科技英语写作注意事项
文体特点
清晰准确精练严密
1避免观渲染少带感情色彩词汇修辞手段做说理叙事清楚明白词造句简洁准确量行话文章读起科技文章韵味
2文章中结性表述必须实验性验证否少肯定性语言
二语言结构特色
1量名词化结构
科技问题求行文简洁表达客观容确切信息量强调存事实非某行
例：Archimedes first discovered the principle that water is displaced by solid bodies
Archimedes first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies
第二句中of displacement of water by solid bodies系名词化结构方面简化位语句方面强调displacement事实
科技英语表达客观规律量避免第二称外信息置句首
例：If you use firebricks round the walls of the boiler the heat loss can be considerably reduced
The heat loss can be considerably reduced by the use of firebricks round the walls of the boiler
2广泛动语句
英国利兹学John Swales统计科技英语中谓语少13动态（）
3非限定动词
科技文章求行文简练结构紧凑分词短语代定语句状语句分词独立结构代状语句列句定式短语代种句介词+动名词短语代定语句状语句样缩短句子较醒目
例Materials which are used for structural purposes are chosen so that they behave elastically in the environmental conditions
Materials to be used for structural purposes are chosen so as to behave elastically in the environmental conditions
4置定语
量置定语科技文章特点常见结构：
1）介词短语
The forces due to friction are called frictional forces
2）形容词形容词短语
In this factory the only fuel available is coal
In radiation thermal energy is transformed into radiant energy similar in nature to light
3）副词
The air outside pressed the side in
4）单分词保持较强动词意义
The results obtained must be checked
5）定语句
During construction problems often arise which require design changes
5常句型
科技英语中常干特定句型形成科技文体区文体标志 It…that…结构句型
动态结构句型
As结构句型
分词短语结构句型
省略句结构句型
6时态
科技文章里时间分析死死日历钟表时间准惯文章中真理否成立准著书写文写说明书拟报告总结等数现时部分容会时者现完成时
7长句
表达复杂概念逻辑严密结构紧凑科技文章中出现许长句
8复合词缩略词
量复合词缩略词科技文章特点复合词双词组合发展词组合缩略词趋意构词例某篇文作者仅该文中术语组成缩略词
例：fullenclosed 全封闭（双词合成形容词）
feedback 反馈（双词合成名词）
onandofftheroad 路面越野两（词合成形容词）
colorimeter 色度计（连字符复合词）
lab (laboratory) 实验室（裁剪式缩略词）
FM（frequency modulation）调频（首字母组成缩略词）
TELESAT (telecommunication satellite) 通信卫星（混合法构成缩略词）
三语言技巧
1指出前研究足目引导出研究重性？
1）通常叙述前成果However引导足：
However little information
little attention
little work
little data
little research
or few studies
few investigations
few researchers
few attempts
or no
none of these studies
has (have) been less
done on
focused on
attempted to
conducted
investigated
studied
(with respect to)
Previous research (studies records) has (have)
failed to consider
ignored
misinterpreted
neglected to
overestimated underestimated
misleaded
thus these previus results are
inconclisive misleading unsatisfactory questionable controversial（争议争）
Uncertainties (discrepancies) still exist
种引导般提出种新方法者种新方果研究方法方前样通面方式强调工作作：
However data is still scarce（稀缺缺乏）
Rare（少见）
less accurate
there is still dearth of （缺乏供应足）
We need to
aim to
have to
provide more documents
data
records
studies
increase the dataset
Further studies are still necessary
essential
强调研究重性般However前介绍研究问题反方面方面等：
A时间问题
果研究问题时间较新量提时间较老问题研究重性然说(However)时间尺度较新问题研究足
B物性研究手段问题
果应种新手段者研究方提出前较流行方法物
质性质然说研究方方法研究甚少
C研究区域问题
首先总结相邻区域者区域研究然强调区域研究足
D确定性
然前问题研究目前两种者更种观点种uncertanties ambiguities（非单值性）值进步澄清
F提出假设验证
果研究完全新没前工作进行种情况信说根提出程存种结果文证实种结果 We aim to test the feasibility (reliability) of the
It is hoped that the qutestion will be resolved (fall away) with our proposed
method (approach)
提出观点
We aim to
This paper reports on
provides results
extends the method
fo cuson
The purpose of this paper is to
Furthermore Moreover In addition we will also discuss
2提出观点时采取什样策略？
1）果观点篇文章新提出通常
We confirm that
2）信观点
We believe that
3）更通常情况数推断出定结
Results indicate infer suggest imply that
4）特情况
We put forward (discover observe) for the first time 强调创新
5）果提出观点完全肯定
We tentatively put forward (interrprete this to)
The results may be due to (caused by) attributed to rsulted from This is probably a consequence of
It seems that can account for (interpret) this
It is pisible that it stem from
3样写定义？
Xmeans
Signifies（意味着）
is considered to be
is taken to be
refers to（涉）
in this articlewill be taken to mean in this paperwill be used in the
in this essayfollowing sense
in this contextXwill be considered to be in physicswill refer to
for this purposewill be used in
4文章逻辑清楚办？
1）句子连贯句子间独立
常见连接词语 However also in addition consequently afterwards moreover Furthermorefurther although unlike in contrast
SimilarlyUnfortunately alternatively parallel results（行结果）In order to despite（然） For example Compared with other results thus therefore
连接词够观点表达层次更加明确
果叙述时间序事件者文献
早文献AA advocated it for the first time
接Then BB further demonstrated that
接Afterwards CC
果More recent studies by DD
果叙述两种观点截然分开
AA pput forward that
In contrast BB believe
or Unlike AA BB suggest
or On the contrary (表明前面观点错误果表明两种立观点in contrast) BB…
果两种观点相
AA suggest
Similarily alternatively BB
Or Also BB
or BB allso does
表示果者前关系
Consequently therefore as a result
表明递进关系furthermore further moreover in addition 写完段英文首先检查否较应连接词
2）段落整体逻辑
常叙述问题方面种情况定注意逻辑结构 首先第段明确告诉读者讨部份
Therefore there are three aspects of this problen have to be addressed
The first questuon involves
The second problem relates to
The thrid aspect deals with
面例子清晰观点逐层叙述者直接First Second ThirdFinally…然Furthermore in addition等补充说明
3）讨部份整体结构
标题较方法讨问题分片段
般第片段指出文章重数结补充说明部份放片段
定明白文章读者会分档次文章专业专业士读懂外定想办法更外专业读懂讨部份分两部份部份提出观点部份详细介绍程述样专业外士解文章观点较专业讨成黑箱子部份专业士进步研究
文章清楚第次提出概念时加括弧出较详细解释 果文章Abbreviation 两种方法加解决
A文章加AppendixAbreviation列表
B页面时出Abbreciation含义提醒读者
总写文章目读者读懂读清晰采取种措施方便读者 定注意绝全面否定前成果前结完全前工作起码尊重英文做工作credits文章出现非常negative评价：
Their results are wrong very questionable have no commensence etc 遇类情况婉转提出：
Their studies may be more reasonable if they had considered this situation Their results could be better convinced if they
Their conclusion may remain some uncertanties
5文足处说？
谓足包括容
1）研究问题点片面
It should be noted that this study has examined only
We concentrate (focus) on only
We have to point out that we do not
Some limitations of this study are
2）结足
The results do not imply
The results can not be used to determine
be taken as evidence of
Unfortunately we can not determien this from this data
Our results are lack of
指出足定次加强文重性
采取手段解决足者步研究伏笔 Notwithstading its limitation this tudy does suggest
However these problems culd be solved if we consdier
Despite its preliminary character this study can clearly indicate 中文说部份左右逢源审稿想问题提前交代时
表明已思考问题文章长度试验进度者试验手段制约暂时回答问题通建议问题研究中实现
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《香当网》用户分享的内容，不代表《香当网》观点或立场，请自行判断内容的真实性和可靠性！
该内容是文档的文本内容，更好的格式请下载文档
文体特点
清晰准确精练严密
1避免观渲染少带感情色彩词汇修辞手段做说理叙事清楚明白词造句简洁准确量行话文章读起科技文章韵味
2文章中结性表述必须实验性验证否少肯定性语言
二语言结构特色
1量名词化结构
科技问题求行文简洁表达客观容确切信息量强调存事实非某行
例：Archimedes first discovered the principle that water is displaced by solid bodies
Archimedes first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies
第二句中of displacement of water by solid bodies系名词化结构方面简化位语句方面强调displacement事实
科技英语表达客观规律量避免第二称外信息置句首
例：If you use firebricks round the walls of the boiler the heat loss can be considerably reduced
The heat loss can be considerably reduced by the use of firebricks round the walls of the boiler
2广泛动语句
英国利兹学John Swales统计科技英语中谓语少13动态（）
3非限定动词
科技文章求行文简练结构紧凑分词短语代定语句状语句分词独立结构代状语句列句定式短语代种句介词+动名词短语代定语句状语句样缩短句子较醒目
例Materials which are used for structural purposes are chosen so that they behave elastically in the environmental conditions
Materials to be used for structural purposes are chosen so as to behave elastically in the environmental conditions
4置定语
量置定语科技文章特点常见结构：
1）介词短语
The forces due to friction are called frictional forces
2）形容词形容词短语
In this factory the only fuel available is coal
In radiation thermal energy is transformed into radiant energy similar in nature to light
3）副词
The air outside pressed the side in
4）单分词保持较强动词意义
The results obtained must be checked
5）定语句
During construction problems often arise which require design changes
5常句型
科技英语中常干特定句型形成科技文体区文体标志 It…that…结构句型
动态结构句型
As结构句型
分词短语结构句型
省略句结构句型
6时态
科技文章里时间分析死死日历钟表时间准惯文章中真理否成立准著书写文写说明书拟报告总结等数现时部分容会时者现完成时
7长句
表达复杂概念逻辑严密结构紧凑科技文章中出现许长句
8复合词缩略词
量复合词缩略词科技文章特点复合词双词组合发展词组合缩略词趋意构词例某篇文作者仅该文中术语组成缩略词
例：fullenclosed 全封闭（双词合成形容词）
feedback 反馈（双词合成名词）
onandofftheroad 路面越野两（词合成形容词）
colorimeter 色度计（连字符复合词）
lab (laboratory) 实验室（裁剪式缩略词）
FM（frequency modulation）调频（首字母组成缩略词）
TELESAT (telecommunication satellite) 通信卫星（混合法构成缩略词）
三语言技巧
1指出前研究足目引导出研究重性？
1）通常叙述前成果However引导足：
However little information
little attention
little work
little data
little research
or few studies
few investigations
few researchers
few attempts
or no
none of these studies
has (have) been less
done on
focused on
attempted to
conducted
investigated
studied
(with respect to)
Previous research (studies records) has (have)
failed to consider
ignored
misinterpreted
neglected to
overestimated underestimated
misleaded
thus these previus results are
inconclisive misleading unsatisfactory questionable controversial（争议争）
Uncertainties (discrepancies) still exist
种引导般提出种新方法者种新方果研究方法方前样通面方式强调工作作：
However data is still scarce（稀缺缺乏）
Rare（少见）
less accurate
there is still dearth of （缺乏供应足）
We need to
aim to
have to
provide more documents
data
records
studies
increase the dataset
Further studies are still necessary
essential
强调研究重性般However前介绍研究问题反方面方面等：
A时间问题
果研究问题时间较新量提时间较老问题研究重性然说(However)时间尺度较新问题研究足
B物性研究手段问题
果应种新手段者研究方提出前较流行方法物
质性质然说研究方方法研究甚少
C研究区域问题
首先总结相邻区域者区域研究然强调区域研究足
D确定性
然前问题研究目前两种者更种观点种uncertanties ambiguities（非单值性）值进步澄清
F提出假设验证
果研究完全新没前工作进行种情况信说根提出程存种结果文证实种结果 We aim to test the feasibility (reliability) of the
It is hoped that the qutestion will be resolved (fall away) with our proposed
method (approach)
提出观点
We aim to
This paper reports on
provides results
extends the method
fo cuson
The purpose of this paper is to
Furthermore Moreover In addition we will also discuss
2提出观点时采取什样策略？
1）果观点篇文章新提出通常
We confirm that
2）信观点
We believe that
3）更通常情况数推断出定结
Results indicate infer suggest imply that
4）特情况
We put forward (discover observe) for the first time 强调创新
5）果提出观点完全肯定
We tentatively put forward (interrprete this to)
The results may be due to (caused by) attributed to rsulted from This is probably a consequence of
It seems that can account for (interpret) this
It is pisible that it stem from
3样写定义？
Xmeans
Signifies（意味着）
is considered to be
is taken to be
refers to（涉）
in this articlewill be taken to mean in this paperwill be used in the
in this essayfollowing sense
in this contextXwill be considered to be in physicswill refer to
for this purposewill be used in
4文章逻辑清楚办？
1）句子连贯句子间独立
常见连接词语 However also in addition consequently afterwards moreover Furthermorefurther although unlike in contrast
SimilarlyUnfortunately alternatively parallel results（行结果）In order to despite（然） For example Compared with other results thus therefore
连接词够观点表达层次更加明确
果叙述时间序事件者文献
早文献AA advocated it for the first time
接Then BB further demonstrated that
接Afterwards CC
果More recent studies by DD
果叙述两种观点截然分开
AA pput forward that
In contrast BB believe
or Unlike AA BB suggest
or On the contrary (表明前面观点错误果表明两种立观点in contrast) BB…
果两种观点相
AA suggest
Similarily alternatively BB
Or Also BB
or BB allso does
表示果者前关系
Consequently therefore as a result
表明递进关系furthermore further moreover in addition 写完段英文首先检查否较应连接词
2）段落整体逻辑
常叙述问题方面种情况定注意逻辑结构 首先第段明确告诉读者讨部份
Therefore there are three aspects of this problen have to be addressed
The first questuon involves
The second problem relates to
The thrid aspect deals with
面例子清晰观点逐层叙述者直接First Second ThirdFinally…然Furthermore in addition等补充说明
3）讨部份整体结构
标题较方法讨问题分片段
般第片段指出文章重数结补充说明部份放片段
定明白文章读者会分档次文章专业专业士读懂外定想办法更外专业读懂讨部份分两部份部份提出观点部份详细介绍程述样专业外士解文章观点较专业讨成黑箱子部份专业士进步研究
文章清楚第次提出概念时加括弧出较详细解释 果文章Abbreviation 两种方法加解决
A文章加AppendixAbreviation列表
B页面时出Abbreciation含义提醒读者
总写文章目读者读懂读清晰采取种措施方便读者 定注意绝全面否定前成果前结完全前工作起码尊重英文做工作credits文章出现非常negative评价：
Their results are wrong very questionable have no commensence etc 遇类情况婉转提出：
Their studies may be more reasonable if they had considered this situation Their results could be better convinced if they
Their conclusion may remain some uncertanties
5文足处说？
谓足包括容
1）研究问题点片面
It should be noted that this study has examined only
We concentrate (focus) on only
We have to point out that we do not
Some limitations of this study are
2）结足
The results do not imply
The results can not be used to determine
be taken as evidence of
Unfortunately we can not determien this from this data
Our results are lack of
指出足定次加强文重性
采取手段解决足者步研究伏笔 Notwithstading its limitation this tudy does suggest
However these problems culd be solved if we consdier
Despite its preliminary character this study can clearly indicate 中文说部份左右逢源审稿想问题提前交代时
表明已思考问题文章长度试验进度者试验手段制约暂时回答问题通建议问题研究中实现
文档香网(httpswwwxiangdangnet)户传
《香当网》用户分享的内容，不代表《香当网》观点或立场，请自行判断内容的真实性和可靠性！
该内容是文档的文本内容，更好的格式请下载文档
