3. We live in and by the law. It makes us what we are: citizens and employees and doctors and spouses and people who own things. It is sword, shield, and menace: we insist on our wage, or refuse to pay our rent, or are forced to forfeit penalties, or are closed up in jail, all in the name of what our abstract and ethereal sovereign, the law, has decreed. And we argue about what it has decreed, even when the books are supposed to record its commands and directions are silent; we act then as if law had muttered it doom, too low to be heard distinctly. We are subjects of law’s empire, liegemen to its methods and ideals, bound in spirit while we debate what we must therefore do.
------Ronald Dworkin, Law’s Empire, 1986
52. 三、为什么重要?
“分析法学的任务就是分类,包括定义,谁能够对法律进行完美的分类,谁就能获得关于法律的完美的知识。” ——Gray
美国法典运动的著名代表人物菲尔德(David Dudley Field)在芝加哥大学法学院开学典礼上一篇题为《法律科学的性质及其重要性》的演讲中所言:“法律科学是防止司法正义不被践踏,不被滥用的最大的保障,如果司法判决仅仅取决于法官的意志和他对于正义的观念,我们的财产和生命就会受到反复无常的随意性很强的判决的威胁。"
萨维尼在其著名的《我们时代的立法和法理学的使命》一文中也强调:“由一种严格的科学的方法所保障的确定性才能根除任意专断(Arbitrary discretion is excluded by the certainty resulting from a strict scientific method)"。
53. 第二节、Jeremy Bentham
Jeremy Bentham was born a London attorney's son; he was educated at Westminster School and at the age of twelve was sent off to Oxford (Queen's College). From 1763, he studied law at Lincoln's Inn and was called to the bar in 1772. During 1776, Bentham brought out his first major work, A Fragment on Government.It was about this time, too, that Bentham was to become a friend with a powerful lord, Lord Shelburne (1737-1805). Apparently, through the auspices of Lord Shelburne, Bentham was able to take time, to travel and to write.
一个细小的、瞬息即逝的期望可以经常地从纯自然的环境中产生出来,而一个强烈而持久的期望,则只能来自于法律。——【英】边沁