英汉翻译笔记整理
第部分：数词译法
数字增减译法：
1句式特征：by＋名词＋较级＋than
The wire is by three inches longer than that one根导线根长3英寸
2句式特征：表示增减意义动词＋to+n译：增加减少
Metal cutting machines have been decreased to 50金属切割机已减少50台
二百分数增减表示法译法
1句式特征：表示增减意义动词＋％
The output value has increased 35产值增加35％
2句式特征：表示增减意义动词＋by＋％
Retail salses should rise by 8商品零售额应增加3％
The prime cost decreased by 60成减少60％
3句式特征：表示减少意义动词＋to+表示减少剩余数量
By using this newprocess the loss of metal was reduced to 20采种新工艺铁损失量减少20％
4句式特征：％＋ 较级 ＋than表示净增减数量
Retail sales are expected to be nine percent higher than last year年零售额年相增加9％
5句式特征：％ ＋ 较级 ＋ 名词表示净减数
The newtype machine wasted 10 percent engergy supplied 新型机械耗量净减10％
6句式特征：a + + increase表示净增数
There is a 20 increase of steel as compared with last year年相年钢产量净增20％
7句式特征：％+ (of) 名词（代词）表示净减数数字n译
The production cost is about 60 percent that of last year年产值仅年60％
8句式特征：＋up on over表示净增数
The grain output of last year in this province was 20 percent up on that of 1978年粮食产量1978年净增20％
第二部分 倍数增加表示法译法
汉语表示增加倍时英语倍数表示倍数需减译成增加n1倍表示净增加数果译成增加n倍原n倍译误
1句式特点：表示增加意义动词＋n times表示成倍增长译成增加N倍增加n1倍
注：1倍 once 2倍twice（double）3倍thrice（three times）
2句式特点：表示增加意义动词＋ｂｙ＋ n times该句式述相
3句式特点：表示增加意义动词＋to＋ n times表示增加N倍译成增加n1倍
4句式特点：表示增加意义动词＋by a factor of ＋ n times
5句式特点：表示增加意义动词＋较级＋by a factor of ＋ n times表示增加达倍数译成（长宽）N1倍
6句式特点：表示增加意义动词＋ n times＋较级＋than
7句式特点：表示增加意义动词＋ n times +adjadv +as
8句式特点：表示增加意义动词＋a ＋ n times(nfold) ＋increase表示增加N倍译成增加N－1倍
9句式特点：表示增加意义动词＋as + adjadv+ again as译成（长宽倍）
例子： Line A is as long again as line B A线B线长1倍
This machine turns half as fast again as that one台机器转动台机器快半倍
10句式特点：表示增加意义动词＋half as + adjadv+ again as译成（长宽半倍）
11 句式特点：double表示倍数译成等2倍增加1倍
12句式特点：treble表示倍数增加译成增加3倍增加2倍
13句式特点：quadruple表示倍数增加译成增加4倍增加3倍
第三部分 倍数减少表示方法
倍数减少英译时需倍数换算成分数成倍减少改译成减少1N减少N1N减少N倍改译成减少1N＋1减少NN+1
1句式特点：表示减少意义动词＋N times表示成N倍减少译成减少1N减少N1N
The length of laser tube was reduced ten times激光长度缩短十分九
2句式特点：表示减少意义动词＋by＋N times表示成N倍减少译成减少1N减少N1N
The bandwith was reduced by two times带宽减少二分
3句式特点：表示减少意义动词＋by a factor of + N times表示成N倍减少译成减少1N减少N1N
4句式特点：表示减少意义动词＋aN times(Nfold)+ reduction译成减少1N减少N1N
The principal advantage over the oldfashioned machine is a fourfold reduction in weight旧式机器特点重量减少四分三
5句式特点：表示减少意义动词＋N times＋as + adjadv 译成减少1N减少N1N
6句式特点：表示减少意义动词＋N times+ 较级＋ than表示减少N倍译成减少1N＋1减少1N＋1
The plastic container is five times lighter than that glass one塑料容器玻璃容器轻六分五
英语倍数句型译法
英语表示倍数增减倍数句型种样中 （文中句型②⑤⑥⑧（12） 等 见圈码）容易译错——原：英汉两语
表述倍数方面存着语言思维差异现常 英语倍数句型正确译法纳：
倍数增加
() A is n times as great（longmuch…）as B（①）
A is n times greater （longer more…）than B（②）
A is n times the size （length amount…）of B(③)
三句应译A（长度数量……）Bn倍[AB（长……）n1倍]
Eg This book is three times as long as （three times longer thanthree
times the length of ）that one
书篇幅书3倍（长两倍）
注：相象B明显时than（asof）B常省
（二）increase to n times（④）
increase n times／nfold（⑤）
increase by n times（⑥）
increase by a factor of n（⑦）
四式均应译：增加n倍（：增加n1倍）
Eg The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three times
as compared with last year
集成电路产量年增加两倍
Eg The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as against
l986．
化肥产量1986年增加4倍
Eg That can increase metabolic rates by two or three times
代谢率提高原2倍3倍（提高1倍2倍）
Eg The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four
漏电压增加3（增加原4倍）
注：类句型中increase常raisegrowgostep upmultiply等词代
（三）There is a nfold increasegrowth…（⑧）
应译：增加n倍（增n倍）句型形式：
Eg A record high increase in value of four times was reported
报道价值破记录增长3倍
（四）double (增加1倍）treble（增加2倍）quadruple（增加3倍）(⑨)
Eg The efficiency of the machines has been more than trebled or quadrupled．
机器效率已提高2倍3倍
（五）外英语中种again倍数词较倍数方法：
A is as much （largelong…）again as B（ A is twice as much （largelong…）as
B（⑩）
应译：AB（长……）1倍
A is half as much （large 1ong…)again as B
A is one and a half times as much （large 1ong…）as B（11）
应译AB（长……）半（AB倍半）
倍数减少
（）A is n times as small （lightslow…）as B（12）
A is n times smaller （lighter slower…) than B（13）
两句均应译：A（重量速度……）B1n[AB（轻慢……）（n1）n]
Eg The hydrogen atom is near1y l6 times as light as the oxygen atom
氢原子重量约氧原子116（氧原子约轻1516）
Eg This sort of membrane is twice thinner than ordinary paper
种薄膜普通纸张薄半（普通纸厚度12）
注：相象B明显时thanas B常省
（二）decrease n timesnfold （14）
decrease by n times（15）
decrease by a factor of n（16）
三式均译：减少1n[：减少(n1)n]
decrease常reduce shorten go／slow down等词代
Eg Switching time of the newtype transistor is shortened 3 times
新型晶体开关时间缩短13（缩短23）
Eg When the voltage is stepped up by ten times the strength of the current
is stepped down by ten times
电压升高9倍电流强度便降低910（90％）
Eg The equipment reduced the error probability by a factor of 5
该设备误差概率降低45
（三）There is a nfold decreasereduction…
应译：减1n [：减少（n1）n]（17）
句型形式
Eg A rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed．
发现迅速减少17
Eg The principal advantage of the products is a twofold reduction in
weight
产品优点重量减轻12
列倍数增减句型译法中难出：汉语 英语表述较倍数时什句 型（含倍数词again句型外）包括基础倍
数净增净减n倍净增 净减n1倍句型⑤③表示倍数增量句型④ 句型
(13)表示倍数差＝句型12decrease（by）
times应译减少23减少34
第四部分 动词动法
动词英语中词类中活跃成分动词直胆战心惊现介绍动法勉
1I slowly walked my horse up the hill慢慢带马山
2The ran the ship aground船开滩
3The swam their horses in the river马泅水渡河
4I laid myself down to rest my wearied limbs躺疲惫腿休息
5They rode out the storm安然渡风暴
实研究动词认握面宾语宾语物什样宾语欢迎网友探讨动词学研讨方法
第五部分 系宾语
1 I dreamed a strange dream
2He slept the sleep that knows no waking
3I have fought a good fight
系宾语附修饰形容词时通常换成态度副词
live a long life live long
live a happy life live happily
die a national death die nationally
die a violent death die by violence
二宾语动词语源意义相通视类
run a race run a course run one's career
fight a battle blow a gale strike a blow
ring a peal wreak one's vengeance
三it构成类型：
I am determined to fight it out决心奋斗底
He is starring it in the provinces巡回演出
We had to walk it in the rain雨行
Can't you swim it游？
四某熟语中系宾语省略look thanks look a look of thanks
He looked the thanks he could not express眼中现出言语法表达感谢
She left the room looking daggers at me短剑相刺目光着走出房间
五高级形容词省略系宾语
The lady was lerrorst(look)
She sang her sweest(song) to please him
第六部分 组词组
1all＋抽象名词抽象名词＋itself ＝ very + adj
He was all gentleness to her非常温存
To his superiors he is humility itself长辈极谦逊
分析：该结构原表示某种性质达极点种说法非常味含义时甚译化身具体化普通复数名词all表达种概念
He is all smiles味笑
She is all eyes盯着
I am all anxiety真担心
He is all attention全神贯注听着
2Something (much) of nothing (little) of
MrLi is something of a philospher李先生略具哲学家风范
Mr Wu is nothing of a musician吴先生全音乐家风味
Mr Lu is very much of a poet陆先生诗气派
MrLiu is little of a scholar刘先生学者风度
分析：表示程度形容词短语时作副词翻译
Something of ＝to some extent（某程度）问句条件句中anyting of（略少）nothing of译作全毫
相类似情况：
to be something of to have something of + 名词＋in ＋代名词
He is nothing in ability of an orator He has nothing of an orator in his ability毫演说家
类名词法处理副词
He has seen something of life略具阅历稍阅世
Something of something like区：程度差异
something like ＝ something approximateing in character or amount指数量性质略事物作somewhat(似略微)解释
This is something like a pudding物略似布丁
It shaped something like a cigar形状略似雪茄
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英汉翻译笔记整理
第部分：数词译法
数字增减译法：
1句式特征：by＋名词＋较级＋than
The wire is by three inches longer than that one根导线根长3英寸
2句式特征：表示增减意义动词＋to+n译：增加减少
Metal cutting machines have been decreased to 50金属切割机已减少50台
二百分数增减表示法译法
1句式特征：表示增减意义动词＋％
The output value has increased 35产值增加35％
2句式特征：表示增减意义动词＋by＋％
Retail salses should rise by 8商品零售额应增加3％
The prime cost decreased by 60成减少60％
3句式特征：表示减少意义动词＋to+表示减少剩余数量
By using this newprocess the loss of metal was reduced to 20采种新工艺铁损失量减少20％
4句式特征：％＋ 较级 ＋than表示净增减数量
Retail sales are expected to be nine percent higher than last year年零售额年相增加9％
5句式特征：％ ＋ 较级 ＋ 名词表示净减数
The newtype machine wasted 10 percent engergy supplied 新型机械耗量净减10％
6句式特征：a + + increase表示净增数
There is a 20 increase of steel as compared with last year年相年钢产量净增20％
7句式特征：％+ (of) 名词（代词）表示净减数数字n译
The production cost is about 60 percent that of last year年产值仅年60％
8句式特征：＋up on over表示净增数
The grain output of last year in this province was 20 percent up on that of 1978年粮食产量1978年净增20％
第二部分 倍数增加表示法译法
汉语表示增加倍时英语倍数表示倍数需减译成增加n1倍表示净增加数果译成增加n倍原n倍译误
1句式特点：表示增加意义动词＋n times表示成倍增长译成增加N倍增加n1倍
注：1倍 once 2倍twice（double）3倍thrice（three times）
2句式特点：表示增加意义动词＋ｂｙ＋ n times该句式述相
3句式特点：表示增加意义动词＋to＋ n times表示增加N倍译成增加n1倍
4句式特点：表示增加意义动词＋by a factor of ＋ n times
5句式特点：表示增加意义动词＋较级＋by a factor of ＋ n times表示增加达倍数译成（长宽）N1倍
6句式特点：表示增加意义动词＋ n times＋较级＋than
7句式特点：表示增加意义动词＋ n times +adjadv +as
8句式特点：表示增加意义动词＋a ＋ n times(nfold) ＋increase表示增加N倍译成增加N－1倍
9句式特点：表示增加意义动词＋as + adjadv+ again as译成（长宽倍）
例子： Line A is as long again as line B A线B线长1倍
This machine turns half as fast again as that one台机器转动台机器快半倍
10句式特点：表示增加意义动词＋half as + adjadv+ again as译成（长宽半倍）
11 句式特点：double表示倍数译成等2倍增加1倍
12句式特点：treble表示倍数增加译成增加3倍增加2倍
13句式特点：quadruple表示倍数增加译成增加4倍增加3倍
第三部分 倍数减少表示方法
倍数减少英译时需倍数换算成分数成倍减少改译成减少1N减少N1N减少N倍改译成减少1N＋1减少NN+1
1句式特点：表示减少意义动词＋N times表示成N倍减少译成减少1N减少N1N
The length of laser tube was reduced ten times激光长度缩短十分九
2句式特点：表示减少意义动词＋by＋N times表示成N倍减少译成减少1N减少N1N
The bandwith was reduced by two times带宽减少二分
3句式特点：表示减少意义动词＋by a factor of + N times表示成N倍减少译成减少1N减少N1N
4句式特点：表示减少意义动词＋aN times(Nfold)+ reduction译成减少1N减少N1N
The principal advantage over the oldfashioned machine is a fourfold reduction in weight旧式机器特点重量减少四分三
5句式特点：表示减少意义动词＋N times＋as + adjadv 译成减少1N减少N1N
6句式特点：表示减少意义动词＋N times+ 较级＋ than表示减少N倍译成减少1N＋1减少1N＋1
The plastic container is five times lighter than that glass one塑料容器玻璃容器轻六分五
英语倍数句型译法
英语表示倍数增减倍数句型种样中 （文中句型②⑤⑥⑧（12） 等 见圈码）容易译错——原：英汉两语
表述倍数方面存着语言思维差异现常 英语倍数句型正确译法纳：
倍数增加
() A is n times as great（longmuch…）as B（①）
A is n times greater （longer more…）than B（②）
A is n times the size （length amount…）of B(③)
三句应译A（长度数量……）Bn倍[AB（长……）n1倍]
Eg This book is three times as long as （three times longer thanthree
times the length of ）that one
书篇幅书3倍（长两倍）
注：相象B明显时than（asof）B常省
（二）increase to n times（④）
increase n times／nfold（⑤）
increase by n times（⑥）
increase by a factor of n（⑦）
四式均应译：增加n倍（：增加n1倍）
Eg The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three times
as compared with last year
集成电路产量年增加两倍
Eg The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as against
l986．
化肥产量1986年增加4倍
Eg That can increase metabolic rates by two or three times
代谢率提高原2倍3倍（提高1倍2倍）
Eg The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four
漏电压增加3（增加原4倍）
注：类句型中increase常raisegrowgostep upmultiply等词代
（三）There is a nfold increasegrowth…（⑧）
应译：增加n倍（增n倍）句型形式：
Eg A record high increase in value of four times was reported
报道价值破记录增长3倍
（四）double (增加1倍）treble（增加2倍）quadruple（增加3倍）(⑨)
Eg The efficiency of the machines has been more than trebled or quadrupled．
机器效率已提高2倍3倍
（五）外英语中种again倍数词较倍数方法：
A is as much （largelong…）again as B（ A is twice as much （largelong…）as
B（⑩）
应译：AB（长……）1倍
A is half as much （large 1ong…)again as B
A is one and a half times as much （large 1ong…）as B（11）
应译AB（长……）半（AB倍半）
倍数减少
（）A is n times as small （lightslow…）as B（12）
A is n times smaller （lighter slower…) than B（13）
两句均应译：A（重量速度……）B1n[AB（轻慢……）（n1）n]
Eg The hydrogen atom is near1y l6 times as light as the oxygen atom
氢原子重量约氧原子116（氧原子约轻1516）
Eg This sort of membrane is twice thinner than ordinary paper
种薄膜普通纸张薄半（普通纸厚度12）
注：相象B明显时thanas B常省
（二）decrease n timesnfold （14）
decrease by n times（15）
decrease by a factor of n（16）
三式均译：减少1n[：减少(n1)n]
decrease常reduce shorten go／slow down等词代
Eg Switching time of the newtype transistor is shortened 3 times
新型晶体开关时间缩短13（缩短23）
Eg When the voltage is stepped up by ten times the strength of the current
is stepped down by ten times
电压升高9倍电流强度便降低910（90％）
Eg The equipment reduced the error probability by a factor of 5
该设备误差概率降低45
（三）There is a nfold decreasereduction…
应译：减1n [：减少（n1）n]（17）
句型形式
Eg A rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed．
发现迅速减少17
Eg The principal advantage of the products is a twofold reduction in
weight
产品优点重量减轻12
列倍数增减句型译法中难出：汉语 英语表述较倍数时什句 型（含倍数词again句型外）包括基础倍
数净增净减n倍净增 净减n1倍句型⑤③表示倍数增量句型④ 句型
(13)表示倍数差＝句型12decrease（by）
times应译减少23减少34
第四部分 动词动法
动词英语中词类中活跃成分动词直胆战心惊现介绍动法勉
1I slowly walked my horse up the hill慢慢带马山
2The ran the ship aground船开滩
3The swam their horses in the river马泅水渡河
4I laid myself down to rest my wearied limbs躺疲惫腿休息
5They rode out the storm安然渡风暴
实研究动词认握面宾语宾语物什样宾语欢迎网友探讨动词学研讨方法
第五部分 系宾语
1 I dreamed a strange dream
2He slept the sleep that knows no waking
3I have fought a good fight
系宾语附修饰形容词时通常换成态度副词
live a long life live long
live a happy life live happily
die a national death die nationally
die a violent death die by violence
二宾语动词语源意义相通视类
run a race run a course run one's career
fight a battle blow a gale strike a blow
ring a peal wreak one's vengeance
三it构成类型：
I am determined to fight it out决心奋斗底
He is starring it in the provinces巡回演出
We had to walk it in the rain雨行
Can't you swim it游？
四某熟语中系宾语省略look thanks look a look of thanks
He looked the thanks he could not express眼中现出言语法表达感谢
She left the room looking daggers at me短剑相刺目光着走出房间
五高级形容词省略系宾语
The lady was lerrorst(look)
She sang her sweest(song) to please him
第六部分 组词组
1all＋抽象名词抽象名词＋itself ＝ very + adj
He was all gentleness to her非常温存
To his superiors he is humility itself长辈极谦逊
分析：该结构原表示某种性质达极点种说法非常味含义时甚译化身具体化普通复数名词all表达种概念
He is all smiles味笑
She is all eyes盯着
I am all anxiety真担心
He is all attention全神贯注听着
2Something (much) of nothing (little) of
MrLi is something of a philospher李先生略具哲学家风范
Mr Wu is nothing of a musician吴先生全音乐家风味
Mr Lu is very much of a poet陆先生诗气派
MrLiu is little of a scholar刘先生学者风度
分析：表示程度形容词短语时作副词翻译
Something of ＝to some extent（某程度）问句条件句中anyting of（略少）nothing of译作全毫
相类似情况：
to be something of to have something of + 名词＋in ＋代名词
He is nothing in ability of an orator He has nothing of an orator in his ability毫演说家
类名词法处理副词
He has seen something of life略具阅历稍阅世
Something of something like区：程度差异
something like ＝ something approximateing in character or amount指数量性质略事物作somewhat(似略微)解释
This is something like a pudding物略似布丁
It shaped something like a cigar形状略似雪茄
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