼tI7laIzE
5f＼tI7laIzE
5f＼tI7laIzE
5f＼tI7laIzE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
肥料
8
8
8
8 fertile
fertile
fertile
fertile [
[
[
[
5f＼taIl 5f＼tIl
5f＼taIl 5f＼tIl
5f＼taIl 5f＼tIl
5f＼taIl 5f＼tIl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
肥沃
6
6
6
6 fertility
fertility
fertility
fertility [
[
[
[
f＼5tIlItI
f＼5tIlItI
f＼5tIlItI
f＼5tIlItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
肥沃
5
5
5
5 fertilized
fertilized
fertilized
fertilized
（
fertilize[
fertilize[
fertilize[
fertilize[
5f＼tIlaIz
5f＼tIlaIz
5f＼tIlaIz
5f＼tIlaIz
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
施
肥

In addition newly developing soils exposed by recent glacier retreat and planted with
alders show that these trees are applying the equivalent of
t
en
ba
gs of highnitrogen
fertilizer to each hectare per year
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
77
77
77
77
r
anging from sponges and corals to starfish and clams and much more

9
9
9
9 kilns
kilns
kilns
kilns
（
kiln
kiln
kiln
kiln
）
n
n
n
n
窑

Kilns were also used for glazing when two firings were needed once fired the pots
were allowed to cool slowly and small cracks were repaired before they were ready for
use
老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
9
9
9
9 inscriptions
inscriptions
inscriptions
inscriptions
（
inscription[
inscription[
inscription[
inscription[
In5skrIpFEn
In5skrIpFEn
In5skrIpFEn
In5skrIpFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
题字碑铭

Because these inscriptions mad reference to the king of Sumer and Akkad
a
s
cholar
suggested that the mew language be called Sumerian

9
9
9
9 infant
infant
infant
infant [
[
[
[
5InfEnt
5InfEnt
5InfEnt
5InfEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
婴
adj
adj
adj
adj
婴

At first the sounds that
a
n
i
nfant notices might be only those words that receive the
heaviest emphasis and that often occur at the ends of utterances

9
9
9
9 incubation
incubation
incubation
incubation [
[
[
[
7InkjJ5beIFEn
7InkjJ5beIFEn
7InkjJ5beIFEn
7InkjJ5beIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
孵卵

Most commercial incubators heat the eggs fairly evenly from top to bottom thus
ignoring the bird＇s method of natural incubation and perhaps reducing the viability and
survivability of the hatching chicks

9
9
9
9 incorporated
incorporated
incorporated
incorporated
（
incorporate[
incorporate[
incorporate[
incorporate[
In5kCpEreIt
In5kCpEreIt
In5kCpEreIt
In5kCpEreIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
合

4
4
4
4 corporations
corporations
corporations
corporations
（
corporation[
corporation[
corporation[
corporation[
7kCpE5reIFEn
7kCpE5reIFEn
7kCpE5reIFEn
7kCpE5reIFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
股份公司

In addition to persons living
i
n
i
ncorporated units of 2500 or more the census now
included those who lived
i
n
uni
ncorporated units of that size and also
a
ll
pe
rsons living
i
n
t
he densely settled urban fringe including both incorporated and unincorporated
areas located around cities of 50000 inhabitants or more

9
9
9
9 imprinting
imprinting
imprinting
imprinting
（
imprint[
imprint[
imprint[
imprint[
Im5prInt
Im5prInt
Im5prInt
Im5prInt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
印痕
v

v
v
v
印

T
he most wellknown of these is imprinting the carly following behavior of certain
baby birds that ensures that the young will stay close to their mother and be fed and
protected from danger

9
9
9
9 hostile
hostile
hostile
hostile [
[
[
[
5hDstaIl
5hDstaIl
5hDstaIl
5hDstaIl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
怀敌意

Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater tha
n
a
t the Earth＇s surface the deepocean bottom is
a
hos
tile environment to humans
i
n
s
ome ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space

9
9
9
9 grooves
grooves
grooves
grooves
（
groove[
groove[
groove[
groove[
^ruv
^ruv
^ruv
^ruv
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
凹槽

Some species of tuna have specialized grooves
i
n
t
heir tongue

9
9
9
9 graphic
graphic
graphic
graphic [
[
[
[
5^rAfIk
5^rAfIk
5^rAfIk
5^rAfIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
图解

Meteorologists and computer scientists now work together to design computer
programs and video equipment capable of transforming raw weather data into words
symbols and vivid graphic displays that forecasters can interpret easily and quickly

9
9
9
9 granite
granite
granite
granite [
[
[
[
5^rAnIt
5^rAnIt
5^rAnIt
5^rAnIt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
花岗岩

Granite for instance is
a
c
oarsegrained igneous rock whose individual mineral
crystals have formed to
a
s
ize easily seen by the naked eye

9
9
9
9 frost
frost
frost
frost [
[
[
[
frDst frCst
frDst frCst
frDst frCst
frDst frCst
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
霜

Winter often lingered autumn could be ushered
i
n
by s
evere frost

9
9
9
9 flock
flock
flock
flock [
[
[
[
flDk
flDk
flDk
flDk
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
群
v

v
v
v
聚
集

Birds that feed
i
n
f
locks commonly retire together into roosts

9
9
9
9 fertilizer
fertilizer
fertilizer
fertilizer [
[
[
[
5f＼tI7laIzE
5f＼tI7laIzE
5f＼tI7laIzE
5f＼tI7laIzE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
肥料
8
8
8
8 fertile
fertile
fertile
fertile [
[
[
[
5f＼taIl 5f＼tIl
5f＼taIl 5f＼tIl
5f＼taIl 5f＼tIl
5f＼taIl 5f＼tIl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
肥沃
6
6
6
6 fertility
fertility
fertility
fertility [
[
[
[
f＼5tIlItI
f＼5tIlItI
f＼5tIlItI
f＼5tIlItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
肥沃
5
5
5
5 fertilized
fertilized
fertilized
fertilized
（
fertilize[
fertilize[
fertilize[
fertilize[
5f＼tIlaIz
5f＼tIlaIz
5f＼tIlaIz
5f＼tIlaIz
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
施
肥

In addition newly developing soils exposed by recent glacier retreat and planted with
alders show that these trees are applying the equivalent of
t
en
ba
gs of highnitrogen
fertilizer to each hectare per year
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
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英语前线
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师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
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留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
78
78
78
78
老
师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
9
9
9
9 facilities
facilities
facilities
facilities
（
facility[
facility[
facility[
facility[
fE5sIlItI
fE5sIlItI
fE5sIlItI
fE5sIlItI
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
设备

W
ith
m
any cities now undergoing renewed development opportunities are
continuously emerging for the inclusion or art
i
n
ne
w or renewed public environments
including buildings plazas parks and transportation facilities

9
9
9
9 fabric
fabric
fabric
fabric [
[
[
[
5fAbrIk
5fAbrIk
5fAbrIk
5fAbrIk
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
织品

This term was usually applied to
a
f
abric of wool and linen used
i
n
he
avy clothing and
quilted petticoats worn
i
n
t
he wintertime

9
9
9
9 excessive
excessive
excessive
excessive [
[
[
[
Ik5sesIv
Ik5sesIv
Ik5sesIv
Ik5sesIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
度
8
8
8
8 excess
excess
excess
excess [
[
[
[
Ik5ses 5ekses
Ik5ses 5ekses
Ik5ses 5ekses
Ik5ses 5ekses
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
度额外
n
n
n
n
度

This is
a
n
a
dvantage since the heat of the first few hours of daylight is absorbed
i
n
w
arming up the body and
a
n
e
xcessive buildup of heat does not begin until well into the
day

9
9
9
9 exaggerate
exaggerate
exaggerate
exaggerate [
[
[
[
I^5zAdVEreIt
I^5zAdVEreIt
I^5zAdVEreIt
I^5zAdVEreIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
夸
张

In addition to other artworks figurines representing the human female
i
n
e
xaggerated
form have also been found at Upper Paleolithic sites

9
9
9
9 entrepreneurs
entrepreneurs
entrepreneurs
entrepreneurs
（
entrepreneur[
entrepreneur[
entrepreneur[
entrepreneur[
7DntrEprE5n＼
7DntrEprE5n＼
7DntrEprE5n＼
7DntrEprE5n＼
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
企业家

Democrats attracted farmers isolated from the market or uncomfortable with it
workers alienated from the emerging industrial system and rising entrepreneurs who
wanted to break monopolies and open the economy to newcomers like themselves

9
9
9
9 entertainment
entertainment
entertainment
entertainment [
[
[
[
entE5teInmEnt
entE5teInmEnt
entE5teInmEnt
entE5teInmEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
娱乐

When this occurs the first step has been taken toward theater as
a
n
a
utonomous
activity and thereafter entertainment and aesthetic values may gradually replace the
former mystical and socially efficacious concerns

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
9
9
9
9 elevation
elevation
elevation
elevation [
[
[
[
7elI5veIFEn
7elI5veIFEn
7elI5veIFEn
7elI5veIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
海拔

Deer may move from highelevation browse areas
i
n
s
ummer down to the lowland
areas
i
n
l
ate fall

9
9
9
9 elaborate
elaborate
elaborate
elaborate [
[
[
[
I5lAbErEt
I5lAbErEt
I5lAbErEt
I5lAbErEt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
精
心制作
adj
adj
adj
adj
精细
3
3
3
3 elaborately
elaborately
elaborately
elaborately
[
[
[
[
I5lAbErEtlI
I5lAbErEtlI
I5lAbErEtlI
I5lAbErEtlI
]
]
]
]
adv
adv
adv
adv
精心

Thus the recalling of
a
n
e
vent
(
a
hun
t battle or other feat) is elaborated through the
narrator
’
s
pa
ntomime and impersonation and eventually through each role being
assumed by
a
di
fferent person

9
9
9
9 diameter
diameter
diameter
diameter [
[
[
[
daI5AmItE
daI5AmItE
daI5AmItE
daI5AmItE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
直径

The body that impacted Earth at the end of the Cretaceous period was
a
m
eteorite wit
h
a
m
ass of more than
a
t
rillion tons and
a
di
ameter of
a
t
l
east 10 kilometers

9
9
9
9 devised
devised
devised
devised
（
devise[
devise[
devise[
devise[
dI5vaIz
dI5vaIz
dI5vaIz
dI5vaIz
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
设
计

The world
’
s
a
rchitectural structures have also been devised
i
n
r
elation to the objective
limitations of materials

9
9
9
9 delivery
delivery
delivery
delivery [
[
[
[
dI5lIvErI
dI5lIvErI
dI5lIvErI
dI5lIvErI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
投递
8
8
8
8 deliver
deliver
deliver
deliver [
[
[
[
dI5lIvE
dI5lIvE
dI5lIvE
dI5lIvE
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
递
送

In 1825 the United States Congress permitted local postmasters to give letters to mail
carriers for home delivery but these carriers received no government salary and their
entire compensation
o
n
w
hat they were paid by the recipients of individual letters

9
9
9
9 dam
dam
dam
dam [
[
[
[
dAm
dAm
dAm
dAm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
水坝

T
o
c
ounter these natural obstacles the Tennessee
V
alley
A
uthority Act of 1933 created
the Tennessee
V
alley
A
uthority (TVA)
a
publ
ic agency with broad powers to promote
development
i
n
t
he region including the authority to build dams and reservoirs and to
generate and sell hydroelectric power

9
9
9
9 chambers
chambers
chambers
chambers
（
chamber[
chamber[
chamber[
chamber[
5tFeImbE
5tFeImbE
5tFeImbE
5tFeImbE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
室

Heat rising from numerous openings (called fumaroles) along the inner crater walls老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
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英语前线
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师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
78
78
78
78
老
师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
9
9
9
9 facilities
facilities
facilities
facilities
（
facility[
facility[
facility[
facility[
fE5sIlItI
fE5sIlItI
fE5sIlItI
fE5sIlItI
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
设备

W
ith
m
any cities now undergoing renewed development opportunities are
continuously emerging for the inclusion or art
i
n
ne
w or renewed public environments
including buildings plazas parks and transportation facilities

9
9
9
9 fabric
fabric
fabric
fabric [
[
[
[
5fAbrIk
5fAbrIk
5fAbrIk
5fAbrIk
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
织品

This term was usually applied to
a
f
abric of wool and linen used
i
n
he
avy clothing and
quilted petticoats worn
i
n
t
he wintertime

9
9
9
9 excessive
excessive
excessive
excessive [
[
[
[
Ik5sesIv
Ik5sesIv
Ik5sesIv
Ik5sesIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
度
8
8
8
8 excess
excess
excess
excess [
[
[
[
Ik5ses 5ekses
Ik5ses 5ekses
Ik5ses 5ekses
Ik5ses 5ekses
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
度额外
n
n
n
n
度

This is
a
n
a
dvantage since the heat of the first few hours of daylight is absorbed
i
n
w
arming up the body and
a
n
e
xcessive buildup of heat does not begin until well into the
day

9
9
9
9 exaggerate
exaggerate
exaggerate
exaggerate [
[
[
[
I^5zAdVEreIt
I^5zAdVEreIt
I^5zAdVEreIt
I^5zAdVEreIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
夸
张

In addition to other artworks figurines representing the human female
i
n
e
xaggerated
form have also been found at Upper Paleolithic sites

9
9
9
9 entrepreneurs
entrepreneurs
entrepreneurs
entrepreneurs
（
entrepreneur[
entrepreneur[
entrepreneur[
entrepreneur[
7DntrEprE5n＼
7DntrEprE5n＼
7DntrEprE5n＼
7DntrEprE5n＼
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
企业家

Democrats attracted farmers isolated from the market or uncomfortable with it
workers alienated from the emerging industrial system and rising entrepreneurs who
wanted to break monopolies and open the economy to newcomers like themselves

9
9
9
9 entertainment
entertainment
entertainment
entertainment [
[
[
[
entE5teInmEnt
entE5teInmEnt
entE5teInmEnt
entE5teInmEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
娱乐

When this occurs the first step has been taken toward theater as
a
n
a
utonomous
activity and thereafter entertainment and aesthetic values may gradually replace the
former mystical and socially efficacious concerns

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
9
9
9
9 elevation
elevation
elevation
elevation [
[
[
[
7elI5veIFEn
7elI5veIFEn
7elI5veIFEn
7elI5veIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
海拔

Deer may move from highelevation browse areas
i
n
s
ummer down to the lowland
areas
i
n
l
ate fall

9
9
9
9 elaborate
elaborate
elaborate
elaborate [
[
[
[
I5lAbErEt
I5lAbErEt
I5lAbErEt
I5lAbErEt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
精
心制作
adj
adj
adj
adj
精细
3
3
3
3 elaborately
elaborately
elaborately
elaborately
[
[
[
[
I5lAbErEtlI
I5lAbErEtlI
I5lAbErEtlI
I5lAbErEtlI
]
]
]
]
adv
adv
adv
adv
精心

Thus the recalling of
a
n
e
vent
(
a
hun
t battle or other feat) is elaborated through the
narrator
’
s
pa
ntomime and impersonation and eventually through each role being
assumed by
a
di
fferent person

9
9
9
9 diameter
diameter
diameter
diameter [
[
[
[
daI5AmItE
daI5AmItE
daI5AmItE
daI5AmItE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
直径

The body that impacted Earth at the end of the Cretaceous period was
a
m
eteorite wit
h
a
m
ass of more than
a
t
rillion tons and
a
di
ameter of
a
t
l
east 10 kilometers

9
9
9
9 devised
devised
devised
devised
（
devise[
devise[
devise[
devise[
dI5vaIz
dI5vaIz
dI5vaIz
dI5vaIz
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
设
计

The world
’
s
a
rchitectural structures have also been devised
i
n
r
elation to the objective
limitations of materials

9
9
9
9 delivery
delivery
delivery
delivery [
[
[
[
dI5lIvErI
dI5lIvErI
dI5lIvErI
dI5lIvErI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
投递
8
8
8
8 deliver
deliver
deliver
deliver [
[
[
[
dI5lIvE
dI5lIvE
dI5lIvE
dI5lIvE
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
递
送

In 1825 the United States Congress permitted local postmasters to give letters to mail
carriers for home delivery but these carriers received no government salary and their
entire compensation
o
n
w
hat they were paid by the recipients of individual letters

9
9
9
9 dam
dam
dam
dam [
[
[
[
dAm
dAm
dAm
dAm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
水坝

T
o
c
ounter these natural obstacles the Tennessee
V
alley
A
uthority Act of 1933 created
the Tennessee
V
alley
A
uthority (TVA)
a
publ
ic agency with broad powers to promote
development
i
n
t
he region including the authority to build dams and reservoirs and to
generate and sell hydroelectric power

9
9
9
9 chambers
chambers
chambers
chambers
（
chamber[
chamber[
chamber[
chamber[
5tFeImbE
5tFeImbE
5tFeImbE
5tFeImbE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
室

Heat rising from numerous openings (called fumaroles) along the inner crater walls老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
79
79
79
79
m
elts out chambers between the rocky walls and the overlying ice pack

9
9
9
9 census
census
census
census [
[
[
[
5sensEs
5sensEs
5sensEs
5sensEs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
口普查

While the Census Bureau and the United States government used the term SMSA (by
1969 there were 233 of them) social scientists were also using new terms to describe
the elusive vaguely defined areas reaching out from what used to be simple town and
cities

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
9
9
9
9 capillary
capillary
capillary
capillary [
[
[
[
kE5pIlErI
kE5pIlErI
kE5pIlErI
kE5pIlErI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
毛细
n
n
n
n
毛细

Somewhat more promising have been recent experiments for releasing capillary water
(water
i
n
t
he soil) above the water table by injecting compressed are into the ground

9
9
9
9 boundaries
boundaries
boundaries
boundaries
（
boundary[
boundary[
boundary[
boundary[
5baJndErI
5baJndErI
5baJndErI
5baJndErI
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
边界

Hawaii Easter Island and New Zealand mark the boundaries of Polynesia

9
9
9
9 automobile
automobile
automobile
automobile [
[
[
[
5CtEmEJbil 7CtE5mEJbIl 7CtEmE5bil
5CtEmEJbil 7CtE5mEJbIl 7CtEmE5bil
5CtEmEJbil 7CtE5mEJbIl 7CtEmE5bil
5CtEmEJbil 7CtE5mEJbIl 7CtEmE5bil
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
汽车

In 1914 Henry Ford reduced daily work hours at his automobile plants from 9 to 8

9
9
9
9 astronomers
astronomers
astronomers
astronomers
（
astronomer[
astronomer[
astronomer[
astronomer[
E5stDDnEmE(D)
E5stDDnEmE(D)
E5stDDnEmE(D)
E5stDDnEmE(D)
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
天文学家
5
5
5
5 astronomy
astronomy
astronomy
astronomy [
[
[
[
E5stDDnEmI
E5stDDnEmI
E5stDDnEmI
E5stDDnEmI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
天文学
4
4
4
4 astronomical
astronomical
astronomical
astronomical [
[
[
[
AstDE5nDmIk(E)l
AstDE5nDmIk(E)l
AstDE5nDmIk(E)l
AstDE5nDmIk(E)l
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
天文学

These double radio sources present astronomers with
a
pu
zzle

9
9
9
9 advent
advent
advent
advent [
[
[
[
5AdvEnt
5AdvEnt
5AdvEnt
5AdvEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
出现

They mad these until the advent of the Revolutionary
W
ar
i
n
I 775 w
hen everything
English came to be frowned upon

8
8
8
8 wilderness
wilderness
wilderness
wilderness [
[
[
[
5wIldEnIs
5wIldEnIs
5wIldEnIs
5wIldEnIs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
荒野

In North America they started as wilderness communities and developed to mature
urbanism
’
s i
n
l
ittle more than
a
c
entury

8
8
8
8 wages
wages
wages
wages
（
wage[
wage[
wage[
wage[
weIdV
weIdV
weIdV
weIdV
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
薪水

And as the new markets created fortunes for the few the factory system lowered the
wages of workers by dividing labor into smaller less skilled tasks

8
8
8
8 vital
vital
vital
vital [
[
[
[
5vaItl
5vaItl
5vaItl
5vaItl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
重

Modern architectural forms generally have three separate components comparable to
elements of the human body
a
s
upporting skeleton or frame
a
n
ou
ter skin enclosing the
interior spaces equipment similar to the body
’
s
v
ital organs and systems

8
8
8
8 tundra
tundra
tundra
tundra [
[
[
[
5tQndrE
5tQndrE
5tQndrE
5tQndrE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
冻土带

The woolly mammoth alonghaired rhinoceros and other mammals have been
periodically exposed
i
n
t
he tundra of Siberia the hair and red flesh still frozen
i
n
c
old
storage

8
8
8
8 tile
tile
tile
tile [
[
[
[
taIl
taIl
taIl
taIl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
瓦

Molds were used to create particular effects for some products such as relief
decorated vessels and figurines for other products such as roof tiles which were
needed
i
n
s
ome quantity they were used to facilitate mass production

8
8
8
8 therapy
therapy
therapy
therapy [
[
[
[
5WerEpI
5WerEpI
5WerEpI
5WerEpI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
治疗

In the third era of nutritional history
i
n
t
he early 1950＇s to mid1960＇s vitamin therapy
began to fall into disrepute

8
8
8
8 swamps
swamps
swamps
swamps
（
swamp[
swamp[
swamp[
swamp[
swDmp
swDmp
swDmp
swDmp
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
沼泽

The beds of ancient lakes were also excellent sites for rapid burial of skeletal remains
of freshwater organisms and skeletons of other animals including those of early
humans Ancient swamps were particularly plentiful with prolific growths of vegetation
which fossilized
i
n
a
bundance

8
8
8
8 susceptible
susceptible
susceptible
susceptible [
[
[
[
sE5septEbl
sE5septEbl
sE5septEbl
sE5septEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
易受




影响

Since the raising of most crops necessitates the prior removal of the natural vegetation老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
79
79
79
79
m
elts out chambers between the rocky walls and the overlying ice pack

9
9
9
9 census
census
census
census [
[
[
[
5sensEs
5sensEs
5sensEs
5sensEs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
口普查

While the Census Bureau and the United States government used the term SMSA (by
1969 there were 233 of them) social scientists were also using new terms to describe
the elusive vaguely defined areas reaching out from what used to be simple town and
cities

老师
Blog
：
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9
9
9
9 capillary
capillary
capillary
capillary [
[
[
[
kE5pIlErI
kE5pIlErI
kE5pIlErI
kE5pIlErI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
毛细
n
n
n
n
毛细

Somewhat more promising have been recent experiments for releasing capillary water
(water
i
n
t
he soil) above the water table by injecting compressed are into the ground

9
9
9
9 boundaries
boundaries
boundaries
boundaries
（
boundary[
boundary[
boundary[
boundary[
5baJndErI
5baJndErI
5baJndErI
5baJndErI
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
边界

Hawaii Easter Island and New Zealand mark the boundaries of Polynesia

9
9
9
9 automobile
automobile
automobile
automobile [
[
[
[
5CtEmEJbil 7CtE5mEJbIl 7CtEmE5bil
5CtEmEJbil 7CtE5mEJbIl 7CtEmE5bil
5CtEmEJbil 7CtE5mEJbIl 7CtEmE5bil
5CtEmEJbil 7CtE5mEJbIl 7CtEmE5bil
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
汽车

In 1914 Henry Ford reduced daily work hours at his automobile plants from 9 to 8

9
9
9
9 astronomers
astronomers
astronomers
astronomers
（
astronomer[
astronomer[
astronomer[
astronomer[
E5stDDnEmE(D)
E5stDDnEmE(D)
E5stDDnEmE(D)
E5stDDnEmE(D)
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
天文学家
5
5
5
5 astronomy
astronomy
astronomy
astronomy [
[
[
[
E5stDDnEmI
E5stDDnEmI
E5stDDnEmI
E5stDDnEmI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
天文学
4
4
4
4 astronomical
astronomical
astronomical
astronomical [
[
[
[
AstDE5nDmIk(E)l
AstDE5nDmIk(E)l
AstDE5nDmIk(E)l
AstDE5nDmIk(E)l
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
天文学

These double radio sources present astronomers with
a
pu
zzle

9
9
9
9 advent
advent
advent
advent [
[
[
[
5AdvEnt
5AdvEnt
5AdvEnt
5AdvEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
出现

They mad these until the advent of the Revolutionary
W
ar
i
n
I 775 w
hen everything
English came to be frowned upon

8
8
8
8 wilderness
wilderness
wilderness
wilderness [
[
[
[
5wIldEnIs
5wIldEnIs
5wIldEnIs
5wIldEnIs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
荒野

In North America they started as wilderness communities and developed to mature
urbanism
’
s i
n
l
ittle more than
a
c
entury

8
8
8
8 wages
wages
wages
wages
（
wage[
wage[
wage[
wage[
weIdV
weIdV
weIdV
weIdV
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
薪水

And as the new markets created fortunes for the few the factory system lowered the
wages of workers by dividing labor into smaller less skilled tasks

8
8
8
8 vital
vital
vital
vital [
[
[
[
5vaItl
5vaItl
5vaItl
5vaItl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
重

Modern architectural forms generally have three separate components comparable to
elements of the human body
a
s
upporting skeleton or frame
a
n
ou
ter skin enclosing the
interior spaces equipment similar to the body
’
s
v
ital organs and systems

8
8
8
8 tundra
tundra
tundra
tundra [
[
[
[
5tQndrE
5tQndrE
5tQndrE
5tQndrE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
冻土带

The woolly mammoth alonghaired rhinoceros and other mammals have been
periodically exposed
i
n
t
he tundra of Siberia the hair and red flesh still frozen
i
n
c
old
storage

8
8
8
8 tile
tile
tile
tile [
[
[
[
taIl
taIl
taIl
taIl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
瓦

Molds were used to create particular effects for some products such as relief
decorated vessels and figurines for other products such as roof tiles which were
needed
i
n
s
ome quantity they were used to facilitate mass production

8
8
8
8 therapy
therapy
therapy
therapy [
[
[
[
5WerEpI
5WerEpI
5WerEpI
5WerEpI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
治疗

In the third era of nutritional history
i
n
t
he early 1950＇s to mid1960＇s vitamin therapy
began to fall into disrepute

8
8
8
8 swamps
swamps
swamps
swamps
（
swamp[
swamp[
swamp[
swamp[
swDmp
swDmp
swDmp
swDmp
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
沼泽

The beds of ancient lakes were also excellent sites for rapid burial of skeletal remains
of freshwater organisms and skeletons of other animals including those of early
humans Ancient swamps were particularly plentiful with prolific growths of vegetation
which fossilized
i
n
a
bundance

8
8
8
8 susceptible
susceptible
susceptible
susceptible [
[
[
[
sE5septEbl
sE5septEbl
sE5septEbl
sE5septEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
易受




影响

Since the raising of most crops necessitates the prior removal of the natural vegetation老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
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英语前线
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师
Blog
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Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
80
80
80
80
c
rop failures leave extensive tracts of land devoid of
a
pl
ant cover and susceptible to
wind and water erosion

8
8
8
8 surpluses
surpluses
surpluses
surpluses
（
surpluse
surpluse
surpluse
surpluse
）
n
n
n
n
剩余

Whigs appealed to planters who needed credit to finance their cotton and rice trade
i
n
t
he world market to farmers who were eager to sell their surpluses and to workers who
wished to improve themselves

8
8
8
8 slide
slide
slide
slide [
[
[
[
slaId
slaId
slaId
slaId
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
滑
动

Shortly after the Cambrian explosion mud slides rapidly buried thousands of marine
animals under conditions that favored fossilization

8
8
8
8 shallow
shallow
shallow
shallow [
[
[
[
5FAlEJ
5FAlEJ
5FAlEJ
5FAlEJ
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
浅

It has been suggested that Pakicetus fed
o
n
f
ish
i
n
s
hallow water and was not yet
adapted for life
i
n
t
he open ocean

8
8
8
8 sensitive
sensitive
sensitive
sensitive [
[
[
[
5sensItIv
5sensItIv
5sensItIv
5sensItIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
敏感
5
5
5
5 sensitivity
sensitivity
sensitivity
sensitivity [
[
[
[
5sensI5tIvItI
5sensI5tIvItI
5sensI5tIvItI
5sensI5tIvItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
敏感
4
4
4
4 hypersensitive
hypersensitive
hypersensitive
hypersensitive [
[
[
[
7haIpE()5sensItIv
7haIpE()5sensItIv
7haIpE()5sensItIv
7haIpE()5sensItIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
高灵敏度

Wind power is
a
v
irtually unlimited source of energy at favorable sites and even
excluding environmentally sensitive areas the global potential of wind power is much
higher than the current world electricity use

8
8
8
8 scrub
scrub
scrub
scrub [
[
[
[
skrQb
skrQb
skrQb
skrQb
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
灌木丛

Florida
’
s
s
urrounding lushness cannot impinge
o
n
i
ts desert scrubbiness

8
8
8
8 scents
scents
scents
scents
（
scent[
scent[
scent[
scent[
sent
sent
sent
sent
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
气味

As they go about their daily business breaking down lipids or fatty substances
o
n
t
he
skin these bacteria release volatile substances that usually strike the bloodhound＇s nose
as
a
n
e
ntire constellation of distinctive scents

8
8
8
8 routine
routine
routine
routine [
[
[
[
ru5tin
ru5tin
ru5tin
ru5tin
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
例行公事常规
adj
adj
adj
adj
例行

W
ith
t
he settled routine of Neolithic farmers came the evolution of towns and
eventually cities

8
8
8
8 resilience
resilience
resilience
resilience [
[
[
[
rI5zIlIEns
rI5zIlIEns
rI5zIlIEns
rI5zIlIEns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
弹性

The resilience of climax communities makes them resistant to destruction caused by
humans

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
8
8
8
8 relief
relief
relief
relief [
[
[
[
rI5lif
rI5lif
rI5lif
rI5lif
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
减轻

The plank＇s form dictated the rigidly frontal view and the low relief

8
8
8
8 reindeer
reindeer
reindeer
reindeer [
[
[
[
5reIndIE
5reIndIE
5reIndIE
5reIndIE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
驯鹿

Hunters avoided deer and reindeer because of their natural weapons such as horns

8
8
8
8 r
eefs
reefs
reefs
reefs
（
reef[
reef[
reef[
reef[
rif
rif
rif
rif
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
礁

Relatively little has been said however about diversity of life
i
n
t
he sea even though
coral reef systems are comparable to rain forests
i
n
t
erms of richness of life

8
8
8
8 reality
reality
reality
reality [
[
[
[
rI()5AlItI
rI()5AlItI
rI()5AlItI
rI()5AlItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
现实

The slices of reality that are to be learned whether they are the alphabet or
a
n
unde
rstanding of the workings of governments have usually been limited by the
boundaries of the subject being taught

8
8
8
8 radically
radically
radically
radically [
[
[
[
`rAdIkElI
`rAdIkElI
`rAdIkElI
`rAdIkElI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
完全

These changes radically altered the nature of work during the half century between
1870 and 1920

8
8
8
8 propulsion
propulsion
propulsion
propulsion [
[
[
[
prE5pQlFEn
prE5pQlFEn
prE5pQlFEn
prE5pQlFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
推进推进力

Scientists and engineers are beginning to study this ability of fishes
i
n
t
he hope of
designing more efficient propulsion systems for ships
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
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wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
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英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
80
80
80
80
c
rop failures leave extensive tracts of land devoid of
a
pl
ant cover and susceptible to
wind and water erosion

8
8
8
8 surpluses
surpluses
surpluses
surpluses
（
surpluse
surpluse
surpluse
surpluse
）
n
n
n
n
剩余

Whigs appealed to planters who needed credit to finance their cotton and rice trade
i
n
t
he world market to farmers who were eager to sell their surpluses and to workers who
wished to improve themselves

8
8
8
8 slide
slide
slide
slide [
[
[
[
slaId
slaId
slaId
slaId
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
滑
动

Shortly after the Cambrian explosion mud slides rapidly buried thousands of marine
animals under conditions that favored fossilization

8
8
8
8 shallow
shallow
shallow
shallow [
[
[
[
5FAlEJ
5FAlEJ
5FAlEJ
5FAlEJ
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
浅

It has been suggested that Pakicetus fed
o
n
f
ish
i
n
s
hallow water and was not yet
adapted for life
i
n
t
he open ocean

8
8
8
8 sensitive
sensitive
sensitive
sensitive [
[
[
[
5sensItIv
5sensItIv
5sensItIv
5sensItIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
敏感
5
5
5
5 sensitivity
sensitivity
sensitivity
sensitivity [
[
[
[
5sensI5tIvItI
5sensI5tIvItI
5sensI5tIvItI
5sensI5tIvItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
敏感
4
4
4
4 hypersensitive
hypersensitive
hypersensitive
hypersensitive [
[
[
[
7haIpE()5sensItIv
7haIpE()5sensItIv
7haIpE()5sensItIv
7haIpE()5sensItIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
高灵敏度

Wind power is
a
v
irtually unlimited source of energy at favorable sites and even
excluding environmentally sensitive areas the global potential of wind power is much
higher than the current world electricity use

8
8
8
8 scrub
scrub
scrub
scrub [
[
[
[
skrQb
skrQb
skrQb
skrQb
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
灌木丛

Florida
’
s
s
urrounding lushness cannot impinge
o
n
i
ts desert scrubbiness

8
8
8
8 scents
scents
scents
scents
（
scent[
scent[
scent[
scent[
sent
sent
sent
sent
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
气味

As they go about their daily business breaking down lipids or fatty substances
o
n
t
he
skin these bacteria release volatile substances that usually strike the bloodhound＇s nose
as
a
n
e
ntire constellation of distinctive scents

8
8
8
8 routine
routine
routine
routine [
[
[
[
ru5tin
ru5tin
ru5tin
ru5tin
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
例行公事常规
adj
adj
adj
adj
例行

W
ith
t
he settled routine of Neolithic farmers came the evolution of towns and
eventually cities

8
8
8
8 resilience
resilience
resilience
resilience [
[
[
[
rI5zIlIEns
rI5zIlIEns
rI5zIlIEns
rI5zIlIEns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
弹性

The resilience of climax communities makes them resistant to destruction caused by
humans

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
8
8
8
8 relief
relief
relief
relief [
[
[
[
rI5lif
rI5lif
rI5lif
rI5lif
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
减轻

The plank＇s form dictated the rigidly frontal view and the low relief

8
8
8
8 reindeer
reindeer
reindeer
reindeer [
[
[
[
5reIndIE
5reIndIE
5reIndIE
5reIndIE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
驯鹿

Hunters avoided deer and reindeer because of their natural weapons such as horns

8
8
8
8 r
eefs
reefs
reefs
reefs
（
reef[
reef[
reef[
reef[
rif
rif
rif
rif
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
礁

Relatively little has been said however about diversity of life
i
n
t
he sea even though
coral reef systems are comparable to rain forests
i
n
t
erms of richness of life

8
8
8
8 reality
reality
reality
reality [
[
[
[
rI()5AlItI
rI()5AlItI
rI()5AlItI
rI()5AlItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
现实

The slices of reality that are to be learned whether they are the alphabet or
a
n
unde
rstanding of the workings of governments have usually been limited by the
boundaries of the subject being taught

8
8
8
8 radically
radically
radically
radically [
[
[
[
`rAdIkElI
`rAdIkElI
`rAdIkElI
`rAdIkElI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
完全

These changes radically altered the nature of work during the half century between
1870 and 1920

8
8
8
8 propulsion
propulsion
propulsion
propulsion [
[
[
[
prE5pQlFEn
prE5pQlFEn
prE5pQlFEn
prE5pQlFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
推进推进力

Scientists and engineers are beginning to study this ability of fishes
i
n
t
he hope of
designing more efficient propulsion systems for ships
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
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师
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留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
81
81
81
81
8
8
8
8 p
ride
pride
pride
pride [
[
[
[
praId
praId
praId
praId
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
豪
v

v
v
v






豪

Locke strongly suggested that individuals while accepting their Americanism take
pride
i
n
t
heir African ancestral arts and urged artists to look to Africa for substance and
inspiration

8
8
8
8 precise
precise
precise
precise [
[
[
[
prI5saIs
prI5saIs
prI5saIs
prI5saIs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
精确

The suggestions became more explicit and so emerged the musical cue sheet
containing indications of mood the titles of suitable pieces of music and precise
directions to show where one piece led into the next

8
8
8
8 postal
postal
postal
postal [
[
[
[
5pEJstEl
5pEJstEl
5pEJstEl
5pEJstEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
邮局

In the early days of the United States postal charges were paid by the recipient and
Charges varied with the distance carried

8
8
8
8 polar
polar
polar
polar [
[
[
[
5pEJlE
5pEJlE
5pEJlE
5pEJlE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
两极

The upper timberline like the snow line is highest
i
n
t
he tropics and lowest
i
n
t
he
Polar Regions

8
8
8
8 platforms
platforms
platforms
platforms
（
platform[
platform[
platform[
platform[
5plAtfCm
5plAtfCm
5plAtfCm
5plAtfCm
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
月台

Constructing technologically advanced drilling platforms

8
8
8
8 pent
pent
pent
pent
[
[
[
[
piIst
piIst
piIst
piIst
]
]
]
]
adj
adj
adj
adj
抑制

Pentup aggressive impulses demand outlets

8
8
8
8 paleontologists
paleontologists
paleontologists
paleontologists
（
paleontologist
paleontologist
paleontologist
paleontologist
）
n
n
n
n
古生物学者

Recently however paleontologists have been taking
a
c
loser look at the sediments
below this SilurianDevonian geological boundary

8
8
8
8 outline
outline
outline
outline [
[
[
[
5EJtlaIn
5EJtlaIn
5EJtlaIn
5EJtlaIn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
外形轮廓
v

v
v
v
描
画轮廓

Children today make similar outlines of their hands with crayons
o
n
pa
per

8
8
8
8 outlets
outlets
outlets
outlets
（
outlet[
outlet[
outlet[
outlet[
5aJtlet lIt
5aJtlet lIt
5aJtlet lIt
5aJtlet lIt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
出口

The Great Basin is hemmed
i
n
o
n
t
he west by the Sierra Nevada and
o
n
t
he east by the
Rocky Mountains
i
t
ha
s no outlet to the sea

8
8
8
8 opponents
opponents
opponents
opponents
（
opponent[
opponent[
opponent[
opponent[
E5pEJnEnt
E5pEJnEnt
E5pEJnEnt
E5pEJnEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
手
adj
adj
adj
adj
敌

During Jackson＇s second term his opponents had gradually come together to form the
Whig party

8
8
8
8 mode
mode
mode
mode [
[
[
[
mEJd
mEJd
mEJd
mEJd
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
模态

The older painters most of whom were born before 1835 practiced
i
n
a
m
ode often
selftaught and monopolized by landscape subject matter and were securely established
i
n
a
nd fostered by the reigning American art organization the National Academy of
Design

8
8
8
8 mining
mining
mining
mining
（
mine[
mine[
mine[
mine[
maIn
maIn
maIn
maIn
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
开
采
n
n
n
n
矿

States chartered manufacturing baking mining and transportation firms and
participated
i
n
t
he construction of various internal improvements such as canals
turnpikes and railroads

8
8
8
8 mathematical
mathematical
mathematical
mathematical [
[
[
[
7mAWI5mAtIkEl
7mAWI5mAtIkEl
7mAWI5mAtIkEl
7mAWI5mAtIkEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
数学

Mathematical models of ecosystems likewise suggest that diversity does not guarantee
ecosystem stability—just the opposite
i
n
f
act

8
8
8
8 mammoths
mammoths
mammoths
mammoths
（
mammoth[
mammoth[
mammoth[
mammoth[
5mAmEW
5mAmEW
5mAmEW
5mAmEW
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
长毛象

Amid rumors that there were prehistoric mammoths wandering around the unknown
region and that somewhere
i
n
i
ts wilds was
a
m
ountain of rock salt 80 by 45 miles
i
n
e
xtent the two captains set out

8
8
8
8 lunar
lunar
lunar
lunar [
[
[
[
5ljunE
5ljunE
5ljunE
5ljunE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
阴历

This impact released
a
n
e
normous amount of energy excavating
a
c
rater about twice as
large as the lunar crater Tycho
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
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英语前线
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师
Blog
Blog
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：
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留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
81
81
81
81
8
8
8
8 p
ride
pride
pride
pride [
[
[
[
praId
praId
praId
praId
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
豪
v

v
v
v






豪

Locke strongly suggested that individuals while accepting their Americanism take
pride
i
n
t
heir African ancestral arts and urged artists to look to Africa for substance and
inspiration

8
8
8
8 precise
precise
precise
precise [
[
[
[
prI5saIs
prI5saIs
prI5saIs
prI5saIs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
精确

The suggestions became more explicit and so emerged the musical cue sheet
containing indications of mood the titles of suitable pieces of music and precise
directions to show where one piece led into the next

8
8
8
8 postal
postal
postal
postal [
[
[
[
5pEJstEl
5pEJstEl
5pEJstEl
5pEJstEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
邮局

In the early days of the United States postal charges were paid by the recipient and
Charges varied with the distance carried

8
8
8
8 polar
polar
polar
polar [
[
[
[
5pEJlE
5pEJlE
5pEJlE
5pEJlE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
两极

The upper timberline like the snow line is highest
i
n
t
he tropics and lowest
i
n
t
he
Polar Regions

8
8
8
8 platforms
platforms
platforms
platforms
（
platform[
platform[
platform[
platform[
5plAtfCm
5plAtfCm
5plAtfCm
5plAtfCm
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
月台

Constructing technologically advanced drilling platforms

8
8
8
8 pent
pent
pent
pent
[
[
[
[
piIst
piIst
piIst
piIst
]
]
]
]
adj
adj
adj
adj
抑制

Pentup aggressive impulses demand outlets

8
8
8
8 paleontologists
paleontologists
paleontologists
paleontologists
（
paleontologist
paleontologist
paleontologist
paleontologist
）
n
n
n
n
古生物学者

Recently however paleontologists have been taking
a
c
loser look at the sediments
below this SilurianDevonian geological boundary

8
8
8
8 outline
outline
outline
outline [
[
[
[
5EJtlaIn
5EJtlaIn
5EJtlaIn
5EJtlaIn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
外形轮廓
v

v
v
v
描
画轮廓

Children today make similar outlines of their hands with crayons
o
n
pa
per

8
8
8
8 outlets
outlets
outlets
outlets
（
outlet[
outlet[
outlet[
outlet[
5aJtlet lIt
5aJtlet lIt
5aJtlet lIt
5aJtlet lIt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
出口

The Great Basin is hemmed
i
n
o
n
t
he west by the Sierra Nevada and
o
n
t
he east by the
Rocky Mountains
i
t
ha
s no outlet to the sea

8
8
8
8 opponents
opponents
opponents
opponents
（
opponent[
opponent[
opponent[
opponent[
E5pEJnEnt
E5pEJnEnt
E5pEJnEnt
E5pEJnEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
手
adj
adj
adj
adj
敌

During Jackson＇s second term his opponents had gradually come together to form the
Whig party

8
8
8
8 mode
mode
mode
mode [
[
[
[
mEJd
mEJd
mEJd
mEJd
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
模态

The older painters most of whom were born before 1835 practiced
i
n
a
m
ode often
selftaught and monopolized by landscape subject matter and were securely established
i
n
a
nd fostered by the reigning American art organization the National Academy of
Design

8
8
8
8 mining
mining
mining
mining
（
mine[
mine[
mine[
mine[
maIn
maIn
maIn
maIn
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
开
采
n
n
n
n
矿

States chartered manufacturing baking mining and transportation firms and
participated
i
n
t
he construction of various internal improvements such as canals
turnpikes and railroads

8
8
8
8 mathematical
mathematical
mathematical
mathematical [
[
[
[
7mAWI5mAtIkEl
7mAWI5mAtIkEl
7mAWI5mAtIkEl
7mAWI5mAtIkEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
数学

Mathematical models of ecosystems likewise suggest that diversity does not guarantee
ecosystem stability—just the opposite
i
n
f
act

8
8
8
8 mammoths
mammoths
mammoths
mammoths
（
mammoth[
mammoth[
mammoth[
mammoth[
5mAmEW
5mAmEW
5mAmEW
5mAmEW
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
长毛象

Amid rumors that there were prehistoric mammoths wandering around the unknown
region and that somewhere
i
n
i
ts wilds was
a
m
ountain of rock salt 80 by 45 miles
i
n
e
xtent the two captains set out

8
8
8
8 lunar
lunar
lunar
lunar [
[
[
[
5ljunE
5ljunE
5ljunE
5ljunE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
阴历

This impact released
a
n
e
normous amount of energy excavating
a
c
rater about twice as
large as the lunar crater Tycho
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
82
82
82
82
8
8
8
8 l
iterary
literary
literary
literary [
[
[
[
5lItErErI
5lItErErI
5lItErErI
5lItErErI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
文学

Her productivity since then has been prodigious accumulating
i
n
l
ess than two
decades to nearly thirty titles including novels collections of short stories and verse
plays and literary criticism

8
8
8
8 leaf
leaf
leaf
leaf [
[
[
[
lif
lif
lif
lif
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
叶
3
3
3
3 leafy
leafy
leafy
leafy [
[
[
[
5lifI
5lifI
5lifI
5lifI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
叶茂盛

Mineral deficiencies can often be detected by specific symptoms such as chlorosis
(loss of chlorophyll resulting
i
n
y
ellow or white leaf issue) necrosis (isolated dead
patches) anthocyanin formation (development of deep red pigmentation of leaves or
stem) stunted growth and development of woody tissue
i
n an
he
rbaceous plant

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
8
8
8
8 lava
lava
lava
lava [
[
[
[
5lBvE
5lBvE
5lBvE
5lBvE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
熔岩

The Cascades are made up of lavas and volcanic materials

8
8
8
8 laboratory
laboratory
laboratory
laboratory [
[
[
[
lE5bDrEtErI 5lAbErEtErI
lE5bDrEtErI 5lAbErEtErI
lE5bDrEtErI 5lAbErEtErI
lE5bDrEtErI 5lAbErEtErI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
实验室

Differences between the behavior of animals
i
n
t
heir natural environments and
i
n
l
aboratory experiments

8
8
8
8 intermediate
intermediate
intermediate
intermediate [
[
[
[
7IntE5midjEt
7IntE5midjEt
7IntE5midjEt
7IntE5midjEt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
中间中级
n
n
n
n
中间物

Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate or transitional between land
mammals and cetaceans

8
8
8
8 institute
institute
institute
institute [
[
[
[
5InstItjut
5InstItjut
5InstItjut
5InstItjut
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
协会学院
v

v
v
v
创
立
3
3
3
3 institution
institution
institution
institution [
[
[
[
7InstI5tjuFEn
7InstI5tjuFEn
7InstI5tjuFEn
7InstI5tjuFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
机构

They left the AcademyInstitute
a
uni
que bequest for five consecutive years two
distinguished (and financially needy) writers would receive enough money so they
could devote themselves entirely to prose literature (no plays no poetry and no
paying job that might distract)

8
8
8
8 inhibits
inhibits
inhibits
inhibits
（
inhibit[
inhibit[
inhibit[
inhibit[
In5hIbIt
In5hIbIt
In5hIbIt
In5hIbIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
禁
止抑制

Where the forest inhibits the growth of grass and other meadow plants the black
tailed deer browses
o
n
huc
kleberry salad dogwood and almost any other shrub or
herb

8
8
8
8 imparted
imparted
imparted
imparted
（
impart[
impart[
impart[
impart[
Im5pBt
Im5pBt
Im5pBt
Im5pBt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
告
知

Thus interest is imparted to the bead both by use and the effects of time

8
8
8
8 harsh
harsh
harsh
harsh [
[
[
[
hBF
hBF
hBF
hBF
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
刺耳

Emotional health is evidenced
i
n
t
he voice by free and melodic sounds of the happy
by constricted and harsh sound of the angry and by dull and lethargic qualities of the
depressed

8
8
8
8 harmful
harmful
harmful
harmful [
[
[
[
5hBmfJl
5hBmfJl
5hBmfJl
5hBmfJl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
害
6
6
6
6 harm
harm
harm
harm [
[
[
[
hBm
hBm
hBm
hBm
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
伤
害

Though beneficial
i
n
l
ower levels high levels of salts other minerals and heavy
metals can be harmful to plants

8
8
8
8 halls
halls
halls
halls
（
hall[
hall[
hall[
hall[
hCl
hCl
hCl
hCl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
门厅

Significantly the use of exposed iron occurred mainly
i
n
t
he new building types
spawned by the Industrial Revolution
i
n
f
actories warehouses commercial offices
exhibition halls and railroad stations where its practical advantages far outweighed it
s
l
ack of status

8
8
8
8 guarantee
guarantee
guarantee
guarantee [
[
[
[
7^ArEn5ti
7^ArEn5ti
7^ArEn5ti
7^ArEn5ti
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
保
证

The government＇s responsibility was to provide
a
w
ellregulated economy that
guaranteed opportunity for citizens of ability

8
8
8
8 gratify
gratify
gratify
gratify [
[
[
[
5^rAtIfaI
5^rAtIfaI
5^rAtIfaI
5^rAtIfaI
]v
]v
]v
]v
满足

The word gratify
i
n
t
he passage is closest
i
n
m
eaning to satisfy
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
82
82
82
82
8
8
8
8 l
iterary
literary
literary
literary [
[
[
[
5lItErErI
5lItErErI
5lItErErI
5lItErErI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
文学

Her productivity since then has been prodigious accumulating
i
n
l
ess than two
decades to nearly thirty titles including novels collections of short stories and verse
plays and literary criticism

8
8
8
8 leaf
leaf
leaf
leaf [
[
[
[
lif
lif
lif
lif
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
叶
3
3
3
3 leafy
leafy
leafy
leafy [
[
[
[
5lifI
5lifI
5lifI
5lifI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
叶茂盛

Mineral deficiencies can often be detected by specific symptoms such as chlorosis
(loss of chlorophyll resulting
i
n
y
ellow or white leaf issue) necrosis (isolated dead
patches) anthocyanin formation (development of deep red pigmentation of leaves or
stem) stunted growth and development of woody tissue
i
n an
he
rbaceous plant

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
8
8
8
8 lava
lava
lava
lava [
[
[
[
5lBvE
5lBvE
5lBvE
5lBvE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
熔岩

The Cascades are made up of lavas and volcanic materials

8
8
8
8 laboratory
laboratory
laboratory
laboratory [
[
[
[
lE5bDrEtErI 5lAbErEtErI
lE5bDrEtErI 5lAbErEtErI
lE5bDrEtErI 5lAbErEtErI
lE5bDrEtErI 5lAbErEtErI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
实验室

Differences between the behavior of animals
i
n
t
heir natural environments and
i
n
l
aboratory experiments

8
8
8
8 intermediate
intermediate
intermediate
intermediate [
[
[
[
7IntE5midjEt
7IntE5midjEt
7IntE5midjEt
7IntE5midjEt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
中间中级
n
n
n
n
中间物

Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate or transitional between land
mammals and cetaceans

8
8
8
8 institute
institute
institute
institute [
[
[
[
5InstItjut
5InstItjut
5InstItjut
5InstItjut
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
协会学院
v

v
v
v
创
立
3
3
3
3 institution
institution
institution
institution [
[
[
[
7InstI5tjuFEn
7InstI5tjuFEn
7InstI5tjuFEn
7InstI5tjuFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
机构

They left the AcademyInstitute
a
uni
que bequest for five consecutive years two
distinguished (and financially needy) writers would receive enough money so they
could devote themselves entirely to prose literature (no plays no poetry and no
paying job that might distract)

8
8
8
8 inhibits
inhibits
inhibits
inhibits
（
inhibit[
inhibit[
inhibit[
inhibit[
In5hIbIt
In5hIbIt
In5hIbIt
In5hIbIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
禁
止抑制

Where the forest inhibits the growth of grass and other meadow plants the black
tailed deer browses
o
n
huc
kleberry salad dogwood and almost any other shrub or
herb

8
8
8
8 imparted
imparted
imparted
imparted
（
impart[
impart[
impart[
impart[
Im5pBt
Im5pBt
Im5pBt
Im5pBt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
告
知

Thus interest is imparted to the bead both by use and the effects of time

8
8
8
8 harsh
harsh
harsh
harsh [
[
[
[
hBF
hBF
hBF
hBF
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
刺耳

Emotional health is evidenced
i
n
t
he voice by free and melodic sounds of the happy
by constricted and harsh sound of the angry and by dull and lethargic qualities of the
depressed

8
8
8
8 harmful
harmful
harmful
harmful [
[
[
[
5hBmfJl
5hBmfJl
5hBmfJl
5hBmfJl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
害
6
6
6
6 harm
harm
harm
harm [
[
[
[
hBm
hBm
hBm
hBm
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
伤
害

Though beneficial
i
n
l
ower levels high levels of salts other minerals and heavy
metals can be harmful to plants

8
8
8
8 halls
halls
halls
halls
（
hall[
hall[
hall[
hall[
hCl
hCl
hCl
hCl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
门厅

Significantly the use of exposed iron occurred mainly
i
n
t
he new building types
spawned by the Industrial Revolution
i
n
f
actories warehouses commercial offices
exhibition halls and railroad stations where its practical advantages far outweighed it
s
l
ack of status

8
8
8
8 guarantee
guarantee
guarantee
guarantee [
[
[
[
7^ArEn5ti
7^ArEn5ti
7^ArEn5ti
7^ArEn5ti
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
保
证

The government＇s responsibility was to provide
a
w
ellregulated economy that
guaranteed opportunity for citizens of ability

8
8
8
8 gratify
gratify
gratify
gratify [
[
[
[
5^rAtIfaI
5^rAtIfaI
5^rAtIfaI
5^rAtIfaI
]v
]v
]v
]v
满足

The word gratify
i
n
t
he passage is closest
i
n
m
eaning to satisfy
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
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wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
83
83
83
83
8
8
8
8 ge
ographical
geographical
geographical
geographical [
[
[
[
7dVIE5^rAfIkEl
7dVIE5^rAfIkEl
7dVIE5^rAfIkEl
7dVIE5^rAfIkEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
理学
5
5
5
5 geographic
geographic
geographic
geographic [
[
[
[
7dVIE5^rAfIk
7dVIE5^rAfIk
7dVIE5^rAfIk
7dVIE5^rAfIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
理学
4
4
4
4 geographers
geographers
geographers
geographers
（
geographer[
geographer[
geographer[
geographer[
dVI5D^rEfE
dVI5D^rEfE
dVI5D^rEfE
dVI5D^rEfE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
理学者

The geographical location of
a
n
uppe
r timberline has
a
n
i
mpact
o
n
bot
h the ypes of
trees found there and their physical characteristics

8
8
8
8 galleries
galleries
galleries
galleries
（
galler
galler
galler
gallery
y
y
y[
[
[
[
5^AlErI
5^AlErI
5^AlErI
5^AlErI
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
画廊

There was almost no room for sculpture at the influential Fine Arts Society
’
s
57t
h
Street Galleries
i
n
N
ew York

8
8
8
8 furnace
furnace
furnace
furnace [
[
[
[
5f＼nIs
5f＼nIs
5f＼nIs
5f＼nIs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
火炉

In the modern manufacturing process liquid glass is fed directly from
a
gl
assmelting
furnace into
a
bus
hing
a
r
eceptacle pierced with hundreds of fine nozzles from which
the liquid issues
i
n
f
ine streams

8
8
8
8 fungus
fungus
fungus
fungus [
[
[
[
5fQN^Es
5fQN^Es
5fQN^Es
5fQN^Es
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
菌类

The difference between the chemical composition of the cell walls of fungi and those
of plants is of enormous importance because
i
t
e
nables the tips of the growing hyphae
the threadlike cells of the fungus to secrete enzymes that break down the walls of plant
cells without having any effect
o
n
t
hose of the fungus itself

8
8
8
8 frustrations
frustrations
frustrations
frustrations
（
frustration[
frustration[
frustration[
frustration[
frQs5treIFEn
frQs5treIFEn
frQs5treIFEn
frQs5treIFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
挫败

Sigmund Freud for example believed that aggressive impulses are inevitable
reactions to the frustrations of daily life

8
8
8
8 foundation
foundation
foundation
foundation [
[
[
[
faJn5deIFEn
faJn5deIFEn
faJn5deIFEn
faJn5deIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
基础建立

In areas where weather can become cold after eggs are laid
i
t
i
s very important to
maintain
a
de
ep foundation of nesting material to act as insulator against the cold
bottom of the box

8
8
8
8 fir
fir
fir
fir [
[
[
[
f＼
f＼
f＼
f＼
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
杉木

Roof beams of pine or fir had to be carried from logging areas
i
n
t
he mountain forests
many kilometers away

8
8
8
8 fairgrounds
fairgrounds
fairgrounds
fairgrounds
（
fairground[
fairground[
fairground[
fairground[
5feE^raJnd
5feE^raJnd
5feE^raJnd
5feE^raJnd
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
露天市场

Frequent trains and trolley cars connected the fairgrounds of the exposition with the
town and
o
n
s
everal occasions George Pullman himself guided the tours

8
8
8
8 expedition
expedition
expedition
expedition [
[
[
[
7ekspI5dIFEn
7ekspI5dIFEn
7ekspI5dIFEn
7ekspI5dIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
探险

And when game moved out of the lowlands
i
n
e
arly spring the expedition decided to
return east rather than face possible starvation

8
8
8
8 exert
exert
exert
exert [
[
[
[
I^5z＼t
I^5z＼t
I^5z＼t
I^5z＼t
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
发
挥运

The pressure exerted
o
n
t
he human body increases by 1 atmosphere for every 10
meters of depth
i
n
s
eawater so that
a
t
30 m
eters
i
n
s
eawater
a
di
ver is exposed to
a
pr
essure of about 4 atmospheres

8
8
8
8 exactly
exactly
exactly
exactly [
[
[
[
I^5zAktlI
I^5zAktlI
I^5zAktlI
I^5zAktlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
正确
5
5
5
5 exact
exact
exact
exact [
[
[
[
I^5zAkt
I^5zAkt
I^5zAkt
I^5zAkt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
精确

The quickdrying tempera demanded that the artist know exactly where each stroke be
placed before the brush met the panel and
i
t
r
equired the use of fine brushes

8
8
8
8 enzymes
enzymes
enzymes
enzymes
（
enzyme[
enzyme[
enzyme[
enzyme[
5enzaIm
5enzaIm
5enzaIm
5enzaIm
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
酵母

It is these cellulosedestroying enzymes that enable fungi to attack anything made
from wood wood pulp cotton flax or other plant material

8
8
8
8 eddies
eddies
eddies
eddies
（
eddy[
eddy[
eddy[
eddy[
5edI
5edI
5edI
5edI
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
漩涡

Perhaps most important of
a
ll
t
o these and other fast swimmers is their ability to sense
and make use of swirls and eddies (circular currents)
i
n
t
he water

8
8
8
8 eager
eager
eager
eager [
[
[
[
5i^E
5i^E
5i^E
5i^E
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
热心

Whigs appealed to planters who needed credit to finance their cotton and rice trade
i
n老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
83
83
83
83
8
8
8
8 ge
ographical
geographical
geographical
geographical [
[
[
[
7dVIE5^rAfIkEl
7dVIE5^rAfIkEl
7dVIE5^rAfIkEl
7dVIE5^rAfIkEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
理学
5
5
5
5 geographic
geographic
geographic
geographic [
[
[
[
7dVIE5^rAfIk
7dVIE5^rAfIk
7dVIE5^rAfIk
7dVIE5^rAfIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
理学
4
4
4
4 geographers
geographers
geographers
geographers
（
geographer[
geographer[
geographer[
geographer[
dVI5D^rEfE
dVI5D^rEfE
dVI5D^rEfE
dVI5D^rEfE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
理学者

The geographical location of
a
n
uppe
r timberline has
a
n
i
mpact
o
n
bot
h the ypes of
trees found there and their physical characteristics

8
8
8
8 galleries
galleries
galleries
galleries
（
galler
galler
galler
gallery
y
y
y[
[
[
[
5^AlErI
5^AlErI
5^AlErI
5^AlErI
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
画廊

There was almost no room for sculpture at the influential Fine Arts Society
’
s
57t
h
Street Galleries
i
n
N
ew York

8
8
8
8 furnace
furnace
furnace
furnace [
[
[
[
5f＼nIs
5f＼nIs
5f＼nIs
5f＼nIs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
火炉

In the modern manufacturing process liquid glass is fed directly from
a
gl
assmelting
furnace into
a
bus
hing
a
r
eceptacle pierced with hundreds of fine nozzles from which
the liquid issues
i
n
f
ine streams

8
8
8
8 fungus
fungus
fungus
fungus [
[
[
[
5fQN^Es
5fQN^Es
5fQN^Es
5fQN^Es
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
菌类

The difference between the chemical composition of the cell walls of fungi and those
of plants is of enormous importance because
i
t
e
nables the tips of the growing hyphae
the threadlike cells of the fungus to secrete enzymes that break down the walls of plant
cells without having any effect
o
n
t
hose of the fungus itself

8
8
8
8 frustrations
frustrations
frustrations
frustrations
（
frustration[
frustration[
frustration[
frustration[
frQs5treIFEn
frQs5treIFEn
frQs5treIFEn
frQs5treIFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
挫败

Sigmund Freud for example believed that aggressive impulses are inevitable
reactions to the frustrations of daily life

8
8
8
8 foundation
foundation
foundation
foundation [
[
[
[
faJn5deIFEn
faJn5deIFEn
faJn5deIFEn
faJn5deIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
基础建立

In areas where weather can become cold after eggs are laid
i
t
i
s very important to
maintain
a
de
ep foundation of nesting material to act as insulator against the cold
bottom of the box

8
8
8
8 fir
fir
fir
fir [
[
[
[
f＼
f＼
f＼
f＼
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
杉木

Roof beams of pine or fir had to be carried from logging areas
i
n
t
he mountain forests
many kilometers away

8
8
8
8 fairgrounds
fairgrounds
fairgrounds
fairgrounds
（
fairground[
fairground[
fairground[
fairground[
5feE^raJnd
5feE^raJnd
5feE^raJnd
5feE^raJnd
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
露天市场

Frequent trains and trolley cars connected the fairgrounds of the exposition with the
town and
o
n
s
everal occasions George Pullman himself guided the tours

8
8
8
8 expedition
expedition
expedition
expedition [
[
[
[
7ekspI5dIFEn
7ekspI5dIFEn
7ekspI5dIFEn
7ekspI5dIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
探险

And when game moved out of the lowlands
i
n
e
arly spring the expedition decided to
return east rather than face possible starvation

8
8
8
8 exert
exert
exert
exert [
[
[
[
I^5z＼t
I^5z＼t
I^5z＼t
I^5z＼t
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
发
挥运

The pressure exerted
o
n
t
he human body increases by 1 atmosphere for every 10
meters of depth
i
n
s
eawater so that
a
t
30 m
eters
i
n
s
eawater
a
di
ver is exposed to
a
pr
essure of about 4 atmospheres

8
8
8
8 exactly
exactly
exactly
exactly [
[
[
[
I^5zAktlI
I^5zAktlI
I^5zAktlI
I^5zAktlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
正确
5
5
5
5 exact
exact
exact
exact [
[
[
[
I^5zAkt
I^5zAkt
I^5zAkt
I^5zAkt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
精确

The quickdrying tempera demanded that the artist know exactly where each stroke be
placed before the brush met the panel and
i
t
r
equired the use of fine brushes

8
8
8
8 enzymes
enzymes
enzymes
enzymes
（
enzyme[
enzyme[
enzyme[
enzyme[
5enzaIm
5enzaIm
5enzaIm
5enzaIm
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
酵母

It is these cellulosedestroying enzymes that enable fungi to attack anything made
from wood wood pulp cotton flax or other plant material

8
8
8
8 eddies
eddies
eddies
eddies
（
eddy[
eddy[
eddy[
eddy[
5edI
5edI
5edI
5edI
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
漩涡

Perhaps most important of
a
ll
t
o these and other fast swimmers is their ability to sense
and make use of swirls and eddies (circular currents)
i
n
t
he water

8
8
8
8 eager
eager
eager
eager [
[
[
[
5i^E
5i^E
5i^E
5i^E
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
热心

Whigs appealed to planters who needed credit to finance their cotton and rice trade
i
n老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
84
84
84
84
t
he world market to farmers who were eager to sell their surpluses and to workers who
wished to improve themselves

8
8
8
8 diver
diver
diver
diver [
[
[
[
5daIvE
5daIvE
5daIvE
5daIvE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
潜水者
4
4
4
4 dive
dive
dive
dive [
[
[
[
daIv
daIv
daIv
daIv
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
跳
水潜水

T
o
a
void this event
a
di
ver must ascent slowly never at
a
r
ate exceeding the rise of the
exhaled air bubbles and must exhale during ascent

8
8
8
8 dimensional
dimensional
dimensional
dimensional [
[
[
[
dI5menFEnEl
dI5menFEnEl
dI5menFEnEl
dI5menFEnEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
空间
4
4
4
4 dimensions
dimensions
dimensions
dimensions
（
dimension[
dimension[
dimension[
dimension[
dI5menFEn
dI5menFEn
dI5menFEn
dI5menFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
尺寸

But sculpture as
a
hi
gh art practiced by artists who knew both the artistic theory of
their RenaissanceBaroqueRococo predecessors and the various technical procedures
of modeling casting and carving rich threedimensional forms was not known among
Americans
i
n
1776

8
8
8
8 d
igging
digging
digging
digging
（
dig[
dig[
dig[
dig[
dI^
dI^
dI^
dI^
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
刺




碰
v

v
v
v
掘
挖

T
o
m
ake
a
t
wig more effective for digging out termites for examplea chimp may firs
t
s
trip
i
t
of i
ts leaves

8
8
8
8 density
density
density
density [
[
[
[
5densItI
5densItI
5densItI
5densItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
密度

Petroleum tends to rise to the surface since
i
t
i
s lower
i
n
de
nsity than water

8
8
8
8 cuneiform
cuneiform
cuneiform
cuneiform [
[
[
[
5kjunIIfCm
5kjunIIfCm
5kjunIIfCm
5kjunIIfCm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
楔形文字

Then inscriptions found
i
n
ba
a at the end of the eighteenth century provided
a
l
ink
these inscriptions were written
i
n
c
uneiform and
i
n
t
wo other ancient languages Old
Persian and New Elamitelanguages that had already been deciphered

8
8
8
8 countryside
countryside
countryside
countryside [
[
[
[
5kQntrIsaId
5kQntrIsaId
5kQntrIsaId
5kQntrIsaId
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
乡方

Many ants forage across the countryside
i
n
l
arge numbers and undertake mass
migrations these activities proceed because one ant lays
a
t
rail
o
n
t
he ground for the
others to follow

8
8
8
8 costumes
costumes
costumes
costumes
（
costume[
costume[
costume[
costume[
5kDstjum 5tjum
5kDstjum 5tjum
5kDstjum 5tjum
5kDstjum 5tjum
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
服装
v

v
v
v





设
计服装

Wearing masks and costumes they often impersonated other people animals or
supernatural beings and mimed the desired effectsuccess
i
n
hunt or ba
ttle the coming
rain the revival of the Sunas
a
n
a
ctor might

8
8
8
8 constituent
constituent
constituent
constituent [
[
[
[
kEn5stItjJEnt
kEn5stItjJEnt
kEn5stItjJEnt
kEn5stItjJEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
素

In the eighteenth century Antoine Lavoisier
o
n
t
he basis of careful experimentation
was led to propose
a
di
fferent theory of burning one that required
a
c
onstituent of air
later shown to be oxygen for combustion

8
8
8
8 conservation
conservation
conservation
conservation [
[
[
[
7kDnsE()5veIFEn
7kDnsE()5veIFEn
7kDnsE()5veIFEn
7kDnsE()5veIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
保存
4
4
4
4 conservative
conservative
conservative
conservative [
[
[
[
kEn5s＼vEtIv
kEn5s＼vEtIv
kEn5s＼vEtIv
kEn5s＼vEtIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
保守

Second conservation has been insured by limiting times for and types of hunting

8
8
8
8 congress
congress
congress
congress [
[
[
[
5kDN^res
5kDN^res
5kDN^res
5kDN^res
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
会议

In 1991 the United States Congress asked NASA to investigate the hazard posed today
by large impacts
o
n
E
arth

8
8
8
8 concur
concur
concur
concur [
[
[
[
kEn5k＼
kEn5k＼
kEn5k＼
kEn5k＼
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
意
见相

Most investigators concur that certain facial expressions suggest the same emotions i
n
a
ll
pe
ople

8
8
8
8 compact
compact
compact
compact [
[
[
[
5kDmpAkt
5kDmpAkt
5kDmpAkt
5kDmpAkt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
压
紧紧密
adj
adj
adj
adj
紧密
n
n
n
n
合

Snow accumulating yearly
i
n
R
ainier＇s summit craters is compacted and compressed
into
a
de
nse form of ice called firm
a
s
ubstance midway between ordinary ice and the
denser crystalline ice that makes up glaciers

8
8
8
8 colleagues
colleagues
colleagues
colleagues
（
colleague[
colleague[
colleague[
colleague[
5kDli^
5kDli^
5kDli^
5kDli^
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
事

Psychologist Joel Arnoff and his colleagues compared two types
o
f
w
ooden face masks
from many different societiesmasks described as threatening versus masks associated老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
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老
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Blog
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留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
84
84
84
84
t
he world market to farmers who were eager to sell their surpluses and to workers who
wished to improve themselves

8
8
8
8 diver
diver
diver
diver [
[
[
[
5daIvE
5daIvE
5daIvE
5daIvE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
潜水者
4
4
4
4 dive
dive
dive
dive [
[
[
[
daIv
daIv
daIv
daIv
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
跳
水潜水

T
o
a
void this event
a
di
ver must ascent slowly never at
a
r
ate exceeding the rise of the
exhaled air bubbles and must exhale during ascent

8
8
8
8 dimensional
dimensional
dimensional
dimensional [
[
[
[
dI5menFEnEl
dI5menFEnEl
dI5menFEnEl
dI5menFEnEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
空间
4
4
4
4 dimensions
dimensions
dimensions
dimensions
（
dimension[
dimension[
dimension[
dimension[
dI5menFEn
dI5menFEn
dI5menFEn
dI5menFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
尺寸

But sculpture as
a
hi
gh art practiced by artists who knew both the artistic theory of
their RenaissanceBaroqueRococo predecessors and the various technical procedures
of modeling casting and carving rich threedimensional forms was not known among
Americans
i
n
1776

8
8
8
8 d
igging
digging
digging
digging
（
dig[
dig[
dig[
dig[
dI^
dI^
dI^
dI^
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
刺




碰
v

v
v
v
掘
挖

T
o
m
ake
a
t
wig more effective for digging out termites for examplea chimp may firs
t
s
trip
i
t
of i
ts leaves

8
8
8
8 density
density
density
density [
[
[
[
5densItI
5densItI
5densItI
5densItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
密度

Petroleum tends to rise to the surface since
i
t
i
s lower
i
n
de
nsity than water

8
8
8
8 cuneiform
cuneiform
cuneiform
cuneiform [
[
[
[
5kjunIIfCm
5kjunIIfCm
5kjunIIfCm
5kjunIIfCm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
楔形文字

Then inscriptions found
i
n
ba
a at the end of the eighteenth century provided
a
l
ink
these inscriptions were written
i
n
c
uneiform and
i
n
t
wo other ancient languages Old
Persian and New Elamitelanguages that had already been deciphered

8
8
8
8 countryside
countryside
countryside
countryside [
[
[
[
5kQntrIsaId
5kQntrIsaId
5kQntrIsaId
5kQntrIsaId
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
乡方

Many ants forage across the countryside
i
n
l
arge numbers and undertake mass
migrations these activities proceed because one ant lays
a
t
rail
o
n
t
he ground for the
others to follow

8
8
8
8 costumes
costumes
costumes
costumes
（
costume[
costume[
costume[
costume[
5kDstjum 5tjum
5kDstjum 5tjum
5kDstjum 5tjum
5kDstjum 5tjum
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
服装
v

v
v
v





设
计服装

Wearing masks and costumes they often impersonated other people animals or
supernatural beings and mimed the desired effectsuccess
i
n
hunt or ba
ttle the coming
rain the revival of the Sunas
a
n
a
ctor might

8
8
8
8 constituent
constituent
constituent
constituent [
[
[
[
kEn5stItjJEnt
kEn5stItjJEnt
kEn5stItjJEnt
kEn5stItjJEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
素

In the eighteenth century Antoine Lavoisier
o
n
t
he basis of careful experimentation
was led to propose
a
di
fferent theory of burning one that required
a
c
onstituent of air
later shown to be oxygen for combustion

8
8
8
8 conservation
conservation
conservation
conservation [
[
[
[
7kDnsE()5veIFEn
7kDnsE()5veIFEn
7kDnsE()5veIFEn
7kDnsE()5veIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
保存
4
4
4
4 conservative
conservative
conservative
conservative [
[
[
[
kEn5s＼vEtIv
kEn5s＼vEtIv
kEn5s＼vEtIv
kEn5s＼vEtIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
保守

Second conservation has been insured by limiting times for and types of hunting

8
8
8
8 congress
congress
congress
congress [
[
[
[
5kDN^res
5kDN^res
5kDN^res
5kDN^res
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
会议

In 1991 the United States Congress asked NASA to investigate the hazard posed today
by large impacts
o
n
E
arth

8
8
8
8 concur
concur
concur
concur [
[
[
[
kEn5k＼
kEn5k＼
kEn5k＼
kEn5k＼
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
意
见相

Most investigators concur that certain facial expressions suggest the same emotions i
n
a
ll
pe
ople

8
8
8
8 compact
compact
compact
compact [
[
[
[
5kDmpAkt
5kDmpAkt
5kDmpAkt
5kDmpAkt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
压
紧紧密
adj
adj
adj
adj
紧密
n
n
n
n
合

Snow accumulating yearly
i
n
R
ainier＇s summit craters is compacted and compressed
into
a
de
nse form of ice called firm
a
s
ubstance midway between ordinary ice and the
denser crystalline ice that makes up glaciers

8
8
8
8 colleagues
colleagues
colleagues
colleagues
（
colleague[
colleague[
colleague[
colleague[
5kDli^
5kDli^
5kDli^
5kDli^
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
事

Psychologist Joel Arnoff and his colleagues compared two types
o
f
w
ooden face masks
from many different societiesmasks described as threatening versus masks associated老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
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英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
85
85
85
85
w
ith nonthreatenting functions

8
8
8
8 circumstances
circumstances
circumstances
circumstances
（
circumstance[
circumstance[
circumstance[
circumstance[
5s＼kEmstEns
5s＼kEmstEns
5s＼kEmstEns
5s＼kEmstEns
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
环境
3
3
3
3 circumscribed
circumscribed
circumscribed
circumscribed
（
circumscribe[
circumscribe[
circumscribe[
circumscribe[
5s＼kEmskraIb 7s＼kEm5skraIb
5s＼kEmskraIb 7s＼kEm5skraIb
5s＼kEmskraIb 7s＼kEm5skraIb
5s＼kEmskraIb 7s＼kEm5skraIb
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
限
制
3 circumference n
圆周
Under most circumstances groups
o
f
w
orkers arc better able
to forage for food and defend the nest because they can switch from individual to group
response and back again swiftly and according to need

8
8
8
8 circular
circular
circular
circular [
[
[
[
5s＼kjJlE
5s＼kjJlE
5s＼kjJlE
5s＼kjJlE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
圆形循环
8
8
8
8 circulation
circulation
circulation
circulation [
[
[
[
7s＼kjJ5leIFEn
7s＼kjJ5leIFEn
7s＼kjJ5leIFEn
7s＼kjJ5leIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
流通发行量

Besides living quarters each pueblo included one or more kivascircular underground
chambers faced with stone

8
8
8
8 chief
chief
chief
chief [
[
[
[
tFif
tFif
tFif
tFif
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj

n
n
n
n
领袖长官

In the seventeenth century the organ the clavichord and the harpsichord became the
chief instruments
o
f
t
he keyboard group
a
s
upremacy they maintained until the piano
supplanted them
a
t
t
he end
o
f
t
he eighteenth century

8
8
8
8 centimeter
centimeter
centimeter
centimeter [
[
[
[
5sentImitEr(r)
5sentImitEr(r)
5sentImitEr(r)
5sentImitEr(r)
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
公分

Although the aquifer has been adding water at the rate
o
f
onl
y half
a
c
entimeter
a
y
ear
i
t
w
ill eventually accumulate enough water
o
f
f
ill Lake Huron

8
8
8
8 burst
burst
burst
burst [
[
[
[
b＼st
b＼st
b＼st
b＼st
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
爆
炸

Following each mass extinction there is
a
s
udden evolutionary burst as new species
develop to fill the ecological niches opened by the event

8
8
8
8 brush
brush
brush
brush [
[
[
[
brQF
brQF
brQF
brQF
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
刷子
v

v
v
v
刷

O
ne technique involves first moving quietly toward
a
n
a
pproaching animal and then
setting
o
ff
noi
sily through the grass or brush
i
n
a
l
ow crouching run away from the nest
while emitting rodent like squeaks

8
8
8
8 bulb
bulb
bulb
bulb [
[
[
[
bQlb
bQlb
bQlb
bQlb
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
球茎电灯泡

Thomas Hancock
a
n
E
nglish settler wrote thanking his plant supplier for
a
gi
ft
o
f
s
ome tulip bulbs from England but his letter the following year grumbled that they
were
a
ll
de
ad

8
8
8
8 besides
besides
besides
besides [
[
[
[
bI5saIdz
bI5saIdz
bI5saIdz
bI5saIdz
]
]
]
] prep
prep
prep
prep
外

Besides cave paintings Upper Paleolithic people produced several other kinds
o
f
a
rtwork one
o
f
w
hich has been thought to provide evidence
o
f
c
omplex thought

8
8
8
8 bay
bay
bay
bay [
[
[
[
beI
beI
beI
beI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
海湾

The fort had become the headquarters for the Hudson＇s Bay Company

8
8
8
8 attributes
attributes
attributes
attributes
（
attribute[
attribute[
attribute[
attribute[
E5trIbjJ()t
E5trIbjJ()t
E5trIbjJ()t
E5trIbjJ()t
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v


n
n
n
n
属性特征

The physical attributes
o
f
t
he site allow its use as
a
na
tural calendarclock

8
8
8
8 artworks
artworks
artworks
artworks
（
artwork[
artwork[
artwork[
artwork[
5Btw＼k
5Btw＼k
5Btw＼k
5Btw＼k
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
艺术价值作品

The result
o
f
t
hese activities is
a
gr
oup
o
f
a
rtworks that reflect the diversity
o
f
c
ontemporary art and the varying character and goals
o
f
t
he sponsoring communities

8
8
8
8 artificial
artificial
artificial
artificial [
[
[
[
7BtI5fIFEl
7BtI5fIFEl
7BtI5fIFEl
7BtI5fIFEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
工

ReneAntoine de Reaumur
a
F
rench scientist tried to make artificial feathers from
glass

8
8
8
8 apartments
apartments
apartments
apartments
（
apartment[
apartment[
apartment[
apartment[
E5pBtmEnt
E5pBtmEnt
E5pBtmEnt
E5pBtmEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
公寓

The presence
i
n
B
altimore
o
f
B
arnum＇s City Hotel
a
s
ixstory building with two
hundred apartments helps explain why many other early national political conventions
were held there

8
8
8
8 amusement
amusement
amusement
amusement [
[
[
[
E5mjuzmEnt
E5mjuzmEnt
E5mjuzmEnt
E5mjuzmEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
娱乐

Newbery notwithstanding Americans still looked
o
n
c
hildren＇s books as vehicles for
instruction not amusement though they would accept
a
m
oderate amount
o
f
f
ictional老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
85
85
85
85
w
ith nonthreatenting functions

8
8
8
8 circumstances
circumstances
circumstances
circumstances
（
circumstance[
circumstance[
circumstance[
circumstance[
5s＼kEmstEns
5s＼kEmstEns
5s＼kEmstEns
5s＼kEmstEns
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
环境
3
3
3
3 circumscribed
circumscribed
circumscribed
circumscribed
（
circumscribe[
circumscribe[
circumscribe[
circumscribe[
5s＼kEmskraIb 7s＼kEm5skraIb
5s＼kEmskraIb 7s＼kEm5skraIb
5s＼kEmskraIb 7s＼kEm5skraIb
5s＼kEmskraIb 7s＼kEm5skraIb
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
限
制
3 circumference n
圆周
Under most circumstances groups
o
f
w
orkers arc better able
to forage for food and defend the nest because they can switch from individual to group
response and back again swiftly and according to need

8
8
8
8 circular
circular
circular
circular [
[
[
[
5s＼kjJlE
5s＼kjJlE
5s＼kjJlE
5s＼kjJlE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
圆形循环
8
8
8
8 circulation
circulation
circulation
circulation [
[
[
[
7s＼kjJ5leIFEn
7s＼kjJ5leIFEn
7s＼kjJ5leIFEn
7s＼kjJ5leIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
流通发行量

Besides living quarters each pueblo included one or more kivascircular underground
chambers faced with stone

8
8
8
8 chief
chief
chief
chief [
[
[
[
tFif
tFif
tFif
tFif
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj

n
n
n
n
领袖长官

In the seventeenth century the organ the clavichord and the harpsichord became the
chief instruments
o
f
t
he keyboard group
a
s
upremacy they maintained until the piano
supplanted them
a
t
t
he end
o
f
t
he eighteenth century

8
8
8
8 centimeter
centimeter
centimeter
centimeter [
[
[
[
5sentImitEr(r)
5sentImitEr(r)
5sentImitEr(r)
5sentImitEr(r)
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
公分

Although the aquifer has been adding water at the rate
o
f
onl
y half
a
c
entimeter
a
y
ear
i
t
w
ill eventually accumulate enough water
o
f
f
ill Lake Huron

8
8
8
8 burst
burst
burst
burst [
[
[
[
b＼st
b＼st
b＼st
b＼st
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
爆
炸

Following each mass extinction there is
a
s
udden evolutionary burst as new species
develop to fill the ecological niches opened by the event

8
8
8
8 brush
brush
brush
brush [
[
[
[
brQF
brQF
brQF
brQF
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
刷子
v

v
v
v
刷

O
ne technique involves first moving quietly toward
a
n
a
pproaching animal and then
setting
o
ff
noi
sily through the grass or brush
i
n
a
l
ow crouching run away from the nest
while emitting rodent like squeaks

8
8
8
8 bulb
bulb
bulb
bulb [
[
[
[
bQlb
bQlb
bQlb
bQlb
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
球茎电灯泡

Thomas Hancock
a
n
E
nglish settler wrote thanking his plant supplier for
a
gi
ft
o
f
s
ome tulip bulbs from England but his letter the following year grumbled that they
were
a
ll
de
ad

8
8
8
8 besides
besides
besides
besides [
[
[
[
bI5saIdz
bI5saIdz
bI5saIdz
bI5saIdz
]
]
]
] prep
prep
prep
prep
外

Besides cave paintings Upper Paleolithic people produced several other kinds
o
f
a
rtwork one
o
f
w
hich has been thought to provide evidence
o
f
c
omplex thought

8
8
8
8 bay
bay
bay
bay [
[
[
[
beI
beI
beI
beI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
海湾

The fort had become the headquarters for the Hudson＇s Bay Company

8
8
8
8 attributes
attributes
attributes
attributes
（
attribute[
attribute[
attribute[
attribute[
E5trIbjJ()t
E5trIbjJ()t
E5trIbjJ()t
E5trIbjJ()t
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v


n
n
n
n
属性特征

The physical attributes
o
f
t
he site allow its use as
a
na
tural calendarclock

8
8
8
8 artworks
artworks
artworks
artworks
（
artwork[
artwork[
artwork[
artwork[
5Btw＼k
5Btw＼k
5Btw＼k
5Btw＼k
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
艺术价值作品

The result
o
f
t
hese activities is
a
gr
oup
o
f
a
rtworks that reflect the diversity
o
f
c
ontemporary art and the varying character and goals
o
f
t
he sponsoring communities

8
8
8
8 artificial
artificial
artificial
artificial [
[
[
[
7BtI5fIFEl
7BtI5fIFEl
7BtI5fIFEl
7BtI5fIFEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
工

ReneAntoine de Reaumur
a
F
rench scientist tried to make artificial feathers from
glass

8
8
8
8 apartments
apartments
apartments
apartments
（
apartment[
apartment[
apartment[
apartment[
E5pBtmEnt
E5pBtmEnt
E5pBtmEnt
E5pBtmEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
公寓

The presence
i
n
B
altimore
o
f
B
arnum＇s City Hotel
a
s
ixstory building with two
hundred apartments helps explain why many other early national political conventions
were held there

8
8
8
8 amusement
amusement
amusement
amusement [
[
[
[
E5mjuzmEnt
E5mjuzmEnt
E5mjuzmEnt
E5mjuzmEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
娱乐

Newbery notwithstanding Americans still looked
o
n
c
hildren＇s books as vehicles for
instruction not amusement though they would accept
a
m
oderate amount
o
f
f
ictional老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
86
86
86
86
e
ntertainment for the sake
o
f
m
ore successful instruction

8
8
8
8 advocates
advocates
advocates
advocates
（
advocate[
advocate[
advocate[
advocate[
5AdvEkIt
5AdvEkIt
5AdvEkIt
5AdvEkIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
提
倡
n
n
n
n
拥护者

Advocates
o
f
or
ganic foods—
a
t
erm whose meaning varies greatly—frequently
proclaim that such products are safer and more nutritious than others

8
8
8
8 adverse
adverse
adverse
adverse [
[
[
[
5Adv＼s
5Adv＼s
5Adv＼s
5Adv＼s
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
逆

Advancing technology and strict laws however are helping control some
o
f
t
hese
adverse environmental effects

8
8
8
8 administration
administration
administration
administration [
[
[
[
EdmInIs5treIFEn
EdmInIs5treIFEn
EdmInIs5treIFEn
EdmInIs5treIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
营理

The National Marine Sanctuaries Program is administered by the National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration
a
br
anch
o
f
t
he United States Department
o
f
C
ommerce

8
8
8
8 acres
acres
acres
acres
（
acre[
acre[
acre[
acre[
5eIkE
5eIkE
5eIkE
5eIkE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
英亩
3
3
3
3 acreage
acreage
acreage
acreage [
[
[
[
5eIkErIdV
5eIkErIdV
5eIkErIdV
5eIkErIdV
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
英亩数

By 1913 Seattle had 25 parks amounting to 1400 acres as well as 400 acres
i
n
pl
aygrounds pathways boulevards and triangles

7
7
7
7 wolves
wolves
wolves
wolves
（
wolf[
wolf[
wolf[
wolf[
wJlf
wJlf
wJlf
wJlf
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
狼

Some humans prey
o
n
a
nimals
o
f all
a
ges but gray wolves concentrate their efforts o
n
y
oung animals

7
7
7
7 welfare
welfare
welfare
welfare [
[
[
[
5welfeE
5welfeE
5welfeE
5welfeE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
福利

T
o
e
xplain how theater helps
a
s
ociety respond to threats to its welfare

7
7
7
7 weighed
weighed
weighed
weighed
（
weigh[
weigh[
weigh[
weigh[
weI
weI
weI
weI
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
秤
重量

Each category can be weighed to make
a
t
extural determination

7
7
7
7 vertical
vertical
vertical
vertical [
[
[
[
5v＼tIkEl
5v＼tIkEl
5v＼tIkEl
5v＼tIkEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
垂直

Most groups made
a
ll
t
heir basketwork by twining the twisting
o
f
a
f
lexible
horizontal material called
a
w
eft around stiffer vertical strands
o
f
m
aterial the warp

7
7
7
7 velocity
velocity
velocity
velocity [
[
[
[
vI5lDsItI
vI5lDsItI
vI5lDsItI
vI5lDsItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
速度

Increased wind velocity at high altitudes deforms the shapes
o
f
t
rees and this may
cause serious stress for trees

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
老师
Toefl
词汇红宝书
7
7
7
7 utilizes
utilizes
utilizes
utilizes
（
utilize[
utilize[
utilize[
utilize[
ju5tIlaIz
ju5tIlaIz
ju5tIlaIz
ju5tIlaIz
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
利

3
3
3
3 utility
utility
utility
utility [
[
[
[
ju5tIlItI
ju5tIlItI
ju5tIlItI
ju5tIlItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
公程序

It utilizes space mass texture line light and color

7
7
7
7 twist
twist
twist
twist [
[
[
[
twIst
twIst
twIst
twIst
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
扭
转

I
f
a
c
at has no spin when
i
t
i
s released and experiences no external torque
i
t
ought not
t
o be able to twist around as
i
t
f
alls

7
7
7
7 ultraviolet
ultraviolet
ultraviolet
ultraviolet [
[
[
[
5QltrE5vaIElIt
5QltrE5vaIElIt
5QltrE5vaIElIt
5QltrE5vaIElIt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
紫外线

High levels
o
f
ul
traviolet light most likely play
a
gr
eater role
i
n
de
termining tree
growth at the upper timberline than do grazing animals such as the ibex

7
7
7
7 trillion
trillion
trillion
trillion [
[
[
[
5trIljEn
5trIljEn
5trIljEn
5trIljEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
百万兆

The explosion lifted about 100 trillion tons
o
f
dus
t into the atmosphere as can be
determined by measuring the thickness
o
f
t
he sediment layer formed when this dust
settled to the surface

7
7
7
7 toxic
toxic
toxic
toxic [
[
[
[
5tDksIk
5tDksIk
5tDksIk
5tDksIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
毒

Research has focused
o
n
t
he toxic effects
o
f
he
avy metals such as lead cadmium
mercury and aluminum however even copper and zinc which are essential elements
can become toxic
i
n
hi
gh concentrations

7
7
7
7 tourists
tourists
tourists
tourists
（
tourist[
tourist[
tourist[
tourist[
5tJErIst
5tJErIst
5tJErIst
5tJErIst
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
旅行者
3
3
3
3 tourism
tourism
tourism
tourism [
[
[
[
5tJErIz(E)m
5tJErIz(E)m
5tJErIz(E)m
5tJErIz(E)m
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
旅游老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
86
86
86
86
e
ntertainment for the sake
o
f
m
ore successful instruction

8
8
8
8 advocates
advocates
advocates
advocates
（
advocate[
advocate[
advocate[
advocate[
5AdvEkIt
5AdvEkIt
5AdvEkIt
5AdvEkIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
提
倡
n
n
n
n
拥护者

Advocates
o
f
or
ganic foods—
a
t
erm whose meaning varies greatly—frequently
proclaim that such products are safer and more nutritious than others

8
8
8
8 adverse
adverse
adverse
adverse [
[
[
[
5Adv＼s
5Adv＼s
5Adv＼s
5Adv＼s
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
逆

Advancing technology and strict laws however are helping control some
o
f
t
hese
adverse environmental effects

8
8
8
8 administration
administration
administration
administration [
[
[
[
EdmInIs5treIFEn
EdmInIs5treIFEn
EdmInIs5treIFEn
EdmInIs5treIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
营理

The National Marine Sanctuaries Program is administered by the National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration
a
br
anch
o
f
t
he United States Department
o
f
C
ommerce

8
8
8
8 acres
acres
acres
acres
（
acre[
acre[
acre[
acre[
5eIkE
5eIkE
5eIkE
5eIkE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
英亩
3
3
3
3 acreage
acreage
acreage
acreage [
[
[
[
5eIkErIdV
5eIkErIdV
5eIkErIdV
5eIkErIdV
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
英亩数

By 1913 Seattle had 25 parks amounting to 1400 acres as well as 400 acres
i
n
pl
aygrounds pathways boulevards and triangles

7
7
7
7 wolves
wolves
wolves
wolves
（
wolf[
wolf[
wolf[
wolf[
wJlf
wJlf
wJlf
wJlf
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
狼

Some humans prey
o
n
a
nimals
o
f all
a
ges but gray wolves concentrate their efforts o
n
y
oung animals

7
7
7
7 welfare
welfare
welfare
welfare [
[
[
[
5welfeE
5welfeE
5welfeE
5welfeE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
福利

T
o
e
xplain how theater helps
a
s
ociety respond to threats to its welfare

7
7
7
7 weighed
weighed
weighed
weighed
（
weigh[
weigh[
weigh[
weigh[
weI
weI
weI
weI
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
秤
重量

Each category can be weighed to make
a
t
extural determination

7
7
7
7 vertical
vertical
vertical
vertical [
[
[
[
5v＼tIkEl
5v＼tIkEl
5v＼tIkEl
5v＼tIkEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
垂直

Most groups made
a
ll
t
heir basketwork by twining the twisting
o
f
a
f
lexible
horizontal material called
a
w
eft around stiffer vertical strands
o
f
m
aterial the warp

7
7
7
7 velocity
velocity
velocity
velocity [
[
[
[
vI5lDsItI
vI5lDsItI
vI5lDsItI
vI5lDsItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
速度

Increased wind velocity at high altitudes deforms the shapes
o
f
t
rees and this may
cause serious stress for trees

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
老师
Toefl
词汇红宝书
7
7
7
7 utilizes
utilizes
utilizes
utilizes
（
utilize[
utilize[
utilize[
utilize[
ju5tIlaIz
ju5tIlaIz
ju5tIlaIz
ju5tIlaIz
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
利

3
3
3
3 utility
utility
utility
utility [
[
[
[
ju5tIlItI
ju5tIlItI
ju5tIlItI
ju5tIlItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
公程序

It utilizes space mass texture line light and color

7
7
7
7 twist
twist
twist
twist [
[
[
[
twIst
twIst
twIst
twIst
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
扭
转

I
f
a
c
at has no spin when
i
t
i
s released and experiences no external torque
i
t
ought not
t
o be able to twist around as
i
t
f
alls

7
7
7
7 ultraviolet
ultraviolet
ultraviolet
ultraviolet [
[
[
[
5QltrE5vaIElIt
5QltrE5vaIElIt
5QltrE5vaIElIt
5QltrE5vaIElIt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
紫外线

High levels
o
f
ul
traviolet light most likely play
a
gr
eater role
i
n
de
termining tree
growth at the upper timberline than do grazing animals such as the ibex

7
7
7
7 trillion
trillion
trillion
trillion [
[
[
[
5trIljEn
5trIljEn
5trIljEn
5trIljEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
百万兆

The explosion lifted about 100 trillion tons
o
f
dus
t into the atmosphere as can be
determined by measuring the thickness
o
f
t
he sediment layer formed when this dust
settled to the surface

7
7
7
7 toxic
toxic
toxic
toxic [
[
[
[
5tDksIk
5tDksIk
5tDksIk
5tDksIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
毒

Research has focused
o
n
t
he toxic effects
o
f
he
avy metals such as lead cadmium
mercury and aluminum however even copper and zinc which are essential elements
can become toxic
i
n
hi
gh concentrations

7
7
7
7 tourists
tourists
tourists
tourists
（
tourist[
tourist[
tourist[
tourist[
5tJErIst
5tJErIst
5tJErIst
5tJErIst
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
旅行者
3
3
3
3 tourism
tourism
tourism
tourism [
[
[
[
5tJErIz(E)m
5tJErIz(E)m
5tJErIz(E)m
5tJErIz(E)m
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
旅游老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
87
87
87
87

C
onstruction
a
f
antastic environment for the benefit
o
f
t
ourists he made sure that any
real tensions between his office and the working inhabitants
o
f
t
he town were rendered
invisible to the tourist gaze

7
7
7
7 tornado
tornado
tornado
tornado [
[
[
[
tC5neIdEJ
tC5neIdEJ
tC5neIdEJ
tC5neIdEJ
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
旋风

Many
o
f
t
he most damaging and lifethreatening types
o
f
w
eathertorrential rains
severe thunderstorms and tornadoesbegin quickly strike suddenly and dissipate
rapidly devastating small regions while leaving neighboring areas untouched

7
7
7
7 trappings
trappings
trappings
trappings [
[
[
[
5trApINz
5trApINz
5trApINz
5trApINz
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
外表装饰

The paintings rest
o
n
ba
re walls with no backdrops or environmental trappings

7
7
7
7 tales
tales
tales
tales
（
tale[
tale[
tale[
tale[
teIl
teIl
teIl
teIl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
事

The great number
o
f
t
ales legends and myths about these birds indicates that people
have been exceptionally interested
i
n
t
hem for
a
l
ong time

7
7
7
7 suspended
suspended
suspended
suspended
（
suspend[
suspend[
suspend[
suspend[
sEs5pend
sEs5pend
sEs5pend
sEs5pend
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
吊
中止

Few insects feed their young after hatching but some make other arrangement
provisioning their cells and nests with caterpillars and spiders that they have paralyzed
with their venom and stored
i
n
a
s
tate
o
f
s
uspended animation so that their larvae might
have
a
s
upply
o
f
f
resh food when they hatch

7
7
7
7 subtle
subtle
subtle
subtle [
[
[
[
5sQtl
5sQtl
5sQtl
5sQtl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
微妙

Still other evidence comes from cranial morphology scientists think that physical
differences between the right and left sides
o
f
t
he interior
o
f
t
he skull indicate subtle
physical differences between the two sides
o
f
t
he brain

7
7
7
7 studio
studio
studio
studio [
[
[
[
5stjudIEJ
5stjudIEJ
5stjudIEJ
5stjudIEJ
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
工作室

The technique
o
f
di
rect carving was
a
br
eak with the nineteenthcentury tradition
i
n
w
hich the making
o
f
a
c
lay model was considered the creative act and the work was then
turned over to studio assistants to be cast
i
n
pl
aster or bronze or carved
i
n
m
arble

7
7
7
7 strands
strands
strands
strands
（
strand[
strand[
strand[
strand[
strAnd
strAnd
strAnd
strAnd
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
海滨绳

Mild steel and aluminum barbed wire have two strands twisted together to form
a
c
able which is stronger than singlestrand wire and less affected by temperature
changes

7
7
7
7 staple
staple
staple
staple [
[
[
[
5steIpl
5steIpl
5steIpl
5steIpl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
产品
v

v
v
v





分
级

The perishable commodities
o
f
t
rade generally came under state inspection and such
important frontier staples as lumber and gunpowder were also subject to state control

7
7
7
7 s
ections
sections
sections
sections
（
section[
section[
section[
section[
5sekFEn
5sekFEn
5sekFEn
5sekFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
节部分

In particular Whigs
i
n
t
he northern sections
o
f
t
he United States also believed that
government power should be used to foster the moral welfare
o
f
t
he country

7
7
7
7 secret
secret
secret
secret [
[
[
[
5sikrIt
5sikrIt
5sikrIt
5sikrIt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
秘密

Unfortunately this explanation fails to explain the hidden locations unless the
migrations were celebrated with secret ceremonies

7
7
7
7 sapped
sapped
sapped
sapped
（
sap[
sap[
sap[
sap[
sAp
sAp
sAp
sAp
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
破
坏




基础

This paper money aristocracy
o
f
ba
nkers and investors manipulated the banking
system for their own profit Democrats claimed and sapped the nation＇s virtue by
encouraging speculation and the desire for sudden unearned wealth

7
7
7
7 sacrifice
sacrifice
sacrifice
sacrifice [
[
[
[
5sAkrIfaIs
5sAkrIfaIs
5sAkrIfaIs
5sAkrIfaIs
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
牺
牲
n
n
n
n
祭品牺牲

Adaptations for speed however are likely to require sacrifices
i
n
ot
her attributes so
we might expect only some species to adopt
a
s
imple fast flight strategy

7
7
7
7 rewards
rewards
rewards
rewards
（
reward[
reward[
reward[
reward[
rI5wCd
rI5wCd
rI5wCd
rI5wCd
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
报酬
v

v
v
v
奖
赏

The most financially rewarding
o
f all
t
he AcademyInstitute awards are the Mildred
and Harold Strauss Livings
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
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wwwibtsatcom
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英语前线
老
师
Blog
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Blog
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：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
87
87
87
87

C
onstruction
a
f
antastic environment for the benefit
o
f
t
ourists he made sure that any
real tensions between his office and the working inhabitants
o
f
t
he town were rendered
invisible to the tourist gaze

7
7
7
7 tornado
tornado
tornado
tornado [
[
[
[
tC5neIdEJ
tC5neIdEJ
tC5neIdEJ
tC5neIdEJ
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
旋风

Many
o
f
t
he most damaging and lifethreatening types
o
f
w
eathertorrential rains
severe thunderstorms and tornadoesbegin quickly strike suddenly and dissipate
rapidly devastating small regions while leaving neighboring areas untouched

7
7
7
7 trappings
trappings
trappings
trappings [
[
[
[
5trApINz
5trApINz
5trApINz
5trApINz
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
外表装饰

The paintings rest
o
n
ba
re walls with no backdrops or environmental trappings

7
7
7
7 tales
tales
tales
tales
（
tale[
tale[
tale[
tale[
teIl
teIl
teIl
teIl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
事

The great number
o
f
t
ales legends and myths about these birds indicates that people
have been exceptionally interested
i
n
t
hem for
a
l
ong time

7
7
7
7 suspended
suspended
suspended
suspended
（
suspend[
suspend[
suspend[
suspend[
sEs5pend
sEs5pend
sEs5pend
sEs5pend
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
吊
中止

Few insects feed their young after hatching but some make other arrangement
provisioning their cells and nests with caterpillars and spiders that they have paralyzed
with their venom and stored
i
n
a
s
tate
o
f
s
uspended animation so that their larvae might
have
a
s
upply
o
f
f
resh food when they hatch

7
7
7
7 subtle
subtle
subtle
subtle [
[
[
[
5sQtl
5sQtl
5sQtl
5sQtl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
微妙

Still other evidence comes from cranial morphology scientists think that physical
differences between the right and left sides
o
f
t
he interior
o
f
t
he skull indicate subtle
physical differences between the two sides
o
f
t
he brain

7
7
7
7 studio
studio
studio
studio [
[
[
[
5stjudIEJ
5stjudIEJ
5stjudIEJ
5stjudIEJ
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
工作室

The technique
o
f
di
rect carving was
a
br
eak with the nineteenthcentury tradition
i
n
w
hich the making
o
f
a
c
lay model was considered the creative act and the work was then
turned over to studio assistants to be cast
i
n
pl
aster or bronze or carved
i
n
m
arble

7
7
7
7 strands
strands
strands
strands
（
strand[
strand[
strand[
strand[
strAnd
strAnd
strAnd
strAnd
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
海滨绳

Mild steel and aluminum barbed wire have two strands twisted together to form
a
c
able which is stronger than singlestrand wire and less affected by temperature
changes

7
7
7
7 staple
staple
staple
staple [
[
[
[
5steIpl
5steIpl
5steIpl
5steIpl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
产品
v

v
v
v





分
级

The perishable commodities
o
f
t
rade generally came under state inspection and such
important frontier staples as lumber and gunpowder were also subject to state control

7
7
7
7 s
ections
sections
sections
sections
（
section[
section[
section[
section[
5sekFEn
5sekFEn
5sekFEn
5sekFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
节部分

In particular Whigs
i
n
t
he northern sections
o
f
t
he United States also believed that
government power should be used to foster the moral welfare
o
f
t
he country

7
7
7
7 secret
secret
secret
secret [
[
[
[
5sikrIt
5sikrIt
5sikrIt
5sikrIt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
秘密

Unfortunately this explanation fails to explain the hidden locations unless the
migrations were celebrated with secret ceremonies

7
7
7
7 sapped
sapped
sapped
sapped
（
sap[
sap[
sap[
sap[
sAp
sAp
sAp
sAp
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
破
坏




基础

This paper money aristocracy
o
f
ba
nkers and investors manipulated the banking
system for their own profit Democrats claimed and sapped the nation＇s virtue by
encouraging speculation and the desire for sudden unearned wealth

7
7
7
7 sacrifice
sacrifice
sacrifice
sacrifice [
[
[
[
5sAkrIfaIs
5sAkrIfaIs
5sAkrIfaIs
5sAkrIfaIs
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
牺
牲
n
n
n
n
祭品牺牲

Adaptations for speed however are likely to require sacrifices
i
n
ot
her attributes so
we might expect only some species to adopt
a
s
imple fast flight strategy

7
7
7
7 rewards
rewards
rewards
rewards
（
reward[
reward[
reward[
reward[
rI5wCd
rI5wCd
rI5wCd
rI5wCd
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
报酬
v

v
v
v
奖
赏

The most financially rewarding
o
f all
t
he AcademyInstitute awards are the Mildred
and Harold Strauss Livings
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
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：
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留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
88
88
88
88
7
7
7
7 r
eview
review
review
review [
[
[
[
rI5vju
rI5vju
rI5vju
rI5vju
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
评
v

v
v
v

检查评回顾

Wild life zoologist Hulmut Buechner(1953)
i
n
r
eviewing the nature
o
f
bi
otic changes
i
n
W
ashington through recorded time Says that since the early 1940s the state has had
more deer than at any other time
i
n
i
ts history the winter population fluctuating around
approximately 320000 deer (mule and blacktailed deer) which will yield about
65000
o
f
e
ither sex and any age annually for
a
n
i
ndefinite period

7
7
7
7 restoration
restoration
restoration
restoration [
[
[
[
5restE5reIFEn
5restE5reIFEn
5restE5reIFEn
5restE5reIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
恢复

But the most profound reason for the restoration
o
f
hi
gh population numbers has been
the gate
o
f
t
he forests

7
7
7
7 reserves
reserves
reserves
reserves
（
reserve[
reserve[
reserve[
reserve[
rI5z＼v
rI5z＼v
rI5z＼v
rI5z＼v
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
储备
v

v
v
v
保
留

Current methods
o
f
pe
troleum extraction enable
o
il
pr
oducers to recover about half
o
f
t
he world
’
s
pe
troleum reserves

7
7
7
7 relics
relics
relics
relics
（
relic[
relic[
relic[
relic[
5relIk
5relIk
5relIk
5relIk
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
遗迹

T
oday
how
ever the relics
o
f
t
he Caledonian orogeny (mountainbuilding period) exist
as the comparatively low mountains
o
f
G
reenland the northern Appalachians
i
n
t
he
United States the Scottish Highlands and the Norwegian coastal plateau

7
7
7
7 reliable
reliable
reliable
reliable [
[
[
[
rI5laIEbl
rI5laIEbl
rI5laIEbl
rI5laIEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj


Furthermore even the most reliable waterpower varied with the seasons and
disappeared
i
n
a
dr
ought
．

7
7
7
7 r
eel
reel
reel
reel [
[
[
[
ril
ril
ril
ril
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
卷轴

Inventors wound the cooling end
o
f
t
he thread around
a
y
arn reel then turned the reel
rapidly to pull more fiber from the molten glass

7
7
7
7 queried
queried
queried
queried
（
query[
query[
query[
query[
5kwIErI
5kwIErI
5kwIErI
5kwIErI
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
疑问
v

v
v
v
询
问

Those queried ranged from European college students to members
o
f
t
he Fore
a
t
ribe
that dwells
i
n
t
he New Guinea highlands

7
7
7
7 punishment
punishment
punishment
punishment [
[
[
[
5pQnIFmEnt
5pQnIFmEnt
5pQnIFmEnt
5pQnIFmEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
处罚

Y
et
c
hildren also fearing their parents＇ punishment and the loss
o
f
pa
rental love come
to repress most aggressive impulses

7
7
7
7 proof
proof
proof
proof [
[
[
[
pruf
pruf
pruf
pruf
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
证
v

v
v
v
检
验

T
o
i
ndicate that supposed proof for Heyerdahl
’
s
t
heory has
a
n
a
lternative
explanation

7
7
7
7 prominent
prominent
prominent
prominent [
[
[
[
5prDmInEnt
5prDmInEnt
5prDmInEnt
5prDmInEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
卓越

Wealthy and socially prominent settlers made quilts
o
f
t
he English type cut from large
lengths
o
f
c
loth
o
f
t
he same color and texture rather than stitched together from smaller
pieces

7
7
7
7 procedure
procedure
procedure
procedure [
[
[
[
prE5sidVE
prE5sidVE
prE5sidVE
prE5sidVE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
程序

Proponents
o
f
t
he worksheet procedure believe that
i
t
w
ill yield optimal that is the
best decisions

7
7
7
7 prevalent
prevalent
prevalent
prevalent [
[
[
[
5prevElEnt
5prevElEnt
5prevElEnt
5prevElEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
普遍

Two species
o
f
de
er have been prevalent
i
n
t
he Puget Sound area
o
f
W
ashington state
i
n
t
he Pacific Northwest
o
f
t
he United States

7
7
7
7 predominantly
predominantly
predominantly
predominantly
[
[
[
[
prI5dDmInEntlI
prI5dDmInEntlI
prI5dDmInEntlI
prI5dDmInEntlI
]
]
]
]
adv
adv
adv
adv
占导位

Populations
o
f
N
eanderthals such as Homo erectus and Homo habilis seem to have
been predominantly righthanded as we are

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
7
7
7
7 predecessors
predecessors
predecessors
predecessors
（
predecessor[
predecessor[
predecessor[
predecessor[
5pridIsesE
5pridIsesE
5pridIsesE
5pridIsesE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
祖先

W
ith
t
he growing prosperity brought
o
n
by t
he Second World War and the economic
boom that followed it young people married and established households earlier and
began to raise larger families than had their predecessors during the Depression
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
88
88
88
88
7
7
7
7 r
eview
review
review
review [
[
[
[
rI5vju
rI5vju
rI5vju
rI5vju
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
评
v

v
v
v

检查评回顾

Wild life zoologist Hulmut Buechner(1953)
i
n
r
eviewing the nature
o
f
bi
otic changes
i
n
W
ashington through recorded time Says that since the early 1940s the state has had
more deer than at any other time
i
n
i
ts history the winter population fluctuating around
approximately 320000 deer (mule and blacktailed deer) which will yield about
65000
o
f
e
ither sex and any age annually for
a
n
i
ndefinite period

7
7
7
7 restoration
restoration
restoration
restoration [
[
[
[
5restE5reIFEn
5restE5reIFEn
5restE5reIFEn
5restE5reIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
恢复

But the most profound reason for the restoration
o
f
hi
gh population numbers has been
the gate
o
f
t
he forests

7
7
7
7 reserves
reserves
reserves
reserves
（
reserve[
reserve[
reserve[
reserve[
rI5z＼v
rI5z＼v
rI5z＼v
rI5z＼v
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
储备
v

v
v
v
保
留

Current methods
o
f
pe
troleum extraction enable
o
il
pr
oducers to recover about half
o
f
t
he world
’
s
pe
troleum reserves

7
7
7
7 relics
relics
relics
relics
（
relic[
relic[
relic[
relic[
5relIk
5relIk
5relIk
5relIk
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
遗迹

T
oday
how
ever the relics
o
f
t
he Caledonian orogeny (mountainbuilding period) exist
as the comparatively low mountains
o
f
G
reenland the northern Appalachians
i
n
t
he
United States the Scottish Highlands and the Norwegian coastal plateau

7
7
7
7 reliable
reliable
reliable
reliable [
[
[
[
rI5laIEbl
rI5laIEbl
rI5laIEbl
rI5laIEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj


Furthermore even the most reliable waterpower varied with the seasons and
disappeared
i
n
a
dr
ought
．

7
7
7
7 r
eel
reel
reel
reel [
[
[
[
ril
ril
ril
ril
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
卷轴

Inventors wound the cooling end
o
f
t
he thread around
a
y
arn reel then turned the reel
rapidly to pull more fiber from the molten glass

7
7
7
7 queried
queried
queried
queried
（
query[
query[
query[
query[
5kwIErI
5kwIErI
5kwIErI
5kwIErI
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
疑问
v

v
v
v
询
问

Those queried ranged from European college students to members
o
f
t
he Fore
a
t
ribe
that dwells
i
n
t
he New Guinea highlands

7
7
7
7 punishment
punishment
punishment
punishment [
[
[
[
5pQnIFmEnt
5pQnIFmEnt
5pQnIFmEnt
5pQnIFmEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
处罚

Y
et
c
hildren also fearing their parents＇ punishment and the loss
o
f
pa
rental love come
to repress most aggressive impulses

7
7
7
7 proof
proof
proof
proof [
[
[
[
pruf
pruf
pruf
pruf
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
证
v

v
v
v
检
验

T
o
i
ndicate that supposed proof for Heyerdahl
’
s
t
heory has
a
n
a
lternative
explanation

7
7
7
7 prominent
prominent
prominent
prominent [
[
[
[
5prDmInEnt
5prDmInEnt
5prDmInEnt
5prDmInEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
卓越

Wealthy and socially prominent settlers made quilts
o
f
t
he English type cut from large
lengths
o
f
c
loth
o
f
t
he same color and texture rather than stitched together from smaller
pieces

7
7
7
7 procedure
procedure
procedure
procedure [
[
[
[
prE5sidVE
prE5sidVE
prE5sidVE
prE5sidVE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
程序

Proponents
o
f
t
he worksheet procedure believe that
i
t
w
ill yield optimal that is the
best decisions

7
7
7
7 prevalent
prevalent
prevalent
prevalent [
[
[
[
5prevElEnt
5prevElEnt
5prevElEnt
5prevElEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
普遍

Two species
o
f
de
er have been prevalent
i
n
t
he Puget Sound area
o
f
W
ashington state
i
n
t
he Pacific Northwest
o
f
t
he United States

7
7
7
7 predominantly
predominantly
predominantly
predominantly
[
[
[
[
prI5dDmInEntlI
prI5dDmInEntlI
prI5dDmInEntlI
prI5dDmInEntlI
]
]
]
]
adv
adv
adv
adv
占导位

Populations
o
f
N
eanderthals such as Homo erectus and Homo habilis seem to have
been predominantly righthanded as we are

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留学英语前线
7
7
7
7 predecessors
predecessors
predecessors
predecessors
（
predecessor[
predecessor[
predecessor[
predecessor[
5pridIsesE
5pridIsesE
5pridIsesE
5pridIsesE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
祖先

W
ith
t
he growing prosperity brought
o
n
by t
he Second World War and the economic
boom that followed it young people married and established households earlier and
began to raise larger families than had their predecessors during the Depression
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
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词汇红宝书
89
89
89
89
7
7
7
7 p
otassium
potassium
potassium
potassium n
n
n
n
钾

Of course the fanner could supply chemical fertilizer to the fields but with most
fertilizers this practice would replenish only potassium phosphates and nitrogen

7
7
7
7 phenomenon
phenomenon
phenomenon
phenomenon [
[
[
[
fI5nDmInEn
fI5nDmInEn
fI5nDmInEn
fI5nDmInEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
现象
7
7
7
7 phenomena
phenomena
phenomena
phenomena [
[
[
[
fI5nDmInE
fI5nDmInE
fI5nDmInE
fI5nDmInE
]
]
]
] phenomenon
phenomenon
phenomenon
phenomenon
复数

Weathering by
a
v
ariety
o
f
s
alts though often subtle is
a
w
orldwide phenomenon

7
7
7
7 persian
persian
persian
persian [
[
[
[
5p＼FEn
5p＼FEn
5p＼FEn
5p＼FEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
波斯

By about 3100BC They were apparently subjugated
i
n
s
outhern Mesopotamia by the
Sumerians whose name became synonymous with the region immediately north
o
f
t
he
Persian Gulf
i
n
t
he fertile lower valleys
o
f
t
he Tigris and Euphrates

7
7
7
7 perception
perception
perception
perception [
[
[
[
pE5sepFEn
pE5sepFEn
pE5sepFEn
pE5sepFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
感觉

Now another type
o
f
m
icroscope one that utilize xrays rather than light or electrons
offers
a
di
fferent way
o
f
e
xamining tiny details
i
t
s
hould extend human perception still
farther into the natural world

7
7
7
7 nuts
nuts
nuts
nuts
（
nut[
nut[
nut[
nut[
nQt
nQt
nQt
nQt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
坚果

One researcher has found that mother chimpanzees occasionally show their young
how to use tools to open hard nuts

7
7
7
7 notation
notation
notation
notation [
[
[
[
nEJ5teIFEn
nEJ5teIFEn
nEJ5teIFEn
nEJ5teIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
乐谱

Because standard music notation makes no provision for many
o
f
t
hese innovations
recent music scores may contain graphlike diagrams new note shapes and symbols and
novel ways
o
f
a
rranging notation
o
n
t
he page

7
7
7
7 motives
motives
motives
motives
（
motive[
motive[
motive[
motive[
5mEJtIv
5mEJtIv
5mEJtIv
5mEJtIv
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
动机
7
7
7
7 motivation
motivation
motivation
motivation [
[
[
[
7mEJtI5veIFEn
7mEJtI5veIFEn
7mEJtI5veIFEn
7mEJtI5veIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
动机
6
6
6
6 motivate
motivate
motivate
motivate [
[
[
[
5mEJtIveIt
5mEJtIveIt
5mEJtIveIt
5mEJtIveIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
激
发

Supporting evidence comes from research showing that aggressive people often disto
r
t
ot
her people＇s motives

7
7
7
7 niches
niches
niches
niches
（
niche[
niche[
niche[
niche[
nItF
nItF
nItF
nItF
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
壁橱

Many zoologists believe that
i
t
w
as because so many ecological niches were available
with virtually no competition form existing species

7
7
7
7 merely
merely
merely
merely [
[
[
[
5mIElI
5mIElI
5mIElI
5mIElI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv


Footprints thus provide us not merely with rare impressions
o
f
t
he soft tissue
o
f
e
arly
hominids but also with evidence
o
f
upr
ight waling that
i
n
m
any ways is clearer than can
be obtained from the analysis
o
f
bone
s

7
7
7
7 meadows
meadows
meadows
meadows
（
meadow[
meadow[
meadow[
meadow[
5medEJ
5medEJ
5medEJ
5medEJ
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
草

A
r
ecent Douglas biographer states The deer which once picturesquely dotted the
meadows around the fort were gone [in 1832] hunted to extermination
i
n
or
der to
protect the crops

7
7
7
7 marvel
marvel
marvel
marvel [
[
[
[
5mBvEl
5mBvEl
5mBvEl
5mBvEl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
奇异事物

What audiences came to see was the technological marvel
o
f
t
he movies the lifelike
reproduction
o
f
t
he commonplace motion
o
f
t
rains
o
f
w
aves striking the shore and
o
f
pe
ople walking
i
n
t
he street and the magic made possible by trick photography and the
manipulation
o
f
t
he camera

7
7
7
7 manifested
manifested
manifested
manifested
（
manifest[
manifest[
manifest[
manifest[
5mAnIfest
5mAnIfest
5mAnIfest
5mAnIfest
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
表
明
3
3
3
3 manifestation
manifestation
manifestation
manifestation [
[
[
[
7mAnIfes5teIFEn
7mAnIfes5teIFEn
7mAnIfes5teIFEn
7mAnIfes5teIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
显示证明

Moreover people
i
n
di
verse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial
expressions

7
7
7
7 makeup
makeup
makeup
makeup [
[
[
[
`meIkQp
`meIkQp
`meIkQp
`meIkQp
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
补充化妆品

While every species is different from every other species their genetic makeup
constrains them to be insects and to share similar characteristics with 750000 species
o
f
i
nsects
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
89
89
89
89
7
7
7
7 p
otassium
potassium
potassium
potassium n
n
n
n
钾

Of course the fanner could supply chemical fertilizer to the fields but with most
fertilizers this practice would replenish only potassium phosphates and nitrogen

7
7
7
7 phenomenon
phenomenon
phenomenon
phenomenon [
[
[
[
fI5nDmInEn
fI5nDmInEn
fI5nDmInEn
fI5nDmInEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
现象
7
7
7
7 phenomena
phenomena
phenomena
phenomena [
[
[
[
fI5nDmInE
fI5nDmInE
fI5nDmInE
fI5nDmInE
]
]
]
] phenomenon
phenomenon
phenomenon
phenomenon
复数

Weathering by
a
v
ariety
o
f
s
alts though often subtle is
a
w
orldwide phenomenon

7
7
7
7 persian
persian
persian
persian [
[
[
[
5p＼FEn
5p＼FEn
5p＼FEn
5p＼FEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
波斯

By about 3100BC They were apparently subjugated
i
n
s
outhern Mesopotamia by the
Sumerians whose name became synonymous with the region immediately north
o
f
t
he
Persian Gulf
i
n
t
he fertile lower valleys
o
f
t
he Tigris and Euphrates

7
7
7
7 perception
perception
perception
perception [
[
[
[
pE5sepFEn
pE5sepFEn
pE5sepFEn
pE5sepFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
感觉

Now another type
o
f
m
icroscope one that utilize xrays rather than light or electrons
offers
a
di
fferent way
o
f
e
xamining tiny details
i
t
s
hould extend human perception still
farther into the natural world

7
7
7
7 nuts
nuts
nuts
nuts
（
nut[
nut[
nut[
nut[
nQt
nQt
nQt
nQt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
坚果

One researcher has found that mother chimpanzees occasionally show their young
how to use tools to open hard nuts

7
7
7
7 notation
notation
notation
notation [
[
[
[
nEJ5teIFEn
nEJ5teIFEn
nEJ5teIFEn
nEJ5teIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
乐谱

Because standard music notation makes no provision for many
o
f
t
hese innovations
recent music scores may contain graphlike diagrams new note shapes and symbols and
novel ways
o
f
a
rranging notation
o
n
t
he page

7
7
7
7 motives
motives
motives
motives
（
motive[
motive[
motive[
motive[
5mEJtIv
5mEJtIv
5mEJtIv
5mEJtIv
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
动机
7
7
7
7 motivation
motivation
motivation
motivation [
[
[
[
7mEJtI5veIFEn
7mEJtI5veIFEn
7mEJtI5veIFEn
7mEJtI5veIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
动机
6
6
6
6 motivate
motivate
motivate
motivate [
[
[
[
5mEJtIveIt
5mEJtIveIt
5mEJtIveIt
5mEJtIveIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
激
发

Supporting evidence comes from research showing that aggressive people often disto
r
t
ot
her people＇s motives

7
7
7
7 niches
niches
niches
niches
（
niche[
niche[
niche[
niche[
nItF
nItF
nItF
nItF
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
壁橱

Many zoologists believe that
i
t
w
as because so many ecological niches were available
with virtually no competition form existing species

7
7
7
7 merely
merely
merely
merely [
[
[
[
5mIElI
5mIElI
5mIElI
5mIElI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv


Footprints thus provide us not merely with rare impressions
o
f
t
he soft tissue
o
f
e
arly
hominids but also with evidence
o
f
upr
ight waling that
i
n
m
any ways is clearer than can
be obtained from the analysis
o
f
bone
s

7
7
7
7 meadows
meadows
meadows
meadows
（
meadow[
meadow[
meadow[
meadow[
5medEJ
5medEJ
5medEJ
5medEJ
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
草

A
r
ecent Douglas biographer states The deer which once picturesquely dotted the
meadows around the fort were gone [in 1832] hunted to extermination
i
n
or
der to
protect the crops

7
7
7
7 marvel
marvel
marvel
marvel [
[
[
[
5mBvEl
5mBvEl
5mBvEl
5mBvEl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
奇异事物

What audiences came to see was the technological marvel
o
f
t
he movies the lifelike
reproduction
o
f
t
he commonplace motion
o
f
t
rains
o
f
w
aves striking the shore and
o
f
pe
ople walking
i
n
t
he street and the magic made possible by trick photography and the
manipulation
o
f
t
he camera

7
7
7
7 manifested
manifested
manifested
manifested
（
manifest[
manifest[
manifest[
manifest[
5mAnIfest
5mAnIfest
5mAnIfest
5mAnIfest
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
表
明
3
3
3
3 manifestation
manifestation
manifestation
manifestation [
[
[
[
7mAnIfes5teIFEn
7mAnIfes5teIFEn
7mAnIfes5teIFEn
7mAnIfes5teIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
显示证明

Moreover people
i
n
di
verse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial
expressions

7
7
7
7 makeup
makeup
makeup
makeup [
[
[
[
`meIkQp
`meIkQp
`meIkQp
`meIkQp
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
补充化妆品

While every species is different from every other species their genetic makeup
constrains them to be insects and to share similar characteristics with 750000 species
o
f
i
nsects
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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：
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
90
90
90
90
7
7
7
7 m
agma
magma
magma
magma n
n
n
n
岩浆

In the molten state
i
t
i
s called magma as
i
t
pus
hes into the crust and lava when
i
t
r
uns
out onto the surface

7
7
7
7 luxury
luxury
luxury
luxury [
[
[
[
5lQkFErI
5lQkFErI
5lQkFErI
5lQkFErI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
奢侈




豪华
adj
adj
adj
adj
奢侈

One again
a
n
or
iginal portrait became
a
l
uxury commissioned by the wealthy and
executed by the professional

7
7
7
7 legitimate
legitimate
legitimate
legitimate [
[
[
[
l I5dVItImIt
l I5dVItImIt
l I5dVItImIt
l I5dVItImIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
认





正
adj
adj
adj
adj
合法

These early projection devices were used
i
n
v
audeville theaters legitimate theaters
local town halls makeshift storefront theaters fairgrounds and amusement parks to
show films to
a
m
ass audience

7
7
7
7 leather
leather
leather
leather [
[
[
[
5leTE
5leTE
5leTE
5leTE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
皮革
adj
adj
adj
adj
皮

When
a
s
lip was not applied the vessel was allowed to dry slowly until the external
surface was almost like leather
i
n
t
exture

7
7
7
7 latent
latent
latent
latent [
[
[
[
5leItEnt
5leItEnt
5leItEnt
5leItEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
潜伏性

Some
o
f
t
his heat is Line Moved by winds and some by ocean currents and some get
s
s
tored
i
n
t
he atmosphere
i
n
t
he form
o
f
l
atent heat

7
7
7
7 intricate
intricate
intricate
intricate [
[
[
[
5IntrIkIt
5IntrIkIt
5IntrIkIt
5IntrIkIt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
复杂

Notwithstanding preening and constant care the marvelously intricate structure
o
f
a
bi
rd
’
s
F
eather inevitably wears out

7
7
7
7 interviews
interviews
interviews
interviews
（
interview[
interview[
interview[
interview[
5IntEvju
5IntEvju
5IntEvju
5IntEvju
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
面谈

While such interviews can be highly entertaining they are not necessarily
a
n
a
ccurate
indication
o
f
publ
ic opinion

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
7
7
7
7 intentions
intentions
intentions
intentions
（
intention[
intention[
intention[
intention[
In5tenFEn
In5tenFEn
In5tenFEn
In5tenFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
意图
7
7
7
7 intended
intended
intended
intended
（
intend[
intend[
intend[
intend[
In5tend
In5tend
In5tend
In5tend
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
计
划
4
4
4
4 intent
intent
intent
intent [
[
[
[
In5tent
In5tent
In5tent
In5tent
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
意图

In other words the demands
o
f
t
he laws
o
f
ph
ysics not the sculptor＇s aesthetic
intentions placed the ball there

7
7
7
7 integral
integral
integral
integral [
[
[
[
5IntI^rEl
5IntI^rEl
5IntI^rEl
5IntI^rEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
整体

It is
a
l
ifelong process
a
pr
ocess that starts long before the start
o
f
s
chool and one tha
t
s
hould be
a
n
i
ntegral part
o
f
one
＇s entire life

7
7
7
7 instruction
instruction
instruction
instruction [
[
[
[
In5strQkFEn
In5strQkFEn
In5strQkFEn
In5strQkFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
指示
3
3
3
3 instructive
instructive
instructive
instructive [
[
[
[
In5strQktIv
In5strQktIv
In5strQktIv
In5strQktIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
教育性

In addition to securing an exhibition space
i
n
t
he Library Society building
i
n
l
ower
Manhattan the society founded
a
s
mall school for the instruction
o
f
w
atercolor painting
Periodic exhibitions
o
f
t
he members＇ paintings also included works by noted English
artists
o
f
t
he day borrowed from embryonic private collections
i
n
t
he city

7
7
7
7 initiate
initiate
initiate
initiate [
[
[
[
I5nIFIeIt
I5nIFIeIt
I5nIFIeIt
I5nIFIeIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
开
始

The additional sea ice floating toward the tropics would increase Earth
’
s
a
lbedo and
lower global temperatures perhaps enough to initiate
a
ne
w ice age
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
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Toefl
Toefl
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词汇红宝书
90
90
90
90
7
7
7
7 m
agma
magma
magma
magma n
n
n
n
岩浆

In the molten state
i
t
i
s called magma as
i
t
pus
hes into the crust and lava when
i
t
r
uns
out onto the surface

7
7
7
7 luxury
luxury
luxury
luxury [
[
[
[
5lQkFErI
5lQkFErI
5lQkFErI
5lQkFErI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
奢侈




豪华
adj
adj
adj
adj
奢侈

One again
a
n
or
iginal portrait became
a
l
uxury commissioned by the wealthy and
executed by the professional

7
7
7
7 legitimate
legitimate
legitimate
legitimate [
[
[
[
l I5dVItImIt
l I5dVItImIt
l I5dVItImIt
l I5dVItImIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
认





正
adj
adj
adj
adj
合法

These early projection devices were used
i
n
v
audeville theaters legitimate theaters
local town halls makeshift storefront theaters fairgrounds and amusement parks to
show films to
a
m
ass audience

7
7
7
7 leather
leather
leather
leather [
[
[
[
5leTE
5leTE
5leTE
5leTE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
皮革
adj
adj
adj
adj
皮

When
a
s
lip was not applied the vessel was allowed to dry slowly until the external
surface was almost like leather
i
n
t
exture

7
7
7
7 latent
latent
latent
latent [
[
[
[
5leItEnt
5leItEnt
5leItEnt
5leItEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
潜伏性

Some
o
f
t
his heat is Line Moved by winds and some by ocean currents and some get
s
s
tored
i
n
t
he atmosphere
i
n
t
he form
o
f
l
atent heat

7
7
7
7 intricate
intricate
intricate
intricate [
[
[
[
5IntrIkIt
5IntrIkIt
5IntrIkIt
5IntrIkIt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
复杂

Notwithstanding preening and constant care the marvelously intricate structure
o
f
a
bi
rd
’
s
F
eather inevitably wears out

7
7
7
7 interviews
interviews
interviews
interviews
（
interview[
interview[
interview[
interview[
5IntEvju
5IntEvju
5IntEvju
5IntEvju
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
面谈

While such interviews can be highly entertaining they are not necessarily
a
n
a
ccurate
indication
o
f
publ
ic opinion

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Blog
：
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留学英语前线
7
7
7
7 intentions
intentions
intentions
intentions
（
intention[
intention[
intention[
intention[
In5tenFEn
In5tenFEn
In5tenFEn
In5tenFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
意图
7
7
7
7 intended
intended
intended
intended
（
intend[
intend[
intend[
intend[
In5tend
In5tend
In5tend
In5tend
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
计
划
4
4
4
4 intent
intent
intent
intent [
[
[
[
In5tent
In5tent
In5tent
In5tent
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
意图

In other words the demands
o
f
t
he laws
o
f
ph
ysics not the sculptor＇s aesthetic
intentions placed the ball there

7
7
7
7 integral
integral
integral
integral [
[
[
[
5IntI^rEl
5IntI^rEl
5IntI^rEl
5IntI^rEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
整体

It is
a
l
ifelong process
a
pr
ocess that starts long before the start
o
f
s
chool and one tha
t
s
hould be
a
n
i
ntegral part
o
f
one
＇s entire life

7
7
7
7 instruction
instruction
instruction
instruction [
[
[
[
In5strQkFEn
In5strQkFEn
In5strQkFEn
In5strQkFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
指示
3
3
3
3 instructive
instructive
instructive
instructive [
[
[
[
In5strQktIv
In5strQktIv
In5strQktIv
In5strQktIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
教育性

In addition to securing an exhibition space
i
n
t
he Library Society building
i
n
l
ower
Manhattan the society founded
a
s
mall school for the instruction
o
f
w
atercolor painting
Periodic exhibitions
o
f
t
he members＇ paintings also included works by noted English
artists
o
f
t
he day borrowed from embryonic private collections
i
n
t
he city

7
7
7
7 initiate
initiate
initiate
initiate [
[
[
[
I5nIFIeIt
I5nIFIeIt
I5nIFIeIt
I5nIFIeIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
开
始

The additional sea ice floating toward the tropics would increase Earth
’
s
a
lbedo and
lower global temperatures perhaps enough to initiate
a
ne
w ice age
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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：
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
91
91
91
91
L
ist
List
List
List 5
5
5
5
（第五天）
7
7
7
7 informed
informed
informed
informed
（
inform[
inform[
inform[
inform[
In5fCm
In5fCm
In5fCm
In5fCm
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
通
知

However
i
n
a
w
ord
i
n
w
hich politics is increasingly visual informed citizenship
requires
a
ne
w set
o
f
s
kills

7
7
7
7 imagine
imagine
imagine
imagine [
[
[
[
I5mAdVIn
I5mAdVIn
I5mAdVIn
I5mAdVIn
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
想

4
4
4
4 imagination
imagination
imagination
imagination [
[
[
[
I7mAdVI5neIFEn
I7mAdVI5neIFEn
I7mAdVI5neIFEn
I7mAdVI5neIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
想力
3
3
3
3 imaginary
imaginary
imaginary
imaginary [
[
[
[
I5mAdVInErI
I5mAdVInErI
I5mAdVInErI
I5mAdVInErI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
想中

It is conceivable that before going hunting the hunters would draw or study pictures o
f
a
nimals and imagine
a
s
uccessful hunt

7
7
7
7 illumination
illumination
illumination
illumination [
[
[
[
I7ljumI5neIFEn
I7ljumI5neIFEn
I7ljumI5neIFEn
I7ljumI5neIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
明

The ready availability
o
f
c
oal inspired William Murdoch during the 1790s to develop
the first new form
o
f
ni
ghttime illumination to be discovered
i
n
a
m
illennium and
a
ha
lf

7
7
7
7 humidity
humidity
humidity
humidity [
[
[
[
hju5mIdItI
hju5mIdItI
hju5mIdItI
hju5mIdItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
湿度

When parrots incubate their eggs
i
n
t
he wild the temperature and humidity
o
f
t
he nes
t
a
re controlled naturally

7
7
7
7 hollow
hollow
hollow
hollow [
[
[
[
5hDlEJ
5hDlEJ
5hDlEJ
5hDlEJ
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
洞

The nervous system
o
f
v
ertebrates is characterized by
a
hol
low dorsal nerve cord that
ends
i
n
t
he head region as
a
n
e
nlargement the brain

7
7
7
7 herbs(herb[
herbs(herb[
herbs(herb[
herbs(herb[
h＼b
h＼b
h＼b
h＼b
])
])
])
]) n
n
n
n
药草

Where the forest inhibits the growth
o
f
gr
ass and other meadow plants the black
tailed deer browses
o
n
huc
kleberry salad dogwood and almost any other shrub or
herb

7
7
7
7 gulls
gulls
gulls
gulls
（
gull[
gull[
gull[
gull[
^Ql
^Ql
^Ql
^Ql
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
海鸥

The gulls want to capture the falcons

7
7
7
7 greedy
greedy
greedy
greedy [
[
[
[
5^ridI
5^ridI
5^ridI
5^ridI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
贪婪

The Democrats tended to view society as
a
c
ontinuing conflict between the people
farmers planters and workersand
a
s
et
o
f
gr
eedy aristocrats

7
7
7
7 gray
gray
gray
gray [
[
[
[
^reI
^reI
^reI
^reI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
灰色

Stone carvers engraved their motifs
o
f
s
kulls and crossbones and other religious icons
o
f
de
ath into the gray slabs that we still see standing today
i
n
ol
d burial grounds

7
7
7
7 gravitational
gravitational
gravitational
gravitational adj
adj
adj
adj
重力

Perhaps this is primeval heat or beat generated by the continued gravitational
contraction
o
f
t
he planet

7
7
7
7 gravel
gravel
gravel
gravel [
[
[
[
5^rAvEl
5^rAvEl
5^rAvEl
5^rAvEl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
砂砾

In lowland country almost any spot
o
n
t
he ground may overlie what was once the bed
o
f
a
r
iver that has since become buried by soil
i
f
t
hey are now below the water
’
s
uppe
r
surface (the water table) the gravels and sands
o
f
t
he former riverbed and its sandbars
will be saturated with groundwater

7
7
7
7 float
float
float
float [
[
[
[
flEJt
flEJt
flEJt
flEJt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
飘
浮

These finegrained layered sediments even contain occasional large pebbles or
dropstones
a
c
haracteristic feature
o
f
gl
acial environments where coarse material is
sometimes carried
o
n
f
loating ice and dropped far from its source into otherwise very
fine grained sediment

7
7
7
7 flask
flask
flask
flask [
[
[
[
flBsk
flBsk
flBsk
flBsk
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
细颈瓶

The proponents
o
f
s
pontaneous generation declared that fresh air was necessary for
spontaneous generation and that the air inside the sealed flask was affected
i
n
s
ome way
by heating so that
i
t
w
ould no longer support spontaneous generation
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
91
91
91
91
L
ist
List
List
List 5
5
5
5
（第五天）
7
7
7
7 informed
informed
informed
informed
（
inform[
inform[
inform[
inform[
In5fCm
In5fCm
In5fCm
In5fCm
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
通
知

However
i
n
a
w
ord
i
n
w
hich politics is increasingly visual informed citizenship
requires
a
ne
w set
o
f
s
kills

7
7
7
7 imagine
imagine
imagine
imagine [
[
[
[
I5mAdVIn
I5mAdVIn
I5mAdVIn
I5mAdVIn
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
想

4
4
4
4 imagination
imagination
imagination
imagination [
[
[
[
I7mAdVI5neIFEn
I7mAdVI5neIFEn
I7mAdVI5neIFEn
I7mAdVI5neIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
想力
3
3
3
3 imaginary
imaginary
imaginary
imaginary [
[
[
[
I5mAdVInErI
I5mAdVInErI
I5mAdVInErI
I5mAdVInErI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
想中

It is conceivable that before going hunting the hunters would draw or study pictures o
f
a
nimals and imagine
a
s
uccessful hunt

7
7
7
7 illumination
illumination
illumination
illumination [
[
[
[
I7ljumI5neIFEn
I7ljumI5neIFEn
I7ljumI5neIFEn
I7ljumI5neIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
明

The ready availability
o
f
c
oal inspired William Murdoch during the 1790s to develop
the first new form
o
f
ni
ghttime illumination to be discovered
i
n
a
m
illennium and
a
ha
lf

7
7
7
7 humidity
humidity
humidity
humidity [
[
[
[
hju5mIdItI
hju5mIdItI
hju5mIdItI
hju5mIdItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
湿度

When parrots incubate their eggs
i
n
t
he wild the temperature and humidity
o
f
t
he nes
t
a
re controlled naturally

7
7
7
7 hollow
hollow
hollow
hollow [
[
[
[
5hDlEJ
5hDlEJ
5hDlEJ
5hDlEJ
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
洞

The nervous system
o
f
v
ertebrates is characterized by
a
hol
low dorsal nerve cord that
ends
i
n
t
he head region as
a
n
e
nlargement the brain

7
7
7
7 herbs(herb[
herbs(herb[
herbs(herb[
herbs(herb[
h＼b
h＼b
h＼b
h＼b
])
])
])
]) n
n
n
n
药草

Where the forest inhibits the growth
o
f
gr
ass and other meadow plants the black
tailed deer browses
o
n
huc
kleberry salad dogwood and almost any other shrub or
herb

7
7
7
7 gulls
gulls
gulls
gulls
（
gull[
gull[
gull[
gull[
^Ql
^Ql
^Ql
^Ql
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
海鸥

The gulls want to capture the falcons

7
7
7
7 greedy
greedy
greedy
greedy [
[
[
[
5^ridI
5^ridI
5^ridI
5^ridI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
贪婪

The Democrats tended to view society as
a
c
ontinuing conflict between the people
farmers planters and workersand
a
s
et
o
f
gr
eedy aristocrats

7
7
7
7 gray
gray
gray
gray [
[
[
[
^reI
^reI
^reI
^reI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
灰色

Stone carvers engraved their motifs
o
f
s
kulls and crossbones and other religious icons
o
f
de
ath into the gray slabs that we still see standing today
i
n
ol
d burial grounds

7
7
7
7 gravitational
gravitational
gravitational
gravitational adj
adj
adj
adj
重力

Perhaps this is primeval heat or beat generated by the continued gravitational
contraction
o
f
t
he planet

7
7
7
7 gravel
gravel
gravel
gravel [
[
[
[
5^rAvEl
5^rAvEl
5^rAvEl
5^rAvEl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
砂砾

In lowland country almost any spot
o
n
t
he ground may overlie what was once the bed
o
f
a
r
iver that has since become buried by soil
i
f
t
hey are now below the water
’
s
uppe
r
surface (the water table) the gravels and sands
o
f
t
he former riverbed and its sandbars
will be saturated with groundwater

7
7
7
7 float
float
float
float [
[
[
[
flEJt
flEJt
flEJt
flEJt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
飘
浮

These finegrained layered sediments even contain occasional large pebbles or
dropstones
a
c
haracteristic feature
o
f
gl
acial environments where coarse material is
sometimes carried
o
n
f
loating ice and dropped far from its source into otherwise very
fine grained sediment

7
7
7
7 flask
flask
flask
flask [
[
[
[
flBsk
flBsk
flBsk
flBsk
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
细颈瓶

The proponents
o
f
s
pontaneous generation declared that fresh air was necessary for
spontaneous generation and that the air inside the sealed flask was affected
i
n
s
ome way
by heating so that
i
t
w
ould no longer support spontaneous generation
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
92
92
92
92
7
7
7
7 f
antasy
fantasy
fantasy
fantasy [
[
[
[
5fAntEsI 5fAntEzI
5fAntEsI 5fAntEzI
5fAntEsI 5fAntEzI
5fAntEsI 5fAntEzI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
幻想

The human capacities for imitation and fantasy are considered possible reasons why
societies develop theater

7
7
7
7 external
external
external
external [
[
[
[
eks5t＼nl
eks5t＼nl
eks5t＼nl
eks5t＼nl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
外部
5
5
5
5 exterior
exterior
exterior
exterior [
[
[
[
eks5tIErIE
eks5tIErIE
eks5tIErIE
eks5tIErIE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
外部

The external surfaces
o
f
pl
ants
i
n
a
ddition to being covered by
a
n
e
pidermis and
a
w
axy cuticle often carry spiky hairs known as trichomes which either prevent feeding
by insects or may even puncture and kill insect larvae

7
7
7
7 experts
experts
experts
experts
（
expert[
expert[
expert[
expert[
5eksp＼t
5eksp＼t
5eksp＼t
5eksp＼t
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
专家

Of
a
ll
t
hese experts none excelled the Pomo
a
gr
oup who lived
o
n
or ne
ar the coast
during the 1800＇s and whose descendants continue to live
i
n
pa
rts
o
f
t
he same region to
the same region to this day

7
7
7
7 evergreen
evergreen
evergreen
evergreen [
[
[
[
5evE^rin
5evE^rin
5evE^rin
5evE^rin
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
常绿

Companies engaged
i
n
i
ntensive timber cropping naturally take
a
di
m view
o
f
a
lders
suppressing more valuable evergreen trees

7
7
7
7 eruptions
eruptions
eruptions
eruptions
（
eruption[
eruption[
eruption[
eruption[
I5rQpFEn
I5rQpFEn
I5rQpFEn
I5rQpFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
爆发

For example the edge
o
f
t
he Pacific Ocean has been called the Ring
o
f
F
ire because
so many volcanic eruptions and earthquakes happen there

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7
7
7
7 elsewhere
elsewhere
elsewhere
elsewhere [
[
[
[
5els5hweE
5els5hweE
5els5hweE
5els5hweE
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
处

Moreover during the war and
i
n
t
he boom times that followed large numbers
o
f
t
eachers left their profession for better paying jobs elsewhere
i
n
t
he economy

7
7
7
7 elliptical
elliptical
elliptical
elliptical [
[
[
[
I5lIptIkEl
I5lIptIkEl
I5lIptIkEl
I5lIptIkEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
椭圆

Most
o
f
t
heir member stars are very old and since ellipticals are devoid
o
f
i
nterstellar
gas no new stars are forming
i
n
t
hem

7
7
7
7 ease
ease
ease
ease [
[
[
[
iz
iz
iz
iz
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
放
松

But note that porosity is not the same as permeability which measures the ease with
which water can flow through
a
m
aterial this depends
o
n
t
he sizes
o
f
t
he individual
cavities and the crevices linking them

老师
Blog
：
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老师
Toefl
词汇红宝书
7
7
7
7 droplets
droplets
droplets
droplets
（
droplet[
droplet[
droplet[
droplet[
5drDplIt
5drDplIt
5drDplIt
5drDplIt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
滴

As muddy sediments are pressed together the gas and small droplets
o
f oil
m
ay be
squeezed out
o
f
t
he mud and may move into sandy layers nearby

7
7
7
7 domesticated
domesticated
domesticated
domesticated
（
domesticate[
domesticate[
domesticate[
domesticate[
dE5mestIkeIt
dE5mestIkeIt
dE5mestIkeIt
dE5mestIkeIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
驯
养
3
3
3
3 domestication
domestication
domestication
domestication n
n
n
n
驯养

Contrary to the arguments
o
f
s
ome that much
o
f
t
he pacific was settled by Polynesian
s
a
ccidentally marooned after being lost and adrift
i
t
s
eems reasonable that this feat was
accomplished by deliberate colonization expeditions that set out fully stocked with food
and domesticated plants and animals

7
7
7
7 disturb
disturb
disturb
disturb [
[
[
[
dIs5t＼b
dIs5t＼b
dIs5t＼b
dIs5t＼b
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v

扰
3
3
3
3 undisturbed
undisturbed
undisturbed
undisturbed [
[
[
[
5QndIs5t＼bd
5QndIs5t＼bd
5QndIs5t＼bd
5QndIs5t＼bd
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
没受干扰
3
3
3
3 disturbance
disturbance
disturbance
disturbance [
[
[
[
dIs5t＼bEns
dIs5t＼bEns
dIs5t＼bEns
dIs5t＼bEns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
扰乱

T
o
pr
ovide evidence that
a
n
i
mpact can be large enough to disturb the environment
o
f
t
he entire planet and cause
a
n
e
cological disaster

7
7
7
7 distort
distort
distort
distort [
[
[
[
dIs5tCt
dIs5tCt
dIs5tCt
dIs5tCt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
歪
曲

Surrounding the column are three sepals and three petals sometimes easily
recognizable as such often distorted into gorgeous weird but always functional
shapes

7
7
7
7 disgust
disgust
disgust
disgust [
[
[
[
dIs5^Qst
dIs5^Qst
dIs5^Qst
dIs5^Qst
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
厌
恶

In classic research Paul Ekman took photographs
o
f
pe
ople exhibiting the emotions
o
f
a
nger disgust fear happiness and sadness
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
92
92
92
92
7
7
7
7 f
antasy
fantasy
fantasy
fantasy [
[
[
[
5fAntEsI 5fAntEzI
5fAntEsI 5fAntEzI
5fAntEsI 5fAntEzI
5fAntEsI 5fAntEzI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
幻想

The human capacities for imitation and fantasy are considered possible reasons why
societies develop theater

7
7
7
7 external
external
external
external [
[
[
[
eks5t＼nl
eks5t＼nl
eks5t＼nl
eks5t＼nl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
外部
5
5
5
5 exterior
exterior
exterior
exterior [
[
[
[
eks5tIErIE
eks5tIErIE
eks5tIErIE
eks5tIErIE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
外部

The external surfaces
o
f
pl
ants
i
n
a
ddition to being covered by
a
n
e
pidermis and
a
w
axy cuticle often carry spiky hairs known as trichomes which either prevent feeding
by insects or may even puncture and kill insect larvae

7
7
7
7 experts
experts
experts
experts
（
expert[
expert[
expert[
expert[
5eksp＼t
5eksp＼t
5eksp＼t
5eksp＼t
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
专家

Of
a
ll
t
hese experts none excelled the Pomo
a
gr
oup who lived
o
n
or ne
ar the coast
during the 1800＇s and whose descendants continue to live
i
n
pa
rts
o
f
t
he same region to
the same region to this day

7
7
7
7 evergreen
evergreen
evergreen
evergreen [
[
[
[
5evE^rin
5evE^rin
5evE^rin
5evE^rin
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
常绿

Companies engaged
i
n
i
ntensive timber cropping naturally take
a
di
m view
o
f
a
lders
suppressing more valuable evergreen trees

7
7
7
7 eruptions
eruptions
eruptions
eruptions
（
eruption[
eruption[
eruption[
eruption[
I5rQpFEn
I5rQpFEn
I5rQpFEn
I5rQpFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
爆发

For example the edge
o
f
t
he Pacific Ocean has been called the Ring
o
f
F
ire because
so many volcanic eruptions and earthquakes happen there

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
7
7
7
7 elsewhere
elsewhere
elsewhere
elsewhere [
[
[
[
5els5hweE
5els5hweE
5els5hweE
5els5hweE
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
处

Moreover during the war and
i
n
t
he boom times that followed large numbers
o
f
t
eachers left their profession for better paying jobs elsewhere
i
n
t
he economy

7
7
7
7 elliptical
elliptical
elliptical
elliptical [
[
[
[
I5lIptIkEl
I5lIptIkEl
I5lIptIkEl
I5lIptIkEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
椭圆

Most
o
f
t
heir member stars are very old and since ellipticals are devoid
o
f
i
nterstellar
gas no new stars are forming
i
n
t
hem

7
7
7
7 ease
ease
ease
ease [
[
[
[
iz
iz
iz
iz
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
放
松

But note that porosity is not the same as permeability which measures the ease with
which water can flow through
a
m
aterial this depends
o
n
t
he sizes
o
f
t
he individual
cavities and the crevices linking them

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
老师
Toefl
词汇红宝书
7
7
7
7 droplets
droplets
droplets
droplets
（
droplet[
droplet[
droplet[
droplet[
5drDplIt
5drDplIt
5drDplIt
5drDplIt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
滴

As muddy sediments are pressed together the gas and small droplets
o
f oil
m
ay be
squeezed out
o
f
t
he mud and may move into sandy layers nearby

7
7
7
7 domesticated
domesticated
domesticated
domesticated
（
domesticate[
domesticate[
domesticate[
domesticate[
dE5mestIkeIt
dE5mestIkeIt
dE5mestIkeIt
dE5mestIkeIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
驯
养
3
3
3
3 domestication
domestication
domestication
domestication n
n
n
n
驯养

Contrary to the arguments
o
f
s
ome that much
o
f
t
he pacific was settled by Polynesian
s
a
ccidentally marooned after being lost and adrift
i
t
s
eems reasonable that this feat was
accomplished by deliberate colonization expeditions that set out fully stocked with food
and domesticated plants and animals

7
7
7
7 disturb
disturb
disturb
disturb [
[
[
[
dIs5t＼b
dIs5t＼b
dIs5t＼b
dIs5t＼b
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v

扰
3
3
3
3 undisturbed
undisturbed
undisturbed
undisturbed [
[
[
[
5QndIs5t＼bd
5QndIs5t＼bd
5QndIs5t＼bd
5QndIs5t＼bd
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
没受干扰
3
3
3
3 disturbance
disturbance
disturbance
disturbance [
[
[
[
dIs5t＼bEns
dIs5t＼bEns
dIs5t＼bEns
dIs5t＼bEns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
扰乱

T
o
pr
ovide evidence that
a
n
i
mpact can be large enough to disturb the environment
o
f
t
he entire planet and cause
a
n
e
cological disaster

7
7
7
7 distort
distort
distort
distort [
[
[
[
dIs5tCt
dIs5tCt
dIs5tCt
dIs5tCt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
歪
曲

Surrounding the column are three sepals and three petals sometimes easily
recognizable as such often distorted into gorgeous weird but always functional
shapes

7
7
7
7 disgust
disgust
disgust
disgust [
[
[
[
dIs5^Qst
dIs5^Qst
dIs5^Qst
dIs5^Qst
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
厌
恶

In classic research Paul Ekman took photographs
o
f
pe
ople exhibiting the emotions
o
f
a
nger disgust fear happiness and sadness
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
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：
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
93
93
93
93
7
7
7
7 d
epletion
depletion
depletion
depletion [
[
[
[
dI5pliFEn
dI5pliFEn
dI5pliFEn
dI5pliFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
消耗
5
5
5
5 depleted
depleted
depleted
depleted
（
deplete[
deplete[
deplete[
deplete[
dI5plit
dI5plit
dI5plit
dI5plit
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
耗


The reaction
o
f
f
armers to the inevitable depletion
o
f
t
he Ogallala varies

7
7
7
7 deciphered
deciphered
deciphered
deciphered
（
decipher[
decipher[
decipher[
decipher[
dI5saIfE
dI5saIfE
dI5saIfE
dI5saIfE
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
译
解

There is no linguistic continuity between the languages
o
f
O
ld Europe
(
a
t
erm
sometimes used for Europe between 7000 and 3000 BC) and the languages
o
f
t
he
modem world and we cannot yet translate the Old European script Scholars have
deciphered other ancient languages such as Sumerian Akkadian and Babylonian
which used the cuneiform script because
o
f
t
he fortuitous discovery
o
f
bi
lingual
inscriptions When cuneiform tablets were first discovered
i
n
t
he eighteenth century
scholars could not decipher them

7
7
7
7 cured
cured
cured
cured
（
cure[
cure[
cure[
cure[
kjJE
kjJE
kjJE
kjJE
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
治
愈

Others cured meats silversmiths candle or otherwise produced needed goods and
commodities

7
7
7
7 criterion
criterion
criterion
criterion [
[
[
[
kraI5tIErIEn
kraI5tIErIEn
kraI5tIErIEn
kraI5tIErIEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
标准

Y
et
a
n
e
qually important criterion is the ability
o
f
a
s
pecies to survive random global
ecological catastrophes due to impacts

7
7
7
7 context
context
context
context [
[
[
[
5kDntekst
5kDntekst
5kDntekst
5kDntekst
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
文

It is unclear when humans began to use home bases what kind
o
f
c
ommunications and
social relations were involved and what the ecological and foodchoice contexts
o
f
t
he
shift were

7
7
7
7 confusing
confusing
confusing
confusing
（
confuse[
confuse[
confuse[
confuse[
kEn5fjuz
kEn5fjuz
kEn5fjuz
kEn5fjuz
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

糊涂
3
3
3
3 confusion
confusion
confusion
confusion [
[
[
[
kEn5fjuVEn
kEn5fjuVEn
kEn5fjuVEn
kEn5fjuVEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
混乱

Ecologists often confuse the word stability with the word resilience

7
7
7
7 compression
compression
compression
compression [
[
[
[
kEm5preF(E)n
kEm5preF(E)n
kEm5preF(E)n
kEm5preF(E)n
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
压缩
7
7
7
7 compressed
compressed
compressed
compressed
（
compress[
compress[
compress[
compress[
kEm5pres
kEm5pres
kEm5pres
kEm5pres
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
压
缩

It works
i
n
c
ompression to divert the weight above
i
t
out t
o the sides where the weight
is borne by the vertical elements
o
n
e
ither side
o
f
t
he arch

7
7
7
7 closet
closet
closet
closet [
[
[
[
5klDzIt
5klDzIt
5klDzIt
5klDzIt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
壁橱

When her family bought her new and welldesigned articles
o
f
c
lothing(she seldom
bought any herself) she left them hanging
i
n
t
he closet for weeks before wearing them
once
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7
7
7
7 carpenters
carpenters
carpenters
carpenters
（
carpenter[
carpenter[
carpenter[
carpenter[
5kBpIntE
5kBpIntE
5kBpIntE
5kBpIntE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
木匠

Since architecture was not yet
a
s
pecialized profession
i
n
t
he colonies the design
o
f
bui
ldings was left either to amateur designers or to carpenters who undertook to
interpret architectural manuals imported from England

7
7
7
7 career
career
career
career [
[
[
[
kE5rIE
kE5rIE
kE5rIE
kE5rIE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
事业

Focusing
o
n
l
ongrange goals
a
gr
aduating student might revise the question above to
What will I do after graduation that will lead to successful career

7
7
7
7 calculated
calculated
calculated
calculated
（
calculate[
calculate[
calculate[
calculate[
5kAlkjJleIt
5kAlkjJleIt
5kAlkjJleIt
5kAlkjJleIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
计
算
4
4
4
4 calculations
calculations
calculations
calculations
（
calculation[
calculation[
calculation[
calculation[
7kAlkjJ5leIFEn
7kAlkjJ5leIFEn
7kAlkjJ5leIFEn
7kAlkjJ5leIFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
计算

A
de
cision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together

7
7
7
7 bureau
bureau
bureau
bureau [
[
[
[
bjJE5rEJ 5bjJErEJ
bjJE5rEJ 5bjJErEJ
bjJE5rEJ 5bjJErEJ
bjJE5rEJ 5bjJErEJ
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
局

The changing profile
o
f
a
c
ity
i
n
t
he United States is apparent
i
n
t
he shifting definitions
used by the United States Bureau
o
f
t
he Census

7
7
7
7 bombard
bombard
bombard
bombard [
[
[
[
5bDmbBd
5bDmbBd
5bDmbBd
5bDmbBd
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
炮
击

It carries fine particles
o
f
s
and which bombard exposed rock surfaces thereby
wearing them into yet more sand

7
7
7
7 beach
beach
beach
beach [
[
[
[
bitF
bitF
bitF
bitF
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
海滩老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
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：
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
93
93
93
93
7
7
7
7 d
epletion
depletion
depletion
depletion [
[
[
[
dI5pliFEn
dI5pliFEn
dI5pliFEn
dI5pliFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
消耗
5
5
5
5 depleted
depleted
depleted
depleted
（
deplete[
deplete[
deplete[
deplete[
dI5plit
dI5plit
dI5plit
dI5plit
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
耗


The reaction
o
f
f
armers to the inevitable depletion
o
f
t
he Ogallala varies

7
7
7
7 deciphered
deciphered
deciphered
deciphered
（
decipher[
decipher[
decipher[
decipher[
dI5saIfE
dI5saIfE
dI5saIfE
dI5saIfE
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
译
解

There is no linguistic continuity between the languages
o
f
O
ld Europe
(
a
t
erm
sometimes used for Europe between 7000 and 3000 BC) and the languages
o
f
t
he
modem world and we cannot yet translate the Old European script Scholars have
deciphered other ancient languages such as Sumerian Akkadian and Babylonian
which used the cuneiform script because
o
f
t
he fortuitous discovery
o
f
bi
lingual
inscriptions When cuneiform tablets were first discovered
i
n
t
he eighteenth century
scholars could not decipher them

7
7
7
7 cured
cured
cured
cured
（
cure[
cure[
cure[
cure[
kjJE
kjJE
kjJE
kjJE
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
治
愈

Others cured meats silversmiths candle or otherwise produced needed goods and
commodities

7
7
7
7 criterion
criterion
criterion
criterion [
[
[
[
kraI5tIErIEn
kraI5tIErIEn
kraI5tIErIEn
kraI5tIErIEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
标准

Y
et
a
n
e
qually important criterion is the ability
o
f
a
s
pecies to survive random global
ecological catastrophes due to impacts

7
7
7
7 context
context
context
context [
[
[
[
5kDntekst
5kDntekst
5kDntekst
5kDntekst
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
文

It is unclear when humans began to use home bases what kind
o
f
c
ommunications and
social relations were involved and what the ecological and foodchoice contexts
o
f
t
he
shift were

7
7
7
7 confusing
confusing
confusing
confusing
（
confuse[
confuse[
confuse[
confuse[
kEn5fjuz
kEn5fjuz
kEn5fjuz
kEn5fjuz
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

糊涂
3
3
3
3 confusion
confusion
confusion
confusion [
[
[
[
kEn5fjuVEn
kEn5fjuVEn
kEn5fjuVEn
kEn5fjuVEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
混乱

Ecologists often confuse the word stability with the word resilience

7
7
7
7 compression
compression
compression
compression [
[
[
[
kEm5preF(E)n
kEm5preF(E)n
kEm5preF(E)n
kEm5preF(E)n
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
压缩
7
7
7
7 compressed
compressed
compressed
compressed
（
compress[
compress[
compress[
compress[
kEm5pres
kEm5pres
kEm5pres
kEm5pres
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
压
缩

It works
i
n
c
ompression to divert the weight above
i
t
out t
o the sides where the weight
is borne by the vertical elements
o
n
e
ither side
o
f
t
he arch

7
7
7
7 closet
closet
closet
closet [
[
[
[
5klDzIt
5klDzIt
5klDzIt
5klDzIt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
壁橱

When her family bought her new and welldesigned articles
o
f
c
lothing(she seldom
bought any herself) she left them hanging
i
n
t
he closet for weeks before wearing them
once
老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
7
7
7
7 carpenters
carpenters
carpenters
carpenters
（
carpenter[
carpenter[
carpenter[
carpenter[
5kBpIntE
5kBpIntE
5kBpIntE
5kBpIntE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
木匠

Since architecture was not yet
a
s
pecialized profession
i
n
t
he colonies the design
o
f
bui
ldings was left either to amateur designers or to carpenters who undertook to
interpret architectural manuals imported from England

7
7
7
7 career
career
career
career [
[
[
[
kE5rIE
kE5rIE
kE5rIE
kE5rIE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
事业

Focusing
o
n
l
ongrange goals
a
gr
aduating student might revise the question above to
What will I do after graduation that will lead to successful career

7
7
7
7 calculated
calculated
calculated
calculated
（
calculate[
calculate[
calculate[
calculate[
5kAlkjJleIt
5kAlkjJleIt
5kAlkjJleIt
5kAlkjJleIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
计
算
4
4
4
4 calculations
calculations
calculations
calculations
（
calculation[
calculation[
calculation[
calculation[
7kAlkjJ5leIFEn
7kAlkjJ5leIFEn
7kAlkjJ5leIFEn
7kAlkjJ5leIFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
计算

A
de
cision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together

7
7
7
7 bureau
bureau
bureau
bureau [
[
[
[
bjJE5rEJ 5bjJErEJ
bjJE5rEJ 5bjJErEJ
bjJE5rEJ 5bjJErEJ
bjJE5rEJ 5bjJErEJ
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
局

The changing profile
o
f
a
c
ity
i
n
t
he United States is apparent
i
n
t
he shifting definitions
used by the United States Bureau
o
f
t
he Census

7
7
7
7 bombard
bombard
bombard
bombard [
[
[
[
5bDmbBd
5bDmbBd
5bDmbBd
5bDmbBd
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
炮
击

It carries fine particles
o
f
s
and which bombard exposed rock surfaces thereby
wearing them into yet more sand

7
7
7
7 beach
beach
beach
beach [
[
[
[
bitF
bitF
bitF
bitF
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
海滩老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
94
94
94
94

T
he most thoroughly studied cases
o
f
de
ception strategies employed by ground
nesting birds involve plovers small birds that typically nest
o
n
be
aches or
i
n
ope
n fields
their nests merely scrapes
i
n
t
he sand or earth

7
7
7
7 backup
backup
backup
backup [
[
[
[
5bAkQp
5bAkQp
5bAkQp
5bAkQp
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
备物

In areas where the wind dies down backup electricity from
a
ut
ility company or from
a
n
e
nergy storage system becomes necessary

7
7
7
7 backbone
backbone
backbone
backbone [
[
[
[
5bAkbEJn
5bAkbEJn
5bAkbEJn
5bAkbEJn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
脊椎骨干

England passed legislation
i
n
1750 t
o prohibit colonists from making finished iron
products but by 1771 when entrepreneur Mark Bird established the Hopewell blast
furnace
i
n
P
ennsylvania iron making had become the backbone
o
f
A
merican industry

老
师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
7
7
7
7 autonomous
autonomous
autonomous
autonomous [
[
[
[
C5tCnEmEs
C5tCnEmEs
C5tCnEmEs
C5tCnEmEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
治

Another condition that contributes to the development
o
f
a
utonomous theater is the
emergence
o
f
t
he aesthetic sense

7
7
7
7 automatically
automatically
automatically
automatically [
[
[
[
CtE5mAtIklI
CtE5mAtIklI
CtE5mAtIklI
CtE5mAtIklI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
动

This process continues automatically and the finished barbed wire is wound onto
reels usually made
o
f
w
ire
i
n
l
ength
o
f
400 m
eters or
i
n
w
eights
o
f
up t
o 50 kilograms

7
7
7
7 at
tentive
attentive
attentive
attentive [
[
[
[
E5tentIv
E5tentIv
E5tentIv
E5tentIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
注意

Children normally desire to vent aggressive impulses
o
n
ot
her people including their
parents because even the most attentive parents cannot gratify all
o
f
t
heir demands
immediately

7
7
7
7 attached
attached
attached
attached
（
attach[
attach[
attach[
attach[
E5tAtF
E5tAtF
E5tAtF
E5tAtF
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
贴
附属
6
6
6
6 attachment
attachment
attachment
attachment [
[
[
[
E5tAtFmEnt
E5tAtFmEnt
E5tAtFmEnt
E5tAtFmEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
附属

In its early history the violin had
a
dul
l and rather quiet tone resulting from the fact
that the strings were thick and were attached to the body
o
f
t
he instrument very
loosely

7
7
7
7 aristocrats
aristocrats
aristocrats
aristocrats
（
aristocrat[
aristocrat[
aristocrat[
aristocrat[
5ArIstEkrAt
5ArIstEkrAt
5ArIstEkrAt
5ArIstEkrAt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
贵族持贵族观点
7
7
7
7 aristocracy
aristocracy
aristocracy
aristocracy [
[
[
[
7ArIs5tDkrEsI
7ArIs5tDkrEsI
7ArIs5tDkrEsI
7ArIs5tDkrEsI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
贵族层社会

The Democrats tended to view society as
a
c
ontinuing conflict between the people
farmers planters and workersand
a
s
et
o
f
gr
eedy aristocrats

7
7
7
7
a
rc
arc
arc
arc
[
[
[
[
B
k
Bk
Bk
Bk
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
弧

The fungi arc believed to supply water minerals and physical support to the
partnership

7
7
7
7 analogy
analogy
analogy
analogy [
[
[
[
E5nAlEdVI
E5nAlEdVI
E5nAlEdVI
E5nAlEdVI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
类似

The eggshell analogy may be quite accurate since the ice could be as little as
a
f
ew
kilometers thicka tree shell around what is likely
a
s
ubsurface liquid ocean that
i
n
t
urn
encases
a
r
ocky core

7
7
7
7 alpine
alpine
alpine
alpine [
[
[
[
5AlpaIn
5AlpaIn
5AlpaIn
5AlpaIn
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
高山

For examples
i
n
f
ield trials the plant alpine pennycress removed zinc and cadmium
from soils near
a
z
inc smelter and Indian mustard native to Pakistan and India has
been effective
i
n
r
educing levels
o
f
s
elenium salts by 50 percent
i
n
c
ontaminated soils

7
7
7
7 al
kali
alkali
alkali
alkali [
[
[
[
5AlkElaI
5AlkElaI
5AlkElaI
5AlkElaI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
碱

Potash (the old name for potassium carbonate) is one
o
f
t
he two alkalis (the other
being soda sodium carbonate) that were used from remote antiquity
i
n
t
he making
o
f
gl
ass and from the early Middle Ages
i
n
t
he making
o
f
s
oap the former being the
product
o
f
he
ating
a
m
ixture
o
f
a
lkali and sand the latter
a
pr
oduct
o
f
a
lkali and
vegetable oil

7
7
7
7 advertising
advertising
advertising
advertising
（
advertise[
advertise[
advertise[
advertise[
5AdvEtaIz
5AdvEtaIz
5AdvEtaIz
5AdvEtaIz
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
做
广告
4
4
4
4 advertisements
advertisements
advertisements
advertisements
（
advertisement[
advertisement[
advertisement[
advertisement[
Ed5v＼tIsmEnt
Ed5v＼tIsmEnt
Ed5v＼tIsmEnt
Ed5v＼tIsmEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
广告

By 1760 Boston newspapers were advertising 50 different kinds
o
f
m
ixed tulip老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
94
94
94
94

T
he most thoroughly studied cases
o
f
de
ception strategies employed by ground
nesting birds involve plovers small birds that typically nest
o
n
be
aches or
i
n
ope
n fields
their nests merely scrapes
i
n
t
he sand or earth

7
7
7
7 backup
backup
backup
backup [
[
[
[
5bAkQp
5bAkQp
5bAkQp
5bAkQp
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
备物

In areas where the wind dies down backup electricity from
a
ut
ility company or from
a
n
e
nergy storage system becomes necessary

7
7
7
7 backbone
backbone
backbone
backbone [
[
[
[
5bAkbEJn
5bAkbEJn
5bAkbEJn
5bAkbEJn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
脊椎骨干

England passed legislation
i
n
1750 t
o prohibit colonists from making finished iron
products but by 1771 when entrepreneur Mark Bird established the Hopewell blast
furnace
i
n
P
ennsylvania iron making had become the backbone
o
f
A
merican industry

老
师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
7
7
7
7 autonomous
autonomous
autonomous
autonomous [
[
[
[
C5tCnEmEs
C5tCnEmEs
C5tCnEmEs
C5tCnEmEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
治

Another condition that contributes to the development
o
f
a
utonomous theater is the
emergence
o
f
t
he aesthetic sense

7
7
7
7 automatically
automatically
automatically
automatically [
[
[
[
CtE5mAtIklI
CtE5mAtIklI
CtE5mAtIklI
CtE5mAtIklI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
动

This process continues automatically and the finished barbed wire is wound onto
reels usually made
o
f
w
ire
i
n
l
ength
o
f
400 m
eters or
i
n
w
eights
o
f
up t
o 50 kilograms

7
7
7
7 at
tentive
attentive
attentive
attentive [
[
[
[
E5tentIv
E5tentIv
E5tentIv
E5tentIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
注意

Children normally desire to vent aggressive impulses
o
n
ot
her people including their
parents because even the most attentive parents cannot gratify all
o
f
t
heir demands
immediately

7
7
7
7 attached
attached
attached
attached
（
attach[
attach[
attach[
attach[
E5tAtF
E5tAtF
E5tAtF
E5tAtF
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
贴
附属
6
6
6
6 attachment
attachment
attachment
attachment [
[
[
[
E5tAtFmEnt
E5tAtFmEnt
E5tAtFmEnt
E5tAtFmEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
附属

In its early history the violin had
a
dul
l and rather quiet tone resulting from the fact
that the strings were thick and were attached to the body
o
f
t
he instrument very
loosely

7
7
7
7 aristocrats
aristocrats
aristocrats
aristocrats
（
aristocrat[
aristocrat[
aristocrat[
aristocrat[
5ArIstEkrAt
5ArIstEkrAt
5ArIstEkrAt
5ArIstEkrAt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
贵族持贵族观点
7
7
7
7 aristocracy
aristocracy
aristocracy
aristocracy [
[
[
[
7ArIs5tDkrEsI
7ArIs5tDkrEsI
7ArIs5tDkrEsI
7ArIs5tDkrEsI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
贵族层社会

The Democrats tended to view society as
a
c
ontinuing conflict between the people
farmers planters and workersand
a
s
et
o
f
gr
eedy aristocrats

7
7
7
7
a
rc
arc
arc
arc
[
[
[
[
B
k
Bk
Bk
Bk
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
弧

The fungi arc believed to supply water minerals and physical support to the
partnership

7
7
7
7 analogy
analogy
analogy
analogy [
[
[
[
E5nAlEdVI
E5nAlEdVI
E5nAlEdVI
E5nAlEdVI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
类似

The eggshell analogy may be quite accurate since the ice could be as little as
a
f
ew
kilometers thicka tree shell around what is likely
a
s
ubsurface liquid ocean that
i
n
t
urn
encases
a
r
ocky core

7
7
7
7 alpine
alpine
alpine
alpine [
[
[
[
5AlpaIn
5AlpaIn
5AlpaIn
5AlpaIn
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
高山

For examples
i
n
f
ield trials the plant alpine pennycress removed zinc and cadmium
from soils near
a
z
inc smelter and Indian mustard native to Pakistan and India has
been effective
i
n
r
educing levels
o
f
s
elenium salts by 50 percent
i
n
c
ontaminated soils

7
7
7
7 al
kali
alkali
alkali
alkali [
[
[
[
5AlkElaI
5AlkElaI
5AlkElaI
5AlkElaI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
碱

Potash (the old name for potassium carbonate) is one
o
f
t
he two alkalis (the other
being soda sodium carbonate) that were used from remote antiquity
i
n
t
he making
o
f
gl
ass and from the early Middle Ages
i
n
t
he making
o
f
s
oap the former being the
product
o
f
he
ating
a
m
ixture
o
f
a
lkali and sand the latter
a
pr
oduct
o
f
a
lkali and
vegetable oil

7
7
7
7 advertising
advertising
advertising
advertising
（
advertise[
advertise[
advertise[
advertise[
5AdvEtaIz
5AdvEtaIz
5AdvEtaIz
5AdvEtaIz
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
做
广告
4
4
4
4 advertisements
advertisements
advertisements
advertisements
（
advertisement[
advertisement[
advertisement[
advertisement[
Ed5v＼tIsmEnt
Ed5v＼tIsmEnt
Ed5v＼tIsmEnt
Ed5v＼tIsmEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
广告

By 1760 Boston newspapers were advertising 50 different kinds
o
f
m
ixed tulip老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
95
95
95
95

roots

7
7
7
7 admired
admired
admired
admired
（
admire[
admire[
admire[
admire[
Ed5maIE
Ed5maIE
Ed5maIE
Ed5maIE
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
钦
佩

Copper was used for practical items but
i
t
w
as not admired for its beauty

6
6
6
6 woven
woven
woven
woven
（
weave[
weave[
weave[
weave[
wiv
wiv
wiv
wiv
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
编
织 （式）

His fibers were short and fragile but he predicted that spun glass fibers as thin as
spider silk would be flexible and could be woven into fabric

6
6
6
6 workshops
workshops
workshops
workshops
（
workshop[
workshop[
workshop[
workshop[
5w＼kFDp
5w＼kFDp
5w＼kFDp
5w＼kFDp
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
研讨会

T
o
be s
ure there were still small workshops where skilled craftspeople manufactured
products ranging from newspapers to cabinets to plumbing fixtures

6
6
6
6 vulnerable
vulnerable
vulnerable
vulnerable [
[
[
[
5vQlnErEb(E)l
5vQlnErEb(E)l
5vQlnErEb(E)l
5vQlnErEb(E)l
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
易受伤害

Excessive numbers
o
f
c
attle and the need for firewood for fuel have reduced grasses
and trees leaving the land unprotected and vulnerable

6
6
6
6 violent
violent
violent
violent [
[
[
[
5vaIElEnt
5vaIElEnt
5vaIElEnt
5vaIElEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
猛烈

Until recently nobody realized that Earth is exposed to unpredictable violent impacts
from space

6
6
6
6 vase
vase
vase
vase [
[
[
[
vBz veIs
vBz veIs
vBz veIs
vBz veIs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
花瓶

However not
a
ll
f
unctional objects are exactly alike that is why we recognize
a
S
han
g
D
ynasty vase as being different from
a
n
I
nca vase

6
6
6
6 trolleys
trolleys
trolleys
trolleys
（
trolley[
trolley[
trolley[
trolley[
5tDDlI
5tDDlI
5tDDlI
5tDDlI
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
电车

Electric railways (trams and trolleys) provided reasonable intraurban and short
distance intercity travel They also offered some longer routes but only
i
n
c
ertain parts
o
f
t
he country

6
6
6
6 tribal
tribal
tribal
tribal [
[
[
[
5traIbEl
5traIbEl
5traIbEl
5traIbEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
部落

Many tribal hunters including some Native Americans camouflaged themselves by
wearing animal heads and hides

6
6
6
6 trance
trance
trance
trance [
[
[
[
trBns
trBns
trBns
trBns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
恍惚

T
o
i
ndicate that trance states were often associated with activities that took place
inside caves

6
6
6
6 trampling
trampling
trampling
trampling
（
trample[
trample[
trample[
trample[
5trAmpl
5trAmpl
5trAmpl
5trAmpl
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
践
踏

The consequences
o
f
a
n
e
xcessive number
o
f
l
ivestock grazing
i
n an
a
rea are the
reduction
o
f
t
he vegetation cover and the trampling and pulverization
o
f
t
he soil

6
6
6
6 thrust
thrust
thrust
thrust [
[
[
[
WrQst
WrQst
WrQst
WrQst
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
插
入

Complete the table below by indicating which features
o
f
f
ishes are associated
i
n
t
he
passage with reducing water resistance and which are associated with increasing
thrust
老师
Blog
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wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
6
6
6
6 thread
thread
thread
thread [
[
[
[
Wred
Wred
Wred
Wred
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
线

The filling was
a
s
oft layer
o
f
w
ool which had been cleaned and separated and the
three layers were held together with decorative stitching done with homespun linen
thread

6
6
6
6 tendency
tendency
tendency
tendency [
[
[
[
5tendEnsI
5tendEnsI
5tendEnsI
5tendEnsI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
倾

One observation that supports this suggestion is the recorded tendency for slowflyin
g
bl
ackheaded gulls which are normally able to escape predators by means
o
f
di
rect
flight to show frequent changes
i
n
f
light direction when they spot
a
pe
regrine falcon
(peregrines are adept at capturing flying birds)

6
6
6
6 telescope
telescope
telescope
telescope [
[
[
[
5telIskEJp
5telIskEJp
5telIskEJp
5telIskEJp
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
远镜

Earthbased telescopes can resolve objects as small as
a
f
ew hundred meters
o
n
t
he
lunar surface
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
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wwwibtsatcom
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英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
95
95
95
95

roots

7
7
7
7 admired
admired
admired
admired
（
admire[
admire[
admire[
admire[
Ed5maIE
Ed5maIE
Ed5maIE
Ed5maIE
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
钦
佩

Copper was used for practical items but
i
t
w
as not admired for its beauty

6
6
6
6 woven
woven
woven
woven
（
weave[
weave[
weave[
weave[
wiv
wiv
wiv
wiv
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
编
织 （式）

His fibers were short and fragile but he predicted that spun glass fibers as thin as
spider silk would be flexible and could be woven into fabric

6
6
6
6 workshops
workshops
workshops
workshops
（
workshop[
workshop[
workshop[
workshop[
5w＼kFDp
5w＼kFDp
5w＼kFDp
5w＼kFDp
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
研讨会

T
o
be s
ure there were still small workshops where skilled craftspeople manufactured
products ranging from newspapers to cabinets to plumbing fixtures

6
6
6
6 vulnerable
vulnerable
vulnerable
vulnerable [
[
[
[
5vQlnErEb(E)l
5vQlnErEb(E)l
5vQlnErEb(E)l
5vQlnErEb(E)l
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
易受伤害

Excessive numbers
o
f
c
attle and the need for firewood for fuel have reduced grasses
and trees leaving the land unprotected and vulnerable

6
6
6
6 violent
violent
violent
violent [
[
[
[
5vaIElEnt
5vaIElEnt
5vaIElEnt
5vaIElEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
猛烈

Until recently nobody realized that Earth is exposed to unpredictable violent impacts
from space

6
6
6
6 vase
vase
vase
vase [
[
[
[
vBz veIs
vBz veIs
vBz veIs
vBz veIs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
花瓶

However not
a
ll
f
unctional objects are exactly alike that is why we recognize
a
S
han
g
D
ynasty vase as being different from
a
n
I
nca vase

6
6
6
6 trolleys
trolleys
trolleys
trolleys
（
trolley[
trolley[
trolley[
trolley[
5tDDlI
5tDDlI
5tDDlI
5tDDlI
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
电车

Electric railways (trams and trolleys) provided reasonable intraurban and short
distance intercity travel They also offered some longer routes but only
i
n
c
ertain parts
o
f
t
he country

6
6
6
6 tribal
tribal
tribal
tribal [
[
[
[
5traIbEl
5traIbEl
5traIbEl
5traIbEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
部落

Many tribal hunters including some Native Americans camouflaged themselves by
wearing animal heads and hides

6
6
6
6 trance
trance
trance
trance [
[
[
[
trBns
trBns
trBns
trBns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
恍惚

T
o
i
ndicate that trance states were often associated with activities that took place
inside caves

6
6
6
6 trampling
trampling
trampling
trampling
（
trample[
trample[
trample[
trample[
5trAmpl
5trAmpl
5trAmpl
5trAmpl
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
践
踏

The consequences
o
f
a
n
e
xcessive number
o
f
l
ivestock grazing
i
n an
a
rea are the
reduction
o
f
t
he vegetation cover and the trampling and pulverization
o
f
t
he soil

6
6
6
6 thrust
thrust
thrust
thrust [
[
[
[
WrQst
WrQst
WrQst
WrQst
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
插
入

Complete the table below by indicating which features
o
f
f
ishes are associated
i
n
t
he
passage with reducing water resistance and which are associated with increasing
thrust
老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
6
6
6
6 thread
thread
thread
thread [
[
[
[
Wred
Wred
Wred
Wred
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
线

The filling was
a
s
oft layer
o
f
w
ool which had been cleaned and separated and the
three layers were held together with decorative stitching done with homespun linen
thread

6
6
6
6 tendency
tendency
tendency
tendency [
[
[
[
5tendEnsI
5tendEnsI
5tendEnsI
5tendEnsI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
倾

One observation that supports this suggestion is the recorded tendency for slowflyin
g
bl
ackheaded gulls which are normally able to escape predators by means
o
f
di
rect
flight to show frequent changes
i
n
f
light direction when they spot
a
pe
regrine falcon
(peregrines are adept at capturing flying birds)

6
6
6
6 telescope
telescope
telescope
telescope [
[
[
[
5telIskEJp
5telIskEJp
5telIskEJp
5telIskEJp
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
远镜

Earthbased telescopes can resolve objects as small as
a
f
ew hundred meters
o
n
t
he
lunar surface
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
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英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
96
96
96
96
6
6
6
6 t
arget
target
target
target [
[
[
[
5tB^It
5tB^It
5tB^It
5tB^It
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
目标

And for the very first time most
o
f
hum
anity came to fully appreciate the fact that we
ourselves live
o
n
a
s
imilar target
a
w
orld subject to catastrophe by random assaults
from celestial bodies

6
6
6
6 tannins
tannins
tannins
tannins
（
tannin
tannin
tannin
tannin
）
n
n
n
n
丹宁酸

The tannins are part
o
f
t
he defense mechanism that is essential to longevity

6
6
6
6 tactics
tactics
tactics
tactics
（
tactic[
tactic[
tactic[
tactic[
5tAktIk
5tAktIk
5tAktIk
5tAktIk
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
策略

Studies have demonstrated that these crabs significantly improve their chances against
predators such as octopus by means
o
f
t
his tactic

6
6
6
6 synthetic
synthetic
synthetic
synthetic [
[
[
[
sIn5WetIc
sIn5WetIc
sIn5WetIc
sIn5WetIc
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
综合

By 1900
a
c
omplete range
o
f
s
ynthetic colors had been evolved many
o
f
t
hem
reaching
a
s
tandard
o
f
r
esistance to fading from exposure to light and to washing that
greatly exceeded that
o
f
na
tural dyestuffs

6
6
6
6 switch
switch
switch
switch [
[
[
[
swItF
swItF
swItF
swItF
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
转
换

Farmers will be forced to switch to genetically engineered crops

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
6
6
6
6 substitute
substitute
substitute
substitute [
[
[
[
5sQbstItjut
5sQbstItjut
5sQbstItjut
5sQbstItjut
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
代

n
n
n
n
代理代理

Deep dives are less dangerous
i
f
he
lium is substituted for nitrogen because under
these pressures helium does not exert
a
s
imilar narcotic effect

6
6
6
6 stimulus
stimulus
stimulus
stimulus [
[
[
[
5stImjJlEs
5stImjJlEs
5stImjJlEs
5stImjJlEs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
刺激

It has lived because readers appreciate
a
r
efreshing stimulus
a
n
i
rreverent reminder
that they lived
i
n
a
w
orld
o
f
pl
atitudinous thinking cheap moralizing and foolish
philosophy

6
6
6
6 steadily
steadily
steadily
steadily [
[
[
[
5stedIlI
5stedIlI
5stedIlI
5stedIlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
稳定

Since 1895 this secentrymilelong river
o
f
i
ce has been flowing steadily toward the
Gulf
o
f
A
laska
a
t
a
r
ate
o
f
a
pproximately 200 feet per year

6
6
6
6 squash
squash
squash
squash [
[
[
[
skwDF
skwDF
skwDF
skwDF
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
南瓜

The women planted another staple squash about the first
o
f
J
une and harvested
i
t
ne
ar the time
o
f
t
he green corn harvest

6
6
6
6 solve
solve
solve
solve [
[
[
[
sDlv
sDlv
sDlv
sDlv
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
解
决

New areas
o
f
s
cience have been opened up and fundamental discoveries made as
a
r
esult
o
f
a
ttempts to solve
a
s
pecific technical or economic problem

6
6
6
6 solo
solo
solo
solo [
[
[
[
5sEJlEJ
5sEJlEJ
5sEJlEJ
5sEJlEJ
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
独奏单独

Later the idea
o
f
t
he choruslong or multichorus solo took hold Louis Armstrong＇s
instrumental brilliance demonstrated through extended solos was
a
m
ajor influence
i
n
t
his development

6
6
6
6 solitary
solitary
solitary
solitary [
[
[
[
5sDlItErI
5sDlItErI
5sDlItErI
5sDlItErI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
单独隐居

Richly organized colonies
o
f
t
he land made possible by eusociality enjoy several key
advantages over solitary individuals

6
6
6
6 slip
slip
slip
slip [
[
[
[
slIp
slIp
slIp
slIp
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
滑
倒

Occasionally the knives slip and leave scratches
o
n
t
he users＇ teeth

6
6
6
6 simplified
simplified
simplified
simplified
（
simplify[
simplify[
simplify[
simplify[
5sImplIfaI
5sImplIfaI
5sImplIfaI
5sImplIfaI
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
精
简

In 1847 the United States Post Office Department adopted the idea
o
f
a
pos
tage stamp
which
o
f
c
ourse simplified the payment for postal service but caused grumbling by
those who did not like to prepay

6
6
6
6 silica
silica
silica
silica [
[
[
[
5sIlIkE
5sIlIkE
5sIlIkE
5sIlIkE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
硅石

All magma consists basically
o
f
a
v
ariety
o
f
s
ilicate minerals (high
i
n
s
iliconoxygen
compounds) but the chemical composition
o
f
a
ny given flow may differ radically from
that
o
f
a
ny other
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
96
96
96
96
6
6
6
6 t
arget
target
target
target [
[
[
[
5tB^It
5tB^It
5tB^It
5tB^It
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
目标

And for the very first time most
o
f
hum
anity came to fully appreciate the fact that we
ourselves live
o
n
a
s
imilar target
a
w
orld subject to catastrophe by random assaults
from celestial bodies

6
6
6
6 tannins
tannins
tannins
tannins
（
tannin
tannin
tannin
tannin
）
n
n
n
n
丹宁酸

The tannins are part
o
f
t
he defense mechanism that is essential to longevity

6
6
6
6 tactics
tactics
tactics
tactics
（
tactic[
tactic[
tactic[
tactic[
5tAktIk
5tAktIk
5tAktIk
5tAktIk
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
策略

Studies have demonstrated that these crabs significantly improve their chances against
predators such as octopus by means
o
f
t
his tactic

6
6
6
6 synthetic
synthetic
synthetic
synthetic [
[
[
[
sIn5WetIc
sIn5WetIc
sIn5WetIc
sIn5WetIc
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
综合

By 1900
a
c
omplete range
o
f
s
ynthetic colors had been evolved many
o
f
t
hem
reaching
a
s
tandard
o
f
r
esistance to fading from exposure to light and to washing that
greatly exceeded that
o
f
na
tural dyestuffs

6
6
6
6 switch
switch
switch
switch [
[
[
[
swItF
swItF
swItF
swItF
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
转
换

Farmers will be forced to switch to genetically engineered crops

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
6
6
6
6 substitute
substitute
substitute
substitute [
[
[
[
5sQbstItjut
5sQbstItjut
5sQbstItjut
5sQbstItjut
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
代

n
n
n
n
代理代理

Deep dives are less dangerous
i
f
he
lium is substituted for nitrogen because under
these pressures helium does not exert
a
s
imilar narcotic effect

6
6
6
6 stimulus
stimulus
stimulus
stimulus [
[
[
[
5stImjJlEs
5stImjJlEs
5stImjJlEs
5stImjJlEs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
刺激

It has lived because readers appreciate
a
r
efreshing stimulus
a
n
i
rreverent reminder
that they lived
i
n
a
w
orld
o
f
pl
atitudinous thinking cheap moralizing and foolish
philosophy

6
6
6
6 steadily
steadily
steadily
steadily [
[
[
[
5stedIlI
5stedIlI
5stedIlI
5stedIlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
稳定

Since 1895 this secentrymilelong river
o
f
i
ce has been flowing steadily toward the
Gulf
o
f
A
laska
a
t
a
r
ate
o
f
a
pproximately 200 feet per year

6
6
6
6 squash
squash
squash
squash [
[
[
[
skwDF
skwDF
skwDF
skwDF
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
南瓜

The women planted another staple squash about the first
o
f
J
une and harvested
i
t
ne
ar the time
o
f
t
he green corn harvest

6
6
6
6 solve
solve
solve
solve [
[
[
[
sDlv
sDlv
sDlv
sDlv
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
解
决

New areas
o
f
s
cience have been opened up and fundamental discoveries made as
a
r
esult
o
f
a
ttempts to solve
a
s
pecific technical or economic problem

6
6
6
6 solo
solo
solo
solo [
[
[
[
5sEJlEJ
5sEJlEJ
5sEJlEJ
5sEJlEJ
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
独奏单独

Later the idea
o
f
t
he choruslong or multichorus solo took hold Louis Armstrong＇s
instrumental brilliance demonstrated through extended solos was
a
m
ajor influence
i
n
t
his development

6
6
6
6 solitary
solitary
solitary
solitary [
[
[
[
5sDlItErI
5sDlItErI
5sDlItErI
5sDlItErI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
单独隐居

Richly organized colonies
o
f
t
he land made possible by eusociality enjoy several key
advantages over solitary individuals

6
6
6
6 slip
slip
slip
slip [
[
[
[
slIp
slIp
slIp
slIp
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
滑
倒

Occasionally the knives slip and leave scratches
o
n
t
he users＇ teeth

6
6
6
6 simplified
simplified
simplified
simplified
（
simplify[
simplify[
simplify[
simplify[
5sImplIfaI
5sImplIfaI
5sImplIfaI
5sImplIfaI
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
精
简

In 1847 the United States Post Office Department adopted the idea
o
f
a
pos
tage stamp
which
o
f
c
ourse simplified the payment for postal service but caused grumbling by
those who did not like to prepay

6
6
6
6 silica
silica
silica
silica [
[
[
[
5sIlIkE
5sIlIkE
5sIlIkE
5sIlIkE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
硅石

All magma consists basically
o
f
a
v
ariety
o
f
s
ilicate minerals (high
i
n
s
iliconoxygen
compounds) but the chemical composition
o
f
a
ny given flow may differ radically from
that
o
f
a
ny other
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
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师
Blog
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：
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留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
97
97
97
97
6
6
6
6 s
ilent
silent
silent
silent [
[
[
[
5saIlEnt
5saIlEnt
5saIlEnt
5saIlEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
沉默
n
n
n
n
声电影

Accustomed though we are to speaking
o
f
t
he films made before 1927 as silent the
film has never been
i
n
t
he full sense
o
f
t
he word silent

6
6
6
6 shelves
shelves
shelves
shelves
（
shelve[
shelve[
shelve[
shelve[
Felv
Felv
Felv
Felv
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
架子
v

v
v
v
放
置架子

I
f
e
nough surge glaciers reach the ocean and raise sea levels
W
est
A
ntarctic ice
shelves could rise
o
ff
t
he seafloor and become adrift

6
6
6
6 separation
separation
separation
separation [
[
[
[
sepE5reIFEn
sepE5reIFEn
sepE5reIFEn
sepE5reIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
分离

The separation
o
f
m
yths from rites

6
6
6
6 seldom
seldom
seldom
seldom [
[
[
[
5seldEm
5seldEm
5seldEm
5seldEm
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
少

They seldom live
i
n
a
ny one place for very long

6
6
6
6 securing
securing
securing
securing
（
secure[
secure[
secure[
secure[
sI5kjJE
sI5kjJE
sI5kjJE
sI5kjJE
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

安全掩护
adj
adj
adj
adj
安全

In addition to securing an exhibition space
i
n
t
he Library Society building
i
n
l
ower
Manhattan the society founded
a
s
mall school for the instruction
o
f
w
atercolor painting
Periodic exhibitions
o
f
t
he members＇ paintings also included works by noted English
artists
o
f
t
he day borrowed from embryonic private collections
i
n
t
he city

6
6
6
6 scratches
scratches
scratches
scratches
（
scratch[
scratch[
scratch[
scratch[
skrAtF
skrAtF
skrAtF
skrAtF
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
抓痕

Scratches made with
a
l
efttonght stroke direction (by righthanders) are more
common than scratches
i
n
t
he opposite direction (made by lefthanders)

6
6
6
6 scores
scores
scores
scores
（
score[
score[
score[
score[
skC skCE
skC skCE
skC skCE
skC skCE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
分成绩二十
v

v
v
v

分

They divided the work Hazen methodically screened and cultured scores
o
f
s
oil
samples which she then sent to her partner who prepared extracts isolated and purified
active agents and shipped them back to New York where Hazen could study their
biological properties

6
6
6
6 scattered
scattered
scattered
scattered
（
scatter[
scatter[
scatter[
scatter[
5skAtE
5skAtE
5skAtE
5skAtE
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

消散

Neither the harshness
o
f
e
xistence
o
n
t
he new continent nor the scattered population
nor the disapproval
o
f
t
he clergy discouraged the majority from the pursuit
o
f
pl
easure

6
6
6
6 s
atiric
satiric
satiric
satiric adj
adj
adj
adj
讽刺

It was the manner
o
f
e
xpression the satiric method that made them interesting and
entertaining

6
6
6
6 sandy
sandy
sandy
sandy [
[
[
[
5sAndI
5sAndI
5sAndI
5sAndI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
含沙

Over long periods
o
f
t
ime (millions
o
f
y
ears) accumulations
o
f
ga
s and
o
il
c
an collect
i
n
t
he sandy layers

6
6
6
6 resolution
resolution
resolution
resolution [
[
[
[
7rezE5ljuFEn
7rezE5ljuFEn
7rezE5ljuFEn
7rezE5ljuFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
决心
3
3
3
3 resolve
resolve
resolve
resolve [
[
[
[
rI5zDlv
rI5zDlv
rI5zDlv
rI5zDlv
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
解
决

During the 1940＇s electron microscopes routinely achieved resolution better than that
possible with
a
v
isiblelight microscope while the performance
o
f
x
ray microscopes
resisted improvement

6
6
6
6 repeated
repeated
repeated
repeated
（
repeat[
repeat[
repeat[
repeat[
rI5pit
rI5pit
rI5pit
rI5pit
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
重
复

Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then retained and
repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals

6
6
6
6 refused
refused
refused
refused
（
refuse[
refuse[
refuse[
refuse[
rI5fjuz
rI5fjuz
rI5fjuz
rI5fjuz
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
拒
绝

Cattle raised
i
n
t
he western United States refused to eat it

6
6
6
6 ranchers
ranchers
ranchers
ranchers
（
rancher[
rancher[
rancher[
rancher[
5rAntFE
5rAntFE
5rAntFE
5rAntFE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
牧场工
5
5
5
5 ranching
ranching
ranching
ranching
（
ranch[
ranch[
ranch[
ranch[
rAntF rBntF
rAntF rBntF
rAntF rBntF
rAntF rBntF
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

营牧场

The land under wind turbines can be used for grazing cattle and other purposes and
leasing land for wind turbines can provide extra income for farmers and ranchers

6
6
6
6 railway
railway
railway
railway [
[
[
[
5reIlweI
5reIlweI
5reIlweI
5reIlweI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
铁路老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
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英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
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：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
97
97
97
97
6
6
6
6 s
ilent
silent
silent
silent [
[
[
[
5saIlEnt
5saIlEnt
5saIlEnt
5saIlEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
沉默
n
n
n
n
声电影

Accustomed though we are to speaking
o
f
t
he films made before 1927 as silent the
film has never been
i
n
t
he full sense
o
f
t
he word silent

6
6
6
6 shelves
shelves
shelves
shelves
（
shelve[
shelve[
shelve[
shelve[
Felv
Felv
Felv
Felv
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
架子
v

v
v
v
放
置架子

I
f
e
nough surge glaciers reach the ocean and raise sea levels
W
est
A
ntarctic ice
shelves could rise
o
ff
t
he seafloor and become adrift

6
6
6
6 separation
separation
separation
separation [
[
[
[
sepE5reIFEn
sepE5reIFEn
sepE5reIFEn
sepE5reIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
分离

The separation
o
f
m
yths from rites

6
6
6
6 seldom
seldom
seldom
seldom [
[
[
[
5seldEm
5seldEm
5seldEm
5seldEm
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
少

They seldom live
i
n
a
ny one place for very long

6
6
6
6 securing
securing
securing
securing
（
secure[
secure[
secure[
secure[
sI5kjJE
sI5kjJE
sI5kjJE
sI5kjJE
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

安全掩护
adj
adj
adj
adj
安全

In addition to securing an exhibition space
i
n
t
he Library Society building
i
n
l
ower
Manhattan the society founded
a
s
mall school for the instruction
o
f
w
atercolor painting
Periodic exhibitions
o
f
t
he members＇ paintings also included works by noted English
artists
o
f
t
he day borrowed from embryonic private collections
i
n
t
he city

6
6
6
6 scratches
scratches
scratches
scratches
（
scratch[
scratch[
scratch[
scratch[
skrAtF
skrAtF
skrAtF
skrAtF
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
抓痕

Scratches made with
a
l
efttonght stroke direction (by righthanders) are more
common than scratches
i
n
t
he opposite direction (made by lefthanders)

6
6
6
6 scores
scores
scores
scores
（
score[
score[
score[
score[
skC skCE
skC skCE
skC skCE
skC skCE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
分成绩二十
v

v
v
v

分

They divided the work Hazen methodically screened and cultured scores
o
f
s
oil
samples which she then sent to her partner who prepared extracts isolated and purified
active agents and shipped them back to New York where Hazen could study their
biological properties

6
6
6
6 scattered
scattered
scattered
scattered
（
scatter[
scatter[
scatter[
scatter[
5skAtE
5skAtE
5skAtE
5skAtE
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

消散

Neither the harshness
o
f
e
xistence
o
n
t
he new continent nor the scattered population
nor the disapproval
o
f
t
he clergy discouraged the majority from the pursuit
o
f
pl
easure

6
6
6
6 s
atiric
satiric
satiric
satiric adj
adj
adj
adj
讽刺

It was the manner
o
f
e
xpression the satiric method that made them interesting and
entertaining

6
6
6
6 sandy
sandy
sandy
sandy [
[
[
[
5sAndI
5sAndI
5sAndI
5sAndI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
含沙

Over long periods
o
f
t
ime (millions
o
f
y
ears) accumulations
o
f
ga
s and
o
il
c
an collect
i
n
t
he sandy layers

6
6
6
6 resolution
resolution
resolution
resolution [
[
[
[
7rezE5ljuFEn
7rezE5ljuFEn
7rezE5ljuFEn
7rezE5ljuFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
决心
3
3
3
3 resolve
resolve
resolve
resolve [
[
[
[
rI5zDlv
rI5zDlv
rI5zDlv
rI5zDlv
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
解
决

During the 1940＇s electron microscopes routinely achieved resolution better than that
possible with
a
v
isiblelight microscope while the performance
o
f
x
ray microscopes
resisted improvement

6
6
6
6 repeated
repeated
repeated
repeated
（
repeat[
repeat[
repeat[
repeat[
rI5pit
rI5pit
rI5pit
rI5pit
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
重
复

Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then retained and
repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals

6
6
6
6 refused
refused
refused
refused
（
refuse[
refuse[
refuse[
refuse[
rI5fjuz
rI5fjuz
rI5fjuz
rI5fjuz
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
拒
绝

Cattle raised
i
n
t
he western United States refused to eat it

6
6
6
6 ranchers
ranchers
ranchers
ranchers
（
rancher[
rancher[
rancher[
rancher[
5rAntFE
5rAntFE
5rAntFE
5rAntFE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
牧场工
5
5
5
5 ranching
ranching
ranching
ranching
（
ranch[
ranch[
ranch[
ranch[
rAntF rBntF
rAntF rBntF
rAntF rBntF
rAntF rBntF
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

营牧场

The land under wind turbines can be used for grazing cattle and other purposes and
leasing land for wind turbines can provide extra income for farmers and ranchers

6
6
6
6 railway
railway
railway
railway [
[
[
[
5reIlweI
5reIlweI
5reIlweI
5reIlweI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
铁路老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
98
98
98
98

H
ence the characteristic new architectural forms
o
f
t
he late nineteenth and twentieth
centuries have been the factory the multistory office building the warehouse the
department store the apartment house the railway station the large theater and the
gigantic sports stadium

6
6
6
6 quilts
quilts
quilts
quilts
（
quilt[
quilt[
quilt[
quilt[
kwIlt
kwIlt
kwIlt
kwIlt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
棉
v

v
v
v
制
成棉

This type
o
f
he
avy warm quilted bedcover was so large that
i
t
hung t
o the floor

6
6
6
6 pump
pump
pump
pump [
[
[
[
pQmp
pQmp
pQmp
pQmp
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
泵
v

v
v
v
泵
水

Botanists have proven that living cells act as pumps

6
6
6
6 protein
protein
protein
protein [
[
[
[
5prEJtin
5prEJtin
5prEJtin
5prEJtin
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
蛋白质

The protein content
o
f
s
hade grown vegetation for example was much lower than
that for plants grown
i
n
c
learings

6
6
6
6 proponents
proponents
proponents
proponents
（
proponent[
proponent[
proponent[
proponent[
prE5pEJnEnt
prE5pEJnEnt
prE5pEJnEnt
prE5pEJnEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
支持者

Proponents believed that
i
f
s
imple design highquality materials and honest
construction were realized
i
n
t
he home and its appointments then the occupants would
enjoy moral and therapeutic effects

6
6
6
6 pronounced
pronounced
pronounced
pronounced
（
pronounce[
pronounce[
pronounce[
pronounce[
prE5naJns
prE5naJns
prE5naJns
prE5naJns
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
发
音

Relationships tend to be impersonal and
a
pr
onounced division
o
f
l
abor exists leadin
g
t
o the establishment
o
f
m
any specialized professions

6
6
6
6 promise
promise
promise
promise [
[
[
[
5prDmIs
5prDmIs
5prDmIs
5prDmIs
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
保
证

Steam also promised to eliminate
a
t
ransportation problem not fully solved by either
canal boats
o
f
t
urnpikes
．

6
6
6
6 p
rolific
prolific
prolific
prolific [
[
[
[
prE5lIfIk
prE5lIfIk
prE5lIfIk
prE5lIfIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
产

As early as 1782 the prolific Delaware inventor Oliver Evans had buiit
a
hi
ghly
automated laborsaving flour mill driven by water power

6
6
6
6 profound
profound
profound
profound [
[
[
[
prE5faJnd
prE5faJnd
prE5faJnd
prE5faJnd
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
极深

The adoption
o
f
l
aborsaving machinery had
a
pr
ofound effect upon the sale
o
f
a
gricultural operations
i
n
t
he northern statesallowing farmers to increase vastly their
crop acreage

6
6
6
6 prime
prime
prime
prime [
[
[
[
praIm
praIm
praIm
praIm
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
初
3
3
3
3 primal
primal
primal
primal [
[
[
[
5praImEl
5praImEl
5praImEl
5praImEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
原始

In the railroads＇ prime years between 1890 and 1920 there were
a
f
ew individuals
i
n
t
he United States most
o
f
t
hem with solid railroading experience behind them who
made
a
pr
ofession
o
f
w
riting about railroading works offering the ambience
o
f
s
tations
yards and locomotive cabs

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
6
6
6
6 presentation
presentation
presentation
presentation [
[
[
[
7prezen5teIFEn
7prezen5teIFEn
7prezen5teIFEn
7prezen5teIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
介绍演讲

How
a
s
peaker perceives the listener＇s receptiveness interest or sympathy
i
n
a
ny
given conversation can drastically alter the tone
o
f
pr
esentation by encouraging or
discouraging the speaker

6
6
6
6 precipitation
precipitation
precipitation
precipitation [
[
[
[
prI7sIpI5teIFEn
prI7sIpI5teIFEn
prI7sIpI5teIFEn
prI7sIpI5teIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
猛然落

Where annual precipitation exceeds 20 inches (50 centimeters)soils
i
n
hum
id areas
tend to be acidic
i
n
c
hemical content

6
6
6
6 precious
precious
precious
precious [
[
[
[
5preFEs
5preFEs
5preFEs
5preFEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
宝贵

That ancient emergence is precisely what makes Lake Wales Ridge so precious
i
t
ha
s
remained unsubmerged its ecosystems essentially undisturbed since the Miocene era

6
6
6
6 p
rairie
prairie
prairie
prairie [
[
[
[
5preErI
5preErI
5preErI
5preErI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
牧场

This rate
o
f
i
ncrease had been exceeded only once before
i
n
C
anada＇s history
i
n
t
he
decade before 1911 when the prairies were being settled

6
6
6
6 pond
pond
pond
pond [
[
[
[
pDnd
pDnd
pDnd
pDnd
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
池塘老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
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英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
98
98
98
98

H
ence the characteristic new architectural forms
o
f
t
he late nineteenth and twentieth
centuries have been the factory the multistory office building the warehouse the
department store the apartment house the railway station the large theater and the
gigantic sports stadium

6
6
6
6 quilts
quilts
quilts
quilts
（
quilt[
quilt[
quilt[
quilt[
kwIlt
kwIlt
kwIlt
kwIlt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
棉
v

v
v
v
制
成棉

This type
o
f
he
avy warm quilted bedcover was so large that
i
t
hung t
o the floor

6
6
6
6 pump
pump
pump
pump [
[
[
[
pQmp
pQmp
pQmp
pQmp
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
泵
v

v
v
v
泵
水

Botanists have proven that living cells act as pumps

6
6
6
6 protein
protein
protein
protein [
[
[
[
5prEJtin
5prEJtin
5prEJtin
5prEJtin
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
蛋白质

The protein content
o
f
s
hade grown vegetation for example was much lower than
that for plants grown
i
n
c
learings

6
6
6
6 proponents
proponents
proponents
proponents
（
proponent[
proponent[
proponent[
proponent[
prE5pEJnEnt
prE5pEJnEnt
prE5pEJnEnt
prE5pEJnEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
支持者

Proponents believed that
i
f
s
imple design highquality materials and honest
construction were realized
i
n
t
he home and its appointments then the occupants would
enjoy moral and therapeutic effects

6
6
6
6 pronounced
pronounced
pronounced
pronounced
（
pronounce[
pronounce[
pronounce[
pronounce[
prE5naJns
prE5naJns
prE5naJns
prE5naJns
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
发
音

Relationships tend to be impersonal and
a
pr
onounced division
o
f
l
abor exists leadin
g
t
o the establishment
o
f
m
any specialized professions

6
6
6
6 promise
promise
promise
promise [
[
[
[
5prDmIs
5prDmIs
5prDmIs
5prDmIs
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
保
证

Steam also promised to eliminate
a
t
ransportation problem not fully solved by either
canal boats
o
f
t
urnpikes
．

6
6
6
6 p
rolific
prolific
prolific
prolific [
[
[
[
prE5lIfIk
prE5lIfIk
prE5lIfIk
prE5lIfIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
产

As early as 1782 the prolific Delaware inventor Oliver Evans had buiit
a
hi
ghly
automated laborsaving flour mill driven by water power

6
6
6
6 profound
profound
profound
profound [
[
[
[
prE5faJnd
prE5faJnd
prE5faJnd
prE5faJnd
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
极深

The adoption
o
f
l
aborsaving machinery had
a
pr
ofound effect upon the sale
o
f
a
gricultural operations
i
n
t
he northern statesallowing farmers to increase vastly their
crop acreage

6
6
6
6 prime
prime
prime
prime [
[
[
[
praIm
praIm
praIm
praIm
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
初
3
3
3
3 primal
primal
primal
primal [
[
[
[
5praImEl
5praImEl
5praImEl
5praImEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
原始

In the railroads＇ prime years between 1890 and 1920 there were
a
f
ew individuals
i
n
t
he United States most
o
f
t
hem with solid railroading experience behind them who
made
a
pr
ofession
o
f
w
riting about railroading works offering the ambience
o
f
s
tations
yards and locomotive cabs

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
6
6
6
6 presentation
presentation
presentation
presentation [
[
[
[
7prezen5teIFEn
7prezen5teIFEn
7prezen5teIFEn
7prezen5teIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
介绍演讲

How
a
s
peaker perceives the listener＇s receptiveness interest or sympathy
i
n
a
ny
given conversation can drastically alter the tone
o
f
pr
esentation by encouraging or
discouraging the speaker

6
6
6
6 precipitation
precipitation
precipitation
precipitation [
[
[
[
prI7sIpI5teIFEn
prI7sIpI5teIFEn
prI7sIpI5teIFEn
prI7sIpI5teIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
猛然落

Where annual precipitation exceeds 20 inches (50 centimeters)soils
i
n
hum
id areas
tend to be acidic
i
n
c
hemical content

6
6
6
6 precious
precious
precious
precious [
[
[
[
5preFEs
5preFEs
5preFEs
5preFEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
宝贵

That ancient emergence is precisely what makes Lake Wales Ridge so precious
i
t
ha
s
remained unsubmerged its ecosystems essentially undisturbed since the Miocene era

6
6
6
6 p
rairie
prairie
prairie
prairie [
[
[
[
5preErI
5preErI
5preErI
5preErI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
牧场

This rate
o
f
i
ncrease had been exceeded only once before
i
n
C
anada＇s history
i
n
t
he
decade before 1911 when the prairies were being settled

6
6
6
6 pond
pond
pond
pond [
[
[
[
pDnd
pDnd
pDnd
pDnd
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
池塘老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
99
99
99
99

T
his scenario begins with the planting
o
f
hy
peraccumulating species
i
n
t
he target area
such as
a
n
a
bandoned mine or
a
n
i
rrigation pond contaminated by runoff

6
6
6
6 pile
pile
pile
pile [
[
[
[
paIl
paIl
paIl
paIl
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
堆
积

This is said to have worked well when
i
t
w
as placed
i
n
t
he fireplace surrounded by
glowing wood embers with more embers piled
o
n
i
ts lid

6
6
6
6 phonograph
phonograph
phonograph
phonograph [
[
[
[
5fEJnE^rBf
5fEJnE^rBf
5fEJnE^rBf
5fEJnE^rBf
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
留声机

These Kinetoscope arcades were modeled
o
n
phonogr
aph parlors which had proven
successful for Edison several years earlier

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
6
6
6
6 penicillin
penicillin
penicillin
penicillin [
[
[
[
7penI5sIlIn7pE5nI
7penI5sIlIn7pE5nI
7penI5sIlIn7pE5nI
7penI5sIlIn7pE5nI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
盘尼西林

Scientists had been feverishly searching for
a
n
a
ntibiotic toxic enough to kill the fung
i
but s
afe enough for human use since unfortunately the new wonder drugs such as
penicillin and streptomycin killed the very bacteria
i
n
t
he body that controlled the
fungi

6
6
6
6 penetrate
penetrate
penetrate
penetrate [
[
[
[
5penItreIt
5penItreIt
5penItreIt
5penItreIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
穿
透

T
o
gi
ve
a
n
e
xample
o
f
how r
ainwater penetrates soil

6
6
6
6 pack
pack
pack
pack [
[
[
[
pAk
pAk
pAk
pAk
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
包

I
f
t
oo much volcanic heat is discharged the crater＇s ice pack will melt away entirely
and the caves will vanish along with the snows
o
f
y
esteryear

6
6
6
6 oxides
oxides
oxides
oxides
（
oxide[
oxide[
oxide[
oxide[
5DksaId
5DksaId
5DksaId
5DksaId
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
氧化物

Feldspar which is the most abundant mineral
o
n
t
he Earth＇s surface is basically made
up
o
f
t
he oxides silica and alumina combined with alkalies like potassium and some so
called impurities such as iron

6
6
6
6 overall
overall
overall
overall [
[
[
[
5EJvErCl
5EJvErCl
5EJvErCl
5EJvErCl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
总

Cities also provided ready and convenient markets for the products
o
f
i
ndustry and
huge contracts
i
n
t
ransportation and constructionas well as the expanded market
i
n
c
onsumer goodsallowed continued growth
o
f
t
he urban sector
o
f
t
he overall economy
o
f
t
he Untied States

6
6
6
6 ornament
ornament
ornament
ornament [
[
[
[
5CnEmEnt
5CnEmEnt
5CnEmEnt
5CnEmEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
装饰
3
3
3
3 ornamental
ornamental
ornamental
ornamental [
[
[
[
7CnE5mentl
7CnE5mentl
7CnE5mentl
7CnE5mentl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
装饰性

Beads were probably the first durable ornaments humans possessed and the intimate
relationship they had with their owners is reflected
i
n
t
he fact that beads are among the
most common items found
i
n
a
ncient archaeological sites

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
6
6
6
6 odd
odd
odd
odd [
[
[
[
Dd
Dd
Dd
Dd
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
奇数古怪

All
o
f
t
he twentyodd fragments collectively called comet Shoemaker Levy 9 after
its discoverers were once part
o
f
t
he same object now dismembered and strung out
along the same orbit

6
6
6
6 obstacle
obstacle
obstacle
obstacle [
[
[
[
5DbstEkl
5DbstEkl
5DbstEkl
5DbstEkl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
障碍

Once the right insect has been attracted some orchids present
a
ll
s
orts
o
f
one
way
obstacle courses to make sure
i
t
doe
s not leave until pollen has been accurately placed
or removed

6
6
6
6 observe
observe
observe
observe [
[
[
[
Eb5z＼v
Eb5z＼v
Eb5z＼v
Eb5z＼v
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
观
察遵守
4
4
4
4 observers
observers
observers
observers
（
observer[
observer[
observer[
observer[
Eb5z＼vE
Eb5z＼vE
Eb5z＼vE
Eb5z＼vE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
观察者

Either the eye must be speeded up or the cat＇s fall slowed down for the phenomenon
to be observed

6
6
6
6 neutral
neutral
neutral
neutral [
[
[
[
5njutrEl
5njutrEl
5njutrEl
5njutrEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
中立

The other tail is made
o
f
ne
utral dust particles which get gently pushed back by the
pressure
o
f
t
he sunlight itself

6
6
6
6 mystery
mystery
mystery
mystery [
[
[
[
5mIstErI
5mIstErI
5mIstErI
5mIstErI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
神秘事物
6
6
6
6 mysterious
mysterious
mysterious
mysterious [
[
[
[
mIs5tIErIEs
mIs5tIErIEs
mIs5tIErIEs
mIs5tIErIEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
神秘老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
99
99
99
99

T
his scenario begins with the planting
o
f
hy
peraccumulating species
i
n
t
he target area
such as
a
n
a
bandoned mine or
a
n
i
rrigation pond contaminated by runoff

6
6
6
6 pile
pile
pile
pile [
[
[
[
paIl
paIl
paIl
paIl
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
堆
积

This is said to have worked well when
i
t
w
as placed
i
n
t
he fireplace surrounded by
glowing wood embers with more embers piled
o
n
i
ts lid

6
6
6
6 phonograph
phonograph
phonograph
phonograph [
[
[
[
5fEJnE^rBf
5fEJnE^rBf
5fEJnE^rBf
5fEJnE^rBf
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
留声机

These Kinetoscope arcades were modeled
o
n
phonogr
aph parlors which had proven
successful for Edison several years earlier

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
6
6
6
6 penicillin
penicillin
penicillin
penicillin [
[
[
[
7penI5sIlIn7pE5nI
7penI5sIlIn7pE5nI
7penI5sIlIn7pE5nI
7penI5sIlIn7pE5nI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
盘尼西林

Scientists had been feverishly searching for
a
n
a
ntibiotic toxic enough to kill the fung
i
but s
afe enough for human use since unfortunately the new wonder drugs such as
penicillin and streptomycin killed the very bacteria
i
n
t
he body that controlled the
fungi

6
6
6
6 penetrate
penetrate
penetrate
penetrate [
[
[
[
5penItreIt
5penItreIt
5penItreIt
5penItreIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
穿
透

T
o
gi
ve
a
n
e
xample
o
f
how r
ainwater penetrates soil

6
6
6
6 pack
pack
pack
pack [
[
[
[
pAk
pAk
pAk
pAk
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
包

I
f
t
oo much volcanic heat is discharged the crater＇s ice pack will melt away entirely
and the caves will vanish along with the snows
o
f
y
esteryear

6
6
6
6 oxides
oxides
oxides
oxides
（
oxide[
oxide[
oxide[
oxide[
5DksaId
5DksaId
5DksaId
5DksaId
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
氧化物

Feldspar which is the most abundant mineral
o
n
t
he Earth＇s surface is basically made
up
o
f
t
he oxides silica and alumina combined with alkalies like potassium and some so
called impurities such as iron

6
6
6
6 overall
overall
overall
overall [
[
[
[
5EJvErCl
5EJvErCl
5EJvErCl
5EJvErCl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
总

Cities also provided ready and convenient markets for the products
o
f
i
ndustry and
huge contracts
i
n
t
ransportation and constructionas well as the expanded market
i
n
c
onsumer goodsallowed continued growth
o
f
t
he urban sector
o
f
t
he overall economy
o
f
t
he Untied States

6
6
6
6 ornament
ornament
ornament
ornament [
[
[
[
5CnEmEnt
5CnEmEnt
5CnEmEnt
5CnEmEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
装饰
3
3
3
3 ornamental
ornamental
ornamental
ornamental [
[
[
[
7CnE5mentl
7CnE5mentl
7CnE5mentl
7CnE5mentl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
装饰性

Beads were probably the first durable ornaments humans possessed and the intimate
relationship they had with their owners is reflected
i
n
t
he fact that beads are among the
most common items found
i
n
a
ncient archaeological sites

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
6
6
6
6 odd
odd
odd
odd [
[
[
[
Dd
Dd
Dd
Dd
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
奇数古怪

All
o
f
t
he twentyodd fragments collectively called comet Shoemaker Levy 9 after
its discoverers were once part
o
f
t
he same object now dismembered and strung out
along the same orbit

6
6
6
6 obstacle
obstacle
obstacle
obstacle [
[
[
[
5DbstEkl
5DbstEkl
5DbstEkl
5DbstEkl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
障碍

Once the right insect has been attracted some orchids present
a
ll
s
orts
o
f
one
way
obstacle courses to make sure
i
t
doe
s not leave until pollen has been accurately placed
or removed

6
6
6
6 observe
observe
observe
observe [
[
[
[
Eb5z＼v
Eb5z＼v
Eb5z＼v
Eb5z＼v
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
观
察遵守
4
4
4
4 observers
observers
observers
observers
（
observer[
observer[
observer[
observer[
Eb5z＼vE
Eb5z＼vE
Eb5z＼vE
Eb5z＼vE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
观察者

Either the eye must be speeded up or the cat＇s fall slowed down for the phenomenon
to be observed

6
6
6
6 neutral
neutral
neutral
neutral [
[
[
[
5njutrEl
5njutrEl
5njutrEl
5njutrEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
中立

The other tail is made
o
f
ne
utral dust particles which get gently pushed back by the
pressure
o
f
t
he sunlight itself

6
6
6
6 mystery
mystery
mystery
mystery [
[
[
[
5mIstErI
5mIstErI
5mIstErI
5mIstErI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
神秘事物
6
6
6
6 mysterious
mysterious
mysterious
mysterious [
[
[
[
mIs5tIErIEs
mIs5tIErIEs
mIs5tIErIEs
mIs5tIErIEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
神秘老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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师
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
100
100
100
100

T
he languages spoken by early Europeans are still shrouded
i
n
m
ystery

6
6
6
6 military
military
military
military [
[
[
[
5mIlItErI
5mIlItErI
5mIlItErI
5mIlItErI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
军队
adj
adj
adj
adj
军事

Civil government also had to be put back
o
n
a
pe
acetime basis and interference from
the military had to be stopped

6
6
6
6 metropolitan
metropolitan
metropolitan
metropolitan [
[
[
[
metDE5pDlIt(E)n
metDE5pDlIt(E)n
metDE5pDlIt(E)n
metDE5pDlIt(E)n
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
市

Over the same period another 550000 were plotted outside the city limits but within
the metropolitan area

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
6
6
6
6 meteoric
meteoric
meteoric
meteoric [
[
[
[
7mitI5DrIk
7mitI5DrIk
7mitI5DrIk
7mitI5DrIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
流星

By far the most abundant type
o
f
gr
oundwater is meteoric water this is the
groundwater that circulates as part
o
f
t
he water cycle

6
6
6
6 marble
marble
marble
marble [
[
[
[
5mBbl
5mBbl
5mBbl
5mBbl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
理石

On the rare occasion when
a
f
ine piece
o
f
s
culpture was desired Americans turned to
foreign sculptors as
i
n
t
he 1770＇s when the cities
o
f
N
ew
Y
ork
a
nd Charleston South
Carolina commissioned the Englishman Joseph Wilton to make marble statues
o
f
W
illi
a
m Pitt

6
6
6
6 liters
liters
liters
liters
（
liter[
liter[
liter[
liter[
5litE
5litE
5litE
5litE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
公升

Desert animals can drink prodigious volumes
i
n
a
s
hort time and camels have been
known to imbibe over 100 liters
i
n
a
f
ew minutes

6
6
6
6 linen
linen
linen
linen [
[
[
[
5lInIn
5lInIn
5lInIn
5lInIn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
亚麻布
adj
adj
adj
adj
亚麻

Despite the name linseywoolsey bedcovers did not often contain linen

6
6
6
6 leisure
leisure
leisure
leisure [
[
[
[
5leVE 5liVE
5leVE 5liVE
5leVE 5liVE
5leVE 5liVE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
空闲

Leisure Is time for doing something useful
i
n
t
he countryside farmers therefore
relieved the burden
o
f
t
he daily routine with such relaxation as hunting fishing and
trapping

6
6
6
6 laser
laser
laser
laser [
[
[
[
5leIzE
5leIzE
5leIzE
5leIzE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
激光

Three decades later people still argue about who deserves the credit for the concept o
f
t
he laser

6
6
6
6 kettle
kettle
kettle
kettle [
[
[
[
5ketl
5ketl
5ketl
5ketl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
茶壶

Also used was
a
n
i
ron bake kettle which looked like
a
s
tewpot
o
n
l
egs and which
had
a
n
i
ron lid

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
6
6
6
6 intervals
intervals
intervals
intervals
（
interval[
interval[
interval[
interval[
5IntEvEl
5IntEvEl
5IntEvEl
5IntEvEl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
间隔

Some terrestrial distances can be expressed as intervals
o
f
t
ime the time to fly from
one continent to another or the time
i
t
t
akes to drive to work for example

6
6
6
6 instinctive
instinctive
instinctive
instinctive [
[
[
[
In5stINktIv
In5stINktIv
In5stINktIv
In5stINktIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj

5
5
5
5 instinct
instinct
instinct
instinct [
[
[
[
5InstINkt
5InstINkt
5InstINkt
5InstINkt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n


Cats know this instinctively but scientists could not be sure how
i
t
ha
ppened until they
increased the speed
o
f
t
heir perceptions
a
t
housandfold

6
6
6
6 incubate
incubate
incubate
incubate [
[
[
[
5InkjJbeIt
5InkjJbeIt
5InkjJbeIt
5InkjJbeIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
孵
卵
3
3
3
3 incubators
incubators
incubators
incubators
（
incubator[
incubator[
incubator[
incubator[
5InkjJbeItE
5InkjJbeItE
5InkjJbeItE
5InkjJbeItE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
孵卵器

Once there the bird pretends to incubate
a
br
ood

6
6
6
6 incised
incised
incised
incised
（
incise[
incise[
incise[
incise[
In5saIz
In5saIz
In5saIz
In5saIz
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
切
割

The image is incised into
a
hi
ghly polished metal plate usually copper with
a
c
utting
instrument or burin

6
6
6
6 imposed
imposed
imposed
imposed
（
impose[
impose[
impose[
impose[
Im5pEJz
Im5pEJz
Im5pEJz
Im5pEJz
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v





强
加

Y
et
t
he engineering tasks were imposing

6
6
6
6 implements
implements
implements
implements
（
implement[
implement[
implement[
implement[
5ImplImEnt
5ImplImEnt
5ImplImEnt
5ImplImEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
工具
v

v
v
v
实
现

One important line
o
f
e
vidence comes from flaking patterns
o
f
s
tone cores used
i
n老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
100
100
100
100

T
he languages spoken by early Europeans are still shrouded
i
n
m
ystery

6
6
6
6 military
military
military
military [
[
[
[
5mIlItErI
5mIlItErI
5mIlItErI
5mIlItErI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
军队
adj
adj
adj
adj
军事

Civil government also had to be put back
o
n
a
pe
acetime basis and interference from
the military had to be stopped

6
6
6
6 metropolitan
metropolitan
metropolitan
metropolitan [
[
[
[
metDE5pDlIt(E)n
metDE5pDlIt(E)n
metDE5pDlIt(E)n
metDE5pDlIt(E)n
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
市

Over the same period another 550000 were plotted outside the city limits but within
the metropolitan area

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
6
6
6
6 meteoric
meteoric
meteoric
meteoric [
[
[
[
7mitI5DrIk
7mitI5DrIk
7mitI5DrIk
7mitI5DrIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
流星

By far the most abundant type
o
f
gr
oundwater is meteoric water this is the
groundwater that circulates as part
o
f
t
he water cycle

6
6
6
6 marble
marble
marble
marble [
[
[
[
5mBbl
5mBbl
5mBbl
5mBbl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
理石

On the rare occasion when
a
f
ine piece
o
f
s
culpture was desired Americans turned to
foreign sculptors as
i
n
t
he 1770＇s when the cities
o
f
N
ew
Y
ork
a
nd Charleston South
Carolina commissioned the Englishman Joseph Wilton to make marble statues
o
f
W
illi
a
m Pitt

6
6
6
6 liters
liters
liters
liters
（
liter[
liter[
liter[
liter[
5litE
5litE
5litE
5litE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
公升

Desert animals can drink prodigious volumes
i
n
a
s
hort time and camels have been
known to imbibe over 100 liters
i
n
a
f
ew minutes

6
6
6
6 linen
linen
linen
linen [
[
[
[
5lInIn
5lInIn
5lInIn
5lInIn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
亚麻布
adj
adj
adj
adj
亚麻

Despite the name linseywoolsey bedcovers did not often contain linen

6
6
6
6 leisure
leisure
leisure
leisure [
[
[
[
5leVE 5liVE
5leVE 5liVE
5leVE 5liVE
5leVE 5liVE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
空闲

Leisure Is time for doing something useful
i
n
t
he countryside farmers therefore
relieved the burden
o
f
t
he daily routine with such relaxation as hunting fishing and
trapping

6
6
6
6 laser
laser
laser
laser [
[
[
[
5leIzE
5leIzE
5leIzE
5leIzE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
激光

Three decades later people still argue about who deserves the credit for the concept o
f
t
he laser

6
6
6
6 kettle
kettle
kettle
kettle [
[
[
[
5ketl
5ketl
5ketl
5ketl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
茶壶

Also used was
a
n
i
ron bake kettle which looked like
a
s
tewpot
o
n
l
egs and which
had
a
n
i
ron lid

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
6
6
6
6 intervals
intervals
intervals
intervals
（
interval[
interval[
interval[
interval[
5IntEvEl
5IntEvEl
5IntEvEl
5IntEvEl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
间隔

Some terrestrial distances can be expressed as intervals
o
f
t
ime the time to fly from
one continent to another or the time
i
t
t
akes to drive to work for example

6
6
6
6 instinctive
instinctive
instinctive
instinctive [
[
[
[
In5stINktIv
In5stINktIv
In5stINktIv
In5stINktIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj

5
5
5
5 instinct
instinct
instinct
instinct [
[
[
[
5InstINkt
5InstINkt
5InstINkt
5InstINkt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n


Cats know this instinctively but scientists could not be sure how
i
t
ha
ppened until they
increased the speed
o
f
t
heir perceptions
a
t
housandfold

6
6
6
6 incubate
incubate
incubate
incubate [
[
[
[
5InkjJbeIt
5InkjJbeIt
5InkjJbeIt
5InkjJbeIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
孵
卵
3
3
3
3 incubators
incubators
incubators
incubators
（
incubator[
incubator[
incubator[
incubator[
5InkjJbeItE
5InkjJbeItE
5InkjJbeItE
5InkjJbeItE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
孵卵器

Once there the bird pretends to incubate
a
br
ood

6
6
6
6 incised
incised
incised
incised
（
incise[
incise[
incise[
incise[
In5saIz
In5saIz
In5saIz
In5saIz
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
切
割

The image is incised into
a
hi
ghly polished metal plate usually copper with
a
c
utting
instrument or burin

6
6
6
6 imposed
imposed
imposed
imposed
（
impose[
impose[
impose[
impose[
Im5pEJz
Im5pEJz
Im5pEJz
Im5pEJz
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v





强
加

Y
et
t
he engineering tasks were imposing

6
6
6
6 implements
implements
implements
implements
（
implement[
implement[
implement[
implement[
5ImplImEnt
5ImplImEnt
5ImplImEnt
5ImplImEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
工具
v

v
v
v
实
现

One important line
o
f
e
vidence comes from flaking patterns
o
f
s
tone cores used
i
n老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
101
101
101
101
t
oolmaking implements flaked with
a
c
lockwise motion (indicating
a
r
ighthanded
toolmaker) can be distinguished from those flaked with
a
c
ounterclockwise rotation
(indicating
a
l
efthanded toolmaker)

6
6
6
6 ignored
ignored
ignored
ignored
（
ignore[
ignore[
ignore[
ignore[
I^5nC
I^5nC
I^5nC
I^5nC
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
忽
视顾

Babies ignore facial expressions
i
n
c
omprehending aural language

6
6
6
6 humorous
humorous
humorous
humorous [
[
[
[
5hjumErEs
5hjumErEs
5hjumErEs
5hjumErEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
富幽默感

Samuel Clemens who adopted the pen name Mark Twain became the country＇s most
outstanding realist author observing life around him with
a
hum
orous and skeptical
eye

老师
Blog
：
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留学英语前线
6
6
6
6 homestead
homestead
homestead
homestead [
[
[
[
5hEJmsted
5hEJmsted
5hEJmsted
5hEJmsted
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
家园
3
3
3
3 homesteaders
homesteaders
homesteaders
homesteaders
（
homesteader
homesteader
homesteader
homesteader
[
[
[
[
5hEJmstedE
5hEJmstedE
5hEJmstedE
5hEJmstedE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
农场权

It permitted access to public western lands
o
n
i
ncreasingly easy terms culminating
i
n
t
he Homestead Act
o
f
1862 by w
hich title to land could be claimed
o
n
t
he basis
o
f
r
esidence alone

6
6
6
6 granted
granted
granted
granted
（
grant[
grant[
grant[
grant[
^rBnt
^rBnt
^rBnt
^rBnt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
允
许授予

It is often taken for granted that this is also true for the maker
o
f
f
ineart objects

6
6
6
6 fund
fund
fund
fund [
[
[
[
fQnd
fQnd
fQnd
fQnd
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
资金
v

v
v
v
拨
款

By 1988 the fund had grown enough so that two winners novelists Diane Johnson
and Robert Stone each got 50000
a
y
ear for five years

6
6
6
6 frighten
frighten
frighten
frighten [
[
[
[
5fraItn
5fraItn
5fraItn
5fraItn
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v

害怕

Second television interviews tend to attract outgoing people who are willing to appear
o
n
t
he air while they frighten away others who may feel intimidated by
a
c
amera

6
6
6
6 foster
foster
foster
foster [
[
[
[
5fDstE
5fDstE
5fDstE
5fDstE
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
养
育

They came to the shortlived colony known as New Sweden founded
i
n
1638 L
oose
organization and local autonomy fostered
a
c
ultural fusion between native and settler
cultures that proved one
o
f
t
he most notable—and least understood—developments
o
f
e
arly NorthAmerican history

6
6
6
6 fold
fold
fold
fold [
[
[
[
fEJld
fEJld
fEJld
fEJld
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
折叠
v

v
v
v
折
叠

However some modern architectural designs such as those using folded plates
o
f
c
oncreter or airinflated structures are again unifying skeleton and skin

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
6
6
6
6 flour
flour
flour
flour [
[
[
[
5flaJE
5flaJE
5flaJE
5flaJE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
面粉

They did not allow flour to cool before
i
t
w
as placed
i
n
B
arrels

6
6
6
6 fins
fins
fins
fins
（
fin[
fin[
fin[
fin[
fIn
fIn
fIn
fIn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
鳍

The fins are stiff smooth and narrow qualities that also help cut drag

6
6
6
6 fingerboard
fingerboard
fingerboard
fingerboard n
n
n
n
键盘

It consists
i
n
e
ssence
o
f
a
hol
low varnished wooden sound box or resonator and
a
l
ong neck covered with
a
f
ingerboard along which four strings are stretched at high
tension

6
6
6
6 extensively
extensively
extensively
extensively
[
[
[
[
Iks5tensIvlI
Iks5tensIvlI
Iks5tensIvlI
Iks5tensIvlI
]
]
]
]
adv
adv
adv
adv
广泛

Butterflies are among the most extensively studied insects—
a
n
e
stimated 90 percent
o
f
t
he world＇s species have scientific names

6
6
6
6 exploit
exploit
exploit
exploit [
[
[
[
Iks5plCIt
Iks5plCIt
Iks5plCIt
Iks5plCIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
开
采

The source had long been known but not exploited

6
6
6
6 erect
erect
erect
erect [
[
[
[
I5rekt
I5rekt
I5rekt
I5rekt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v

竖立

Gradually as they became more skilled at gardening they settled into permanent
villages and developed
a
r
ich culture characterized by the great earthen mounds they
erected as monuments to their gods and as tombs for their distinguished dead
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
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英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
101
101
101
101
t
oolmaking implements flaked with
a
c
lockwise motion (indicating
a
r
ighthanded
toolmaker) can be distinguished from those flaked with
a
c
ounterclockwise rotation
(indicating
a
l
efthanded toolmaker)

6
6
6
6 ignored
ignored
ignored
ignored
（
ignore[
ignore[
ignore[
ignore[
I^5nC
I^5nC
I^5nC
I^5nC
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
忽
视顾

Babies ignore facial expressions
i
n
c
omprehending aural language

6
6
6
6 humorous
humorous
humorous
humorous [
[
[
[
5hjumErEs
5hjumErEs
5hjumErEs
5hjumErEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
富幽默感

Samuel Clemens who adopted the pen name Mark Twain became the country＇s most
outstanding realist author observing life around him with
a
hum
orous and skeptical
eye

老师
Blog
：
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留学英语前线
6
6
6
6 homestead
homestead
homestead
homestead [
[
[
[
5hEJmsted
5hEJmsted
5hEJmsted
5hEJmsted
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
家园
3
3
3
3 homesteaders
homesteaders
homesteaders
homesteaders
（
homesteader
homesteader
homesteader
homesteader
[
[
[
[
5hEJmstedE
5hEJmstedE
5hEJmstedE
5hEJmstedE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
农场权

It permitted access to public western lands
o
n
i
ncreasingly easy terms culminating
i
n
t
he Homestead Act
o
f
1862 by w
hich title to land could be claimed
o
n
t
he basis
o
f
r
esidence alone

6
6
6
6 granted
granted
granted
granted
（
grant[
grant[
grant[
grant[
^rBnt
^rBnt
^rBnt
^rBnt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
允
许授予

It is often taken for granted that this is also true for the maker
o
f
f
ineart objects

6
6
6
6 fund
fund
fund
fund [
[
[
[
fQnd
fQnd
fQnd
fQnd
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
资金
v

v
v
v
拨
款

By 1988 the fund had grown enough so that two winners novelists Diane Johnson
and Robert Stone each got 50000
a
y
ear for five years

6
6
6
6 frighten
frighten
frighten
frighten [
[
[
[
5fraItn
5fraItn
5fraItn
5fraItn
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v

害怕

Second television interviews tend to attract outgoing people who are willing to appear
o
n
t
he air while they frighten away others who may feel intimidated by
a
c
amera

6
6
6
6 foster
foster
foster
foster [
[
[
[
5fDstE
5fDstE
5fDstE
5fDstE
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
养
育

They came to the shortlived colony known as New Sweden founded
i
n
1638 L
oose
organization and local autonomy fostered
a
c
ultural fusion between native and settler
cultures that proved one
o
f
t
he most notable—and least understood—developments
o
f
e
arly NorthAmerican history

6
6
6
6 fold
fold
fold
fold [
[
[
[
fEJld
fEJld
fEJld
fEJld
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
折叠
v

v
v
v
折
叠

However some modern architectural designs such as those using folded plates
o
f
c
oncreter or airinflated structures are again unifying skeleton and skin

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
6
6
6
6 flour
flour
flour
flour [
[
[
[
5flaJE
5flaJE
5flaJE
5flaJE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
面粉

They did not allow flour to cool before
i
t
w
as placed
i
n
B
arrels

6
6
6
6 fins
fins
fins
fins
（
fin[
fin[
fin[
fin[
fIn
fIn
fIn
fIn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
鳍

The fins are stiff smooth and narrow qualities that also help cut drag

6
6
6
6 fingerboard
fingerboard
fingerboard
fingerboard n
n
n
n
键盘

It consists
i
n
e
ssence
o
f
a
hol
low varnished wooden sound box or resonator and
a
l
ong neck covered with
a
f
ingerboard along which four strings are stretched at high
tension

6
6
6
6 extensively
extensively
extensively
extensively
[
[
[
[
Iks5tensIvlI
Iks5tensIvlI
Iks5tensIvlI
Iks5tensIvlI
]
]
]
]
adv
adv
adv
adv
广泛

Butterflies are among the most extensively studied insects—
a
n
e
stimated 90 percent
o
f
t
he world＇s species have scientific names

6
6
6
6 exploit
exploit
exploit
exploit [
[
[
[
Iks5plCIt
Iks5plCIt
Iks5plCIt
Iks5plCIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
开
采

The source had long been known but not exploited

6
6
6
6 erect
erect
erect
erect [
[
[
[
I5rekt
I5rekt
I5rekt
I5rekt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v

竖立

Gradually as they became more skilled at gardening they settled into permanent
villages and developed
a
r
ich culture characterized by the great earthen mounds they
erected as monuments to their gods and as tombs for their distinguished dead
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
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英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
102
102
102
102
6
6
6
6 e
quivalent
equivalent
equivalent
equivalent [
[
[
[
I5kwIvElEnt
I5kwIvElEnt
I5kwIvElEnt
I5kwIvElEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
等物

The popular is replacing the folk
i
n
i
ndustrialized countries and
i
n
m
any developing
nations Folkmade objects give way to their popular equivalent usually because the
popular item is more quickly or cheaply produced is easier or time saving to use or
lends more prestige to the owner

6
6
6
6 enterprise
enterprise
enterprise
enterprise [
[
[
[
5entEpraIz
5entEpraIz
5entEpraIz
5entEpraIz
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
企业

All such work was done by collective enterprise
i
n
t
he workshops

6
6
6
6 election
election
election
election [
[
[
[
I5lekF(E)n
I5lekF(E)n
I5lekF(E)n
I5lekF(E)n
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
选举
4
4
4
4 elected
elected
elected
elected
（
elect[
elect[
elect[
elect[
I5lekt
I5lekt
I5lekt
I5lekt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
选
举

In larger groups leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment

6
6
6
6 d
isplace
displace
displace
displace [
[
[
[
dIs5pleIs
dIs5pleIs
dIs5pleIs
dIs5pleIs
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
取
代

Opportunists must constantly invade new areas to compensate for being displaced by
more competitive species

6
6
6
6 directed
directed
directed
directed
（
direct[
direct[
direct[
direct[
dI5rekt daI5rekt
dI5rekt daI5rekt
dI5rekt daI5rekt
dI5rekt daI5rekt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
指
挥
4
4
4
4 directional
directional
directional
directional adj
adj
adj
adj
方

The war chief led the men
i
n
f
ighting during occasional conflicts that broke out with
neighboring villages and directed the men
i
n
c
ommunity building projects

6
6
6
6 devote
devote
devote
devote [
[
[
[
dI5vEJt
dI5vEJt
dI5vEJt
dI5vEJt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
献
身

Harold Strauss
a
de
voted editor at Alfred A Knopf the New
Y
ork
publ
ishing house
and Mildred Strauss his wife were wealthy and childless

6
6
6
6 determination
determination
determination
determination [
[
[
[
dI t＼mI5neIFEn
dI t＼mI5neIFEn
dI t＼mI5neIFEn
dI t＼mI5neIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
决心

It is now believed that the process
o
f
c
olonization required
a
gr
eat deal
o
f
s
kill
determination and planning and could not have happened by chance

6
6
6
6 denser
denser
denser
denser
（
dense[
dense[
dense[
dense[
dens
dens
dens
dens
]
]
]
]
）
adj
adj
adj
adj
密集

Bloodhounds apparently have denser concentrations
o
f
r
eceptor sites tuned to human
scents

6
6
6
6 deliberate
deliberate
deliberate
deliberate [
[
[
[
dI5lIbEreIt
dI5lIbEreIt
dI5lIbEreIt
dI5lIbEreIt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
深思熟虑

On this perfect surface the artist would sketch
a
c
omposition with chalk refine
i
t
w
it
h
i
nks and then begin the deliberate process
o
f
a
pplying thin layers
o
f
e
gg tempera paint
(egg yolk
i
n
w
hich pigments are suspended) with small brushes

6
6
6
6 deficiency
deficiency
deficiency
deficiency [
[
[
[
dI5fIFEnsI
dI5fIFEnsI
dI5fIFEnsI
dI5fIFEnsI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
缺乏

Vitamins came to be recognized
i
n
f
oods and deficiency syndromes were described

6
6
6
6 d
efend
defend
defend
defend [
[
[
[
dI5fend
dI5fend
dI5fend
dI5fend
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
防
卫

But the most spectacular thing about the sea cucumber is the way
i
t
de
fends itself

6
6
6
6 curved
curved
curved
curved
（
curve[
curve[
curve[
curve[
k＼v
k＼v
k＼v
k＼v
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

弯曲

That invention was the arch
a
c
urved structure originally made
o
f
s
eparate stone or
brick segments

6
6
6
6 cord
cord
cord
cord [
[
[
[
kCd
kCd
kCd
kCd
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
绳

These are the central nervous system (the nerve cord mentions above) consisting
o
f
t
he brain and spinal cord and the peripheral nervous system consisting
o
f
t
he cranial
spinal and peripheral nerves together with their motor and sensory endings

6
6
6
6 coral
coral
coral
coral [
[
[
[
5kDrEl
5kDrEl
5kDrEl
5kDrEl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
珊瑚

Others range from the wellknown Australian Great Barrer Reef Marine Park to lesser
known parks
i
n
c
ountries such as Thailand and Indonesia where tourism is placing
growing pressures
o
n
f
ragile coral reef systems

6
6
6
6 controversial
controversial
controversial
controversial [
[
[
[
7kDntrE5v＼FEl
7kDntrE5v＼FEl
7kDntrE5v＼FEl
7kDntrE5v＼FEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
争
3
3
3
3 controversy
controversy
controversy
controversy [
[
[
[
5kDntrEv＼sI
5kDntrEv＼sI
5kDntrEv＼sI
5kDntrEv＼sI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
辩

Politics
i
n
t
he United States has become substantially more controversial since the老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
102
102
102
102
6
6
6
6 e
quivalent
equivalent
equivalent
equivalent [
[
[
[
I5kwIvElEnt
I5kwIvElEnt
I5kwIvElEnt
I5kwIvElEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
等物

The popular is replacing the folk
i
n
i
ndustrialized countries and
i
n
m
any developing
nations Folkmade objects give way to their popular equivalent usually because the
popular item is more quickly or cheaply produced is easier or time saving to use or
lends more prestige to the owner

6
6
6
6 enterprise
enterprise
enterprise
enterprise [
[
[
[
5entEpraIz
5entEpraIz
5entEpraIz
5entEpraIz
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
企业

All such work was done by collective enterprise
i
n
t
he workshops

6
6
6
6 election
election
election
election [
[
[
[
I5lekF(E)n
I5lekF(E)n
I5lekF(E)n
I5lekF(E)n
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
选举
4
4
4
4 elected
elected
elected
elected
（
elect[
elect[
elect[
elect[
I5lekt
I5lekt
I5lekt
I5lekt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
选
举

In larger groups leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment

6
6
6
6 d
isplace
displace
displace
displace [
[
[
[
dIs5pleIs
dIs5pleIs
dIs5pleIs
dIs5pleIs
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
取
代

Opportunists must constantly invade new areas to compensate for being displaced by
more competitive species

6
6
6
6 directed
directed
directed
directed
（
direct[
direct[
direct[
direct[
dI5rekt daI5rekt
dI5rekt daI5rekt
dI5rekt daI5rekt
dI5rekt daI5rekt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
指
挥
4
4
4
4 directional
directional
directional
directional adj
adj
adj
adj
方

The war chief led the men
i
n
f
ighting during occasional conflicts that broke out with
neighboring villages and directed the men
i
n
c
ommunity building projects

6
6
6
6 devote
devote
devote
devote [
[
[
[
dI5vEJt
dI5vEJt
dI5vEJt
dI5vEJt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
献
身

Harold Strauss
a
de
voted editor at Alfred A Knopf the New
Y
ork
publ
ishing house
and Mildred Strauss his wife were wealthy and childless

6
6
6
6 determination
determination
determination
determination [
[
[
[
dI t＼mI5neIFEn
dI t＼mI5neIFEn
dI t＼mI5neIFEn
dI t＼mI5neIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
决心

It is now believed that the process
o
f
c
olonization required
a
gr
eat deal
o
f
s
kill
determination and planning and could not have happened by chance

6
6
6
6 denser
denser
denser
denser
（
dense[
dense[
dense[
dense[
dens
dens
dens
dens
]
]
]
]
）
adj
adj
adj
adj
密集

Bloodhounds apparently have denser concentrations
o
f
r
eceptor sites tuned to human
scents

6
6
6
6 deliberate
deliberate
deliberate
deliberate [
[
[
[
dI5lIbEreIt
dI5lIbEreIt
dI5lIbEreIt
dI5lIbEreIt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
深思熟虑

On this perfect surface the artist would sketch
a
c
omposition with chalk refine
i
t
w
it
h
i
nks and then begin the deliberate process
o
f
a
pplying thin layers
o
f
e
gg tempera paint
(egg yolk
i
n
w
hich pigments are suspended) with small brushes

6
6
6
6 deficiency
deficiency
deficiency
deficiency [
[
[
[
dI5fIFEnsI
dI5fIFEnsI
dI5fIFEnsI
dI5fIFEnsI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
缺乏

Vitamins came to be recognized
i
n
f
oods and deficiency syndromes were described

6
6
6
6 d
efend
defend
defend
defend [
[
[
[
dI5fend
dI5fend
dI5fend
dI5fend
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
防
卫

But the most spectacular thing about the sea cucumber is the way
i
t
de
fends itself

6
6
6
6 curved
curved
curved
curved
（
curve[
curve[
curve[
curve[
k＼v
k＼v
k＼v
k＼v
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

弯曲

That invention was the arch
a
c
urved structure originally made
o
f
s
eparate stone or
brick segments

6
6
6
6 cord
cord
cord
cord [
[
[
[
kCd
kCd
kCd
kCd
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
绳

These are the central nervous system (the nerve cord mentions above) consisting
o
f
t
he brain and spinal cord and the peripheral nervous system consisting
o
f
t
he cranial
spinal and peripheral nerves together with their motor and sensory endings

6
6
6
6 coral
coral
coral
coral [
[
[
[
5kDrEl
5kDrEl
5kDrEl
5kDrEl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
珊瑚

Others range from the wellknown Australian Great Barrer Reef Marine Park to lesser
known parks
i
n
c
ountries such as Thailand and Indonesia where tourism is placing
growing pressures
o
n
f
ragile coral reef systems

6
6
6
6 controversial
controversial
controversial
controversial [
[
[
[
7kDntrE5v＼FEl
7kDntrE5v＼FEl
7kDntrE5v＼FEl
7kDntrE5v＼FEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
争
3
3
3
3 controversy
controversy
controversy
controversy [
[
[
[
5kDntrEv＼sI
5kDntrEv＼sI
5kDntrEv＼sI
5kDntrEv＼sI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
辩

Politics
i
n
t
he United States has become substantially more controversial since the老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
103
103
103
103
i
ntroduction
o
f
t
elevision

6
6
6
6 committee
committee
committee
committee [
[
[
[
kE5mItI
kE5mItI
kE5mItI
kE5mItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
委员会

T
o
t
he end he headed the NSS committee that oversaw the sculptural decoration
o
f
the
L
ibrary
o
f
C
ongress Reading Room
i
n
W
ashington DC as well as the building and
decorating
o
f
t
he Dewey Archa monument
i
n
N
ew
Y
ork
t
o honor Admiral George
Dewey

6
6
6
6 collision
collision
collision
collision [
[
[
[
kE5lIVEn
kE5lIVEn
kE5lIVEn
kE5lIVEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
碰撞

One
o
f
t
he great truths revealed by the last few decades
o
f
pl
anetary exploration is tha
t
c
ollisions between bodies
o
f all
s
izes are relatively commonplace at least
i
n
ge
ologic
terms and were even more frequent
i
n
t
he early solar system

6
6
6
6 clusters
clusters
clusters
clusters
（
cluster[
cluster[
cluster[
cluster[
5klQstE
5klQstE
5klQstE
5klQstE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
串丛

Alder roots contain clusters
o
f
ni
trogenfixing nodules like those found
o
n
l
egumes
such as beans

6
6
6
6 cliff
cliff
cliff
cliff [
[
[
[
klIf
klIf
klIf
klIf
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
悬崖

The early Australians may have painted
o
n
t
he walls
o
f
r
ock shelters and
c
liff
f
aces at
least 30000 years ago and maybe as much as 60000 years ago

6
6
6
6 cargo
cargo
cargo
cargo [
[
[
[
5kB^EJ
5kB^EJ
5kB^EJ
5kB^EJ
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
货物

It was required for the glassworks the first factory
i
n
t
he British colonies and was
produced
i
n
s
ufficient quantity to permit the inclusion
o
f
pot
ash
i
n
t
he first cargo
shipped out
o
f
J
amestown

6
6
6
6 capture
capture
capture
capture [
[
[
[
5kAptFE
5kAptFE
5kAptFE
5kAptFE
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
捕
获
n
n
n
n
捕获物

But
i
n
t
he nineteenth century the capture
o
n
f
ilm
o
f
a
f
alling cat constituted
a
s
cientifi
c
e
xperiment

6
6
6
6 calendar
calendar
calendar
calendar [
[
[
[
5kAlIndE
5kAlIndE
5kAlIndE
5kAlIndE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
日历时间表

I
f
a
pe
rson is seated
o
n
a
c
ertain one
o
f
t
hese rocks as the spot reaches it the Sun can be
viewed through the calendar hole

6
6
6
6 calcium
calcium
calcium
calcium [
[
[
[
5kAlsIEm
5kAlsIEm
5kAlsIEm
5kAlsIEm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
钙

Socalled serpentine soils for example are deficient
i
n
c
alcium and only plants able
to tolerate low levels
o
f
t
his mineral can survive

6
6
6
6 butter
butter
butter
butter [
[
[
[
5bQtE
5bQtE
5bQtE
5bQtE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
奶油

Ice was used
i
n
hot
els taverns and hospitals and by some forwardlooking city
dealers
i
n
f
resh meat fresh fish and butter

6
6
6
6 blown
blown
blown
blown
（
blow[
blow[
blow[
blow[
blEJ
blEJ
blEJ
blEJ
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
刮
b
low
blow
blow
blow
时

One the less common kind contains electrically charged (ie ionized) atoms
o
f
ga
s
which are blown
o
ff
di
rectly
i
n
t
he direction away from the Sun by the magnetic field
o
f
t
he solar wind

6
6
6
6 bit
bit
bit
bit [
[
[
[
bIt
bIt
bIt
bIt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
少量

Silversmiths complied with these requests by melting the money
i
n
a
s
mall furnace
adding
a
bi
t
o
f
c
opper to form
a
s
tronger alloy and casting the alloy
i
n
r
ectangular
blocks

6
6
6
6 biographies
biographies
biographies
biographies
（
biography[
biography[
biography[
biography[
baI5D^rEfI
baI5D^rEfI
baI5D^rEfI
baI5D^rEfI
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
传记

T
o
de
monstrate that women were making significant contributions to American life
female authors singled out women leaders and wrote biographies or else important
women produced their autobiographies

6
6
6
6 battle
battle
battle
battle [
[
[
[
5bAtl
5bAtl
5bAtl
5bAtl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
战斗
v

v
v
v
作
战

It is therefore
a
n
e
nvironment
i
n
w
hich organisms battle for survival

6
6
6
6 basalt
basalt
basalt
basalt n
n
n
n
玄武岩

Like sandstone basalt is
a
c
rystalline rock that is very porous
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
103
103
103
103
i
ntroduction
o
f
t
elevision

6
6
6
6 committee
committee
committee
committee [
[
[
[
kE5mItI
kE5mItI
kE5mItI
kE5mItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
委员会

T
o
t
he end he headed the NSS committee that oversaw the sculptural decoration
o
f
the
L
ibrary
o
f
C
ongress Reading Room
i
n
W
ashington DC as well as the building and
decorating
o
f
t
he Dewey Archa monument
i
n
N
ew
Y
ork
t
o honor Admiral George
Dewey

6
6
6
6 collision
collision
collision
collision [
[
[
[
kE5lIVEn
kE5lIVEn
kE5lIVEn
kE5lIVEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
碰撞

One
o
f
t
he great truths revealed by the last few decades
o
f
pl
anetary exploration is tha
t
c
ollisions between bodies
o
f all
s
izes are relatively commonplace at least
i
n
ge
ologic
terms and were even more frequent
i
n
t
he early solar system

6
6
6
6 clusters
clusters
clusters
clusters
（
cluster[
cluster[
cluster[
cluster[
5klQstE
5klQstE
5klQstE
5klQstE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
串丛

Alder roots contain clusters
o
f
ni
trogenfixing nodules like those found
o
n
l
egumes
such as beans

6
6
6
6 cliff
cliff
cliff
cliff [
[
[
[
klIf
klIf
klIf
klIf
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
悬崖

The early Australians may have painted
o
n
t
he walls
o
f
r
ock shelters and
c
liff
f
aces at
least 30000 years ago and maybe as much as 60000 years ago

6
6
6
6 cargo
cargo
cargo
cargo [
[
[
[
5kB^EJ
5kB^EJ
5kB^EJ
5kB^EJ
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
货物

It was required for the glassworks the first factory
i
n
t
he British colonies and was
produced
i
n
s
ufficient quantity to permit the inclusion
o
f
pot
ash
i
n
t
he first cargo
shipped out
o
f
J
amestown

6
6
6
6 capture
capture
capture
capture [
[
[
[
5kAptFE
5kAptFE
5kAptFE
5kAptFE
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
捕
获
n
n
n
n
捕获物

But
i
n
t
he nineteenth century the capture
o
n
f
ilm
o
f
a
f
alling cat constituted
a
s
cientifi
c
e
xperiment

6
6
6
6 calendar
calendar
calendar
calendar [
[
[
[
5kAlIndE
5kAlIndE
5kAlIndE
5kAlIndE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
日历时间表

I
f
a
pe
rson is seated
o
n
a
c
ertain one
o
f
t
hese rocks as the spot reaches it the Sun can be
viewed through the calendar hole

6
6
6
6 calcium
calcium
calcium
calcium [
[
[
[
5kAlsIEm
5kAlsIEm
5kAlsIEm
5kAlsIEm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
钙

Socalled serpentine soils for example are deficient
i
n
c
alcium and only plants able
to tolerate low levels
o
f
t
his mineral can survive

6
6
6
6 butter
butter
butter
butter [
[
[
[
5bQtE
5bQtE
5bQtE
5bQtE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
奶油

Ice was used
i
n
hot
els taverns and hospitals and by some forwardlooking city
dealers
i
n
f
resh meat fresh fish and butter

6
6
6
6 blown
blown
blown
blown
（
blow[
blow[
blow[
blow[
blEJ
blEJ
blEJ
blEJ
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
刮
b
low
blow
blow
blow
时

One the less common kind contains electrically charged (ie ionized) atoms
o
f
ga
s
which are blown
o
ff
di
rectly
i
n
t
he direction away from the Sun by the magnetic field
o
f
t
he solar wind

6
6
6
6 bit
bit
bit
bit [
[
[
[
bIt
bIt
bIt
bIt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
少量

Silversmiths complied with these requests by melting the money
i
n
a
s
mall furnace
adding
a
bi
t
o
f
c
opper to form
a
s
tronger alloy and casting the alloy
i
n
r
ectangular
blocks

6
6
6
6 biographies
biographies
biographies
biographies
（
biography[
biography[
biography[
biography[
baI5D^rEfI
baI5D^rEfI
baI5D^rEfI
baI5D^rEfI
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
传记

T
o
de
monstrate that women were making significant contributions to American life
female authors singled out women leaders and wrote biographies or else important
women produced their autobiographies

6
6
6
6 battle
battle
battle
battle [
[
[
[
5bAtl
5bAtl
5bAtl
5bAtl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
战斗
v

v
v
v
作
战

It is therefore
a
n
e
nvironment
i
n
w
hich organisms battle for survival

6
6
6
6 basalt
basalt
basalt
basalt n
n
n
n
玄武岩

Like sandstone basalt is
a
c
rystalline rock that is very porous
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
104
104
104
104
老
师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
老师
Toefl
词汇红宝书
6
6
6
6 assert
assert
assert
assert [
[
[
[
E5s＼t
E5s＼t
E5s＼t
E5s＼t
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
声
称断言

Apparently unknown during the golden days
o
f
t
he American landscape movement
which began around 1850 and lasted until the late 1860＇s the Hudson River school
seems to have emerged
i
n
t
he 1870＇s as
a
di
rect result
o
f
t
he struggle between the old
and the new generations
o
f
a
rtists each to assert its own style as the representative
American art

6
6
6
6 array
array
array
array [
[
[
[
E5reI
E5reI
E5reI
E5reI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
军队编队

The urban middle class was now able to buy
a
w
ide array
o
f
f
ood products and
clothingbaked goods canned goods suits shirts shoes and dresses

6
6
6
6 antibiotics
antibiotics
antibiotics
antibiotics
（
antibiotic[
antibiotic[
antibiotic[
antibiotic[
7AntIbaI5DtIk
7AntIbaI5DtIk
7AntIbaI5DtIk
7AntIbaI5DtIk
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
抗菌素

In addition fungi are the source
o
f
m
any
o
f
t
he most potent antibiotics used
i
n
c
linica
l
m
edicine including penicillin

6
6
6
6 affection
affection
affection
affection [
[
[
[
E5fekFEn
E5fekFEn
E5fekFEn
E5fekFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
感情影响

The development
o
f
a
ttachment
i
n
hum
an infants is
a
l
engthy process involving
changes
i
n
ps
ychological structures that lead to
a
de
ep affectional tie between parent
and baby

6
6
6
6 accustomed
accustomed
accustomed
accustomed
（
accustom[
accustom[
accustom[
accustom[
E5kQstEm
E5kQstEm
E5kQstEm
E5kQstEm
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

惯

Gallup had to allow the chimpanzee to become accustomed to the mirror before he
began the experiment

6
6
6
6 abstract
abstract
abstract
abstract [
[
[
[
5AbstrAkt
5AbstrAkt
5AbstrAkt
5AbstrAkt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
梗概摘
adj
adj
adj
adj
抽象

W
ith
s
pontaneous irreverence satire rearranges perspectives scrambles familiar
objects into incongruous juxtaposition and speaks
i
n
a
pe
rsonal idiom instead
o
f
a
bstract
platitude

5
5
5
5 witnessed
witnessed
witnessed
witnessed
（
witness[
witness[
witness[
witness[
5wItnIs
5wItnIs
5wItnIs
5wItnIs
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
目
击
n
n
n
n
证

Since surpluses o food could also be bartered for other commodities the Neolithic er
a
w
itnessed the beginnings
o
f
l
argescale exchange
o
f
goods


5
5
5
5 ward
ward
ward
ward [
[
[
[
wCd
wCd
wCd
wCd
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
守
护

For example when attacked by diseasecausing fungi or bacteria many kinds
o
f
pl
ants
produce chemicals that help to ward
o
ff
t
he invaders

5
5
5
5 vehicles
vehicles
vehicles
vehicles
（
vehicle[
vehicle[
vehicle[
vehicle[
5viIkl
5viIkl
5viIkl
5viIkl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
交通工具

The most common road freight carrier was the Conestoga wagon
a
v
ehicle developed
i
n
t
he mideighteenth century by German immigrants
i
n
t
he area around Lancaster
Pennsylvania

5
5
5
5 unity
unity
unity
unity [
[
[
[
5junItI
5junItI
5junItI
5junItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
结合
3
3
3
3 unit
unit
unit
unit [
[
[
[
5junIt
5junIt
5junIt
5junIt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
单位

The use
o
f
hom
e bases is
a
f
undamental component
o
f
hum
an social behavior the
common meal served at
a
c
ommon hearth is
a
pow
erful symbol
a
m
ark
o
f
s
ocial unity

5
5
5
5 t
unnels
tunnels
tunnels
tunnels
（
tunnel[
tunnel[
tunnel[
tunnel[
5tQnl
5tQnl
5tQnl
5tQnl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
隧道
v

v
v
v
挖

I
n temperate glaciers the ice is at the melting point at every pressure level within the
glacier and free water is present as small drops or as larger accumulations
i
n
t
unnels
within or beneath the ice

5
5
5
5 tremendous
tremendous
tremendous
tremendous [
[
[
[
trI5mendEs
trI5mendEs
trI5mendEs
trI5mendEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
巨

The acute growing public awareness
o
f
t
he social changes that had been taking place
for some time was tied to tremendous growth
i
n
popul
ar journalism
i
n
t
he late
nineteenth century including growth
i
n
qua
ntity and circulation
o
f
bot
h magazines and
newspapers

5
5
5
5 translucent
translucent
translucent
translucent [
[
[
[
trAnz5ljusnt
trAnz5ljusnt
trAnz5ljusnt
trAnz5ljusnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
透明

It can be colored or colorless monochrome or polychrome transparent translucent or
opaque
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
104
104
104
104
老
师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
老师
Toefl
词汇红宝书
6
6
6
6 assert
assert
assert
assert [
[
[
[
E5s＼t
E5s＼t
E5s＼t
E5s＼t
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
声
称断言

Apparently unknown during the golden days
o
f
t
he American landscape movement
which began around 1850 and lasted until the late 1860＇s the Hudson River school
seems to have emerged
i
n
t
he 1870＇s as
a
di
rect result
o
f
t
he struggle between the old
and the new generations
o
f
a
rtists each to assert its own style as the representative
American art

6
6
6
6 array
array
array
array [
[
[
[
E5reI
E5reI
E5reI
E5reI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
军队编队

The urban middle class was now able to buy
a
w
ide array
o
f
f
ood products and
clothingbaked goods canned goods suits shirts shoes and dresses

6
6
6
6 antibiotics
antibiotics
antibiotics
antibiotics
（
antibiotic[
antibiotic[
antibiotic[
antibiotic[
7AntIbaI5DtIk
7AntIbaI5DtIk
7AntIbaI5DtIk
7AntIbaI5DtIk
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
抗菌素

In addition fungi are the source
o
f
m
any
o
f
t
he most potent antibiotics used
i
n
c
linica
l
m
edicine including penicillin

6
6
6
6 affection
affection
affection
affection [
[
[
[
E5fekFEn
E5fekFEn
E5fekFEn
E5fekFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
感情影响

The development
o
f
a
ttachment
i
n
hum
an infants is
a
l
engthy process involving
changes
i
n
ps
ychological structures that lead to
a
de
ep affectional tie between parent
and baby

6
6
6
6 accustomed
accustomed
accustomed
accustomed
（
accustom[
accustom[
accustom[
accustom[
E5kQstEm
E5kQstEm
E5kQstEm
E5kQstEm
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

惯

Gallup had to allow the chimpanzee to become accustomed to the mirror before he
began the experiment

6
6
6
6 abstract
abstract
abstract
abstract [
[
[
[
5AbstrAkt
5AbstrAkt
5AbstrAkt
5AbstrAkt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
梗概摘
adj
adj
adj
adj
抽象

W
ith
s
pontaneous irreverence satire rearranges perspectives scrambles familiar
objects into incongruous juxtaposition and speaks
i
n
a
pe
rsonal idiom instead
o
f
a
bstract
platitude

5
5
5
5 witnessed
witnessed
witnessed
witnessed
（
witness[
witness[
witness[
witness[
5wItnIs
5wItnIs
5wItnIs
5wItnIs
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
目
击
n
n
n
n
证

Since surpluses o food could also be bartered for other commodities the Neolithic er
a
w
itnessed the beginnings
o
f
l
argescale exchange
o
f
goods


5
5
5
5 ward
ward
ward
ward [
[
[
[
wCd
wCd
wCd
wCd
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
守
护

For example when attacked by diseasecausing fungi or bacteria many kinds
o
f
pl
ants
produce chemicals that help to ward
o
ff
t
he invaders

5
5
5
5 vehicles
vehicles
vehicles
vehicles
（
vehicle[
vehicle[
vehicle[
vehicle[
5viIkl
5viIkl
5viIkl
5viIkl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
交通工具

The most common road freight carrier was the Conestoga wagon
a
v
ehicle developed
i
n
t
he mideighteenth century by German immigrants
i
n
t
he area around Lancaster
Pennsylvania

5
5
5
5 unity
unity
unity
unity [
[
[
[
5junItI
5junItI
5junItI
5junItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
结合
3
3
3
3 unit
unit
unit
unit [
[
[
[
5junIt
5junIt
5junIt
5junIt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
单位

The use
o
f
hom
e bases is
a
f
undamental component
o
f
hum
an social behavior the
common meal served at
a
c
ommon hearth is
a
pow
erful symbol
a
m
ark
o
f
s
ocial unity

5
5
5
5 t
unnels
tunnels
tunnels
tunnels
（
tunnel[
tunnel[
tunnel[
tunnel[
5tQnl
5tQnl
5tQnl
5tQnl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
隧道
v

v
v
v
挖

I
n temperate glaciers the ice is at the melting point at every pressure level within the
glacier and free water is present as small drops or as larger accumulations
i
n
t
unnels
within or beneath the ice

5
5
5
5 tremendous
tremendous
tremendous
tremendous [
[
[
[
trI5mendEs
trI5mendEs
trI5mendEs
trI5mendEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
巨

The acute growing public awareness
o
f
t
he social changes that had been taking place
for some time was tied to tremendous growth
i
n
popul
ar journalism
i
n
t
he late
nineteenth century including growth
i
n
qua
ntity and circulation
o
f
bot
h magazines and
newspapers

5
5
5
5 translucent
translucent
translucent
translucent [
[
[
[
trAnz5ljusnt
trAnz5ljusnt
trAnz5ljusnt
trAnz5ljusnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
透明

It can be colored or colorless monochrome or polychrome transparent translucent or
opaque
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
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师
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
105
105
105
105
5
5
5
5 t
ongue
tongue
tongue
tongue [
[
[
[
tQN
tQN
tQN
tQN
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
舌

Once that point is reached the ice flows downhill either as
a
t
ongue
o
f
i
ce filling
a
v
alley or as thick ice cap that flows out
i
n
di
rections from the highest central area where
the most snow accumulates

5
5
5
5 thoroughly
thoroughly
thoroughly
thoroughly [
[
[
[
5WQrElI
5WQrElI
5WQrElI
5WQrElI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
彻底

Most
o
f
t
he near side
o
f
t
he Moon was thoroughly mapped and studied from telescopi
c
pi
ctures years before the age
o
f
s
pace exploration

5
5
5
5 temporary
temporary
temporary
temporary [
[
[
[
5tempErErI
5tempErErI
5tempErErI
5tempErErI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
暂时
n
n
n
n
时工
3
3
3
3 temporarily
temporarily
temporarily
temporarily adv
adv
adv
adv
暂时




时

Furthermore the broadside format lent itselt to subjects
o
f
hi
gh
i
f
t
emporary interest
enabling them to meet with ready sale

5
5
5
5 tectonic
tectonic
tectonic
tectonic adj
adj
adj
adj
建筑

W
ith
a
n understating
o
f
pl
ate tectonics geologists have put together
a
ne
w history for
the Earth＇s surface

5
5
5
5 systematic
systematic
systematic
systematic [
[
[
[
7sIstI5mAtIk
7sIstI5mAtIk
7sIstI5mAtIk
7sIstI5mAtIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
系统

Relatively recently the same techniques have been systematically applied to studies o
f
t
he more immediate past

5
5
5
5 swept
swept
swept
swept
（
sweep[
sweep[
sweep[
sweep[
swip
swip
swip
swip
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
扫
s
weep
sweep
sweep
sweep
时

The development
o
f
t
he modern presidency
i
n
t
he United States began with Andrew
Jackson who swept to power
i
n
1829
a
t
t
he head
o
f
t
he Democratic Party and served
until 1837

5
5
5
5 surpassed
surpassed
surpassed
surpassed
（
surpass[
surpass[
surpass[
surpass[
s＼5pBs
s＼5pBs
s＼5pBs
s＼5pBs
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
超
越

Designers
o
f
t
he railroad stations
o
f
t
he new age explored the potential
o
f
i
ron
covering huge areas with spans that surpassed the great vauits
o
f
m
edieval churches and
cathedrals

5
5
5
5 sulfur
sulfur
sulfur
sulfur [
[
[
[
5sQlfE
5sQlfE
5sQlfE
5sQlfE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
硫
4
4
4
4 sulfuric
sulfuric
sulfuric
sulfuric adj
adj
adj
adj
硫

For example sulfur dioxide has detectable health effects at 008 parts per million
(ppm) which is about 400 times its natural level

5
5
5
5 struck
struck
struck
struck
（
strike[
strike[
strike[
strike[
straIk
straIk
straIk
straIk
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
攻
击罢工
n
n
n
n
攻击罢工

In 1987 for example German metalworkers struck for and received
a
375
hour
workweek and
i
n
1990 m
any workers
i
n
B
ritain won
a
37
hour week

5
5
5
5 statistic
statistic
statistic
statistic [
[
[
[
stE5tIstIk
stE5tIstIk
stE5tIstIk
stE5tIstIk
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
统计量




统计数值
adj
adj
adj
adj
统计

Until 1979
i
t
w
as just another astronomy textbook statistic

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
5
5
5
5 sponsored
sponsored
sponsored
sponsored
（
sponsor[
sponsor[
sponsor[
sponsor[
5spDnsE
5spDnsE
5spDnsE
5spDnsE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
发起者
v

v
v
v
发
起

The exhibit was sponsored by
a
n
i
ndependent group called The Artists Fund Society

5
5
5
5 s
pinal
spinal
spinal
spinal [
[
[
[
5spaInl
5spaInl
5spaInl
5spaInl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
尖刺

A
m
ultitude
o
f
m
icroorganisms( including viruses and bacteria) and
a
n
a
rmy
o
f
i
nvertebrates – or creatures lacking
a
s
pinal column (including crustaceans insects and
many different types
o
f
w
orms ) –make their livings directly at the expense
o
f
ot
her
creatures

5
5
5
5 spectacular
spectacular
spectacular
spectacular [
[
[
[
spek5tAkjJlE
spek5tAkjJlE
spek5tAkjJlE
spek5tAkjJlE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
奇观
adj
adj
adj
adj
壮观

The desperate plight
o
f
t
he South has eclipsed the fact that reconstruction had to be
undertaken also
i
n
t
he North though less spectacularly

5
5
5
5 span
span
span
span [
[
[
[
spAn
spAn
spAn
spAn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
跨度
v

v
v
v
横
跨

Apart from its low cost the appeal
o
f
i
ron as
a
bui
lding material lay
i
n
i
ts strength its
resistance to fire and its potential to span vast areas
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
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老
师
Blog
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留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
105
105
105
105
5
5
5
5 t
ongue
tongue
tongue
tongue [
[
[
[
tQN
tQN
tQN
tQN
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
舌

Once that point is reached the ice flows downhill either as
a
t
ongue
o
f
i
ce filling
a
v
alley or as thick ice cap that flows out
i
n
di
rections from the highest central area where
the most snow accumulates

5
5
5
5 thoroughly
thoroughly
thoroughly
thoroughly [
[
[
[
5WQrElI
5WQrElI
5WQrElI
5WQrElI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
彻底

Most
o
f
t
he near side
o
f
t
he Moon was thoroughly mapped and studied from telescopi
c
pi
ctures years before the age
o
f
s
pace exploration

5
5
5
5 temporary
temporary
temporary
temporary [
[
[
[
5tempErErI
5tempErErI
5tempErErI
5tempErErI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
暂时
n
n
n
n
时工
3
3
3
3 temporarily
temporarily
temporarily
temporarily adv
adv
adv
adv
暂时




时

Furthermore the broadside format lent itselt to subjects
o
f
hi
gh
i
f
t
emporary interest
enabling them to meet with ready sale

5
5
5
5 tectonic
tectonic
tectonic
tectonic adj
adj
adj
adj
建筑

W
ith
a
n understating
o
f
pl
ate tectonics geologists have put together
a
ne
w history for
the Earth＇s surface

5
5
5
5 systematic
systematic
systematic
systematic [
[
[
[
7sIstI5mAtIk
7sIstI5mAtIk
7sIstI5mAtIk
7sIstI5mAtIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
系统

Relatively recently the same techniques have been systematically applied to studies o
f
t
he more immediate past

5
5
5
5 swept
swept
swept
swept
（
sweep[
sweep[
sweep[
sweep[
swip
swip
swip
swip
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
扫
s
weep
sweep
sweep
sweep
时

The development
o
f
t
he modern presidency
i
n
t
he United States began with Andrew
Jackson who swept to power
i
n
1829
a
t
t
he head
o
f
t
he Democratic Party and served
until 1837

5
5
5
5 surpassed
surpassed
surpassed
surpassed
（
surpass[
surpass[
surpass[
surpass[
s＼5pBs
s＼5pBs
s＼5pBs
s＼5pBs
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
超
越

Designers
o
f
t
he railroad stations
o
f
t
he new age explored the potential
o
f
i
ron
covering huge areas with spans that surpassed the great vauits
o
f
m
edieval churches and
cathedrals

5
5
5
5 sulfur
sulfur
sulfur
sulfur [
[
[
[
5sQlfE
5sQlfE
5sQlfE
5sQlfE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
硫
4
4
4
4 sulfuric
sulfuric
sulfuric
sulfuric adj
adj
adj
adj
硫

For example sulfur dioxide has detectable health effects at 008 parts per million
(ppm) which is about 400 times its natural level

5
5
5
5 struck
struck
struck
struck
（
strike[
strike[
strike[
strike[
straIk
straIk
straIk
straIk
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
攻
击罢工
n
n
n
n
攻击罢工

In 1987 for example German metalworkers struck for and received
a
375
hour
workweek and
i
n
1990 m
any workers
i
n
B
ritain won
a
37
hour week

5
5
5
5 statistic
statistic
statistic
statistic [
[
[
[
stE5tIstIk
stE5tIstIk
stE5tIstIk
stE5tIstIk
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
统计量




统计数值
adj
adj
adj
adj
统计

Until 1979
i
t
w
as just another astronomy textbook statistic

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
5
5
5
5 sponsored
sponsored
sponsored
sponsored
（
sponsor[
sponsor[
sponsor[
sponsor[
5spDnsE
5spDnsE
5spDnsE
5spDnsE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
发起者
v

v
v
v
发
起

The exhibit was sponsored by
a
n
i
ndependent group called The Artists Fund Society

5
5
5
5 s
pinal
spinal
spinal
spinal [
[
[
[
5spaInl
5spaInl
5spaInl
5spaInl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
尖刺

A
m
ultitude
o
f
m
icroorganisms( including viruses and bacteria) and
a
n
a
rmy
o
f
i
nvertebrates – or creatures lacking
a
s
pinal column (including crustaceans insects and
many different types
o
f
w
orms ) –make their livings directly at the expense
o
f
ot
her
creatures

5
5
5
5 spectacular
spectacular
spectacular
spectacular [
[
[
[
spek5tAkjJlE
spek5tAkjJlE
spek5tAkjJlE
spek5tAkjJlE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
奇观
adj
adj
adj
adj
壮观

The desperate plight
o
f
t
he South has eclipsed the fact that reconstruction had to be
undertaken also
i
n
t
he North though less spectacularly

5
5
5
5 span
span
span
span [
[
[
[
spAn
spAn
spAn
spAn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
跨度
v

v
v
v
横
跨

Apart from its low cost the appeal
o
f
i
ron as
a
bui
lding material lay
i
n
i
ts strength its
resistance to fire and its potential to span vast areas
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
106
106
106
106
5
5
5
5 s
labs
slabs
slabs
slabs
（
slab[
slab[
slab[
slab[
slAb
slAb
slAb
slAb
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
板

Some
o
f
t
hose slabs appear to have been painted as much as 28000 years ago which
suggests that painting
i
n
A
frica is as old as painting
i
n
E
urope

5
5
5
5 senate
senate
senate
senate [
[
[
[
5senIt
5senIt
5senIt
5senIt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
参议院

It was the first time that the Senate had been known to oppose the President

5
5
5
5 segments
segments
segments
segments
（
segment[
segment[
segment[
segment[
5se^mEnt
5se^mEnt
5se^mEnt
5se^mEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
部分断片

The Earth＇s crust is thought to be divided into huge movable segments called plates
which float
o
n
a
s
oft plastic layer
o
f
r
ock

5
5
5
5 secrete
secrete
secrete
secrete [
[
[
[
sI5krit
sI5krit
sI5krit
sI5krit
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
隐
藏

They are secreted to the outside
o
f
t
he body and cause other individuals
o
f
t
he specie
s
t
o have specific reactions

5
5
5
5 rhythm
rhythm
rhythm
rhythm [
[
[
[
5rITEm 5rIWEm
5rITEm 5rIWEm
5rITEm 5rIWEm
5rITEm 5rIWEm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
旋律

In playing hot
a
m
usician consciously departs from strict meter to create
a
r
elaxed
sense
o
f
phr
asing that also emphasizes the underlying rhythms

5
5
5
5 relevant
relevant
relevant
relevant [
[
[
[
5relIvEnt
5relIvEnt
5relIvEnt
5relIvEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
关

Three other explanations seem more promising
．
0ne involves physiological changes
relevant to memory

5
5
5
5 reasonable
reasonable
reasonable
reasonable [
[
[
[
5riznEbl
5riznEbl
5riznEbl
5riznEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
合理

Contrary to the arguments
o
f
s
ome that much
o
f
t
he pacific was settled by Polynesian
s
a
ccidentally marooned after being lost and adrift
i
t
s
eems reasonable that this feat was
accomplished by deliberate colonization expeditions that set out fully stocked with food
and domesticated plants and animals

5
5
5
5 realm
realm
realm
realm [
[
[
[
relm
relm
relm
relm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
领域

For the most part the literature
i
n
w
hich the railroad plays
a
n
i
mportant role belongs to
popular culture rather than to the realm
o
f
s
erious art

5
5
5
5 rail
rail
rail
rail [
[
[
[
reIl
reIl
reIl
reIl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
铁轨

It became most valuable when the steam locomotive made rail travel possible

5
5
5
5 putrefying
putrefying
putrefying
putrefying
（
putrefy[
putrefy[
putrefy[
putrefy[
5pjutrIfaI
5pjutrIfaI
5pjutrIfaI
5pjutrIfaI
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
化
脓

As many as 20 to 30
o
f
t
hem were found
i
n
f
ifteen liters
o
f
or
dinary air and they could
not be distinguished from the organisms found
i
n
m
uch larger numbers
i
n
pu
trefying
materials

5
5
5
5 presumably
presumably
presumably
presumably [
[
[
[
prI5zjumEbElI
prI5zjumEbElI
prI5zjumEbElI
prI5zjumEbElI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
概

Some sixthand fifthcentury BCAthenian pottery establishments are known to have
concentrated
o
n
a
l
imited range
o
f
f
ine ware but
a
r
ural pottery establishment
o
n
t
he
island
o
f
T
hasos produced many types
o
f
pot
tery and roof tiles too presumably to meet
local demand

5
5
5
5 postage
postage
postage
postage [
[
[
[
5pEJstIdV
5pEJstIdV
5pEJstIdV
5pEJstIdV
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
邮资

It was commemorated by the first United States postage stamp

5
5
5
5 poetry
poetry
poetry
poetry [
[
[
[
5pEJItrI 5pEJetrI
5pEJItrI 5pEJetrI
5pEJItrI 5pEJetrI
5pEJItrI 5pEJetrI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
诗

Anne Bradstreet wrote some significant poetry
i
n
t
he seventeenth century Mercy Oti
s
W
arren produced the best contemporary history
o
f
t
he American Revolution and
Abigail Adams penned important letters showing she exercised great political influence
over her husband John the second President
o
f
t
he United States

5
5
5
5 pipeline
pipeline
pipeline
pipeline [
[
[
[
5paIp7laIn
5paIp7laIn
5paIp7laIn
5paIp7laIn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
道

Pipelines carrying
o
il
c
an be broken by faults or landslides causing serious
o
il
s
pills

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5
5
5
5 peripheral
peripheral
peripheral
peripheral [
[
[
[
pE5rIfErEl
pE5rIfErEl
pE5rIfErEl
pE5rIfErEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
周边
3
3
3
3 periphery
periphery
periphery
periphery [
[
[
[
pE5rIfErI
pE5rIfErI
pE5rIfErI
pE5rIfErI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
外围

The term autonomic nervous system refers to the parts
o
f
t
he central and peripheral老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
106
106
106
106
5
5
5
5 s
labs
slabs
slabs
slabs
（
slab[
slab[
slab[
slab[
slAb
slAb
slAb
slAb
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
板

Some
o
f
t
hose slabs appear to have been painted as much as 28000 years ago which
suggests that painting
i
n
A
frica is as old as painting
i
n
E
urope

5
5
5
5 senate
senate
senate
senate [
[
[
[
5senIt
5senIt
5senIt
5senIt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
参议院

It was the first time that the Senate had been known to oppose the President

5
5
5
5 segments
segments
segments
segments
（
segment[
segment[
segment[
segment[
5se^mEnt
5se^mEnt
5se^mEnt
5se^mEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
部分断片

The Earth＇s crust is thought to be divided into huge movable segments called plates
which float
o
n
a
s
oft plastic layer
o
f
r
ock

5
5
5
5 secrete
secrete
secrete
secrete [
[
[
[
sI5krit
sI5krit
sI5krit
sI5krit
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
隐
藏

They are secreted to the outside
o
f
t
he body and cause other individuals
o
f
t
he specie
s
t
o have specific reactions

5
5
5
5 rhythm
rhythm
rhythm
rhythm [
[
[
[
5rITEm 5rIWEm
5rITEm 5rIWEm
5rITEm 5rIWEm
5rITEm 5rIWEm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
旋律

In playing hot
a
m
usician consciously departs from strict meter to create
a
r
elaxed
sense
o
f
phr
asing that also emphasizes the underlying rhythms

5
5
5
5 relevant
relevant
relevant
relevant [
[
[
[
5relIvEnt
5relIvEnt
5relIvEnt
5relIvEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
关

Three other explanations seem more promising
．
0ne involves physiological changes
relevant to memory

5
5
5
5 reasonable
reasonable
reasonable
reasonable [
[
[
[
5riznEbl
5riznEbl
5riznEbl
5riznEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
合理

Contrary to the arguments
o
f
s
ome that much
o
f
t
he pacific was settled by Polynesian
s
a
ccidentally marooned after being lost and adrift
i
t
s
eems reasonable that this feat was
accomplished by deliberate colonization expeditions that set out fully stocked with food
and domesticated plants and animals

5
5
5
5 realm
realm
realm
realm [
[
[
[
relm
relm
relm
relm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
领域

For the most part the literature
i
n
w
hich the railroad plays
a
n
i
mportant role belongs to
popular culture rather than to the realm
o
f
s
erious art

5
5
5
5 rail
rail
rail
rail [
[
[
[
reIl
reIl
reIl
reIl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
铁轨

It became most valuable when the steam locomotive made rail travel possible

5
5
5
5 putrefying
putrefying
putrefying
putrefying
（
putrefy[
putrefy[
putrefy[
putrefy[
5pjutrIfaI
5pjutrIfaI
5pjutrIfaI
5pjutrIfaI
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
化
脓

As many as 20 to 30
o
f
t
hem were found
i
n
f
ifteen liters
o
f
or
dinary air and they could
not be distinguished from the organisms found
i
n
m
uch larger numbers
i
n
pu
trefying
materials

5
5
5
5 presumably
presumably
presumably
presumably [
[
[
[
prI5zjumEbElI
prI5zjumEbElI
prI5zjumEbElI
prI5zjumEbElI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
概

Some sixthand fifthcentury BCAthenian pottery establishments are known to have
concentrated
o
n
a
l
imited range
o
f
f
ine ware but
a
r
ural pottery establishment
o
n
t
he
island
o
f
T
hasos produced many types
o
f
pot
tery and roof tiles too presumably to meet
local demand

5
5
5
5 postage
postage
postage
postage [
[
[
[
5pEJstIdV
5pEJstIdV
5pEJstIdV
5pEJstIdV
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
邮资

It was commemorated by the first United States postage stamp

5
5
5
5 poetry
poetry
poetry
poetry [
[
[
[
5pEJItrI 5pEJetrI
5pEJItrI 5pEJetrI
5pEJItrI 5pEJetrI
5pEJItrI 5pEJetrI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
诗

Anne Bradstreet wrote some significant poetry
i
n
t
he seventeenth century Mercy Oti
s
W
arren produced the best contemporary history
o
f
t
he American Revolution and
Abigail Adams penned important letters showing she exercised great political influence
over her husband John the second President
o
f
t
he United States

5
5
5
5 pipeline
pipeline
pipeline
pipeline [
[
[
[
5paIp7laIn
5paIp7laIn
5paIp7laIn
5paIp7laIn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
道

Pipelines carrying
o
il
c
an be broken by faults or landslides causing serious
o
il
s
pills

老
师
Blog
：
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留学英语前线
5
5
5
5 peripheral
peripheral
peripheral
peripheral [
[
[
[
pE5rIfErEl
pE5rIfErEl
pE5rIfErEl
pE5rIfErEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
周边
3
3
3
3 periphery
periphery
periphery
periphery [
[
[
[
pE5rIfErI
pE5rIfErI
pE5rIfErI
pE5rIfErI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
外围

The term autonomic nervous system refers to the parts
o
f
t
he central and peripheral老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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Toefl
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Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
107
107
107
107
s
ystems that supply and regulate the activity
o
f
c
ardiac muscle smooth muscle and
many glands

5
5
5
5 pebbles
pebbles
pebbles
pebbles
（
pebble[
pebble[
pebble[
pebble[
5pebl
5pebl
5pebl
5pebl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
圆石

The water was always laden with pebbles gravel and sand known as glacial outwash
that was deposited as the flow slowed down

5
5
5
5 patches
patches
patches
patches
（
patch[
patch[
patch[
patch[
pAtF
pAtF
pAtF
pAtF
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
补钉块土
3
3
3
3 patchy
patchy
patchy
patchy [
[
[
[
5pAtFI
5pAtFI
5pAtFI
5pAtFI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
调

The most important remaining patches
o
f
s
crub lie along the Lake Wales Ridge
a
c
hain
o
f
pa
leoislands running for
a
hundr
ed miles down the center
o
f
F
lorida
i
n
m
ost
places less than
t
en
m
iles wide

5
5
5
5 parallel
parallel
parallel
parallel [
[
[
[
5pArElel
5pArElel
5pArElel
5pArElel
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
行相匹敌物
v

v
v
v






行




相

Woodcuts are created by
a
r
elief process first the artist takes
a
bl
ock
o
f
w
ood which
has been sawed parallel to the grain covers
i
t
w
ith
a
w
hite ground and then draws the
image
i
n
i
nk

5
5
5
5 pales
pales
pales
pales
（
pale[
pale[
pale[
pale[
peIl
peIl
peIl
peIl
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

黯淡相形见绌
adj
adj
adj
adj
苍白

The destruction caused by the volcanic explosion
o
f
M
ount St Helens
i
n
t
he
northwestern United States for example pales
i
n
c
omparison to the destruction caused
by humans

5
5
5
5 palace
palace
palace
palace [
[
[
[
5pAlIs
5pAlIs
5pAlIs
5pAlIs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
宫殿

Paxton＇s Crystal Palace designed to house the Great Exhibition
o
f
1851 c
overed
a
n
a
rea
o
f
1848 f
eet by 408 feet
i
n
pr
efabricated units
o
f
gl
ass set
i
n
i
ron frames

5
5
5
5 ore
ore
ore
ore [
[
[
[
C(r)
C(r)
C(r)
C(r)
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
矿石

Steam became the motive force
o
f
t
he Industrial Revolution as coal and iron ore were
the raw materials
．

5
5
5
5 or
bit
orbit
orbit
orbit [
[
[
[
5CbIt
5CbIt
5CbIt
5CbIt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
轨道
v

v
v
v
绕




轨
道行

As
a
c
omet＇s orbit brings
i
t
c
loser to the Sun first the coma grows then two distinct
tails usually form

5
5
5
5 optimal
optimal
optimal
optimal [
[
[
[
5DptImEl
5DptImEl
5DptImEl
5DptImEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
佳

But far from being random molt is controlled by strong evolutionary
forces that have established
a
n
opt
imal time and duration

5
5
5
5 notion
notion
notion
notion [
[
[
[
5nEJFEn
5nEJFEn
5nEJFEn
5nEJFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
概念想法

This may be one reason that many researchers have shied away from the notion
o
f
m
ind and consciousness
i
n
nonhum
an animals

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5
5
5
5 mule
mule
mule
mule [
[
[
[
mjul
mjul
mjul
mjul
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
杂交动物

It is more closely related to the mule deer
o
f
e
astern Washington than to other types o
f
de
er

5
5
5
5 mounds
mounds
mounds
mounds
（
mound[
mound[
mound[
mound[
maJnd
maJnd
maJnd
maJnd
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
堤

Most
o
f
t
hese early mound builders were part
o
f
t
he AdenaHopewell culture which
had its beginnings near the Ohio River and takes its name from sites
i
n
O
hio

5
5
5
5 monuments
monuments
monuments
monuments
（
monument[
monument[
monument[
monument[
5mDnjJmEnt
5mDnjJmEnt
5mDnjJmEnt
5mDnjJmEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
纪念碑
3
3
3
3 monumental
monumental
monumental
monumental [
[
[
[
7mDnjJ5mentl
7mDnjJ5mentl
7mDnjJ5mentl
7mDnjJ5mentl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
纪念碑

They could see the architectural monuments sculptures plays and poems that were
being rediscovered but they could not actually hear ancient musicalthough they could
read the writings
o
f
c
lassical philosophers poets essayists and music theorists that
were becoming available
i
n
t
ranslation

5
5
5
5 molded
molded
molded
molded
（
mold[
mold[
mold[
mold[
mEJld
mEJld
mEJld
mEJld
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
模子

Many
o
f
t
hese bodies resembled the reproductive structures
o
f
c
ommon molds single
celled animals and various other microbial cells
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
107
107
107
107
s
ystems that supply and regulate the activity
o
f
c
ardiac muscle smooth muscle and
many glands

5
5
5
5 pebbles
pebbles
pebbles
pebbles
（
pebble[
pebble[
pebble[
pebble[
5pebl
5pebl
5pebl
5pebl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
圆石

The water was always laden with pebbles gravel and sand known as glacial outwash
that was deposited as the flow slowed down

5
5
5
5 patches
patches
patches
patches
（
patch[
patch[
patch[
patch[
pAtF
pAtF
pAtF
pAtF
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
补钉块土
3
3
3
3 patchy
patchy
patchy
patchy [
[
[
[
5pAtFI
5pAtFI
5pAtFI
5pAtFI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
调

The most important remaining patches
o
f
s
crub lie along the Lake Wales Ridge
a
c
hain
o
f
pa
leoislands running for
a
hundr
ed miles down the center
o
f
F
lorida
i
n
m
ost
places less than
t
en
m
iles wide

5
5
5
5 parallel
parallel
parallel
parallel [
[
[
[
5pArElel
5pArElel
5pArElel
5pArElel
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
行相匹敌物
v

v
v
v






行




相

Woodcuts are created by
a
r
elief process first the artist takes
a
bl
ock
o
f
w
ood which
has been sawed parallel to the grain covers
i
t
w
ith
a
w
hite ground and then draws the
image
i
n
i
nk

5
5
5
5 pales
pales
pales
pales
（
pale[
pale[
pale[
pale[
peIl
peIl
peIl
peIl
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

黯淡相形见绌
adj
adj
adj
adj
苍白

The destruction caused by the volcanic explosion
o
f
M
ount St Helens
i
n
t
he
northwestern United States for example pales
i
n
c
omparison to the destruction caused
by humans

5
5
5
5 palace
palace
palace
palace [
[
[
[
5pAlIs
5pAlIs
5pAlIs
5pAlIs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
宫殿

Paxton＇s Crystal Palace designed to house the Great Exhibition
o
f
1851 c
overed
a
n
a
rea
o
f
1848 f
eet by 408 feet
i
n
pr
efabricated units
o
f
gl
ass set
i
n
i
ron frames

5
5
5
5 ore
ore
ore
ore [
[
[
[
C(r)
C(r)
C(r)
C(r)
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
矿石

Steam became the motive force
o
f
t
he Industrial Revolution as coal and iron ore were
the raw materials
．

5
5
5
5 or
bit
orbit
orbit
orbit [
[
[
[
5CbIt
5CbIt
5CbIt
5CbIt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
轨道
v

v
v
v
绕




轨
道行

As
a
c
omet＇s orbit brings
i
t
c
loser to the Sun first the coma grows then two distinct
tails usually form

5
5
5
5 optimal
optimal
optimal
optimal [
[
[
[
5DptImEl
5DptImEl
5DptImEl
5DptImEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
佳

But far from being random molt is controlled by strong evolutionary
forces that have established
a
n
opt
imal time and duration

5
5
5
5 notion
notion
notion
notion [
[
[
[
5nEJFEn
5nEJFEn
5nEJFEn
5nEJFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
概念想法

This may be one reason that many researchers have shied away from the notion
o
f
m
ind and consciousness
i
n
nonhum
an animals

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5
5
5
5 mule
mule
mule
mule [
[
[
[
mjul
mjul
mjul
mjul
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
杂交动物

It is more closely related to the mule deer
o
f
e
astern Washington than to other types o
f
de
er

5
5
5
5 mounds
mounds
mounds
mounds
（
mound[
mound[
mound[
mound[
maJnd
maJnd
maJnd
maJnd
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
堤

Most
o
f
t
hese early mound builders were part
o
f
t
he AdenaHopewell culture which
had its beginnings near the Ohio River and takes its name from sites
i
n
O
hio

5
5
5
5 monuments
monuments
monuments
monuments
（
monument[
monument[
monument[
monument[
5mDnjJmEnt
5mDnjJmEnt
5mDnjJmEnt
5mDnjJmEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
纪念碑
3
3
3
3 monumental
monumental
monumental
monumental [
[
[
[
7mDnjJ5mentl
7mDnjJ5mentl
7mDnjJ5mentl
7mDnjJ5mentl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
纪念碑

They could see the architectural monuments sculptures plays and poems that were
being rediscovered but they could not actually hear ancient musicalthough they could
read the writings
o
f
c
lassical philosophers poets essayists and music theorists that
were becoming available
i
n
t
ranslation

5
5
5
5 molded
molded
molded
molded
（
mold[
mold[
mold[
mold[
mEJld
mEJld
mEJld
mEJld
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
模子

Many
o
f
t
hese bodies resembled the reproductive structures
o
f
c
ommon molds single
celled animals and various other microbial cells
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
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红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
108
108
108
108
5
5
5
5 m
obility
mobility
mobility
mobility [
[
[
[
mEJ5bIlItI
mEJ5bIlItI
mEJ5bIlItI
mEJ5bIlItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
灵活性

Rapid industrialization and increased geographic mobility
i
n
t
he nineteenth century
had special implications for women because these tended to magnify social
distinctions

5
5
5
5 millennia
millennia
millennia
millennia [
[
[
[
mI`lenIE
mI`lenIE
mI`lenIE
mI`lenIE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
千禧年

Once the soil has been removed by erosion only the passage
o
f
c
enturies or millennia
will enable new soil to form

5
5
5
5 mature
mature
mature
mature [
[
[
[
mE5tjJE
mE5tjJE
mE5tjJE
mE5tjJE
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
成
熟
adj
adj
adj
adj
成熟

Probably the most important environmental factor is temperature for
i
f
t
he growing
season is too short and temperatures are too low tree shoots and buds cannot mature
sufficiently to survive the winter months

5
5
5
5 maritime
maritime
maritime
maritime [
[
[
[
5mArItaIm
5mArItaIm
5mArItaIm
5mArItaIm
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
海

The maritime life harvested by the women not only provided food but also supplied
more
o
f
t
he raw materials for making tools than did fish gathered by the men

5
5
5
5 maple
maple
maple
maple [
[
[
[
5meIpl
5meIpl
5meIpl
5meIpl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
枫枫木

According to Einarsen huckleberry and vine maple are examples
o
f
v
egetation that
may someday improve the nutrition
o
f
de
er
i
n
t
he open areas
o
f
t
he Pacific Northwest

5
5
5
5 m
agnesium
magnesium
magnesium
magnesium [
[
[
[
mA^5nizjEm
mA^5nizjEm
mA^5nizjEm
mA^5nizjEm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
镁

The evolution
o
f
t
he photoflash was slow flashbulbs containing fine wire made
o
f
a
m
etal such as magnesium or aluminum capable
o
f
be
ing ignited
i
n an
a
tmosphere
o
f
pur
e oxygen at low pressure were introduced only
i
n
t
he 1920
’
s


5
5
5
5 limbs
limbs
limbs
limbs
（
limb[
limb[
limb[
limb[
lIm
lIm
lIm
lIm
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
肢

Archaeopteryx were animals about the size
o
f
a
c
row with
a
n
a
rcheosaurian type
o
f
s
kull
a
l
ong neck
a
c
ompact body balanced
o
n
a
pa
ir
o
f
s
trong hind limbs and
a
l
ong
tail

5
5
5
5 laden
laden
laden
laden [
[
[
[
5leIdn
5leIdn
5leIdn
5leIdn
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
装满

The water was always laden with pebbles gravel and sand known as glacial outwash
that was deposited as the flow slowed down

5
5
5
5 invasion
invasion
invasion
invasion [
[
[
[
In5veIVEn
In5veIVEn
In5veIVEn
In5veIVEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
侵犯

T
o
t
ake
a
n
e
xtreme example farmlands dominated by
a
s
ingle crop are so unstable that
one year
o
f
ba
d weather or the invasion
o
f
a
s
ingle pest can destroy the entire crop

5
5
5
5 interstellar
interstellar
interstellar
interstellar [
[
[
[
5IntE()5stelE
5IntE()5stelE
5IntE()5stelE
5IntE()5stelE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
星际

Helium has been found In old stars
i
n
r
elatively young ones
i
n
i
nterstellar gas and
i
n
t
he distant objects known as quasars

5
5
5
5 interfere
interfere
interfere
interfere [
[
[
[
7IntE5fIE
7IntE5fIE
7IntE5fIE
7IntE5fIE
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
妨
碍抵触

Large wind farms might also interfere with the flight patterns
o
f
m
igratory birds
i
n
c
ertain areas and they have killed large birds
o
f
pr
ey (especially hawks falcons and
eagles) that prefer to hunt along the same ridge lines that are ideal for wind turbines

5
5
5
5 intercity
intercity
intercity
intercity adj
adj
adj
adj
城市间

Not only did buses largely replace trams and trolleys
i
n
ur
ban mass transit they also
opened up new avenues
o
f
i
ntercity travel both to those Americans who could not afford
cars and to those car owners who preferred to leave distance driving to others

5
5
5
5 intelligence
intelligence
intelligence
intelligence [
[
[
[
In5telIdVEns
In5telIdVEns
In5telIdVEns
In5telIdVEns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
智力
4
4
4
4 intelligent
intelligent
intelligent
intelligent [
[
[
[
In5telIdVEnt
In5telIdVEnt
In5telIdVEnt
In5telIdVEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
聪明

Most researchers assume that the ability to perform and encode the dance is innate and
shows no special intelligence

5
5
5
5 integrated
integrated
integrated
integrated
（
integrate[
integrate[
integrate[
integrate[
5IntI^reIt
5IntI^reIt
5IntI^reIt
5IntI^reIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

结合

At that point
i
n
t
ime medical schools started to become more interested
i
n
ha
ving their
curricula integrate nutritional concepts into the basic sciences
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
108
108
108
108
5
5
5
5 m
obility
mobility
mobility
mobility [
[
[
[
mEJ5bIlItI
mEJ5bIlItI
mEJ5bIlItI
mEJ5bIlItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
灵活性

Rapid industrialization and increased geographic mobility
i
n
t
he nineteenth century
had special implications for women because these tended to magnify social
distinctions

5
5
5
5 millennia
millennia
millennia
millennia [
[
[
[
mI`lenIE
mI`lenIE
mI`lenIE
mI`lenIE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
千禧年

Once the soil has been removed by erosion only the passage
o
f
c
enturies or millennia
will enable new soil to form

5
5
5
5 mature
mature
mature
mature [
[
[
[
mE5tjJE
mE5tjJE
mE5tjJE
mE5tjJE
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
成
熟
adj
adj
adj
adj
成熟

Probably the most important environmental factor is temperature for
i
f
t
he growing
season is too short and temperatures are too low tree shoots and buds cannot mature
sufficiently to survive the winter months

5
5
5
5 maritime
maritime
maritime
maritime [
[
[
[
5mArItaIm
5mArItaIm
5mArItaIm
5mArItaIm
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
海

The maritime life harvested by the women not only provided food but also supplied
more
o
f
t
he raw materials for making tools than did fish gathered by the men

5
5
5
5 maple
maple
maple
maple [
[
[
[
5meIpl
5meIpl
5meIpl
5meIpl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
枫枫木

According to Einarsen huckleberry and vine maple are examples
o
f
v
egetation that
may someday improve the nutrition
o
f
de
er
i
n
t
he open areas
o
f
t
he Pacific Northwest

5
5
5
5 m
agnesium
magnesium
magnesium
magnesium [
[
[
[
mA^5nizjEm
mA^5nizjEm
mA^5nizjEm
mA^5nizjEm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
镁

The evolution
o
f
t
he photoflash was slow flashbulbs containing fine wire made
o
f
a
m
etal such as magnesium or aluminum capable
o
f
be
ing ignited
i
n an
a
tmosphere
o
f
pur
e oxygen at low pressure were introduced only
i
n
t
he 1920
’
s


5
5
5
5 limbs
limbs
limbs
limbs
（
limb[
limb[
limb[
limb[
lIm
lIm
lIm
lIm
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
肢

Archaeopteryx were animals about the size
o
f
a
c
row with
a
n
a
rcheosaurian type
o
f
s
kull
a
l
ong neck
a
c
ompact body balanced
o
n
a
pa
ir
o
f
s
trong hind limbs and
a
l
ong
tail

5
5
5
5 laden
laden
laden
laden [
[
[
[
5leIdn
5leIdn
5leIdn
5leIdn
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
装满

The water was always laden with pebbles gravel and sand known as glacial outwash
that was deposited as the flow slowed down

5
5
5
5 invasion
invasion
invasion
invasion [
[
[
[
In5veIVEn
In5veIVEn
In5veIVEn
In5veIVEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
侵犯

T
o
t
ake
a
n
e
xtreme example farmlands dominated by
a
s
ingle crop are so unstable that
one year
o
f
ba
d weather or the invasion
o
f
a
s
ingle pest can destroy the entire crop

5
5
5
5 interstellar
interstellar
interstellar
interstellar [
[
[
[
5IntE()5stelE
5IntE()5stelE
5IntE()5stelE
5IntE()5stelE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
星际

Helium has been found In old stars
i
n
r
elatively young ones
i
n
i
nterstellar gas and
i
n
t
he distant objects known as quasars

5
5
5
5 interfere
interfere
interfere
interfere [
[
[
[
7IntE5fIE
7IntE5fIE
7IntE5fIE
7IntE5fIE
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
妨
碍抵触

Large wind farms might also interfere with the flight patterns
o
f
m
igratory birds
i
n
c
ertain areas and they have killed large birds
o
f
pr
ey (especially hawks falcons and
eagles) that prefer to hunt along the same ridge lines that are ideal for wind turbines

5
5
5
5 intercity
intercity
intercity
intercity adj
adj
adj
adj
城市间

Not only did buses largely replace trams and trolleys
i
n
ur
ban mass transit they also
opened up new avenues
o
f
i
ntercity travel both to those Americans who could not afford
cars and to those car owners who preferred to leave distance driving to others

5
5
5
5 intelligence
intelligence
intelligence
intelligence [
[
[
[
In5telIdVEns
In5telIdVEns
In5telIdVEns
In5telIdVEns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
智力
4
4
4
4 intelligent
intelligent
intelligent
intelligent [
[
[
[
In5telIdVEnt
In5telIdVEnt
In5telIdVEnt
In5telIdVEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
聪明

Most researchers assume that the ability to perform and encode the dance is innate and
shows no special intelligence

5
5
5
5 integrated
integrated
integrated
integrated
（
integrate[
integrate[
integrate[
integrate[
5IntI^reIt
5IntI^reIt
5IntI^reIt
5IntI^reIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

结合

At that point
i
n
t
ime medical schools started to become more interested
i
n
ha
ving their
curricula integrate nutritional concepts into the basic sciences
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
109
109
109
109
5
5
5
5 i
ntact
intact
intact
intact [
[
[
[
In5tAkt
In5tAkt
In5tAkt
In5tAkt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
完整

The illumination used socalled soft xrays
i
n
t
he wavelength range
o
f
t
wenty to forty
angstroms (an angstrom is one tenbillionth
o
f
a
m
eter) is also sufficiently penetrating
to image intact biological cells
i
n
m
any cases

5
5
5
5 insulation
insulation
insulation
insulation [
[
[
[
7InsjJ5leIFEn
7InsjJ5leIFEn
7InsjJ5leIFEn
7InsjJ5leIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
隔离孤立

Not until near the end
o
f
t
he nineteenth century did inventors achieve the delicate
balance
o
f
i
nsulation and circulation needed for
a
n
e
fficient icebox

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5
5
5
5 inscribed
inscribed
inscribed
inscribed
（
inscribe[
inscribe[
inscribe[
inscribe[
In5skraIb
In5skraIb
In5skraIb
In5skraIb
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
刻

B
ut
i
t
w
as not until the 1890＇s that archaeologists excavating
i
n
c
itystates well to the
south
o
f
N
ieveh found many thousands
o
f
t
ablets inscribed
i
n
S
umerian only

5
5
5
5 incursions
incursions
incursions
incursions
（
incursion[
incursion[
incursion[
incursion[
In5k＼FEn
In5k＼FEn
In5k＼FEn
In5k＼FEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
入侵

Tim incursions
o
f
I
ndoEuropean tribes into Old Europe from the late fifth to the early
third millennia BC caused
a
l
inguistic and cultural discontinuity

5
5
5
5 incomes
incomes
incomes
incomes
（
income[
income[
income[
income[
5InkEm
5InkEm
5InkEm
5InkEm
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
收入

By far the most appealing publishing investments were to be found
i
n
s
mall books that
had proven to be steady sellers providing
a
r
easonably reliable source
o
f
i
ncome for the
publisher

5
5
5
5 inclination
inclination
inclination
inclination [
[
[
[
7InklI5neIFEn
7InklI5neIFEn
7InklI5neIFEn
7InklI5neIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
倾

Despite Andrew Jackson＇s inclination to be
a
s
trong President Democrats as
a
r
ule
believed
i
n
l
imited government

5
5
5
5 incentive
incentive
incentive
incentive [
[
[
[
In5sentIv
In5sentIv
In5sentIv
In5sentIv
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
动机

The incentive
o
f
t
he farmers who wish to conserve water is reduced by their
knowledge that many
o
f
t
heir neighbors are profiting by using great amounts
o
f
w
ater
and
i
n
t
he process are drawing down the entire region
’
s
w
ater supplies

5
5
5
5 hemlock
hemlock
hemlock
hemlock [
[
[
[
5hemlDk
5hemlDk
5hemlDk
5hemlDk
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
铁杉

Even more shadetolerant species
o
f
t
rees such as hemlock may remain badly
suppressed beneath aggressive young alders

5
5
5
5 hemispheres
hemispheres
hemispheres
hemispheres
（
hemisphere[
hemisphere[
hemisphere[
hemisphere[
5hemIsfIE
5hemIsfIE
5hemIsfIE
5hemIsfIE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
脑半球球半球

The variation between the hemispheres corresponds to which side
o
f
t
he body is used
to perform specific activities

5
5
5
5 hawks
hawks
hawks
hawks
（
hawk[
hawk[
hawk[
hawk[
hCk
hCk
hCk
hCk
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
鹰

Hawks falcons and eagles prefer to hunt along ridge lines where wind turbines can
kill large numbers
o
f
m
igratory birds

5
5
5
5 glowing
glowing
glowing
glowing
（
glow[
glow[
glow[
glow[
^lEJ
^lEJ
^lEJ
^lEJ
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
发
红光发热

Viewed from outer space auroras can be seen as dimly glowing belts wrapped around
each
o
f
t
he Earth＇s magnetic poles

5
5
5
5 genetically
genetically
genetically
genetically
[
[
[
[
dVI5netIkEllI
dVI5netIkEllI
dVI5netIkEllI
dVI5netIkEllI
]
]
]
]
adv
adv
adv
adv
遗传学角度

In fact throughout the animal kingdom from sponges to certain types
o
f
w
orms
shellfish and
a
ll
v
ertebrates (creatures possessing
a
s
pinal column) there is evidence
that transplants
o
f
c
ells or fragments
o
f
t
issues into
a
n
a
nimal are accepted only
i
f
t
hey
come from genetically compatible or closely related individuals

5
5
5
5 fungal
fungal
fungal
fungal adj
adj
adj
adj
真菌

Based upon Hazen＇s previous research at Columbia University where she had built a
n
i
mpressive collection
o
f
f
ungus cultures both were convinced that
a
n
a
ntifungal
organism already existed
i
n
c
ertain soils

5
5
5
5 frozen
frozen
frozen
frozen [
[
[
[
5frEJzn
5frEJzn
5frEJzn
5frEJzn
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
冰冻

As
a
r
esult its clouds which are composed largely
o
f
f
rozen and liquid ammonia have
been whipped into alternating dark and bright bands that circle the planet at different老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
109
109
109
109
5
5
5
5 i
ntact
intact
intact
intact [
[
[
[
In5tAkt
In5tAkt
In5tAkt
In5tAkt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
完整

The illumination used socalled soft xrays
i
n
t
he wavelength range
o
f
t
wenty to forty
angstroms (an angstrom is one tenbillionth
o
f
a
m
eter) is also sufficiently penetrating
to image intact biological cells
i
n
m
any cases

5
5
5
5 insulation
insulation
insulation
insulation [
[
[
[
7InsjJ5leIFEn
7InsjJ5leIFEn
7InsjJ5leIFEn
7InsjJ5leIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
隔离孤立

Not until near the end
o
f
t
he nineteenth century did inventors achieve the delicate
balance
o
f
i
nsulation and circulation needed for
a
n
e
fficient icebox

老师
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：
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留学英语前线
5
5
5
5 inscribed
inscribed
inscribed
inscribed
（
inscribe[
inscribe[
inscribe[
inscribe[
In5skraIb
In5skraIb
In5skraIb
In5skraIb
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
刻

B
ut
i
t
w
as not until the 1890＇s that archaeologists excavating
i
n
c
itystates well to the
south
o
f
N
ieveh found many thousands
o
f
t
ablets inscribed
i
n
S
umerian only

5
5
5
5 incursions
incursions
incursions
incursions
（
incursion[
incursion[
incursion[
incursion[
In5k＼FEn
In5k＼FEn
In5k＼FEn
In5k＼FEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
入侵

Tim incursions
o
f
I
ndoEuropean tribes into Old Europe from the late fifth to the early
third millennia BC caused
a
l
inguistic and cultural discontinuity

5
5
5
5 incomes
incomes
incomes
incomes
（
income[
income[
income[
income[
5InkEm
5InkEm
5InkEm
5InkEm
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
收入

By far the most appealing publishing investments were to be found
i
n
s
mall books that
had proven to be steady sellers providing
a
r
easonably reliable source
o
f
i
ncome for the
publisher

5
5
5
5 inclination
inclination
inclination
inclination [
[
[
[
7InklI5neIFEn
7InklI5neIFEn
7InklI5neIFEn
7InklI5neIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
倾

Despite Andrew Jackson＇s inclination to be
a
s
trong President Democrats as
a
r
ule
believed
i
n
l
imited government

5
5
5
5 incentive
incentive
incentive
incentive [
[
[
[
In5sentIv
In5sentIv
In5sentIv
In5sentIv
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
动机

The incentive
o
f
t
he farmers who wish to conserve water is reduced by their
knowledge that many
o
f
t
heir neighbors are profiting by using great amounts
o
f
w
ater
and
i
n
t
he process are drawing down the entire region
’
s
w
ater supplies

5
5
5
5 hemlock
hemlock
hemlock
hemlock [
[
[
[
5hemlDk
5hemlDk
5hemlDk
5hemlDk
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
铁杉

Even more shadetolerant species
o
f
t
rees such as hemlock may remain badly
suppressed beneath aggressive young alders

5
5
5
5 hemispheres
hemispheres
hemispheres
hemispheres
（
hemisphere[
hemisphere[
hemisphere[
hemisphere[
5hemIsfIE
5hemIsfIE
5hemIsfIE
5hemIsfIE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
脑半球球半球

The variation between the hemispheres corresponds to which side
o
f
t
he body is used
to perform specific activities

5
5
5
5 hawks
hawks
hawks
hawks
（
hawk[
hawk[
hawk[
hawk[
hCk
hCk
hCk
hCk
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
鹰

Hawks falcons and eagles prefer to hunt along ridge lines where wind turbines can
kill large numbers
o
f
m
igratory birds

5
5
5
5 glowing
glowing
glowing
glowing
（
glow[
glow[
glow[
glow[
^lEJ
^lEJ
^lEJ
^lEJ
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
发
红光发热

Viewed from outer space auroras can be seen as dimly glowing belts wrapped around
each
o
f
t
he Earth＇s magnetic poles

5
5
5
5 genetically
genetically
genetically
genetically
[
[
[
[
dVI5netIkEllI
dVI5netIkEllI
dVI5netIkEllI
dVI5netIkEllI
]
]
]
]
adv
adv
adv
adv
遗传学角度

In fact throughout the animal kingdom from sponges to certain types
o
f
w
orms
shellfish and
a
ll
v
ertebrates (creatures possessing
a
s
pinal column) there is evidence
that transplants
o
f
c
ells or fragments
o
f
t
issues into
a
n
a
nimal are accepted only
i
f
t
hey
come from genetically compatible or closely related individuals

5
5
5
5 fungal
fungal
fungal
fungal adj
adj
adj
adj
真菌

Based upon Hazen＇s previous research at Columbia University where she had built a
n
i
mpressive collection
o
f
f
ungus cultures both were convinced that
a
n
a
ntifungal
organism already existed
i
n
c
ertain soils

5
5
5
5 frozen
frozen
frozen
frozen [
[
[
[
5frEJzn
5frEJzn
5frEJzn
5frEJzn
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
冰冻

As
a
r
esult its clouds which are composed largely
o
f
f
rozen and liquid ammonia have
been whipped into alternating dark and bright bands that circle the planet at different老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
110
110
110
110
s
peeds
i
n
di
fferent latitudes

5
5
5
5 foul
foul
foul
foul [
[
[
[
faJl
faJl
faJl
faJl
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
弄
脏
adj
adj
adj
adj
污秽

Offshore platforms may also lose oil creating
o
il
s
licks that drift ashore and foul the
beaches harming the environment

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
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5
5
5
5 formidable
formidable
formidable
formidable [
[
[
[
5fCmIdEbl
5fCmIdEbl
5fCmIdEbl
5fCmIdEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
强怕

Hubbard
’
s
s
urge closed
o
ff
R
ussell Fiord with
a
f
ormidable ice dam some 2500 feet
wide and up to 800 feet high whose caged waters threatened the town
o
f
Y
akutat to the
south

5
5
5
5 feasible
feasible
feasible
feasible [
[
[
[
5fizEbl
5fizEbl
5fizEbl
5fizEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
行

Buildings contribute to human life when they provide shelter enrich space
complement their site suit the climate and are economically feasible

5
5
5
5 exclusively
exclusively
exclusively
exclusively [
[
[
[
Ik5sklusIvlI
Ik5sklusIvlI
Ik5sklusIvlI
Ik5sklusIvlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
排外

The Ediacara fossil formation which contains the oldest known animal fossils
consists exclusively
o
f
s
oftbodied forms

5
5
5
5 exchange
exchange
exchange
exchange [
[
[
[
Iks5tFeIndV
Iks5tFeIndV
Iks5tFeIndV
Iks5tFeIndV
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
交
换交易

W
ith
onl
y an apprentice as
a
n
a
ssistant the rural artisan provided the neighborhood
with common goods from furniture to shoes to farm equipment
i
n
e
xchange for cash or
for goods
i
n
ki
nd from the customer
’
s
f
ield pasture or dairy

5
5
5
5 ethology
ethology
ethology
ethology n
n
n
n
动物行学
4
4
4
4 ethological
ethological
ethological
ethological adj
adj
adj
adj
动物行学

Ethology is concerned with the study
o
f
a
daptive or survival value
o
f
be
havior and its
Evolutionary history

5
5
5
5 epoch
epoch
epoch
epoch [
[
[
[
5ipDk 5epDk
5ipDk 5epDk
5ipDk 5epDk
5ipDk 5epDk
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
新纪元时代

An important controversy centering
o
n
t
he question
o
f
hum
an effects
o
n
pr
ehistoric
wildlife concerns the sudden disappearance
o
f
s
o many species
o
f
l
arge animals at or
near the end
o
f
t
he Pleistocene epoch

5
5
5
5 enthusiastic
enthusiastic
enthusiastic
enthusiastic [
[
[
[
In7WjuzI5AstIk
In7WjuzI5AstIk
In7WjuzI5AstIk
In7WjuzI5AstIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
狂热
4
4
4
4 enthusiasm
enthusiasm
enthusiasm
enthusiasm [
[
[
[
In5WjuzIAzEm
In5WjuzIAzEm
In5WjuzIAzEm
In5WjuzIAzEm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
狂热

Newspaper publishers
i
n
t
he United States have long been enthusiastic users and
distributors
o
f
w
eather maps

5
5
5
5 endless
endless
endless
endless [
[
[
[
5endlIs
5endlIs
5endlIs
5endlIs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
停

Some visitors from the east coast were dismayed at the endless urban sprawl and
dismissed Los Angeles as
a
m
ere collection
o
f
s
uburbs
i
n
s
earch
o
f
a
c
ity

5
5
5
5 dull
dull
dull
dull [
[
[
[
dQl
dQl
dQl
dQl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
黯淡枯燥味

However after 1885 with the high gloss
o
f
t
he experiment dulled
i
t
be
came clear tha
t
t
he residents
o
f
P
ullman had honest grievances about the overcharging
o
f
r
ent and other
services

5
5
5
5 drastically
drastically
drastically
drastically
[
[
[
[
5drAstIklI
5drAstIklI
5drAstIklI
5drAstIklI
]
]
]
]
adv
adv
adv
adv


Their uplift was completed some 289 million years ago and they have been drastically
eroded ever since

5
5
5
5 dozen
dozen
dozen
dozen [
[
[
[
5dQzn
5dQzn
5dQzn
5dQzn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
十二

Tens
o
f
t
housands
o
f
r
ural women paid according to the amount they produced
fabricated the uppers
o
f
s
hoes which were bound to the soles by wageearning
journeymen shoemakers
i
n
doz
ens
o
f
m
assachusetts towns whereas previously
journeymen would have made the enure shoe

5
5
5
5 disseminated
disseminated
disseminated
disseminated
（
disseminate[
disseminate[
disseminate[
disseminate[
dI5semIneIt
dI5semIneIt
dI5semIneIt
dI5semIneIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
散
播

Hollywood not only supplied jobs
i
t
di
sseminated
a
n
i
mage
o
f
t
he good life
i
n
S
outhern California
o
n
s
creens
a
ll
a
cross the nation
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
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：
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wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
110
110
110
110
s
peeds
i
n
di
fferent latitudes

5
5
5
5 foul
foul
foul
foul [
[
[
[
faJl
faJl
faJl
faJl
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
弄
脏
adj
adj
adj
adj
污秽

Offshore platforms may also lose oil creating
o
il
s
licks that drift ashore and foul the
beaches harming the environment

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
5
5
5
5 formidable
formidable
formidable
formidable [
[
[
[
5fCmIdEbl
5fCmIdEbl
5fCmIdEbl
5fCmIdEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
强怕

Hubbard
’
s
s
urge closed
o
ff
R
ussell Fiord with
a
f
ormidable ice dam some 2500 feet
wide and up to 800 feet high whose caged waters threatened the town
o
f
Y
akutat to the
south

5
5
5
5 feasible
feasible
feasible
feasible [
[
[
[
5fizEbl
5fizEbl
5fizEbl
5fizEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
行

Buildings contribute to human life when they provide shelter enrich space
complement their site suit the climate and are economically feasible

5
5
5
5 exclusively
exclusively
exclusively
exclusively [
[
[
[
Ik5sklusIvlI
Ik5sklusIvlI
Ik5sklusIvlI
Ik5sklusIvlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
排外

The Ediacara fossil formation which contains the oldest known animal fossils
consists exclusively
o
f
s
oftbodied forms

5
5
5
5 exchange
exchange
exchange
exchange [
[
[
[
Iks5tFeIndV
Iks5tFeIndV
Iks5tFeIndV
Iks5tFeIndV
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
交
换交易

W
ith
onl
y an apprentice as
a
n
a
ssistant the rural artisan provided the neighborhood
with common goods from furniture to shoes to farm equipment
i
n
e
xchange for cash or
for goods
i
n
ki
nd from the customer
’
s
f
ield pasture or dairy

5
5
5
5 ethology
ethology
ethology
ethology n
n
n
n
动物行学
4
4
4
4 ethological
ethological
ethological
ethological adj
adj
adj
adj
动物行学

Ethology is concerned with the study
o
f
a
daptive or survival value
o
f
be
havior and its
Evolutionary history

5
5
5
5 epoch
epoch
epoch
epoch [
[
[
[
5ipDk 5epDk
5ipDk 5epDk
5ipDk 5epDk
5ipDk 5epDk
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
新纪元时代

An important controversy centering
o
n
t
he question
o
f
hum
an effects
o
n
pr
ehistoric
wildlife concerns the sudden disappearance
o
f
s
o many species
o
f
l
arge animals at or
near the end
o
f
t
he Pleistocene epoch

5
5
5
5 enthusiastic
enthusiastic
enthusiastic
enthusiastic [
[
[
[
In7WjuzI5AstIk
In7WjuzI5AstIk
In7WjuzI5AstIk
In7WjuzI5AstIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
狂热
4
4
4
4 enthusiasm
enthusiasm
enthusiasm
enthusiasm [
[
[
[
In5WjuzIAzEm
In5WjuzIAzEm
In5WjuzIAzEm
In5WjuzIAzEm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
狂热

Newspaper publishers
i
n
t
he United States have long been enthusiastic users and
distributors
o
f
w
eather maps

5
5
5
5 endless
endless
endless
endless [
[
[
[
5endlIs
5endlIs
5endlIs
5endlIs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
停

Some visitors from the east coast were dismayed at the endless urban sprawl and
dismissed Los Angeles as
a
m
ere collection
o
f
s
uburbs
i
n
s
earch
o
f
a
c
ity

5
5
5
5 dull
dull
dull
dull [
[
[
[
dQl
dQl
dQl
dQl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
黯淡枯燥味

However after 1885 with the high gloss
o
f
t
he experiment dulled
i
t
be
came clear tha
t
t
he residents
o
f
P
ullman had honest grievances about the overcharging
o
f
r
ent and other
services

5
5
5
5 drastically
drastically
drastically
drastically
[
[
[
[
5drAstIklI
5drAstIklI
5drAstIklI
5drAstIklI
]
]
]
]
adv
adv
adv
adv


Their uplift was completed some 289 million years ago and they have been drastically
eroded ever since

5
5
5
5 dozen
dozen
dozen
dozen [
[
[
[
5dQzn
5dQzn
5dQzn
5dQzn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
十二

Tens
o
f
t
housands
o
f
r
ural women paid according to the amount they produced
fabricated the uppers
o
f
s
hoes which were bound to the soles by wageearning
journeymen shoemakers
i
n
doz
ens
o
f
m
assachusetts towns whereas previously
journeymen would have made the enure shoe

5
5
5
5 disseminated
disseminated
disseminated
disseminated
（
disseminate[
disseminate[
disseminate[
disseminate[
dI5semIneIt
dI5semIneIt
dI5semIneIt
dI5semIneIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
散
播

Hollywood not only supplied jobs
i
t
di
sseminated
a
n
i
mage
o
f
t
he good life
i
n
S
outhern California
o
n
s
creens
a
ll
a
cross the nation
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
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Blog
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Blog
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留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
1
11
111
111
111
5
5
5
5 d
iminished
diminished
diminished
diminished
（
diminish[
diminish[
diminish[
diminish[
dI5mInIF
dI5mInIF
dI5mInIF
dI5mInIF
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
减
少

During the dry periods that are common phenomena along the desert margins though
the pressure
o
n
t
he land is often far
i
n
e
xcess
o
f
i
ts diminished capacity and
desertification results

5
5
5
5 deterioration
deterioration
deterioration
deterioration [
[
[
[
dI7tIErIE5reIFEn
dI7tIErIE5reIFEn
dI7tIErIE5reIFEn
dI7tIErIE5reIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
恶化

In areas where considerable soil still remains though
a
r
igorously enforced program
o
f
l
and protection and covercrop planting may make
i
t
pos
sible to reverse the present
deterioration
o
f
t
he surface

5
5
5
5 descendants
descendants
descendants
descendants
（
descendant[
descendant[
descendant[
descendant[
dI5send(E)nt
dI5send(E)nt
dI5send(E)nt
dI5send(E)nt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
代

At one time the animals present
i
n
t
hese fossil beds were assigned to various modern
animal groups but most paleontologists now agree that
a
ll
T
ommotian fossils represent
unique body forms that arose
i
n
t
he early Cambrian period and disappeared before the
end
o
f
t
he period leaving no descendants
i
n
m
odern animal groups

5
5
5
5 crabs
crabs
crabs
crabs
（
crab[
crab[
crab[
crab[
krAb
krAb
krAb
krAb
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
螃蟹

For example
a
w
ellknown Burgess Shale animal called Sidneyia is
a
r
epresentative
o
f
a
pr
eviously unknown group
o
f
a
rthropods
(
a
c
ategory
o
f
a
nimals that includes insects
spiders mites and crabs)

5
5
5
5 council
council
council
council [
[
[
[
5kaJnsIl
5kaJnsIl
5kaJnsIl
5kaJnsIl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
会议

In November
o
f
1903 t
he city council
o
f
S
eattle adopted the Olmsted Report and
i
t
a
utomatically became the master plan for the city＇s park system

5
5
5
5 convince
convince
convince
convince [
[
[
[
kEn5vIns
kEn5vIns
kEn5vIns
kEn5vIns
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v

相信

Few farmers are convinced that the aquifer will eventually run dry

5
5
5
5 convenient
convenient
convenient
convenient [
[
[
[
kEn5vinjEnt
kEn5vinjEnt
kEn5vinjEnt
kEn5vinjEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
方便
3
3
3
3 convenience
convenience
convenience
convenience [
[
[
[
kEn5vinjEns
kEn5vinjEns
kEn5vinjEns
kEn5vinjEns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
方便

News publishers threatened by increased competition from television for readers＇
attention sought to package the news more conveniently and attractively

5
5
5
5 contraction
contraction
contraction
contraction [
[
[
[
kEn5trAkFEn
kEn5trAkFEn
kEn5trAkFEn
kEn5trAkFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
收缩

The contraction
o
f
f
acial muscles both influences the internal emotional state and
reflects it

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Blog
：
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留学英语前线
5
5
5
5 complained
complained
complained
complained
（
complain[
complain[
complain[
complain[
kEm5pleIn
kEm5pleIn
kEm5pleIn
kEm5pleIn
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
抱
怨

One mill worker who finally quit complained revealingly about obedience to the
dingdong
o
f
t
he belljust as though we are so many living machines

5
5
5
5 compensation
compensation
compensation
compensation [
[
[
[
kDmpen5seIFEn
kDmpen5seIFEn
kDmpen5seIFEn
kDmpen5seIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
补偿
5
5
5
5 compensate
compensate
compensate
compensate [
[
[
[
5kDmpEnseIt
5kDmpEnseIt
5kDmpEnseIt
5kDmpEnseIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
补
偿

They were compensation for the loss
o
f
a
n
ov
erseas supplier

5
5
5
5 commonplace
commonplace
commonplace
commonplace [
[
[
[
5kDmEnpleIs
5kDmEnpleIs
5kDmEnpleIs
5kDmEnpleIs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj


In the years leading up to the First World
W
ar
t
he realist tradition
i
n
t
he United States
was given new life within the ranks
o
f
t
he socalled Ashcan School
a
t
erm that loosely
describes
a
gr
oup
o
f
a
rtists
i
n
N
ew
Y
ork
w
ho favored as the name implies
commonplace subjects even ones that emphasized the seedy aspects
o
f
da
ily life

5
5
5
5 commodities
commodities
commodities
commodities
（
commodity[
commodity[
commodity[
commodity[
kE5mDdItI
kE5mDdItI
kE5mDdItI
kE5mDdItI
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
物品商品

Advertising was generally confined to the back pages and simply listed commodities
received by local stores

5
5
5
5 combustible
combustible
combustible
combustible [
[
[
[
kEm5bQstEbl
kEm5bQstEbl
kEm5bQstEbl
kEm5bQstEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
燃
4
4
4
4 combustion
combustion
combustion
combustion [
[
[
[
kEm5bQstFEn
kEm5bQstFEn
kEm5bQstFEn
kEm5bQstFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
燃烧

When the air had become saturated no additional amounts
o
f
phl
ogiston could leave
the combustible substance and the burning would stop

5
5
5
5 cohesive
cohesive
cohesive
cohesive [
[
[
[
kEJ5hisIv
kEJ5hisIv
kEJ5hisIv
kEJ5hisIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
粘着
5
5
5
5 cohesion
cohesion
cohesion
cohesion [
[
[
[
kEJ5hiVEn
kEJ5hiVEn
kEJ5hiVEn
kEJ5hiVEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
结合老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
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wwwibtsatcom
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师
Blog
Blog
Blog
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：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
1
11
111
111
111
5
5
5
5 d
iminished
diminished
diminished
diminished
（
diminish[
diminish[
diminish[
diminish[
dI5mInIF
dI5mInIF
dI5mInIF
dI5mInIF
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
减
少

During the dry periods that are common phenomena along the desert margins though
the pressure
o
n
t
he land is often far
i
n
e
xcess
o
f
i
ts diminished capacity and
desertification results

5
5
5
5 deterioration
deterioration
deterioration
deterioration [
[
[
[
dI7tIErIE5reIFEn
dI7tIErIE5reIFEn
dI7tIErIE5reIFEn
dI7tIErIE5reIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
恶化

In areas where considerable soil still remains though
a
r
igorously enforced program
o
f
l
and protection and covercrop planting may make
i
t
pos
sible to reverse the present
deterioration
o
f
t
he surface

5
5
5
5 descendants
descendants
descendants
descendants
（
descendant[
descendant[
descendant[
descendant[
dI5send(E)nt
dI5send(E)nt
dI5send(E)nt
dI5send(E)nt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
代

At one time the animals present
i
n
t
hese fossil beds were assigned to various modern
animal groups but most paleontologists now agree that
a
ll
T
ommotian fossils represent
unique body forms that arose
i
n
t
he early Cambrian period and disappeared before the
end
o
f
t
he period leaving no descendants
i
n
m
odern animal groups

5
5
5
5 crabs
crabs
crabs
crabs
（
crab[
crab[
crab[
crab[
krAb
krAb
krAb
krAb
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
螃蟹

For example
a
w
ellknown Burgess Shale animal called Sidneyia is
a
r
epresentative
o
f
a
pr
eviously unknown group
o
f
a
rthropods
(
a
c
ategory
o
f
a
nimals that includes insects
spiders mites and crabs)

5
5
5
5 council
council
council
council [
[
[
[
5kaJnsIl
5kaJnsIl
5kaJnsIl
5kaJnsIl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
会议

In November
o
f
1903 t
he city council
o
f
S
eattle adopted the Olmsted Report and
i
t
a
utomatically became the master plan for the city＇s park system

5
5
5
5 convince
convince
convince
convince [
[
[
[
kEn5vIns
kEn5vIns
kEn5vIns
kEn5vIns
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v

相信

Few farmers are convinced that the aquifer will eventually run dry

5
5
5
5 convenient
convenient
convenient
convenient [
[
[
[
kEn5vinjEnt
kEn5vinjEnt
kEn5vinjEnt
kEn5vinjEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
方便
3
3
3
3 convenience
convenience
convenience
convenience [
[
[
[
kEn5vinjEns
kEn5vinjEns
kEn5vinjEns
kEn5vinjEns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
方便

News publishers threatened by increased competition from television for readers＇
attention sought to package the news more conveniently and attractively

5
5
5
5 contraction
contraction
contraction
contraction [
[
[
[
kEn5trAkFEn
kEn5trAkFEn
kEn5trAkFEn
kEn5trAkFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
收缩

The contraction
o
f
f
acial muscles both influences the internal emotional state and
reflects it

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
5
5
5
5 complained
complained
complained
complained
（
complain[
complain[
complain[
complain[
kEm5pleIn
kEm5pleIn
kEm5pleIn
kEm5pleIn
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
抱
怨

One mill worker who finally quit complained revealingly about obedience to the
dingdong
o
f
t
he belljust as though we are so many living machines

5
5
5
5 compensation
compensation
compensation
compensation [
[
[
[
kDmpen5seIFEn
kDmpen5seIFEn
kDmpen5seIFEn
kDmpen5seIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
补偿
5
5
5
5 compensate
compensate
compensate
compensate [
[
[
[
5kDmpEnseIt
5kDmpEnseIt
5kDmpEnseIt
5kDmpEnseIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
补
偿

They were compensation for the loss
o
f
a
n
ov
erseas supplier

5
5
5
5 commonplace
commonplace
commonplace
commonplace [
[
[
[
5kDmEnpleIs
5kDmEnpleIs
5kDmEnpleIs
5kDmEnpleIs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj


In the years leading up to the First World
W
ar
t
he realist tradition
i
n
t
he United States
was given new life within the ranks
o
f
t
he socalled Ashcan School
a
t
erm that loosely
describes
a
gr
oup
o
f
a
rtists
i
n
N
ew
Y
ork
w
ho favored as the name implies
commonplace subjects even ones that emphasized the seedy aspects
o
f
da
ily life

5
5
5
5 commodities
commodities
commodities
commodities
（
commodity[
commodity[
commodity[
commodity[
kE5mDdItI
kE5mDdItI
kE5mDdItI
kE5mDdItI
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
物品商品

Advertising was generally confined to the back pages and simply listed commodities
received by local stores

5
5
5
5 combustible
combustible
combustible
combustible [
[
[
[
kEm5bQstEbl
kEm5bQstEbl
kEm5bQstEbl
kEm5bQstEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
燃
4
4
4
4 combustion
combustion
combustion
combustion [
[
[
[
kEm5bQstFEn
kEm5bQstFEn
kEm5bQstFEn
kEm5bQstFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
燃烧

When the air had become saturated no additional amounts
o
f
phl
ogiston could leave
the combustible substance and the burning would stop

5
5
5
5 cohesive
cohesive
cohesive
cohesive [
[
[
[
kEJ5hisIv
kEJ5hisIv
kEJ5hisIv
kEJ5hisIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
粘着
5
5
5
5 cohesion
cohesion
cohesion
cohesion [
[
[
[
kEJ5hiVEn
kEJ5hiVEn
kEJ5hiVEn
kEJ5hiVEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
结合老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
112
112
112
112

T
he cohesive political and social organization
o
f
t
he Anasazi made
i
t
a
lmost
impossible for other groups to conquer them

5
5
5
5 centralized
centralized
centralized
centralized
（
centralize[]
centralize[]
centralize[]
centralize[]
）
v

v
v
v

…
…
…
…
集
中中央

This new form
o
f
m
anufacturing depended
o
n
t
he movement
o
f
goods t
o distant
locations and
a
c
entralized source
o
f
l
aborers

5
5
5
5 cemented
cemented
cemented
cemented
（
cement[
cement[
cement[
cement[
sI5ment
sI5ment
sI5ment
sI5ment
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
水泥
v

v
v
v
接
合

This is because the gaps among the original grains are often not totally plugged with
cementing chemicals also parts
o
f
t
he original grains may become dissolved by
percolating groundwater either while consolidation is taking place or at any time
afterwards

5
5
5
5 buds
buds
buds
buds
（
bud[
bud[
bud[
bud[
bQd
bQd
bQd
bQd
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
花蕾

Rich
i
n
s
ymbolic overtones the beautifully painted objects carry additional meanings
：
bu
tterflies or fallen buds suggest the impermanence
o
f
l
ife
a
bi
rd＇s nest with eggs means
fertility and so on

5
5
5
5 broadsides
broadsides
broadsides
broadsides
（
broadside
broadside
broadside
broadside
）
n
n
n
n
舷侧

In addition to broadsides books and pamphlets consisting mainly
o
f
pol
itical tracts
catechisms primers and chapbooks were relatively inexpensive to print and to buy

5
5
5
5 brilliance
brilliance
brilliance
brilliance [
[
[
[
`brIljEns
`brIljEns
`brIljEns
`brIljEns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
光辉

Now scientists have data from satellites and groundbased observations from which
we know that the aurora brilliance is
a
n
i
mmense electrical discharge similar to that
occurring
i
n
a
ne
on sign

5
5
5
5 botanical
botanical
botanical
botanical [
[
[
[
bE5tAnIk(E)l
bE5tAnIk(E)l
bE5tAnIk(E)l
bE5tAnIk(E)l
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
植物学
4
4
4
4 botanists
botanists
botanists
botanists
（
botanist[
botanist[
botanist[
botanist[
`bDtEnIst
`bDtEnIst
`bDtEnIst
`bDtEnIst
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
植物学家

In eighteenthcentury colonial America flowers and fruit were typically the province
o
f
t
he botanical artist interested
i
n
s
cientific illustration rather than being the subjects
o
f
f
ine art

5
5
5
5 biotic
biotic
biotic
biotic adj
adj
adj
adj
生物

As
a
c
onsequence they are perhaps the best group
o
f
i
nsects for examining patterns o
f
t
errestrial biotic diversity and distribution

5
5
5
5 assigned
assigned
assigned
assigned
（
assign[
assign[
assign[
assign[
E5saIn
E5saIn
E5saIn
E5saIn
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
分
派分配

While animal fossils from before the Cambrian explosion have no modern
descendants many animals that evolved during the Cambrian explosion can be assigned
to modern groups

5
5
5
5 archaic
archaic
archaic
archaic [
[
[
[
B5keIIk
B5keIIk
B5keIIk
B5keIIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
古代

By the end
o
f
t
he Archaic era people
i
n
e
astern North America had domesticated
certain native plants including sunflowers weeds called goosefoot sumpweed or
marsh elder and squash or gourds
o
f
s
ome kind

老师
Blog
：
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留学英语前线
5
5
5
5 arbitrary
arbitrary
arbitrary
arbitrary [
[
[
[
5BbItrErI
5BbItrErI
5BbItrErI
5BbItrErI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
专制

The general form
o
f
a
ppliedart objects is limited by some arbitrary decision that is not
determined by the laws
o
f
ph
ysics

5
5
5
5 alien
alien
alien
alien [
[
[
[
5eIljEn
5eIljEn
5eIljEn
5eIljEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
外国外星

An alien exploring Earth would probably give priority to the planet＇s dominants most
distinctive featurethe ocean

5
5
5
5 accomplished
accomplished
accomplished
accomplished
（
accomplish[
accomplish[
accomplish[
accomplish[
E5kDmplIF
E5kDmplIF
E5kDmplIF
E5kDmplIF
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
实
现完成

Desertification is accomplis hed primarily through the loss
o
f
s
tabilizing natural
vegetation and the subsequent accelerated erosion
o
f
t
he soil by wind and water

4
4
4
4 worms
worms
worms
worms
（
worm[
worm[
worm[
worm[
w＼m
w＼m
w＼m
w＼m
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
蠕虫

Organisms that lack hard parts such as worms and jelly fish have left
a
m
eager
geologic record
老
师
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红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
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词汇红宝书
112
112
112
112

T
he cohesive political and social organization
o
f
t
he Anasazi made
i
t
a
lmost
impossible for other groups to conquer them

5
5
5
5 centralized
centralized
centralized
centralized
（
centralize[]
centralize[]
centralize[]
centralize[]
）
v

v
v
v

…
…
…
…
集
中中央

This new form
o
f
m
anufacturing depended
o
n
t
he movement
o
f
goods t
o distant
locations and
a
c
entralized source
o
f
l
aborers

5
5
5
5 cemented
cemented
cemented
cemented
（
cement[
cement[
cement[
cement[
sI5ment
sI5ment
sI5ment
sI5ment
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
水泥
v

v
v
v
接
合

This is because the gaps among the original grains are often not totally plugged with
cementing chemicals also parts
o
f
t
he original grains may become dissolved by
percolating groundwater either while consolidation is taking place or at any time
afterwards

5
5
5
5 buds
buds
buds
buds
（
bud[
bud[
bud[
bud[
bQd
bQd
bQd
bQd
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
花蕾

Rich
i
n
s
ymbolic overtones the beautifully painted objects carry additional meanings
：
bu
tterflies or fallen buds suggest the impermanence
o
f
l
ife
a
bi
rd＇s nest with eggs means
fertility and so on

5
5
5
5 broadsides
broadsides
broadsides
broadsides
（
broadside
broadside
broadside
broadside
）
n
n
n
n
舷侧

In addition to broadsides books and pamphlets consisting mainly
o
f
pol
itical tracts
catechisms primers and chapbooks were relatively inexpensive to print and to buy

5
5
5
5 brilliance
brilliance
brilliance
brilliance [
[
[
[
`brIljEns
`brIljEns
`brIljEns
`brIljEns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
光辉

Now scientists have data from satellites and groundbased observations from which
we know that the aurora brilliance is
a
n
i
mmense electrical discharge similar to that
occurring
i
n
a
ne
on sign

5
5
5
5 botanical
botanical
botanical
botanical [
[
[
[
bE5tAnIk(E)l
bE5tAnIk(E)l
bE5tAnIk(E)l
bE5tAnIk(E)l
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
植物学
4
4
4
4 botanists
botanists
botanists
botanists
（
botanist[
botanist[
botanist[
botanist[
`bDtEnIst
`bDtEnIst
`bDtEnIst
`bDtEnIst
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
植物学家

In eighteenthcentury colonial America flowers and fruit were typically the province
o
f
t
he botanical artist interested
i
n
s
cientific illustration rather than being the subjects
o
f
f
ine art

5
5
5
5 biotic
biotic
biotic
biotic adj
adj
adj
adj
生物

As
a
c
onsequence they are perhaps the best group
o
f
i
nsects for examining patterns o
f
t
errestrial biotic diversity and distribution

5
5
5
5 assigned
assigned
assigned
assigned
（
assign[
assign[
assign[
assign[
E5saIn
E5saIn
E5saIn
E5saIn
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
分
派分配

While animal fossils from before the Cambrian explosion have no modern
descendants many animals that evolved during the Cambrian explosion can be assigned
to modern groups

5
5
5
5 archaic
archaic
archaic
archaic [
[
[
[
B5keIIk
B5keIIk
B5keIIk
B5keIIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
古代

By the end
o
f
t
he Archaic era people
i
n
e
astern North America had domesticated
certain native plants including sunflowers weeds called goosefoot sumpweed or
marsh elder and squash or gourds
o
f
s
ome kind

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5
5
5
5 arbitrary
arbitrary
arbitrary
arbitrary [
[
[
[
5BbItrErI
5BbItrErI
5BbItrErI
5BbItrErI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
专制

The general form
o
f
a
ppliedart objects is limited by some arbitrary decision that is not
determined by the laws
o
f
ph
ysics

5
5
5
5 alien
alien
alien
alien [
[
[
[
5eIljEn
5eIljEn
5eIljEn
5eIljEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
外国外星

An alien exploring Earth would probably give priority to the planet＇s dominants most
distinctive featurethe ocean

5
5
5
5 accomplished
accomplished
accomplished
accomplished
（
accomplish[
accomplish[
accomplish[
accomplish[
E5kDmplIF
E5kDmplIF
E5kDmplIF
E5kDmplIF
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
实
现完成

Desertification is accomplis hed primarily through the loss
o
f
s
tabilizing natural
vegetation and the subsequent accelerated erosion
o
f
t
he soil by wind and water

4
4
4
4 worms
worms
worms
worms
（
worm[
worm[
worm[
worm[
w＼m
w＼m
w＼m
w＼m
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
蠕虫

Organisms that lack hard parts such as worms and jelly fish have left
a
m
eager
geologic record
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
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113
113
113
113
4
4
4
4 w
orded
worded
worded
worded
（
word[
word[
word[
word[
w＼d
w＼d
w＼d
w＼d
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

言词表达

Surveys can be indispensable sources
o
f
i
nformation but only
i
f
t
he sampling is done
properly and the questions are worded accurately

4
4
4
4 woolly
woolly
woolly
woolly [
[
[
[
5wJlI
5wJlI
5wJlI
5wJlI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
羊毛制

The thick woolly fleece
o
f
t
he domestic sheep is its distinguishing feature and the
source
o
f
m
uch
o
f
i
ts economic importance

4
4
4
4 wondered
wondered
wondered
wondered
（
wonder[
wonder[
wonder[
wonder[
5wQndE
5wQndE
5wQndE
5wQndE
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
想
知道惊奇

They learned about the power
o
f
a
ncient music to move the listener and wondered
why modern music did not have the same effect

4
4
4
4 withdrawal
withdrawal
withdrawal
withdrawal [
[
[
[
wIT5drCEl
wIT5drCEl
wIT5drCEl
wIT5drCEl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
收回撤退

Far from advocating
a
w
ithdrawal from American culture as did some
o
f
hi
s
contemporaries Locke recommended
a
c
ultural pluralism through which artists could
enrich the culture
o
f
A
merica

4
4
4
4 weeds
weeds
weeds
weeds
（
weed[
weed[
weed[
weed[
wid
wid
wid
wid
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
野草

Hence many
o
f
t
he strongly opportunistic plants are the common weeds
o
f
f
ields and
gardens

4
4
4
4 wedging
wedging
wedging
wedging
（
wedge[
wedge[
wedge[
wedge[
wedV
wedV
wedV
wedV
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
楔
入
n
n
n
n
楔子

The dominant salt
i
n
D
eath
V
alley
i
s halite or sodium chloride but other salts mostly
carbonates and sulfates also cause prying and wedging as does ordinary ice

4
4
4
4 vivid
vivid
vivid
vivid [
[
[
[
5vIvId
5vIvId
5vIvId
5vIvId
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
生动

They concentrated
o
n
t
he play
o
f
l
ight over objects people and nature breaking up
seemingly solid surfaces stressing vivid contrast between colors
i
n
s
unlight and shade
and depiction reflected light
i
n
a
ll of
i
ts possibilities

4
4
4
4 Vancouver
Vancouver
Vancouver
Vancouver [
[
[
[
vAn5kuvE
vAn5kuvE
vAn5kuvE
vAn5kuvE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
温哥华

Later
o
n
i
n
t
he early years
o
f
t
he nineteenth century when Fort Vancouver became the
headquarters
o
f
t
he Hudson＇s Bay Company deer populations continued to fluctuate

4
4
4
4 upcoming
upcoming
upcoming
upcoming [
[
[
[
5Qp7kQmIN
5Qp7kQmIN
5Qp7kQmIN
5Qp7kQmIN
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj


In the face
o
f
t
he upcoming water supply crisis
a
num
ber
o
f
gr
andiose schemes have
been developed to transport vast quantities
o
f
w
ater by canal or pipeline from the
Mississippi the Missouri or the Arkansas rivers

4
4
4
4 transparent
transparent
transparent
transparent [
[
[
[
trAns5peErEnt
trAns5peErEnt
trAns5peErEnt
trAns5peErEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
透明




显然

They are also covered with
a
s
lick transparent lid that reduces drag

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词汇红宝书
4
4
4
4 tolerate
tolerate
tolerate
tolerate [
[
[
[
5tDlEreIt
5tDlEreIt
5tDlEreIt
5tDlEreIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
容
忍
3
3
3
3 tolerance
tolerance
tolerance
tolerance [
[
[
[
5tDlErEns
5tDlErEns
5tDlErEns
5tDlErEns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
宽容容限

In contrast
a
c
omplex climax community such as
a
t
emperate forest will tolerate
considerable damage from weather
o
f
pe
sts
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
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红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
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Toefl
词汇红宝书
113
113
113
113
4
4
4
4 w
orded
worded
worded
worded
（
word[
word[
word[
word[
w＼d
w＼d
w＼d
w＼d
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

言词表达

Surveys can be indispensable sources
o
f
i
nformation but only
i
f
t
he sampling is done
properly and the questions are worded accurately

4
4
4
4 woolly
woolly
woolly
woolly [
[
[
[
5wJlI
5wJlI
5wJlI
5wJlI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
羊毛制

The thick woolly fleece
o
f
t
he domestic sheep is its distinguishing feature and the
source
o
f
m
uch
o
f
i
ts economic importance

4
4
4
4 wondered
wondered
wondered
wondered
（
wonder[
wonder[
wonder[
wonder[
5wQndE
5wQndE
5wQndE
5wQndE
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
想
知道惊奇

They learned about the power
o
f
a
ncient music to move the listener and wondered
why modern music did not have the same effect

4
4
4
4 withdrawal
withdrawal
withdrawal
withdrawal [
[
[
[
wIT5drCEl
wIT5drCEl
wIT5drCEl
wIT5drCEl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
收回撤退

Far from advocating
a
w
ithdrawal from American culture as did some
o
f
hi
s
contemporaries Locke recommended
a
c
ultural pluralism through which artists could
enrich the culture
o
f
A
merica

4
4
4
4 weeds
weeds
weeds
weeds
（
weed[
weed[
weed[
weed[
wid
wid
wid
wid
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
野草

Hence many
o
f
t
he strongly opportunistic plants are the common weeds
o
f
f
ields and
gardens

4
4
4
4 wedging
wedging
wedging
wedging
（
wedge[
wedge[
wedge[
wedge[
wedV
wedV
wedV
wedV
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
楔
入
n
n
n
n
楔子

The dominant salt
i
n
D
eath
V
alley
i
s halite or sodium chloride but other salts mostly
carbonates and sulfates also cause prying and wedging as does ordinary ice

4
4
4
4 vivid
vivid
vivid
vivid [
[
[
[
5vIvId
5vIvId
5vIvId
5vIvId
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
生动

They concentrated
o
n
t
he play
o
f
l
ight over objects people and nature breaking up
seemingly solid surfaces stressing vivid contrast between colors
i
n
s
unlight and shade
and depiction reflected light
i
n
a
ll of
i
ts possibilities

4
4
4
4 Vancouver
Vancouver
Vancouver
Vancouver [
[
[
[
vAn5kuvE
vAn5kuvE
vAn5kuvE
vAn5kuvE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
温哥华

Later
o
n
i
n
t
he early years
o
f
t
he nineteenth century when Fort Vancouver became the
headquarters
o
f
t
he Hudson＇s Bay Company deer populations continued to fluctuate

4
4
4
4 upcoming
upcoming
upcoming
upcoming [
[
[
[
5Qp7kQmIN
5Qp7kQmIN
5Qp7kQmIN
5Qp7kQmIN
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj


In the face
o
f
t
he upcoming water supply crisis
a
num
ber
o
f
gr
andiose schemes have
been developed to transport vast quantities
o
f
w
ater by canal or pipeline from the
Mississippi the Missouri or the Arkansas rivers

4
4
4
4 transparent
transparent
transparent
transparent [
[
[
[
trAns5peErEnt
trAns5peErEnt
trAns5peErEnt
trAns5peErEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
透明




显然

They are also covered with
a
s
lick transparent lid that reduces drag

老师
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Toefl
词汇红宝书
4
4
4
4 tolerate
tolerate
tolerate
tolerate [
[
[
[
5tDlEreIt
5tDlEreIt
5tDlEreIt
5tDlEreIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
容
忍
3
3
3
3 tolerance
tolerance
tolerance
tolerance [
[
[
[
5tDlErEns
5tDlErEns
5tDlErEns
5tDlErEns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
宽容容限

In contrast
a
c
omplex climax community such as
a
t
emperate forest will tolerate
considerable damage from weather
o
f
pe
sts
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
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红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
114
114
114
114
L
ist
List
List
List 6
6
6
6
（第六天）
4
4
4
4 thoughtful
thoughtful
thoughtful
thoughtful [
[
[
[
5WCtfJl
5WCtfJl
5WCtfJl
5WCtfJl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
体贴

It was thoughtful
o
f
y
ou to warn me
o
f
y
our arrival
托福考试里面出现
4
次
均

选
项中理源
4
4
4
4 territory
territory
territory
territory [
[
[
[
5terItErI
5terItErI
5terItErI
5terItErI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
领土

As their numbers increased they needed additional territory

4
4
4
4 tenants
tenants
tenants
tenants
（
tenant[
tenant[
tenant[
tenant[
5tenEnt
5tenEnt
5tenEnt
5tenEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
承租房客

Under New
Y
ork＇s
c
ontrols
a
l
andlord generally cannot raise rents
o
n
a
partments as
long as the tenants continue to renew their leases

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4
4
4
4 temper
temper
temper
temper [
[
[
[
5tempE
5tempE
5tempE
5tempE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
脾气调剂

It loses its water and can crack so the potter added
a
t
emper to the clay
a
s
ubstance
that Helped reduce shrinkage and cracking

4
4
4
4 tapestries
tapestries
tapestries
tapestries
（
tapestry[
tapestry[
tapestry[
tapestry[
5tApIstrI
5tApIstrI
5tApIstrI
5tApIstrI
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
挂毯

It can be inferred from the passage that the green areas
i
n
w
oven tapestries developed
a
bl
uish tinge

4
4
4
4 supreme
supreme
supreme
supreme [
[
[
[
sju5prim
sju5prim
sju5prim
sju5prim
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
高

What else can be said about
a
bi
zarre animal that among other eccentricities eats
mud feeds almost continuously day and night but can live without eating for long
periods and can be poisonous but is considered supremely edible by gourmets

4
4
4
4 supplanted
supplanted
supplanted
supplanted
（
supplant[
supplant[
supplant[
supplant[
sE5plBnt
sE5plBnt
sE5plBnt
sE5plBnt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
代


Over the next centuries
i
t
w
as supplanted by another culture the Mississippian
named after the river along which many
o
f
i
ts earliest villages were located

4
4
4
4 supersonic
supersonic
supersonic
supersonic [
[
[
[
5sjupE5sDnIk
5sjupE5sDnIk
5sjupE5sDnIk
5sjupE5sDnIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
超音波

Many supersonic aircraft have
a
s
imilar needle at the nose

4
4
4
4 summit
summit
summit
summit [
[
[
[
5sQmIt
5sQmIt
5sQmIt
5sQmIt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
顶点

Located inside Rainier＇s two icefilled summit craters these caves form
a
l
abyrinth
o
f
t
unnels and vaulted chambers about one and one half miles
i
n
t
otal length

4
4
4
4 sulfates
sulfates
sulfates
sulfates
（
sulfate[
sulfate[
sulfate[
sulfate[
5sQlfeIt
5sQlfeIt
5sQlfeIt
5sQlfeIt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
硫酸盐

Besides crystal growth the expansion
o
f
ha
lite crystals(the same as everyday table
salt) by heating and
o
f
s
ulfates and similar salts by hydration can contribute additional
stresses

4
4
4
4 stoneware
stoneware
stoneware
stoneware n
n
n
n
瓷器

Different clays need different heat levels to fuse and some the lowfire clays never
become nonporous and watertight like highly fired stoneware

4
4
4
4 starvation
starvation
starvation
starvation [
[
[
[
stB5veIFEn
stB5veIFEn
stB5veIFEn
stB5veIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
饥饿

And when game moved out
o
f
t
he lowlands
i
n
e
arly spring the expedition decided to
return east rather than face possible starvation

4
4
4
4 stalks
stalks
stalks
stalks
（
stalk[
stalk[
stalk[
stalk[
stCk
stCk
stCk
stCk
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
茎

By 1880
a
s
elfbinding reaper had been perfected that not only cut the grain but also
gathered the stalks and bound them with twine

4
4
4
4 spun
spun
spun
spun [
[
[
[
spQn
spQn
spQn
spQn
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
纺成

Cloth
o
f
w
hite spun glass resembled silver fibers drawn from yelloworange glass
looked golden

4
4
4
4 sponges
sponges
sponges
sponges
（
sponge[
sponge[
sponge[
sponge[
spQndV
spQndV
spQndV
spQndV
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
海绵海绵体

In fact throughout the animal kingdom from sponges to certain types
o
f
w
orms
shellfish and
a
ll
v
ertebrates (creatures possessing
a
s
pinal column) there is evidence
that transplants
o
f
c
ells or fragments
o
f
t
issues into
a
n
a
nimal are accepted only
i
f
t
hey老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
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：
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英语前线
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Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
114
114
114
114
L
ist
List
List
List 6
6
6
6
（第六天）
4
4
4
4 thoughtful
thoughtful
thoughtful
thoughtful [
[
[
[
5WCtfJl
5WCtfJl
5WCtfJl
5WCtfJl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
体贴

It was thoughtful
o
f
y
ou to warn me
o
f
y
our arrival
托福考试里面出现
4
次
均

选
项中理源
4
4
4
4 territory
territory
territory
territory [
[
[
[
5terItErI
5terItErI
5terItErI
5terItErI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
领土

As their numbers increased they needed additional territory

4
4
4
4 tenants
tenants
tenants
tenants
（
tenant[
tenant[
tenant[
tenant[
5tenEnt
5tenEnt
5tenEnt
5tenEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
承租房客

Under New
Y
ork＇s
c
ontrols
a
l
andlord generally cannot raise rents
o
n
a
partments as
long as the tenants continue to renew their leases

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
4
4
4
4 temper
temper
temper
temper [
[
[
[
5tempE
5tempE
5tempE
5tempE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
脾气调剂

It loses its water and can crack so the potter added
a
t
emper to the clay
a
s
ubstance
that Helped reduce shrinkage and cracking

4
4
4
4 tapestries
tapestries
tapestries
tapestries
（
tapestry[
tapestry[
tapestry[
tapestry[
5tApIstrI
5tApIstrI
5tApIstrI
5tApIstrI
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
挂毯

It can be inferred from the passage that the green areas
i
n
w
oven tapestries developed
a
bl
uish tinge

4
4
4
4 supreme
supreme
supreme
supreme [
[
[
[
sju5prim
sju5prim
sju5prim
sju5prim
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
高

What else can be said about
a
bi
zarre animal that among other eccentricities eats
mud feeds almost continuously day and night but can live without eating for long
periods and can be poisonous but is considered supremely edible by gourmets

4
4
4
4 supplanted
supplanted
supplanted
supplanted
（
supplant[
supplant[
supplant[
supplant[
sE5plBnt
sE5plBnt
sE5plBnt
sE5plBnt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
代


Over the next centuries
i
t
w
as supplanted by another culture the Mississippian
named after the river along which many
o
f
i
ts earliest villages were located

4
4
4
4 supersonic
supersonic
supersonic
supersonic [
[
[
[
5sjupE5sDnIk
5sjupE5sDnIk
5sjupE5sDnIk
5sjupE5sDnIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
超音波

Many supersonic aircraft have
a
s
imilar needle at the nose

4
4
4
4 summit
summit
summit
summit [
[
[
[
5sQmIt
5sQmIt
5sQmIt
5sQmIt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
顶点

Located inside Rainier＇s two icefilled summit craters these caves form
a
l
abyrinth
o
f
t
unnels and vaulted chambers about one and one half miles
i
n
t
otal length

4
4
4
4 sulfates
sulfates
sulfates
sulfates
（
sulfate[
sulfate[
sulfate[
sulfate[
5sQlfeIt
5sQlfeIt
5sQlfeIt
5sQlfeIt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
硫酸盐

Besides crystal growth the expansion
o
f
ha
lite crystals(the same as everyday table
salt) by heating and
o
f
s
ulfates and similar salts by hydration can contribute additional
stresses

4
4
4
4 stoneware
stoneware
stoneware
stoneware n
n
n
n
瓷器

Different clays need different heat levels to fuse and some the lowfire clays never
become nonporous and watertight like highly fired stoneware

4
4
4
4 starvation
starvation
starvation
starvation [
[
[
[
stB5veIFEn
stB5veIFEn
stB5veIFEn
stB5veIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
饥饿

And when game moved out
o
f
t
he lowlands
i
n
e
arly spring the expedition decided to
return east rather than face possible starvation

4
4
4
4 stalks
stalks
stalks
stalks
（
stalk[
stalk[
stalk[
stalk[
stCk
stCk
stCk
stCk
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
茎

By 1880
a
s
elfbinding reaper had been perfected that not only cut the grain but also
gathered the stalks and bound them with twine

4
4
4
4 spun
spun
spun
spun [
[
[
[
spQn
spQn
spQn
spQn
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
纺成

Cloth
o
f
w
hite spun glass resembled silver fibers drawn from yelloworange glass
looked golden

4
4
4
4 sponges
sponges
sponges
sponges
（
sponge[
sponge[
sponge[
sponge[
spQndV
spQndV
spQndV
spQndV
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
海绵海绵体

In fact throughout the animal kingdom from sponges to certain types
o
f
w
orms
shellfish and
a
ll
v
ertebrates (creatures possessing
a
s
pinal column) there is evidence
that transplants
o
f
c
ells or fragments
o
f
t
issues into
a
n
a
nimal are accepted only
i
f
t
hey老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
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：
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词汇红宝书
115
115
115
115
c
ome from genetically compatible or closely related individuals

4
4
4
4 in
in
in
in spite
spite
spite
spite of
of
of
of
然

Deeper still the pressure is even more intense preventing the rock from melting
i
n
s
pite
o
f
a
hi
gher temperature

4
4
4
4 spirit
spirit
spirit
spirit [
[
[
[
5spIrIt
5spIrIt
5spIrIt
5spIrIt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
精神心灵

It is possible that the animals
i
n
t
he paintings were
o
f
m
ythical significance to the
tribe and the paintings reflected
a
n
i
mportant spiritual practice

4
4
4
4 spills
spills
spills
spills
（
spill[
spill[
spill[
spill[
spIl
spIl
spIl
spIl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
溢出

Pipelines carrying
o
il
c
an be broken by faults or landslides causing serious
o
il
s
pills

4
4
4
4 s
piders
spiders
spiders
spiders
（
spider[
spider[
spider[
spider[
5spaIdE
5spaIdE
5spaIdE
5spaIdE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
蜘蛛

Furthermore the walls
o
f
f
ungal cells are not made
o
f
c
ellulose as those
o
f
pl
ants are
but
o
f
a
nother complex sugarlike polymer called chitin the material from which the
hard outer skeletons
o
f
s
hrimps spiders and insects are made

4
4
4
4 sphere
sphere
sphere
sphere [
[
[
[
sfIE
sfIE
sfIE
sfIE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
球球形

The continents and the seabed are formed by the crust
a
t
hin sphere
o
f
r
elatively
light solid rock

4
4
4
4 solemn
solemn
solemn
solemn [
[
[
[
5sDlEm
5sDlEm
5sDlEm
5sDlEm
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
严肃

Within
a
v
ery short time however the incongruity
o
f
pl
aying lively music to
a
s
olem
n
f
ilm became apparent and film pianists began to take some care
i
n
m
atching their
pieces to the mood
o
f
t
he film

4
4
4
4 sole
sole
sole
sole [
[
[
[
sEJl
sEJl
sEJl
sEJl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
单独

Pheromones are the predominant medium
o
f
c
ommunication among insects (but rarely
the sole method)

4
4
4
4 sociobiology
sociobiology
sociobiology
sociobiology n
n
n
n
生物社会学

Sociobiology views much social behavior including aggressive behavior as
genetically determined

4
4
4
4 socially
socially
socially
socially [
[
[
[
`sEJFElI
`sEJFElI
`sEJFElI
`sEJFElI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
社交方面

Such
a
n
a
rea included the county
i
n
w
hich the central city is located and adjacent
counties that are found to be metropolitan
i
n
c
haracter and economically and socially
integrated with the country
o
f
t
he central city

4
4
4
4 snowfall
snowfall
snowfall
snowfall [
[
[
[
5snEJfCl
5snEJfCl
5snEJfCl
5snEJfCl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
降雪

The temperature at the upper timberline is probably more important
i
n
pr
eventing tree
growth than factors such as the amount
o
f
s
nowfall or the force
o
f
w
inds

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
4
4
4
4 slicks
slicks
slicks
slicks
（
slick[
slick[
slick[
slick[
slIk
slIk
slIk
slIk
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
滑水面
adj
adj
adj
adj
光滑

Spillage from huge oilcarrying cargo ships called tankers involved
i
n
c
ollisions or
accidental groundings (such as the one
o
ff
A
laska
i
n
1989) c
an create
o
il
s
licks at sea

4
4
4
4 slender
slender
slender
slender [
[
[
[
5slendE
5slendE
5slendE
5slendE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
修长

Leaves develop chlorosis stems are short and slender and anthocyanin discoloration
occurs
o
n
s
tems petioles and lower leaf surfaces

4
4
4
4 sketching
sketching
sketching
sketching
（
sketch[
sketch[
sketch[
sketch[
sketF
sketF
sketF
sketF
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
速
写草稿

Further the river had long served as the principal route to other sketching grounds
favored by the Academicians particularly the Adirondacks and the mountains
o
f
V
ermont and New Hampshire

4
4
4
4 silt
silt
silt
silt [
[
[
[
sIlt
sIlt
sIlt
sIlt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
淤泥

Since clays settle so slowly they are easily segregated from sand and silt

4
4
4
4 Sierra
Sierra
Sierra
Sierra Nevada
Nevada
Nevada
Nevada n
n
n
n
华达山脉

Warm moist air from the Pacific Ocean is forced upward as
i
t
c
rosses the Sierra老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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：
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英语前线
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：
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
115
115
115
115
c
ome from genetically compatible or closely related individuals

4
4
4
4 in
in
in
in spite
spite
spite
spite of
of
of
of
然

Deeper still the pressure is even more intense preventing the rock from melting
i
n
s
pite
o
f
a
hi
gher temperature

4
4
4
4 spirit
spirit
spirit
spirit [
[
[
[
5spIrIt
5spIrIt
5spIrIt
5spIrIt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
精神心灵

It is possible that the animals
i
n
t
he paintings were
o
f
m
ythical significance to the
tribe and the paintings reflected
a
n
i
mportant spiritual practice

4
4
4
4 spills
spills
spills
spills
（
spill[
spill[
spill[
spill[
spIl
spIl
spIl
spIl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
溢出

Pipelines carrying
o
il
c
an be broken by faults or landslides causing serious
o
il
s
pills

4
4
4
4 s
piders
spiders
spiders
spiders
（
spider[
spider[
spider[
spider[
5spaIdE
5spaIdE
5spaIdE
5spaIdE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
蜘蛛

Furthermore the walls
o
f
f
ungal cells are not made
o
f
c
ellulose as those
o
f
pl
ants are
but
o
f
a
nother complex sugarlike polymer called chitin the material from which the
hard outer skeletons
o
f
s
hrimps spiders and insects are made

4
4
4
4 sphere
sphere
sphere
sphere [
[
[
[
sfIE
sfIE
sfIE
sfIE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
球球形

The continents and the seabed are formed by the crust
a
t
hin sphere
o
f
r
elatively
light solid rock

4
4
4
4 solemn
solemn
solemn
solemn [
[
[
[
5sDlEm
5sDlEm
5sDlEm
5sDlEm
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
严肃

Within
a
v
ery short time however the incongruity
o
f
pl
aying lively music to
a
s
olem
n
f
ilm became apparent and film pianists began to take some care
i
n
m
atching their
pieces to the mood
o
f
t
he film

4
4
4
4 sole
sole
sole
sole [
[
[
[
sEJl
sEJl
sEJl
sEJl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
单独

Pheromones are the predominant medium
o
f
c
ommunication among insects (but rarely
the sole method)

4
4
4
4 sociobiology
sociobiology
sociobiology
sociobiology n
n
n
n
生物社会学

Sociobiology views much social behavior including aggressive behavior as
genetically determined

4
4
4
4 socially
socially
socially
socially [
[
[
[
`sEJFElI
`sEJFElI
`sEJFElI
`sEJFElI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
社交方面

Such
a
n
a
rea included the county
i
n
w
hich the central city is located and adjacent
counties that are found to be metropolitan
i
n
c
haracter and economically and socially
integrated with the country
o
f
t
he central city

4
4
4
4 snowfall
snowfall
snowfall
snowfall [
[
[
[
5snEJfCl
5snEJfCl
5snEJfCl
5snEJfCl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
降雪

The temperature at the upper timberline is probably more important
i
n
pr
eventing tree
growth than factors such as the amount
o
f
s
nowfall or the force
o
f
w
inds

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
4
4
4
4 slicks
slicks
slicks
slicks
（
slick[
slick[
slick[
slick[
slIk
slIk
slIk
slIk
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
滑水面
adj
adj
adj
adj
光滑

Spillage from huge oilcarrying cargo ships called tankers involved
i
n
c
ollisions or
accidental groundings (such as the one
o
ff
A
laska
i
n
1989) c
an create
o
il
s
licks at sea

4
4
4
4 slender
slender
slender
slender [
[
[
[
5slendE
5slendE
5slendE
5slendE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
修长

Leaves develop chlorosis stems are short and slender and anthocyanin discoloration
occurs
o
n
s
tems petioles and lower leaf surfaces

4
4
4
4 sketching
sketching
sketching
sketching
（
sketch[
sketch[
sketch[
sketch[
sketF
sketF
sketF
sketF
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
速
写草稿

Further the river had long served as the principal route to other sketching grounds
favored by the Academicians particularly the Adirondacks and the mountains
o
f
V
ermont and New Hampshire

4
4
4
4 silt
silt
silt
silt [
[
[
[
sIlt
sIlt
sIlt
sIlt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
淤泥

Since clays settle so slowly they are easily segregated from sand and silt

4
4
4
4 Sierra
Sierra
Sierra
Sierra Nevada
Nevada
Nevada
Nevada n
n
n
n
华达山脉

Warm moist air from the Pacific Ocean is forced upward as
i
t
c
rosses the Sierra老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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Blog
Blog
Blog
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
116
116
116
116
N
evada

4
4
4
4 shortage
shortage
shortage
shortage [
[
[
[
5FCtIdV
5FCtIdV
5FCtIdV
5FCtIdV
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
足

The shortage
o
f
a
ffordable housing
i
n
t
he United States

4
4
4
4 seemingly
seemingly
seemingly
seemingly [
[
[
[
5simINlI
5simINlI
5simINlI
5simINlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
表面

Another seemingly plausible explanationthat infants do not form enduring memorie
s
a
t this point
i
n
de
velopmentalso is incorrect

4
4
4
4 sedentary
sedentary
sedentary
sedentary [
[
[
[
5sedEntErI
5sedEntErI
5sedEntErI
5sedEntErI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
久坐

Aphids which are particularly vulnerable to predators because
o
f
t
heir gregarious
habits and sedentary nature secrete
a
n
a
larm pheromone when attacked that causes
nearby aphids to respond by moving away

4
4
4
4 scurrying
scurrying
scurrying
scurrying
（
scurry[
scurry[
scurry[
scurry[
5skQrI
5skQrI
5skQrI
5skQrI
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
急
赶
n
n
n
n
急赶急跑

The effect mimics
a
s
currying mouse or vole and the behavior rivets the attention
o
f
t
he type
o
f
pr
edators that would also be interested
i
n
e
ggs and chicks

4
4
4
4 rudimentary
rudimentary
rudimentary
rudimentary [
[
[
[
rudI5mentErI
rudI5mentErI
rudI5mentErI
rudI5mentErI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
基

He received rudimentary village schooling but mostly he roamed his uncle＇s farm
collecting the fossils that were so abundant
i
n
t
he rocks
o
f
t
he Cotswold hills
．

4
4
4
4 r
otates
rotates
rotates
rotates
（
rotate[
rotate[
rotate[
rotate[
rEJ5teIt
rEJ5teIt
rEJ5teIt
rEJ5teIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
旋
转
3
3
3
3 rotation
rotation
rotation
rotation [
[
[
[
rEJ5teIFEn
rEJ5teIFEn
rEJ5teIFEn
rEJ5teIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
旋转
3
3
3
3 rotating
rotating
rotating
rotating
（
rotate
rotate
rotate
rotate
）
v

v
v
v
旋
转

Committee membership rotates every year so that new voices and opinions are
constantly heard

4
4
4
4 romanticism
romanticism
romanticism
romanticism [
[
[
[
rE5mAntIsIzEm
rE5mAntIsIzEm
rE5mAntIsIzEm
rE5mAntIsIzEm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
浪漫精神

After the 1870＇ s
a
num
ber
o
f
i
mportant authors began to reject the romanticism that
had prevailed immediately following the Civil War
o
f
1861
1865 and turned instead to
realism

4
4
4
4 retail
retail
retail
retail [
[
[
[
5riteIl
5riteIl
5riteIl
5riteIl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
零售
v

v
v
v
零
售
adj
adj
adj
adj
零售

And
i
n
di
stribution the transformation was marked by the emergence
o
f
t
he jobber
the wholesaler and the mass retailer

4
4
4
4 replenish
replenish
replenish
replenish [
[
[
[
rI5plenIF
rI5plenIF
rI5plenIF
rI5plenIF
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v





装
满

This unprecedented development
o
f
a
f
inite groundwater resource with
a
n
a
lmost
negligible natural recharge rate—that is virtually no natural water source to replenish
the water supply—has caused water tables
i
n
t
he region to fall drastically

4
4
4
4 regulatory
regulatory
regulatory
regulatory [
[
[
[
5re^jJlEtErI
5re^jJlEtErI
5re^jJlEtErI
5re^jJlEtErI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
理
4
4
4
4 regulation
regulation
regulation
regulation [
[
[
[
re^jJ5leIFEn
re^jJ5leIFEn
re^jJ5leIFEn
re^jJ5leIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
规章

In the early nineteenth century state governments also engaged
i
n
a
s
urprisingly large
amount
o
f
di
rect regulatory activity including extensive licensing and inspection
programs

4
4
4
4 rear
rear
rear
rear [
[
[
[
rIE
rIE
rIE
rIE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
部

By moving the rear parts
o
f
t
heir bodies up and down modern whales swim
i
n
a
di
fferent way from the way Ambulocetus swam

4
4
4
4 radius
radius
radius
radius [
[
[
[
5reIdjEs
5reIdjEs
5reIdjEs
5reIdjEs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
半径

Market days saw the crowded city even more crowded as line fanners from within
a
r
adius
o
f
24 or m
ore kilometers brought their sheep cows pigs vegetables cider and
other products for direct sale to the townspeople

4
4
4
4 radiation
radiation
radiation
radiation [
[
[
[
7reIdI5eIFEn
7reIdI5eIFEn
7reIdI5eIFEn
7reIdI5eIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
发光辐射

The word laser was coined as
a
n
a
cronym for Light Amplification by the Stimulated
Emission
o
f
R
adiation

4
4
4
4 publications
publications
publications
publications
（
publication[
publication[
publication[
publication[
7pQblI5keIFEn
7pQblI5keIFEn
7pQblI5keIFEn
7pQblI5keIFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
出版老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
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wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
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英语前线
老
师
Blog
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
116
116
116
116
N
evada

4
4
4
4 shortage
shortage
shortage
shortage [
[
[
[
5FCtIdV
5FCtIdV
5FCtIdV
5FCtIdV
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
足

The shortage
o
f
a
ffordable housing
i
n
t
he United States

4
4
4
4 seemingly
seemingly
seemingly
seemingly [
[
[
[
5simINlI
5simINlI
5simINlI
5simINlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
表面

Another seemingly plausible explanationthat infants do not form enduring memorie
s
a
t this point
i
n
de
velopmentalso is incorrect

4
4
4
4 sedentary
sedentary
sedentary
sedentary [
[
[
[
5sedEntErI
5sedEntErI
5sedEntErI
5sedEntErI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
久坐

Aphids which are particularly vulnerable to predators because
o
f
t
heir gregarious
habits and sedentary nature secrete
a
n
a
larm pheromone when attacked that causes
nearby aphids to respond by moving away

4
4
4
4 scurrying
scurrying
scurrying
scurrying
（
scurry[
scurry[
scurry[
scurry[
5skQrI
5skQrI
5skQrI
5skQrI
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
急
赶
n
n
n
n
急赶急跑

The effect mimics
a
s
currying mouse or vole and the behavior rivets the attention
o
f
t
he type
o
f
pr
edators that would also be interested
i
n
e
ggs and chicks

4
4
4
4 rudimentary
rudimentary
rudimentary
rudimentary [
[
[
[
rudI5mentErI
rudI5mentErI
rudI5mentErI
rudI5mentErI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
基

He received rudimentary village schooling but mostly he roamed his uncle＇s farm
collecting the fossils that were so abundant
i
n
t
he rocks
o
f
t
he Cotswold hills
．

4
4
4
4 r
otates
rotates
rotates
rotates
（
rotate[
rotate[
rotate[
rotate[
rEJ5teIt
rEJ5teIt
rEJ5teIt
rEJ5teIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
旋
转
3
3
3
3 rotation
rotation
rotation
rotation [
[
[
[
rEJ5teIFEn
rEJ5teIFEn
rEJ5teIFEn
rEJ5teIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
旋转
3
3
3
3 rotating
rotating
rotating
rotating
（
rotate
rotate
rotate
rotate
）
v

v
v
v
旋
转

Committee membership rotates every year so that new voices and opinions are
constantly heard

4
4
4
4 romanticism
romanticism
romanticism
romanticism [
[
[
[
rE5mAntIsIzEm
rE5mAntIsIzEm
rE5mAntIsIzEm
rE5mAntIsIzEm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
浪漫精神

After the 1870＇ s
a
num
ber
o
f
i
mportant authors began to reject the romanticism that
had prevailed immediately following the Civil War
o
f
1861
1865 and turned instead to
realism

4
4
4
4 retail
retail
retail
retail [
[
[
[
5riteIl
5riteIl
5riteIl
5riteIl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
零售
v

v
v
v
零
售
adj
adj
adj
adj
零售

And
i
n
di
stribution the transformation was marked by the emergence
o
f
t
he jobber
the wholesaler and the mass retailer

4
4
4
4 replenish
replenish
replenish
replenish [
[
[
[
rI5plenIF
rI5plenIF
rI5plenIF
rI5plenIF
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v





装
满

This unprecedented development
o
f
a
f
inite groundwater resource with
a
n
a
lmost
negligible natural recharge rate—that is virtually no natural water source to replenish
the water supply—has caused water tables
i
n
t
he region to fall drastically

4
4
4
4 regulatory
regulatory
regulatory
regulatory [
[
[
[
5re^jJlEtErI
5re^jJlEtErI
5re^jJlEtErI
5re^jJlEtErI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
理
4
4
4
4 regulation
regulation
regulation
regulation [
[
[
[
re^jJ5leIFEn
re^jJ5leIFEn
re^jJ5leIFEn
re^jJ5leIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
规章

In the early nineteenth century state governments also engaged
i
n
a
s
urprisingly large
amount
o
f
di
rect regulatory activity including extensive licensing and inspection
programs

4
4
4
4 rear
rear
rear
rear [
[
[
[
rIE
rIE
rIE
rIE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
部

By moving the rear parts
o
f
t
heir bodies up and down modern whales swim
i
n
a
di
fferent way from the way Ambulocetus swam

4
4
4
4 radius
radius
radius
radius [
[
[
[
5reIdjEs
5reIdjEs
5reIdjEs
5reIdjEs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
半径

Market days saw the crowded city even more crowded as line fanners from within
a
r
adius
o
f
24 or m
ore kilometers brought their sheep cows pigs vegetables cider and
other products for direct sale to the townspeople

4
4
4
4 radiation
radiation
radiation
radiation [
[
[
[
7reIdI5eIFEn
7reIdI5eIFEn
7reIdI5eIFEn
7reIdI5eIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
发光辐射

The word laser was coined as
a
n
a
cronym for Light Amplification by the Stimulated
Emission
o
f
R
adiation

4
4
4
4 publications
publications
publications
publications
（
publication[
publication[
publication[
publication[
7pQblI5keIFEn
7pQblI5keIFEn
7pQblI5keIFEn
7pQblI5keIFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
出版老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
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英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
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Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
117
117
117
117

M
agazines as they are known today began publication around 1882 and
i
n
f
act the
circulation
o
f
w
eekly magazines exceeded that
o
f
ne
wspapers
i
n
t
he period which
followed

4
4
4
4 prone
prone
prone
prone [
[
[
[
prEJn
prEJn
prEJn
prEJn
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj





倾

These factors ensured that Chicago would become
a
gr
eat city regardless
o
f
t
he
disadvantageous characteristics
o
f
t
he available site such as being prone to flooding
during thunderstorm activity

4
4
4
4 probable
probable
probable
probable [
[
[
[
5prDbEbl
5prDbEbl
5prDbEbl
5prDbEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
发生

In 15 or 30 seconds
a
s
peaker cannot establish the historical context that shaped the
issue
i
n
que
stion cannot detail the probable causes
o
f
t
he problem and cannot examine
alternative proposals to argue that one is preferable to others

4
4
4
4 prizes
prizes
prizes
prizes
（
prize[
prize[
prize[
prize[
praIz
praIz
praIz
praIz
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
奖赏

Including the youngsters watched or participated
i
n
a
v
ariety
o
f
c
ompetitive sports
with prizes awarded to the winners

4
4
4
4 prison
prison
prison
prison [
[
[
[
5prIzn
5prIzn
5prIzn
5prIzn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
监狱

Davis was temporarily chained
i
n
hi
s prison cell during the early days
o
f
hi
s twoyear
imprisonment

4
4
4
4 prestige
prestige
prestige
prestige [
[
[
[
pres5tiV 5tidV
pres5tiV 5tidV
pres5tiV 5tidV
pres5tiV 5tidV
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
名

No other colonial artisans rivaled the silversmiths＇ prestige

4
4
4
4 practitioners
practitioners
practitioners
practitioners
（
practitioner[
practitioner[
practitioner[
practitioner[
prAk5tIFEnE
prAk5tIFEnE
prAk5tIFEnE
prAk5tIFEnE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
业者

The awards and prizes total about 750000
a
y
ear but most
o
f
t
hem range
i
n
s
ize from
5000 to 12500
a
w
elcome sum to many young practitioners whose work may not
bring
i
n
t
hat much money
i
n
a
y
ear

4
4
4
4 powder
powder
powder
powder [
[
[
[
5paJdE
5paJdE
5paJdE
5paJdE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
粉

Scientific analysis reveals that the colors were derived from ocher and other iron
oxides ground into
a
f
ine powder

4
4
4
4 plumbing
plumbing
plumbing
plumbing
（
plumb[
plumb[
plumb[
plumb[
plQm
plQm
plQm
plQm
]
]
]
]
）
n

n
n
n
铅锤
adj
adj
adj
adj
垂直
v

v
v
v

铅锤测量垂
直探究

The equipment includes plumbing electrical wiring hot water and airconditioning

4
4
4
4 p
eregrine
peregrine
peregrine
peregrine adj
adj
adj
adj
外

It can be inferred that blackheaded gulls change direction when they spot
a
pe
regrine
falcon for which
o
f
t
he following reasons

4
4
4
4 pamphlets
pamphlets
pamphlets
pamphlets
（
pamphlet[
pamphlet[
pamphlet[
pamphlet[
5pAmflIt
5pAmflIt
5pAmflIt
5pAmflIt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
册子

Chapbook were pamphletsized books usually containing popular tales ballads
poems short plays and jokes small both
i
n
f
ormal and number
o
f
pa
ges they were
generally bound simply
i
n
boa
rds
(
a
f
orm
o
f
c
ardboard) or merely stitched
i
n
pa
per
wrapper
s (
a
s
ewn antecedent
o
f
m
odernday paperbacks)

4
4
4
4 ownership
ownership
ownership
ownership [
[
[
[
5EJnEFIp
5EJnEFIp
5EJnEFIp
5EJnEFIp
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
权

Los Angeles was
a
pr
oduct
o
f
t
he auto age
i
n
a
nother sense as well its distinctive
spatial organization depended
o
n
w
idespread private ownership
o
f
a
utomobiles

4
4
4
4 outlying
outlying
outlying
outlying [
[
[
[
5aJtlaIIN
5aJtlaIIN
5aJtlaIIN
5aJtlaIIN
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
外

The fairs provided
a
m
eans
o
f
br
inging handmade goods from outlying places to
wouldbe buyers
i
n
t
he city

4
4
4
4 outermost
outermost
outermost
outermost [
[
[
[
5aJtEmEJst
5aJtEmEJst
5aJtEmEJst
5aJtEmEJst
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
外边

The hard rigid plates that form the outermost portion
o
f
t
he Earth are about 100
kilometers thick

4
4
4
4 otters
otters
otters
otters
（
otter[
otter[
otter[
otter[
5DtE
5DtE
5DtE
5DtE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
水獭

Many animals like the otter who uses
a
s
tone to crack mussel shells are capable
o
f老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
117
117
117
117

M
agazines as they are known today began publication around 1882 and
i
n
f
act the
circulation
o
f
w
eekly magazines exceeded that
o
f
ne
wspapers
i
n
t
he period which
followed

4
4
4
4 prone
prone
prone
prone [
[
[
[
prEJn
prEJn
prEJn
prEJn
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj





倾

These factors ensured that Chicago would become
a
gr
eat city regardless
o
f
t
he
disadvantageous characteristics
o
f
t
he available site such as being prone to flooding
during thunderstorm activity

4
4
4
4 probable
probable
probable
probable [
[
[
[
5prDbEbl
5prDbEbl
5prDbEbl
5prDbEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
发生

In 15 or 30 seconds
a
s
peaker cannot establish the historical context that shaped the
issue
i
n
que
stion cannot detail the probable causes
o
f
t
he problem and cannot examine
alternative proposals to argue that one is preferable to others

4
4
4
4 prizes
prizes
prizes
prizes
（
prize[
prize[
prize[
prize[
praIz
praIz
praIz
praIz
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
奖赏

Including the youngsters watched or participated
i
n
a
v
ariety
o
f
c
ompetitive sports
with prizes awarded to the winners

4
4
4
4 prison
prison
prison
prison [
[
[
[
5prIzn
5prIzn
5prIzn
5prIzn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
监狱

Davis was temporarily chained
i
n
hi
s prison cell during the early days
o
f
hi
s twoyear
imprisonment

4
4
4
4 prestige
prestige
prestige
prestige [
[
[
[
pres5tiV 5tidV
pres5tiV 5tidV
pres5tiV 5tidV
pres5tiV 5tidV
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
名

No other colonial artisans rivaled the silversmiths＇ prestige

4
4
4
4 practitioners
practitioners
practitioners
practitioners
（
practitioner[
practitioner[
practitioner[
practitioner[
prAk5tIFEnE
prAk5tIFEnE
prAk5tIFEnE
prAk5tIFEnE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
业者

The awards and prizes total about 750000
a
y
ear but most
o
f
t
hem range
i
n
s
ize from
5000 to 12500
a
w
elcome sum to many young practitioners whose work may not
bring
i
n
t
hat much money
i
n
a
y
ear

4
4
4
4 powder
powder
powder
powder [
[
[
[
5paJdE
5paJdE
5paJdE
5paJdE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
粉

Scientific analysis reveals that the colors were derived from ocher and other iron
oxides ground into
a
f
ine powder

4
4
4
4 plumbing
plumbing
plumbing
plumbing
（
plumb[
plumb[
plumb[
plumb[
plQm
plQm
plQm
plQm
]
]
]
]
）
n

n
n
n
铅锤
adj
adj
adj
adj
垂直
v

v
v
v

铅锤测量垂
直探究

The equipment includes plumbing electrical wiring hot water and airconditioning

4
4
4
4 p
eregrine
peregrine
peregrine
peregrine adj
adj
adj
adj
外

It can be inferred that blackheaded gulls change direction when they spot
a
pe
regrine
falcon for which
o
f
t
he following reasons

4
4
4
4 pamphlets
pamphlets
pamphlets
pamphlets
（
pamphlet[
pamphlet[
pamphlet[
pamphlet[
5pAmflIt
5pAmflIt
5pAmflIt
5pAmflIt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
册子

Chapbook were pamphletsized books usually containing popular tales ballads
poems short plays and jokes small both
i
n
f
ormal and number
o
f
pa
ges they were
generally bound simply
i
n
boa
rds
(
a
f
orm
o
f
c
ardboard) or merely stitched
i
n
pa
per
wrapper
s (
a
s
ewn antecedent
o
f
m
odernday paperbacks)

4
4
4
4 ownership
ownership
ownership
ownership [
[
[
[
5EJnEFIp
5EJnEFIp
5EJnEFIp
5EJnEFIp
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
权

Los Angeles was
a
pr
oduct
o
f
t
he auto age
i
n
a
nother sense as well its distinctive
spatial organization depended
o
n
w
idespread private ownership
o
f
a
utomobiles

4
4
4
4 outlying
outlying
outlying
outlying [
[
[
[
5aJtlaIIN
5aJtlaIIN
5aJtlaIIN
5aJtlaIIN
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
外

The fairs provided
a
m
eans
o
f
br
inging handmade goods from outlying places to
wouldbe buyers
i
n
t
he city

4
4
4
4 outermost
outermost
outermost
outermost [
[
[
[
5aJtEmEJst
5aJtEmEJst
5aJtEmEJst
5aJtEmEJst
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
外边

The hard rigid plates that form the outermost portion
o
f
t
he Earth are about 100
kilometers thick

4
4
4
4 otters
otters
otters
otters
（
otter[
otter[
otter[
otter[
5DtE
5DtE
5DtE
5DtE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
水獭

Many animals like the otter who uses
a
s
tone to crack mussel shells are capable
o
f老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
118
118
118
118
us
ing objects
i
n
t
he natural environment as rudimentary tools

4
4
4
4 ornate
ornate
ornate
ornate [
[
[
[
C5neIt 5CneIt
C5neIt 5CneIt
C5neIt 5CneIt
C5neIt 5CneIt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
装饰

Stoneware which had been simple utilitarian kitchenware grew increasingly ornate
throughout the nineteenth century and
i
n
a
ddition to the earlier scratched and drawn
designs threedimensional molded relief decoration became popular

4
4
4
4 octopus
octopus
octopus
octopus [
[
[
[
5DktEpEs
5DktEpEs
5DktEpEs
5DktEpEs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
章鱼

According to the passage studies have shown that hermit crabs manage to turn
octopus away by attacking the octopus with their claws

4
4
4
4 obsidian
obsidian
obsidian
obsidian [
[
[
[
Db5sIdIEn
Db5sIdIEn
Db5sIdIEn
Db5sIdIEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
黑曜石

The black obsidian cliffs
o
f
Y
ellowstone National Park are the result
o
f
a
l
ava flow
o
f
ba
salt running head
o
n
i
nto
a
gl
acier Some
o
f
t
he glacier melted
o
n
c
ontact but
suddenly there also appeared
a
huge bl
ack mass
o
f
gl
assy stone

4
4
4
4 numerical
numerical
numerical
numerical [
[
[
[
njJ()5merIkEl
njJ()5merIkEl
njJ()5merIkEl
njJ()5merIkEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
数字

The actual concentration need not be large for
a
s
ubstance to be
a
pol
lutant
i
n
f
act the
numerical value tells us little until we know how much
o
f
a
n
i
ncrease this represents
over the concentration that would occur naturally
i
n
t
he area

4
4
4
4 notwithstanding
notwithstanding
notwithstanding
notwithstanding [
[
[
[
7nDtwIW5stAndIN
7nDtwIW5stAndIN
7nDtwIW5stAndIN
7nDtwIW5stAndIN
]
]
]
] prep
prep
prep
prep


Notwithstanding preening and constant care the marvelously intricate structure
o
f
a
bi
rd
’
s
F
eather inevitably wears out

4
4
4
4 norm
norm
norm
norm [
[
[
[
nCm
nCm
nCm
nCm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
基准

Modern comparisons
o
f
t
he amount
o
f
w
ork performed per week however begin wit
h
t
he Industrial Revolution (17601840) when 10 to 12hour workdays with six
workdays per week were the norm

4
4
4
4 necessitated
necessitated
necessitated
necessitated
（
necessitate[
necessitate[
necessitate[
necessitate[
nI5sesIteIt
nI5sesIteIt
nI5sesIteIt
nI5sesIteIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

成必需

The marketing
o
f
i
ndustrial products necessitated largescale storage spaces and
enormous shops selling under one roof
a
w
ide variety
o
f
i
tems

4
4
4
4 navigable
navigable
navigable
navigable [
[
[
[
5nAvI^Ebl
5nAvI^Ebl
5nAvI^Ebl
5nAvI^Ebl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
航行
3
3
3
3 navigation
navigation
navigation
navigation [
[
[
[
7nAvI5^eIFEn
7nAvI5^eIFEn
7nAvI5^eIFEn
7nAvI5^eIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
航海

Both the national and state governments developed transportation
infrastructurebuilding canals roads bridges and railroads deepening harbors and
removing obstructions from navigable streams

4
4
4
4 moths
moths
moths
moths
（
moth[
moth[
moth[
moth[
mDW
mDW
mDW
mDW
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
蛾

When they
f
ly
how
ever brightly colored hind wings are exposed which render the
moths highly conspicuous

4
4
4
4 missions
missions
missions
missions
（
mission[
mission[
mission[
mission[
5mIFEn
5mIFEn
5mIFEn
5mIFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
务

Furthermore like the artisans
o
f
t
he Arts and Crafts Movement
i
n
E
ngland and the
United States art deep practitioners considered
i
t
t
heir mission to transform the
domestic environment through welldesigned furniture and household accessories

4
4
4
4 minuscule
minuscule
minuscule
minuscule [
[
[
[
mI5nQskjul
mI5nQskjul
mI5nQskjul
mI5nQskjul
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
草写字

At the same time the image that the spectator looked at expanded from the minuscule
peepshow dimensions
o
f
1 or 2 i
nches (in height) to the lifesize proportions
o
f
6 or 9
f
eet

4
4
4
4 mild
mild
mild
mild [
[
[
[
maIld
maIld
maIld
maIld
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
温

Modern barbed wire is made from mild steel hightensile steel or aluminum

4
4
4
4 metabolism
metabolism
metabolism
metabolism [
[
[
[
me5tAbElIzEm
me5tAbElIzEm
me5tAbElIzEm
me5tAbElIzEm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
新陈代谢
3
3
3
3 metabolic
metabolic
metabolic
metabolic [
[
[
[
7metE5bDlIk
7metE5bDlIk
7metE5bDlIk
7metE5bDlIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
代谢作

Growth reproduction and daily metabolism
a
ll
r
equire
a
n
or
ganism to expend
energy
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
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：
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wwwibtsatcom
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Blog
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留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
118
118
118
118
us
ing objects
i
n
t
he natural environment as rudimentary tools

4
4
4
4 ornate
ornate
ornate
ornate [
[
[
[
C5neIt 5CneIt
C5neIt 5CneIt
C5neIt 5CneIt
C5neIt 5CneIt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
装饰

Stoneware which had been simple utilitarian kitchenware grew increasingly ornate
throughout the nineteenth century and
i
n
a
ddition to the earlier scratched and drawn
designs threedimensional molded relief decoration became popular

4
4
4
4 octopus
octopus
octopus
octopus [
[
[
[
5DktEpEs
5DktEpEs
5DktEpEs
5DktEpEs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
章鱼

According to the passage studies have shown that hermit crabs manage to turn
octopus away by attacking the octopus with their claws

4
4
4
4 obsidian
obsidian
obsidian
obsidian [
[
[
[
Db5sIdIEn
Db5sIdIEn
Db5sIdIEn
Db5sIdIEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
黑曜石

The black obsidian cliffs
o
f
Y
ellowstone National Park are the result
o
f
a
l
ava flow
o
f
ba
salt running head
o
n
i
nto
a
gl
acier Some
o
f
t
he glacier melted
o
n
c
ontact but
suddenly there also appeared
a
huge bl
ack mass
o
f
gl
assy stone

4
4
4
4 numerical
numerical
numerical
numerical [
[
[
[
njJ()5merIkEl
njJ()5merIkEl
njJ()5merIkEl
njJ()5merIkEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
数字

The actual concentration need not be large for
a
s
ubstance to be
a
pol
lutant
i
n
f
act the
numerical value tells us little until we know how much
o
f
a
n
i
ncrease this represents
over the concentration that would occur naturally
i
n
t
he area

4
4
4
4 notwithstanding
notwithstanding
notwithstanding
notwithstanding [
[
[
[
7nDtwIW5stAndIN
7nDtwIW5stAndIN
7nDtwIW5stAndIN
7nDtwIW5stAndIN
]
]
]
] prep
prep
prep
prep


Notwithstanding preening and constant care the marvelously intricate structure
o
f
a
bi
rd
’
s
F
eather inevitably wears out

4
4
4
4 norm
norm
norm
norm [
[
[
[
nCm
nCm
nCm
nCm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
基准

Modern comparisons
o
f
t
he amount
o
f
w
ork performed per week however begin wit
h
t
he Industrial Revolution (17601840) when 10 to 12hour workdays with six
workdays per week were the norm

4
4
4
4 necessitated
necessitated
necessitated
necessitated
（
necessitate[
necessitate[
necessitate[
necessitate[
nI5sesIteIt
nI5sesIteIt
nI5sesIteIt
nI5sesIteIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

成必需

The marketing
o
f
i
ndustrial products necessitated largescale storage spaces and
enormous shops selling under one roof
a
w
ide variety
o
f
i
tems

4
4
4
4 navigable
navigable
navigable
navigable [
[
[
[
5nAvI^Ebl
5nAvI^Ebl
5nAvI^Ebl
5nAvI^Ebl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
航行
3
3
3
3 navigation
navigation
navigation
navigation [
[
[
[
7nAvI5^eIFEn
7nAvI5^eIFEn
7nAvI5^eIFEn
7nAvI5^eIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
航海

Both the national and state governments developed transportation
infrastructurebuilding canals roads bridges and railroads deepening harbors and
removing obstructions from navigable streams

4
4
4
4 moths
moths
moths
moths
（
moth[
moth[
moth[
moth[
mDW
mDW
mDW
mDW
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
蛾

When they
f
ly
how
ever brightly colored hind wings are exposed which render the
moths highly conspicuous

4
4
4
4 missions
missions
missions
missions
（
mission[
mission[
mission[
mission[
5mIFEn
5mIFEn
5mIFEn
5mIFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
务

Furthermore like the artisans
o
f
t
he Arts and Crafts Movement
i
n
E
ngland and the
United States art deep practitioners considered
i
t
t
heir mission to transform the
domestic environment through welldesigned furniture and household accessories

4
4
4
4 minuscule
minuscule
minuscule
minuscule [
[
[
[
mI5nQskjul
mI5nQskjul
mI5nQskjul
mI5nQskjul
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
草写字

At the same time the image that the spectator looked at expanded from the minuscule
peepshow dimensions
o
f
1 or 2 i
nches (in height) to the lifesize proportions
o
f
6 or 9
f
eet

4
4
4
4 mild
mild
mild
mild [
[
[
[
maIld
maIld
maIld
maIld
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
温

Modern barbed wire is made from mild steel hightensile steel or aluminum

4
4
4
4 metabolism
metabolism
metabolism
metabolism [
[
[
[
me5tAbElIzEm
me5tAbElIzEm
me5tAbElIzEm
me5tAbElIzEm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
新陈代谢
3
3
3
3 metabolic
metabolic
metabolic
metabolic [
[
[
[
7metE5bDlIk
7metE5bDlIk
7metE5bDlIk
7metE5bDlIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
代谢作

Growth reproduction and daily metabolism
a
ll
r
equire
a
n
or
ganism to expend
energy
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
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英语前线
老
师
Blog
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留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
119
119
119
119
4
4
4
4 m
esopotamia
mesopotamia
mesopotamia
mesopotamia [
[
[
[
7mesEJpE5teImjE7mIE
7mesEJpE5teImjE7mIE
7mesEJpE5teImjE7mIE
7mesEJpE5teImjE7mIE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
美索达米亚
3
3
3
3 mesopotamian
mesopotamian
mesopotamian
mesopotamian n
n
n
n
美索达米亚居民

Many
o
f
t
hese buildings were shaped
i
n
t
he ziggurat form
a
de
sign resembling
a
n
a
ncient Mesopotamian temple tower that recedes
i
n
pr
ogressively smaller stages to the
summit creating
a
s
taircaselike effect

4
4
4
4 merchandise
merchandise
merchandise
merchandise [
[
[
[
5m＼tFEndaIz
5m＼tFEndaIz
5m＼tFEndaIz
5m＼tFEndaIz
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
商品
v

v
v
v
买
卖营

The Arts and Crafts Movement reacted against mechanized processes that threatened
handcrafts and resulted
i
n
c
heapened monotonous merchandise

4
4
4
4 meaningful
meaningful
meaningful
meaningful [
[
[
[
5minINfJl
5minINfJl
5minINfJl
5minINfJl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
意味深长

Most people remember only
a
f
ew eventsusually ones that were meaningful and
distinctive

such as being hospitalized or
a
s
ibling
’
s
bi
rth

4
4
4
4 mating
mating
mating
mating
（
mate[
mate[
mate[
mate[
meIt
meIt
meIt
meIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

成配偶

Clues to this evolutionary process can be found
i
n
t
he activities
o
f
pl
ay and
i
n
t
he
behavior and movements
o
f
bi
rds during mating such as incessant pulling at strips
o
f
v
egetation or scraping
o
f
t
he soil

4
4
4
4 maser
maser
maser
maser [
[
[
[
5meIzE
5meIzE
5meIzE
5meIzE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
微波激射器

Before long many other physicists were building masers and trying to discover how to
produce stimulated emission at even shorter wavelengths

4
4
4
4 marshes
marshes
marshes
marshes
（
marsh[
marsh[
marsh[
marsh[
mBF
mBF
mBF
mBF
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
沼泽

Florida gars are sometimes seen
i
n
huge num
bers which is the result
o
f
l
ow water tha
t
c
onfines individuals from the expanses
o
f
t
he marshes to limited aquatic habitats where
they remain during the dry season

4
4
4
4 mallet
mallet
mallet
mallet [
[
[
[
5mAlIt
5mAlIt
5mAlIt
5mAlIt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
木槌

Sculptors have replaced the mallet and chisel with other tools

4
4
4
4 lumber
lumber
lumber
lumber [
[
[
[
5lQmbE
5lQmbE
5lQmbE
5lQmbE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
木材
v

v
v
v
采
伐




林木

The perishable commodities
o
f
t
rade generally came under state inspection and such
important frontier staples as lumber and gunpowder were also subject to state control

4
4
4
4 l
ug
lug
lug
lug [
[
[
[
lQ^
lQ^
lQ^
lQ^
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
手

On these rested the ends
o
f
a

lug pole from which pots were suspended when
cooking

4
4
4
4 loyalties
loyalties
loyalties
loyalties
（
loyalty[
loyalty[
loyalty[
loyalty[
5lCIEltI
5lCIEltI
5lCIEltI
5lCIEltI
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
忠诚

Workers were united
i
n
r
esenting the industrial system and their loss
o
f
s
tatus but they
were divided by ethnic and racial antagonisms gender conflicting religious
perspectives occupational differences political party loyalties and disagreements over
tactics

4
4
4
4 locomotive
locomotive
locomotive
locomotive [
[
[
[
7lEJkE5mEJtIv
7lEJkE5mEJtIv
7lEJkE5mEJtIv
7lEJkE5mEJtIv
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
火车头
4
4
4
4 locomotion
locomotion
locomotion
locomotion [
[
[
[
lEJkE5mEJF(E)n
lEJkE5mEJF(E)n
lEJkE5mEJF(E)n
lEJkE5mEJF(E)n
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
运动

But as the number
o
f
w
age earners
i
n
m
anufacturing rose from 27 million
i
n
1880 t
o
45 million
i
n
1900 t
o 84 million
i
n
1920 t
he number
o
f
huge pl
ants like the Baldwin
Locomotive Works
i
n
P
hiladelphia burgeoned as did the size
o
f
t
he average plant

4
4
4
4 lithospheric
lithospheric
lithospheric
lithospheric adj
adj
adj
adj
岩石圈

Some
o
f
t
he lithospheric plates carry ocean floor and others carry land masses or
a
c
ombination
o
f
t
he two types

4
4
4
4 licensing
licensing
licensing
licensing
（
license[
license[
license[
license[
5laIsEns
5laIsEns
5laIsEns
5laIsEns
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
执
v

v
v
v
许


Licensing targets reflected both similarities
i
n
a
nd differences between the economy
o
f
t
he nineteenth century and that
o
f
t
oday
i
n
t
he nineteenth century state regulation
through licensing fell especially
o
n
pe
ddlers innkeepers and retail merchants o
f
v
arious
kinds

4
4
4
4 lectures
lectures
lectures
lectures
（
lecture[
lecture[
lecture[
lecture[
5lektFE
5lektFE
5lektFE
5lektFE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
演讲
v

v
v
v
讲
演老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
119
119
119
119
4
4
4
4 m
esopotamia
mesopotamia
mesopotamia
mesopotamia [
[
[
[
7mesEJpE5teImjE7mIE
7mesEJpE5teImjE7mIE
7mesEJpE5teImjE7mIE
7mesEJpE5teImjE7mIE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
美索达米亚
3
3
3
3 mesopotamian
mesopotamian
mesopotamian
mesopotamian n
n
n
n
美索达米亚居民

Many
o
f
t
hese buildings were shaped
i
n
t
he ziggurat form
a
de
sign resembling
a
n
a
ncient Mesopotamian temple tower that recedes
i
n
pr
ogressively smaller stages to the
summit creating
a
s
taircaselike effect

4
4
4
4 merchandise
merchandise
merchandise
merchandise [
[
[
[
5m＼tFEndaIz
5m＼tFEndaIz
5m＼tFEndaIz
5m＼tFEndaIz
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
商品
v

v
v
v
买
卖营

The Arts and Crafts Movement reacted against mechanized processes that threatened
handcrafts and resulted
i
n
c
heapened monotonous merchandise

4
4
4
4 meaningful
meaningful
meaningful
meaningful [
[
[
[
5minINfJl
5minINfJl
5minINfJl
5minINfJl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
意味深长

Most people remember only
a
f
ew eventsusually ones that were meaningful and
distinctive

such as being hospitalized or
a
s
ibling
’
s
bi
rth

4
4
4
4 mating
mating
mating
mating
（
mate[
mate[
mate[
mate[
meIt
meIt
meIt
meIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

成配偶

Clues to this evolutionary process can be found
i
n
t
he activities
o
f
pl
ay and
i
n
t
he
behavior and movements
o
f
bi
rds during mating such as incessant pulling at strips
o
f
v
egetation or scraping
o
f
t
he soil

4
4
4
4 maser
maser
maser
maser [
[
[
[
5meIzE
5meIzE
5meIzE
5meIzE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
微波激射器

Before long many other physicists were building masers and trying to discover how to
produce stimulated emission at even shorter wavelengths

4
4
4
4 marshes
marshes
marshes
marshes
（
marsh[
marsh[
marsh[
marsh[
mBF
mBF
mBF
mBF
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
沼泽

Florida gars are sometimes seen
i
n
huge num
bers which is the result
o
f
l
ow water tha
t
c
onfines individuals from the expanses
o
f
t
he marshes to limited aquatic habitats where
they remain during the dry season

4
4
4
4 mallet
mallet
mallet
mallet [
[
[
[
5mAlIt
5mAlIt
5mAlIt
5mAlIt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
木槌

Sculptors have replaced the mallet and chisel with other tools

4
4
4
4 lumber
lumber
lumber
lumber [
[
[
[
5lQmbE
5lQmbE
5lQmbE
5lQmbE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
木材
v

v
v
v
采
伐




林木

The perishable commodities
o
f
t
rade generally came under state inspection and such
important frontier staples as lumber and gunpowder were also subject to state control

4
4
4
4 l
ug
lug
lug
lug [
[
[
[
lQ^
lQ^
lQ^
lQ^
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
手

On these rested the ends
o
f
a

lug pole from which pots were suspended when
cooking

4
4
4
4 loyalties
loyalties
loyalties
loyalties
（
loyalty[
loyalty[
loyalty[
loyalty[
5lCIEltI
5lCIEltI
5lCIEltI
5lCIEltI
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
忠诚

Workers were united
i
n
r
esenting the industrial system and their loss
o
f
s
tatus but they
were divided by ethnic and racial antagonisms gender conflicting religious
perspectives occupational differences political party loyalties and disagreements over
tactics

4
4
4
4 locomotive
locomotive
locomotive
locomotive [
[
[
[
7lEJkE5mEJtIv
7lEJkE5mEJtIv
7lEJkE5mEJtIv
7lEJkE5mEJtIv
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
火车头
4
4
4
4 locomotion
locomotion
locomotion
locomotion [
[
[
[
lEJkE5mEJF(E)n
lEJkE5mEJF(E)n
lEJkE5mEJF(E)n
lEJkE5mEJF(E)n
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
运动

But as the number
o
f
w
age earners
i
n
m
anufacturing rose from 27 million
i
n
1880 t
o
45 million
i
n
1900 t
o 84 million
i
n
1920 t
he number
o
f
huge pl
ants like the Baldwin
Locomotive Works
i
n
P
hiladelphia burgeoned as did the size
o
f
t
he average plant

4
4
4
4 lithospheric
lithospheric
lithospheric
lithospheric adj
adj
adj
adj
岩石圈

Some
o
f
t
he lithospheric plates carry ocean floor and others carry land masses or
a
c
ombination
o
f
t
he two types

4
4
4
4 licensing
licensing
licensing
licensing
（
license[
license[
license[
license[
5laIsEns
5laIsEns
5laIsEns
5laIsEns
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
执
v

v
v
v
许


Licensing targets reflected both similarities
i
n
a
nd differences between the economy
o
f
t
he nineteenth century and that
o
f
t
oday
i
n
t
he nineteenth century state regulation
through licensing fell especially
o
n
pe
ddlers innkeepers and retail merchants o
f
v
arious
kinds

4
4
4
4 lectures
lectures
lectures
lectures
（
lecture[
lecture[
lecture[
lecture[
5lektFE
5lektFE
5lektFE
5lektFE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
演讲
v

v
v
v
讲
演老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
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Toefl
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词汇红宝书
120
120
120
120

P
reviously large audiences had viewed spectacles at the theater where vaudeville
popular dramas musical and minstrel shows classical plays lectures and slideand
lantern shows had been presented to several hundred spectators at
a
t
ime

4
4
4
4 lasts
lasts
lasts
lasts
（
last[
last[
last[
last[
lBst
lBst
lBst
lBst
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
持
续

As the snow is deeper and lasts longer
i
n
t
he valleys trees tend to attain greater heights
o
n
t
he ridges even though they are more exposed to highvelocity winds and poor thin
soils there

4
4
4
4 lamented
lamented
lamented
lamented
（
lament[
lament[
lament[
lament[
lE5ment
lE5ment
lE5ment
lE5ment
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
哀
悼

Deeply philosophical historians such as Henry Adams lamented the role that the new
frenzy for business was playing
i
n
e
roding traditional values

4
4
4
4 kerosene
kerosene
kerosene
kerosene [
[
[
[
5kerEsin
5kerEsin
5kerEsin
5kerEsin
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
煤油

At
a
r
efinery the crude
o
il
f
rom underground is separated into natural gas gasoline
kerosene and various oils

4
4
4
4 journal
journal
journal
journal [
[
[
[
5dV＼nl
5dV＼nl
5dV＼nl
5dV＼nl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
杂志
3
3
3
3 journalism
journalism
journalism
journalism [
[
[
[
5dV＼nElIzEm
5dV＼nElIzEm
5dV＼nElIzEm
5dV＼nElIzEm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
新闻业

Towns and Schawlow published their ideas
i
n
a
s
cientific journal Physical Review
Letter but Gould filed
a
pa
tent application

4
4
4
4 jewelry
jewelry
jewelry
jewelry [
[
[
[
5dVuElrI
5dVuElrI
5dVuElrI
5dVuElrI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
珠宝

The women made baskets and pottery the men wove textile and crafted turpoise
jewelry
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4
4
4
4 jaws
jaws
jaws
jaws
（
jaw[
jaw[
jaw[
jaw[
dVC
dVC
dVC
dVC
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
咽喉

These flying reptiles had large toothfilled jaws but their bodies were small and
probably without the necessary powerful muscles for sustained wing movement

4
4
4
4 invaders
invaders
invaders
invaders
（
invader[
invader[
invader[
invader[
In5veIdE
In5veIdE
In5veIdE
In5veIdE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
入侵者
4
4
4
4 invade
invade
invade
invade [
[
[
[
In5veId
In5veId
In5veId
In5veId
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
侵
略

The immune system recognizes and takes action against foreign invaders and
transplanted tissues that are treated as foreign cells

4
4
4
4 inferior
inferior
inferior
inferior [
[
[
[
In5fIErIE
In5fIErIE
In5fIErIE
In5fIErIE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
等

The photographer used inferior equipment

4
4
4
4 indispensable
indispensable
indispensable
indispensable [
[
[
[
7IndIs5pensEbl
7IndIs5pensEbl
7IndIs5pensEbl
7IndIs5pensEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
缺少

Moreover for any species the study
o
f
t
he embryological development
o
f
t
he nervou
s
s
ystem is indispensable for
a
n
unde
rstanding
o
f
a
dult morphology

4
4
4
4 incidental
incidental
incidental
incidental [
[
[
[
7InsI5dentl
7InsI5dentl
7InsI5dentl
7InsI5dentl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
附带

What varies is not the basic form but the incidental details that do not obstruct the
object＇s primary function
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4
4
4
4 implications
implications
implications
implications
（
implication[
implication[
implication[
implication[
7ImplI5keIFEn
7ImplI5keIFEn
7ImplI5keIFEn
7ImplI5keIFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
含意

But several questions remain unanswered how frequently meat eating occurred what
the social implications
o
f
m
eat eating were and whether the increased use
o
f
m
eat
coincides with the beginnings
o
f
t
he use
o
f
hom
e bases

4
4
4
4 immense
immense
immense
immense [
[
[
[
I5mens
I5mens
I5mens
I5mens
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
极广

When each fragment slammed at 60 kilometers per second into the dense atmosphere
its immense kinetic energy was transformed into heat producing
a
s
uperheated fireball
that was ejected back through the tunnel the fragment had made
a
f
ew seconds earlier

4
4
4
4 ignited
ignited
ignited
ignited
（
ignit
ignit
ignit
ignite
e
e
e[
[
[
[
I^5naIt
I^5naIt
I^5naIt
I^5naIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
点
燃

The flash was fired by piercing the bulb and allowing the oxygen to come into contac
t
w
ith the metal which ignited spontaneously

4
4
4
4 icy
icy
icy
icy [
[
[
[
5aIsI
5aIsI
5aIsI
5aIsI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
冰

The impact caused
a
n
e
xplosion clearly visible from Earth
a
br
ight flaming fire that老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
120
120
120
120

P
reviously large audiences had viewed spectacles at the theater where vaudeville
popular dramas musical and minstrel shows classical plays lectures and slideand
lantern shows had been presented to several hundred spectators at
a
t
ime

4
4
4
4 lasts
lasts
lasts
lasts
（
last[
last[
last[
last[
lBst
lBst
lBst
lBst
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
持
续

As the snow is deeper and lasts longer
i
n
t
he valleys trees tend to attain greater heights
o
n
t
he ridges even though they are more exposed to highvelocity winds and poor thin
soils there

4
4
4
4 lamented
lamented
lamented
lamented
（
lament[
lament[
lament[
lament[
lE5ment
lE5ment
lE5ment
lE5ment
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
哀
悼

Deeply philosophical historians such as Henry Adams lamented the role that the new
frenzy for business was playing
i
n
e
roding traditional values

4
4
4
4 kerosene
kerosene
kerosene
kerosene [
[
[
[
5kerEsin
5kerEsin
5kerEsin
5kerEsin
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
煤油

At
a
r
efinery the crude
o
il
f
rom underground is separated into natural gas gasoline
kerosene and various oils

4
4
4
4 journal
journal
journal
journal [
[
[
[
5dV＼nl
5dV＼nl
5dV＼nl
5dV＼nl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
杂志
3
3
3
3 journalism
journalism
journalism
journalism [
[
[
[
5dV＼nElIzEm
5dV＼nElIzEm
5dV＼nElIzEm
5dV＼nElIzEm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
新闻业

Towns and Schawlow published their ideas
i
n
a
s
cientific journal Physical Review
Letter but Gould filed
a
pa
tent application

4
4
4
4 jewelry
jewelry
jewelry
jewelry [
[
[
[
5dVuElrI
5dVuElrI
5dVuElrI
5dVuElrI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
珠宝

The women made baskets and pottery the men wove textile and crafted turpoise
jewelry
老师
Blog
：
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留学英语前线
4
4
4
4 jaws
jaws
jaws
jaws
（
jaw[
jaw[
jaw[
jaw[
dVC
dVC
dVC
dVC
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
咽喉

These flying reptiles had large toothfilled jaws but their bodies were small and
probably without the necessary powerful muscles for sustained wing movement

4
4
4
4 invaders
invaders
invaders
invaders
（
invader[
invader[
invader[
invader[
In5veIdE
In5veIdE
In5veIdE
In5veIdE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
入侵者
4
4
4
4 invade
invade
invade
invade [
[
[
[
In5veId
In5veId
In5veId
In5veId
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
侵
略

The immune system recognizes and takes action against foreign invaders and
transplanted tissues that are treated as foreign cells

4
4
4
4 inferior
inferior
inferior
inferior [
[
[
[
In5fIErIE
In5fIErIE
In5fIErIE
In5fIErIE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
等

The photographer used inferior equipment

4
4
4
4 indispensable
indispensable
indispensable
indispensable [
[
[
[
7IndIs5pensEbl
7IndIs5pensEbl
7IndIs5pensEbl
7IndIs5pensEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
缺少

Moreover for any species the study
o
f
t
he embryological development
o
f
t
he nervou
s
s
ystem is indispensable for
a
n
unde
rstanding
o
f
a
dult morphology

4
4
4
4 incidental
incidental
incidental
incidental [
[
[
[
7InsI5dentl
7InsI5dentl
7InsI5dentl
7InsI5dentl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
附带

What varies is not the basic form but the incidental details that do not obstruct the
object＇s primary function
老师
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4
4
4
4 implications
implications
implications
implications
（
implication[
implication[
implication[
implication[
7ImplI5keIFEn
7ImplI5keIFEn
7ImplI5keIFEn
7ImplI5keIFEn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
含意

But several questions remain unanswered how frequently meat eating occurred what
the social implications
o
f
m
eat eating were and whether the increased use
o
f
m
eat
coincides with the beginnings
o
f
t
he use
o
f
hom
e bases

4
4
4
4 immense
immense
immense
immense [
[
[
[
I5mens
I5mens
I5mens
I5mens
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
极广

When each fragment slammed at 60 kilometers per second into the dense atmosphere
its immense kinetic energy was transformed into heat producing
a
s
uperheated fireball
that was ejected back through the tunnel the fragment had made
a
f
ew seconds earlier

4
4
4
4 ignited
ignited
ignited
ignited
（
ignit
ignit
ignit
ignite
e
e
e[
[
[
[
I^5naIt
I^5naIt
I^5naIt
I^5naIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
点
燃

The flash was fired by piercing the bulb and allowing the oxygen to come into contac
t
w
ith the metal which ignited spontaneously

4
4
4
4 icy
icy
icy
icy [
[
[
[
5aIsI
5aIsI
5aIsI
5aIsI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
冰

The impact caused
a
n
e
xplosion clearly visible from Earth
a
br
ight flaming fire that老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
121
121
121
121
qui
ckly expanded as each icy mass incinerated itself

4
4
4
4 humanity
humanity
humanity
humanity [
[
[
[
hjJ()5mAnItI
hjJ()5mAnItI
hjJ()5mAnItI
hjJ()5mAnItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
性
3
3
3
3 humanitarian
humanitarian
humanitarian
humanitarian [
[
[
[
hjJ()7mAnI5teErIEn
hjJ()7mAnI5teErIEn
hjJ()7mAnI5teErIEn
hjJ()7mAnI5teErIEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
道义者

Humanity＇s primal efforts to systematize the concepts
o
f
s
ize shapes and number are
usually regarded as the earliest mathematics

4
4
4
4 host
host
host
host [
[
[
[
hEJst
hEJst
hEJst
hEJst
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n


In 1866 the National Academy
o
f
D
esign was host to
a
n
e
xhibition
o
f
w
atercolor
painting
i
n
i
ts elaborate neoVenetian Gothic building
o
n
T
wentyThird Street
i
n
N
ew
Y
ork
C
ity

4
4
4
4 horns
horns
horns
horns
（
horn[
horn[
horn[
horn[
hCn
hCn
hCn
hCn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
角

In addition depending
o
n
t
he locality other resources may be accessible shells horns
gold copper and silver

4
4
4
4 horizontal
horizontal
horizontal
horizontal [
[
[
[
7hDrI5zDntl
7hDrI5zDntl
7hDrI5zDntl
7hDrI5zDntl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
水线
adj
adj
adj
adj
线水

The second manifestation
o
f
a
rt deco was the 1930
’
s
s
treamlined moderne style—
a
F
uturisticlooking aerodynamic style
o
f
r
ounded corners and horizontal bands known as
speed stripes

4
4
4
4 honor
honor
honor
honor [
[
[
[
5DnE
5DnE
5DnE
5DnE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
荣誉

The fossil was officially named Pakicefus
i
n
honor
o
f
t
he country where the discovery
was made

4
4
4
4 honest
honest
honest
honest [
[
[
[
5DnIst
5DnIst
5DnIst
5DnIst
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
诚实

Naturalists brought to their writing
a
pa
ssion for direct and honest experience

4
4
4
4 hibernating(hibernate[
hibernating(hibernate[
hibernating(hibernate[
hibernating(hibernate[
5haIbEneIt
5haIbEneIt
5haIbEneIt
5haIbEneIt
])
])
])
])
v

v
v
v
冬
眠

One compensation for not hibernating is the builtin urge to migrate

4
4
4
4 heel
heel
heel
heel [
[
[
[
hil
hil
hil
hil
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
脚

Examination
o
f
he s
hape
o
f
t
he prints revealed to Mary Leakey that the feet had
a
r
aised arch
a
r
ounded heel
a
pr
onounced ball and
a
bi
g toe that pointed forward

4
4
4
4 headquarters
headquarters
headquarters
headquarters
（
headquarter[
headquarter[
headquarter[
headquarter[
7hed5kwCtE
7hed5kwCtE
7hed5kwCtE
7hed5kwCtE
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v





作
总部
n
n
n
n





作总部

Later
o
n
i
n
t
he early years
o
f
t
he nineteenth century when Fort Vancouver became the
headquarters
o
f
t
he Hudson＇s Bay Company deer populations continued to fluctuate
David Douglas Scottish botanical explorer
o
f
t
he 1830s

4
4
4
4 hazard
hazard
hazard
hazard [
[
[
[
5hAzEd
5hAzEd
5hAzEd
5hAzEd
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
危险

Such impacts continue to pose
a
na
tural hazard to life
o
n
E
arth

4
4
4
4 harmony
harmony
harmony
harmony [
[
[
[
5hBmEnI
5hBmEnI
5hBmEnI
5hBmEnI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
睦




协调

Unlike string and wind instrument the piano is completely selfsufficient as
i
t
i
s able
to play both the melody and its accompanying harmony at the same time

4
4
4
4 harbor
harbor
harbor
harbor [
[
[
[
5hBbE
5hBbE
5hBbE
5hBbE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
港湾

The city had
a
s
uperb natural harbor as well as excellent rail connections

4
4
4
4 guncotton
guncotton
guncotton
guncotton n
n
n
n
棉火药

He did this by passing air through guncotton filters the fibers
o
f
w
hich stop solid
particles

4
4
4
4 gosling
gosling
gosling
gosling [
[
[
[
5^DzlIN
5^DzlIN
5^DzlIN
5^DzlIN
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
年轻知者

I
f
t
he mother goose is not present during this time but
a
n
ob
ject resembling her
i
n
i
mportant features is young goslings may imprint
o
n it
i
nstead

4
4
4
4 gin
gin
gin
gin [
[
[
[
dVIn
dVIn
dVIn
dVIn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
杜松子酒

American producers were able to meet this demand largely because
o
f
t
ile invention
o
f
t
he cotton gin by Eli Whitney
i
n
1793
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
121
121
121
121
qui
ckly expanded as each icy mass incinerated itself

4
4
4
4 humanity
humanity
humanity
humanity [
[
[
[
hjJ()5mAnItI
hjJ()5mAnItI
hjJ()5mAnItI
hjJ()5mAnItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
性
3
3
3
3 humanitarian
humanitarian
humanitarian
humanitarian [
[
[
[
hjJ()7mAnI5teErIEn
hjJ()7mAnI5teErIEn
hjJ()7mAnI5teErIEn
hjJ()7mAnI5teErIEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
道义者

Humanity＇s primal efforts to systematize the concepts
o
f
s
ize shapes and number are
usually regarded as the earliest mathematics

4
4
4
4 host
host
host
host [
[
[
[
hEJst
hEJst
hEJst
hEJst
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n


In 1866 the National Academy
o
f
D
esign was host to
a
n
e
xhibition
o
f
w
atercolor
painting
i
n
i
ts elaborate neoVenetian Gothic building
o
n
T
wentyThird Street
i
n
N
ew
Y
ork
C
ity

4
4
4
4 horns
horns
horns
horns
（
horn[
horn[
horn[
horn[
hCn
hCn
hCn
hCn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
角

In addition depending
o
n
t
he locality other resources may be accessible shells horns
gold copper and silver

4
4
4
4 horizontal
horizontal
horizontal
horizontal [
[
[
[
7hDrI5zDntl
7hDrI5zDntl
7hDrI5zDntl
7hDrI5zDntl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
水线
adj
adj
adj
adj
线水

The second manifestation
o
f
a
rt deco was the 1930
’
s
s
treamlined moderne style—
a
F
uturisticlooking aerodynamic style
o
f
r
ounded corners and horizontal bands known as
speed stripes

4
4
4
4 honor
honor
honor
honor [
[
[
[
5DnE
5DnE
5DnE
5DnE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
荣誉

The fossil was officially named Pakicefus
i
n
honor
o
f
t
he country where the discovery
was made

4
4
4
4 honest
honest
honest
honest [
[
[
[
5DnIst
5DnIst
5DnIst
5DnIst
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
诚实

Naturalists brought to their writing
a
pa
ssion for direct and honest experience

4
4
4
4 hibernating(hibernate[
hibernating(hibernate[
hibernating(hibernate[
hibernating(hibernate[
5haIbEneIt
5haIbEneIt
5haIbEneIt
5haIbEneIt
])
])
])
])
v

v
v
v
冬
眠

One compensation for not hibernating is the builtin urge to migrate

4
4
4
4 heel
heel
heel
heel [
[
[
[
hil
hil
hil
hil
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
脚

Examination
o
f
he s
hape
o
f
t
he prints revealed to Mary Leakey that the feet had
a
r
aised arch
a
r
ounded heel
a
pr
onounced ball and
a
bi
g toe that pointed forward

4
4
4
4 headquarters
headquarters
headquarters
headquarters
（
headquarter[
headquarter[
headquarter[
headquarter[
7hed5kwCtE
7hed5kwCtE
7hed5kwCtE
7hed5kwCtE
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v





作
总部
n
n
n
n





作总部

Later
o
n
i
n
t
he early years
o
f
t
he nineteenth century when Fort Vancouver became the
headquarters
o
f
t
he Hudson＇s Bay Company deer populations continued to fluctuate
David Douglas Scottish botanical explorer
o
f
t
he 1830s

4
4
4
4 hazard
hazard
hazard
hazard [
[
[
[
5hAzEd
5hAzEd
5hAzEd
5hAzEd
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
危险

Such impacts continue to pose
a
na
tural hazard to life
o
n
E
arth

4
4
4
4 harmony
harmony
harmony
harmony [
[
[
[
5hBmEnI
5hBmEnI
5hBmEnI
5hBmEnI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
睦




协调

Unlike string and wind instrument the piano is completely selfsufficient as
i
t
i
s able
to play both the melody and its accompanying harmony at the same time

4
4
4
4 harbor
harbor
harbor
harbor [
[
[
[
5hBbE
5hBbE
5hBbE
5hBbE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
港湾

The city had
a
s
uperb natural harbor as well as excellent rail connections

4
4
4
4 guncotton
guncotton
guncotton
guncotton n
n
n
n
棉火药

He did this by passing air through guncotton filters the fibers
o
f
w
hich stop solid
particles

4
4
4
4 gosling
gosling
gosling
gosling [
[
[
[
5^DzlIN
5^DzlIN
5^DzlIN
5^DzlIN
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
年轻知者

I
f
t
he mother goose is not present during this time but
a
n
ob
ject resembling her
i
n
i
mportant features is young goslings may imprint
o
n it
i
nstead

4
4
4
4 gin
gin
gin
gin [
[
[
[
dVIn
dVIn
dVIn
dVIn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
杜松子酒

American producers were able to meet this demand largely because
o
f
t
ile invention
o
f
t
he cotton gin by Eli Whitney
i
n
1793
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
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：
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Toefl
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词汇红宝书
122
122
122
122
4
4
4
4 gi
gantic
gigantic
gigantic
gigantic [
[
[
[
dVaI5^AntIk
dVaI5^AntIk
dVaI5^AntIk
dVaI5^AntIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
巨

Scientists speculate
i
t
m
ight be
a
gi
gantic hurricane which because
o
f
i
ts large size the
Earth could easily fit inside it lasts for hundreds
o
f
y
ears

4
4
4
4 gear
gear
gear
gear [
[
[
[
^IE
^IE
^IE
^IE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
齿轮

Airplanes retract their landing gear while
i
n
f
light for the same reason

4
4
4
4 fusion
fusion
fusion
fusion [
[
[
[
5fjuVEn
5fjuVEn
5fjuVEn
5fjuVEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
熔化




熔合

New Sweden founded
i
n
1638 L
oose organization and local autonomy fostered
a
c
ultural Line fusion between native and settler cultures that proved one
o
f
t
he most
notable—and least 5 understood—developments
o
f
e
arly NorthAmerican history

4
4
4
4 frogs
frogs
frogs
frogs
（
frog[
frog[
frog[
frog[
frD^
frD^
frD^
frD^
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
蛙

Similarly some frogs and lizards have brightly colored patches or frills that may serve
a
f
lash function when they move quickly

老师
Blog
：
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4
4
4
4 frequency
frequency
frequency
frequency [
[
[
[
5frikwEnsI
5frikwEnsI
5frikwEnsI
5frikwEnsI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
频率

The intensily and frequency
o
f
t
he events discouraged development and contributed to
persistent poverty
i
n
t
he valley

4
4
4
4 formulas
formulas
formulas
formulas
（
formula[
formula[
formula[
formula[
5fCmjJlE
5fCmjJlE
5fCmjJlE
5fCmjJlE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
公式规

In full computer animation complex mathematical formulas are used to produce the
final sequence
o
f
pi
ctures

4
4
4
4 forehead
forehead
forehead
forehead [
[
[
[
5fDrId 5fChed
5fDrId 5fChed
5fDrId 5fChed
5fDrId 5fChed
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
前额




前部

The experiment called for fanuliarizing the animal with the mirror and then marking
the animal＇s forehead with
a
r
ed spot

4
4
4
4 fortuitous
fortuitous
fortuitous
fortuitous [
[
[
[
fC5tjJ()ItEs
fC5tjJ()ItEs
fC5tjJ()ItEs
fC5tjJ()ItEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
偶然

On
a
1948 v
acation Hazen fortuitously collected
a
c
lump
o
f
s
oil from the edge
o
f
W

B

Nourse＇s cow pasture Hazen fortuitously collected
a
c
lump
o
f
s
oil from the edge
o
f
W
B
Nourse＇s cow pasture
i
n
F
auquier County Virginia that when tested revealed the
presence
o
f
t
he microorganisms

4
4
4
4 flush
flush
flush
flush [
[
[
[
flQF
flQF
flQF
flQF
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
发
红放水（卫生间）

The eyes lie flush with the body and do not protrude at all

4
4
4
4 fluid
fluid
fluid
fluid [
[
[
[
5flJ()Id
5flJ()Id
5flJ()Id
5flJ()Id
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
液体
adj
adj
adj
adj
流动

It is thought to be
a
ga
seous and fluid planet without solid surfaces

4
4
4
4 flaked
flaked
flaked
flaked
（
flake[
flake[
flake[
flake[
fleIk
fleIk
fleIk
fleIk
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
薄片
v

v
v
v

成薄片

One important line
o
f
e
vidence comes from flaking patterns
o
f
s
tone cores used
i
n
t
oolmaking implements flaked with
a
c
lockwise motion (indicating
a
r
ighthanded
toolmaker) can be distinguished from those flaked with
a
c
ounterclockwise rotation
(indicating
a
l
efthanded toolmaker)

4
4
4
4 firearms
firearms
firearms
firearms
（
firearm[
firearm[
firearm[
firearm[
5faIErBm
5faIErBm
5faIErBm
5faIErBm
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
火器枪炮

In France and England unlike Scandinavia hunting had been long reserved for the
nobility and so few French and English settlers had much experience
i
n
ha
ndling
firearms or understanding the patterns
o
f
ga
me animals

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
4
4
4
4 feldspar
feldspar
feldspar
feldspar [
[
[
[
5feldspB
5feldspB
5feldspB
5feldspB
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
长石

Feldspar which is the most abundant mineral
o
n
t
he Earth＇s surface is basically made
up
o
f
t
he oxides silica and alumina combined with alkalies like potassium and some so
called impurities such as iron

4
4
4
4 fathoms
fathoms
fathoms
fathoms
（
fathom[
fathom[
fathom[
fathom[
5fATEm
5fATEm
5fATEm
5fATEm
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
深度单位

The zoologist Edward Forbes argued that no life existed below
a
de
pth
o
f
300 f
athom
s
(
about 600 meters)
a
v
iew widely accepted until disproved by the voyage
o
f
t
he British
research vessel HMS Challenger (18721876)

4
4
4
4 fate
fate
fate
fate [
[
[
[
feIt
feIt
feIt
feIt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
命运老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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师
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：
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
122
122
122
122
4
4
4
4 gi
gantic
gigantic
gigantic
gigantic [
[
[
[
dVaI5^AntIk
dVaI5^AntIk
dVaI5^AntIk
dVaI5^AntIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
巨

Scientists speculate
i
t
m
ight be
a
gi
gantic hurricane which because
o
f
i
ts large size the
Earth could easily fit inside it lasts for hundreds
o
f
y
ears

4
4
4
4 gear
gear
gear
gear [
[
[
[
^IE
^IE
^IE
^IE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
齿轮

Airplanes retract their landing gear while
i
n
f
light for the same reason

4
4
4
4 fusion
fusion
fusion
fusion [
[
[
[
5fjuVEn
5fjuVEn
5fjuVEn
5fjuVEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
熔化




熔合

New Sweden founded
i
n
1638 L
oose organization and local autonomy fostered
a
c
ultural Line fusion between native and settler cultures that proved one
o
f
t
he most
notable—and least 5 understood—developments
o
f
e
arly NorthAmerican history

4
4
4
4 frogs
frogs
frogs
frogs
（
frog[
frog[
frog[
frog[
frD^
frD^
frD^
frD^
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
蛙

Similarly some frogs and lizards have brightly colored patches or frills that may serve
a
f
lash function when they move quickly

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Blog
：
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4
4
4
4 frequency
frequency
frequency
frequency [
[
[
[
5frikwEnsI
5frikwEnsI
5frikwEnsI
5frikwEnsI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
频率

The intensily and frequency
o
f
t
he events discouraged development and contributed to
persistent poverty
i
n
t
he valley

4
4
4
4 formulas
formulas
formulas
formulas
（
formula[
formula[
formula[
formula[
5fCmjJlE
5fCmjJlE
5fCmjJlE
5fCmjJlE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
公式规

In full computer animation complex mathematical formulas are used to produce the
final sequence
o
f
pi
ctures

4
4
4
4 forehead
forehead
forehead
forehead [
[
[
[
5fDrId 5fChed
5fDrId 5fChed
5fDrId 5fChed
5fDrId 5fChed
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
前额




前部

The experiment called for fanuliarizing the animal with the mirror and then marking
the animal＇s forehead with
a
r
ed spot

4
4
4
4 fortuitous
fortuitous
fortuitous
fortuitous [
[
[
[
fC5tjJ()ItEs
fC5tjJ()ItEs
fC5tjJ()ItEs
fC5tjJ()ItEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
偶然

On
a
1948 v
acation Hazen fortuitously collected
a
c
lump
o
f
s
oil from the edge
o
f
W

B

Nourse＇s cow pasture Hazen fortuitously collected
a
c
lump
o
f
s
oil from the edge
o
f
W
B
Nourse＇s cow pasture
i
n
F
auquier County Virginia that when tested revealed the
presence
o
f
t
he microorganisms

4
4
4
4 flush
flush
flush
flush [
[
[
[
flQF
flQF
flQF
flQF
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
发
红放水（卫生间）

The eyes lie flush with the body and do not protrude at all

4
4
4
4 fluid
fluid
fluid
fluid [
[
[
[
5flJ()Id
5flJ()Id
5flJ()Id
5flJ()Id
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
液体
adj
adj
adj
adj
流动

It is thought to be
a
ga
seous and fluid planet without solid surfaces

4
4
4
4 flaked
flaked
flaked
flaked
（
flake[
flake[
flake[
flake[
fleIk
fleIk
fleIk
fleIk
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
薄片
v

v
v
v

成薄片

One important line
o
f
e
vidence comes from flaking patterns
o
f
s
tone cores used
i
n
t
oolmaking implements flaked with
a
c
lockwise motion (indicating
a
r
ighthanded
toolmaker) can be distinguished from those flaked with
a
c
ounterclockwise rotation
(indicating
a
l
efthanded toolmaker)

4
4
4
4 firearms
firearms
firearms
firearms
（
firearm[
firearm[
firearm[
firearm[
5faIErBm
5faIErBm
5faIErBm
5faIErBm
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
火器枪炮

In France and England unlike Scandinavia hunting had been long reserved for the
nobility and so few French and English settlers had much experience
i
n
ha
ndling
firearms or understanding the patterns
o
f
ga
me animals

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
4
4
4
4 feldspar
feldspar
feldspar
feldspar [
[
[
[
5feldspB
5feldspB
5feldspB
5feldspB
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
长石

Feldspar which is the most abundant mineral
o
n
t
he Earth＇s surface is basically made
up
o
f
t
he oxides silica and alumina combined with alkalies like potassium and some so
called impurities such as iron

4
4
4
4 fathoms
fathoms
fathoms
fathoms
（
fathom[
fathom[
fathom[
fathom[
5fATEm
5fATEm
5fATEm
5fATEm
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
深度单位

The zoologist Edward Forbes argued that no life existed below
a
de
pth
o
f
300 f
athom
s
(
about 600 meters)
a
v
iew widely accepted until disproved by the voyage
o
f
t
he British
research vessel HMS Challenger (18721876)

4
4
4
4 fate
fate
fate
fate [
[
[
[
feIt
feIt
feIt
feIt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
命运老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
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英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
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留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
123
123
123
123

P
ushing evolutionary theory to its limits they wrote
o
f
a
w
orld
i
n
w
hich
a
c
ruel and
merciless environment determined human fate

4
4
4
4 facilitate
facilitate
facilitate
facilitate [
[
[
[
fE5sIlIteIt
fE5sIlIteIt
fE5sIlIteIt
fE5sIlIteIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v

容易促进

Molds were used to create particular effects for some products such as relief
decorated vessels and figurines for other products such as roof tiles which were
needed
i
n
s
ome quantity they were used to facilitate mass production

4
4
4
4 fortunate
fortunate
fortunate
fortunate [
[
[
[
5fCtFEnIt
5fCtFEnIt
5fCtFEnIt
5fCtFEnIt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
幸运

For the most part the remains
o
f
or
ganisms are recycled
i
n
t
he earth which is
fortunate because otherwise soil and water would soon become depleted
o
f
e
ssential
nutrients

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
4
4
4
4 experimentation
experimentation
experimentation
experimentation [
[
[
[
eks7perImen5teIFEn
eks7perImen5teIFEn
eks7perImen5teIFEn
eks7perImen5teIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
实验

The earliest cultivation seems to have taken place along the river valleys
o
f
t
he
Midwest and the Southeast with experimentation beginning as early as 7000 years
agoand domestication beginning 4000 to 2000 years ago

4
4
4
4 expenditure
expenditure
expenditure
expenditure [
[
[
[
Iks5pendItFE eks
Iks5pendItFE eks
Iks5pendItFE eks
Iks5pendItFE eks
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
开支

New waterways were needed Sectional jealousies and constitutional scruples stood i
n
t
he way
o
f
a
ction by the federal government and necessary expenditures were too great
for private enterprise

4
4
4
4 ethnic
ethnic
ethnic
ethnic [
[
[
[
5eWnIk
5eWnIk
5eWnIk
5eWnIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
种族

The philosophy
o
f
t
he movement combined realism ethnic
L
in
c
onsciousness and
Americanism

4
4
4
4 essence
essence
essence
essence [
[
[
[
5esns
5esns
5esns
5esns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
基精髓

The essence
o
f
t
he Olmsted park plan was to develop
a
c
ontinuous driveway twenty
miles long that would tie together
a
w
hole series
o
f
pa
rks playgrounds and
parkways

4
4
4
4 envision
envision
envision
envision [
[
[
[
In5vIVEn
In5vIVEn
In5vIVEn
In5vIVEn
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
想
预想

However unlike the cases
o
f
s
ea otters and pinnipeds (seals sea lions and walruses
whose limbs are functional both
o
n
l
and and at sea)
i
t
i
s not easy to envision what the
first whales looked like

4
4
4
4 enveloped
enveloped
enveloped
enveloped
（
envelop[
envelop[
envelop[
envelop[
In5velEp
In5velEp
In5velEp
In5velEp
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
包
围遮盖

A
s
econd more dense atmosphere however gradually enveloped Earth as gasses from
molten rocks within its hot interior escaped through volcanoes and steam vents

4
4
4
4 enriched
enriched
enriched
enriched
（
enrich[
enrich[
enrich[
enrich[
In5rItF
In5rItF
In5rItF
In5rItF
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

富裕丰富

This sediment layer is enriched
i
n
t
he rare metal iridium and other elements that are
relatively abundant
i
n
a
m
eteorite but very rare
i
n
t
he crust
o
f
E
arth

4
4
4
4 endangered
endangered
endangered
endangered
（
endanger[
endanger[
endanger[
endanger[
In5deIndVE
In5deIndVE
In5deIndVE
In5deIndVE
]
]
]
]
）
adj
adj
adj
adj
危险

On the other hand when
i
t
c
omes to substantiveparticularly behavioralinformation
crows are less well known than many comparably common species and for that matter
not
a
f
ew quite uncommon ones the endangered California condor to cite one obvious
example

老师
Blog
：
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留学英语前线
4
4
4
4 embers
embers
embers
embers
（
ember[
ember[
ember[
ember[
5embE
5embE
5embE
5embE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
灰烬

This is said to have worked well when
i
t
w
as placed
i
n
t
he fireplace surrounded by
glowing wood embers with more embers piled
o
n
i
ts lid

4
4
4
4 dynamic
dynamic
dynamic
dynamic [
[
[
[
daI5nAmIk
daI5nAmIk
daI5nAmIk
daI5nAmIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
动力学动力

These expeditions were likely driven by population growth and political dynamics
o
n
t
he home islands as well as the challenge and excitement
o
f
e
xploring unknown
waters

4
4
4
4 drift
drift
drift
drift [
[
[
[
drIft
drIft
drIft
drIft
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
漂
漂流
n
n
n
n
漂流

SouthAmericans who drifted
o
n
ba
lsawood rafts and the prevailing wind and current老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
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Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
123
123
123
123

P
ushing evolutionary theory to its limits they wrote
o
f
a
w
orld
i
n
w
hich
a
c
ruel and
merciless environment determined human fate

4
4
4
4 facilitate
facilitate
facilitate
facilitate [
[
[
[
fE5sIlIteIt
fE5sIlIteIt
fE5sIlIteIt
fE5sIlIteIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v

容易促进

Molds were used to create particular effects for some products such as relief
decorated vessels and figurines for other products such as roof tiles which were
needed
i
n
s
ome quantity they were used to facilitate mass production

4
4
4
4 fortunate
fortunate
fortunate
fortunate [
[
[
[
5fCtFEnIt
5fCtFEnIt
5fCtFEnIt
5fCtFEnIt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
幸运

For the most part the remains
o
f
or
ganisms are recycled
i
n
t
he earth which is
fortunate because otherwise soil and water would soon become depleted
o
f
e
ssential
nutrients

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
4
4
4
4 experimentation
experimentation
experimentation
experimentation [
[
[
[
eks7perImen5teIFEn
eks7perImen5teIFEn
eks7perImen5teIFEn
eks7perImen5teIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
实验

The earliest cultivation seems to have taken place along the river valleys
o
f
t
he
Midwest and the Southeast with experimentation beginning as early as 7000 years
agoand domestication beginning 4000 to 2000 years ago

4
4
4
4 expenditure
expenditure
expenditure
expenditure [
[
[
[
Iks5pendItFE eks
Iks5pendItFE eks
Iks5pendItFE eks
Iks5pendItFE eks
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
开支

New waterways were needed Sectional jealousies and constitutional scruples stood i
n
t
he way
o
f
a
ction by the federal government and necessary expenditures were too great
for private enterprise

4
4
4
4 ethnic
ethnic
ethnic
ethnic [
[
[
[
5eWnIk
5eWnIk
5eWnIk
5eWnIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
种族

The philosophy
o
f
t
he movement combined realism ethnic
L
in
c
onsciousness and
Americanism

4
4
4
4 essence
essence
essence
essence [
[
[
[
5esns
5esns
5esns
5esns
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
基精髓

The essence
o
f
t
he Olmsted park plan was to develop
a
c
ontinuous driveway twenty
miles long that would tie together
a
w
hole series
o
f
pa
rks playgrounds and
parkways

4
4
4
4 envision
envision
envision
envision [
[
[
[
In5vIVEn
In5vIVEn
In5vIVEn
In5vIVEn
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
想
预想

However unlike the cases
o
f
s
ea otters and pinnipeds (seals sea lions and walruses
whose limbs are functional both
o
n
l
and and at sea)
i
t
i
s not easy to envision what the
first whales looked like

4
4
4
4 enveloped
enveloped
enveloped
enveloped
（
envelop[
envelop[
envelop[
envelop[
In5velEp
In5velEp
In5velEp
In5velEp
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
包
围遮盖

A
s
econd more dense atmosphere however gradually enveloped Earth as gasses from
molten rocks within its hot interior escaped through volcanoes and steam vents

4
4
4
4 enriched
enriched
enriched
enriched
（
enrich[
enrich[
enrich[
enrich[
In5rItF
In5rItF
In5rItF
In5rItF
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

富裕丰富

This sediment layer is enriched
i
n
t
he rare metal iridium and other elements that are
relatively abundant
i
n
a
m
eteorite but very rare
i
n
t
he crust
o
f
E
arth

4
4
4
4 endangered
endangered
endangered
endangered
（
endanger[
endanger[
endanger[
endanger[
In5deIndVE
In5deIndVE
In5deIndVE
In5deIndVE
]
]
]
]
）
adj
adj
adj
adj
危险

On the other hand when
i
t
c
omes to substantiveparticularly behavioralinformation
crows are less well known than many comparably common species and for that matter
not
a
f
ew quite uncommon ones the endangered California condor to cite one obvious
example

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4
4
4
4 embers
embers
embers
embers
（
ember[
ember[
ember[
ember[
5embE
5embE
5embE
5embE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
灰烬

This is said to have worked well when
i
t
w
as placed
i
n
t
he fireplace surrounded by
glowing wood embers with more embers piled
o
n
i
ts lid

4
4
4
4 dynamic
dynamic
dynamic
dynamic [
[
[
[
daI5nAmIk
daI5nAmIk
daI5nAmIk
daI5nAmIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
动力学动力

These expeditions were likely driven by population growth and political dynamics
o
n
t
he home islands as well as the challenge and excitement
o
f
e
xploring unknown
waters

4
4
4
4 drift
drift
drift
drift [
[
[
[
drIft
drIft
drIft
drIft
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
漂
漂流
n
n
n
n
漂流

SouthAmericans who drifted
o
n
ba
lsawood rafts and the prevailing wind and current老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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师
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
124
124
124
124
but f
rom the west by groups from mainland Asia who gradually spread from island to
islandout into the Pacific

4
4
4
4 dotted
dotted
dotted
dotted
（
dot[
dot[
dot[
dot[
dDt
dDt
dDt
dDt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
点
v

v
v
v

点布满

The deer which once picturesquely dotted the meadows around the fort were gone [in
1832] hunted to extermination
i
n
or
der to protect the crops

4
4
4
4 distrust
distrust
distrust
distrust [
[
[
[
dIs5trQst
dIs5trQst
dIs5trQst
dIs5trQst
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
信
v

v
v
v

信

By the 1850＇s and 1860＇s there was
a
gr
eat distrust among writer and intellectuals
o
f
t
he rapid industrialization
o
f
w
hich the railroad was
a
l
eading force Deeply
philosophical historians such as Henry Adams lamented the role that the new frenzy for
business was playing
i
n
e
roding traditional values

4
4
4
4 district
district
district
district [
[
[
[
5dIstrIkt
5dIstrIkt
5dIstrIkt
5dIstrIkt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
区域区

The district
i
n
N
ew
Y
ork
C
ity know as Harlem was the capital
o
f
t
he movement

4
4
4
4 disrupted
disrupted
disrupted
disrupted
（
disrupt[
disrupt[
disrupt[
disrupt[
dIs5rQpt
dIs5rQpt
dIs5rQpt
dIs5rQpt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

分裂混乱

These incursionsdisrupted the Old European sedentary farming lifestyle that had
existed for 3000 years

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4
4
4
4 discipline
discipline
discipline
discipline [
[
[
[
5dIsIplIn
5dIsIplIn
5dIsIplIn
5dIsIplIn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
训练




纪律
v

v
v
v
训
练

W
ith
t
he baby boom the focus
o
f
e
ducators and
o
f
l
aymen interested
i
n
e
ducation
inevitably turned toward the lower grades and back to basic academic skills and
discipline

4
4
4
4 dirt
dirt
dirt
dirt [
[
[
[
d＼t
d＼t
d＼t
d＼t
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
污垢

Counts could also be maintained by making scratches
i
n
t
he dirt or
o
n
a
s
tone by
cutting notches
i
n
a
pi
ece
o
f
w
ood or by tying knots
i
n
a
s
tring

4
4
4
4 digest
digest
digest
digest [
[
[
[
dI5dVest daI5dVest
dI5dVest daI5dVest
dI5dVest daI5dVest
dI5dVest daI5dVest
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
消
化
n
n
n
n
摘

Common
i
n
c
ool water
o
n
bot
hAtlantic and Pacific shores
i
t
ha
s the ability to suck u
p
m
ud or sand and digest whatever nutrients are present

4
4
4
4 devoid
devoid
devoid
devoid [
[
[
[
dI5vCId
dI5vCId
dI5vCId
dI5vCId
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
缺乏全

Most
o
f
t
heir member stars are very old and since ellipticals are devoid
o
f
i
nterstellar
gas no new stars are forming
i
n
t
hem

4
4
4
4 designated
designated
designated
designated
（
designate[
designate[
designate[
designate[
5dezI^neIt
5dezI^neIt
5dezI^neIt
5dezI^neIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

命指出
adj
adj
adj
adj
指定

T
o
t
hat existing for land areas designated as national parks

4
4
4
4 descent
descent
descent
descent [
[
[
[
dI5sent
dI5sent
dI5sent
dI5sent
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
降落家系

Encouraged by the example
o
f
c
ertain Americans
o
f
E
uropean descent such as Thoma
s
E
akins Robert Henri and George Luks who had included persons
o
f
A
frican descent
i
n
t
heir paintings as serious studies rather than as trivial or sentimental stereotypes African
American artists
o
f
t
his period set about creating
a
ne
w portrayal
o
f
t
hemselves and their
lives
i
n
t
he United States

4
4
4
4 deforested
deforested
deforested
deforested
（
deforest
deforest
deforest
deforest
）
v

v
v
v
采
伐森林

Great tracts
o
f
l
owland country deforested by logging fire or both have become idea
l
f
eeding grounds
o
f
de
er

4
4
4
4 deepening
deepening
deepening
deepening
（
deepen[
deepen[
deepen[
deepen[
5dipEn
5dipEn
5dipEn
5dipEn
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
加
深深化

In places the water table is declining at
a
r
ate
o
f
a
m
eter
a
y
ear necessitating the
periodic deepening
o
f
w
ells and the use
o
f
e
vermorepowerful pumps

4
4
4
4 dedicated
dedicated
dedicated
dedicated
（
dedicate[
dedicate[
dedicate[
dedicate[
5dedIkeIt
5dedIkeIt
5dedIkeIt
5dedIkeIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
致
力献

For example Edward Bellamy＇s utopian novel Looking Backward sold over
a
m
illi
o
n
c
opies
i
n
1888 gi
ving rise to the growth
o
f
or
ganizations dedicated to the realization
o
f
B
ellamy＇s vision
o
f
t
he future

4
4
4
4 deception
deception
deception
deception [
[
[
[
dI5sepFEn
dI5sepFEn
dI5sepFEn
dI5sepFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
欺骗

Another deception begins with quiet movement to
a
n
e
xposed and visible location老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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Blog
Blog
：
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师
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
124
124
124
124
but f
rom the west by groups from mainland Asia who gradually spread from island to
islandout into the Pacific

4
4
4
4 dotted
dotted
dotted
dotted
（
dot[
dot[
dot[
dot[
dDt
dDt
dDt
dDt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
点
v

v
v
v

点布满

The deer which once picturesquely dotted the meadows around the fort were gone [in
1832] hunted to extermination
i
n
or
der to protect the crops

4
4
4
4 distrust
distrust
distrust
distrust [
[
[
[
dIs5trQst
dIs5trQst
dIs5trQst
dIs5trQst
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
信
v

v
v
v

信

By the 1850＇s and 1860＇s there was
a
gr
eat distrust among writer and intellectuals
o
f
t
he rapid industrialization
o
f
w
hich the railroad was
a
l
eading force Deeply
philosophical historians such as Henry Adams lamented the role that the new frenzy for
business was playing
i
n
e
roding traditional values

4
4
4
4 district
district
district
district [
[
[
[
5dIstrIkt
5dIstrIkt
5dIstrIkt
5dIstrIkt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
区域区

The district
i
n
N
ew
Y
ork
C
ity know as Harlem was the capital
o
f
t
he movement

4
4
4
4 disrupted
disrupted
disrupted
disrupted
（
disrupt[
disrupt[
disrupt[
disrupt[
dIs5rQpt
dIs5rQpt
dIs5rQpt
dIs5rQpt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

分裂混乱

These incursionsdisrupted the Old European sedentary farming lifestyle that had
existed for 3000 years

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
4
4
4
4 discipline
discipline
discipline
discipline [
[
[
[
5dIsIplIn
5dIsIplIn
5dIsIplIn
5dIsIplIn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
训练




纪律
v

v
v
v
训
练

W
ith
t
he baby boom the focus
o
f
e
ducators and
o
f
l
aymen interested
i
n
e
ducation
inevitably turned toward the lower grades and back to basic academic skills and
discipline

4
4
4
4 dirt
dirt
dirt
dirt [
[
[
[
d＼t
d＼t
d＼t
d＼t
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
污垢

Counts could also be maintained by making scratches
i
n
t
he dirt or
o
n
a
s
tone by
cutting notches
i
n
a
pi
ece
o
f
w
ood or by tying knots
i
n
a
s
tring

4
4
4
4 digest
digest
digest
digest [
[
[
[
dI5dVest daI5dVest
dI5dVest daI5dVest
dI5dVest daI5dVest
dI5dVest daI5dVest
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
消
化
n
n
n
n
摘

Common
i
n
c
ool water
o
n
bot
hAtlantic and Pacific shores
i
t
ha
s the ability to suck u
p
m
ud or sand and digest whatever nutrients are present

4
4
4
4 devoid
devoid
devoid
devoid [
[
[
[
dI5vCId
dI5vCId
dI5vCId
dI5vCId
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
缺乏全

Most
o
f
t
heir member stars are very old and since ellipticals are devoid
o
f
i
nterstellar
gas no new stars are forming
i
n
t
hem

4
4
4
4 designated
designated
designated
designated
（
designate[
designate[
designate[
designate[
5dezI^neIt
5dezI^neIt
5dezI^neIt
5dezI^neIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

命指出
adj
adj
adj
adj
指定

T
o
t
hat existing for land areas designated as national parks

4
4
4
4 descent
descent
descent
descent [
[
[
[
dI5sent
dI5sent
dI5sent
dI5sent
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
降落家系

Encouraged by the example
o
f
c
ertain Americans
o
f
E
uropean descent such as Thoma
s
E
akins Robert Henri and George Luks who had included persons
o
f
A
frican descent
i
n
t
heir paintings as serious studies rather than as trivial or sentimental stereotypes African
American artists
o
f
t
his period set about creating
a
ne
w portrayal
o
f
t
hemselves and their
lives
i
n
t
he United States

4
4
4
4 deforested
deforested
deforested
deforested
（
deforest
deforest
deforest
deforest
）
v

v
v
v
采
伐森林

Great tracts
o
f
l
owland country deforested by logging fire or both have become idea
l
f
eeding grounds
o
f
de
er

4
4
4
4 deepening
deepening
deepening
deepening
（
deepen[
deepen[
deepen[
deepen[
5dipEn
5dipEn
5dipEn
5dipEn
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
加
深深化

In places the water table is declining at
a
r
ate
o
f
a
m
eter
a
y
ear necessitating the
periodic deepening
o
f
w
ells and the use
o
f
e
vermorepowerful pumps

4
4
4
4 dedicated
dedicated
dedicated
dedicated
（
dedicate[
dedicate[
dedicate[
dedicate[
5dedIkeIt
5dedIkeIt
5dedIkeIt
5dedIkeIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
致
力献

For example Edward Bellamy＇s utopian novel Looking Backward sold over
a
m
illi
o
n
c
opies
i
n
1888 gi
ving rise to the growth
o
f
or
ganizations dedicated to the realization
o
f
B
ellamy＇s vision
o
f
t
he future

4
4
4
4 deception
deception
deception
deception [
[
[
[
dI5sepFEn
dI5sepFEn
dI5sepFEn
dI5sepFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
欺骗

Another deception begins with quiet movement to
a
n
e
xposed and visible location老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
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Blog
Blog
：
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wwwibtsatcom
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师
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：
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
125
125
125
125
w
ellaway from the nest

4
4
4
4 crown
crown
crown
crown [
[
[
[
kraJn
kraJn
kraJn
kraJn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
王冠




顶点
v

v
v
v
加
冕

Finally for the many small mammals that supplement their insect diet with fruits or
seeds
a
n
i
nability to span open gaps between tree crowns may be problematic since
trees that yield these foods can be sparse

4
4
4
4 crevices
crevices
crevices
crevices
（
crevice[
crevice[
crevice[
crevice[
5krevIs
5krevIs
5krevIs
5krevIs
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
裂缝

But note that porosity is 67 not the same as permeability which measures the ease wi
t
h
w
hich water can flow through
a
m
aterial this depends
o
n
t
he sizes
o
f
t
he individual
cavities and the crevices linking them

4
4
4
4 creators
creators
creators
creators
（
creator[
creator[
creator[
creator[
kri5eItE(r)
kri5eItE(r)
kri5eItE(r)
kri5eItE(r)
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
创造者

Architecture reflects the cultural values
o
f
i
ts creators

4
4
4
4 cranial
cranial
cranial
cranial adj
adj
adj
adj
头盖




头盖形

In any vertebrate two chief parts
o
f
t
he nervous system may be distinguished These
are the central nervous system (the nerve cord mentions above) consisting
o
f
t
hebrain
and spinal cord and the peripheral nervous system consisting
o
f
t
he cranial spinal and
peripheral nerves together with their motor and sensory endings

4
4
4
4 cramped
cramped
cramped
cramped
（
cramp[
cramp[
cramp[
cramp[
krAmp
krAmp
krAmp
krAmp
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

夹钳夹紧约束
n
n
n
n
铁夹钳约束物

This means that artists were forced to work
i
n
c
ramped spaces and without sources
o
f
na
tural light

4
4
4
4 coverage
coverage
coverage
coverage [
[
[
[
5kQvErIdV
5kQvErIdV
5kQvErIdV
5kQvErIdV
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
覆盖范围

Recognizing the power
o
f
t
elevision＇s pictures politicians craft televisual
stagedevents called pseudoevent designed to attract media coverage

4
4
4
4 counterparts
counterparts
counterparts
counterparts
（
counterpart[
counterpart[
counterpart[
counterpart[
5kaJntEpBt
5kaJntEpBt
5kaJntEpBt
5kaJntEpBt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
配物副

Imitative as they were these early American stories wee quite distinguishable from
their British counterparts

4
4
4
4 count
count
count
count [
[
[
[
kaJnt
kaJnt
kaJnt
kaJnt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
计
算认作
n
n
n
n
计数总数计算

Probably the earliest way
o
f
ke
eping
a
c
ount was by some simple tally method
employing the principle
o
f
one
toone correspondence

4
4
4
4 copy
copy
copy
copy [
[
[
[
5kDpI
5kDpI
5kDpI
5kDpI
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
抄
写复制
n
n
n
n
副拷贝

Often working with no staff at all these editors wrote copy set type delivered papers
oversaw billing and sold advertising

4
4
4
4 cope
cope
cope
cope [
[
[
[
kEJp
kEJp
kEJp
kEJp
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v

付




竞争
n
n
n
n
斗篷式长袍




笼罩

Feeding postpones that moment until
a
y
oung animal has grown to such
a
s
ize that
i
t
i
s
be
tter able to cope

4
4
4
4 contacts
contacts
contacts
contacts
（
contact[
contact[
contact[
contact[
5kDntAkt
5kDntAkt
5kDntAkt
5kDntAkt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
接
触




联系
n
n
n
n
接触




联系

Nest construction can contribute to this temperature gradient Nests
o
f
l
oosely arranged
sticks rocks or dirt are cooler
i
n
t
emperature at the bottom where the egg contacts the
nesting material

4
4
4
4 conifers
conifers
conifers
conifers
（
conifer[
conifer[
conifer[
conifer[
5kEJnIfE
5kEJnIfE
5kEJnIfE
5kEJnIfE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
针叶树

Furthermore the conifers which are among the tallest trees have unusually low root
pressures

4
4
4
4 concrete
concrete
concrete
concrete [
[
[
[
5kDnkrit
5kDnkrit
5kDnkrit
5kDnkrit
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
水泥
v

v
v
v

凝固
adj
adj
adj
adj
具体




水泥

These hominids walked across
a
s
tretch
o
f
m
oist volcanic ash which was subsequently
turned to mud by rain and which then set like concrete

4
4
4
4 concert
concert
concert
concert [
[
[
[
5kDnsEt
5kDnsEt
5kDnsEt
5kDnsEt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
音乐会合奏
v

v
v
v
商
议




协调

The clavichord＇s tone was metallic and never powerful nevertheless because
o
f
t
he
variety
o
f
t
one possible to it many composers found the clavichord
a
s
ympathetic
instrument for concert use but the character
o
f
t
he tone could not be varied save by老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
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红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
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词汇红宝书
125
125
125
125
w
ellaway from the nest

4
4
4
4 crown
crown
crown
crown [
[
[
[
kraJn
kraJn
kraJn
kraJn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
王冠




顶点
v

v
v
v
加
冕

Finally for the many small mammals that supplement their insect diet with fruits or
seeds
a
n
i
nability to span open gaps between tree crowns may be problematic since
trees that yield these foods can be sparse

4
4
4
4 crevices
crevices
crevices
crevices
（
crevice[
crevice[
crevice[
crevice[
5krevIs
5krevIs
5krevIs
5krevIs
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
裂缝

But note that porosity is 67 not the same as permeability which measures the ease wi
t
h
w
hich water can flow through
a
m
aterial this depends
o
n
t
he sizes
o
f
t
he individual
cavities and the crevices linking them

4
4
4
4 creators
creators
creators
creators
（
creator[
creator[
creator[
creator[
kri5eItE(r)
kri5eItE(r)
kri5eItE(r)
kri5eItE(r)
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
创造者

Architecture reflects the cultural values
o
f
i
ts creators

4
4
4
4 cranial
cranial
cranial
cranial adj
adj
adj
adj
头盖




头盖形

In any vertebrate two chief parts
o
f
t
he nervous system may be distinguished These
are the central nervous system (the nerve cord mentions above) consisting
o
f
t
hebrain
and spinal cord and the peripheral nervous system consisting
o
f
t
he cranial spinal and
peripheral nerves together with their motor and sensory endings

4
4
4
4 cramped
cramped
cramped
cramped
（
cramp[
cramp[
cramp[
cramp[
krAmp
krAmp
krAmp
krAmp
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

夹钳夹紧约束
n
n
n
n
铁夹钳约束物

This means that artists were forced to work
i
n
c
ramped spaces and without sources
o
f
na
tural light

4
4
4
4 coverage
coverage
coverage
coverage [
[
[
[
5kQvErIdV
5kQvErIdV
5kQvErIdV
5kQvErIdV
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
覆盖范围

Recognizing the power
o
f
t
elevision＇s pictures politicians craft televisual
stagedevents called pseudoevent designed to attract media coverage

4
4
4
4 counterparts
counterparts
counterparts
counterparts
（
counterpart[
counterpart[
counterpart[
counterpart[
5kaJntEpBt
5kaJntEpBt
5kaJntEpBt
5kaJntEpBt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
配物副

Imitative as they were these early American stories wee quite distinguishable from
their British counterparts

4
4
4
4 count
count
count
count [
[
[
[
kaJnt
kaJnt
kaJnt
kaJnt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
计
算认作
n
n
n
n
计数总数计算

Probably the earliest way
o
f
ke
eping
a
c
ount was by some simple tally method
employing the principle
o
f
one
toone correspondence

4
4
4
4 copy
copy
copy
copy [
[
[
[
5kDpI
5kDpI
5kDpI
5kDpI
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
抄
写复制
n
n
n
n
副拷贝

Often working with no staff at all these editors wrote copy set type delivered papers
oversaw billing and sold advertising

4
4
4
4 cope
cope
cope
cope [
[
[
[
kEJp
kEJp
kEJp
kEJp
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v

付




竞争
n
n
n
n
斗篷式长袍




笼罩

Feeding postpones that moment until
a
y
oung animal has grown to such
a
s
ize that
i
t
i
s
be
tter able to cope

4
4
4
4 contacts
contacts
contacts
contacts
（
contact[
contact[
contact[
contact[
5kDntAkt
5kDntAkt
5kDntAkt
5kDntAkt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
接
触




联系
n
n
n
n
接触




联系

Nest construction can contribute to this temperature gradient Nests
o
f
l
oosely arranged
sticks rocks or dirt are cooler
i
n
t
emperature at the bottom where the egg contacts the
nesting material

4
4
4
4 conifers
conifers
conifers
conifers
（
conifer[
conifer[
conifer[
conifer[
5kEJnIfE
5kEJnIfE
5kEJnIfE
5kEJnIfE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
针叶树

Furthermore the conifers which are among the tallest trees have unusually low root
pressures

4
4
4
4 concrete
concrete
concrete
concrete [
[
[
[
5kDnkrit
5kDnkrit
5kDnkrit
5kDnkrit
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
水泥
v

v
v
v

凝固
adj
adj
adj
adj
具体




水泥

These hominids walked across
a
s
tretch
o
f
m
oist volcanic ash which was subsequently
turned to mud by rain and which then set like concrete

4
4
4
4 concert
concert
concert
concert [
[
[
[
5kDnsEt
5kDnsEt
5kDnsEt
5kDnsEt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
音乐会合奏
v

v
v
v
商
议




协调

The clavichord＇s tone was metallic and never powerful nevertheless because
o
f
t
he
variety
o
f
t
one possible to it many composers found the clavichord
a
s
ympathetic
instrument for concert use but the character
o
f
t
he tone could not be varied save by老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
126
126
126
126
m
echanical or structural devices

4
4
4
4 coaches
coaches
coaches
coaches
（
coach[
coach[
coach[
coach[
kEJtF
kEJtF
kEJtF
kEJtF
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
训
练




指导
n
n
n
n
四轮马车




教练

Smith used mail coaches to travel as much as 10000 miles per year

4
4
4
4 clan
clan
clan
clan [
[
[
[
klAn
klAn
klAn
klAn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
氏族




派

A
f
olk culture is small isolated cohesive conservative nearly selfsufficient group
that is homogeneous
i
n
c
ustom and race with
a
s
trong family or clan structure and
highly developed rituals

4
4
4
4 churches
churches
churches
churches
（
church[
church[
church[
church[
tF＼tF
tF＼tF
tF＼tF
tF＼tF
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
教堂

Classes for adult immigrants were sponsored by public schools corporations unions
churches settlement houses andother agencies

4
4
4
4 chlorophyll
chlorophyll
chlorophyll
chlorophyll [
[
[
[
5klCrEfIl
5klCrEfIl
5klCrEfIl
5klCrEfIl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
叶绿素

Mineral deficiencies can often be detected by specific symptoms such as chlorosis
(loss
o
f
c
hlorophyll resulting
i
n
y
ellow or white leaf issue) necrosis (isolated dead
patches) anthocyanin formation (development
o
f
de
ep red pigmentation
o
f
l
eaves or
stem) stunted growth and development
o
f
w
oody tissue
i
n an
he
rbaceous plant

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
老师
Toefl
词汇红宝书
4
4
4
4 chisel
chisel
chisel
chisel [
[
[
[
5tFIzl
5tFIzl
5tFIzl
5tFIzl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
凿子
v

v
v
v
凿

D
irect carving
i
n
w
hich the sculptors themselves carve stone or wood with mallet and
chisel must be recognized as something more than just
a
t
echnique

4
4
4
4 champion
champion
champion
champion [
[
[
[
5tFAmpjEn
5tFAmpjEn
5tFAmpjEn
5tFAmpjEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
冠军拥护者
v

v
v
v
保
卫




拥护

He was
a
c
hampion
o
f
t
he City Beautiful Movementan effort to increase the
presence
o
f
ur
ban artand defended the central role that sculpture played
i
n
i
ts national
program

4
4
4
4 celebrated
celebrated
celebrated
celebrated
（
celebrate[
celebrate[
celebrate[
celebrate[
5selIbreIt
5selIbreIt
5selIbreIt
5selIbreIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
庆
祝

The most celebrated was Emile Galle (18461904)

4
4
4
4 cedar
cedar
cedar
cedar [
[
[
[
5sidE
5sidE
5sidE
5sidE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
雪松

Even with snow
o
n
t
he ground the high bushy understory is exposed also snow and
wind bring down leafy branches
o
f
c
edar hemlock red alder and other arboreal
fodder

4
4
4
4 caste
caste
caste
caste [
[
[
[
kBst
kBst
kBst
kBst
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
种姓制度

Moreover ants specializing
i
n
pa
rticular labor categoriestypically constitute
a
c
aste
specialized by age or body form or both

4
4
4
4 cap
cap
cap
cap [
[
[
[
kAp
kAp
kAp
kAp
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
帽子

Both have an ice cap that is melting rapidly

4
4
4
4 bowls
bowls
bowls
bowls
（
bowl[
bowl[
bowl[
bowl[
bEJl
bEJl
bEJl
bEJl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
碗保龄球戏

Articles for nearly every household activity and ornament could be bought
i
n
R
ockingham ware dishes and bowls
o
f
c
ourse also bedpans foot warmers cuspidors
lamp bases doorknobs molds picture frames even curtain tiebacks

4
4
4
4 bovines
bovines
bovines
bovines
（
bovine[
bovine[
bovine[
bovine[
5bEJvaIn
5bEJvaIn
5bEJvaIn
5bEJvaIn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
牛科动物
adj
adj
adj
adj
牛

That is mammoths bovines and horses are portrayed more often than deer and
reindeer

4
4
4
4 boulders
boulders
boulders
boulders
（
boulder[
boulder[
boulder[
boulder[
5bEJldE
5bEJldE
5bEJldE
5bEJldE
]
]
]
])
)
)
) n
n
n
n
卵石

As the Sun continues to move to the west the spot continues to move across the
shelter floor and down the butte or hill toward
a
gr
oup
o
f
s
mall boulders

4
4
4
4 bone
bone
bone
bone [
[
[
[
bEJn
bEJn
bEJn
bEJn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
骨头

They have the skull and teeth
o
f
a
r
eptile as well as
a
bon
y tail but
i
n
t
helinegrained
limestone
i
n
w
hich these fossils occur there are delicate impressions
o
f
206 f
eathers and
fine details
o
f
bone s
tructure that make
i
t
c
lear that Archaeopteryx was
a
bi
rd
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
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：
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
126
126
126
126
m
echanical or structural devices

4
4
4
4 coaches
coaches
coaches
coaches
（
coach[
coach[
coach[
coach[
kEJtF
kEJtF
kEJtF
kEJtF
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
训
练




指导
n
n
n
n
四轮马车




教练

Smith used mail coaches to travel as much as 10000 miles per year

4
4
4
4 clan
clan
clan
clan [
[
[
[
klAn
klAn
klAn
klAn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
氏族




派

A
f
olk culture is small isolated cohesive conservative nearly selfsufficient group
that is homogeneous
i
n
c
ustom and race with
a
s
trong family or clan structure and
highly developed rituals

4
4
4
4 churches
churches
churches
churches
（
church[
church[
church[
church[
tF＼tF
tF＼tF
tF＼tF
tF＼tF
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
教堂

Classes for adult immigrants were sponsored by public schools corporations unions
churches settlement houses andother agencies

4
4
4
4 chlorophyll
chlorophyll
chlorophyll
chlorophyll [
[
[
[
5klCrEfIl
5klCrEfIl
5klCrEfIl
5klCrEfIl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
叶绿素

Mineral deficiencies can often be detected by specific symptoms such as chlorosis
(loss
o
f
c
hlorophyll resulting
i
n
y
ellow or white leaf issue) necrosis (isolated dead
patches) anthocyanin formation (development
o
f
de
ep red pigmentation
o
f
l
eaves or
stem) stunted growth and development
o
f
w
oody tissue
i
n an
he
rbaceous plant

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
老师
Toefl
词汇红宝书
4
4
4
4 chisel
chisel
chisel
chisel [
[
[
[
5tFIzl
5tFIzl
5tFIzl
5tFIzl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
凿子
v

v
v
v
凿

D
irect carving
i
n
w
hich the sculptors themselves carve stone or wood with mallet and
chisel must be recognized as something more than just
a
t
echnique

4
4
4
4 champion
champion
champion
champion [
[
[
[
5tFAmpjEn
5tFAmpjEn
5tFAmpjEn
5tFAmpjEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
冠军拥护者
v

v
v
v
保
卫




拥护

He was
a
c
hampion
o
f
t
he City Beautiful Movementan effort to increase the
presence
o
f
ur
ban artand defended the central role that sculpture played
i
n
i
ts national
program

4
4
4
4 celebrated
celebrated
celebrated
celebrated
（
celebrate[
celebrate[
celebrate[
celebrate[
5selIbreIt
5selIbreIt
5selIbreIt
5selIbreIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
庆
祝

The most celebrated was Emile Galle (18461904)

4
4
4
4 cedar
cedar
cedar
cedar [
[
[
[
5sidE
5sidE
5sidE
5sidE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
雪松

Even with snow
o
n
t
he ground the high bushy understory is exposed also snow and
wind bring down leafy branches
o
f
c
edar hemlock red alder and other arboreal
fodder

4
4
4
4 caste
caste
caste
caste [
[
[
[
kBst
kBst
kBst
kBst
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
种姓制度

Moreover ants specializing
i
n
pa
rticular labor categoriestypically constitute
a
c
aste
specialized by age or body form or both

4
4
4
4 cap
cap
cap
cap [
[
[
[
kAp
kAp
kAp
kAp
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
帽子

Both have an ice cap that is melting rapidly

4
4
4
4 bowls
bowls
bowls
bowls
（
bowl[
bowl[
bowl[
bowl[
bEJl
bEJl
bEJl
bEJl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
碗保龄球戏

Articles for nearly every household activity and ornament could be bought
i
n
R
ockingham ware dishes and bowls
o
f
c
ourse also bedpans foot warmers cuspidors
lamp bases doorknobs molds picture frames even curtain tiebacks

4
4
4
4 bovines
bovines
bovines
bovines
（
bovine[
bovine[
bovine[
bovine[
5bEJvaIn
5bEJvaIn
5bEJvaIn
5bEJvaIn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
牛科动物
adj
adj
adj
adj
牛

That is mammoths bovines and horses are portrayed more often than deer and
reindeer

4
4
4
4 boulders
boulders
boulders
boulders
（
boulder[
boulder[
boulder[
boulder[
5bEJldE
5bEJldE
5bEJldE
5bEJldE
]
]
]
])
)
)
) n
n
n
n
卵石

As the Sun continues to move to the west the spot continues to move across the
shelter floor and down the butte or hill toward
a
gr
oup
o
f
s
mall boulders

4
4
4
4 bone
bone
bone
bone [
[
[
[
bEJn
bEJn
bEJn
bEJn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
骨头

They have the skull and teeth
o
f
a
r
eptile as well as
a
bon
y tail but
i
n
t
helinegrained
limestone
i
n
w
hich these fossils occur there are delicate impressions
o
f
206 f
eathers and
fine details
o
f
bone s
tructure that make
i
t
c
lear that Archaeopteryx was
a
bi
rd
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
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红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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词汇红宝书
127
127
127
127
4
4
4
4 b
eak
beak
beak
beak [
[
[
[
bik
bik
bik
bik
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
鸟嘴

This primitive tool is then held
i
n
t
he beak and used to probe for insects
i
n
hol
es
i
n
t
rees that the bird cannot probe directly with its beak

4
4
4
4 bake
bake
bake
bake [
[
[
[
beIk
beIk
beIk
beIk
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
烘




烤

T
he embers were later removed bread dough was put into the oven and the oven was
sealed shut until the bread was fully baked

4
4
4
4 background
background
background
background [
[
[
[
5bAk^raJnd
5bAk^raJnd
5bAk^raJnd
5bAk^raJnd
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
背景背景知识

From this unity created by the convergence
o
f
a
rtists from various social and
geographical backgrounds came
a
ne
w spirit which particularly
i
n
de
nsely populated
Harlem wasto result
i
n
gr
eater group awareness and selfdetermination

4
4
4
4 association
association
association
association [
[
[
[
E7sEJsI5eIFEn
E7sEJsI5eIFEn
E7sEJsI5eIFEn
E7sEJsI5eIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
协会结合

I
f
t
he indications
o
f
f
eathers had not been preserved
i
n
a
ssociation with Archaeopteryx
i
t
i
s likely that these fossils would have been classified among the dinosaurs for they
show numerous theropod characteristics

4
4
4
4 assistants
assistants
assistants
assistants
（
assistant[
assistant[
assistant[
assistant[
E`sIstEnt
E`sIstEnt
E`sIstEnt
E`sIstEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
助手
adj
adj
adj
adj
辅助
4
4
4
4 assist
assist
assist
assist [
[
[
[
E5sIst
E5sIst
E5sIst
E5sIst
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
协
助支持

Neoclassical sculptors seldom held
a
m
allet or chisel
i
n
t
heir own hands readily
conceding that the assistants they employed were far better than they were at carving
the finished marble

4
4
4
4 ascent
ascent
ascent
ascent [
[
[
[
E5sent
E5sent
E5sent
E5sent
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
升

They can cause severe pains particularly around the joints Another complication may
result
i
f
t
he breath is held during ascent

4
4
4
4 arose
arose
arose
arose (arise[
(arise[
(arise[
(arise[
E5raIz
E5raIz
E5raIz
E5raIz
])
])
])
])
v

v
v
v
升
起产生

The earliest pterosaurs arose near the end
o
f
t
he Triassic period
o
f
t
he Mesozoic Era
some 70 million years before the first known fossils
o
f
t
rue birds occur and they
presumably dominated the skies until they were eventually displaced by birds

4
4
4
4 archaeocyte
archaeocyte
archaeocyte
archaeocyte adj
adj
adj
adj
考古学

The fossil consists
o
f
a
c
omplete skull
o
f
a
n
a
rchaeocyte
a
n
e
xtinct group
o
f
a
ncestor
s
o
f
m
odern cetaceans

4
4
4
4 arcades
arcades
arcades
arcades
（
arcade[
arcade[
arcade[
arcade[
B5keId
B5keId
B5keId
B5keId
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
拱廊

It was designed for use
i
n
K
inetoscope parlors or arcades which contained only
a
f
ew individual machines and permitted only one customer to view
a
s
hort 50foot film
at any one time

4
4
4
4 arboreal
arboreal
arboreal
arboreal [
[
[
[
B5bCrIEl
B5bCrIEl
B5bCrIEl
B5bCrIEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
树木

Even with snow
o
n
t
he ground the high bushy understory is exposed also snow and
wind bring down leafy branches
o
f
c
edar hemlock red alder and other arboreal
fodder

4
4
4
4 approval
approval
approval
approval [
[
[
[
E5pruvEl
E5pruvEl
E5pruvEl
E5pruvEl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
赞成

Smiling is apparently
a
uni
versal sign
o
f
f
riendliness and approval

4
4
4
4 angles
angles
angles
angles
（
angle[
angle[
angle[
angle[
5AN^l
5AN^l
5AN^l
5AN^l
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
角

W
e
c
ontract the eyebrows and lower the corners
o
f
t
he mouth
i
n
ge
ometric terms we
make angles and diagonals
o
n
our f
aces

4
4
4
4 amplification
amplification
amplification
amplification [
[
[
[
7AmplIfI5keIFEn
7AmplIfI5keIFEn
7AmplIfI5keIFEn
7AmplIfI5keIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
扩

Amplification by the Stimulated Emission
o
f
R
adiation

4
4
4
4 aluminum
aluminum
aluminum
aluminum [
[
[
[
E5ljumInEm
E5ljumInEm
E5ljumInEm
E5ljumInEm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
铝

The rocks
o
f
t
he crust are composed mostly
o
f
m
inerals with light elements
likealuminum and sodium while the mantle contains some heavier elements like iron
and magnesium
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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Toefl
Toefl
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词汇红宝书
127
127
127
127
4
4
4
4 b
eak
beak
beak
beak [
[
[
[
bik
bik
bik
bik
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
鸟嘴

This primitive tool is then held
i
n
t
he beak and used to probe for insects
i
n
hol
es
i
n
t
rees that the bird cannot probe directly with its beak

4
4
4
4 bake
bake
bake
bake [
[
[
[
beIk
beIk
beIk
beIk
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
烘




烤

T
he embers were later removed bread dough was put into the oven and the oven was
sealed shut until the bread was fully baked

4
4
4
4 background
background
background
background [
[
[
[
5bAk^raJnd
5bAk^raJnd
5bAk^raJnd
5bAk^raJnd
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
背景背景知识

From this unity created by the convergence
o
f
a
rtists from various social and
geographical backgrounds came
a
ne
w spirit which particularly
i
n
de
nsely populated
Harlem wasto result
i
n
gr
eater group awareness and selfdetermination

4
4
4
4 association
association
association
association [
[
[
[
E7sEJsI5eIFEn
E7sEJsI5eIFEn
E7sEJsI5eIFEn
E7sEJsI5eIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
协会结合

I
f
t
he indications
o
f
f
eathers had not been preserved
i
n
a
ssociation with Archaeopteryx
i
t
i
s likely that these fossils would have been classified among the dinosaurs for they
show numerous theropod characteristics

4
4
4
4 assistants
assistants
assistants
assistants
（
assistant[
assistant[
assistant[
assistant[
E`sIstEnt
E`sIstEnt
E`sIstEnt
E`sIstEnt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
助手
adj
adj
adj
adj
辅助
4
4
4
4 assist
assist
assist
assist [
[
[
[
E5sIst
E5sIst
E5sIst
E5sIst
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
协
助支持

Neoclassical sculptors seldom held
a
m
allet or chisel
i
n
t
heir own hands readily
conceding that the assistants they employed were far better than they were at carving
the finished marble

4
4
4
4 ascent
ascent
ascent
ascent [
[
[
[
E5sent
E5sent
E5sent
E5sent
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
升

They can cause severe pains particularly around the joints Another complication may
result
i
f
t
he breath is held during ascent

4
4
4
4 arose
arose
arose
arose (arise[
(arise[
(arise[
(arise[
E5raIz
E5raIz
E5raIz
E5raIz
])
])
])
])
v

v
v
v
升
起产生

The earliest pterosaurs arose near the end
o
f
t
he Triassic period
o
f
t
he Mesozoic Era
some 70 million years before the first known fossils
o
f
t
rue birds occur and they
presumably dominated the skies until they were eventually displaced by birds

4
4
4
4 archaeocyte
archaeocyte
archaeocyte
archaeocyte adj
adj
adj
adj
考古学

The fossil consists
o
f
a
c
omplete skull
o
f
a
n
a
rchaeocyte
a
n
e
xtinct group
o
f
a
ncestor
s
o
f
m
odern cetaceans

4
4
4
4 arcades
arcades
arcades
arcades
（
arcade[
arcade[
arcade[
arcade[
B5keId
B5keId
B5keId
B5keId
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
拱廊

It was designed for use
i
n
K
inetoscope parlors or arcades which contained only
a
f
ew individual machines and permitted only one customer to view
a
s
hort 50foot film
at any one time

4
4
4
4 arboreal
arboreal
arboreal
arboreal [
[
[
[
B5bCrIEl
B5bCrIEl
B5bCrIEl
B5bCrIEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
树木

Even with snow
o
n
t
he ground the high bushy understory is exposed also snow and
wind bring down leafy branches
o
f
c
edar hemlock red alder and other arboreal
fodder

4
4
4
4 approval
approval
approval
approval [
[
[
[
E5pruvEl
E5pruvEl
E5pruvEl
E5pruvEl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
赞成

Smiling is apparently
a
uni
versal sign
o
f
f
riendliness and approval

4
4
4
4 angles
angles
angles
angles
（
angle[
angle[
angle[
angle[
5AN^l
5AN^l
5AN^l
5AN^l
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
角

W
e
c
ontract the eyebrows and lower the corners
o
f
t
he mouth
i
n
ge
ometric terms we
make angles and diagonals
o
n
our f
aces

4
4
4
4 amplification
amplification
amplification
amplification [
[
[
[
7AmplIfI5keIFEn
7AmplIfI5keIFEn
7AmplIfI5keIFEn
7AmplIfI5keIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
扩

Amplification by the Stimulated Emission
o
f
R
adiation

4
4
4
4 aluminum
aluminum
aluminum
aluminum [
[
[
[
E5ljumInEm
E5ljumInEm
E5ljumInEm
E5ljumInEm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
铝

The rocks
o
f
t
he crust are composed mostly
o
f
m
inerals with light elements
likealuminum and sodium while the mantle contains some heavier elements like iron
and magnesium
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
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老师
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Toefl
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词汇红宝书
128
128
128
128
4
4
4
4 al
together
altogether
altogether
altogether [
[
[
[
7CltE5^eTE
7CltE5^eTE
7CltE5^eTE
7CltE5^eTE
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
合计完全

However
i
n
r
eality they arevery different from plants and today they are placed
i
n
a
s
eparate group altogether

4
4
4
4 allocated
allocated
allocated
allocated
（
allocate[
allocate[
allocate[
allocate[
5AlEJkeIt
5AlEJkeIt
5AlEJkeIt
5AlEJkeIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
分
派分配

Almost
a
ll of
a
n
or
ganism
’
s
e
nergy can be diverted to reproduction with very little
allocated to building the body

4
4
4
4 aimed
aimed
aimed
aimed
（
aim[
aim[
aim[
aim[
eIm
eIm
eIm
eIm
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
瞄
准
n
n
n
n
瞄准目标

The people that Democrats claimed were unfairly becoming rich

4
4
4
4 adept
adept
adept
adept [
[
[
[
5Adept E5dept
5Adept E5dept
5Adept E5dept
5Adept E5dept
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
熟练

One observation that supports this suggestion is the recorded tendency for slowflyin
g
bl
ackheaded gulls which are normally able to escape predators by means
o
f
di
rect
flight to show frequent changes
i
n
f
light direction when they spot
a
pe
regrine falc
o
n
(
peregrines are adept at capturing flying birds)

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
3
3
3
3 yields
yields
yields
yields
（
yield[
yield[
yield[
yield[
jild
jild
jild
jild
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
生
产意出产投降

However for maximum yields
a
c
hemical fertilizer may be required 20
i
n
a
ddition to
manure and plant waste

3
3
3
3 yellowstone
yellowstone
yellowstone
yellowstone [
[
[
[
`jelEJstEJn
`jelEJstEJn
`jelEJstEJn
`jelEJstEJn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
黄石国家公园

The black obsidian cliffs
o
f
Y
ellowstone National Park are the result
o
f
a
l
ava flow
o
f
ba
salt running head
o
n
i
nto
a
gl
acier

3
3
3
3 woody
woody
woody
woody adj
adj
adj
adj
树木木质

Using the combined action
o
f
t
he bill and tongue the bird cracks open and discards the
woody seed covering action and swallows the nutritious inner kernel

3
3
3
3 woodpecker
woodpecker
woodpecker
woodpecker [
[
[
[
5wJdpekE
5wJdpekE
5wJdpekE
5wJdpekE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
啄木鸟

One
o
f
t
he species
o
f
G
alapagos finch the woodpecker finch picks up or breaks
o
ff
a
t
wig cactus spine or leaf stem

3
3
3
3 wiring
wiring
wiring
wiring
（
wire[
wire[
wire[
wire[
5waIE
5waIE
5waIE
5waIE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
线路

The equipment includes plumbing electrical wiring hot water and airconditioning

3
3
3
3 w
illow
willow
willow
willow [
[
[
[
5wIlEJ
5wIlEJ
5wIlEJ
5wIlEJ
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
柳树

The warp was always made
o
f
w
illow and the most commonly used welt was sedge
root
a
w
oody fiber that could easily be separated into strands no thicker than
a
t
hread

3
3
3
3 w
hereby
whereby
whereby
whereby [
[
[
[
(h)weE5baI
(h)weE5baI
(h)weE5baI
(h)weE5baI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
什（
how
how
how
how
）

Rent control is the system whereby the local government tells building owners how
much they can charge their tenants
i
n
r
ent

3
3
3
3 warehouses
warehouses
warehouses
warehouses
（
warehouse[
warehouse[
warehouse[
warehouse[
5weEhaJs
5weEhaJs
5weEhaJs
5weEhaJs
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
仓库

In agriculture the transformation was marked by the emergence
o
f
t
he grain elevators
the cotton presses the warehouses and the commodity exchanges that seemed to so
many
o
f
t
he nation＇s farmers the visible sign
o
f
a
v
ast conspiracy against them

3
3
3
3 viscosity
viscosity
viscosity
viscosity [
[
[
[
vIs5kDsItI
vIs5kDsItI
vIs5kDsItI
vIs5kDsItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
粘性

Another unusual feature
o
f
gl
ass is the manner
i
n
w
hich its viscosity changes as
i
t
t
urns
from
a
c
old substance into
a
hot
ductile liquid

3
3
3
3 vine
vine
vine
vine [
[
[
[
vaIn
vaIn
vaIn
vaIn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
攀爬植物蔓

In addition to finding
a
n
i
ncrease
o
f
s
uitable browse like huckleberry and vine maple
Arthur Linares longtime game biologist
i
n
t
he Pacific Northwest found quality
o
f
br
owse
i
n
t
he open areas to be substantially more nutritive

3
3
3
3 vigorous
vigorous
vigorous
vigorous [
[
[
[
5vI^ErEs
5vI^ErEs
5vI^ErEs
5vI^ErEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
精力旺盛

But having found
a
n
oa
sis
o
f
l
and
i
n
a
w
atery wilderness crossed its reef25 and
landed
o
n
i
ts shores the survivors then faced
a
s
eries
o
f
pr
essing problems for which
solutions had to be found quickly
i
f
t
he small group was to become
a
v
igorous self老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
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：
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Toefl
词汇红宝书
128
128
128
128
4
4
4
4 al
together
altogether
altogether
altogether [
[
[
[
7CltE5^eTE
7CltE5^eTE
7CltE5^eTE
7CltE5^eTE
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
合计完全

However
i
n
r
eality they arevery different from plants and today they are placed
i
n
a
s
eparate group altogether

4
4
4
4 allocated
allocated
allocated
allocated
（
allocate[
allocate[
allocate[
allocate[
5AlEJkeIt
5AlEJkeIt
5AlEJkeIt
5AlEJkeIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
分
派分配

Almost
a
ll of
a
n
or
ganism
’
s
e
nergy can be diverted to reproduction with very little
allocated to building the body

4
4
4
4 aimed
aimed
aimed
aimed
（
aim[
aim[
aim[
aim[
eIm
eIm
eIm
eIm
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
瞄
准
n
n
n
n
瞄准目标

The people that Democrats claimed were unfairly becoming rich

4
4
4
4 adept
adept
adept
adept [
[
[
[
5Adept E5dept
5Adept E5dept
5Adept E5dept
5Adept E5dept
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
熟练

One observation that supports this suggestion is the recorded tendency for slowflyin
g
bl
ackheaded gulls which are normally able to escape predators by means
o
f
di
rect
flight to show frequent changes
i
n
f
light direction when they spot
a
pe
regrine falc
o
n
(
peregrines are adept at capturing flying birds)

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3
3
3
3 yields
yields
yields
yields
（
yield[
yield[
yield[
yield[
jild
jild
jild
jild
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
生
产意出产投降

However for maximum yields
a
c
hemical fertilizer may be required 20
i
n
a
ddition to
manure and plant waste

3
3
3
3 yellowstone
yellowstone
yellowstone
yellowstone [
[
[
[
`jelEJstEJn
`jelEJstEJn
`jelEJstEJn
`jelEJstEJn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
黄石国家公园

The black obsidian cliffs
o
f
Y
ellowstone National Park are the result
o
f
a
l
ava flow
o
f
ba
salt running head
o
n
i
nto
a
gl
acier

3
3
3
3 woody
woody
woody
woody adj
adj
adj
adj
树木木质

Using the combined action
o
f
t
he bill and tongue the bird cracks open and discards the
woody seed covering action and swallows the nutritious inner kernel

3
3
3
3 woodpecker
woodpecker
woodpecker
woodpecker [
[
[
[
5wJdpekE
5wJdpekE
5wJdpekE
5wJdpekE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
啄木鸟

One
o
f
t
he species
o
f
G
alapagos finch the woodpecker finch picks up or breaks
o
ff
a
t
wig cactus spine or leaf stem

3
3
3
3 wiring
wiring
wiring
wiring
（
wire[
wire[
wire[
wire[
5waIE
5waIE
5waIE
5waIE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
线路

The equipment includes plumbing electrical wiring hot water and airconditioning

3
3
3
3 w
illow
willow
willow
willow [
[
[
[
5wIlEJ
5wIlEJ
5wIlEJ
5wIlEJ
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
柳树

The warp was always made
o
f
w
illow and the most commonly used welt was sedge
root
a
w
oody fiber that could easily be separated into strands no thicker than
a
t
hread

3
3
3
3 w
hereby
whereby
whereby
whereby [
[
[
[
(h)weE5baI
(h)weE5baI
(h)weE5baI
(h)weE5baI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
什（
how
how
how
how
）

Rent control is the system whereby the local government tells building owners how
much they can charge their tenants
i
n
r
ent

3
3
3
3 warehouses
warehouses
warehouses
warehouses
（
warehouse[
warehouse[
warehouse[
warehouse[
5weEhaJs
5weEhaJs
5weEhaJs
5weEhaJs
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
仓库

In agriculture the transformation was marked by the emergence
o
f
t
he grain elevators
the cotton presses the warehouses and the commodity exchanges that seemed to so
many
o
f
t
he nation＇s farmers the visible sign
o
f
a
v
ast conspiracy against them

3
3
3
3 viscosity
viscosity
viscosity
viscosity [
[
[
[
vIs5kDsItI
vIs5kDsItI
vIs5kDsItI
vIs5kDsItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
粘性

Another unusual feature
o
f
gl
ass is the manner
i
n
w
hich its viscosity changes as
i
t
t
urns
from
a
c
old substance into
a
hot
ductile liquid

3
3
3
3 vine
vine
vine
vine [
[
[
[
vaIn
vaIn
vaIn
vaIn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
攀爬植物蔓

In addition to finding
a
n
i
ncrease
o
f
s
uitable browse like huckleberry and vine maple
Arthur Linares longtime game biologist
i
n
t
he Pacific Northwest found quality
o
f
br
owse
i
n
t
he open areas to be substantially more nutritive

3
3
3
3 vigorous
vigorous
vigorous
vigorous [
[
[
[
5vI^ErEs
5vI^ErEs
5vI^ErEs
5vI^ErEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
精力旺盛

But having found
a
n
oa
sis
o
f
l
and
i
n
a
w
atery wilderness crossed its reef25 and
landed
o
n
i
ts shores the survivors then faced
a
s
eries
o
f
pr
essing problems for which
solutions had to be found quickly
i
f
t
he small group was to become
a
v
igorous self老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
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Toefl
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Toefl
词汇红宝书
129
129
129
129
s
ustaining island population

3
3
3
3 via
via
via
via [
[
[
[
5vaIE 5viE
5vaIE 5viE
5vaIE 5viE
5vaIE 5viE
]
]
]
] prep
prep
prep
prep





通

The first Europeans
i
n
t
he Delaware
V
alley
a
r
egion located near die Atlantic Coast o
f
N
orthAmerica were Scandinavians

3
3
3
3 venture
venture
venture
venture [
[
[
[
5ventFE
5ventFE
5ventFE
5ventFE
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
敢










危险
n
n
n
n
险

Few knew much about transport or about business but they were willing to take
a
c
hance
o
n
a
ne
w venture that had low entry 20 costs

3
3
3
3 vents
vents
vents
vents
（
vent[
vent[
vent[
vent[
vent
vent
vent
vent
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
通风孔出口
v

v
v
v
发
泄排出

A
s
econd more dense atmosphere however gradually enveloped Earth as gasses from
molten rocks within its hot interior escaped through volcanoes and steam vents

3
3
3
3 vacation
vacation
vacation
vacation [
[
[
[
vE5keIFEnveI5keIFEn
vE5keIFEnveI5keIFEn
vE5keIFEnveI5keIFEn
vE5keIFEnveI5keIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
假期 形词：
vocation
vocation
vocation
vocation n
n
n
n
职业

By 1920 schooling to age fourteen or beyond was compulsory
i
n
m
ost states and the
school year was greatly lengthened Kindergartens vacation schools extracurricular
activities and vocational education and counseling extended the influence
o
f
publ
ic
schools over the lives
o
f
s
tudents many
o
f
w
hom
i
n
t
he larger industrial cities were the
children
o
f
i
mmigrants

3
3
3
3 vacancy
vacancy
vacancy
vacancy [
[
[
[
5veIkEnsI
5veIkEnsI
5veIkEnsI
5veIkEnsI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
空缺空虚

San Francisco has only
a
16 pe
rcent vacancy rate but stringent rent control laws

3
3
3
3 underneath
underneath
underneath
underneath [
[
[
[
7QndE5niW
7QndE5niW
7QndE5niW
7QndE5niW
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
面

Contains the largest amount
o
f
O
gallala water underneath the soil

3
3
3
3 uncovered
uncovered
uncovered
uncovered
（
uncover[
uncover[
uncover[
uncover[
Qn5kQvE
Qn5kQvE
Qn5kQvE
Qn5kQvE
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
揭
露揭开

In Kingston New York for example evidence has been uncovered that indicates that
English goods were being smuggled into that city at
a
t
ime when the Dutch supposedly
controlled trading
i
n
t
he area

3
3
3
3 turbulent
turbulent
turbulent
turbulent [
[
[
[
5t＼bjJlEnt
5t＼bjJlEnt
5t＼bjJlEnt
5t＼bjJlEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
狂暴

Small mammals being warm blooded suffer hardship
i
n
t
he exposed and turbulent
environment
o
f
t
he uppermost trees

3
3
3
3 triple
triple
triple
triple [
[
[
[
5trIpl
5trIpl
5trIpl
5trIpl
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v

成三倍三倍
adj
adj
adj
adj
三倍

Even
i
f
t
his process proves successful however
i
t
w
ould almost triple water costs

3
3
3
3 tributary
tributary
tributary
tributary [
[
[
[
5trIbjJtErI
5trIbjJtErI
5trIbjJtErI
5trIbjJtErI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
进贡国附庸国

Meanwhile
a
w
estern tributary called Valerie Glacier advanced up to 112 feet
a
da
y

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师
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：
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3
3
3
3 transmission
transmission
transmission
transmission [
[
[
[
trAnz5mIFEn
trAnz5mIFEn
trAnz5mIFEn
trAnz5mIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
传输变速器

Transmission is relatively slow (the chemical signals are usually airborne) but the
signal can be persistent depending upon the volatility
o
f
t
he chemical and is sometimes
effective over
a
v
ery long range

3
3
3
3 translate
translate
translate
translate [
[
[
[
trAns5leIt
trAns5leIt
trAns5leIt
trAns5leIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
翻
译转化

It took several decades but scholars eventually translated the ancient cuneiform scrip
t
v
ia the more familiar Old Persian language Similarly the hieroglyphic writing
o
f
t
he
Egyptians remained
a
m
ystery until French troops unearthed the famous Rosetta stone
i
n
t
he late eighteenth century

3
3
3
3 trampled
trampled
trampled
trampled
（
trample[
trample[
trample[
trample[
5trAmpl
5trAmpl
5trAmpl
5trAmpl
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
踩




践
踏蔑视蹂躏

And the cattle themselves helped plant the fresh grass year after year for they trampled
the natural seeds firmly into the soil to be watered by the melting snows
o
f
w
inter and
the occasional rains
o
f
s
pring

3
3
3
3 torque
torque
torque
torque [
[
[
[
tCk
tCk
tCk
tCk
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
扭矩




转矩

Newton＇s laws
o
f
m
otion assume that the total amount
o
f
s
pin
o
f
a
body c
annot change
unless
a
n
e
xternal torque speeds
i
t
up or s
lows
i
t
dow
n
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
129
129
129
129
s
ustaining island population

3
3
3
3 via
via
via
via [
[
[
[
5vaIE 5viE
5vaIE 5viE
5vaIE 5viE
5vaIE 5viE
]
]
]
] prep
prep
prep
prep





通

The first Europeans
i
n
t
he Delaware
V
alley
a
r
egion located near die Atlantic Coast o
f
N
orthAmerica were Scandinavians

3
3
3
3 venture
venture
venture
venture [
[
[
[
5ventFE
5ventFE
5ventFE
5ventFE
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
敢










危险
n
n
n
n
险

Few knew much about transport or about business but they were willing to take
a
c
hance
o
n
a
ne
w venture that had low entry 20 costs

3
3
3
3 vents
vents
vents
vents
（
vent[
vent[
vent[
vent[
vent
vent
vent
vent
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
通风孔出口
v

v
v
v
发
泄排出

A
s
econd more dense atmosphere however gradually enveloped Earth as gasses from
molten rocks within its hot interior escaped through volcanoes and steam vents

3
3
3
3 vacation
vacation
vacation
vacation [
[
[
[
vE5keIFEnveI5keIFEn
vE5keIFEnveI5keIFEn
vE5keIFEnveI5keIFEn
vE5keIFEnveI5keIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
假期 形词：
vocation
vocation
vocation
vocation n
n
n
n
职业

By 1920 schooling to age fourteen or beyond was compulsory
i
n
m
ost states and the
school year was greatly lengthened Kindergartens vacation schools extracurricular
activities and vocational education and counseling extended the influence
o
f
publ
ic
schools over the lives
o
f
s
tudents many
o
f
w
hom
i
n
t
he larger industrial cities were the
children
o
f
i
mmigrants

3
3
3
3 vacancy
vacancy
vacancy
vacancy [
[
[
[
5veIkEnsI
5veIkEnsI
5veIkEnsI
5veIkEnsI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
空缺空虚

San Francisco has only
a
16 pe
rcent vacancy rate but stringent rent control laws

3
3
3
3 underneath
underneath
underneath
underneath [
[
[
[
7QndE5niW
7QndE5niW
7QndE5niW
7QndE5niW
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
面

Contains the largest amount
o
f
O
gallala water underneath the soil

3
3
3
3 uncovered
uncovered
uncovered
uncovered
（
uncover[
uncover[
uncover[
uncover[
Qn5kQvE
Qn5kQvE
Qn5kQvE
Qn5kQvE
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
揭
露揭开

In Kingston New York for example evidence has been uncovered that indicates that
English goods were being smuggled into that city at
a
t
ime when the Dutch supposedly
controlled trading
i
n
t
he area

3
3
3
3 turbulent
turbulent
turbulent
turbulent [
[
[
[
5t＼bjJlEnt
5t＼bjJlEnt
5t＼bjJlEnt
5t＼bjJlEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
狂暴

Small mammals being warm blooded suffer hardship
i
n
t
he exposed and turbulent
environment
o
f
t
he uppermost trees

3
3
3
3 triple
triple
triple
triple [
[
[
[
5trIpl
5trIpl
5trIpl
5trIpl
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v

成三倍三倍
adj
adj
adj
adj
三倍

Even
i
f
t
his process proves successful however
i
t
w
ould almost triple water costs

3
3
3
3 tributary
tributary
tributary
tributary [
[
[
[
5trIbjJtErI
5trIbjJtErI
5trIbjJtErI
5trIbjJtErI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
进贡国附庸国

Meanwhile
a
w
estern tributary called Valerie Glacier advanced up to 112 feet
a
da
y

老
师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
3
3
3
3 transmission
transmission
transmission
transmission [
[
[
[
trAnz5mIFEn
trAnz5mIFEn
trAnz5mIFEn
trAnz5mIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
传输变速器

Transmission is relatively slow (the chemical signals are usually airborne) but the
signal can be persistent depending upon the volatility
o
f
t
he chemical and is sometimes
effective over
a
v
ery long range

3
3
3
3 translate
translate
translate
translate [
[
[
[
trAns5leIt
trAns5leIt
trAns5leIt
trAns5leIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
翻
译转化

It took several decades but scholars eventually translated the ancient cuneiform scrip
t
v
ia the more familiar Old Persian language Similarly the hieroglyphic writing
o
f
t
he
Egyptians remained
a
m
ystery until French troops unearthed the famous Rosetta stone
i
n
t
he late eighteenth century

3
3
3
3 trampled
trampled
trampled
trampled
（
trample[
trample[
trample[
trample[
5trAmpl
5trAmpl
5trAmpl
5trAmpl
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
踩




践
踏蔑视蹂躏

And the cattle themselves helped plant the fresh grass year after year for they trampled
the natural seeds firmly into the soil to be watered by the melting snows
o
f
w
inter and
the occasional rains
o
f
s
pring

3
3
3
3 torque
torque
torque
torque [
[
[
[
tCk
tCk
tCk
tCk
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
扭矩




转矩

Newton＇s laws
o
f
m
otion assume that the total amount
o
f
s
pin
o
f
a
body c
annot change
unless
a
n
e
xternal torque speeds
i
t
up or s
lows
i
t
dow
n
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
130
130
130
130
3
3
3
3 t
oll
toll
toll
toll [
[
[
[
tEJl
tEJl
tEJl
tEJl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
通行费费

The pioneer
i
n
t
his move was the state
o
f
P
ennsylvania which chartered
a
c
ompany i
n
1792 t
o construct
a
t
urnpike
a
r
oad for the use
o
f
w
hich
a
t
oll or payment is collected
from Philadelphia to Lancaster

3
3
3
3 toes
toes
toes
toes
（
toe[
toe[
toe[
toe[
tEJ
tEJ
tEJ
tEJ
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
脚趾

Many incomplete skeletons were found but they included for the first time
i
n an
a
rchaeocyte
a
c
omplete hind leg that features
a
f
oot with three tiny toes

3
3
3
3 tobacco
tobacco
tobacco
tobacco [
[
[
[
tE5bAkEJ
tE5bAkEJ
tE5bAkEJ
tE5bAkEJ
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
烟草

River boats carried to New Orleans the corn and other crops
o
f
nor
thwestern farmers
the cotton and tobacco
o
f
s
outhwestern planters

3
3
3
3 thereafter
thereafter
thereafter
thereafter [
[
[
[
TeEr5BftE
TeEr5BftE
TeEr5BftE
TeEr5BftE
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
时

Indeed for many years thereafter the United States had two groups from which to
choose either the local craftspeople or the imported talent
o
f
E
uropean sculptors

3
3
3
3 textbook
textbook
textbook
textbook [
[
[
[
5tekstbJk
5tekstbJk
5tekstbJk
5tekstbJk
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
教科书

Until 1979
i
t
w
as just another astronomy textbook statistic

3
3
3
3 terrace
terrace
terrace
terrace [
[
[
[
5terEs
5terEs
5terEs
5terEs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
阳台露台

The moon may be divided into two major terrains the maria (dark lowlands) and the
terrace (bright highlands)

3
3
3
3 terminology
terminology
terminology
terminology [
[
[
[
7t＼mI5nDlEdVI
7t＼mI5nDlEdVI
7t＼mI5nDlEdVI
7t＼mI5nDlEdVI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
术语学

The term print has several meanings so
i
t
i
s important to understand exactly what i
s
m
eant by the artistic terminology

3
3
3
3 tentatively
tentatively
tentatively
tentatively
[
[
[
[
5tentEtIvlI
5tentEtIvlI
5tentEtIvlI
5tentEtIvlI
]
]
]
]
adv
adv
adv
adv
试验性暂时

Several other mass extinctions
i
n
t
he geological record have been tentatively identified
with large impacts but none is so dramatic as the Cretaceous event

3
3
3
3 tentacles
tentacles
tentacles
tentacles
（
tentacle[
tentacle[
tentacle[
tentacle[
5tentEkl
5tentEkl
5tentEkl
5tentEkl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
触角

One form even has vivid purple tentacles

3
3
3
3 tenfold
tenfold
tenfold
tenfold adv
adv
adv
adv
十倍

Unfortunately the cost
o
f
w
ater obtained through any
o
f
t
hese schemes would increase
pumping costs at least tenfold making the cost
o
f
i
rrigated agricultural products from
the region uncompetitive
o
n
t
he national and international markets

3
3
3
3 temple
temple
temple
temple [
[
[
[
5templ
5templ
5templ
5templ
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
神殿

Many
o
f
t
hese buildings were shaped
i
n
t
he ziggurat form
a
de
sign resembling
a
n
a
ncient Mesopotamian temple tower that recedes
i
n
pr
ogressively smaller stages to the
summit creating
a
s
taircaselike effect

3
3
3
3 televised
televised
televised
televised
（
televise[
televise[
televise[
televise[
5telIvaIz
5telIvaIz
5telIvaIz
5telIvaIz
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
电
视播送电视拍摄

Much
o
f
t
he political activity we see
o
n
t
elevision news has been crafted by politicians
their speechwriters and their public relations advisers for televised consumption

3
3
3
3 tap
tap
tap
tap [
[
[
[
tAp
tAp
tAp
tAp
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
轻
拍选定
n
n
n
n
轻拍




轻敲

More than 100000 wells now tap the Ogallala

3
3
3
3 synthesize
synthesize
synthesize
synthesize [
[
[
[
5sInWIsaIz
5sInWIsaIz
5sInWIsaIz
5sInWIsaIz
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
综
合合成

The principal reason for this is that none
o
f
t
hem possesses chlorophyll and since they
cannot synthesize their own carbohydrates they obtain their supplies either from the
breakdown
o
f
de
ad organic matter or from other living organisms

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
3
3
3
3 sympathy
sympathy
sympathy
sympathy [
[
[
[
5sImpEWI
5sImpEWI
5sImpEWI
5sImpEWI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
情感

They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to
discipline are quick to lighten
a
s
erious moment with humor and try to resolve issues
that threaten to divide the group
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
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wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
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留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
130
130
130
130
3
3
3
3 t
oll
toll
toll
toll [
[
[
[
tEJl
tEJl
tEJl
tEJl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
通行费费

The pioneer
i
n
t
his move was the state
o
f
P
ennsylvania which chartered
a
c
ompany i
n
1792 t
o construct
a
t
urnpike
a
r
oad for the use
o
f
w
hich
a
t
oll or payment is collected
from Philadelphia to Lancaster

3
3
3
3 toes
toes
toes
toes
（
toe[
toe[
toe[
toe[
tEJ
tEJ
tEJ
tEJ
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
脚趾

Many incomplete skeletons were found but they included for the first time
i
n an
a
rchaeocyte
a
c
omplete hind leg that features
a
f
oot with three tiny toes

3
3
3
3 tobacco
tobacco
tobacco
tobacco [
[
[
[
tE5bAkEJ
tE5bAkEJ
tE5bAkEJ
tE5bAkEJ
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
烟草

River boats carried to New Orleans the corn and other crops
o
f
nor
thwestern farmers
the cotton and tobacco
o
f
s
outhwestern planters

3
3
3
3 thereafter
thereafter
thereafter
thereafter [
[
[
[
TeEr5BftE
TeEr5BftE
TeEr5BftE
TeEr5BftE
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
时

Indeed for many years thereafter the United States had two groups from which to
choose either the local craftspeople or the imported talent
o
f
E
uropean sculptors

3
3
3
3 textbook
textbook
textbook
textbook [
[
[
[
5tekstbJk
5tekstbJk
5tekstbJk
5tekstbJk
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
教科书

Until 1979
i
t
w
as just another astronomy textbook statistic

3
3
3
3 terrace
terrace
terrace
terrace [
[
[
[
5terEs
5terEs
5terEs
5terEs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
阳台露台

The moon may be divided into two major terrains the maria (dark lowlands) and the
terrace (bright highlands)

3
3
3
3 terminology
terminology
terminology
terminology [
[
[
[
7t＼mI5nDlEdVI
7t＼mI5nDlEdVI
7t＼mI5nDlEdVI
7t＼mI5nDlEdVI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
术语学

The term print has several meanings so
i
t
i
s important to understand exactly what i
s
m
eant by the artistic terminology

3
3
3
3 tentatively
tentatively
tentatively
tentatively
[
[
[
[
5tentEtIvlI
5tentEtIvlI
5tentEtIvlI
5tentEtIvlI
]
]
]
]
adv
adv
adv
adv
试验性暂时

Several other mass extinctions
i
n
t
he geological record have been tentatively identified
with large impacts but none is so dramatic as the Cretaceous event

3
3
3
3 tentacles
tentacles
tentacles
tentacles
（
tentacle[
tentacle[
tentacle[
tentacle[
5tentEkl
5tentEkl
5tentEkl
5tentEkl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
触角

One form even has vivid purple tentacles

3
3
3
3 tenfold
tenfold
tenfold
tenfold adv
adv
adv
adv
十倍

Unfortunately the cost
o
f
w
ater obtained through any
o
f
t
hese schemes would increase
pumping costs at least tenfold making the cost
o
f
i
rrigated agricultural products from
the region uncompetitive
o
n
t
he national and international markets

3
3
3
3 temple
temple
temple
temple [
[
[
[
5templ
5templ
5templ
5templ
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
神殿

Many
o
f
t
hese buildings were shaped
i
n
t
he ziggurat form
a
de
sign resembling
a
n
a
ncient Mesopotamian temple tower that recedes
i
n
pr
ogressively smaller stages to the
summit creating
a
s
taircaselike effect

3
3
3
3 televised
televised
televised
televised
（
televise[
televise[
televise[
televise[
5telIvaIz
5telIvaIz
5telIvaIz
5telIvaIz
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
电
视播送电视拍摄

Much
o
f
t
he political activity we see
o
n
t
elevision news has been crafted by politicians
their speechwriters and their public relations advisers for televised consumption

3
3
3
3 tap
tap
tap
tap [
[
[
[
tAp
tAp
tAp
tAp
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
轻
拍选定
n
n
n
n
轻拍




轻敲

More than 100000 wells now tap the Ogallala

3
3
3
3 synthesize
synthesize
synthesize
synthesize [
[
[
[
5sInWIsaIz
5sInWIsaIz
5sInWIsaIz
5sInWIsaIz
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
综
合合成

The principal reason for this is that none
o
f
t
hem possesses chlorophyll and since they
cannot synthesize their own carbohydrates they obtain their supplies either from the
breakdown
o
f
de
ad organic matter or from other living organisms

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
3
3
3
3 sympathy
sympathy
sympathy
sympathy [
[
[
[
5sImpEWI
5sImpEWI
5sImpEWI
5sImpEWI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
情感

They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to
discipline are quick to lighten
a
s
erious moment with humor and try to resolve issues
that threaten to divide the group
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
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英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
131
131
131
131
3
3
3
3 s
uspect
suspect
suspect
suspect [
[
[
[
sEs5pekt
sEs5pekt
sEs5pekt
sEs5pekt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
怀
疑猜疑
n
n
n
n
嫌疑犯疑分子
adj
adj
adj
adj
令怀疑

Some geologists thought that
i
t
c
ontained
a
hi
ghly compressed ball
o
f
i
ncandescent
gas while others suspected that
i
t
c
onsisted
o
f
s
eparate shells each made
o
f
a
di
fferent
material

3
3
3
3 suppresses
suppresses
suppresses
suppresses
（
suppress[
suppress[
suppress[
suppress[
sE5pres
sE5pres
sE5pres
sE5pres
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
镇
压废止

It might be that
a
s
tiff lip suppresses emotional response as long as the lip is not
quivering with fear or tension

3
3
3
3 supervised
supervised
supervised
supervised
（
supervise[
supervise[
supervise[
supervise[
5sjupEvaIz
5sjupEvaIz
5sjupEvaIz
5sjupEvaIz
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
监
督理

It supervised the incorporation
o
f
ne
w artistic techniques

3
3
3
3 superheated
superheated
superheated
superheated
（
superheat
superheat
superheat
superheat
）
v

v
v
v

热
n
n
n
n
热

When each fragment slammed at 60 kilometers per second into the dense atmosphere
its immense kinetic energy was transformed into heat producing
a
s
uperheated fireball
that was ejected back through the tunnel the fragment had made
a
f
ew seconds earlier

3
3
3
3 sums
sums
sums
sums
（
sum[
sum[
sum[
sum[
sQm
sQm
sQm
sQm
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
总数
v

v
v
v
概
括




总结

W
ith
s
uch unparalleled sums at their disposal with the Olmsted guidelines to follow
and with the added incentive
o
f
w
anting to have the city at its best for the Alaska
YukonPacific Exposition
o
f
1909 t
he Parks Board bought aggressively

3
3
3
3 suffered
suffered
suffered
suffered
（
suffer[
suffer[
suffer[
suffer[
5sQfE
5sQfE
5sQfE
5sQfE
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
遭
受




忍受

Water projects
i
n
t
he United States gained
a
ne
w rationale
i
n
t
he 1930＇s as the nation
suffered its worst cconomic depression and the Great Plains region suffered its worst
drought
i
n
r
ecorded history

3
3
3
3 succulent
succulent
succulent
succulent [
[
[
[
5sQkjJlEnt
5sQkjJlEnt
5sQkjJlEnt
5sQkjJlEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
汁
n
n
n
n
汁植物

The early explorers and settlers told
o
f
a
bundant deer
i
n
t
he early 1800s and yet
almost
i
n
t
he same breath bemoaned the lack
o
f
t
his succulent game animal

3
3
3
3 semisubsistence
semisubsistence
semisubsistence
semisubsistence adj
adj
adj
adj
半

The semisubsistence farming areas dominated by Democrats became increasingly
isolated by the Whigs＇ control
o
f
t
he market economy

3
3
3
3 subsidized
subsidized
subsidized
subsidized
（
subsidize[
subsidize[
subsidize[
subsidize[
5sQbsIdaIz
5sQbsIdaIz
5sQbsIdaIz
5sQbsIdaIz
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

补助金贿赂

In New
Y
ork
C
ity except for governmentsubsidized construction the only rental units
being built are luxury units which are exempt from controls

3
3
3
3 subsided
subsided
subsided
subsided
（
subside[
subside[
subside[
subside[
sEb5saId
sEb5saId
sEb5saId
sEb5saId
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
退
落消退息

The Wilmington field near Long Beach California has subsided nine meters
i
n
50
y
ears protective barriers have had to be built to prevent seawater from flooding the
area

3
3
3
3 subscribed
subscribed
subscribed
subscribed
（
subscribe[
subscribe[
subscribe[
subscribe[
sEb5skraIb
sEb5skraIb
sEb5skraIb
sEb5skraIb
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
捐
献签署赞成

And virtually
a
ll
pol
icy makers whether they subscribed to the tenets
o
f
t
he
philosophy held by Jefferson or not recognized agriculture as the key component
o
f
t
he
American economy

3
3
3
3 strive
strive
strive
strive [
[
[
[
straIv
straIv
straIv
straIv
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
努
力苦干

Like
a
ll
a
rtists jazz musicians strive for
a
n
i
ndividual style and the improvise or
paraphrased is
a
j
azz musician＇s main opportunity to display his or her individuality

3
3
3
3 strategy
strategy
strategy
strategy [
[
[
[
5strAtIdVI
5strAtIdVI
5strAtIdVI
5strAtIdVI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
策略

Adaptations for speed however are likely to require sacrifices
i
n
ot
her attributes so
we might expect only some species to adopt
a
s
imple fast flight strategy

3
3
3
3 stationary
stationary
stationary
stationary [
[
[
[
5steIF(E)nErI
5steIF(E)nErI
5steIF(E)nErI
5steIF(E)nErI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
动定居

Subsequently manufacturers made use
o
f
ne
w improved stationary steam engines to
power their mills

3
3
3
3 startling
startling
startling
startling
（
startle[
startle[
startle[
startle[
5stBtl
5stBtl
5stBtl
5stBtl
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
吃
惊惊吓老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
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老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
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：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
131
131
131
131
3
3
3
3 s
uspect
suspect
suspect
suspect [
[
[
[
sEs5pekt
sEs5pekt
sEs5pekt
sEs5pekt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
怀
疑猜疑
n
n
n
n
嫌疑犯疑分子
adj
adj
adj
adj
令怀疑

Some geologists thought that
i
t
c
ontained
a
hi
ghly compressed ball
o
f
i
ncandescent
gas while others suspected that
i
t
c
onsisted
o
f
s
eparate shells each made
o
f
a
di
fferent
material

3
3
3
3 suppresses
suppresses
suppresses
suppresses
（
suppress[
suppress[
suppress[
suppress[
sE5pres
sE5pres
sE5pres
sE5pres
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
镇
压废止

It might be that
a
s
tiff lip suppresses emotional response as long as the lip is not
quivering with fear or tension

3
3
3
3 supervised
supervised
supervised
supervised
（
supervise[
supervise[
supervise[
supervise[
5sjupEvaIz
5sjupEvaIz
5sjupEvaIz
5sjupEvaIz
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
监
督理

It supervised the incorporation
o
f
ne
w artistic techniques

3
3
3
3 superheated
superheated
superheated
superheated
（
superheat
superheat
superheat
superheat
）
v

v
v
v

热
n
n
n
n
热

When each fragment slammed at 60 kilometers per second into the dense atmosphere
its immense kinetic energy was transformed into heat producing
a
s
uperheated fireball
that was ejected back through the tunnel the fragment had made
a
f
ew seconds earlier

3
3
3
3 sums
sums
sums
sums
（
sum[
sum[
sum[
sum[
sQm
sQm
sQm
sQm
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
总数
v

v
v
v
概
括




总结

W
ith
s
uch unparalleled sums at their disposal with the Olmsted guidelines to follow
and with the added incentive
o
f
w
anting to have the city at its best for the Alaska
YukonPacific Exposition
o
f
1909 t
he Parks Board bought aggressively

3
3
3
3 suffered
suffered
suffered
suffered
（
suffer[
suffer[
suffer[
suffer[
5sQfE
5sQfE
5sQfE
5sQfE
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
遭
受




忍受

Water projects
i
n
t
he United States gained
a
ne
w rationale
i
n
t
he 1930＇s as the nation
suffered its worst cconomic depression and the Great Plains region suffered its worst
drought
i
n
r
ecorded history

3
3
3
3 succulent
succulent
succulent
succulent [
[
[
[
5sQkjJlEnt
5sQkjJlEnt
5sQkjJlEnt
5sQkjJlEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
汁
n
n
n
n
汁植物

The early explorers and settlers told
o
f
a
bundant deer
i
n
t
he early 1800s and yet
almost
i
n
t
he same breath bemoaned the lack
o
f
t
his succulent game animal

3
3
3
3 semisubsistence
semisubsistence
semisubsistence
semisubsistence adj
adj
adj
adj
半

The semisubsistence farming areas dominated by Democrats became increasingly
isolated by the Whigs＇ control
o
f
t
he market economy

3
3
3
3 subsidized
subsidized
subsidized
subsidized
（
subsidize[
subsidize[
subsidize[
subsidize[
5sQbsIdaIz
5sQbsIdaIz
5sQbsIdaIz
5sQbsIdaIz
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

补助金贿赂

In New
Y
ork
C
ity except for governmentsubsidized construction the only rental units
being built are luxury units which are exempt from controls

3
3
3
3 subsided
subsided
subsided
subsided
（
subside[
subside[
subside[
subside[
sEb5saId
sEb5saId
sEb5saId
sEb5saId
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
退
落消退息

The Wilmington field near Long Beach California has subsided nine meters
i
n
50
y
ears protective barriers have had to be built to prevent seawater from flooding the
area

3
3
3
3 subscribed
subscribed
subscribed
subscribed
（
subscribe[
subscribe[
subscribe[
subscribe[
sEb5skraIb
sEb5skraIb
sEb5skraIb
sEb5skraIb
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
捐
献签署赞成

And virtually
a
ll
pol
icy makers whether they subscribed to the tenets
o
f
t
he
philosophy held by Jefferson or not recognized agriculture as the key component
o
f
t
he
American economy

3
3
3
3 strive
strive
strive
strive [
[
[
[
straIv
straIv
straIv
straIv
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
努
力苦干

Like
a
ll
a
rtists jazz musicians strive for
a
n
i
ndividual style and the improvise or
paraphrased is
a
j
azz musician＇s main opportunity to display his or her individuality

3
3
3
3 strategy
strategy
strategy
strategy [
[
[
[
5strAtIdVI
5strAtIdVI
5strAtIdVI
5strAtIdVI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
策略

Adaptations for speed however are likely to require sacrifices
i
n
ot
her attributes so
we might expect only some species to adopt
a
s
imple fast flight strategy

3
3
3
3 stationary
stationary
stationary
stationary [
[
[
[
5steIF(E)nErI
5steIF(E)nErI
5steIF(E)nErI
5steIF(E)nErI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
动定居

Subsequently manufacturers made use
o
f
ne
w improved stationary steam engines to
power their mills

3
3
3
3 startling
startling
startling
startling
（
startle[
startle[
startle[
startle[
5stBtl
5stBtl
5stBtl
5stBtl
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
吃
惊惊吓老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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Blog
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师
Blog
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
132
132
132
132

S
oon after Voyager 2
’
s
e
ncounter with Jupiter
i
n
1979 w
hen the best images
o
f
E
urop
a
w
ere obtained researchers advanced the startling idea that Europa
’
s
s
ubsurface ocean
might harbor life

3
3
3
3 stagnant
stagnant
stagnant
stagnant [
[
[
[
5stA^nEnt
5stA^nEnt
5stA^nEnt
5stA^nEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
流动萧条

The other component is
a
n
a
lga (similar to the green film
o
f
pl
ant life that grows
o
n
s
tagnant pools) that is distributed throughout the fungu

3
3
3
3 squander
squander
squander
squander [
[
[
[
5skwDndE
5skwDndE
5skwDndE
5skwDndE
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
浪
费挥霍

Similarly
a
pl
ant or animal cannot squander
a
ll
i
ts energy
o
n
gr
owing
a
bi
g body
i
f
none w
ould be left over for reproduction for this is the surest way to extinction

3
3
3
3 sprawl
sprawl
sprawl
sprawl [
[
[
[
sprCl
sprCl
sprCl
sprCl
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
蔓
生蔓延

The new accessibility
o
f
l
and around the periphery
o
f
a
lmost every major city sparked
a
n
e
xplosion
o
f
r
eal estate development and fueled what we now know as urban
sprawl

3
3
3
3 sprang
sprang
sprang
sprang
（
spring[
spring[
spring[
spring[
sprIN
sprIN
sprIN
sprIN
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
跳
弹起（时）

Farmers seemed to become more scientific joining agricultural societies and reading
the farm newspapers that sprang up throughout the country

3
3
3
3 spectators
spectators
spectators
spectators
（
spectator[
spectator[
spectator[
spectator[
spek5teItE5spekteItE
spek5teItE5spekteItE
spek5teItE5spekteItE
spek5teItE5spekteItE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
观众旁观者

Slideandlantern shows had been presented to audiences
o
f
hundr
eds
o
f
s
pectators

3
3
3
3 s
pectacles
spectacles
spectacles
spectacles
（
spectacle[
spectacle[
spectacle[
spectacle[
5spektEkl
5spektEkl
5spektEkl
5spektEkl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
奇观场面

How did the early movies differ from previous spectacles that were presented to large
audiences

3
3
3
3 spearheaded
spearheaded
spearheaded
spearheaded
（
spearhead
spearhead
spearhead
spearhead
）
v

v
v
v
带
头

And skilled craft workers who spearheaded the union movement did not feel
a
pa
rticularly strong bond with semiskilled factory workers and unskilled laborers

3
3
3
3 sparse
sparse
sparse
sparse [
[
[
[
spBs
spBs
spBs
spBs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
稀疏

Finally for the many small mammals that supplement their insect diet with fruits or
seeds
a
n
i
nability to span open gaps between tree crowns may be problematic since
trees that yield these foods can be sparse

3
3
3
3 sparked
sparked
sparked
sparked
（
spark[
spark[
spark[
spark[
spBk
spBk
spBk
spBk
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
发
出火花发动激励

However much
o
f
t
his interest has been sparked by sweeping claims that the food
supply is unsafe or
i
n
a
dequate
i
n
m
eeting nutritional needs

3
3
3
3 softens
softens
softens
softens
（
soften[
soften[
soften[
soften[
5sD()fn
5sD()fn
5sD()fn
5sD()fn
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

变柔软变蔼

Unlike metals that flow or freeze at specific temperatures glass progressively softens
as the temperature rises going through varying stages
o
f
m
alleability until
i
t
f
lows like
a
t
hick syrup

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
3
3
3
3 sodium
sodium
sodium
sodium [
[
[
[
5sEJdjEm dIEm
5sEJdjEm dIEm
5sEJdjEm dIEm
5sEJdjEm dIEm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
钠

Potash (the old name for potassium carbonate) is one
o
f
t
he two alkalis (the other
being soda sodium carbonate) that were used from remote antiquity
i
n
t
he making
o
f
gl
ass and from the early Middle Ages
i
n
t
he making
o
f
s
oap the former being the
product
o
f
he
ating
a
m
ixture
o
f
a
lkali and sand the latter
a
pr
oduct
o
f
a
lkali and
vegetable oil

3
3
3
3 sociologists
sociologists
sociologists
sociologists
（
sociologist[
sociologist[
sociologist[
sociologist[
sEJsIE5lDdVIst
sEJsIE5lDdVIst
sEJsIE5lDdVIst
sEJsIE5lDdVIst
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
社会学家

According to sociologists there are several different ways
i
n
w
hich
a
pe
rson may
become recognized as the leader
o
f
a
s
ocial group
i
n
t
he United States

3
3
3
3 soaked
soaked
soaked
soaked
（
soak[
soak[
soak[
soak[
sEJk
sEJk
sEJk
sEJk
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
吸
入浸泡
n
n
n
n
浸泡

Ordinary meteoric water is water that has soaked into the ground from the surface
from precipitation (rain and snow) and from lakes and streams

3
3
3
3 snap
snap
snap
snap [
[
[
[
snAp
snAp
snAp
snAp
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
猛咬
v

v
v
v
咬老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
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英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
132
132
132
132

S
oon after Voyager 2
’
s
e
ncounter with Jupiter
i
n
1979 w
hen the best images
o
f
E
urop
a
w
ere obtained researchers advanced the startling idea that Europa
’
s
s
ubsurface ocean
might harbor life

3
3
3
3 stagnant
stagnant
stagnant
stagnant [
[
[
[
5stA^nEnt
5stA^nEnt
5stA^nEnt
5stA^nEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
流动萧条

The other component is
a
n
a
lga (similar to the green film
o
f
pl
ant life that grows
o
n
s
tagnant pools) that is distributed throughout the fungu

3
3
3
3 squander
squander
squander
squander [
[
[
[
5skwDndE
5skwDndE
5skwDndE
5skwDndE
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
浪
费挥霍

Similarly
a
pl
ant or animal cannot squander
a
ll
i
ts energy
o
n
gr
owing
a
bi
g body
i
f
none w
ould be left over for reproduction for this is the surest way to extinction

3
3
3
3 sprawl
sprawl
sprawl
sprawl [
[
[
[
sprCl
sprCl
sprCl
sprCl
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
蔓
生蔓延

The new accessibility
o
f
l
and around the periphery
o
f
a
lmost every major city sparked
a
n
e
xplosion
o
f
r
eal estate development and fueled what we now know as urban
sprawl

3
3
3
3 sprang
sprang
sprang
sprang
（
spring[
spring[
spring[
spring[
sprIN
sprIN
sprIN
sprIN
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
跳
弹起（时）

Farmers seemed to become more scientific joining agricultural societies and reading
the farm newspapers that sprang up throughout the country

3
3
3
3 spectators
spectators
spectators
spectators
（
spectator[
spectator[
spectator[
spectator[
spek5teItE5spekteItE
spek5teItE5spekteItE
spek5teItE5spekteItE
spek5teItE5spekteItE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
观众旁观者

Slideandlantern shows had been presented to audiences
o
f
hundr
eds
o
f
s
pectators

3
3
3
3 s
pectacles
spectacles
spectacles
spectacles
（
spectacle[
spectacle[
spectacle[
spectacle[
5spektEkl
5spektEkl
5spektEkl
5spektEkl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
奇观场面

How did the early movies differ from previous spectacles that were presented to large
audiences

3
3
3
3 spearheaded
spearheaded
spearheaded
spearheaded
（
spearhead
spearhead
spearhead
spearhead
）
v

v
v
v
带
头

And skilled craft workers who spearheaded the union movement did not feel
a
pa
rticularly strong bond with semiskilled factory workers and unskilled laborers

3
3
3
3 sparse
sparse
sparse
sparse [
[
[
[
spBs
spBs
spBs
spBs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
稀疏

Finally for the many small mammals that supplement their insect diet with fruits or
seeds
a
n
i
nability to span open gaps between tree crowns may be problematic since
trees that yield these foods can be sparse

3
3
3
3 sparked
sparked
sparked
sparked
（
spark[
spark[
spark[
spark[
spBk
spBk
spBk
spBk
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
发
出火花发动激励

However much
o
f
t
his interest has been sparked by sweeping claims that the food
supply is unsafe or
i
n
a
dequate
i
n
m
eeting nutritional needs

3
3
3
3 softens
softens
softens
softens
（
soften[
soften[
soften[
soften[
5sD()fn
5sD()fn
5sD()fn
5sD()fn
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

变柔软变蔼

Unlike metals that flow or freeze at specific temperatures glass progressively softens
as the temperature rises going through varying stages
o
f
m
alleability until
i
t
f
lows like
a
t
hick syrup

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
3
3
3
3 sodium
sodium
sodium
sodium [
[
[
[
5sEJdjEm dIEm
5sEJdjEm dIEm
5sEJdjEm dIEm
5sEJdjEm dIEm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
钠

Potash (the old name for potassium carbonate) is one
o
f
t
he two alkalis (the other
being soda sodium carbonate) that were used from remote antiquity
i
n
t
he making
o
f
gl
ass and from the early Middle Ages
i
n
t
he making
o
f
s
oap the former being the
product
o
f
he
ating
a
m
ixture
o
f
a
lkali and sand the latter
a
pr
oduct
o
f
a
lkali and
vegetable oil

3
3
3
3 sociologists
sociologists
sociologists
sociologists
（
sociologist[
sociologist[
sociologist[
sociologist[
sEJsIE5lDdVIst
sEJsIE5lDdVIst
sEJsIE5lDdVIst
sEJsIE5lDdVIst
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
社会学家

According to sociologists there are several different ways
i
n
w
hich
a
pe
rson may
become recognized as the leader
o
f
a
s
ocial group
i
n
t
he United States

3
3
3
3 soaked
soaked
soaked
soaked
（
soak[
soak[
soak[
soak[
sEJk
sEJk
sEJk
sEJk
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
吸
入浸泡
n
n
n
n
浸泡

Ordinary meteoric water is water that has soaked into the ground from the surface
from precipitation (rain and snow) and from lakes and streams

3
3
3
3 snap
snap
snap
snap [
[
[
[
snAp
snAp
snAp
snAp
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
猛咬
v

v
v
v
咬老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
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英语前线
老
师
Blog
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留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
133
133
133
133

W
alking or leaping species
o
f
a
s
imilar or even larger size access the outer twigs either
by snapping
o
ff
a
nd retrieving the whole branch or by clutching stiff branches with the
feet or tail and plucking food with their hands

3
3
3
3 smoky
smoky
smoky
smoky [
[
[
[
5smEJkI
5smEJkI
5smEJkI
5smEJkI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
烟

Coal gas rivaled smoky
o
il
l
amps and flickering candles and early
i
n
t
he new century
well—to—do Londoners grew accustomed to gaslit houses and even streets

3
3
3
3 slush
slush
slush
slush n
n
n
n
融雪




泥泞
v

v
v
v
溅
泼




润滑油

Europa＇s icy face appear to be fractures where water or slush oozes from below

3
3
3
3 slices
slices
slices
slices
（
slice[
slice[
slice[
slice[
slaIs
slaIs
slaIs
slaIs
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
薄片切片
v

v
v
v
切
成薄片切

After they picked it they sliced it dried it and strung the slices before they stored
them

3
3
3
3 slates
slates
slates
slates
（
slate[
slate[
slate[
slate[
sleIt
sleIt
sleIt
sleIt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
板岩石板
v

v
v
v
铺
石板责骂

Its focus
o
n
de
corative arts helped to induce United Slates museums and private
collectors to begin collecting furniture glass ceramics metalwork and textiles
i
n
t
he
late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries

3
3
3
3 skyscrapers
skyscrapers
skyscrapers
skyscrapers
（
skyscraper[
skyscraper[
skyscraper[
skyscraper[
5skaIskreIpE(r)
5skaIskreIpE(r)
5skaIskreIpE(r)
5skaIskreIpE(r)
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
摩天楼

a
n
i
ndustrial process for manufacturing steel) which provided steel girders for the
construction
o
f
s
kyscrapers

3
3
3
3 skeptical
skeptical
skeptical
skeptical [
[
[
[
5skeptIkEl
5skeptIkEl
5skeptIkEl
5skeptIkEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
怀疑怀疑

Samuel Clemens who adopted the pen name Mark Twain became the country＇s most
outstanding realist author observing life around him with
a
hum
orous and skeptical
eye

3
3
3
3 situated
situated
situated
situated
（
situate[
situate[
situate[
situate[
5sItjJeIt
5sItjJeIt
5sItjJeIt
5sItjJeIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

位

At Corinth and Athens however two
o
f
t
he bestknown potters
’
qua
rters were situated
o
n
t
he cities
’
ou
tskirts and potters and makers
o
f
t
erracotta figurines were also
established well within the city
o
f
A
thens itself

3
3
3
3 silicon
silicon
silicon
silicon [
[
[
[
5sIlIkEn
5sIlIkEn
5sIlIkEn
5sIlIkEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
硅

Even without the problem
o
f
r
egional differences rocks present
a
di
fficulty as unique
time markers Quartz is quartz—
a
s
ilicon ion surrounded by four oxygen ions— there
’
s
no di
fference at
a
ll
be
tween twomillionyearold Pleistocene quartz and Cambrian
quartz created over 500 million years ago
．

3
3
3
3 s
hale
shale
shale
shale [
[
[
[
FeIl
FeIl
FeIl
FeIl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
泥板岩

While rock between two consistent strata might
i
n
one pl
ace be shale and
i
n
a
nother
sandstone the fossils
i
n
t
hat shale or sandstone were always the same

3
3
3
3 shafts
shafts
shafts
shafts
（
shaft[
shaft[
shaft[
shaft[
FBft
FBft
FBft
FBft
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
轴杆状物

They engraved animal figures
o
n
t
he shafts
o
f
s
pears and other objects

3
3
3
3 shades
shades
shades
shades
（
shade[
shade[
shade[
shade[
FeId
FeId
FeId
FeId
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
荫凉处遮光物
v

v
v
v
遮
蔽阴暗

What was the advantage
o
f
us
ing madder plants for different shades
o
f
r
ed

3
3
3
3 sensory
sensory
sensory
sensory [
[
[
[
5sensErI
5sensErI
5sensErI
5sensErI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
感觉器官感觉

For babies language is
a
s
ensorymotor delight rather than the route to prosaic
meaning that
i
t
of
ten is for adults

3
3
3
3 seeps
seeps
seeps
seeps
（
seep[
seep[
seep[
seep[
sip
sip
sip
sip
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
泉
v

v
v
v
渗
出

The rain seeps underground and the water may reappear later as springs

3
3
3
3 secular
secular
secular
secular [
[
[
[
5sekjJlE
5sekjJlE
5sekjJlE
5sekjJlE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
世俗（宗教相）

Secular institutions
o
f
c
ontrol such as the police and army take the place
o
f
r
eligion
and family
i
n
m
aintaining order and
a
m
oneybased economy prevails

3
3
3
3 scope
scope
scope
scope [
[
[
[
skEJp
skEJp
skEJp
skEJp
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
范围老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
133
133
133
133

W
alking or leaping species
o
f
a
s
imilar or even larger size access the outer twigs either
by snapping
o
ff
a
nd retrieving the whole branch or by clutching stiff branches with the
feet or tail and plucking food with their hands

3
3
3
3 smoky
smoky
smoky
smoky [
[
[
[
5smEJkI
5smEJkI
5smEJkI
5smEJkI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
烟

Coal gas rivaled smoky
o
il
l
amps and flickering candles and early
i
n
t
he new century
well—to—do Londoners grew accustomed to gaslit houses and even streets

3
3
3
3 slush
slush
slush
slush n
n
n
n
融雪




泥泞
v

v
v
v
溅
泼




润滑油

Europa＇s icy face appear to be fractures where water or slush oozes from below

3
3
3
3 slices
slices
slices
slices
（
slice[
slice[
slice[
slice[
slaIs
slaIs
slaIs
slaIs
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
薄片切片
v

v
v
v
切
成薄片切

After they picked it they sliced it dried it and strung the slices before they stored
them

3
3
3
3 slates
slates
slates
slates
（
slate[
slate[
slate[
slate[
sleIt
sleIt
sleIt
sleIt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
板岩石板
v

v
v
v
铺
石板责骂

Its focus
o
n
de
corative arts helped to induce United Slates museums and private
collectors to begin collecting furniture glass ceramics metalwork and textiles
i
n
t
he
late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries

3
3
3
3 skyscrapers
skyscrapers
skyscrapers
skyscrapers
（
skyscraper[
skyscraper[
skyscraper[
skyscraper[
5skaIskreIpE(r)
5skaIskreIpE(r)
5skaIskreIpE(r)
5skaIskreIpE(r)
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
摩天楼

a
n
i
ndustrial process for manufacturing steel) which provided steel girders for the
construction
o
f
s
kyscrapers

3
3
3
3 skeptical
skeptical
skeptical
skeptical [
[
[
[
5skeptIkEl
5skeptIkEl
5skeptIkEl
5skeptIkEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
怀疑怀疑

Samuel Clemens who adopted the pen name Mark Twain became the country＇s most
outstanding realist author observing life around him with
a
hum
orous and skeptical
eye

3
3
3
3 situated
situated
situated
situated
（
situate[
situate[
situate[
situate[
5sItjJeIt
5sItjJeIt
5sItjJeIt
5sItjJeIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

位

At Corinth and Athens however two
o
f
t
he bestknown potters
’
qua
rters were situated
o
n
t
he cities
’
ou
tskirts and potters and makers
o
f
t
erracotta figurines were also
established well within the city
o
f
A
thens itself

3
3
3
3 silicon
silicon
silicon
silicon [
[
[
[
5sIlIkEn
5sIlIkEn
5sIlIkEn
5sIlIkEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
硅

Even without the problem
o
f
r
egional differences rocks present
a
di
fficulty as unique
time markers Quartz is quartz—
a
s
ilicon ion surrounded by four oxygen ions— there
’
s
no di
fference at
a
ll
be
tween twomillionyearold Pleistocene quartz and Cambrian
quartz created over 500 million years ago
．

3
3
3
3 s
hale
shale
shale
shale [
[
[
[
FeIl
FeIl
FeIl
FeIl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
泥板岩

While rock between two consistent strata might
i
n
one pl
ace be shale and
i
n
a
nother
sandstone the fossils
i
n
t
hat shale or sandstone were always the same

3
3
3
3 shafts
shafts
shafts
shafts
（
shaft[
shaft[
shaft[
shaft[
FBft
FBft
FBft
FBft
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
轴杆状物

They engraved animal figures
o
n
t
he shafts
o
f
s
pears and other objects

3
3
3
3 shades
shades
shades
shades
（
shade[
shade[
shade[
shade[
FeId
FeId
FeId
FeId
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
荫凉处遮光物
v

v
v
v
遮
蔽阴暗

What was the advantage
o
f
us
ing madder plants for different shades
o
f
r
ed

3
3
3
3 sensory
sensory
sensory
sensory [
[
[
[
5sensErI
5sensErI
5sensErI
5sensErI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
感觉器官感觉

For babies language is
a
s
ensorymotor delight rather than the route to prosaic
meaning that
i
t
of
ten is for adults

3
3
3
3 seeps
seeps
seeps
seeps
（
seep[
seep[
seep[
seep[
sip
sip
sip
sip
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
泉
v

v
v
v
渗
出

The rain seeps underground and the water may reappear later as springs

3
3
3
3 secular
secular
secular
secular [
[
[
[
5sekjJlE
5sekjJlE
5sekjJlE
5sekjJlE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
世俗（宗教相）

Secular institutions
o
f
c
ontrol such as the police and army take the place
o
f
r
eligion
and family
i
n
m
aintaining order and
a
m
oneybased economy prevails

3
3
3
3 scope
scope
scope
scope [
[
[
[
skEJp
skEJp
skEJp
skEJp
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
范围老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
134
134
134
134

T
he invention
o
f
t
he visiblelight microscope late
i
n
t
he sixteenth century introduced
a
pr
eviously unknown realm
o
f
s
inglecelled plants and animals

老师
Toefl
词汇红宝书 老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
3
3
3
3 scavengers
scavengers
scavengers
scavengers
（
scavenger[
scavenger[
scavenger[
scavenger[
5skAvIndVE
5skAvIndVE
5skAvIndVE
5skAvIndVE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
食腐动物

Quick burial
o
f
t
he dead organism so that protection is affordedagainst weathering
bacterial action and scavengers

3
3
3
3 salty
salty
salty
salty [
[
[
[
5sCltI
5sCltI
5sCltI
5sCltI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
盐分

There salty water rises from the groundwater table by capillary action through tiny
spaces
i
n
s
ediment until
i
t
r
eaches the surface

3
3
3
3 salary
salary
salary
salary [
[
[
[
5sAlErI
5sAlErI
5sAlErI
5sAlErI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
工资

Congress provided that the mail carriers who delivered the mail from the post offices
to private addresses should receive
a
gov
ernment salary and that there should be no
extra charge for that delivery

3
3
3
3 saint
saint
saint
saint [
[
[
[
seInt sEnt
seInt sEnt
seInt sEnt
seInt sEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
圣

Eruptions at glaciated volcanoes typically destroy ice fields as they did
i
n
1980 w
hen
70 percent
o
f
M
ount Saint Helens ice cover was demolished

3
3
3
3 sacred
sacred
sacred
sacred [
[
[
[
5seIkrId
5seIkrId
5seIkrId
5seIkrId
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
宗教神圣

The sacred objects
o
f
t
he family were under the control
o
f
t
he oldest female but the
ritual ceremonies were conducted by her brother or son

3
3
3
3 rust
rust
rust
rust [
[
[
[
rQst
rQst
rQst
rQst
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
锈生锈
v

v
v
v
生
锈

Inhabitants
o
f
a
reas elsewhere where streets and highways are salted to control ice
are familiar with the resulting rust and deterioration
o
n
c
ars

3
3
3
3 rockies
rockies
rockies
rockies
[
[
[
[
5rDkIz
5rDkIz
5rDkIz
5rDkIz
]
]
]
]
n
n
n
n
洛矶山脉

Famous explorers
o
f
t
he north American frontier Lewis and had experienced great
difficulty finding game west
o
f
t
he Rockies and not until the second
o
f
D
ecember did
they kill their first elk

3
3
3
3 ridiculous
ridiculous
ridiculous
ridiculous [
[
[
[
rI5dIkjJlEs
rI5dIkjJlEs
rI5dIkjJlEs
rI5dIkjJlEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
荒谬笑

For example one sign
o
f
t
his condition is the appearance
o
f
t
he comic vision since
comedy requires sufficient detachment to view some deviations from social norms as
ridiculous rather than as serious threats to the welfare
o
f
t
he entire group

3
3
3
3 revered
revered
revered
revered
（
revere[
revere[
revere[
revere[
rI5vIE
rI5vIE
rI5vIE
rI5vIE
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
崇
敬

Founded
i
n
t
he late nineteenth century by British social critics John Ruskin and
William Morris the movement revered craft as
a
f
orm
o
f
a
rt

3
3
3
3 retract
retract
retract
retract [
[
[
[
rI5trAkt
rI5trAkt
rI5trAkt
rI5trAkt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
缩
回缩进

Airplanes retract their landing gear while
i
n
f
light for the same reason

3
3
3
3 reputation
reputation
reputation
reputation [
[
[
[
7repjJ()5teIFEn
7repjJ()5teIFEn
7repjJ()5teIFEn
7repjJ()5teIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
名声信誉

Local craftspeoplesign coach and house paintersbegan to paint portraits as
a
pr
ofitable sideline sometimes
a
t
alented man or woman who began by sketching family
members gained
a
l
ocal reputation and was besieged with requests for portraits artists
found
i
t
w
orth their while to pack their paints canvases and brushes and to travel the
countryside often combining house decorating with portrait painting

3
3
3
3 repertoire
repertoire
repertoire
repertoire [
[
[
[
5repEtwB
5repEtwB
5repEtwB
5repEtwB
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
全部技全部剧目

Plovers also have
a
n
e
ffective repertoire
o
f
t
ricks for distracting potential nest
predators from their exposed and defenseless eggs or chicks

3
3
3
3 render
render
render
render [
[
[
[
5rendE
5rendE
5rendE
5rendE
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v

予描述

Rapid ecological change may render
a
n
e
nvironment hostile to
a
s
pecies

3
3
3
3 regolith
regolith
regolith
regolith n
n
n
n
浮土

Close observation
o
f
c
raters combined with the way the Moon diffusely reflects
sunlight led to the understanding that the Moon is covered by
a
s
urface layer or老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
134
134
134
134

T
he invention
o
f
t
he visiblelight microscope late
i
n
t
he sixteenth century introduced
a
pr
eviously unknown realm
o
f
s
inglecelled plants and animals

老师
Toefl
词汇红宝书 老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
3
3
3
3 scavengers
scavengers
scavengers
scavengers
（
scavenger[
scavenger[
scavenger[
scavenger[
5skAvIndVE
5skAvIndVE
5skAvIndVE
5skAvIndVE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
食腐动物

Quick burial
o
f
t
he dead organism so that protection is affordedagainst weathering
bacterial action and scavengers

3
3
3
3 salty
salty
salty
salty [
[
[
[
5sCltI
5sCltI
5sCltI
5sCltI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
盐分

There salty water rises from the groundwater table by capillary action through tiny
spaces
i
n
s
ediment until
i
t
r
eaches the surface

3
3
3
3 salary
salary
salary
salary [
[
[
[
5sAlErI
5sAlErI
5sAlErI
5sAlErI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
工资

Congress provided that the mail carriers who delivered the mail from the post offices
to private addresses should receive
a
gov
ernment salary and that there should be no
extra charge for that delivery

3
3
3
3 saint
saint
saint
saint [
[
[
[
seInt sEnt
seInt sEnt
seInt sEnt
seInt sEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
圣

Eruptions at glaciated volcanoes typically destroy ice fields as they did
i
n
1980 w
hen
70 percent
o
f
M
ount Saint Helens ice cover was demolished

3
3
3
3 sacred
sacred
sacred
sacred [
[
[
[
5seIkrId
5seIkrId
5seIkrId
5seIkrId
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
宗教神圣

The sacred objects
o
f
t
he family were under the control
o
f
t
he oldest female but the
ritual ceremonies were conducted by her brother or son

3
3
3
3 rust
rust
rust
rust [
[
[
[
rQst
rQst
rQst
rQst
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
锈生锈
v

v
v
v
生
锈

Inhabitants
o
f
a
reas elsewhere where streets and highways are salted to control ice
are familiar with the resulting rust and deterioration
o
n
c
ars

3
3
3
3 rockies
rockies
rockies
rockies
[
[
[
[
5rDkIz
5rDkIz
5rDkIz
5rDkIz
]
]
]
]
n
n
n
n
洛矶山脉

Famous explorers
o
f
t
he north American frontier Lewis and had experienced great
difficulty finding game west
o
f
t
he Rockies and not until the second
o
f
D
ecember did
they kill their first elk

3
3
3
3 ridiculous
ridiculous
ridiculous
ridiculous [
[
[
[
rI5dIkjJlEs
rI5dIkjJlEs
rI5dIkjJlEs
rI5dIkjJlEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
荒谬笑

For example one sign
o
f
t
his condition is the appearance
o
f
t
he comic vision since
comedy requires sufficient detachment to view some deviations from social norms as
ridiculous rather than as serious threats to the welfare
o
f
t
he entire group

3
3
3
3 revered
revered
revered
revered
（
revere[
revere[
revere[
revere[
rI5vIE
rI5vIE
rI5vIE
rI5vIE
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
崇
敬

Founded
i
n
t
he late nineteenth century by British social critics John Ruskin and
William Morris the movement revered craft as
a
f
orm
o
f
a
rt

3
3
3
3 retract
retract
retract
retract [
[
[
[
rI5trAkt
rI5trAkt
rI5trAkt
rI5trAkt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
缩
回缩进

Airplanes retract their landing gear while
i
n
f
light for the same reason

3
3
3
3 reputation
reputation
reputation
reputation [
[
[
[
7repjJ()5teIFEn
7repjJ()5teIFEn
7repjJ()5teIFEn
7repjJ()5teIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
名声信誉

Local craftspeoplesign coach and house paintersbegan to paint portraits as
a
pr
ofitable sideline sometimes
a
t
alented man or woman who began by sketching family
members gained
a
l
ocal reputation and was besieged with requests for portraits artists
found
i
t
w
orth their while to pack their paints canvases and brushes and to travel the
countryside often combining house decorating with portrait painting

3
3
3
3 repertoire
repertoire
repertoire
repertoire [
[
[
[
5repEtwB
5repEtwB
5repEtwB
5repEtwB
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
全部技全部剧目

Plovers also have
a
n
e
ffective repertoire
o
f
t
ricks for distracting potential nest
predators from their exposed and defenseless eggs or chicks

3
3
3
3 render
render
render
render [
[
[
[
5rendE
5rendE
5rendE
5rendE
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v

予描述

Rapid ecological change may render
a
n
e
nvironment hostile to
a
s
pecies

3
3
3
3 regolith
regolith
regolith
regolith n
n
n
n
浮土

Close observation
o
f
c
raters combined with the way the Moon diffusely reflects
sunlight led to the understanding that the Moon is covered by
a
s
urface layer or老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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英语前线
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师
Blog
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Blog
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：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
135
135
135
135
r
egolith that overlies the solid rock
o
f
t
he Moon

3
3
3
3 refined
refined
refined
refined
（
refine[
refine[
refine[
refine[
rI5faIn
rI5faIn
rI5faIn
rI5faIn
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
提
炼

Therefore the higher the clay content
i
n
a
s
ample the more refinedand durable the
shapes into which
i
t
c
an be molded

3
3
3
3 recruitment
recruitment
recruitment
recruitment [
[
[
[
rI`krUtmEnt
rI`krUtmEnt
rI`krUtmEnt
rI`krUtmEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
征募新兵补充

In larger groups leaders are usually chosen formallythrough election or recruitment

3
3
3
3 r
ecording
recording
recording
recording [
[
[
[
rI5kCdIN
rI5kCdIN
rI5kCdIN
rI5kCdIN
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
记录录录音

They abandoned the studio painting
i
n
t
he open air and recording spontaneous
Impressions
o
f
t
heir subjects instead
o
f
m
aking outside sketches and then moving
indoors to complete the work form memory

3
3
3
3 receptor
receptor
receptor
receptor [
[
[
[
rI5septE
rI5septE
rI5septE
rI5septE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
感觉器官

The process by which the nose recognizes
a
n
odor i
s not fully understood but there are
apparently specific receptor sites for specific odors

3
3
3
3 rebound
rebound
rebound
rebound [
[
[
[
rI5baJnd
rI5baJnd
rI5baJnd
rI5baJnd
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
弹
回




复兴
n
n
n
n
弹回




跳回

The causes
o
f
t
his population rebound are consequences
o
f
ot
her human actions

3
3
3
3 reaped
reaped
reaped
reaped
（
reap[
reap[
reap[
reap[
rip
rip
rip
rip
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
收
割获

These ponderous machines —sometimes pulled by as many as 40 horses – reaped the
grain threshed it and bagged it
a
ll
i
n
one s
imultaneous operation

3
3
3
3 raft
raft
raft
raft [
[
[
[
rBft
rBft
rBft
rBft
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
筏
v

v
v
v

筏子运送

This rigid layer floats
o
n
t
he denser material
o
f
t
he lower mantle theway
a
w
ooden raf
t
f
lats
o
n
a
pond

3
3
3
3 q
uarry
quarry
quarry
quarry [
[
[
[
5kwDrI
5kwDrI
5kwDrI
5kwDrI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
石场猎物

That is because
o
f
t
he unusual preservation
i
n
a
l
imestone quarry
i
n
s
outhern Germany
o
f
A
rchaeopteryx
a
f
ossil that many have called the link between dinosaurs and birds

3
3
3
3 p
ursuit
pursuit
pursuit
pursuit [
[
[
[
pE5sjut
pE5sjut
pE5sjut
pE5sjut
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
追踪事 事务

City and country dwellers
o
f
c
ourse conducted this pursuit
i
n
di
fferent ways

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
3
3
3
3 pursue
pursue
pursue
pursue [
[
[
[
pE5sju
pE5sju
pE5sju
pE5sju
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
追
赶

Toward these ends the federal government pursued several courses
o
f
a
ction

3
3
3
3 purification
purification
purification
purification [
[
[
[
7pjJErIfI5keIFEn
7pjJErIfI5keIFEn
7pjJErIfI5keIFEn
7pjJErIfI5keIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
洗净提纯

These serve as
a
n
a
ir purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from
the air to the water or soil
o
n
a
gl
obal basis nature＇s output
o
f
t
hese compounds dwarfs
that resulting form human activities

3
3
3
3 protrude
protrude
protrude
protrude [
[
[
[
prE5trud
prE5trud
prE5trud
prE5trud
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
伸
出突出

The eyes lie flush with the body and do not protrude at all

3
3
3
3 prose
prose
prose
prose [
[
[
[
prEJz
prEJz
prEJz
prEJz
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
散文

They left the AcademyInstitute
a
uni
que bequest for five consecutive years two
distinguished (and financially needy) writers would receive enough money so they
could devote themselves entirely to prose literature (no plays no poetry and no
paying job that might distract)

3
3
3
3 prolonged
prolonged
prolonged
prolonged
（
prolong[
prolong[
prolong[
prolong[
prE5lDN
prE5lDN
prE5lDN
prE5lDN
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
延
长拖延

When water is scarc (as is often the case
o
n
a
m
ountain) lichens may become dorman
t
a
nd remain
i
n
t
hatcondition for prolonged periods
o
f
t
ime

3
3
3
3 prodigious
prodigious
prodigious
prodigious [
[
[
[
prE5dIdVEs
prE5dIdVEs
prE5dIdVEs
prE5dIdVEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
异常

Certain species such as salmonberry and sword ferns have Line adapted to the limited
sunlight dappling through the canopy but few evergreen trees will survive there still
fewer can compete with the early prodigious growth
o
f
a
lders
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
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：
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老
师
Blog
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：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
135
135
135
135
r
egolith that overlies the solid rock
o
f
t
he Moon

3
3
3
3 refined
refined
refined
refined
（
refine[
refine[
refine[
refine[
rI5faIn
rI5faIn
rI5faIn
rI5faIn
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
提
炼

Therefore the higher the clay content
i
n
a
s
ample the more refinedand durable the
shapes into which
i
t
c
an be molded

3
3
3
3 recruitment
recruitment
recruitment
recruitment [
[
[
[
rI`krUtmEnt
rI`krUtmEnt
rI`krUtmEnt
rI`krUtmEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
征募新兵补充

In larger groups leaders are usually chosen formallythrough election or recruitment

3
3
3
3 r
ecording
recording
recording
recording [
[
[
[
rI5kCdIN
rI5kCdIN
rI5kCdIN
rI5kCdIN
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
记录录录音

They abandoned the studio painting
i
n
t
he open air and recording spontaneous
Impressions
o
f
t
heir subjects instead
o
f
m
aking outside sketches and then moving
indoors to complete the work form memory

3
3
3
3 receptor
receptor
receptor
receptor [
[
[
[
rI5septE
rI5septE
rI5septE
rI5septE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
感觉器官

The process by which the nose recognizes
a
n
odor i
s not fully understood but there are
apparently specific receptor sites for specific odors

3
3
3
3 rebound
rebound
rebound
rebound [
[
[
[
rI5baJnd
rI5baJnd
rI5baJnd
rI5baJnd
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
弹
回




复兴
n
n
n
n
弹回




跳回

The causes
o
f
t
his population rebound are consequences
o
f
ot
her human actions

3
3
3
3 reaped
reaped
reaped
reaped
（
reap[
reap[
reap[
reap[
rip
rip
rip
rip
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
收
割获

These ponderous machines —sometimes pulled by as many as 40 horses – reaped the
grain threshed it and bagged it
a
ll
i
n
one s
imultaneous operation

3
3
3
3 raft
raft
raft
raft [
[
[
[
rBft
rBft
rBft
rBft
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
筏
v

v
v
v

筏子运送

This rigid layer floats
o
n
t
he denser material
o
f
t
he lower mantle theway
a
w
ooden raf
t
f
lats
o
n
a
pond

3
3
3
3 q
uarry
quarry
quarry
quarry [
[
[
[
5kwDrI
5kwDrI
5kwDrI
5kwDrI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
石场猎物

That is because
o
f
t
he unusual preservation
i
n
a
l
imestone quarry
i
n
s
outhern Germany
o
f
A
rchaeopteryx
a
f
ossil that many have called the link between dinosaurs and birds

3
3
3
3 p
ursuit
pursuit
pursuit
pursuit [
[
[
[
pE5sjut
pE5sjut
pE5sjut
pE5sjut
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
追踪事 事务

City and country dwellers
o
f
c
ourse conducted this pursuit
i
n
di
fferent ways

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
3
3
3
3 pursue
pursue
pursue
pursue [
[
[
[
pE5sju
pE5sju
pE5sju
pE5sju
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
追
赶

Toward these ends the federal government pursued several courses
o
f
a
ction

3
3
3
3 purification
purification
purification
purification [
[
[
[
7pjJErIfI5keIFEn
7pjJErIfI5keIFEn
7pjJErIfI5keIFEn
7pjJErIfI5keIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
洗净提纯

These serve as
a
n
a
ir purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from
the air to the water or soil
o
n
a
gl
obal basis nature＇s output
o
f
t
hese compounds dwarfs
that resulting form human activities

3
3
3
3 protrude
protrude
protrude
protrude [
[
[
[
prE5trud
prE5trud
prE5trud
prE5trud
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
伸
出突出

The eyes lie flush with the body and do not protrude at all

3
3
3
3 prose
prose
prose
prose [
[
[
[
prEJz
prEJz
prEJz
prEJz
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
散文

They left the AcademyInstitute
a
uni
que bequest for five consecutive years two
distinguished (and financially needy) writers would receive enough money so they
could devote themselves entirely to prose literature (no plays no poetry and no
paying job that might distract)

3
3
3
3 prolonged
prolonged
prolonged
prolonged
（
prolong[
prolong[
prolong[
prolong[
prE5lDN
prE5lDN
prE5lDN
prE5lDN
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
延
长拖延

When water is scarc (as is often the case
o
n
a
m
ountain) lichens may become dorman
t
a
nd remain
i
n
t
hatcondition for prolonged periods
o
f
t
ime

3
3
3
3 prodigious
prodigious
prodigious
prodigious [
[
[
[
prE5dIdVEs
prE5dIdVEs
prE5dIdVEs
prE5dIdVEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
异常

Certain species such as salmonberry and sword ferns have Line adapted to the limited
sunlight dappling through the canopy but few evergreen trees will survive there still
fewer can compete with the early prodigious growth
o
f
a
lders
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
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：
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：
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
136
136
136
136
3
3
3
3 p
roceeded
proceeded
proceeded
proceeded
（
proceed[
proceed[
proceed[
proceed[
prE5sid
prE5sid
prE5sid
prE5sid
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
进
行开展

In August the Mandans picked
a
s
maller amount
o
f
t
he crop before
i
t
ha
d matured
fully

3
3
3
3 prizefights
prizefights
prizefights
prizefights
（
prizefight
prizefight
prizefight
prizefight
）
n
n
n
n
职业性拳击赛

For the price
o
f
25 c
ents (or 5 cents per machine) customers moved from machine to
machine to watch five different films (or
i
n
t
he case
o
f
f
amous prizefights successive
rounds
o
f
a
s
ingle fight)

3
3
3
3 prerecorded
prerecorded
prerecorded
prerecorded
（
prerecord
prerecord
prerecord
prerecord
）
v

v
v
v
预
先录音

Although early exhibitors regularly accompanied movies with live acts the substance
o
f
t
he movies themselves is massproduced prerecorded material that can easily be
reproduced by theaters with little or no active participation by the exhibitor

3
3
3
3 pregnant
pregnant
pregnant
pregnant [
[
[
[
5pre^nEnt
5pre^nEnt
5pre^nEnt
5pre^nEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
怀孕充满

Why are there so many pregnant females and young at Holzmaden when they are so
rare elsewhere

3
3
3
3 portable
portable
portable
portable [
[
[
[
5pCtEbl
5pCtEbl
5pCtEbl
5pCtEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
携带移动

Besides their wearability either as jewelry or incorporated into articles
o
f
a
ttire bead
s
pos
sess the desirable characteristics
o
f
e
very collectible they are durable portable
available
i
n
i
nfinite variety and often valuable
i
n
t
heir original cultur
a
l
c
ontext as well
as
i
n
t
oday＇s market

3
3
3
3 port
port
port
port [
[
[
[
pCt
pCt
pCt
pCt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
港机场

This was natural because these areas were nearest England and France particularly
England from which most capital goods (assets such as equipment) and many
consumer goods were imported Merchandising establishments were accordingly
advantageously located
i
n
por
t cities from which goods could be readily distributed to
interior settlements

3
3
3
3 porpoises
porpoises
porpoises
porpoises
（
porpoise
porpoise
porpoise
porpoise
）
n
n
n
n
鲸

It should be obvious that cetaceanswhales porpoises and dolphinsare mammals

3
3
3
3 plutonic
plutonic
plutonic
plutonic adj
adj
adj
adj
火成岩

Igneous rocks with this coarsegrained texture that formed at depth are called
plutonic

3
3
3
3 plugged
plugged
plugged
plugged
（
plug[
plug[
plug[
plug[
plQ^
plQ^
plQ^
plQ^
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
堵
n

n
n
n
塞子

This is because the gaps among the original grains are often not totally plugged with
cementing chemicals also parts
o
f
t
he original grains may become dissolved by
percolating groundwater either while consolidation is taking place or at any time
afterwards

3
3
3
3 plowing
plowing
plowing
plowing
（
plow[
plow[
plow[
plow[
plaJ
plaJ
plaJ
plaJ
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
耕




开
路
n
n
n
n
犁




雪机

Due to their dense structure iron meteorites have the best chance
o
f
s
urviving
a
n
i
mpact and most are found by farmers plowing their fields
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
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英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
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：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
136
136
136
136
3
3
3
3 p
roceeded
proceeded
proceeded
proceeded
（
proceed[
proceed[
proceed[
proceed[
prE5sid
prE5sid
prE5sid
prE5sid
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
进
行开展

In August the Mandans picked
a
s
maller amount
o
f
t
he crop before
i
t
ha
d matured
fully

3
3
3
3 prizefights
prizefights
prizefights
prizefights
（
prizefight
prizefight
prizefight
prizefight
）
n
n
n
n
职业性拳击赛

For the price
o
f
25 c
ents (or 5 cents per machine) customers moved from machine to
machine to watch five different films (or
i
n
t
he case
o
f
f
amous prizefights successive
rounds
o
f
a
s
ingle fight)

3
3
3
3 prerecorded
prerecorded
prerecorded
prerecorded
（
prerecord
prerecord
prerecord
prerecord
）
v

v
v
v
预
先录音

Although early exhibitors regularly accompanied movies with live acts the substance
o
f
t
he movies themselves is massproduced prerecorded material that can easily be
reproduced by theaters with little or no active participation by the exhibitor

3
3
3
3 pregnant
pregnant
pregnant
pregnant [
[
[
[
5pre^nEnt
5pre^nEnt
5pre^nEnt
5pre^nEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
怀孕充满

Why are there so many pregnant females and young at Holzmaden when they are so
rare elsewhere

3
3
3
3 portable
portable
portable
portable [
[
[
[
5pCtEbl
5pCtEbl
5pCtEbl
5pCtEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
携带移动

Besides their wearability either as jewelry or incorporated into articles
o
f
a
ttire bead
s
pos
sess the desirable characteristics
o
f
e
very collectible they are durable portable
available
i
n
i
nfinite variety and often valuable
i
n
t
heir original cultur
a
l
c
ontext as well
as
i
n
t
oday＇s market

3
3
3
3 port
port
port
port [
[
[
[
pCt
pCt
pCt
pCt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
港机场

This was natural because these areas were nearest England and France particularly
England from which most capital goods (assets such as equipment) and many
consumer goods were imported Merchandising establishments were accordingly
advantageously located
i
n
por
t cities from which goods could be readily distributed to
interior settlements

3
3
3
3 porpoises
porpoises
porpoises
porpoises
（
porpoise
porpoise
porpoise
porpoise
）
n
n
n
n
鲸

It should be obvious that cetaceanswhales porpoises and dolphinsare mammals

3
3
3
3 plutonic
plutonic
plutonic
plutonic adj
adj
adj
adj
火成岩

Igneous rocks with this coarsegrained texture that formed at depth are called
plutonic

3
3
3
3 plugged
plugged
plugged
plugged
（
plug[
plug[
plug[
plug[
plQ^
plQ^
plQ^
plQ^
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
堵
n

n
n
n
塞子

This is because the gaps among the original grains are often not totally plugged with
cementing chemicals also parts
o
f
t
he original grains may become dissolved by
percolating groundwater either while consolidation is taking place or at any time
afterwards

3
3
3
3 plowing
plowing
plowing
plowing
（
plow[
plow[
plow[
plow[
plaJ
plaJ
plaJ
plaJ
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
耕




开
路
n
n
n
n
犁




雪机

Due to their dense structure iron meteorites have the best chance
o
f
s
urviving
a
n
i
mpact and most are found by farmers plowing their fields
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
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英语前线
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师
Blog
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：
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
137
137
137
137
L
ist
List
List
List 7
7
7
7
（第七天）
3
3
3
3 plight
plight
plight
plight [
[
[
[
plaIt
plaIt
plaIt
plaIt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
困境誓约

The desperate plight
o
f
t
he South has eclipsed the fact that reconstruction had to be
undertaken also
i
n
t
he North though less spectacularly

3
3
3
3 plaster
plaster
plaster
plaster [
[
[
[
5plBstE
5plBstE
5plBstE
5plBstE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
石膏
v

v
v
v
涂
灰泥

W
alls
w
ere made
o
f
pl
aster or wood sometimes elaborately paneled

3
3
3
3 pits
pits
pits
pits
（
pit[
pit[
pit[
pit[
pIt
pIt
pIt
pIt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
凹处果核
v

v
v
v

成凹

Anasazi houses were originally built
i
n
pi
ts and were entered from the roof

3
3
3
3 pillows
pillows
pillows
pillows
（
pillow[
pillow[
pillow[
pillow[
5pIlEJ
5pIlEJ
5pIlEJ
5pIlEJ
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
枕头
v

v
v
v
垫

t
hey were short because people slept
i
n
a
s
emisitting position with many bolsters or
pillows and wide because each bed often slept three or more

3
3
3
3 pet
pet
pet
pet [
[
[
[
pet
pet
pet
pet
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
宠物

For example one pet crow learned how to let
a
dog out
o
f
i
ts kennel by pulling the pin
o
n
t
he door

3
3
3
3 pests
pests
pests
pests
（
pest[
pest[
pest[
pest[
pest
pest
pest
pest
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
害虫

Colorado beetle
i
n
i
nfesting potatoes for example seems to be correlated with its hig
h
t
olerance to alkaloids that normally repel potential pests

老师
Blog
：
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3
3
3
3 persisted
persisted
persisted
persisted
（
persist[
persist[
persist[
persist[
pE()5sIst
pE()5sIst
pE()5sIst
pE()5sIst
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
坚
持

As time passed some rituals were abandoned but the stories later called myths
persisted and provided material for art and drama

3
3
3
3 perishables
perishables
perishables
perishables
（
perishable[
perishable[
perishable[
perishable[
5perIFEbl
5perIFEbl
5perIFEbl
5perIFEbl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
易腐坏东西
adj
adj
adj
adj
易腐坏

Railroad refrigerator cars enabled growers and meat packers to ship perishables great
distances and to preserve them for longer periods

3
3
3
3 percussion
percussion
percussion
percussion [
[
[
[
p＼5kQFEn
p＼5kQFEn
p＼5kQFEn
p＼5kQFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
敲敲乐器

Inthe music
o
f
t
he Western world the greatest expansion and experimentation have
involvedpercussion instruments which outnumber strings and winds
i
n
m
any recent
compositions

3
3
3
3 perceived
perceived
perceived
perceived
（
perceive[
perceive[
perceive[
perceive[
pE5siv
pE5siv
pE5siv
pE5siv
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
察
觉

Although art deco
i
n
i
ts many forms was largely perceived as thoroughly modern
i
t
w
as strongly influenced by the decorative arts movements that immediately preceded
it

3
3
3
3 peninsula
peninsula
peninsula
peninsula [
[
[
[
pI5nInsjJlE
pI5nInsjJlE
pI5nInsjJlE
pI5nInsjJlE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
半岛

Its altitude is
a
m
ere couple
o
f
hundr
ed feet but
i
t
i
s high ground
o
n
a
pe
ninsula
elsewhere close to sea level and its drainage is so critical that
a
di
fference
o
f
i
nches
i
n
e
levation can bring major changes
i
n
i
ts plant communities

3
3
3
3 penchant
penchant
penchant
penchant [
[
[
[
5p＼NF＼N
5p＼NF＼N
5p＼NF＼N
5p＼NF＼N
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
强烈倾

But neither the human imitative instinct nor
a
pe
nchant for fantasy by itself leads to a
n
a
utonomous theater

3
3
3
3 patent
patent
patent
patent [
[
[
[
5peItEnt 5pAtEnt
5peItEnt 5pAtEnt
5peItEnt 5pAtEnt
5peItEnt 5pAtEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
专利权
v

v
v
v
取





专利权
adj
adj
adj
adj
专利




新
奇

Towns and Schawlow published their ideas
i
n
a
s
cientific journal Physical Review
Letter but Gould filed
a
pa
tent application

3
3
3
3 patchiness
patchiness
patchiness
patchiness n
n
n
n
补缀规

Many ecologists now think that the relative longterm stability
o
f
c
limax communitie
s
c
omes not from diversity but from the patchiness
o
f
t
he environment
a
n
e
nvironment
that varies from place to place supports more kinds
o
f
or
ganisms than
a
n
e
nvironment
that is uniform
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
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：
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英语前线
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师
Blog
Blog
Blog
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：
wwwibtsatcom
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
137
137
137
137
L
ist
List
List
List 7
7
7
7
（第七天）
3
3
3
3 plight
plight
plight
plight [
[
[
[
plaIt
plaIt
plaIt
plaIt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
困境誓约

The desperate plight
o
f
t
he South has eclipsed the fact that reconstruction had to be
undertaken also
i
n
t
he North though less spectacularly

3
3
3
3 plaster
plaster
plaster
plaster [
[
[
[
5plBstE
5plBstE
5plBstE
5plBstE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
石膏
v

v
v
v
涂
灰泥

W
alls
w
ere made
o
f
pl
aster or wood sometimes elaborately paneled

3
3
3
3 pits
pits
pits
pits
（
pit[
pit[
pit[
pit[
pIt
pIt
pIt
pIt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
凹处果核
v

v
v
v

成凹

Anasazi houses were originally built
i
n
pi
ts and were entered from the roof

3
3
3
3 pillows
pillows
pillows
pillows
（
pillow[
pillow[
pillow[
pillow[
5pIlEJ
5pIlEJ
5pIlEJ
5pIlEJ
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
枕头
v

v
v
v
垫

t
hey were short because people slept
i
n
a
s
emisitting position with many bolsters or
pillows and wide because each bed often slept three or more

3
3
3
3 pet
pet
pet
pet [
[
[
[
pet
pet
pet
pet
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
宠物

For example one pet crow learned how to let
a
dog out
o
f
i
ts kennel by pulling the pin
o
n
t
he door

3
3
3
3 pests
pests
pests
pests
（
pest[
pest[
pest[
pest[
pest
pest
pest
pest
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
害虫

Colorado beetle
i
n
i
nfesting potatoes for example seems to be correlated with its hig
h
t
olerance to alkaloids that normally repel potential pests

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
3
3
3
3 persisted
persisted
persisted
persisted
（
persist[
persist[
persist[
persist[
pE()5sIst
pE()5sIst
pE()5sIst
pE()5sIst
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
坚
持

As time passed some rituals were abandoned but the stories later called myths
persisted and provided material for art and drama

3
3
3
3 perishables
perishables
perishables
perishables
（
perishable[
perishable[
perishable[
perishable[
5perIFEbl
5perIFEbl
5perIFEbl
5perIFEbl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
易腐坏东西
adj
adj
adj
adj
易腐坏

Railroad refrigerator cars enabled growers and meat packers to ship perishables great
distances and to preserve them for longer periods

3
3
3
3 percussion
percussion
percussion
percussion [
[
[
[
p＼5kQFEn
p＼5kQFEn
p＼5kQFEn
p＼5kQFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
敲敲乐器

Inthe music
o
f
t
he Western world the greatest expansion and experimentation have
involvedpercussion instruments which outnumber strings and winds
i
n
m
any recent
compositions

3
3
3
3 perceived
perceived
perceived
perceived
（
perceive[
perceive[
perceive[
perceive[
pE5siv
pE5siv
pE5siv
pE5siv
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
察
觉

Although art deco
i
n
i
ts many forms was largely perceived as thoroughly modern
i
t
w
as strongly influenced by the decorative arts movements that immediately preceded
it

3
3
3
3 peninsula
peninsula
peninsula
peninsula [
[
[
[
pI5nInsjJlE
pI5nInsjJlE
pI5nInsjJlE
pI5nInsjJlE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
半岛

Its altitude is
a
m
ere couple
o
f
hundr
ed feet but
i
t
i
s high ground
o
n
a
pe
ninsula
elsewhere close to sea level and its drainage is so critical that
a
di
fference
o
f
i
nches
i
n
e
levation can bring major changes
i
n
i
ts plant communities

3
3
3
3 penchant
penchant
penchant
penchant [
[
[
[
5p＼NF＼N
5p＼NF＼N
5p＼NF＼N
5p＼NF＼N
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
强烈倾

But neither the human imitative instinct nor
a
pe
nchant for fantasy by itself leads to a
n
a
utonomous theater

3
3
3
3 patent
patent
patent
patent [
[
[
[
5peItEnt 5pAtEnt
5peItEnt 5pAtEnt
5peItEnt 5pAtEnt
5peItEnt 5pAtEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
专利权
v

v
v
v
取





专利权
adj
adj
adj
adj
专利




新
奇

Towns and Schawlow published their ideas
i
n
a
s
cientific journal Physical Review
Letter but Gould filed
a
pa
tent application

3
3
3
3 patchiness
patchiness
patchiness
patchiness n
n
n
n
补缀规

Many ecologists now think that the relative longterm stability
o
f
c
limax communitie
s
c
omes not from diversity but from the patchiness
o
f
t
he environment
a
n
e
nvironment
that varies from place to place supports more kinds
o
f
or
ganisms than
a
n
e
nvironment
that is uniform
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
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wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
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英语前线
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师
Blog
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
138
138
138
138
3
3
3
3 p
asture
pasture
pasture
pasture [
[
[
[
5pBstFE
5pBstFE
5pBstFE
5pBstFE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
牧场草
v

v
v
v
放
牧

The tolerance
o
f
w
ater loss is
o
f
obv
ious advantage
i
n
t
he desert as animals do not
have to remain near
a
w
ater hole but can obtain food from grazing sparse and farflung
pastures

3
3
3
3 passive
passive
passive
passive [
[
[
[
5pAsIv
5pAsIv
5pAsIv
5pAsIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
消极动

Passive plant defense comprises physical and chemical barriers that prevent entry
o
f
pa
thogens such as bacteria or render tissues unpalatable or toxic to the invader

3
3
3
3 parrots(parrot[
parrots(parrot[
parrots(parrot[
parrots(parrot[
5pArEt
5pArEt
5pArEt
5pArEt
])
])
])
]) n
n
n
n
鹦鹉

In artificial incubation programs aviculturists remove eggs from the nests
o
f
pa
rrots
and incubate them under laboratory conditions

3
3
3
3 parasitic
parasitic
parasitic
parasitic [
[
[
[
7pArE5sItIk
7pArE5sItIk
7pArE5sItIk
7pArE5sItIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
寄生

Other possible chemicaldefenses while not directly toxic to the parasite may inhibit
some essential step
i
n
t
he establishment
o
f
a
pa
rasitic relationship

3
3
3
3 parades
parades
parades
parades
（
parade[
parade[
parade[
parade[
pE5reId
pE5reId
pE5reId
pE5reId
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
游行阅兵炫耀
v

v
v
v
游
行

Some follow each other
i
n
s
olemn parades but others swirl about sideways and upside
down

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
3
3
3
3 panic
panic
panic
panic [
[
[
[
5pAnIk
5pAnIk
5pAnIk
5pAnIk
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
恐慌
v

v
v
v

恐慌

The labor movement gathered some momentum
i
n
t
he decade before the Panic
o
f
1837 but
i
n
t
he depression that followed labor＇s strength collapsed

3
3
3
3 oversaw
oversaw
oversaw
oversaw
（
oversee[
oversee[
oversee[
oversee[
5EJvE5si
5EJvE5si
5EJvE5si
5EJvE5si
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
监
督

Often working with no staff at all these editors wrote copy set type delivered papers
oversaw billing andsold advertising

3
3
3
3 overlapping
overlapping
overlapping
overlapping
（
overlap[
overlap[
overlap[
overlap[
5EJvE5lAp
5EJvE5lAp
5EJvE5lAp
5EJvE5lAp
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
重
叠




重复

However there are many variations combinations with photographic techniques and
considerable overlapping

3
3
3
3 orderly
orderly
orderly
orderly [
[
[
[
5CdElI
5CdElI
5CdElI
5CdElI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
秩序

As
a
c
onsequence historian David Donald has written Social atomization affected
every segment
o
f
s
ociety and
i
t
s
eemed to many people that all the recognized values
o
f
or
derly civilization were gradually being eroded

3
3
3
3 optical
optical
optical
optical [
[
[
[
5DptIkEl
5DptIkEl
5DptIkEl
5DptIkEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
光学视觉

It is lightweight impermeable to liquids readily cleaned and reused durable yet
fragile and often very beautiful Glass can be decorated
i
n
m
ultiple ways and its optical
properties are exceptional

3
3
3
3 onward
onward
onward
onward [
[
[
[
5DnwEd
5DnwEd
5DnwEd
5DnwEd
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
前
adv
adv
adv
adv
前

They became
a
n
i
ntegral part
o
f
t
he gardens
o
f
t
he Ottoman Empirefrom the sixteenth
century onward and soon after part
o
f
E
uropean life as well

3
3
3
3 offspring
offspring
offspring
offspring [
[
[
[
5DfsprIN (@) 5Cf
5DfsprIN (@) 5Cf
5DfsprIN (@) 5Cf
5DfsprIN (@) 5Cf
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
子孙代

But not
a
ll
a
nimal parents even those that tend their offspring to the point
o
f
ha
tching
or birth feed their young

3
3
3
3 notable
notable
notable
notable [
[
[
[
5nEJtEbl
5nEJtEbl
5nEJtEbl
5nEJtEbl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
著名士
adj
adj
adj
adj
值注意显著

Loose organization and local autonomy fostered
a
c
ultural Line fusion between native
and settler cultures that proved one
o
f
t
he most notable—and least
understood—developments
o
f
e
arly NorthAmerican history

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Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
3
3
3
3 nomadic
nomadic
nomadic
nomadic [
[
[
[
nEJ5mAdIk
nEJ5mAdIk
nEJ5mAdIk
nEJ5mAdIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
游牧

The shared needs and pressures that encourage extendedfamily ties are less prominent
i
n
s
ettled than
i
n
nom
adic societies

3
3
3
3 nodules
nodules
nodules
nodules
（
nodule
nodule
nodule
nodule
）
n
n
n
n
肿瘤

The HMS Challenger expedition provided valuable information about the seabed老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
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：
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老
师
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留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
138
138
138
138
3
3
3
3 p
asture
pasture
pasture
pasture [
[
[
[
5pBstFE
5pBstFE
5pBstFE
5pBstFE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
牧场草
v

v
v
v
放
牧

The tolerance
o
f
w
ater loss is
o
f
obv
ious advantage
i
n
t
he desert as animals do not
have to remain near
a
w
ater hole but can obtain food from grazing sparse and farflung
pastures

3
3
3
3 passive
passive
passive
passive [
[
[
[
5pAsIv
5pAsIv
5pAsIv
5pAsIv
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
消极动

Passive plant defense comprises physical and chemical barriers that prevent entry
o
f
pa
thogens such as bacteria or render tissues unpalatable or toxic to the invader

3
3
3
3 parrots(parrot[
parrots(parrot[
parrots(parrot[
parrots(parrot[
5pArEt
5pArEt
5pArEt
5pArEt
])
])
])
]) n
n
n
n
鹦鹉

In artificial incubation programs aviculturists remove eggs from the nests
o
f
pa
rrots
and incubate them under laboratory conditions

3
3
3
3 parasitic
parasitic
parasitic
parasitic [
[
[
[
7pArE5sItIk
7pArE5sItIk
7pArE5sItIk
7pArE5sItIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
寄生

Other possible chemicaldefenses while not directly toxic to the parasite may inhibit
some essential step
i
n
t
he establishment
o
f
a
pa
rasitic relationship

3
3
3
3 parades
parades
parades
parades
（
parade[
parade[
parade[
parade[
pE5reId
pE5reId
pE5reId
pE5reId
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
游行阅兵炫耀
v

v
v
v
游
行

Some follow each other
i
n
s
olemn parades but others swirl about sideways and upside
down

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：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
3
3
3
3 panic
panic
panic
panic [
[
[
[
5pAnIk
5pAnIk
5pAnIk
5pAnIk
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
恐慌
v

v
v
v

恐慌

The labor movement gathered some momentum
i
n
t
he decade before the Panic
o
f
1837 but
i
n
t
he depression that followed labor＇s strength collapsed

3
3
3
3 oversaw
oversaw
oversaw
oversaw
（
oversee[
oversee[
oversee[
oversee[
5EJvE5si
5EJvE5si
5EJvE5si
5EJvE5si
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
监
督

Often working with no staff at all these editors wrote copy set type delivered papers
oversaw billing andsold advertising

3
3
3
3 overlapping
overlapping
overlapping
overlapping
（
overlap[
overlap[
overlap[
overlap[
5EJvE5lAp
5EJvE5lAp
5EJvE5lAp
5EJvE5lAp
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
重
叠




重复

However there are many variations combinations with photographic techniques and
considerable overlapping

3
3
3
3 orderly
orderly
orderly
orderly [
[
[
[
5CdElI
5CdElI
5CdElI
5CdElI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
秩序

As
a
c
onsequence historian David Donald has written Social atomization affected
every segment
o
f
s
ociety and
i
t
s
eemed to many people that all the recognized values
o
f
or
derly civilization were gradually being eroded

3
3
3
3 optical
optical
optical
optical [
[
[
[
5DptIkEl
5DptIkEl
5DptIkEl
5DptIkEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
光学视觉

It is lightweight impermeable to liquids readily cleaned and reused durable yet
fragile and often very beautiful Glass can be decorated
i
n
m
ultiple ways and its optical
properties are exceptional

3
3
3
3 onward
onward
onward
onward [
[
[
[
5DnwEd
5DnwEd
5DnwEd
5DnwEd
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
前
adv
adv
adv
adv
前

They became
a
n
i
ntegral part
o
f
t
he gardens
o
f
t
he Ottoman Empirefrom the sixteenth
century onward and soon after part
o
f
E
uropean life as well

3
3
3
3 offspring
offspring
offspring
offspring [
[
[
[
5DfsprIN (@) 5Cf
5DfsprIN (@) 5Cf
5DfsprIN (@) 5Cf
5DfsprIN (@) 5Cf
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
子孙代

But not
a
ll
a
nimal parents even those that tend their offspring to the point
o
f
ha
tching
or birth feed their young

3
3
3
3 notable
notable
notable
notable [
[
[
[
5nEJtEbl
5nEJtEbl
5nEJtEbl
5nEJtEbl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
著名士
adj
adj
adj
adj
值注意显著

Loose organization and local autonomy fostered
a
c
ultural Line fusion between native
and settler cultures that proved one
o
f
t
he most notable—and least
understood—developments
o
f
e
arly NorthAmerican history

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
3
3
3
3 nomadic
nomadic
nomadic
nomadic [
[
[
[
nEJ5mAdIk
nEJ5mAdIk
nEJ5mAdIk
nEJ5mAdIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
游牧

The shared needs and pressures that encourage extendedfamily ties are less prominent
i
n
s
ettled than
i
n
nom
adic societies

3
3
3
3 nodules
nodules
nodules
nodules
（
nodule
nodule
nodule
nodule
）
n
n
n
n
肿瘤

The HMS Challenger expedition provided valuable information about the seabed老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
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留学
英语前线
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师
Blog
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Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
139
139
139
139
i
ncluding the discovery
o
f
m
anganese nodules that are now being seen as
a
pot
entially
valuable source
o
f
m
inerals

3
3
3
3 nitric
nitric
nitric
nitric adj
adj
adj
adj
氮

Large quantities
o
f
ni
tric acid were produced

3
3
3
3 needle
needle
needle
needle [
[
[
[
5nidl
5nidl
5nidl
5nidl
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
刺
激针穿刺针缝缝纫
n
n
n
n
针

Many supersonic aircraft have
a
s
imilar needle at the nose

3
3
3
3 nectar
nectar
nectar
nectar [
[
[
[
5nektE
5nektE
5nektE
5nektE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
甘露

Honeybees communicate the sources
o
f
ne
ctar to one another by doing
a
da
nce
i
n
a
f
igureeight pattern

3
3
3
3 necessity
necessity
necessity
necessity [
[
[
[
nI5sesItI
nI5sesItI
nI5sesItI
nI5sesItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
需必需品

In discussing the Pacific Railroad bill the chair
o
f
t
he congressional committee bluntly
stated that without government subsidy no one would undertake so unpromising
a
v
enture yet
i
t
w
as
a
na
tional necessity to link East and
W
est
t
ogether

3
3
3
3 narrative
narrative
narrative
narrative [
[
[
[
5nArEtIv
5nArEtIv
5nArEtIv
5nArEtIv
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
叙述
adj
adj
adj
adj
叙述
3
3
3
3 narrator
narrator
narrator
narrator
[
[
[
[
nA5reItE
nA5reItE
nA5reItE
nA5reItE
]
]
]
]
n
n
n
n
讲述者

One Lascaux narrative picture which shows
a
m
an with
a
bi
rdlike head and
a
w
ounded
animal would seem to lend credence to this third opinion but there is still much that
remains unexplained

3
3
3
3 myriad
myriad
myriad
myriad [
[
[
[
5mIrIEd
5mIrIEd
5mIrIEd
5mIrIEd
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
数

A
s
eries
o
f
m
echanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century
including the introduction
o
f
pe
dals to sustain tone or to soften it the perfection
o
f
a
m
etal frame and steel wire
o
f
t
he finest quality finally produced an instrument capable
o
f
m
yriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to
a
n
a
lmost orchestral fullness
o
f
s
ound from
a
l
iquid singing tone to
a
s
harp percussive brilliance

3
3
3
3 mussel
mussel
mussel
mussel [
[
[
[
5mQsl
5mQsl
5mQsl
5mQsl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
蚌类

Many animals like the otter who uses
a
s
tone to crack mussel shells are capable
o
f
us
ing objects
i
n
t
he natural environment as rudimentary tools

3
3
3
3 morphology
morphology
morphology
morphology n
n
n
n
形态学

Moreover for any species the study
o
f
t
heembryological development
o
f
t
he nervous
system is indispensable for
a
n
unde
rstandingof adult morphology

3
3
3
3 morally
morally
morally
morally [
[
[
[
5mDrElI
5mDrElI
5mDrElI
5mDrElI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
道德

Satires are read because they are aesthetically satisfying works
o
f
a
rt not because they
are morally wholesome or ethically instructive

3
3
3
3 monopolies(monopoly[
monopolies(monopoly[
monopolies(monopoly[
monopolies(monopoly[
mE5nDpElI
mE5nDpElI
mE5nDpElI
mE5nDpElI
])
])
])
]) n
n
n
n
垄断

Democrats attracted farmers isolated from the market or uncomfortable with it
workers alienated from the emerging industrial system and rising entrepreneurs who
wanted to break monopolies and open the economy to newcomers like themselves

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
3
3
3
3 momentum
momentum
momentum
momentum [
[
[
[
mEJ5mentEm
mEJ5mentEm
mEJ5mentEm
mEJ5mentEm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
力量劲头努力

The labor movement gathered some momentum
i
n
t
he decade before the Panic
o
f
1837 but
i
n
t
he depression that followed labor＇s strength collapsed

3
3
3
3 modeled
modeled
modeled
modeled
（
model[
model[
model[
model[
5mDdl
5mDdl
5mDdl
5mDdl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
模型模范
v

v
v
v
模
仿

Kinetoscope parlors for viewing films were modeled
o
n
phonogr
aph parlors

3
3
3
3 minimal
minimal
minimal
minimal [
[
[
[
5mInImEl
5mInImEl
5mInImEl
5mInImEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj


Estimates indicate that the aquifer contains enough water to fill Lake Huron but
unfortunately under the semiarid climatic conditions that presently exist
i
n
t
he region
rates
o
f
a
ddition to the aquifer are minimal amounting to about half
a
c
entimeter
a
y
ear

3
3
3
3 midair
midair
midair
midair n
n
n
n
半空中确定老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
139
139
139
139
i
ncluding the discovery
o
f
m
anganese nodules that are now being seen as
a
pot
entially
valuable source
o
f
m
inerals

3
3
3
3 nitric
nitric
nitric
nitric adj
adj
adj
adj
氮

Large quantities
o
f
ni
tric acid were produced

3
3
3
3 needle
needle
needle
needle [
[
[
[
5nidl
5nidl
5nidl
5nidl
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
刺
激针穿刺针缝缝纫
n
n
n
n
针

Many supersonic aircraft have
a
s
imilar needle at the nose

3
3
3
3 nectar
nectar
nectar
nectar [
[
[
[
5nektE
5nektE
5nektE
5nektE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
甘露

Honeybees communicate the sources
o
f
ne
ctar to one another by doing
a
da
nce
i
n
a
f
igureeight pattern

3
3
3
3 necessity
necessity
necessity
necessity [
[
[
[
nI5sesItI
nI5sesItI
nI5sesItI
nI5sesItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
需必需品

In discussing the Pacific Railroad bill the chair
o
f
t
he congressional committee bluntly
stated that without government subsidy no one would undertake so unpromising
a
v
enture yet
i
t
w
as
a
na
tional necessity to link East and
W
est
t
ogether

3
3
3
3 narrative
narrative
narrative
narrative [
[
[
[
5nArEtIv
5nArEtIv
5nArEtIv
5nArEtIv
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
叙述
adj
adj
adj
adj
叙述
3
3
3
3 narrator
narrator
narrator
narrator
[
[
[
[
nA5reItE
nA5reItE
nA5reItE
nA5reItE
]
]
]
]
n
n
n
n
讲述者

One Lascaux narrative picture which shows
a
m
an with
a
bi
rdlike head and
a
w
ounded
animal would seem to lend credence to this third opinion but there is still much that
remains unexplained

3
3
3
3 myriad
myriad
myriad
myriad [
[
[
[
5mIrIEd
5mIrIEd
5mIrIEd
5mIrIEd
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
数

A
s
eries
o
f
m
echanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century
including the introduction
o
f
pe
dals to sustain tone or to soften it the perfection
o
f
a
m
etal frame and steel wire
o
f
t
he finest quality finally produced an instrument capable
o
f
m
yriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to
a
n
a
lmost orchestral fullness
o
f
s
ound from
a
l
iquid singing tone to
a
s
harp percussive brilliance

3
3
3
3 mussel
mussel
mussel
mussel [
[
[
[
5mQsl
5mQsl
5mQsl
5mQsl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
蚌类

Many animals like the otter who uses
a
s
tone to crack mussel shells are capable
o
f
us
ing objects
i
n
t
he natural environment as rudimentary tools

3
3
3
3 morphology
morphology
morphology
morphology n
n
n
n
形态学

Moreover for any species the study
o
f
t
heembryological development
o
f
t
he nervous
system is indispensable for
a
n
unde
rstandingof adult morphology

3
3
3
3 morally
morally
morally
morally [
[
[
[
5mDrElI
5mDrElI
5mDrElI
5mDrElI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
道德

Satires are read because they are aesthetically satisfying works
o
f
a
rt not because they
are morally wholesome or ethically instructive

3
3
3
3 monopolies(monopoly[
monopolies(monopoly[
monopolies(monopoly[
monopolies(monopoly[
mE5nDpElI
mE5nDpElI
mE5nDpElI
mE5nDpElI
])
])
])
]) n
n
n
n
垄断

Democrats attracted farmers isolated from the market or uncomfortable with it
workers alienated from the emerging industrial system and rising entrepreneurs who
wanted to break monopolies and open the economy to newcomers like themselves

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
3
3
3
3 momentum
momentum
momentum
momentum [
[
[
[
mEJ5mentEm
mEJ5mentEm
mEJ5mentEm
mEJ5mentEm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
力量劲头努力

The labor movement gathered some momentum
i
n
t
he decade before the Panic
o
f
1837 but
i
n
t
he depression that followed labor＇s strength collapsed

3
3
3
3 modeled
modeled
modeled
modeled
（
model[
model[
model[
model[
5mDdl
5mDdl
5mDdl
5mDdl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
模型模范
v

v
v
v
模
仿

Kinetoscope parlors for viewing films were modeled
o
n
phonogr
aph parlors

3
3
3
3 minimal
minimal
minimal
minimal [
[
[
[
5mInImEl
5mInImEl
5mInImEl
5mInImEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj


Estimates indicate that the aquifer contains enough water to fill Lake Huron but
unfortunately under the semiarid climatic conditions that presently exist
i
n
t
he region
rates
o
f
a
ddition to the aquifer are minimal amounting to about half
a
c
entimeter
a
y
ear

3
3
3
3 midair
midair
midair
midair n
n
n
n
半空中确定老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
140
140
140
140

T
he ability
o
f
f
alling cats to right themselves
i
n
m
idair and land
o
n
t
heir feet has been
a
s
ource
o
f
w
onder for ages

3
3
3
3 mice
mice
mice
mice mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse n
n
n
n
老鼠 复数

Smaller species including such rodents as mice and small squirrels are not as
prevalent overall
i
n
hi
gh tropical canopies as they are
i
n
m
ost habitats globally

3
3
3
3 meticulously
meticulously
meticulously
meticulously
[
[
[
[
mI5tIkjJlEslI
mI5tIkjJlEslI
mI5tIkjJlEslI
mI5tIkjJlEslI
]
]
]
]
adv
adv
adv
adv
极注意

The successive layering
o
f
t
hese meticulously applied paints produced the final
translucent colors

3
3
3
3 methane
methane
methane
methane [
[
[
[
5meWeIn
5meWeIn
5meWeIn
5meWeIn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
沼气

Jupiter and the other giant planets are
o
f
a
l
owdensity type quite distinct from the
terrestrial planets they are composed predominantly
o
f
s
uch substances as hydrogen
helium ammonia and methane unlike terrestrial planets

3
3
3
3 meteorologists
meteorologists
meteorologists
meteorologists
（
meteorologist[
meteorologist[
meteorologist[
meteorologist[
7mitjE5rDlEdVIst
7mitjE5rDlEdVIst
7mitjE5rDlEdVIst
7mitjE5rDlEdVIst
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
气象学者

As meteorologists have begun using these new technologies
i
n
w
eather forecasting
offices Nowcasting is becoming
a
r
eality

3
3
3
3 memorable
memorable
memorable
memorable [
[
[
[
5memErEbl
5memErEbl
5memErEbl
5memErEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
值纪念

T
o
e
nhance their listener
’
s
e
njoyment storytellers continually make their stores more
engaging and memorable

3
3
3
3 melody
melody
melody
melody [
[
[
[
5melEdI
5melEdI
5melEdI
5melEdI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
曲调

Unlike string and wind instrument the piano is completely selfsufficient as
i
t
i
s able
to play both the melody and its accompanying harmony at the same time

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
3
3
3
3 megawatts
megawatts
megawatts
megawatts
（
megawatt
megawatt
megawatt
megawatt
）
n
n
n
n
百万瓦特

In 1994 there were nearly 20000 wind turbines worldwide most grouped
i
n
c
lusters
called wind farms that collectively produced 3000 megawatts
o
f
e
lectricity

3
3
3
3 mediterranean
mediterranean
mediterranean
mediterranean [
[
[
[
7medItE5reInjEn
7medItE5reInjEn
7medItE5reInjEn
7medItE5reInjEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
中海
adj
adj
adj
adj
中海

Mediterranean area chiefly for underground drains but
i
t
w
as the Romans who first
developed and used the arch extensively
i
n
a
boveground structures

3
3
3
3 mediocre
mediocre
mediocre
mediocre [
[
[
[
7midI5EJkE 5midIEJkE
7midI5EJkE 5midIEJkE
7midI5EJkE 5midIEJkE
7midI5EJkE 5midIEJkE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
中等

The mediocre design
o
f
m
any contemporary buildings can be traced to clients and
architects

3
3
3
3 medieval
medieval
medieval
medieval [
[
[
[
7medI5ivEl
7medI5ivEl
7medI5ivEl
7medI5ivEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
中世纪

Designers
o
f
t
he railroad stations
o
f
t
he new age explored the potential
o
f
i
ron
covering huge areas with spans that surpassed the great vauits
o
f
m
edieval churches and
cathedrals

3
3
3
3 manure
manure
manure
manure [
[
[
[
mE5njJE
mE5njJE
mE5njJE
mE5njJE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
肥料

Rotating
a

green manure crop such as clover which is plowed under after the end
o
f
t
he growing season would renew only nitrogen
i
n
t
he soil not trace elements

3
3
3
3 manuals
manuals
manuals
manuals
（
manual[
manual[
manual[
manual[
5mAnjJEl
5mAnjJEl
5mAnjJEl
5mAnjJEl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
手册
adj
adj
adj
adj
手工

Since architecture was not yet
a
s
pecialized profession
i
n
t
he colonies the design
o
f
bui
ldings was left either to amateur designers or to carpenters who undertook to
interpret architectural manuals imported from England

3
3
3
3 magnitude
magnitude
magnitude
magnitude [
[
[
[
5mA^nItjud
5mA^nItjud
5mA^nItjud
5mA^nItjud
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
光度

Reviewers have admired her enormous energy but find
a
pr
oductivity
o
f
s
uch
magnitude difficult to assess

3
3
3
3 magnify
magnify
magnify
magnify [
[
[
[
5mA^nIfaI
5mA^nIfaI
5mA^nIfaI
5mA^nIfaI
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
放


Rapid industrialization and increased geographic mobility
i
n
t
he nineteenth century
had special implications for women because these tended to magnify social
distinctions
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
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Blog
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：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
140
140
140
140

T
he ability
o
f
f
alling cats to right themselves
i
n
m
idair and land
o
n
t
heir feet has been
a
s
ource
o
f
w
onder for ages

3
3
3
3 mice
mice
mice
mice mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse n
n
n
n
老鼠 复数

Smaller species including such rodents as mice and small squirrels are not as
prevalent overall
i
n
hi
gh tropical canopies as they are
i
n
m
ost habitats globally

3
3
3
3 meticulously
meticulously
meticulously
meticulously
[
[
[
[
mI5tIkjJlEslI
mI5tIkjJlEslI
mI5tIkjJlEslI
mI5tIkjJlEslI
]
]
]
]
adv
adv
adv
adv
极注意

The successive layering
o
f
t
hese meticulously applied paints produced the final
translucent colors

3
3
3
3 methane
methane
methane
methane [
[
[
[
5meWeIn
5meWeIn
5meWeIn
5meWeIn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
沼气

Jupiter and the other giant planets are
o
f
a
l
owdensity type quite distinct from the
terrestrial planets they are composed predominantly
o
f
s
uch substances as hydrogen
helium ammonia and methane unlike terrestrial planets

3
3
3
3 meteorologists
meteorologists
meteorologists
meteorologists
（
meteorologist[
meteorologist[
meteorologist[
meteorologist[
7mitjE5rDlEdVIst
7mitjE5rDlEdVIst
7mitjE5rDlEdVIst
7mitjE5rDlEdVIst
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
气象学者

As meteorologists have begun using these new technologies
i
n
w
eather forecasting
offices Nowcasting is becoming
a
r
eality

3
3
3
3 memorable
memorable
memorable
memorable [
[
[
[
5memErEbl
5memErEbl
5memErEbl
5memErEbl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
值纪念

T
o
e
nhance their listener
’
s
e
njoyment storytellers continually make their stores more
engaging and memorable

3
3
3
3 melody
melody
melody
melody [
[
[
[
5melEdI
5melEdI
5melEdI
5melEdI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
曲调

Unlike string and wind instrument the piano is completely selfsufficient as
i
t
i
s able
to play both the melody and its accompanying harmony at the same time

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
3
3
3
3 megawatts
megawatts
megawatts
megawatts
（
megawatt
megawatt
megawatt
megawatt
）
n
n
n
n
百万瓦特

In 1994 there were nearly 20000 wind turbines worldwide most grouped
i
n
c
lusters
called wind farms that collectively produced 3000 megawatts
o
f
e
lectricity

3
3
3
3 mediterranean
mediterranean
mediterranean
mediterranean [
[
[
[
7medItE5reInjEn
7medItE5reInjEn
7medItE5reInjEn
7medItE5reInjEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
中海
adj
adj
adj
adj
中海

Mediterranean area chiefly for underground drains but
i
t
w
as the Romans who first
developed and used the arch extensively
i
n
a
boveground structures

3
3
3
3 mediocre
mediocre
mediocre
mediocre [
[
[
[
7midI5EJkE 5midIEJkE
7midI5EJkE 5midIEJkE
7midI5EJkE 5midIEJkE
7midI5EJkE 5midIEJkE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
中等

The mediocre design
o
f
m
any contemporary buildings can be traced to clients and
architects

3
3
3
3 medieval
medieval
medieval
medieval [
[
[
[
7medI5ivEl
7medI5ivEl
7medI5ivEl
7medI5ivEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
中世纪

Designers
o
f
t
he railroad stations
o
f
t
he new age explored the potential
o
f
i
ron
covering huge areas with spans that surpassed the great vauits
o
f
m
edieval churches and
cathedrals

3
3
3
3 manure
manure
manure
manure [
[
[
[
mE5njJE
mE5njJE
mE5njJE
mE5njJE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
肥料

Rotating
a

green manure crop such as clover which is plowed under after the end
o
f
t
he growing season would renew only nitrogen
i
n
t
he soil not trace elements

3
3
3
3 manuals
manuals
manuals
manuals
（
manual[
manual[
manual[
manual[
5mAnjJEl
5mAnjJEl
5mAnjJEl
5mAnjJEl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
手册
adj
adj
adj
adj
手工

Since architecture was not yet
a
s
pecialized profession
i
n
t
he colonies the design
o
f
bui
ldings was left either to amateur designers or to carpenters who undertook to
interpret architectural manuals imported from England

3
3
3
3 magnitude
magnitude
magnitude
magnitude [
[
[
[
5mA^nItjud
5mA^nItjud
5mA^nItjud
5mA^nItjud
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
光度

Reviewers have admired her enormous energy but find
a
pr
oductivity
o
f
s
uch
magnitude difficult to assess

3
3
3
3 magnify
magnify
magnify
magnify [
[
[
[
5mA^nIfaI
5mA^nIfaI
5mA^nIfaI
5mA^nIfaI
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
放


Rapid industrialization and increased geographic mobility
i
n
t
he nineteenth century
had special implications for women because these tended to magnify social
distinctions
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
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：
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
141
141
141
141
3
3
3
3 l
ure
lure
lure
lure [
[
[
[
ljJE
ljJE
ljJE
ljJE
]
]
]
] v
v
v
v



引诱
n
n
n
n
魅力诱饵

T
o
l
ure their pollinators from afar orchids use appropriately intriguing shapes colors
and scents

3
3
3
3 longevity
longevity
longevity
longevity [
[
[
[
lDn5dVevItI
lDn5dVevItI
lDn5dVevItI
lDn5dVevItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
长寿

The tannins are part
o
f
t
he defense mechanism that is essential to longevity

3
3
3
3 logical
logical
logical
logical [
[
[
[
5lDdVIkEl
5lDdVIkEl
5lDdVIkEl
5lDdVIkEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
逻辑合理

None
o
f
t
he other sentences preceding squares is
a
que
stion so the inserted sentence
cannot logically follow any one
o
f
t
hem

3
3
3
3 lizards
lizards
lizards
lizards
（
lizard[
lizard[
lizard[
lizard[
5lIzEd
5lIzEd
5lIzEd
5lIzEd
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
蜥蜴

These were the pterosaurs literally the winged lizards

3
3
3
3 linguistic
linguistic
linguistic
linguistic [
[
[
[
lIN5^wIstIk
lIN5^wIstIk
lIN5^wIstIk
lIN5^wIstIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
语言语言学

Contrary to the conclusions
o
f
T
hor Heyerdahl＇s KonTiki expedition
o
f
1946 t
he
evidence
o
f
pl
ant dispersal archaeology linguistics and genetics now shows quite
conclusively that the Pacific Islands were not populated from tile east by South
American
s
w
ho drifted
o
n
ba
lsawood rafts and the prevailing wind and current but
from the west by groups from mainland Asia who gradually spread from island to
island out into the Pacific

3
3
3
3 linear
linear
linear
linear [
[
[
[
5lInIE
5lInIE
5lInIE
5lInIE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
直线

The widespread and usually uncritical acceptance
o
f
t
his thesis led
i
n
t
urn to
theassumption that the application
o
f
s
cience to industrial purposes was
a
l
inear process
starting with fundamental science then proceeding to applied science or technology
and through them to industrial use

3
3
3
3 liberty
liberty
liberty
liberty [
[
[
[
5lIbEtI
5lIbEtI
5lIbEtI
5lIbEtI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n


They were focused
o
n
i
ssues
o
f
publ
ic liberty

3
3
3
3 landforms
landforms
landforms
landforms
（
landform[
landform[
landform[
landform[
5lAndfCm
5lAndfCm
5lAndfCm
5lAndfCm
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
形

There are two principal influences that shape the terrain constructive processes such
as uplift which create new landscape features and destructive forces such as erosion
which gradually wear away exposed landforms

3
3
3
3 kivas
kivas
kivas
kivas n
n
n
n
穴
(
(
(
(
美国西部印第安村落中房屋




作宗教典礼集会室卧
室
)
)
)
)

Besides living quarters each pueblo included one or more kivascircular underground
chambers faced with stone

3
3
3
3 kinetic
kinetic
kinetic
kinetic [
[
[
[
kaI5netIk
kaI5netIk
kaI5netIk
kaI5netIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
运动

A
good e
xample
o
f
t
his is found
i
n
t
he kinetic molecular theory
i
n
w
hich gases are
pictured as being made up
o
f
m
any small particles that are
i
n
c
onstant motion

3
3
3
3 keen
keen
keen
keen [
[
[
[
kin
kin
kin
kin
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
恸
哭




哀号
adj
adj
adj
adj
热衷锋利敏锐

During the nineteenth century however certain feminists showed
a
ke
en sense
o
f
hi
story by keeping records
o
f
a
ctivities
i
n
w
hich women were engaged National
regionaland local women
’
s
or
ganizations compiled accounts
o
f
t
heir doings

3
3
3
3 isotopes
isotopes
isotopes
isotopes
（
isotope[
isotope[
isotope[
isotope[
5aIsEJtEJp
5aIsEJtEJp
5aIsEJtEJp
5aIsEJtEJp
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
位素

Instruments were used to measure the ratio
o
f
c
ertain isotopes
i
n
t
he frozen water to
get
a
n
i
dea
o
f
t
he prevailing atmospheric temperature at the time when that particular bit
o
f
w
ater became locked
i
n
t
he glacier

老师
Blog
：
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留学英语前线
3
3
3
3 iridium
iridium
iridium
iridium n
n
n
n
白金

An iridiumenriched sediment layer and
a
l
arge impact crater
i
n
t
he
Y
ucat
pr
ovide
evidence that
a
l
arge meteorite struck Earth about 65 million years ago

3
3
3
3 intoxication
intoxication
intoxication
intoxication [
[
[
[
In7tDksI5keIFEn
In7tDksI5keIFEn
In7tDksI5keIFEn
In7tDksI5keIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
兴奋醉

A
v
ery dehydrated person
o
n
t
he other hand cannot drink enough water to rehydrate老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
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wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
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英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
141
141
141
141
3
3
3
3 l
ure
lure
lure
lure [
[
[
[
ljJE
ljJE
ljJE
ljJE
]
]
]
] v
v
v
v



引诱
n
n
n
n
魅力诱饵

T
o
l
ure their pollinators from afar orchids use appropriately intriguing shapes colors
and scents

3
3
3
3 longevity
longevity
longevity
longevity [
[
[
[
lDn5dVevItI
lDn5dVevItI
lDn5dVevItI
lDn5dVevItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
长寿

The tannins are part
o
f
t
he defense mechanism that is essential to longevity

3
3
3
3 logical
logical
logical
logical [
[
[
[
5lDdVIkEl
5lDdVIkEl
5lDdVIkEl
5lDdVIkEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
逻辑合理

None
o
f
t
he other sentences preceding squares is
a
que
stion so the inserted sentence
cannot logically follow any one
o
f
t
hem

3
3
3
3 lizards
lizards
lizards
lizards
（
lizard[
lizard[
lizard[
lizard[
5lIzEd
5lIzEd
5lIzEd
5lIzEd
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
蜥蜴

These were the pterosaurs literally the winged lizards

3
3
3
3 linguistic
linguistic
linguistic
linguistic [
[
[
[
lIN5^wIstIk
lIN5^wIstIk
lIN5^wIstIk
lIN5^wIstIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
语言语言学

Contrary to the conclusions
o
f
T
hor Heyerdahl＇s KonTiki expedition
o
f
1946 t
he
evidence
o
f
pl
ant dispersal archaeology linguistics and genetics now shows quite
conclusively that the Pacific Islands were not populated from tile east by South
American
s
w
ho drifted
o
n
ba
lsawood rafts and the prevailing wind and current but
from the west by groups from mainland Asia who gradually spread from island to
island out into the Pacific

3
3
3
3 linear
linear
linear
linear [
[
[
[
5lInIE
5lInIE
5lInIE
5lInIE
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
直线

The widespread and usually uncritical acceptance
o
f
t
his thesis led
i
n
t
urn to
theassumption that the application
o
f
s
cience to industrial purposes was
a
l
inear process
starting with fundamental science then proceeding to applied science or technology
and through them to industrial use

3
3
3
3 liberty
liberty
liberty
liberty [
[
[
[
5lIbEtI
5lIbEtI
5lIbEtI
5lIbEtI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n


They were focused
o
n
i
ssues
o
f
publ
ic liberty

3
3
3
3 landforms
landforms
landforms
landforms
（
landform[
landform[
landform[
landform[
5lAndfCm
5lAndfCm
5lAndfCm
5lAndfCm
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
形

There are two principal influences that shape the terrain constructive processes such
as uplift which create new landscape features and destructive forces such as erosion
which gradually wear away exposed landforms

3
3
3
3 kivas
kivas
kivas
kivas n
n
n
n
穴
(
(
(
(
美国西部印第安村落中房屋




作宗教典礼集会室卧
室
)
)
)
)

Besides living quarters each pueblo included one or more kivascircular underground
chambers faced with stone

3
3
3
3 kinetic
kinetic
kinetic
kinetic [
[
[
[
kaI5netIk
kaI5netIk
kaI5netIk
kaI5netIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
运动

A
good e
xample
o
f
t
his is found
i
n
t
he kinetic molecular theory
i
n
w
hich gases are
pictured as being made up
o
f
m
any small particles that are
i
n
c
onstant motion

3
3
3
3 keen
keen
keen
keen [
[
[
[
kin
kin
kin
kin
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
恸
哭




哀号
adj
adj
adj
adj
热衷锋利敏锐

During the nineteenth century however certain feminists showed
a
ke
en sense
o
f
hi
story by keeping records
o
f
a
ctivities
i
n
w
hich women were engaged National
regionaland local women
’
s
or
ganizations compiled accounts
o
f
t
heir doings

3
3
3
3 isotopes
isotopes
isotopes
isotopes
（
isotope[
isotope[
isotope[
isotope[
5aIsEJtEJp
5aIsEJtEJp
5aIsEJtEJp
5aIsEJtEJp
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
位素

Instruments were used to measure the ratio
o
f
c
ertain isotopes
i
n
t
he frozen water to
get
a
n
i
dea
o
f
t
he prevailing atmospheric temperature at the time when that particular bit
o
f
w
ater became locked
i
n
t
he glacier

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Blog
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3
3
3
3 iridium
iridium
iridium
iridium n
n
n
n
白金

An iridiumenriched sediment layer and
a
l
arge impact crater
i
n
t
he
Y
ucat
pr
ovide
evidence that
a
l
arge meteorite struck Earth about 65 million years ago

3
3
3
3 intoxication
intoxication
intoxication
intoxication [
[
[
[
In7tDksI5keIFEn
In7tDksI5keIFEn
In7tDksI5keIFEn
In7tDksI5keIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
兴奋醉

A
v
ery dehydrated person
o
n
t
he other hand cannot drink enough water to rehydrate老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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师
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
142
142
142
142
a
t one session because the human stomach is not sufficiently big and because
a
t
oo
rapid dilution
o
f
t
he body fluids causes death from water intoxication

3
3
3
3 intimate
intimate
intimate
intimate [
[
[
[
5IntImIt
5IntImIt
5IntImIt
5IntImIt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
秘密私

Beads were probably the first durable ornaments humans possessed and the intimate
relationship they had with their owners is reflected
i
n
t
he fact that beads are among the
most common items found
i
n
a
ncient archaeological sites

3
3
3
3 interrupt
interrupt
interrupt
interrupt [
[
[
[
7IntE5rQpt
7IntE5rQpt
7IntE5rQpt
7IntE5rQpt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v

断妨碍

When the American Revolution (17751783) interrupted the flow
o
f
t
he superior
European ware there was incentive for American potters to replace the imports with
comparable domestic goods

3
3
3
3 intellectuals
intellectuals
intellectuals
intellectuals
（
intellectual[
intellectual[
intellectual[
intellectual[
7IntI5lektjJEl
7IntI5lektjJEl
7IntI5lektjJEl
7IntI5lektjJEl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
知识分子
adj
adj
adj
adj
智力

Artists and intellectuals from many parts
o
f
t
he United States and the Caribbean had
Been attracted to Harlem by the pulse and beat
o
f
i
ts unique and dynamic culture

3
3
3
3 integrity
integrity
integrity
integrity [
[
[
[
In5te^rItI
In5te^rItI
In5te^rItI
In5te^rItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
正直完整

Victorians agreed that art was
a
n
e
ssential moral ingredient
i
n
t
he home environment
and
i
n
m
any middle and workingclass homes craft was the only form
o
f
a
rt Ruskin
and his followers criticized not only the degradation
o
f
a
rtisans reduced to machine
operators but also the impending loss
o
f
da
ily contact with handcrafted objects
fashioned with pride integrity and attention to beauty

3
3
3
3 instantly
instantly
instantly
instantly [
[
[
[
5InstEntlI
5InstEntlI
5InstEntlI
5InstEntlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
立

It is held there by the force
o
f
s
urface tension without which water would drain
instantly from any wet surface leaving
i
t
t
otally dry

3
3
3
3 inspection
inspection
inspection
inspection [
[
[
[
In5spekFEn
In5spekFEn
In5spekFEn
In5spekFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
检查

In the early nineteenth century state governments also engaged
i
n
a
s
urprisingly large
amount
o
f
di
rect regulatory activity including extensive licensing and inspection
programs

3
3
3
3 injured
injured
injured
injured
（
injure[
injure[
injure[
injure[
5IndVE
5IndVE
5IndVE
5IndVE
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
伤
害

The photographer thought the cat might be injured

3
3
3
3 injecting
injecting
injecting
injecting
（
inject[
inject[
inject[
inject[
In5dVekt
In5dVekt
In5dVekt
In5dVekt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
注
射

Somewhat more promising have been recent experiments for releasing capillary water
(water
i
n
t
he soil)above the water table by injecting compressed are into the ground

3
3
3
3 inherited
inherited
inherited
inherited
（
inherit[
inherit[
inherit[
inherit[
In5herIt
In5herIt
In5herIt
In5herIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
继
承

The sculptural legacy that the new United States inherited from its colonial
predecessors was far from
a
r
ich one and
i
n
f
act
i
n
1776 s
culpture as
a
n
a
rt form was
still
i
n
t
he hands
o
f
a
rtisans and craftspeople

3
3
3
3 ingredient
ingredient
ingredient
ingredient [
[
[
[
In5^ridIEnt
In5^ridIEnt
In5^ridIEnt
In5^ridIEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
成分素

It was first made from
a
m
ixture
o
f
s
ilica line and
a
n
a
lkali such as soda or potash and
these remained the basic ingredients
o
f
gl
ass until the development
o
f
l
ead glass
i
n
t
he
seventeenth century

3
3
3
3 influx
influx
influx
influx [
[
[
[
5InflQks
5InflQks
5InflQks
5InflQks
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
流入河口

Matching the influx
o
f
f
oreign immigrants into the larger cities
o
f
t
he United
Statesduring the late nineteenth century was
a
dom
estic migration from town and farm
tocity within the United States

3
3
3
3 indefinite
indefinite
indefinite
indefinite [
[
[
[
In5defInIt
In5defInIt
In5defInIt
In5defInIt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
模糊确定

Wild life zoologist Hulmut Buechner(1953)
i
n
r
eviewing the nature
o
f
bi
otic changes
i
n
W
ashington through recorded time says that since the early 1940s the state has had
more deer than at any other time
i
n
i
ts history the winter population fluctuating around
approximately 320000 deer (mule and blacktailed deer) which will yield about
65000
o
f
e
ither sex and any age annually for
a
n
i
ndefinite period
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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：
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
142
142
142
142
a
t one session because the human stomach is not sufficiently big and because
a
t
oo
rapid dilution
o
f
t
he body fluids causes death from water intoxication

3
3
3
3 intimate
intimate
intimate
intimate [
[
[
[
5IntImIt
5IntImIt
5IntImIt
5IntImIt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
秘密私

Beads were probably the first durable ornaments humans possessed and the intimate
relationship they had with their owners is reflected
i
n
t
he fact that beads are among the
most common items found
i
n
a
ncient archaeological sites

3
3
3
3 interrupt
interrupt
interrupt
interrupt [
[
[
[
7IntE5rQpt
7IntE5rQpt
7IntE5rQpt
7IntE5rQpt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v

断妨碍

When the American Revolution (17751783) interrupted the flow
o
f
t
he superior
European ware there was incentive for American potters to replace the imports with
comparable domestic goods

3
3
3
3 intellectuals
intellectuals
intellectuals
intellectuals
（
intellectual[
intellectual[
intellectual[
intellectual[
7IntI5lektjJEl
7IntI5lektjJEl
7IntI5lektjJEl
7IntI5lektjJEl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
知识分子
adj
adj
adj
adj
智力

Artists and intellectuals from many parts
o
f
t
he United States and the Caribbean had
Been attracted to Harlem by the pulse and beat
o
f
i
ts unique and dynamic culture

3
3
3
3 integrity
integrity
integrity
integrity [
[
[
[
In5te^rItI
In5te^rItI
In5te^rItI
In5te^rItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
正直完整

Victorians agreed that art was
a
n
e
ssential moral ingredient
i
n
t
he home environment
and
i
n
m
any middle and workingclass homes craft was the only form
o
f
a
rt Ruskin
and his followers criticized not only the degradation
o
f
a
rtisans reduced to machine
operators but also the impending loss
o
f
da
ily contact with handcrafted objects
fashioned with pride integrity and attention to beauty

3
3
3
3 instantly
instantly
instantly
instantly [
[
[
[
5InstEntlI
5InstEntlI
5InstEntlI
5InstEntlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
立

It is held there by the force
o
f
s
urface tension without which water would drain
instantly from any wet surface leaving
i
t
t
otally dry

3
3
3
3 inspection
inspection
inspection
inspection [
[
[
[
In5spekFEn
In5spekFEn
In5spekFEn
In5spekFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
检查

In the early nineteenth century state governments also engaged
i
n
a
s
urprisingly large
amount
o
f
di
rect regulatory activity including extensive licensing and inspection
programs

3
3
3
3 injured
injured
injured
injured
（
injure[
injure[
injure[
injure[
5IndVE
5IndVE
5IndVE
5IndVE
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
伤
害

The photographer thought the cat might be injured

3
3
3
3 injecting
injecting
injecting
injecting
（
inject[
inject[
inject[
inject[
In5dVekt
In5dVekt
In5dVekt
In5dVekt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
注
射

Somewhat more promising have been recent experiments for releasing capillary water
(water
i
n
t
he soil)above the water table by injecting compressed are into the ground

3
3
3
3 inherited
inherited
inherited
inherited
（
inherit[
inherit[
inherit[
inherit[
In5herIt
In5herIt
In5herIt
In5herIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
继
承

The sculptural legacy that the new United States inherited from its colonial
predecessors was far from
a
r
ich one and
i
n
f
act
i
n
1776 s
culpture as
a
n
a
rt form was
still
i
n
t
he hands
o
f
a
rtisans and craftspeople

3
3
3
3 ingredient
ingredient
ingredient
ingredient [
[
[
[
In5^ridIEnt
In5^ridIEnt
In5^ridIEnt
In5^ridIEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
成分素

It was first made from
a
m
ixture
o
f
s
ilica line and
a
n
a
lkali such as soda or potash and
these remained the basic ingredients
o
f
gl
ass until the development
o
f
l
ead glass
i
n
t
he
seventeenth century

3
3
3
3 influx
influx
influx
influx [
[
[
[
5InflQks
5InflQks
5InflQks
5InflQks
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
流入河口

Matching the influx
o
f
f
oreign immigrants into the larger cities
o
f
t
he United
Statesduring the late nineteenth century was
a
dom
estic migration from town and farm
tocity within the United States

3
3
3
3 indefinite
indefinite
indefinite
indefinite [
[
[
[
In5defInIt
In5defInIt
In5defInIt
In5defInIt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
模糊确定

Wild life zoologist Hulmut Buechner(1953)
i
n
r
eviewing the nature
o
f
bi
otic changes
i
n
W
ashington through recorded time says that since the early 1940s the state has had
more deer than at any other time
i
n
i
ts history the winter population fluctuating around
approximately 320000 deer (mule and blacktailed deer) which will yield about
65000
o
f
e
ither sex and any age annually for
a
n
i
ndefinite period
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
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：
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英语前线
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：
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
143
143
143
143
3
3
3
3 i
nconspicuous
inconspicuous
inconspicuous
inconspicuous [
[
[
[
7InkEn5spIkjJEs
7InkEn5spIkjJEs
7InkEn5spIkjJEs
7InkEn5spIkjJEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
显眼
3
3
3
3 conspicuous
conspicuous
conspicuous
conspicuous [
[
[
[
kEn5spIkjJEs
kEn5spIkjJEs
kEn5spIkjJEs
kEn5spIkjJEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
显著

The most graphic proof that the grand spectacle
o
f
a
c
omet develops from
a
r
elatively
small and inconspicuous chunk
o
f
i
ce and dust was the closeup image obtained
i
n
1986
by
the European Giotto probe
o
f
t
he nucleus
o
f
H
alley＇s Comet

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留学英语前线
3
3
3
3 impersonation
impersonation
impersonation
impersonation n
n
n
n
扮演模仿

According to this view tales (about the hunt war or other feats) are gradually
elaborated at first through the use
o
f
i
mpersonation action and dialogue by
a
na
rrator
and then through the assumption
o
f
e
ach
o
f
t
he roles by
a
di
fferent person

3
3
3
3 identical
identical
identical
identical [
[
[
[
aI5dentIkEl
aI5dentIkEl
aI5dentIkEl
aI5dentIkEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
完全相

On the other hand
i
f
t
he same magma flows onto the surface and is quickly cooled by
the atmosphere the resulting rock will be finegrained and appear quite different from
granite although the chemical composition will be identical

3
3
3
3 huddling
huddling
huddling
huddling
（
huddle[
huddle[
huddle[
huddle[
5hQdl
5hQdl
5hQdl
5hQdl
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
挤
作团推挤

Two kinglets huddling together were found to reduce their heat losses by
a
qua
rter and
three together saved
a
t
hird
o
f
t
heir heat

3
3
3
3 hormones
hormones
hormones
hormones
（
hormone[
hormone[
hormone[
hormone[
5hCmEJn
5hCmEJn
5hCmEJn
5hCmEJn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
荷尔蒙

Pheromones which are sometimes calledLine social hormones affect
a
gr
oup
o
f
i
ndividuals somewhat like hormones do
a
n
i
ndividual animal

3
3
3
3 homogeneous
homogeneous
homogeneous
homogeneous [
[
[
[
7hDmEJ5dVinjEs
7hDmEJ5dVinjEs
7hDmEJ5dVinjEs
7hDmEJ5dVinjEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
种

The homogeneous mass thus formed by melting then cools to create glass but
i
n
c
ontrast to most materials formed
i
n
t
his way (metals for instance) glass lacks the
crystalline structure normally associated with solids and instead retains the random
molecular structure
o
f
a
l
iquid

3
3
3
3 homemaking
homemaking
homemaking
homemaking [
[
[
[
5hEJm9meIkIN
5hEJm9meIkIN
5hEJm9meIkIN
5hEJm9meIkIN
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
家政

In preindustrial economieshomemaking had meant the production as well as the
consumption
o
f
goods
and
i
t
c
ommonly included incomeproducing activities both
inside and outside the homein the highly industrialized earlytwentiethcentury United
States howeveroverproduction rather than scarcity was becoming
a
pr
oblem

3
3
3
3 hieroglyphic
hieroglyphic
hieroglyphic
hieroglyphic [
[
[
[
7haIErE5^lIfIk
7haIErE5^lIfIk
7haIErE5^lIfIk
7haIErE5^lIfIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
象形文字

The Rosetta stone thwarted scholars＇ efforts for several decades until the early
nineteenth century when several key hieroglyphic phrases were decoded using the
Greek inscriptions

3
3
3
3 hay
hay
hay
hay [
[
[
[
heI
heI
heI
heI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
干草

It grew well with enough rain then when cut and stored
i
t
w
ould cure and become
nourishing hay for winter feed But
i
n
t
he dry grazing lands
o
f
t
he
W
est
t
hat familiar
bluejoint grass was often killed by drought

3
3
3
3 haul
haul
haul
haul [
[
[
[
hCl
hCl
hCl
hCl
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
拖
拉

Farm women had to haul largequantities
o
f
w
ater into the house from wells or pumps
for every purpose

3
3
3
3 hampered
hampered
hampered
hampered
（
hamper[
hamper[
hamper[
hamper[
5hAmpE
5hAmpE
5hAmpE
5hAmpE
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
妨
碍
n
n
n
n
障碍物

Horsedrawn coaches were neither
a
c
ompetitive nor
a
c
omfortable alternative given
the deplorable slate
o
f
t
he nation＇s highways and though bicycles were popular
i
n
bot
h
town and country they too were hampered by poor road surfaces

3
3
3
3 greenish
greenish
greenish
greenish [
[
[
[
`^rinIF
`^rinIF
`^rinIF
`^rinIF
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
呈绿色

The dominant greenish white light comes from low energy excitation
o
f
ox
ygen
atoms

3
3
3
3 grandiose
grandiose
grandiose
grandiose [
[
[
[
5^rAndIEJs
5^rAndIEJs
5^rAndIEJs
5^rAndIEJs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
宏伟

In the face
o
f
t
he upcoming water supply crisis
a
num
ber
o
f
gr
andiose schemes have
been developed to transport vast quantities
o
f
w
ater by canal or pipeline from the老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
143
143
143
143
3
3
3
3 i
nconspicuous
inconspicuous
inconspicuous
inconspicuous [
[
[
[
7InkEn5spIkjJEs
7InkEn5spIkjJEs
7InkEn5spIkjJEs
7InkEn5spIkjJEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
显眼
3
3
3
3 conspicuous
conspicuous
conspicuous
conspicuous [
[
[
[
kEn5spIkjJEs
kEn5spIkjJEs
kEn5spIkjJEs
kEn5spIkjJEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
显著

The most graphic proof that the grand spectacle
o
f
a
c
omet develops from
a
r
elatively
small and inconspicuous chunk
o
f
i
ce and dust was the closeup image obtained
i
n
1986
by
the European Giotto probe
o
f
t
he nucleus
o
f
H
alley＇s Comet

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留学英语前线
3
3
3
3 impersonation
impersonation
impersonation
impersonation n
n
n
n
扮演模仿

According to this view tales (about the hunt war or other feats) are gradually
elaborated at first through the use
o
f
i
mpersonation action and dialogue by
a
na
rrator
and then through the assumption
o
f
e
ach
o
f
t
he roles by
a
di
fferent person

3
3
3
3 identical
identical
identical
identical [
[
[
[
aI5dentIkEl
aI5dentIkEl
aI5dentIkEl
aI5dentIkEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
完全相

On the other hand
i
f
t
he same magma flows onto the surface and is quickly cooled by
the atmosphere the resulting rock will be finegrained and appear quite different from
granite although the chemical composition will be identical

3
3
3
3 huddling
huddling
huddling
huddling
（
huddle[
huddle[
huddle[
huddle[
5hQdl
5hQdl
5hQdl
5hQdl
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
挤
作团推挤

Two kinglets huddling together were found to reduce their heat losses by
a
qua
rter and
three together saved
a
t
hird
o
f
t
heir heat

3
3
3
3 hormones
hormones
hormones
hormones
（
hormone[
hormone[
hormone[
hormone[
5hCmEJn
5hCmEJn
5hCmEJn
5hCmEJn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
荷尔蒙

Pheromones which are sometimes calledLine social hormones affect
a
gr
oup
o
f
i
ndividuals somewhat like hormones do
a
n
i
ndividual animal

3
3
3
3 homogeneous
homogeneous
homogeneous
homogeneous [
[
[
[
7hDmEJ5dVinjEs
7hDmEJ5dVinjEs
7hDmEJ5dVinjEs
7hDmEJ5dVinjEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
种

The homogeneous mass thus formed by melting then cools to create glass but
i
n
c
ontrast to most materials formed
i
n
t
his way (metals for instance) glass lacks the
crystalline structure normally associated with solids and instead retains the random
molecular structure
o
f
a
l
iquid

3
3
3
3 homemaking
homemaking
homemaking
homemaking [
[
[
[
5hEJm9meIkIN
5hEJm9meIkIN
5hEJm9meIkIN
5hEJm9meIkIN
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
家政

In preindustrial economieshomemaking had meant the production as well as the
consumption
o
f
goods
and
i
t
c
ommonly included incomeproducing activities both
inside and outside the homein the highly industrialized earlytwentiethcentury United
States howeveroverproduction rather than scarcity was becoming
a
pr
oblem

3
3
3
3 hieroglyphic
hieroglyphic
hieroglyphic
hieroglyphic [
[
[
[
7haIErE5^lIfIk
7haIErE5^lIfIk
7haIErE5^lIfIk
7haIErE5^lIfIk
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
象形文字

The Rosetta stone thwarted scholars＇ efforts for several decades until the early
nineteenth century when several key hieroglyphic phrases were decoded using the
Greek inscriptions

3
3
3
3 hay
hay
hay
hay [
[
[
[
heI
heI
heI
heI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
干草

It grew well with enough rain then when cut and stored
i
t
w
ould cure and become
nourishing hay for winter feed But
i
n
t
he dry grazing lands
o
f
t
he
W
est
t
hat familiar
bluejoint grass was often killed by drought

3
3
3
3 haul
haul
haul
haul [
[
[
[
hCl
hCl
hCl
hCl
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
拖
拉

Farm women had to haul largequantities
o
f
w
ater into the house from wells or pumps
for every purpose

3
3
3
3 hampered
hampered
hampered
hampered
（
hamper[
hamper[
hamper[
hamper[
5hAmpE
5hAmpE
5hAmpE
5hAmpE
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
妨
碍
n
n
n
n
障碍物

Horsedrawn coaches were neither
a
c
ompetitive nor
a
c
omfortable alternative given
the deplorable slate
o
f
t
he nation＇s highways and though bicycles were popular
i
n
bot
h
town and country they too were hampered by poor road surfaces

3
3
3
3 greenish
greenish
greenish
greenish [
[
[
[
`^rinIF
`^rinIF
`^rinIF
`^rinIF
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
呈绿色

The dominant greenish white light comes from low energy excitation
o
f
ox
ygen
atoms

3
3
3
3 grandiose
grandiose
grandiose
grandiose [
[
[
[
5^rAndIEJs
5^rAndIEJs
5^rAndIEJs
5^rAndIEJs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
宏伟

In the face
o
f
t
he upcoming water supply crisis
a
num
ber
o
f
gr
andiose schemes have
been developed to transport vast quantities
o
f
w
ater by canal or pipeline from the老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
144
144
144
144
M
ississippi the Missouri or the Arkansas rivers

3
3
3
3 gradient
gradient
gradient
gradient [
[
[
[
5^reIdIEnt
5^reIdIEnt
5^reIdIEnt
5^reIdIEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
倾斜度

Nest construction can contribute to this temperature gradient Nests
o
f
l
oosely arranged
sticks rocks or dirt are cooler
i
n
t
emperature at the bottom where the egg contacts the
nesting material

3
3
3
3 goose
goose
goose
goose [
[
[
[
^us
^us
^us
^us
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
鹅

I
f
t
he mother goose is not present during this time but
a
n
ob
ject resembling her
i
n
i
mportant features is young goslings may imprint
o
n it
i
nstead

3
3
3
3 glands
glands
glands
glands
（
gland[
gland[
gland[
gland[
^lAnd
^lAnd
^lAnd
^lAnd
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
腺

The modulation
o
f
c
hemical signals occurs via the elaboration
o
f
t
he number
o
f
e
xocrine glands that produce pheromones

3
3
3
3 girders
girders
girders
girders
（
girder[
girder[
girder[
girder[
5^＼dE
5^＼dE
5^＼dE
5^＼dE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
梁

One example is the Bessemer converter (an industrial process for manufacturing
steel) which provided steel girders for the construction
o
f
s
kyscrapers

3
3
3
3 gibbon
gibbon
gibbon
gibbon [
[
[
[
5^IbEn
5^IbEn
5^IbEn
5^IbEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
长臂猿

A
m
acaque or gibbon can hurl itself farther than
a
m
ouse can
i
t
c
an achievea running
start and
i
t
c
an more effectively use
a
br
anch as
a
s
pringboard even bouncingon
a
c
limb several times before jumping

3
3
3
3 genuine
genuine
genuine
genuine [
[
[
[
5dVenjJIn
5dVenjJIn
5dVenjJIn
5dVenjJIn
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
真正

These writers who can genuinely be said to have created
a
ge
nre the railroad novel
are now mostly forgotten their names having faded from memory

3
3
3
3 generous
generous
generous
generous [
[
[
[
5dVenErEs
5dVenErEs
5dVenErEs
5dVenErEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
雅量

Although President Abraham Lincolnsigned the original Pacific Railroad bill
i
n
1862
a
nd
a
r
evised financially much moregenerous version
i
n
1864

3
3
3
3 ge
nder
gender
gender
gender [
[
[
[
5dVendE
5dVendE
5dVendE
5dVendE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
性

Such
a
ge
nder division
o
f
l
abor was much like that practiced by Scandinavian settlers

3
3
3
3 f
rowned
frowned
frowned
frowned
（
frown[
frown[
frown[
frown[
fraJn
fraJn
fraJn
fraJn
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
皱
眉赞成
n
n
n
n
皱眉悦色

Fulfillment
i
n
l
ifeas opposed to concern about
a
n
a
fterlife became
a
de
sirable goal
and expressing the entire range
o
f
hum
an emotions and enjoying the pleasures
o
f
t
he
senses were no longer frowned on

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Blog
：
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留学英语前线
3
3
3
3 friendliness
friendliness
friendliness
friendliness n
n
n
n
善

Smiling is apparently
a
uni
versal sign
o
f
f
riendliness and approval

3
3
3
3 friction
friction
friction
friction [
[
[
[
5frIkFEn
5frIkFEn
5frIkFEn
5frIkFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
摩擦

The forward movement
o
f
a
s
mall animal isseriously reduced by the air friction against
the relatively large surface area
o
f
i
ts body

3
3
3
3 freeze
freeze
freeze
freeze [
[
[
[
friz
friz
friz
friz
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
冻
结

Unlike metals that flow or freeze at specific temperatures glass progressively softens
as the temperature rises going through varying stages
o
f
m
alleability until
i
t
f
lows like
a
t
hick syrup

3
3
3
3 fracture
fracture
fracture
fracture [
[
[
[
5frAktFE
5frAktFE
5frAktFE
5frAktFE
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v

折断骨折
n
n
n
n
骨折

Fracture or wear patterns
o
n
t
ools also indicate that
a
m
ajority
o
f
a
ncient people were
righthanded

3
3
3
3 fraction
fraction
fraction
fraction [
[
[
[
5frAkFEn
5frAkFEn
5frAkFEn
5frAkFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
部分破片

Only
a
s
mall fraction
o
f all
t
he organisms that have ever lived are preserved as
fossils

3
3
3
3 founders
founders
founders
founders
（
founder[
founder[
founder[
founder[
5faJndE
5faJndE
5faJndE
5faJndE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
奠基者

The agricultural potential
o
f
t
he area was enormous
i
f
w
ater for irrigation could be老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
144
144
144
144
M
ississippi the Missouri or the Arkansas rivers

3
3
3
3 gradient
gradient
gradient
gradient [
[
[
[
5^reIdIEnt
5^reIdIEnt
5^reIdIEnt
5^reIdIEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
倾斜度

Nest construction can contribute to this temperature gradient Nests
o
f
l
oosely arranged
sticks rocks or dirt are cooler
i
n
t
emperature at the bottom where the egg contacts the
nesting material

3
3
3
3 goose
goose
goose
goose [
[
[
[
^us
^us
^us
^us
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
鹅

I
f
t
he mother goose is not present during this time but
a
n
ob
ject resembling her
i
n
i
mportant features is young goslings may imprint
o
n it
i
nstead

3
3
3
3 glands
glands
glands
glands
（
gland[
gland[
gland[
gland[
^lAnd
^lAnd
^lAnd
^lAnd
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
腺

The modulation
o
f
c
hemical signals occurs via the elaboration
o
f
t
he number
o
f
e
xocrine glands that produce pheromones

3
3
3
3 girders
girders
girders
girders
（
girder[
girder[
girder[
girder[
5^＼dE
5^＼dE
5^＼dE
5^＼dE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
梁

One example is the Bessemer converter (an industrial process for manufacturing
steel) which provided steel girders for the construction
o
f
s
kyscrapers

3
3
3
3 gibbon
gibbon
gibbon
gibbon [
[
[
[
5^IbEn
5^IbEn
5^IbEn
5^IbEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
长臂猿

A
m
acaque or gibbon can hurl itself farther than
a
m
ouse can
i
t
c
an achievea running
start and
i
t
c
an more effectively use
a
br
anch as
a
s
pringboard even bouncingon
a
c
limb several times before jumping

3
3
3
3 genuine
genuine
genuine
genuine [
[
[
[
5dVenjJIn
5dVenjJIn
5dVenjJIn
5dVenjJIn
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
真正

These writers who can genuinely be said to have created
a
ge
nre the railroad novel
are now mostly forgotten their names having faded from memory

3
3
3
3 generous
generous
generous
generous [
[
[
[
5dVenErEs
5dVenErEs
5dVenErEs
5dVenErEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
雅量

Although President Abraham Lincolnsigned the original Pacific Railroad bill
i
n
1862
a
nd
a
r
evised financially much moregenerous version
i
n
1864

3
3
3
3 ge
nder
gender
gender
gender [
[
[
[
5dVendE
5dVendE
5dVendE
5dVendE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
性

Such
a
ge
nder division
o
f
l
abor was much like that practiced by Scandinavian settlers

3
3
3
3 f
rowned
frowned
frowned
frowned
（
frown[
frown[
frown[
frown[
fraJn
fraJn
fraJn
fraJn
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
皱
眉赞成
n
n
n
n
皱眉悦色

Fulfillment
i
n
l
ifeas opposed to concern about
a
n
a
fterlife became
a
de
sirable goal
and expressing the entire range
o
f
hum
an emotions and enjoying the pleasures
o
f
t
he
senses were no longer frowned on

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
3
3
3
3 friendliness
friendliness
friendliness
friendliness n
n
n
n
善

Smiling is apparently
a
uni
versal sign
o
f
f
riendliness and approval

3
3
3
3 friction
friction
friction
friction [
[
[
[
5frIkFEn
5frIkFEn
5frIkFEn
5frIkFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
摩擦

The forward movement
o
f
a
s
mall animal isseriously reduced by the air friction against
the relatively large surface area
o
f
i
ts body

3
3
3
3 freeze
freeze
freeze
freeze [
[
[
[
friz
friz
friz
friz
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
冻
结

Unlike metals that flow or freeze at specific temperatures glass progressively softens
as the temperature rises going through varying stages
o
f
m
alleability until
i
t
f
lows like
a
t
hick syrup

3
3
3
3 fracture
fracture
fracture
fracture [
[
[
[
5frAktFE
5frAktFE
5frAktFE
5frAktFE
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v

折断骨折
n
n
n
n
骨折

Fracture or wear patterns
o
n
t
ools also indicate that
a
m
ajority
o
f
a
ncient people were
righthanded

3
3
3
3 fraction
fraction
fraction
fraction [
[
[
[
5frAkFEn
5frAkFEn
5frAkFEn
5frAkFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
部分破片

Only
a
s
mall fraction
o
f all
t
he organisms that have ever lived are preserved as
fossils

3
3
3
3 founders
founders
founders
founders
（
founder[
founder[
founder[
founder[
5faJndE
5faJndE
5faJndE
5faJndE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
奠基者

The agricultural potential
o
f
t
he area was enormous
i
f
w
ater for irrigation could be老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
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留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
145
145
145
145
f
ound and the city founders had the vision and dating to obtain
i
t
by c
onstructing
a
225
m
ileaqueduct completed
i
n
1913 t
o tap the water
o
f
t
he Owens River

3
3
3
3 foremost
foremost
foremost
foremost [
[
[
[
5fCmEJst
5fCmEJst
5fCmEJst
5fCmEJst
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
初重

Theodore Dreiser the foremost naturalist writer
i
n
nov
els such as Sister Carrie grimly
portrayed
a
da
rk world
i
n
w
hich human beings were tossed about by forces beyond
theirunderstanding or control

3
3
3
3 forbidden
forbidden
forbidden
forbidden [
[
[
[
fE5bIdn
fE5bIdn
fE5bIdn
fE5bIdn
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
禁止

Some
o
il
l
ies under regions where drilling is forbidden such as national parks or other
public lands

3
3
3
3 foliage
foliage
foliage
foliage [
[
[
[
5fEJlIIdV
5fEJlIIdV
5fEJlIIdV
5fEJlIIdV
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
树叶

For example like art nouveau (18901910) art deco also used plant motifs but
regularized the forms into abstracted repetitive patterns rather than presenting them as
flowing asymmetrical foliage Like the Viennese craftspeople
o
f
t
he Wiener Werkstatte
art deco designers worked with exotic materials geometricized shapes and colorfully
ornate patterns

3
3
3
3 fodder
fodder
fodder
fodder [
[
[
[
5fDdE
5fDdE
5fDdE
5fDdE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
饲料

Even with snow
o
n
t
he ground the high bushy understory is exposed also snow and
wind bring down leafy branches
o
f
c
edar hemlock red alder and other arboreal
fodder

老师
Toefl
词汇红宝书 老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
3
3
3
3 flesh
flesh
flesh
flesh [
[
[
[
fleF
fleF
fleF
fleF
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
肉
v

v
v
v

长肉

Other features however show experts that Pakicetus is
a
t
ransitional form between
a
gr
oup
o
f
e
xtinct flesheating mammals the mesonychids and cetaceans It has been
suggested that Pakicetus fed
o
n
f
ish
i
n
s
hallow water and was not yet adapted for life
i
n
t
he open ocean

3
3
3
3 fleece
fleece
fleece
fleece [
[
[
[
flis
flis
flis
flis
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
羊毛

Much
o
f
t
he selective breeding that led to the fleece types known today took placein
prehistory and even the later developments went largely unchronicled

3
3
3
3 flax
flax
flax
flax [
[
[
[
flAks
flAks
flAks
flAks
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
亚麻

By far the most important United States export product
i
n
t
he eighteenth and
nineteenth centuries was cotton favored by the European textile industry over flax or
wool because
i
t
w
as easy to process and soft to tile touch

3
3
3
3 ferns
ferns
ferns
ferns
（
fern[
fern[
fern[
fern[
f＼n
f＼n
f＼n
f＼n
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
蕨类植物

Certain species such as salmonberry and sword ferns have Line adapted to the limited
sunlight dappling through the canopy but few evergreen trees will survive there still
fewer can compete with the early prodigious growth
o
f
a
lders

3
3
3
3 feat
feat
feat
feat [
[
[
[
fit
fit
fit
fit
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
壮举功绩

The peopling
o
f
t
he Pacific Islands has been described as the greatest feat
o
f
m
aritime
colonization
i
n
hum
an history

3
3
3
3 fatal
fatal
fatal
fatal [
[
[
[
5feItl
5feItl
5feItl
5feItl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
重致命

Another strategy
o
f
l
arge desert animals is to tolerate the loss
o
f
body w
ater to
a
poi
nt
that would be fatal for nonadapted animals

3
3
3
3 fascinating
fascinating
fascinating
fascinating [
[
[
[
5fAsIneItIN
5fAsIneItIN
5fAsIneItIN
5fAsIneItIN
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
迷

What is truly fascinating is that Native Americans quickly learned these construction
techniques and probably did as much as colonists to spread the practice
o
f
l
og
construction across the frontiers
o
f
c
olonial NorthAmerica

3
3
3
3 fare
fare
fare
fare [
[
[
[
feE
feE
feE
feE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
费

No particular date marks the beginning
o
f
t
he American intercity bus industry because
so many individuals were attracted to
i
t
a
t about the same time by the large profits
available to those who could cany farepaying passengers over public highways These
ubiquitous bus pioneers came from
a
ll
w
alks
o
f
l
ife
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
145
145
145
145
f
ound and the city founders had the vision and dating to obtain
i
t
by c
onstructing
a
225
m
ileaqueduct completed
i
n
1913 t
o tap the water
o
f
t
he Owens River

3
3
3
3 foremost
foremost
foremost
foremost [
[
[
[
5fCmEJst
5fCmEJst
5fCmEJst
5fCmEJst
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
初重

Theodore Dreiser the foremost naturalist writer
i
n
nov
els such as Sister Carrie grimly
portrayed
a
da
rk world
i
n
w
hich human beings were tossed about by forces beyond
theirunderstanding or control

3
3
3
3 forbidden
forbidden
forbidden
forbidden [
[
[
[
fE5bIdn
fE5bIdn
fE5bIdn
fE5bIdn
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
禁止

Some
o
il
l
ies under regions where drilling is forbidden such as national parks or other
public lands

3
3
3
3 foliage
foliage
foliage
foliage [
[
[
[
5fEJlIIdV
5fEJlIIdV
5fEJlIIdV
5fEJlIIdV
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
树叶

For example like art nouveau (18901910) art deco also used plant motifs but
regularized the forms into abstracted repetitive patterns rather than presenting them as
flowing asymmetrical foliage Like the Viennese craftspeople
o
f
t
he Wiener Werkstatte
art deco designers worked with exotic materials geometricized shapes and colorfully
ornate patterns

3
3
3
3 fodder
fodder
fodder
fodder [
[
[
[
5fDdE
5fDdE
5fDdE
5fDdE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
饲料

Even with snow
o
n
t
he ground the high bushy understory is exposed also snow and
wind bring down leafy branches
o
f
c
edar hemlock red alder and other arboreal
fodder

老师
Toefl
词汇红宝书 老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
3
3
3
3 flesh
flesh
flesh
flesh [
[
[
[
fleF
fleF
fleF
fleF
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
肉
v

v
v
v

长肉

Other features however show experts that Pakicetus is
a
t
ransitional form between
a
gr
oup
o
f
e
xtinct flesheating mammals the mesonychids and cetaceans It has been
suggested that Pakicetus fed
o
n
f
ish
i
n
s
hallow water and was not yet adapted for life
i
n
t
he open ocean

3
3
3
3 fleece
fleece
fleece
fleece [
[
[
[
flis
flis
flis
flis
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
羊毛

Much
o
f
t
he selective breeding that led to the fleece types known today took placein
prehistory and even the later developments went largely unchronicled

3
3
3
3 flax
flax
flax
flax [
[
[
[
flAks
flAks
flAks
flAks
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
亚麻

By far the most important United States export product
i
n
t
he eighteenth and
nineteenth centuries was cotton favored by the European textile industry over flax or
wool because
i
t
w
as easy to process and soft to tile touch

3
3
3
3 ferns
ferns
ferns
ferns
（
fern[
fern[
fern[
fern[
f＼n
f＼n
f＼n
f＼n
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
蕨类植物

Certain species such as salmonberry and sword ferns have Line adapted to the limited
sunlight dappling through the canopy but few evergreen trees will survive there still
fewer can compete with the early prodigious growth
o
f
a
lders

3
3
3
3 feat
feat
feat
feat [
[
[
[
fit
fit
fit
fit
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
壮举功绩

The peopling
o
f
t
he Pacific Islands has been described as the greatest feat
o
f
m
aritime
colonization
i
n
hum
an history

3
3
3
3 fatal
fatal
fatal
fatal [
[
[
[
5feItl
5feItl
5feItl
5feItl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
重致命

Another strategy
o
f
l
arge desert animals is to tolerate the loss
o
f
body w
ater to
a
poi
nt
that would be fatal for nonadapted animals

3
3
3
3 fascinating
fascinating
fascinating
fascinating [
[
[
[
5fAsIneItIN
5fAsIneItIN
5fAsIneItIN
5fAsIneItIN
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
迷

What is truly fascinating is that Native Americans quickly learned these construction
techniques and probably did as much as colonists to spread the practice
o
f
l
og
construction across the frontiers
o
f
c
olonial NorthAmerica

3
3
3
3 fare
fare
fare
fare [
[
[
[
feE
feE
feE
feE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
费

No particular date marks the beginning
o
f
t
he American intercity bus industry because
so many individuals were attracted to
i
t
a
t about the same time by the large profits
available to those who could cany farepaying passengers over public highways These
ubiquitous bus pioneers came from
a
ll
w
alks
o
f
l
ife
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
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英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
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：
wwwibtsatcom
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
146
146
146
146
3
3
3
3 f
ame
fame
fame
fame [
[
[
[
feIm
feIm
feIm
feIm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
名

Famed for their highelevation forests the Appalachian Mountains sweep southfrom
Quebec to Alabama

3
3
3
3 faded
faded
faded
faded
（
fade[
fade[
fade[
fade[
feId
feId
feId
feId
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
褪
色消失

These writers who can genuinely be said to have created
a
ge
nre the railroad novel
are now mostly forgotten their names having faded from memory

3
3
3
3 exuberant
exuberant
exuberant
exuberant [
[
[
[
I^5zjubErEnt
I^5zjubErEnt
I^5zjubErEnt
I^5zjubErEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
丰富繁茂

Selfimage can be indicated by
a
t
one
o
f
v
oice that is confident pretentious
s
hy
a
ggressive outgoing or exuberant to name only
a
f
ew personality traits

3
3
3
3 extermination
extermination
extermination
extermination n
n
n
n
灭绝

The deer which once picturesquely dotted the meadows around the fort were gone [in
1832] hunted to extermination
i
n
or
der to protect the crops

3
3
3
3 exempt
exempt
exempt
exempt [
[
[
[
I^5zempt
I^5zempt
I^5zempt
I^5zempt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
豁
免
adj
adj
adj
adj
免

In New
Y
ork
C
ity except for governmentsubsidized construction the only rental units
being built are luxury units which are exempt from controls

3
3
3
3 execution
execution
execution
execution [
[
[
[
7eksI5kjuFEn
7eksI5kjuFEn
7eksI5kjuFEn
7eksI5kjuFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
实行执行

W
ith
t
he turnofthecentury Crafts movement and the discovery
o
f
non
traditional
sources
o
f
i
nspiration such as wooden African figures and masks there arose
a
ne
w
urge for handson personal execution
o
f
a
rt and
a
n
i
nteraction with the medium

3
3
3
3 excitation
excitation
excitation
excitation [
[
[
[
7eksI5teIFEn
7eksI5teIFEn
7eksI5teIFEn
7eksI5teIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
刺激激励

The dominant greenish white light comes from low energy excitation
o
f
ox
ygen
atoms

3
3
3
3 evaluating
evaluating
evaluating
evaluating
（
evaluate[
evaluate[
evaluate[
evaluate[
I5vAljJeIt
I5vAljJeIt
I5vAljJeIt
I5vAljJeIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
评
估

In performing verbal art the performer assumes responsibility for the manner as well
as the content
o
f
t
he performance while the audience assumes the responsibility for
evaluating the performer
’
s
c
ompetence
i
n
bot
h areas

3
3
3
3 ether
ether
ether
ether [
[
[
[
5iWE
5iWE
5iWE
5iWE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
乙醚

After the guncotton was dissolved
i
n
a
m
ixture
o
f
a
lcohol and ether the particles that
i
t
ha
d trapped fell to the bottom
o
f
t
he liquid and were examined
o
n
a
m
icroscope slide

3
3
3
3 estate
estate
estate
estate [
[
[
[
I5steIt
I5steIt
I5steIt
I5steIt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
动产

Real estate subdivision there proceeded much faster than population growth

3
3
3
3 erectus
erectus
erectus
erectus n
n
n
n
直立

Populations
o
f
N
eanderthals such as Homo erectus and Homo habilis seem to have
been predominantly righthanded as we are

3
3
3
3 equatorial
equatorial
equatorial
equatorial [
[
[
[
7ekwE5tCrIEl ik
7ekwE5tCrIEl ik
7ekwE5tCrIEl ik
7ekwE5tCrIEl ik
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
赤道

In the equatorial mountains they tend to be lower than
i
n
m
ountains elsewhere

3
3
3
3 epitome
epitome
epitome
epitome [
[
[
[
I5pItEmI
I5pItEmI
I5pItEmI
I5pItEmI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
象征

Hills and mountains are often regarded as the epitome
o
f
pe
rmanence successfully
resisting the destructive forces
o
f
na
ture but
i
n
f
act they tend to be relatively shortlived
i
n
ge
ological terms

3
3
3
3 episodes
episodes
episodes
episodes
（
episode[
episode[
episode[
episode[
5epIsEJd
5epIsEJd
5epIsEJd
5epIsEJd
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
集插曲

Nor does the hypothesis that infantile amnesia reflects repressionor holding backof
sexually charged episodes explain the phenomenon

3
3
3
3 ensuing
ensuing
ensuing
ensuing adj
adj
adj
adj
接踵

The ensuing rapid expansion
o
f
i
rrigation agriculture especially from the 1950＇s
onward transformed the economy
o
f
t
he region
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
146
146
146
146
3
3
3
3 f
ame
fame
fame
fame [
[
[
[
feIm
feIm
feIm
feIm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
名

Famed for their highelevation forests the Appalachian Mountains sweep southfrom
Quebec to Alabama

3
3
3
3 faded
faded
faded
faded
（
fade[
fade[
fade[
fade[
feId
feId
feId
feId
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
褪
色消失

These writers who can genuinely be said to have created
a
ge
nre the railroad novel
are now mostly forgotten their names having faded from memory

3
3
3
3 exuberant
exuberant
exuberant
exuberant [
[
[
[
I^5zjubErEnt
I^5zjubErEnt
I^5zjubErEnt
I^5zjubErEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
丰富繁茂

Selfimage can be indicated by
a
t
one
o
f
v
oice that is confident pretentious
s
hy
a
ggressive outgoing or exuberant to name only
a
f
ew personality traits

3
3
3
3 extermination
extermination
extermination
extermination n
n
n
n
灭绝

The deer which once picturesquely dotted the meadows around the fort were gone [in
1832] hunted to extermination
i
n
or
der to protect the crops

3
3
3
3 exempt
exempt
exempt
exempt [
[
[
[
I^5zempt
I^5zempt
I^5zempt
I^5zempt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
豁
免
adj
adj
adj
adj
免

In New
Y
ork
C
ity except for governmentsubsidized construction the only rental units
being built are luxury units which are exempt from controls

3
3
3
3 execution
execution
execution
execution [
[
[
[
7eksI5kjuFEn
7eksI5kjuFEn
7eksI5kjuFEn
7eksI5kjuFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
实行执行

W
ith
t
he turnofthecentury Crafts movement and the discovery
o
f
non
traditional
sources
o
f
i
nspiration such as wooden African figures and masks there arose
a
ne
w
urge for handson personal execution
o
f
a
rt and
a
n
i
nteraction with the medium

3
3
3
3 excitation
excitation
excitation
excitation [
[
[
[
7eksI5teIFEn
7eksI5teIFEn
7eksI5teIFEn
7eksI5teIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
刺激激励

The dominant greenish white light comes from low energy excitation
o
f
ox
ygen
atoms

3
3
3
3 evaluating
evaluating
evaluating
evaluating
（
evaluate[
evaluate[
evaluate[
evaluate[
I5vAljJeIt
I5vAljJeIt
I5vAljJeIt
I5vAljJeIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
评
估

In performing verbal art the performer assumes responsibility for the manner as well
as the content
o
f
t
he performance while the audience assumes the responsibility for
evaluating the performer
’
s
c
ompetence
i
n
bot
h areas

3
3
3
3 ether
ether
ether
ether [
[
[
[
5iWE
5iWE
5iWE
5iWE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
乙醚

After the guncotton was dissolved
i
n
a
m
ixture
o
f
a
lcohol and ether the particles that
i
t
ha
d trapped fell to the bottom
o
f
t
he liquid and were examined
o
n
a
m
icroscope slide

3
3
3
3 estate
estate
estate
estate [
[
[
[
I5steIt
I5steIt
I5steIt
I5steIt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
动产

Real estate subdivision there proceeded much faster than population growth

3
3
3
3 erectus
erectus
erectus
erectus n
n
n
n
直立

Populations
o
f
N
eanderthals such as Homo erectus and Homo habilis seem to have
been predominantly righthanded as we are

3
3
3
3 equatorial
equatorial
equatorial
equatorial [
[
[
[
7ekwE5tCrIEl ik
7ekwE5tCrIEl ik
7ekwE5tCrIEl ik
7ekwE5tCrIEl ik
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
赤道

In the equatorial mountains they tend to be lower than
i
n
m
ountains elsewhere

3
3
3
3 epitome
epitome
epitome
epitome [
[
[
[
I5pItEmI
I5pItEmI
I5pItEmI
I5pItEmI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
象征

Hills and mountains are often regarded as the epitome
o
f
pe
rmanence successfully
resisting the destructive forces
o
f
na
ture but
i
n
f
act they tend to be relatively shortlived
i
n
ge
ological terms

3
3
3
3 episodes
episodes
episodes
episodes
（
episode[
episode[
episode[
episode[
5epIsEJd
5epIsEJd
5epIsEJd
5epIsEJd
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
集插曲

Nor does the hypothesis that infantile amnesia reflects repressionor holding backof
sexually charged episodes explain the phenomenon

3
3
3
3 ensuing
ensuing
ensuing
ensuing adj
adj
adj
adj
接踵

The ensuing rapid expansion
o
f
i
rrigation agriculture especially from the 1950＇s
onward transformed the economy
o
f
t
he region
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
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Blog
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
147
147
147
147
3
3
3
3 e
ndure
endure
endure
endure [
[
[
[
In5djJE
In5djJE
In5djJE
In5djJE
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
忍
耐

Despite being adjacent to the timberline the alpine tundra is
a
n
a
rea where certain
kinds
o
f
l
ow trees can endure high winds and very low temperatures

3
3
3
3 encroached
encroached
encroached
encroached
（
encroach[
encroach[
encroach[
encroach[
In5krEJtF
In5krEJtF
In5krEJtF
In5krEJtF
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
侵
犯蚕食

A
w
orsening
o
f
t
he plight
o
f
de
er was to be expected as settlers encroached
o
n
t
he
land logging burning and clearing eventually replacing
a
w
ilderness landscape with
roads cities towns and factories

3
3
3
3 encased
encased
encased
encased
（
encase[
encase[
encase[
encase[
In5keIs
In5keIs
In5keIs
In5keIs
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
装
入

A
w
orsening
o
f
t
he plight
o
f
de
er was to be expected as settlers encroached
o
n
t
he
land logging burning and clearing eventually replacing
a
w
ilderness landscape with
roads cities towns and factories

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
3
3
3
3 embedded
embedded
embedded
embedded
（
embed[
embed[
embed[
embed[
Im5bed
Im5bed
Im5bed
Im5bed
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

嵌入

Whenmeteorites fall
o
n
t
he continent) they are embedded
i
n
t
he moving ice sheets

3
3
3
3 elongated
elongated
elongated
elongated
（
elongate[
elongate[
elongate[
elongate[
5ilDN^eIt
5ilDN^eIt
5ilDN^eIt
5ilDN^eIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
拉
长延长

Wherever men appear they are crudely drawn and their bodies are elongated and
rigid

3
3
3
3 elegant
elegant
elegant
elegant [
[
[
[
5elI^Ent
5elI^Ent
5elI^Ent
5elI^Ent
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
雅致

The glass objects
o
f
t
his style were elegant
i
n
ou
tline although often deliberately
distorted with pale or iridescent surfaces

3
3
3
3 efficiently
efficiently
efficiently
efficiently [
[
[
[
I5fIFEntlI
I5fIFEntlI
I5fIFEntlI
I5fIFEntlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
高效效
3
3
3
3 efficiency
efficiency
efficiency
efficiency [
[
[
[
I5fIFEnsI
I5fIFEnsI
I5fIFEnsI
I5fIFEnsI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
效率

The government postal service lost volume to private competition and was not able to
handle efficiently even the business
i
t
ha
d

3
3
3
3 edition
edition
edition
edition [
[
[
[
I5dIFEn
I5dIFEn
I5dIFEn
I5dIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
版

Pamphlets and chapbooks did not require fine paper or
a
gr
eat deal
o
f
t
ype to produce
they could thus be printed
i
n
l
arge costeffective editions and sold cheaply

3
3
3
3 earthenware
earthenware
earthenware
earthenware [
[
[
[
5＼WEnweE
5＼WEnweE
5＼WEnweE
5＼WEnweE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
陶器

The name
o
f
t
he ware was probably derived from its resemblance to English brown
glazed earthenware made
i
n
S
outh Yorkshire

3
3
3
3 dwarfed
dwarfed
dwarfed
dwarfed
（
dwarf[
dwarf[
dwarf[
dwarf[
dwCf
dwCf
dwCf
dwCf
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

矮阻碍




生长
n
n
n
n
矮子

It can be dwarfed by nature＇s output
o
f
pol
lutants
i
n
t
he localized region

3
3
3
3 durability
durability
durability
durability [
[
[
[
7djJErE5bIlItI
7djJErE5bIlItI
7djJErE5bIlItI
7djJErE5bIlItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
耐久性

Since surface finishes provided
a
pl
easing appearance and also improved the
durability

3
3
3
3 dormancy
dormancy
dormancy
dormancy n
n
n
n
休眠状态

What keeps the blacktailed deer
a
l
ived
i
n
t
he harsher seasons
o
f
pl
ant decoy and
dormancy

3
3
3
3 dolphins
dolphins
dolphins
dolphins
（
dolphin[
dolphin[
dolphin[
dolphin[
5dDlfIn
5dDlfIn
5dDlfIn
5dDlfIn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
海豚

This passage discusses fossils that help to explain the likely origins
o
f
c
etaceanswhales porpoises and dolphins

3
3
3
3 disguise
disguise
disguise
disguise [
[
[
[
dIs5^aIz
dIs5^aIz
dIs5^aIz
dIs5^aIz
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
假
装隐瞒

Their streamlined bodies the absence
o
f
hi
nd legs and the presence
o
f
a
f
luke and
blowhole cannot disguise their affinities with landdwelling mammals

3
3
3
3 discrete
discrete
discrete
discrete [
[
[
[
dIs5krit
dIs5krit
dIs5krit
dIs5krit
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
连续

By such ingenious adaptations to specific pollinators orchids have avoided the
hazards
o
f
r
ampant crossbreeding
i
n
t
he wild assuring the survival
o
f
s
pecies as discrete
identities
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
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Blog
Blog
：
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师
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：
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
147
147
147
147
3
3
3
3 e
ndure
endure
endure
endure [
[
[
[
In5djJE
In5djJE
In5djJE
In5djJE
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
忍
耐

Despite being adjacent to the timberline the alpine tundra is
a
n
a
rea where certain
kinds
o
f
l
ow trees can endure high winds and very low temperatures

3
3
3
3 encroached
encroached
encroached
encroached
（
encroach[
encroach[
encroach[
encroach[
In5krEJtF
In5krEJtF
In5krEJtF
In5krEJtF
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
侵
犯蚕食

A
w
orsening
o
f
t
he plight
o
f
de
er was to be expected as settlers encroached
o
n
t
he
land logging burning and clearing eventually replacing
a
w
ilderness landscape with
roads cities towns and factories

3
3
3
3 encased
encased
encased
encased
（
encase[
encase[
encase[
encase[
In5keIs
In5keIs
In5keIs
In5keIs
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
装
入

A
w
orsening
o
f
t
he plight
o
f
de
er was to be expected as settlers encroached
o
n
t
he
land logging burning and clearing eventually replacing
a
w
ilderness landscape with
roads cities towns and factories

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
3
3
3
3 embedded
embedded
embedded
embedded
（
embed[
embed[
embed[
embed[
Im5bed
Im5bed
Im5bed
Im5bed
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

嵌入

Whenmeteorites fall
o
n
t
he continent) they are embedded
i
n
t
he moving ice sheets

3
3
3
3 elongated
elongated
elongated
elongated
（
elongate[
elongate[
elongate[
elongate[
5ilDN^eIt
5ilDN^eIt
5ilDN^eIt
5ilDN^eIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
拉
长延长

Wherever men appear they are crudely drawn and their bodies are elongated and
rigid

3
3
3
3 elegant
elegant
elegant
elegant [
[
[
[
5elI^Ent
5elI^Ent
5elI^Ent
5elI^Ent
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
雅致

The glass objects
o
f
t
his style were elegant
i
n
ou
tline although often deliberately
distorted with pale or iridescent surfaces

3
3
3
3 efficiently
efficiently
efficiently
efficiently [
[
[
[
I5fIFEntlI
I5fIFEntlI
I5fIFEntlI
I5fIFEntlI
]
]
]
] adv
adv
adv
adv
高效效
3
3
3
3 efficiency
efficiency
efficiency
efficiency [
[
[
[
I5fIFEnsI
I5fIFEnsI
I5fIFEnsI
I5fIFEnsI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
效率

The government postal service lost volume to private competition and was not able to
handle efficiently even the business
i
t
ha
d

3
3
3
3 edition
edition
edition
edition [
[
[
[
I5dIFEn
I5dIFEn
I5dIFEn
I5dIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
版

Pamphlets and chapbooks did not require fine paper or
a
gr
eat deal
o
f
t
ype to produce
they could thus be printed
i
n
l
arge costeffective editions and sold cheaply

3
3
3
3 earthenware
earthenware
earthenware
earthenware [
[
[
[
5＼WEnweE
5＼WEnweE
5＼WEnweE
5＼WEnweE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
陶器

The name
o
f
t
he ware was probably derived from its resemblance to English brown
glazed earthenware made
i
n
S
outh Yorkshire

3
3
3
3 dwarfed
dwarfed
dwarfed
dwarfed
（
dwarf[
dwarf[
dwarf[
dwarf[
dwCf
dwCf
dwCf
dwCf
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

矮阻碍




生长
n
n
n
n
矮子

It can be dwarfed by nature＇s output
o
f
pol
lutants
i
n
t
he localized region

3
3
3
3 durability
durability
durability
durability [
[
[
[
7djJErE5bIlItI
7djJErE5bIlItI
7djJErE5bIlItI
7djJErE5bIlItI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
耐久性

Since surface finishes provided
a
pl
easing appearance and also improved the
durability

3
3
3
3 dormancy
dormancy
dormancy
dormancy n
n
n
n
休眠状态

What keeps the blacktailed deer
a
l
ived
i
n
t
he harsher seasons
o
f
pl
ant decoy and
dormancy

3
3
3
3 dolphins
dolphins
dolphins
dolphins
（
dolphin[
dolphin[
dolphin[
dolphin[
5dDlfIn
5dDlfIn
5dDlfIn
5dDlfIn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
海豚

This passage discusses fossils that help to explain the likely origins
o
f
c
etaceanswhales porpoises and dolphins

3
3
3
3 disguise
disguise
disguise
disguise [
[
[
[
dIs5^aIz
dIs5^aIz
dIs5^aIz
dIs5^aIz
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
假
装隐瞒

Their streamlined bodies the absence
o
f
hi
nd legs and the presence
o
f
a
f
luke and
blowhole cannot disguise their affinities with landdwelling mammals

3
3
3
3 discrete
discrete
discrete
discrete [
[
[
[
dIs5krit
dIs5krit
dIs5krit
dIs5krit
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
连续

By such ingenious adaptations to specific pollinators orchids have avoided the
hazards
o
f
r
ampant crossbreeding
i
n
t
he wild assuring the survival
o
f
s
pecies as discrete
identities
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
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Blog
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：
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师
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Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
148
148
148
148
3
3
3
3 d
iscern
discern
discern
discern [
[
[
[
dI5s＼n
dI5s＼n
dI5s＼n
dI5s＼n
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
分
辨领悟

Although
i
t
i
s not easy to discern such details
i
n
t
he Proterozoic examples they are
almost certainlyglacial varves

3
3
3
3 discard
discard
discard
discard [
[
[
[
dIs5kBd
dIs5kBd
dIs5kBd
dIs5kBd
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
解
雇




抛弃
n
n
n
n
垫牌




抛弃

Squirrels pry
o
ff
t
he caps
o
f
a
corns bite through the shells to get at the nutritious inner
kernels and then discard them halfeaten

3
3
3
3 diffuses
diffuses
diffuses
diffuses
（
diffuse[
diffuse[
diffuse[
diffuse[
dI5fjuz
dI5fjuz
dI5fjuz
dI5fjuz
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
扩
散传播
adj
adj
adj
adj
散开

The reverse occurs when the diver surfaces the nitrogen pressure
i
n
t
he lungs falls and
the nitrogen diffuses from the tissues into the blood and from the blood into the lungs

3
3
3
3 d
ictated
dictated
dictated
dictated
（
dictate[
dictate[
dictate[
dictate[
dIk5teIt
dIk5teIt
dIk5teIt
dIk5teIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

求口授

The quality
o
f
t
he hinterland dictated the pace
o
f
gr
owth
o
f
t
he cities

3
3
3
3 dialects
dialects
dialects
dialects
（
dialect[
dialect[
dialect[
dialect[
5daIElekt
5daIElekt
5daIElekt
5daIElekt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
方言语调

Determined to portray life as
i
t
w
as with fidelity to real life and accurate
representationwithout idealization they studied local dialects wrote stories which
focused
o
n
l
ife inspecific regions
o
f
t
he country and emphasized the true
relationships between people

3
3
3
3 devour
devour
devour
devour [
[
[
[
dI5vaJE
dI5vaJE
dI5vaJE
dI5vaJE
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
吞
没挥霍

I
f
i
t
w
ere not for this faculty they would devour
a
ll
t
he food available
i
n s
s
hort time
and would probably starve themselves out
o
f
e
xistence

3
3
3
3 detachment
detachment
detachment
detachment [
[
[
[
dI5tAtFmEnt
dI5tAtFmEnt
dI5tAtFmEnt
dI5tAtFmEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
分离客观
3
3
3
3 detached
detached
detached
detached
（
detach[
detach[
detach[
detach[
dI5tAtF
dI5tAtF
dI5tAtF
dI5tAtF
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
分
开分离

For example one sign
o
f
t
his condition is the appearance
o
f
t
he comic vision since
comedy requires sufficient detachment to view some deviations from social norms as
ridiculous rather than as serious threats to the welfare
o
f
t
he entire group

3
3
3
3 despondent
despondent
despondent
despondent [
[
[
[
dIs5pDndEnt
dIs5pDndEnt
dIs5pDndEnt
dIs5pDndEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
没精神失

Joy and sadness are experienced by people
i
n
a
ll
c
ultures around the world but how
can we tell when other people are happy or despondent

3
3
3
3 deprived
deprived
deprived
deprived
（
deprive[
deprive[
deprive[
deprive[
dI5praIv
dI5praIv
dI5praIv
dI5praIv
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
剥
夺

For example
i
f
c
hildren are deprived
o
f
a
dequate food or physical and social
stimulation during the early years
o
f
l
ife will their intelligence be permanently
impaired

3
3
3
3 depart
depart
depart
depart [
[
[
[
dI5pBt
dI5pBt
dI5pBt
dI5pBt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
出
发违反

Desert mammals also depart from the normal mammalian practice
o
f
m
aintaining
a
c
onstant body temperature

3
3
3
3 demise
demise
demise
demise [
[
[
[
dI5maIz
dI5maIz
dI5maIz
dI5maIz
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
死亡转

Direct competition may have brought about the demise
o
f
l
argecarnivores such as the
sabertoothed cats

3
3
3
3 delight
delight
delight
delight [
[
[
[
dI5laIt
dI5laIt
dI5laIt
dI5laIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
高
兴
n
n
n
n
高兴




愉快

For babies language is
a
s
ensorymotor delight rather than the route to prosaic
meaning that
i
t
of
ten is for adults

3
3
3
3 dehydrated
dehydrated
dehydrated
dehydrated
（
dehydrate[
dehydrate[
dehydrate[
dehydrate[
di5haIdreIt
di5haIdreIt
di5haIdreIt
di5haIdreIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
脱
水

Desertadapted mammals have the further ability to feed normally when extremely
dehydrated
i
t
i
s
a
c
ommon experience
i
n
pe
ople that appetite is lost even under
conditions
o
f
m
oderate thirst

3
3
3
3 decoy
decoy
decoy
decoy [
[
[
[
dI5kCI
dI5kCI
dI5kCI
dI5kCI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
引诱物圈套
v

v
v
v
诱
骗

What keeps the blacktailed deer
a
l
ived
i
n
t
he harsher seasons
o
f
pl
ant decoy and
dormancy

3
3
3
3 decomposition
decomposition
decomposition
decomposition [
[
[
[
7dikDmpE5zIFEn
7dikDmpE5zIFEn
7dikDmpE5zIFEn
7dikDmpE5zIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
分解老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
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Blog
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Blog
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Blog
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：
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留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
148
148
148
148
3
3
3
3 d
iscern
discern
discern
discern [
[
[
[
dI5s＼n
dI5s＼n
dI5s＼n
dI5s＼n
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
分
辨领悟

Although
i
t
i
s not easy to discern such details
i
n
t
he Proterozoic examples they are
almost certainlyglacial varves

3
3
3
3 discard
discard
discard
discard [
[
[
[
dIs5kBd
dIs5kBd
dIs5kBd
dIs5kBd
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
解
雇




抛弃
n
n
n
n
垫牌




抛弃

Squirrels pry
o
ff
t
he caps
o
f
a
corns bite through the shells to get at the nutritious inner
kernels and then discard them halfeaten

3
3
3
3 diffuses
diffuses
diffuses
diffuses
（
diffuse[
diffuse[
diffuse[
diffuse[
dI5fjuz
dI5fjuz
dI5fjuz
dI5fjuz
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
扩
散传播
adj
adj
adj
adj
散开

The reverse occurs when the diver surfaces the nitrogen pressure
i
n
t
he lungs falls and
the nitrogen diffuses from the tissues into the blood and from the blood into the lungs

3
3
3
3 d
ictated
dictated
dictated
dictated
（
dictate[
dictate[
dictate[
dictate[
dIk5teIt
dIk5teIt
dIk5teIt
dIk5teIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

求口授

The quality
o
f
t
he hinterland dictated the pace
o
f
gr
owth
o
f
t
he cities

3
3
3
3 dialects
dialects
dialects
dialects
（
dialect[
dialect[
dialect[
dialect[
5daIElekt
5daIElekt
5daIElekt
5daIElekt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
方言语调

Determined to portray life as
i
t
w
as with fidelity to real life and accurate
representationwithout idealization they studied local dialects wrote stories which
focused
o
n
l
ife inspecific regions
o
f
t
he country and emphasized the true
relationships between people

3
3
3
3 devour
devour
devour
devour [
[
[
[
dI5vaJE
dI5vaJE
dI5vaJE
dI5vaJE
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
吞
没挥霍

I
f
i
t
w
ere not for this faculty they would devour
a
ll
t
he food available
i
n s
s
hort time
and would probably starve themselves out
o
f
e
xistence

3
3
3
3 detachment
detachment
detachment
detachment [
[
[
[
dI5tAtFmEnt
dI5tAtFmEnt
dI5tAtFmEnt
dI5tAtFmEnt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
分离客观
3
3
3
3 detached
detached
detached
detached
（
detach[
detach[
detach[
detach[
dI5tAtF
dI5tAtF
dI5tAtF
dI5tAtF
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
分
开分离

For example one sign
o
f
t
his condition is the appearance
o
f
t
he comic vision since
comedy requires sufficient detachment to view some deviations from social norms as
ridiculous rather than as serious threats to the welfare
o
f
t
he entire group

3
3
3
3 despondent
despondent
despondent
despondent [
[
[
[
dIs5pDndEnt
dIs5pDndEnt
dIs5pDndEnt
dIs5pDndEnt
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
没精神失

Joy and sadness are experienced by people
i
n
a
ll
c
ultures around the world but how
can we tell when other people are happy or despondent

3
3
3
3 deprived
deprived
deprived
deprived
（
deprive[
deprive[
deprive[
deprive[
dI5praIv
dI5praIv
dI5praIv
dI5praIv
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
剥
夺

For example
i
f
c
hildren are deprived
o
f
a
dequate food or physical and social
stimulation during the early years
o
f
l
ife will their intelligence be permanently
impaired

3
3
3
3 depart
depart
depart
depart [
[
[
[
dI5pBt
dI5pBt
dI5pBt
dI5pBt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
出
发违反

Desert mammals also depart from the normal mammalian practice
o
f
m
aintaining
a
c
onstant body temperature

3
3
3
3 demise
demise
demise
demise [
[
[
[
dI5maIz
dI5maIz
dI5maIz
dI5maIz
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
死亡转

Direct competition may have brought about the demise
o
f
l
argecarnivores such as the
sabertoothed cats

3
3
3
3 delight
delight
delight
delight [
[
[
[
dI5laIt
dI5laIt
dI5laIt
dI5laIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
高
兴
n
n
n
n
高兴




愉快

For babies language is
a
s
ensorymotor delight rather than the route to prosaic
meaning that
i
t
of
ten is for adults

3
3
3
3 dehydrated
dehydrated
dehydrated
dehydrated
（
dehydrate[
dehydrate[
dehydrate[
dehydrate[
di5haIdreIt
di5haIdreIt
di5haIdreIt
di5haIdreIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
脱
水

Desertadapted mammals have the further ability to feed normally when extremely
dehydrated
i
t
i
s
a
c
ommon experience
i
n
pe
ople that appetite is lost even under
conditions
o
f
m
oderate thirst

3
3
3
3 decoy
decoy
decoy
decoy [
[
[
[
dI5kCI
dI5kCI
dI5kCI
dI5kCI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
引诱物圈套
v

v
v
v
诱
骗

What keeps the blacktailed deer
a
l
ived
i
n
t
he harsher seasons
o
f
pl
ant decoy and
dormancy

3
3
3
3 decomposition
decomposition
decomposition
decomposition [
[
[
[
7dikDmpE5zIFEn
7dikDmpE5zIFEn
7dikDmpE5zIFEn
7dikDmpE5zIFEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
分解老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
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留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
149
149
149
149
3
3
3
3 d
ecompose
decompose
decompose
decompose [
[
[
[
7dikEm5pEJz
7dikEm5pEJz
7dikEm5pEJz
7dikEm5pEJz
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
分
解

Many kinds
o
f
a
nts perceive
a
na
tural decomposition product
o
f
de
ad insects as
a
s
ignal to remove
a
c
orpse

3
3
3
3 deciduous
deciduous
deciduous
deciduous [
[
[
[
dI5sIdVjJEs
dI5sIdVjJEs
dI5sIdVjJEs
dI5sIdVjJEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
年落叶

In the Canadian North needleleaf forests dominate but these coniferous trees become
mixed with broadleaf deciduous trees as one crosses the border into the Northeast
United States

3
3
3
3 debated
debated
debated
debated
（
debate[
debate[
debate[
debate[
dI5beIt
dI5beIt
dI5beIt
dI5beIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
辩

n
n
n
n
辩讨

The advantages claimed for such foods over conventionally grown and marketed food
products are now being debated

3
3
3
3 damp
damp
damp
damp [
[
[
[
dAmp
dAmp
dAmp
dAmp
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v

潮湿抑制
n
n
n
n
湿气
adj
adj
adj
adj
潮湿

Clay particles are highly cohesive and when dampenedbehave as
a
pl
astic

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
3
3
3
3 customary
customary
customary
customary [
[
[
[
5kQstEmErI
5kQstEmErI
5kQstEmErI
5kQstEmErI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
惯常

It is customary to number prints as they come
o
ff
t
hepress the earlier impressions
being the finest and therefore the most desirable

3
3
3
3 custom
custom
custom
custom [
[
[
[
5kQstEm
5kQstEm
5kQstEm
5kQstEm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
惯风俗

A
f
olk culture is small isolated cohesive conservative nearly selfsufficient group
that is homogeneous
i
n
c
ustom and race

3
3
3
3 curtain
curtain
curtain
curtain [
[
[
[
5k＼tEn
5k＼tEn
5k＼tEn
5k＼tEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
帐
v

v
v
v
装
帘子遮掉

Each aurora hangs like
a
c
urtain
o
f
l
ight stretching over the polar regions and into the
higher latitudes

3
3
3
3 curious
curious
curious
curious [
[
[
[
5kjJErIEs
5kjJErIEs
5kjJErIEs
5kjJErIEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
奇古怪

The town
o
f
P
ullman became
a
popul
ar tourist stop attracting more than its share
o
f
c
urious travelers

3
3
3
3 cue
cue
cue
cue [
[
[
[
kju
kju
kju
kju
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
提示
v

v
v
v
暗
示

Adults make
i
t
a
s easy as they can for babies to pick up
a
l
anguage by exaggerating
such cues

3
3
3
3 crying
crying
crying
crying
（
cry[
cry[
cry[
cry[
kraI
kraI
kraI
kraI
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
哭




喊
n

n
n
n
哭声

They will stop crying when they hear
a
pe
rson talking but not
i
f
t
hey hear
a
be
ll or the
sound
o
f
a
r
attle

3
3
3
3 crowded
crowded
crowded
crowded
（
crowd[
crowd[
crowd[
crowd[
kraJd
kraJd
kraJd
kraJd
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
群许
v

v
v
v
挤




拥
挤

Market days saw the crowded city even more crowded as fanners from within
a
r
adiu
s
o
f
24 or m
ore kilometers brought their sheep cows pigs vegetables cider and other
products for direct sale to the towns people

3
3
3
3 credited
credited
credited
credited
（
credit[
credit[
credit[
credit[
5kredIt
5kredIt
5kredIt
5kredIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

功




信
n
n
n
n
信誉信赖

The painter or master who is credited with having created the painting may have
designed the work and overseen its production but
i
t
i
s highly unlikely that the artist＇s
hand applied every stroke
o
f
t
he brush

3
3
3
3 cow
cow
cow
cow [
[
[
[
kaJ
kaJ
kaJ
kaJ
]n
]n
]n
]n
母牛
v

v
v
v
恐
吓威胁

On
a
1948 v
acation Hazen fortuitously collected
a
c
lump
o
f
s
oil from the edge
o
f
W

B

Nourse＇s cow pasture Hazen fortuitously collected
a
c
lump
o
f
s
oil from the edge
o
f
W
B
Nourse＇s cow pasture
i
n
F
auquier County Virginia that when tested revealed the
presence
o
f
t
he microorganisms

3
3
3
3 courts
courts
courts
courts
（
court[
court[
court[
court[
kCt
kCt
kCt
kCt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
法院

Not only did they cater to the governor and his circle but citizens from
a
ll
ov
er the
colony came to the capital for legislative sessions
o
f
t
he assembly and council and the
meetings
o
f
t
he courts
o
f
j
ustice

3
3
3
3 courses
courses
courses
courses
（
course[
course[
course[
course[
kCs
kCs
kCs
kCs
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
程进程课程老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
149
149
149
149
3
3
3
3 d
ecompose
decompose
decompose
decompose [
[
[
[
7dikEm5pEJz
7dikEm5pEJz
7dikEm5pEJz
7dikEm5pEJz
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
分
解

Many kinds
o
f
a
nts perceive
a
na
tural decomposition product
o
f
de
ad insects as
a
s
ignal to remove
a
c
orpse

3
3
3
3 deciduous
deciduous
deciduous
deciduous [
[
[
[
dI5sIdVjJEs
dI5sIdVjJEs
dI5sIdVjJEs
dI5sIdVjJEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
年落叶

In the Canadian North needleleaf forests dominate but these coniferous trees become
mixed with broadleaf deciduous trees as one crosses the border into the Northeast
United States

3
3
3
3 debated
debated
debated
debated
（
debate[
debate[
debate[
debate[
dI5beIt
dI5beIt
dI5beIt
dI5beIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
辩

n
n
n
n
辩讨

The advantages claimed for such foods over conventionally grown and marketed food
products are now being debated

3
3
3
3 damp
damp
damp
damp [
[
[
[
dAmp
dAmp
dAmp
dAmp
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v

潮湿抑制
n
n
n
n
湿气
adj
adj
adj
adj
潮湿

Clay particles are highly cohesive and when dampenedbehave as
a
pl
astic

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
3
3
3
3 customary
customary
customary
customary [
[
[
[
5kQstEmErI
5kQstEmErI
5kQstEmErI
5kQstEmErI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
惯常

It is customary to number prints as they come
o
ff
t
hepress the earlier impressions
being the finest and therefore the most desirable

3
3
3
3 custom
custom
custom
custom [
[
[
[
5kQstEm
5kQstEm
5kQstEm
5kQstEm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
惯风俗

A
f
olk culture is small isolated cohesive conservative nearly selfsufficient group
that is homogeneous
i
n
c
ustom and race

3
3
3
3 curtain
curtain
curtain
curtain [
[
[
[
5k＼tEn
5k＼tEn
5k＼tEn
5k＼tEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
帐
v

v
v
v
装
帘子遮掉

Each aurora hangs like
a
c
urtain
o
f
l
ight stretching over the polar regions and into the
higher latitudes

3
3
3
3 curious
curious
curious
curious [
[
[
[
5kjJErIEs
5kjJErIEs
5kjJErIEs
5kjJErIEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
奇古怪

The town
o
f
P
ullman became
a
popul
ar tourist stop attracting more than its share
o
f
c
urious travelers

3
3
3
3 cue
cue
cue
cue [
[
[
[
kju
kju
kju
kju
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
提示
v

v
v
v
暗
示

Adults make
i
t
a
s easy as they can for babies to pick up
a
l
anguage by exaggerating
such cues

3
3
3
3 crying
crying
crying
crying
（
cry[
cry[
cry[
cry[
kraI
kraI
kraI
kraI
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
哭




喊
n

n
n
n
哭声

They will stop crying when they hear
a
pe
rson talking but not
i
f
t
hey hear
a
be
ll or the
sound
o
f
a
r
attle

3
3
3
3 crowded
crowded
crowded
crowded
（
crowd[
crowd[
crowd[
crowd[
kraJd
kraJd
kraJd
kraJd
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
群许
v

v
v
v
挤




拥
挤

Market days saw the crowded city even more crowded as fanners from within
a
r
adiu
s
o
f
24 or m
ore kilometers brought their sheep cows pigs vegetables cider and other
products for direct sale to the towns people

3
3
3
3 credited
credited
credited
credited
（
credit[
credit[
credit[
credit[
5kredIt
5kredIt
5kredIt
5kredIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v

功




信
n
n
n
n
信誉信赖

The painter or master who is credited with having created the painting may have
designed the work and overseen its production but
i
t
i
s highly unlikely that the artist＇s
hand applied every stroke
o
f
t
he brush

3
3
3
3 cow
cow
cow
cow [
[
[
[
kaJ
kaJ
kaJ
kaJ
]n
]n
]n
]n
母牛
v

v
v
v
恐
吓威胁

On
a
1948 v
acation Hazen fortuitously collected
a
c
lump
o
f
s
oil from the edge
o
f
W

B

Nourse＇s cow pasture Hazen fortuitously collected
a
c
lump
o
f
s
oil from the edge
o
f
W
B
Nourse＇s cow pasture
i
n
F
auquier County Virginia that when tested revealed the
presence
o
f
t
he microorganisms

3
3
3
3 courts
courts
courts
courts
（
court[
court[
court[
court[
kCt
kCt
kCt
kCt
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
法院

Not only did they cater to the governor and his circle but citizens from
a
ll
ov
er the
colony came to the capital for legislative sessions
o
f
t
he assembly and council and the
meetings
o
f
t
he courts
o
f
j
ustice

3
3
3
3 courses
courses
courses
courses
（
course[
course[
course[
course[
kCs
kCs
kCs
kCs
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
程进程课程老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
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：
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英语前线
老
师
Blog
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
150
150
150
150

T
he companies building the canals to transport coal needed surveyors to help them
find the coal deposits worth mining as well as to determine the best courses for the
canals
．

3
3
3
3 c
otta
cotta
cotta
cotta n
n
n
n
白色短衣

The broad utility
o
f
t
erracotta was such that workers
i
n
c
lay could generally afford to
confine themselves to either decorated ware and housewares like cooking pots and
storage Jars or building materials like roof tiles and drainpipes

3
3
3
3 corpse
corpse
corpse
corpse [
[
[
[
kCps
kCps
kCps
kCps
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
尸体

The decomposing corpse
o
f
a
de
ad ant also generates
a
s
ignal to which workers
respond by eliminating the corpse from the nest

3
3
3
3 contrary
contrary
contrary
contrary [
[
[
[
5kDntrErI
5kDntrErI
5kDntrErI
5kDntrErI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
相反




立面
adj
adj
adj
adj
相反




立




矛盾
adv
adv
adv
adv
相反

And
i
n
S
acramento
a
n
e
xcavation at the size
o
f
a
f
ashionable nineteenthcentury hotel
revealed that garbage had been stashed
i
n
t
he building＇s basement despite sanitation
laws to the contrary

3
3
3
3 contradictory
contradictory
contradictory
contradictory [
[
[
[
7kDntrE5dIktErI
7kDntrE5dIktErI
7kDntrE5dIktErI
7kDntrE5dIktErI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
反驳反

It can be inferred from the passage that astronomy textbooks prior to 1979 provided
many contradictory statistics about Europa

3
3
3
3 contours
contours
contours
contours
（
contour[
contour[
contour[
contour[
5kDntJE
5kDntJE
5kDntJE
5kDntJE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
轮廓

A
de
tailed study has been made
o
f
t
he prints using photogrammetry
a
t
echnique for
obtaining measurements through photographs which created
a
dr
awing showing
a
ll
t
he
curves and contours
o
f
t
he prints

3
3
3
3 constituted
constituted
constituted
constituted
（
constitute[
constitute[
constitute[
constitute[
5kDnstItjut
5kDnstItjut
5kDnstItjut
5kDnstItjut
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
制
定组成

But
i
n
t
he nineteenth century the capture
o
n
f
ilm
o
f
a
f
alling cat constituted
a
s
cientifi
c
e
xperiment

3
3
3
3 condensed
condensed
condensed
condensed
（
condense[
condense[
condense[
condense[
kEn5dens
kEn5dens
kEn5dens
kEn5dens
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
浓
缩摘

W
ith
m
uch
o
f
t
he water vapor already condensed into water and the concentration
o
f
c
arbon dioxide dwindling the atmosphere gradually became rich nitrogen

3
3
3
3 compromise
compromise
compromise
compromise [
[
[
[
5kDmprEmaIz
5kDmprEmaIz
5kDmprEmaIz
5kDmprEmaIz
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
妥
协
n
n
n
n
妥协折衷

That this device was
a
ne
cessary structural compromise is clear from the fact that the
cannonball quickly disappeared when sculptors learned how to strengthen the internal
structure
o
f
a
s
tatue with iron braces (iron being much stronger than bronze)

3
3
3
3 comprises
comprises
comprises
comprises
（
comprise[
comprise[
comprise[
comprise[
kEm5praIz
kEm5praIz
kEm5praIz
kEm5praIz
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
包
含

Passive plant defense comprises physical and chemical barriers that prevent entry
o
f
pa
thogens such as bacteria or render tissues unpalatable or toxic to the invader

3
3
3
3 communal
communal
communal
communal [
[
[
[
5kDmjJnl
5kDmjJnl
5kDmjJnl
5kDmjJnl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
公

The reasons for roosting communally are not always obvious but there are some
likely benefits

3
3
3
3 commonsense
commonsense
commonsense
commonsense [
[
[
[
9kDmEn`sens
9kDmEn`sens
9kDmEn`sens
9kDmEn`sens
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
常识

They are stimulating and refreshing because with commonsense briskness they brush
away illusions and secondhand opinions

3
3
3
3 commissioned
commissioned
commissioned
commissioned
（
commission[
commission[
commission[
commission[
kE5mIFEn
kE5mIFEn
kE5mIFEn
kE5mIFEn
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
委

n
n
n
n



务权限委

When the Continental Congress fled there from Philadelphia
i
n
1776
i
t
c
ommissioned
Ms Goddard to print the first official version
o
f
t
he Declaration
o
f
I
ndependence
i
n
J
anuary 1777

3
3
3
3 coins
coins
coins
coins
（
coin[
coin[
coin[
coin[
kCIn
kCIn
kCIn
kCIn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
硬币货币
v

v
v
v
铸
造创造

Unlike the silver coins from which they were made silver articles werereadily
identifiable

老师
Toefl
词汇红宝书 老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
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Toefl
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Toefl
词汇红宝书
150
150
150
150

T
he companies building the canals to transport coal needed surveyors to help them
find the coal deposits worth mining as well as to determine the best courses for the
canals
．

3
3
3
3 c
otta
cotta
cotta
cotta n
n
n
n
白色短衣

The broad utility
o
f
t
erracotta was such that workers
i
n
c
lay could generally afford to
confine themselves to either decorated ware and housewares like cooking pots and
storage Jars or building materials like roof tiles and drainpipes

3
3
3
3 corpse
corpse
corpse
corpse [
[
[
[
kCps
kCps
kCps
kCps
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
尸体

The decomposing corpse
o
f
a
de
ad ant also generates
a
s
ignal to which workers
respond by eliminating the corpse from the nest

3
3
3
3 contrary
contrary
contrary
contrary [
[
[
[
5kDntrErI
5kDntrErI
5kDntrErI
5kDntrErI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
相反




立面
adj
adj
adj
adj
相反




立




矛盾
adv
adv
adv
adv
相反

And
i
n
S
acramento
a
n
e
xcavation at the size
o
f
a
f
ashionable nineteenthcentury hotel
revealed that garbage had been stashed
i
n
t
he building＇s basement despite sanitation
laws to the contrary

3
3
3
3 contradictory
contradictory
contradictory
contradictory [
[
[
[
7kDntrE5dIktErI
7kDntrE5dIktErI
7kDntrE5dIktErI
7kDntrE5dIktErI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
反驳反

It can be inferred from the passage that astronomy textbooks prior to 1979 provided
many contradictory statistics about Europa

3
3
3
3 contours
contours
contours
contours
（
contour[
contour[
contour[
contour[
5kDntJE
5kDntJE
5kDntJE
5kDntJE
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
轮廓

A
de
tailed study has been made
o
f
t
he prints using photogrammetry
a
t
echnique for
obtaining measurements through photographs which created
a
dr
awing showing
a
ll
t
he
curves and contours
o
f
t
he prints

3
3
3
3 constituted
constituted
constituted
constituted
（
constitute[
constitute[
constitute[
constitute[
5kDnstItjut
5kDnstItjut
5kDnstItjut
5kDnstItjut
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
制
定组成

But
i
n
t
he nineteenth century the capture
o
n
f
ilm
o
f
a
f
alling cat constituted
a
s
cientifi
c
e
xperiment

3
3
3
3 condensed
condensed
condensed
condensed
（
condense[
condense[
condense[
condense[
kEn5dens
kEn5dens
kEn5dens
kEn5dens
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
浓
缩摘

W
ith
m
uch
o
f
t
he water vapor already condensed into water and the concentration
o
f
c
arbon dioxide dwindling the atmosphere gradually became rich nitrogen

3
3
3
3 compromise
compromise
compromise
compromise [
[
[
[
5kDmprEmaIz
5kDmprEmaIz
5kDmprEmaIz
5kDmprEmaIz
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
妥
协
n
n
n
n
妥协折衷

That this device was
a
ne
cessary structural compromise is clear from the fact that the
cannonball quickly disappeared when sculptors learned how to strengthen the internal
structure
o
f
a
s
tatue with iron braces (iron being much stronger than bronze)

3
3
3
3 comprises
comprises
comprises
comprises
（
comprise[
comprise[
comprise[
comprise[
kEm5praIz
kEm5praIz
kEm5praIz
kEm5praIz
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
包
含

Passive plant defense comprises physical and chemical barriers that prevent entry
o
f
pa
thogens such as bacteria or render tissues unpalatable or toxic to the invader

3
3
3
3 communal
communal
communal
communal [
[
[
[
5kDmjJnl
5kDmjJnl
5kDmjJnl
5kDmjJnl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
公

The reasons for roosting communally are not always obvious but there are some
likely benefits

3
3
3
3 commonsense
commonsense
commonsense
commonsense [
[
[
[
9kDmEn`sens
9kDmEn`sens
9kDmEn`sens
9kDmEn`sens
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
常识

They are stimulating and refreshing because with commonsense briskness they brush
away illusions and secondhand opinions

3
3
3
3 commissioned
commissioned
commissioned
commissioned
（
commission[
commission[
commission[
commission[
kE5mIFEn
kE5mIFEn
kE5mIFEn
kE5mIFEn
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
委

n
n
n
n



务权限委

When the Continental Congress fled there from Philadelphia
i
n
1776
i
t
c
ommissioned
Ms Goddard to print the first official version
o
f
t
he Declaration
o
f
I
ndependence
i
n
J
anuary 1777

3
3
3
3 coins
coins
coins
coins
（
coin[
coin[
coin[
coin[
kCIn
kCIn
kCIn
kCIn
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
硬币货币
v

v
v
v
铸
造创造

Unlike the silver coins from which they were made silver articles werereadily
identifiable

老师
Toefl
词汇红宝书 老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
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wwwibtsatcom
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Toefl
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词汇红宝书
151
151
151
151
3
3
3
3 c
linical
clinical
clinical
clinical [
[
[
[
5klInIkEl
5klInIkEl
5klInIkEl
5klInIkEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
床

The stages
o
f
de
velopment
o
f
c
linical nutrition as
a
f
ield
o
f
s
tudy

3
3
3
3 clients(client[
clients(client[
clients(client[
clients(client[
5klaIEnt
5klaIEnt
5klaIEnt
5klaIEnt
])
])
])
]) n
n
n
n
客户委托

Both clients and architects are responsible for the mediocre designs
o
f
s
ome modern
buildings

3
3
3
3 clarify
clarify
clarify
clarify [
[
[
[
5klArIfaI
5klArIfaI
5klArIfaI
5klArIfaI
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v

明晰

It clarify which plants grew better
i
n
pl
aces where trees were not cut down

3
3
3
3 cite
cite
cite
cite [
[
[
[
saIt
saIt
saIt
saIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
引


In their Pleistocene overkill hypothesis they cite what seems to be
a
r
emarkable
coincidence between the arrival
o
f
pr
ehistoric peoples
i
n
N
orth and South America and
the time during which mammoths giant ground sloths the giant bison and numerous
other large mammals became extinct

3
3
3
3 chimney
chimney
chimney
chimney [
[
[
[
5tFImnI
5tFImnI
5tFImnI
5tFImnI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
烟囱

It was made like
a
s
mallsecondary fireplace with
a
f
lue leading into the main chimney
to draw out smoke

3
3
3
3 cheese
cheese
cheese
cheese [
[
[
[
tFiz
tFiz
tFiz
tFiz
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
乳酪

The women also made
a
c
heeselike substance from
a
m
ixture
o
f
f
ish and roe by agin
g
i
t
i
n
s
torehouses or by burying
i
t
i
n
w
ooden boxes or pits lined with rocks and tree
leaves

3
3
3
3 chart
chart
chart
chart [
[
[
[
tFBt
tFBt
tFBt
tFBt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
图表
v

v
v
v
制
成图表

Although some newspapers that had carried the United States Weather Bureau＇s
national weather map
i
n
1912 dr
opped
i
t
onc
e the novelty had passed many continued
to print the daily weather chart provided by their local forecasting office

3
3
3
3 channels
channels
channels
channels
（
channel[
channel[
channel[
channel[
5tFAnl
5tFAnl
5tFAnl
5tFAnl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
水道航道海峡频道
v

v
v
v
引
导

The rapidly accumulating sediments
i
n
f
lood plains deltas and stream channels buried
freshwater organisms along with other plants and animals that happened to fall into the
water

3
3
3
3 celsius
celsius
celsius
celsius [
[
[
[
5selsjEs
5selsjEs
5selsjEs
5selsjEs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
摄氏温度计

The overheated body then cools down during the cold desert night and indeed the
temperature may fall unusually low by dawn as low as 34 degrees Celsius
i
n
t
he
camel

3
3
3
3 cellulose
cellulose
cellulose
cellulose [
[
[
[
5seljJlEJs
5seljJlEJs
5seljJlEJs
5seljJlEJs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
纤维素

Furthermore the walls
o
f
f
ungal cells are not made
o
f
c
ellulose as those
o
f
pl
ants are
but
o
f
a
nother complex sugarlike polymer called chitin the material from which the
hard outer skeletons
o
f
s
hrimps spiders and insects are made

3
3
3
3 celluloid
celluloid
celluloid
celluloid n(
n(
n(
n(
口语
)
)
)
)
电影




商标
’
’
’
’
赛璐珞

W
ith
t
he advent
o
f
pr
ojection the viewer＇s relationship with the image was no longer
private as
i
t
ha
d been with earlier peepshow devices such as the Kinetoscope and the
Mutoscope which was
a
s
imilar machine that reproduced motion by means
o
f
s
uccessive images
o
n
i
ndividual photographic cards instead
o
f on
s
trips
o
f
c
elluloid

3
3
3
3 celestial
celestial
celestial
celestial [
[
[
[
sI5lestjEl sI5lestFEl
sI5lestjEl sI5lestFEl
sI5lestjEl sI5lestFEl
sI5lestjEl sI5lestFEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
天空

Stars may be spheres but not every celestial object is spherical

3
3
3
3 cavities
cavities
cavities
cavities
（
cavity[
cavity[
cavity[
cavity[
5kAvItI
5kAvItI
5kAvItI
5kAvItI
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
洞

But note that porosity is not the same as permeability which measures the ease with
which water can flow through
a
m
aterial this depends
o
n
t
he sizes
o
f
t
he individual
cavities and the crevices linking them

3
3
3
3 canvas
canvas
canvas
canvas [
[
[
[
5kAnvEs
5kAnvEs
5kAnvEs
5kAnvEs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
帆布画布

Paintings must have rigid stretchers so that the canvas will be taut and the paint must
not deteriorate crack or discolor
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
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Blog
：
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英语前线
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师
Blog
Blog
Blog
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：
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留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
151
151
151
151
3
3
3
3 c
linical
clinical
clinical
clinical [
[
[
[
5klInIkEl
5klInIkEl
5klInIkEl
5klInIkEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
床

The stages
o
f
de
velopment
o
f
c
linical nutrition as
a
f
ield
o
f
s
tudy

3
3
3
3 clients(client[
clients(client[
clients(client[
clients(client[
5klaIEnt
5klaIEnt
5klaIEnt
5klaIEnt
])
])
])
]) n
n
n
n
客户委托

Both clients and architects are responsible for the mediocre designs
o
f
s
ome modern
buildings

3
3
3
3 clarify
clarify
clarify
clarify [
[
[
[
5klArIfaI
5klArIfaI
5klArIfaI
5klArIfaI
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v

明晰

It clarify which plants grew better
i
n
pl
aces where trees were not cut down

3
3
3
3 cite
cite
cite
cite [
[
[
[
saIt
saIt
saIt
saIt
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
引


In their Pleistocene overkill hypothesis they cite what seems to be
a
r
emarkable
coincidence between the arrival
o
f
pr
ehistoric peoples
i
n
N
orth and South America and
the time during which mammoths giant ground sloths the giant bison and numerous
other large mammals became extinct

3
3
3
3 chimney
chimney
chimney
chimney [
[
[
[
5tFImnI
5tFImnI
5tFImnI
5tFImnI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
烟囱

It was made like
a
s
mallsecondary fireplace with
a
f
lue leading into the main chimney
to draw out smoke

3
3
3
3 cheese
cheese
cheese
cheese [
[
[
[
tFiz
tFiz
tFiz
tFiz
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
乳酪

The women also made
a
c
heeselike substance from
a
m
ixture
o
f
f
ish and roe by agin
g
i
t
i
n
s
torehouses or by burying
i
t
i
n
w
ooden boxes or pits lined with rocks and tree
leaves

3
3
3
3 chart
chart
chart
chart [
[
[
[
tFBt
tFBt
tFBt
tFBt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
图表
v

v
v
v
制
成图表

Although some newspapers that had carried the United States Weather Bureau＇s
national weather map
i
n
1912 dr
opped
i
t
onc
e the novelty had passed many continued
to print the daily weather chart provided by their local forecasting office

3
3
3
3 channels
channels
channels
channels
（
channel[
channel[
channel[
channel[
5tFAnl
5tFAnl
5tFAnl
5tFAnl
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
水道航道海峡频道
v

v
v
v
引
导

The rapidly accumulating sediments
i
n
f
lood plains deltas and stream channels buried
freshwater organisms along with other plants and animals that happened to fall into the
water

3
3
3
3 celsius
celsius
celsius
celsius [
[
[
[
5selsjEs
5selsjEs
5selsjEs
5selsjEs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
摄氏温度计

The overheated body then cools down during the cold desert night and indeed the
temperature may fall unusually low by dawn as low as 34 degrees Celsius
i
n
t
he
camel

3
3
3
3 cellulose
cellulose
cellulose
cellulose [
[
[
[
5seljJlEJs
5seljJlEJs
5seljJlEJs
5seljJlEJs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
纤维素

Furthermore the walls
o
f
f
ungal cells are not made
o
f
c
ellulose as those
o
f
pl
ants are
but
o
f
a
nother complex sugarlike polymer called chitin the material from which the
hard outer skeletons
o
f
s
hrimps spiders and insects are made

3
3
3
3 celluloid
celluloid
celluloid
celluloid n(
n(
n(
n(
口语
)
)
)
)
电影




商标
’
’
’
’
赛璐珞

W
ith
t
he advent
o
f
pr
ojection the viewer＇s relationship with the image was no longer
private as
i
t
ha
d been with earlier peepshow devices such as the Kinetoscope and the
Mutoscope which was
a
s
imilar machine that reproduced motion by means
o
f
s
uccessive images
o
n
i
ndividual photographic cards instead
o
f on
s
trips
o
f
c
elluloid

3
3
3
3 celestial
celestial
celestial
celestial [
[
[
[
sI5lestjEl sI5lestFEl
sI5lestjEl sI5lestFEl
sI5lestjEl sI5lestFEl
sI5lestjEl sI5lestFEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
天空

Stars may be spheres but not every celestial object is spherical

3
3
3
3 cavities
cavities
cavities
cavities
（
cavity[
cavity[
cavity[
cavity[
5kAvItI
5kAvItI
5kAvItI
5kAvItI
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
洞

But note that porosity is not the same as permeability which measures the ease with
which water can flow through
a
m
aterial this depends
o
n
t
he sizes
o
f
t
he individual
cavities and the crevices linking them

3
3
3
3 canvas
canvas
canvas
canvas [
[
[
[
5kAnvEs
5kAnvEs
5kAnvEs
5kAnvEs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
帆布画布

Paintings must have rigid stretchers so that the canvas will be taut and the paint must
not deteriorate crack or discolor
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
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英语前线
老
师
Blog
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：
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
152
152
152
152
3
3
3
3 c
andle
candle
candle
candle [
[
[
[
5kAndl
5kAndl
5kAndl
5kAndl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
蜡烛

Coal gas rivaled smoky
o
il
l
amps and flickering candles and early
i
n
t
he new century
well—to—do Londoners grew accustomed to gaslit houses and even streets

3
3
3
3 campus
campus
campus
campus [
[
[
[
5kAmpEs
5kAmpEs
5kAmpEs
5kAmpEs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
校园

According to one report squirrels destroyed tens
o
f
t
housands
o
f
f
allen acorns from a
n
oa
k stand
o
n
t
he University
o
f
I
ndiana campus

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
3
3
3
3 camel
camel
camel
camel [
[
[
[
5kAmEl
5kAmEl
5kAmEl
5kAmEl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
骆驼

Desert animals can drink prodigious volumes
i
n
a
s
hort time and camels have been
known to imbibe over 100 liters
i
n
a
f
ew minutes

3
3
3
3 calcareous
calcareous
calcareous
calcareous adj
adj
adj
adj
钙质

Thick deposits
o
f
c
alcareous ooze made up ofthe tiny remains
o
f
t
he calcium
carbonatesecreting plankton also accumulated as neverbefore

3
3
3
3 cabin
cabin
cabin
cabin [
[
[
[
5kAbIn
5kAbIn
5kAbIn
5kAbIn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
屋

Covered with canvas and drawn by four to six horses the Conestoga wagon rivaled the
log cabin as the primary symbol
o
f
t
he frontier

3
3
3
3 bushy
bushy
bushy
bushy [
[
[
[
5bJFI
5bJFI
5bJFI
5bJFI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
灌木茂密

Even with snow
o
n
t
he ground the high bushy understory is exposed also snow and
wind bring down leafy branches
o
f
c
edar hemlock red alder and other arboreal
fodder

3
3
3
3 brightness
brightness
brightness
brightness [
[
[
[
5braItnIs
5braItnIs
5braItnIs
5braItnIs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
明亮活泼

As
a
r
esult the brightness available today is millions
o
f
t
imes that
o
f
x
ray tubes
which for most
o
f
t
he century were the only available sources
o
f
s
oft xrays

3
3
3
3 breeds
breeds
breeds
breeds
（
breed[
breed[
breed[
breed[
brid
brid
brid
brid
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
品种种类
v

v
v
v
养
育

They began using improved implements tried new crops and pure animal breeds and
became more receptive to modern theories
o
f
s
oil improvement

3
3
3
3 brass
brass
brass
brass [
[
[
[
brBs
brBs
brBs
brBs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
黄铜

A
br
ass or woodwind player may hum while playing to produce two pitches at
onceapianist may reach inside the piano to pluck
a
s
tring and then run
a
m
etal blade
along it

3
3
3
3 bond
bond
bond
bond [
[
[
[
bDnd
bDnd
bDnd
bDnd
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v

结合结合
n
n
n
n
结合

It helped workers
o
f all
s
kill levels form
a
s
trong bond with each other

3
3
3
3 boiling
boiling
boiling
boiling
（
boil[
boil[
boil[
boil[
bCIl
bCIl
bCIl
bCIl
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
沸
腾
n
n
n
n
沸腾

Pasteur constructed
a
s
wannecked flask
i
n
w
hich putrefying materials could he heated
to boiling but air could reenter

3
3
3
3 boasted
boasted
boasted
boasted
（
boast[
boast[
boast[
boast[
bEJst
bEJst
bEJst
bEJst
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
吹引荣事物
v

v
v
v
吹
牛拥

Most
o
f
t
hese towns boasted at least one major flattopped mound
o
n
w
hich stood
a
t
emple that contained
a
s
acred flame

3
3
3
3 board
board
board
board [
[
[
[
bCd
bCd
bCd
bCd
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
木板理委员会食物
v

v
v
v

船板铺供膳食

Nearly
a
ll
i
nterstate commerce was carried out by sailing ships that served the bays
and harbors
o
f
t
he seaboard

3
3
3
3 bluish
bluish
bluish
bluish [
[
[
[
5bluIF
5bluIF
5bluIF
5bluIF
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
带蓝色

This accounts for the bluish tinge
o
f
w
hat were once bright greens in for example
woven tapestry

3
3
3
3 bison
bison
bison
bison [
[
[
[
5baIsn
5baIsn
5baIsn
5baIsn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
野牛

The animals are bulls wild horses reindeer bison and mammoths outlined with
charcoal and painted mostly
i
n
r
eds yellow and browns
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
留学
英语前线
老
师
Blog
Blog
Blog
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
152
152
152
152
3
3
3
3 c
andle
candle
candle
candle [
[
[
[
5kAndl
5kAndl
5kAndl
5kAndl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
蜡烛

Coal gas rivaled smoky
o
il
l
amps and flickering candles and early
i
n
t
he new century
well—to—do Londoners grew accustomed to gaslit houses and even streets

3
3
3
3 campus
campus
campus
campus [
[
[
[
5kAmpEs
5kAmpEs
5kAmpEs
5kAmpEs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
校园

According to one report squirrels destroyed tens
o
f
t
housands
o
f
f
allen acorns from a
n
oa
k stand
o
n
t
he University
o
f
I
ndiana campus

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
3
3
3
3 camel
camel
camel
camel [
[
[
[
5kAmEl
5kAmEl
5kAmEl
5kAmEl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
骆驼

Desert animals can drink prodigious volumes
i
n
a
s
hort time and camels have been
known to imbibe over 100 liters
i
n
a
f
ew minutes

3
3
3
3 calcareous
calcareous
calcareous
calcareous adj
adj
adj
adj
钙质

Thick deposits
o
f
c
alcareous ooze made up ofthe tiny remains
o
f
t
he calcium
carbonatesecreting plankton also accumulated as neverbefore

3
3
3
3 cabin
cabin
cabin
cabin [
[
[
[
5kAbIn
5kAbIn
5kAbIn
5kAbIn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
屋

Covered with canvas and drawn by four to six horses the Conestoga wagon rivaled the
log cabin as the primary symbol
o
f
t
he frontier

3
3
3
3 bushy
bushy
bushy
bushy [
[
[
[
5bJFI
5bJFI
5bJFI
5bJFI
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
灌木茂密

Even with snow
o
n
t
he ground the high bushy understory is exposed also snow and
wind bring down leafy branches
o
f
c
edar hemlock red alder and other arboreal
fodder

3
3
3
3 brightness
brightness
brightness
brightness [
[
[
[
5braItnIs
5braItnIs
5braItnIs
5braItnIs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
明亮活泼

As
a
r
esult the brightness available today is millions
o
f
t
imes that
o
f
x
ray tubes
which for most
o
f
t
he century were the only available sources
o
f
s
oft xrays

3
3
3
3 breeds
breeds
breeds
breeds
（
breed[
breed[
breed[
breed[
brid
brid
brid
brid
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
品种种类
v

v
v
v
养
育

They began using improved implements tried new crops and pure animal breeds and
became more receptive to modern theories
o
f
s
oil improvement

3
3
3
3 brass
brass
brass
brass [
[
[
[
brBs
brBs
brBs
brBs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
黄铜

A
br
ass or woodwind player may hum while playing to produce two pitches at
onceapianist may reach inside the piano to pluck
a
s
tring and then run
a
m
etal blade
along it

3
3
3
3 bond
bond
bond
bond [
[
[
[
bDnd
bDnd
bDnd
bDnd
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v

结合结合
n
n
n
n
结合

It helped workers
o
f all
s
kill levels form
a
s
trong bond with each other

3
3
3
3 boiling
boiling
boiling
boiling
（
boil[
boil[
boil[
boil[
bCIl
bCIl
bCIl
bCIl
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
沸
腾
n
n
n
n
沸腾

Pasteur constructed
a
s
wannecked flask
i
n
w
hich putrefying materials could he heated
to boiling but air could reenter

3
3
3
3 boasted
boasted
boasted
boasted
（
boast[
boast[
boast[
boast[
bEJst
bEJst
bEJst
bEJst
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
吹引荣事物
v

v
v
v
吹
牛拥

Most
o
f
t
hese towns boasted at least one major flattopped mound
o
n
w
hich stood
a
t
emple that contained
a
s
acred flame

3
3
3
3 board
board
board
board [
[
[
[
bCd
bCd
bCd
bCd
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
木板理委员会食物
v

v
v
v

船板铺供膳食

Nearly
a
ll
i
nterstate commerce was carried out by sailing ships that served the bays
and harbors
o
f
t
he seaboard

3
3
3
3 bluish
bluish
bluish
bluish [
[
[
[
5bluIF
5bluIF
5bluIF
5bluIF
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
带蓝色

This accounts for the bluish tinge
o
f
w
hat were once bright greens in for example
woven tapestry

3
3
3
3 bison
bison
bison
bison [
[
[
[
5baIsn
5baIsn
5baIsn
5baIsn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
野牛

The animals are bulls wild horses reindeer bison and mammoths outlined with
charcoal and painted mostly
i
n
r
eds yellow and browns
老
师
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红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
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词汇红宝书
153
153
153
153
3
3
3
3 b
inding
binding
binding
binding
（
bind[
bind[
bind[
bind[
baInd
baInd
baInd
baInd
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
捆
粘结

By 1880
a
s
elfbinding reaper had been perfected that not only cut the grain but also
gathered the stalks andbound them with twine

3
3
3
3 bilingual
bilingual
bilingual
bilingual [
[
[
[
baI5lIN^wEl
baI5lIN^wEl
baI5lIN^wEl
baI5lIN^wEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
双语

Scholars have deciphered other ancient languages such as Sumerian Akkadian and
Babylonian which used the cuneiform script because
o
f
t
he fortuitous discovery
o
f
bi
lingual inscriptions

3
3
3
3 bias
bias
bias
bias [
[
[
[
5baIEs
5baIEs
5baIEs
5baIEs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
偏见

They were by training social scientists not historians and their work tended to
reflect this bias

3
3
3
3 bemoaned
bemoaned
bemoaned
bemoaned
（
bemoan[
bemoan[
bemoan[
bemoan[
bI5mEJn
bI5mEJn
bI5mEJn
bI5mEJn
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
惋
惜

The early explorers and settlers told
o
f
a
bundant deer
i
n
t
he early 1800s and yet almost
i
n
t
he same breath bemoaned the lack
o
f
t
his succulent game animal

3
3
3
3 beat
beat
beat
beat [
[
[
[
bit
bit
bit
bit
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v

n

n
n
n
敲拍子

Perhaps this is primeval heat or beat generated by the continued gravitational
contraction
o
f
t
he planet

老师
Blog
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3
3
3
3 beasts
beasts
beasts
beasts
（
beast[
beast[
beast[
beast[
bist
bist
bist
bist
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
野兽兽性

Many
o
f
t
hese beasts are as large as 16 feet (almost 5 meters)

3
3
3
3 beans
beans
beans
beans
（
bean[
bean[
bean[
bean[
bin
bin
bin
bin
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
豆子

Alder roots contain clusters
o
f
ni
trogenfixing nodules like those found
o
n
l
egumes
such as beans

3
3
3
3 bath
bath
bath
bath [
[
[
[
bBW
bBW
bBW
bBW
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
沐浴

The novelist John Steinbeck recorded the contents
o
f
a
y
oung osprey nest built
i
n
hi
s
garden which included three shirts
a
ba
th towel andone arrow

3
3
3
3 bartering
bartering
bartering
bartering
（
barter[
barter[
barter[
barter[
5bBtE
5bBtE
5bBtE
5bBtE
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
作
物物交换

Its peoples became great traders bartering jewellery pottery animal pelts tools and
other goods along extensive trading networks that stretched up and down eastern North
America and as far west as the Rocky Mountains

3
3
3
3 barren
barren
barren
barren [
[
[
[
5bArEn
5bArEn
5bArEn
5bArEn
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
贫瘠结果实

Its soil is pure silica so barren
i
t
s
upports only lichens as ground cover

3
3
3
3 barn
barn
barn
barn [
[
[
[
bBn
bBn
bBn
bBn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
谷仓

When
a
ne
ighbor needed help families rallied from miles around to assist In building
a
hous
e or barn husking corn shearing sheep or chopping wood

3
3
3
3 bark
bark
bark
bark [
[
[
[
bBk
bBk
bBk
bBk
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
树皮吠声轻舟
v

v
v
v
吠

S
tone wood tree bark clay and sand are generally available materials

3
3
3
3 backdrops
backdrops
backdrops
backdrops
（
backdrop[
backdrop[
backdrop[
backdrop[
5bAkdDDp
5bAkdDDp
5bAkdDDp
5bAkdDDp
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
背景幕

The paintings rest
o
n
ba
re walls with no backdrops or environmental trappings

3
3
3
3 babylonian
babylonian
babylonian
babylonian [
[
[
[
9bAbI`lEJnjEn
9bAbI`lEJnjEn
9bAbI`lEJnjEn
9bAbI`lEJnjEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
巴伦
adj
adj
adj
adj
巴伦

Archaeological discoveries have led some scholars to believe that the first
Mesopotamian inventors
o
f
w
riting may have been
a
pe
ople the later Babylonians called
Subarians

3
3
3
3 automated
automated
automated
automated
[
[
[
[
5CtEmeItId
5CtEmeItId
5CtEmeItId
5CtEmeItId
]
]
]
]
adj
adj
adj
adj
机械化

As early as 1782 the prolific Delaware inventor Oliver Evans had buiit
a
hi
ghly
automated laborsaving flour mill driven by water power

3
3
3
3 auditorium
auditorium
auditorium
auditorium [
[
[
[
7CdI5tCrIEm
7CdI5tCrIEm
7CdI5tCrIEm
7CdI5tCrIEm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
听众席礼堂

The directional aspect
o
f
s
ound hastaken
o
n
ne
w importance as well Loudspeakers or
groups
o
f
i
nstruments may be placed at opposite ends
o
f
t
he stage
i
n
t
he balcony or at老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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Toefl
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Toefl
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词汇红宝书
153
153
153
153
3
3
3
3 b
inding
binding
binding
binding
（
bind[
bind[
bind[
bind[
baInd
baInd
baInd
baInd
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
捆
粘结

By 1880
a
s
elfbinding reaper had been perfected that not only cut the grain but also
gathered the stalks andbound them with twine

3
3
3
3 bilingual
bilingual
bilingual
bilingual [
[
[
[
baI5lIN^wEl
baI5lIN^wEl
baI5lIN^wEl
baI5lIN^wEl
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
双语

Scholars have deciphered other ancient languages such as Sumerian Akkadian and
Babylonian which used the cuneiform script because
o
f
t
he fortuitous discovery
o
f
bi
lingual inscriptions

3
3
3
3 bias
bias
bias
bias [
[
[
[
5baIEs
5baIEs
5baIEs
5baIEs
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
偏见

They were by training social scientists not historians and their work tended to
reflect this bias

3
3
3
3 bemoaned
bemoaned
bemoaned
bemoaned
（
bemoan[
bemoan[
bemoan[
bemoan[
bI5mEJn
bI5mEJn
bI5mEJn
bI5mEJn
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
惋
惜

The early explorers and settlers told
o
f
a
bundant deer
i
n
t
he early 1800s and yet almost
i
n
t
he same breath bemoaned the lack
o
f
t
his succulent game animal

3
3
3
3 beat
beat
beat
beat [
[
[
[
bit
bit
bit
bit
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v

n

n
n
n
敲拍子

Perhaps this is primeval heat or beat generated by the continued gravitational
contraction
o
f
t
he planet

老师
Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
留学英语前线
3
3
3
3 beasts
beasts
beasts
beasts
（
beast[
beast[
beast[
beast[
bist
bist
bist
bist
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
野兽兽性

Many
o
f
t
hese beasts are as large as 16 feet (almost 5 meters)

3
3
3
3 beans
beans
beans
beans
（
bean[
bean[
bean[
bean[
bin
bin
bin
bin
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
豆子

Alder roots contain clusters
o
f
ni
trogenfixing nodules like those found
o
n
l
egumes
such as beans

3
3
3
3 bath
bath
bath
bath [
[
[
[
bBW
bBW
bBW
bBW
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
沐浴

The novelist John Steinbeck recorded the contents
o
f
a
y
oung osprey nest built
i
n
hi
s
garden which included three shirts
a
ba
th towel andone arrow

3
3
3
3 bartering
bartering
bartering
bartering
（
barter[
barter[
barter[
barter[
5bBtE
5bBtE
5bBtE
5bBtE
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
作
物物交换

Its peoples became great traders bartering jewellery pottery animal pelts tools and
other goods along extensive trading networks that stretched up and down eastern North
America and as far west as the Rocky Mountains

3
3
3
3 barren
barren
barren
barren [
[
[
[
5bArEn
5bArEn
5bArEn
5bArEn
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
贫瘠结果实

Its soil is pure silica so barren
i
t
s
upports only lichens as ground cover

3
3
3
3 barn
barn
barn
barn [
[
[
[
bBn
bBn
bBn
bBn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
谷仓

When
a
ne
ighbor needed help families rallied from miles around to assist In building
a
hous
e or barn husking corn shearing sheep or chopping wood

3
3
3
3 bark
bark
bark
bark [
[
[
[
bBk
bBk
bBk
bBk
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
树皮吠声轻舟
v

v
v
v
吠

S
tone wood tree bark clay and sand are generally available materials

3
3
3
3 backdrops
backdrops
backdrops
backdrops
（
backdrop[
backdrop[
backdrop[
backdrop[
5bAkdDDp
5bAkdDDp
5bAkdDDp
5bAkdDDp
]
]
]
]
）
n
n
n
n
背景幕

The paintings rest
o
n
ba
re walls with no backdrops or environmental trappings

3
3
3
3 babylonian
babylonian
babylonian
babylonian [
[
[
[
9bAbI`lEJnjEn
9bAbI`lEJnjEn
9bAbI`lEJnjEn
9bAbI`lEJnjEn
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
巴伦
adj
adj
adj
adj
巴伦

Archaeological discoveries have led some scholars to believe that the first
Mesopotamian inventors
o
f
w
riting may have been
a
pe
ople the later Babylonians called
Subarians

3
3
3
3 automated
automated
automated
automated
[
[
[
[
5CtEmeItId
5CtEmeItId
5CtEmeItId
5CtEmeItId
]
]
]
]
adj
adj
adj
adj
机械化

As early as 1782 the prolific Delaware inventor Oliver Evans had buiit
a
hi
ghly
automated laborsaving flour mill driven by water power

3
3
3
3 auditorium
auditorium
auditorium
auditorium [
[
[
[
7CdI5tCrIEm
7CdI5tCrIEm
7CdI5tCrIEm
7CdI5tCrIEm
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
听众席礼堂

The directional aspect
o
f
s
ound hastaken
o
n
ne
w importance as well Loudspeakers or
groups
o
f
i
nstruments may be placed at opposite ends
o
f
t
he stage
i
n
t
he balcony or at老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
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：
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词汇红宝书
154
154
154
154
t
he back and sides
o
f
t
he auditorium

3
3
3
3 attests
attests
attests
attests
（
attest[
attest[
attest[
attest[
E5test
E5test
E5test
E5test
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
证
实

That attests to the chemically corrosive nature
o
f
s
alt but
i
t
i
s not the way salt destroys
rocks

3
3
3
3 astounding
astounding
astounding
astounding [
[
[
[
E`staJndIN
E`staJndIN
E`staJndIN
E`staJndIN
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
令惊骇

In July
o
f
1994
a
n
a
stounding series
o
f
e
vents took place

3
3
3
3 assure
assure
assure
assure [
[
[
[
E5FJE
E5FJE
E5FJE
E5FJE
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
担
保保证

Nesting material should be added
i
n
s
ufficient amounts to avoid both extreme
temperature situations mentioned above and assure that the eggs have
a
s
oft
secureplace to rest

3
3
3
3 ascending
ascending
ascending
ascending [
[
[
[
E5sendIN
E5sendIN
E5sendIN
E5sendIN
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
升

Then to connect the pueblos and to give access to the surrounding tableland the
architects laid out
a
s
ystem
o
f
publ
ic roads with stone staircases for ascending cliff
faces

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：
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3
3
3
3 arousal
arousal
arousal
arousal [
[
[
[
E5raJzEl
E5raJzEl
E5raJzEl
E5raJzEl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
唤起

Selfperception
o
f
he
ightened arousal then leads to heightened emotional activity

3
3
3
3 arduous
arduous
arduous
arduous [
[
[
[
5BdjJEs
5BdjJEs
5BdjJEs
5BdjJEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
艰巨

In the past whole cities grew from the arduous task
o
f
c
utting and piling stone upon

3
3
3
3 aq
ueduct
aqueduct
aqueduct
aqueduct [
[
[
[
5AkwI7dQkt
5AkwI7dQkt
5AkwI7dQkt
5AkwI7dQkt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
水渠

The agricultural potential
o
f
t
he area was enormous
i
f
w
ater for irrigation could be
found and the city founders had the vision and dating to obtain
i
t
by c
onstructing
a
225
m
ile aqueduct completed
i
n
1913 t
o tap the water
o
f
t
he Owens River

3
3
3
3 anticipated
anticipated
anticipated
anticipated
（
anticipate[
anticipate[
anticipate[
anticipate[
An5tIsIpeIt
An5tIsIpeIt
An5tIsIpeIt
An5tIsIpeIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
预
期预料

The most eagerly anticipated social events were the rural fairs Hundreds
o
f
m
en
women and children attended from far and near

3
3
3
3 antenna
antenna
antenna
antenna [
[
[
[
An5tenE
An5tenE
An5tenE
An5tenE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
触角天线

The vapor
o
f
t
he evaporating pheromone over the trail guides
a
n
a
nt along the way
and the ant detects this signal with receptors
i
n
i
ts antennae

3
3
3
3 andes
andes
andes
andes n
n
n
n
安第斯山脉

All birds living today from the great condors
o
f
t
he Andes to the tiniest wrensrace
their origin back to the Mesozoic dinosaurs

3
3
3
3 alloy
alloy
alloy
alloy [
[
[
[
5AlCI
5AlCI
5AlCI
5AlCI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
合金杂质成色
v

v
v
v





成
合金变硬损害

Silversmiths complied with these requests by melting the money
i
n
a
s
mall
furnaceadding
a
bi
t
o
f
c
opper to form
a
s
tronger alloy and casting the alloy
i
n
r
ectangular blocks

3
3
3
3 alkaloids
alkaloids
alkaloids
alkaloids
（
alkaloid
alkaloid
alkaloid
alkaloid
）
n
n
n
n
生物碱
adj
adj
adj
adj
生物碱

The success
o
f
t
he Colorado beetle
i
n
i
nfesting potatoes for example seems to be
correlated with its high tolerance to alkaloids that normally repel potential pests

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：
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3
3
3
3 algae
algae
algae
algae [
[
[
[
5AldVi
5AldVi
5AldVi
5AldVi
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
藻类

These unassignable animals include
a
l
arge swimming predator called Anomalocaris
and
a
s
oftbodied animal called Wiwaxia which ate detritus or algae

3
3
3
3 aircraft
aircraft
aircraft
aircraft [
[
[
[
5eEkrBft
5eEkrBft
5eEkrBft
5eEkrBft
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
航空器

Many supersonic aircraft have
a
s
imilar needle at the nose

3
3
3
3 aggravating
aggravating
aggravating
aggravating
[
[
[
[
5A^rEveItIN
5A^rEveItIN
5A^rEveItIN
5A^rEveItIN
]
]
]
]
adj
adj
adj
adj
恶化加重
(
(
(
(
口语
)
)
)
)
恼

One cognitive theory suggests that aggravating and painful events trigger unpleasant
feelings
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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Toefl
Toefl
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Toefl
词汇红宝书
154
154
154
154
t
he back and sides
o
f
t
he auditorium

3
3
3
3 attests
attests
attests
attests
（
attest[
attest[
attest[
attest[
E5test
E5test
E5test
E5test
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
证
实

That attests to the chemically corrosive nature
o
f
s
alt but
i
t
i
s not the way salt destroys
rocks

3
3
3
3 astounding
astounding
astounding
astounding [
[
[
[
E`staJndIN
E`staJndIN
E`staJndIN
E`staJndIN
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
令惊骇

In July
o
f
1994
a
n
a
stounding series
o
f
e
vents took place

3
3
3
3 assure
assure
assure
assure [
[
[
[
E5FJE
E5FJE
E5FJE
E5FJE
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
担
保保证

Nesting material should be added
i
n
s
ufficient amounts to avoid both extreme
temperature situations mentioned above and assure that the eggs have
a
s
oft
secureplace to rest

3
3
3
3 ascending
ascending
ascending
ascending [
[
[
[
E5sendIN
E5sendIN
E5sendIN
E5sendIN
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
升

Then to connect the pueblos and to give access to the surrounding tableland the
architects laid out
a
s
ystem
o
f
publ
ic roads with stone staircases for ascending cliff
faces

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3
3
3
3 arousal
arousal
arousal
arousal [
[
[
[
E5raJzEl
E5raJzEl
E5raJzEl
E5raJzEl
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
唤起

Selfperception
o
f
he
ightened arousal then leads to heightened emotional activity

3
3
3
3 arduous
arduous
arduous
arduous [
[
[
[
5BdjJEs
5BdjJEs
5BdjJEs
5BdjJEs
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
艰巨

In the past whole cities grew from the arduous task
o
f
c
utting and piling stone upon

3
3
3
3 aq
ueduct
aqueduct
aqueduct
aqueduct [
[
[
[
5AkwI7dQkt
5AkwI7dQkt
5AkwI7dQkt
5AkwI7dQkt
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
水渠

The agricultural potential
o
f
t
he area was enormous
i
f
w
ater for irrigation could be
found and the city founders had the vision and dating to obtain
i
t
by c
onstructing
a
225
m
ile aqueduct completed
i
n
1913 t
o tap the water
o
f
t
he Owens River

3
3
3
3 anticipated
anticipated
anticipated
anticipated
（
anticipate[
anticipate[
anticipate[
anticipate[
An5tIsIpeIt
An5tIsIpeIt
An5tIsIpeIt
An5tIsIpeIt
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
预
期预料

The most eagerly anticipated social events were the rural fairs Hundreds
o
f
m
en
women and children attended from far and near

3
3
3
3 antenna
antenna
antenna
antenna [
[
[
[
An5tenE
An5tenE
An5tenE
An5tenE
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
触角天线

The vapor
o
f
t
he evaporating pheromone over the trail guides
a
n
a
nt along the way
and the ant detects this signal with receptors
i
n
i
ts antennae

3
3
3
3 andes
andes
andes
andes n
n
n
n
安第斯山脉

All birds living today from the great condors
o
f
t
he Andes to the tiniest wrensrace
their origin back to the Mesozoic dinosaurs

3
3
3
3 alloy
alloy
alloy
alloy [
[
[
[
5AlCI
5AlCI
5AlCI
5AlCI
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
合金杂质成色
v

v
v
v





成
合金变硬损害

Silversmiths complied with these requests by melting the money
i
n
a
s
mall
furnaceadding
a
bi
t
o
f
c
opper to form
a
s
tronger alloy and casting the alloy
i
n
r
ectangular blocks

3
3
3
3 alkaloids
alkaloids
alkaloids
alkaloids
（
alkaloid
alkaloid
alkaloid
alkaloid
）
n
n
n
n
生物碱
adj
adj
adj
adj
生物碱

The success
o
f
t
he Colorado beetle
i
n
i
nfesting potatoes for example seems to be
correlated with its high tolerance to alkaloids that normally repel potential pests

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3
3
3
3 algae
algae
algae
algae [
[
[
[
5AldVi
5AldVi
5AldVi
5AldVi
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
藻类

These unassignable animals include
a
l
arge swimming predator called Anomalocaris
and
a
s
oftbodied animal called Wiwaxia which ate detritus or algae

3
3
3
3 aircraft
aircraft
aircraft
aircraft [
[
[
[
5eEkrBft
5eEkrBft
5eEkrBft
5eEkrBft
]
]
]
] n
n
n
n
航空器

Many supersonic aircraft have
a
s
imilar needle at the nose

3
3
3
3 aggravating
aggravating
aggravating
aggravating
[
[
[
[
5A^rEveItIN
5A^rEveItIN
5A^rEveItIN
5A^rEveItIN
]
]
]
]
adj
adj
adj
adj
恶化加重
(
(
(
(
口语
)
)
)
)
恼

One cognitive theory suggests that aggravating and painful events trigger unpleasant
feelings
老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
155
155
155
155
3
3
3
3 ad
orned
adorned
adorned
adorned
（
adorn[
adorn[
adorn[
adorn[
E5dCn
E5dCn
E5dCn
E5dCn
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
装
饰

Some pots were adorned with incised or stamped decorations

3
3
3
3 address
address
address
address [
[
[
[
E5dres
E5dres
E5dres
E5dres
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
演
说写姓名址
n
n
n
n
址演讲

Besides the stamp covered only delivery to the post office and did not include
carrying
i
t
t
o
a
pr
ivate address

3
3
3
3 acute
acute
acute
acute [
[
[
[
E5kjut
E5kjut
E5kjut
E5kjut
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
剧烈敏锐

Here the conversant＇s tone can consciously or unconsciously reflect intuitive
sympathy or antipathy lack
o
f
c
oncern or interest fatigue anxiety enthusiasm or
excitement
a
ll of
w
hich are usually discernible by the acute listener

高频仅篇文章中出现单词
：
34 pul
lman
n

卧
车
32 ki
netoscope


27 phl
ogiston adj
燃
素
25 f
ore


24 a
nasazi


21 pom
o


19
c
rossbill

18 hopewell

18 ekman

17 george

17 british


15 pl
overs
n

珩科
鸟
15 pakicetus

14 puget

14 proterozoic adj
原生
代

（
42
40
亿
年 前 ）
14
h
azen

14 f
reud
n

弗洛
伊德
13 scandinavian
n

斯
堪纳维亚
13 ichthyosaurs
n

鱼
龙
12 kestrel
n

茶
隼
11
r
ockingham

1
1
b
asilosaurus

1
1
a
mbulocetus

10
p
eepshow

10
c
o m a

9
v
audeville

9
f
lu k e

9
c
hallenger

名
9
b
illfishes

8 e
vans

8 caledonian

8
b
ladder

7 w
ales

名
7
t
ethys

7
s
igmund

7
s
howmen

7 shaman
n

萨满
教道士
7 mackerels
n

鲭

7 eusocial

7
b
uoyant

7
b
loodhound

6 v
arves

6
p
ulverization

6 m
utoscope

6 madder

6 levy

6 huckleberry

6 elk

6 carol

6 cannonball

6
blowhole

6 aviculturists

6 amish

5 warp 5 vitascope

5 trams

5 threshing

5 swordfish

5 sarah

5 santa

5 rosetta 5
p
angaea

5
n
atans

5
m
arlins

5
l
antern

5 ha
rp
s
ichord

5 e
verglades

5 dandelions

5 catharsis

5 appalachian

4 vascular

4 subarians

4
s
eismic

4 s
edge

4
s
ailfishes

4
p
eale

4 N
ew
O
rleans

4
n
ystatin

4
m
aryland

4 inca

4 igloos

4 hyphae

4 ford

4
dropstones

4 de
t
roit

4 c
lavichord

4 ammonia

3 zealand

3
w
ilton

3 v
irginians

3
t
ycho

3 t
ricycle
n

三轮
车
3 tempera

3 stump

3
s
treptomycin

3
s
ioux

3
s
emitic
闪
语族

闪
语
3
s
cuba

3 r
oy

3 providence
n

深
谋远虑天意
3
o
xen

3
o
liver

3 nul
larbor

3 ne
edlefish

3 nebraska

3 microwaves

3 michigan

3 luncheon
n

午
宴

3 l
inoleum
n

油
布
3 l
ancaster

3 labellum
兰
科植物唇瓣
3
j
amestown

3
i
bex

3
h
ampshir

3
h
alite

3
h
abilis

3 gushe
rs

3
g
azelles

3 e
mulsion
n

乳
状液
3
e
dmonton

3
c
lover

3 bur
in

3 bullrush

3 bonito

3 bluefin

3 bighorn

3 asthenosphere

3
arkansas

3 aragonite

3 alligator

7
天搞定托福单词？解问题少老师里姐
分享思路背单词

量次
书仅分
7

部分时候已强制性求位考友背单词紧盯着天背
3
页者
4
页背背
22
页然接时间段背
22
页然果毅力话背
44
页更许里时
候觉
背单词时候背错否手着书手边放
着
纸然单词疯狂写纸？果样话请托福
SAT
错误学方法盘点——听力篇老师原创
老师背单词法老师
系列会找正确背单词方法
^_^
书然已十次全盘反复修改工作耗时月时计
算然存着量疏漏错误程中问题请犹豫
立登陆
wwwibtsatcom

not
eacherwxl@gmailcom
发邮件反映问题老
师里您致谢
老师解留学界
老师解留学界
老师解留学界
老师解留学界老
师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇
红
宝书——
7
7
7
7
天搞定托福单词
老师
Blog
Blog
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Blog
：
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
wwwibtsatcom
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老师
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
Toefl
词汇红宝书
155
155
155
155
3
3
3
3 ad
orned
adorned
adorned
adorned
（
adorn[
adorn[
adorn[
adorn[
E5dCn
E5dCn
E5dCn
E5dCn
]
]
]
]
）
v

v
v
v
装
饰

Some pots were adorned with incised or stamped decorations

3
3
3
3 address
address
address
address [
[
[
[
E5dres
E5dres
E5dres
E5dres
]
]
]
]
v

v
v
v
演
说写姓名址
n
n
n
n
址演讲

Besides the stamp covered only delivery to the post office and did not include
carrying
i
t
t
o
a
pr
ivate address

3
3
3
3 acute
acute
acute
acute [
[
[
[
E5kjut
E5kjut
E5kjut
E5kjut
]
]
]
] adj
adj
adj
adj
剧烈敏锐

Here the conversant＇s tone can consciously or unconsciously reflect intuitive
sympathy or antipathy lack
o
f
c
oncern or interest fatigue anxiety enthusiasm or
excitement
a
ll of
w
hich are usually discernible by the acute listener

高频仅篇文章中出现单词
：
34 pul
lman
n

卧
车
32 ki
netoscope


27 phl
ogiston adj
燃
素
25 f
ore


24 a
nasazi


21 pom
o


19
c
rossbill

18 hopewell

18 ekman

17 george

17 british


15 pl
overs
n

珩科
鸟
15 pakicetus

14 puget

14 proterozoic adj
原生
代

（
42
40
亿
年 前 ）
14
h
azen

14 f
reud
n

弗洛
伊德
13 scandinavian
n

斯
堪纳维亚
13 ichthyosaurs
n

鱼
龙
12 kestrel
n

茶
隼
11
r
ockingham

1
1
b
asilosaurus

1
1
a
mbulocetus

10
p
eepshow

10
c
o m a

9
v
audeville

9
f
lu k e

9
c
hallenger

名
9
b
illfishes

8 e
vans

8 caledonian

8
b
ladder

7 w
ales

名
7
t
ethys

7
s
igmund

7
s
howmen

7 shaman
n

萨满
教道士
7 mackerels
n

鲭

7 eusocial

7
b
uoyant

7
b
loodhound

6 v
arves

6
p
ulverization

6 m
utoscope

6 madder

6 levy

6 huckleberry

6 elk

6 carol

6 cannonball

6
blowhole

6 aviculturists

6 amish

5 warp 5 vitascope

5 trams

5 threshing

5 swordfish

5 sarah

5 santa

5 rosetta 5
p
angaea

5
n
atans

5
m
arlins

5
l
antern

5 ha
rp
s
ichord

5 e
verglades

5 dandelions

5 catharsis

5 appalachian

4 vascular

4 subarians

4
s
eismic

4 s
edge

4
s
ailfishes

4
p
eale

4 N
ew
O
rleans

4
n
ystatin

4
m
aryland

4 inca

4 igloos

4 hyphae

4 ford

4
dropstones

4 de
t
roit

4 c
lavichord

4 ammonia

3 zealand

3
w
ilton

3 v
irginians

3
t
ycho

3 t
ricycle
n

三轮
车
3 tempera

3 stump

3
s
treptomycin

3
s
ioux

3
s
emitic
闪
语族

闪
语
3
s
cuba

3 r
oy

3 providence
n

深
谋远虑天意
3
o
xen

3
o
liver

3 nul
larbor

3 ne
edlefish

3 nebraska

3 microwaves

3 michigan

3 luncheon
n

午
宴

3 l
inoleum
n

油
布
3 l
ancaster

3 labellum
兰
科植物唇瓣
3
j
amestown

3
i
bex

3
h
ampshir

3
h
alite

3
h
abilis

3 gushe
rs

3
g
azelles

3 e
mulsion
n

乳
状液
3
e
dmonton

3
c
lover

3 bur
in

3 bullrush

3 bonito

3 bluefin

3 bighorn

3 asthenosphere

3
arkansas

3 aragonite

3 alligator

7
天搞定托福单词？解问题少老师里姐
分享思路背单词

量次
书仅分
7

部分时候已强制性求位考友背单词紧盯着天背
3
页者
4
页背背
22
页然接时间段背
22
页然果毅力话背
44
页更许里时
候觉
背单词时候背错否手着书手边放
着
纸然单词疯狂写纸？果样话请托福
SAT
错误学方法盘点——听力篇老师原创
老师背单词法老师
系列会找正确背单词方法
^_^
书然已十次全盘反复修改工作耗时月时计
算然存着量疏漏错误程中问题请犹豫
立登陆
wwwibtsatcom

not
eacherwxl@gmailcom
发邮件反映问题老
师里您致谢
老师解留学界
老师解留学界
老师解留学界
老师解留学界

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