北京颐园英文导游辞
The tour will take 46 hours The route is as follows
Out side the East Gateside the East Gate Cin front of the Hall of benevolence and Longevity in front of Garden of Virtuous Harmonyin front of the Grand Theater Building a lakeside walk from the Garden of Virtuous Harmony to the Hall o Jade Ripples in front of the o Jade Ripples in front of the Yiyunguan (Chamber of Mortal Being)Hall of happiness and longevity in front of the Yaoyue (Chamber of Mortal Beings)Hall of Happiness and Longevityin front of the Yaoyue(Inviting the Moon ) Gate of the Long Corridor strolling along the Long Corridor visiting an exhibition of cultural relics in front of the Hall of Dispelling Clouds inside the Hall of Dispelling Clouds atop the Tower of Buddhist Incense on a hilltop leading from the back door of the Tower of Buddhist Incense on a hilltop leading from the back door of the Tower of Buddhist Incense inside the Garden of Harmonious Interest Coutside the south gate to Suzhou Shopping Street atop the stone bridge inside the Suzhou shopping street Con the road from the south gate of suzhou shopping street on the road form the south gate of suzhou shopping street to the marble boat in front of the ruins of the Garden of complete spring Calong the lakeside by the marble boatboating on the Kunming Lakeleaving out through the East Gate
(Out side the east gate)
Ladies and Gentlemen Welcome to the Summer Palace (After the selfintroduction of the guide interpreter) I hope this will be an interesting and enjoyable day for you
During our tour you will be introduced to time honored historical and cultural traditions as well as picturesque views and landscapes
The construction of the Summer Palace first started in 1750 At that time the Qing Dynasty was in its heyday and China was a powerful Asian country with vast territories The monarch in power then was Emperor Qianlong With supreme power and large sums of money he summoned skillful and ingenious artisans from all over the country to carry out this construction work in honor of his mother `s birthday After 15 years and one seventh of the nation` s annual revenue spent the Garden of Clear Ripples was completed and served as a testimony to China` s scientific and technological achievements In 1860 this vast royal garden was burnt down along with the Yuanming Yuan (Garden of Perfection and Brightness) by AngolFrench allied forces In 1888 Empress Dowager Cixi reconstructed the garden on the same site and renamed it the Garden of Nurtured Harmony (Summer Palace) Characterized by its vast scope and rich cultural embodiments the Summer Palace has become one of the most famous tourist sites in the world
This is the main entrance to the Summer Palacethe East Gate On top of the eaves of the door there is a plaque bearing a Chinese inscription which means Garden of Nurtured Harmony whose calligrapher was Emperor Guangxu The gate that you are now entering was used exclusively by the emperor the empress and the queer mother All others used the side doors
(Inside the East Gate)
the Summer Palace can be divided into two parts Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake The whole garden covers an area of 290 hectares of whih three fourths consists of a lake and rivers This imperial garden features 3000 roomunits and covers an expanse of 70000 square meters with more than 100 picturesque spots of interest The layout of the Summer Palace includes three groups of architectures palaces where the emperor attended to state affairs resting palaces of the emperor and empress and sightseeing areas Entering the East Gate we will come the the office quarters Entering the East gate we will come to the office quarters The annex halls on both sides were used for officials on duty
This is the Gate of Benevolence and Longevity Above the door there is a plaque bearing the same name in both Chinese and Manchurian characters The gigantic rock in the foreground is known as Taihu rock or eroded limestone quarried in Jiangsu Province and placed here to decorated the garden
On the marble terrace sits a bronze mythical beast known as Qilin or Xuanni It was said to the one of the nine sons of Dragon King A point of peculiar interest is that it has the head of a dragon antlers of a deer the tail of a lion and hooves of a ox and is covered with a unique skin IT was considered an auspicious creature that brought peace and prosperity
This grand hall is the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity It was built in 1750 and was known as the Hall of Industrious Government Emperor Qianlong ruled that the halls where monarchs attended to state affairs would be named after them After the rebuilding of the Summer Palace the hall was renamed suggesting that benevolent rulers would enjoy long lives
The arrangement of the hall has been left untouched In the middle of the hall stands a throne made of sandalwood and carved with beautiful designs In the background there is a screen carved with nine frolicking dragons On either side of the throne there are two big fans made of peacock feathers two columnshaped incense burners craneshaped lanterns and an incense burner assuming the form of Luduan a mythological animal which was suppose to have the power to prevent fire The small chambers on eight side were where the Emperor Qianlong and Empress Dowager Cixi rested and met officials on formal occasions
On the verandah in the foreground of the hall there are bronze statues of dragon and phoenixes which served as incense burners on major occasions They are hollow and smoke comes through holes on their backs Also on the veranda are Tai Ping (Peace) bronze water vats made during the reign of Emperor Qianlong As a precaution in case of fire a fire was lit underneath the vats in the winter to keep the water in them from freezing
(At the entrance of Garden of Virtuous Harmony)
we are now visiting the Garden of Virtuous Harmony where Emperor Qianlong and Empress Dowager Cixi were entertained with Beijing Opera performances IT mainly consists of the Dressing House The Grand Theater Building and the Hall of pleasure smiles The grand Theater Building known as the Cradle of Beijing Opera was uniquely laid out and magnificently decorated On September 10 1984 the Garden of Virtuous Harmony opened its doors to visitors There are also 7 exhibition halls with articles of daily use on display here The staff here put up court dresses of Qing Dynasty in order to give the visitor a more vivid impression
(In front of the Grand Theater Building)
this building is 21 meters in height and 17 meters in width and features three tiers of tilted eaves and stages All of the stages are connected to a raise and a winch is installed at the top A well and 5 ponds were sunk under the ground stage There are trapdoors in the ceiling for fairies to descend as well as on the floor for demons to surface The underground passages also served as a means of improving resonance and making the performers` voices more audible Of the three main theater building of the Qing Dynasty the Grand Theater Building is the tallest and the largest The other two are Changyin (Fluent Voice ) Pavilion in Chengde an imperial summer resort The building played a major part in fostering the birth and development of Beijing opera since the completion of the Grand Theater Building many performances were held in it in honor of the Empress Dowager Cixi
(A lakeside walk from the Garden of Virtuous Harmony to the Hall of Jade Ripples)
we are now standing in the middle of a rockery behind the Hall of Benevolent and longevity It appears that there` s nothing special ahead However after we clear the rockery we will reach Kunming Lake This is a application of a specific style of Chinese gardening
Not far away in the lake there is a islet It is filled with peach and weeping willow trees and serves as a ideal place to appreciate the scenery The pavilion on the islet is called Zhichun (Understanding Spring) Pavilion and is chardcterized by four edged multiple eaved roofs
(In front of the Hall of Jade Ripples)
this group of special and quiet courtyard dwelling is the Hall of jade Ripples It was first used by Emperor Qianlong to attend to state affairs IT was also where Emperor Guangxu of the late Qing dynasty was kept under house arrest
This hall is a hallmark of the Reform Movement of 1898 Emperor Guanxu was Empress Dowager Cixi` s nephew After Emperor Tongzhi died Empress Dowager Cixi made her nephew who was at that time four years old a successor in order to continue her wielding of power behind the scenes When Emperor Guanxu was 19 years old Empress Dowager Cixi relinquished power to him but continued to exert considerable influence In 1898 the Reform Movement took place with the aim of sustaining the corn principles of the Qing Dynasty while reforming outdated laws The movement lasted for 103 days until it was suppressed by Empress Dowager Cixi The emperor` s six earnest reformists were beheaded and Emperor Guangxu was placed under house arrest which lasted for 10 years All the back doors were sealed and a brick was was put up behind the wooden partition on each side of the two annexes of the courtyard Emperor Guangxu was closely watched by eunuchs The wall remains intact for tourists to see Dynasty while reforming outdated laws The movement lasted for 103 days until it was suppressed by Empress Dowager Cixi The emperor` s six earnest reformists were beheaded and Emperor Guangxu was placed under house arrest which lasted for 10 years All the back doors were sealed and a brick was was put up behind the wooden partition on each side of the two annexes of the courtyard Emperor Guangxu was closely watched by eunuchs The wall remains intact for tourists to see
(In front of Yiyunguan (Chamber of Mortal Beings)
this was where Empress and empress dowager of China` s feudal system However Emperor Guanxu was not the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty The last in the line was Emperor Puyi who ascended the throne in 1908 at the age of three too young to be married In 1912 he was forced to abdicate During the short reign of Emperor Puyi Empress Longyu handled state affairs on his behalf in the name of Empress Dowager In 1911 a revolution led by Dr Sun Yatsun succeeded and the year after Empress Longyu announced the abdication of the last emperor of China
(In the Hall of Happiness and Longevity)
the aged empress Dowager Cixi was so fond of the Summer Palace that she decided to live here from April through October of every year This group of buildings served as her residence
This group of courtyard dwellings consists of a forecourt and a backyard with annex courts on each side The whole compound was basically made of wood which is ideal for ventilation and lighting With its quiet and tasteful layout the Hall of Happiness and Longevity made life very easy and convenient No wonder one of Empress Dowager Cixi` s pleasure boat On the pier there is a tall lantern post Flanking the staircase leading to the main entrance of the hall there are bronze cranes deer and vases symbolizing universal peace The interior layout is the same as the imperial court with throne a large table and incense burners placed in the middle At mealtime eunuchsin Cwaiting would make a gigantic table out of this table and Empress Dowager Cixi would dine on 128 courses Because of this more than 1800 tales of silver would be spent each month on meals On the east side of the Living Room is the Cloak Room The bedroom in on its west
In front of the yaoyue (Inviting the Moon ) Gate of the Long Corridor
The famed Long Corridor is ahead Facing Kunming lake and in the foreground of Longevity Hill the Long Corridor stretches from Yaoyue (Inviting the Moon ) Gate to Shizhang (Stony Old Man) Pavilion IT is 728 meters in length and consist of 273 sections and connects four octagonal pavilions In 1990 it was listed in Guinness Book of World Records
(Strolling along the Long Corridor)
The Long Corridor is one of the major structures of the Summer Palace Since the corridor was designed to follow the physical features of the southern slope of Longevity Hill four multipleeaved octagonal pavilions (BeautyRetaining Pavilion Enjoythe Ripples Pavilion Autumn Water Pavilion and Clarity Distance Pavilion) were placed at bends and undulation Thus sightseers will hardly notice the rise and fall of the terrain As a major part of the architectural style of the Summer Palace the Long Corridor serves as an ingenious connector between the Lake and the hill Scattered buildings on the southern slope were linked to creat a unified complex
This corridor can also be called a corridor of paintings There are more than 14000 paintings on its beams Some of them are of birds flowers and landscapes of the West lake in Hangzhou Zhejian Province Others present scenes from literary classics The majority of the landscape painting were done under the order of Emperor Qianlong who preperred the scenery of South China
(By the door leading to the exhibition of cultural relics)
this group of templeshaped structures are known as Qinghua (Clarified China) Hall also known as Arhat Hall during the reign of Emperor Qianlong The original hall burned down in 1860 After it was reconstructed it was renamed
Qinghua Hall is now used as a exhibition hall displaying rare cultural relics collected in the Summer Palace The hall consists of 6 exhibition rooms with tens of thousands of articles of treasure on display in turn Among the exhibits there are bronze ware porcelain jade assemblages from the Ming and Qing dynasties and rare and paintings There is also a gigantic stone slab which is more than 3 meters in height and width It bears the handwritten inscriptions of Emperor Qianlong is commemoration of the suppression of a rebellion in the Xinjiang region Only this slab survived when the AngleFrench allied forces set fire to the Summer Palace
(In front of the Gate of Dispelling Clouds)
Now we are approaching the central part of the structures on the lakeside slope the Tower of Buddhist Incense within the Hall of Dispelling Clouds The Hall of Dispelling Clouds was where numerous palatines kowtowed to Empress Dowager Cixi It was surrounded by galleries and flanked by annex halls In the forecourt there is a pool and marble bridges Starting from the lakeside there lies in succession a memorial archway the Gate of Dispelling Clouds the Hall of Dispelling Clouds and the Tower of Buddhist Incense All of these structures are built on a central axis and each is taller than its predecessor This was designed to give prominence to the last structure the Tower of Buddhist Incense which was a symbol of imperial power The layout of this group of architectures was based on scenes described in Buddhist sutras This group of structure are among the most magnificently constructed here in the Summer Palace
(Inside the Hall of Dispelling Clouds)
The original buildings on this site were burned down by the AngloFrench allied forces in 1860 A new set of structures was built during the reign of Emperor Guanxu and was called the Hall of Dispelling Clouds suggesting that it was a fairyland
The hall was built on a high terrace and has 21 room Inside the hall are a throne screens tripods and mandarin fans On a platform you will see bronze dragons phoenixes and tripods At the foot of the platform there are four bronze water vats the ancient form of fire extinguishers
The 10th day of lunar October was Empress Dowager Cixi` s birthday On that day she sat on the throne here to receive congratulations and gifts
Now we are going to pay a visit to the highlight of the Summer Palace the Tower of Buddhist Incense What we are now standing on is a stone terrace which is 20 meters in height It has a semi housed stairway of 100 steps you will live for 100 years So let` s go
(In the front of the Tower of Buddhist Incense)
An octagonal structure with three storeys and quadruple eaves the Tower of Buddhist Incense is the very center of the Summer Palace and is one of the masterpieces of ancient Chinese architecture The tower is 41 meters in height and is buttressed by 8 solid pillars made of lignumvitae logs With its complex structure ingenious layout towering terrace and convincing grandeur the Tower of Buddhist Incense was artfully set out by the imperial gardens and beautiful scenery surrounding it The Tower overlooks Kunming Lake and other picturesque spots within an area of tens of kilometers On the west side of the Tower stands Baoyunge (Precious Cloud Pavilion) IT is made of bronze and is75 meters in height and 270 tons in weight It resembles its wooden counterparts in every detail It is one of the largest and most exquisite bronze pavilions still on existence in China Lamas prayed here during the reign of Emperor Qianlong in honor of the monarchs and their families At the turn of the century 10 bronze windows were spirited abroad In 1992 an American company bought the windows and returned them intact to China
(On a hilltop leading from the back door of Tower of Buddhist Incense)
Now we can see the long and snaking Western Causeway and a shorter dike that divides Kunming Lake into three areas that contain South Lake Island Seaweedviewing Island and circle city island The three island represent three mountain in ancient Chinese mythology i e penglai Fangzhang and Yingzhou This peculiar method of incorporating a lake a three mountains within a single garden was a brainchild of Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty more than 2000 years ago bearing testimony to feudal monarchs` s longing for longevity As the legend goes many heavenly elixirs grew on the three mythical islands Using artificial building techniques the ancient Chinese built this masterpiece based on the myth to make the mythical on appear to be accessible to humans
(Inside the Garden of Harmonious Interest)
Setting a garden within a larger garden has been one of China traditional architectural styles The Garden of Harmonious Interest serves as a fine example of this
This Garden was built under the order of Emperor Qianlong and modeled after the Jichang Garden (Garden of Ease of Mind )at the foot of Mount Huishan Jiansu Province IT was renamed by his son Emperor Jiaqing in 1811 The existing Garden was rebuilt by Emperor or Guangxu Empress Dowager Cixi used to go fishing here The Garden features 10 waterfront platforms pavilions and halls as well as hundreds of galleries
With all of its structures facing the lake and pools the Garden of Harmonious Interest is basically a garden of waterscape Spanning the vast expanse of the lake and pools are five bridges each quite different from the others The most famous of them is the bridge known as Knowing Cthe Fishingbridge IT is said that more than 2500 years ago during the Warring States Period two philosophere named Zhuang Zi had an interesting argument by the side of a pond
Zhang said Fish swim to and fro in the water What happy fish
Hui asked You are not a fish How do you know they are happy
Zhuang replied You are not me How do you know I don’t know
Hui signed I am not you therefore I don’t know you And you are not a fish so how
do you know that fish are happy
Zhang said you ask me how I know fish are happy why do you keeping me the same question
Although The Garden of Harmonious Interest was designed after Jichang Garden it not only absorbed the original designs but exceeded it
(Outside the south entrance to Suzhou Shopping Street)
Now lets have a look at longevity Hill On the back slope of the Hill stands a group of architectures The centerpiece of structures there are known as the Four Continents and are dedicated to Buddhism This group was laid out and arranged in accordance with Buddhist cosmology Aside from a main shrine and structures embodying the Four Continents there are eight towers representing Minor Continents The shrine is surrounded by four Lamaist pagodas and between the major and minor continents there two platforms representing the sun and the moon
The Qing authority attached great importance to Buddhism To further strengthen ties with the ethnic minorities who practiced Buddhism the monarchs incorporated both Han and Tibetan styles of architecture into this group of temples
Further north at the foot of the Four Major Continent lies the Suzhou Shopping Street Built along the Back Lake of the Summer Palace this street stretches about 300 meters and features more than 60 stores It includes restaurants teahouses pawnshops banks drugstores dye houses and publishing houses In order to recreate the atmosphere of ancient times visitors will have the chance to exchange their money to ancient style Chinese coins for use here Storefronts are trimmed with traditional signboards and ornaments The commercial culture of the mid18th century has thus been recreated
(Atop the stone bridge inside the Suzhou Shopping Street)
visitors may be surprise to see that this shopping street is almost the same as that in South China As a matter of fact this street was designed after the shops along the canals in Suhzhou Originally known as Emperor` s Shopping Street it was built during the reign of Emperor Qianlong After making several inspection tours to South China and being duly impressed by its commercial prosperity Emperor Qianlong ordered the construction of this street
The imperial shopping street was burnt down by AngloFrench allied forces in 1860 The site remained desolated until 1987 when reconstruction began It was opened to the public in September 1990
With commercial culture as its hallmark the Suzhou Shopping Street is a vivid representation of China` s traditional cultures
(On the road from the south fate of the suzhou shopping street to the marble boat)
This is the hall of Pines From it to the west we can walk to the Marble Boat The path we aree taking stretches between Longevity Hill and Back Lake Monarchs and their cohorts used to stroll along it Hence it was named Central Imperial Path Along this path you will see lilacs all around Hence this road is also known as the Path of Lilac
(In front of the ruins of the Garden of complete spring)
Quite a few unique structures were burnt down during the reign of emperor Qianlong among which the Garden of Complete Spring was one of the most famous The ruined and desolate courtyard by the roadside was its original site it remains to be restored
This group of structures cover an area of 4000 square meters and features a number of halls built on three different levels All of the structures were connected with galleries and stone staircases With its natural and ingenious combination of pavilions a hall galleries and rooms the Garden of Complete Spring serves as a fine model for other gardens
Emperor Qianlong frequently visited this compound
(Along the lakeside by the Marble Boat)
Now we have returned from the back of Longevity Hill to the front There is the famous Marble Boat This structure is 36 meters in length and its body was made of marble On top of it is a two storeyed structure The floor was paved with colored bricks All of the windows are inlaid with multicolored glass and the ceiling was decorated with carved bricks The drainage system channels rain water down through four hollow concrete pillars and into the lake through the mouth of dragon heads
According to a book written by Emperor Qianlong the boat was used for enjoying the scenery and was supposed to be symbolic of the stability of the Qing Dynasty
Halfway up the slope there stands the Hall for listening to Orioles The ancient Chinese liken the warble of an oriole to beautiful songs and melodies hence the name of the hall which used to be a theater Now the hall is one of the most famous restaurants in China featuring imperial dishes and desserts It is a must for many foreign visitors to have lunch here when then come to Beijing More than one hundred heads of state worldwide have dined here and the late Premier Zhou Enlai has held banquets here in honor of state guests (Sightseers who want to try the restaurant can go boating after they eat Those who do not can go abroad right away Those who do not feel like taking the boat can stoll along the Long Corridor to the outside of the East Gate)
(Boating on Kunmin Lake)
we are now going to enjoy the lakeside scenery from a pleasure boat
As a main part of the Summer Palace Kunming Lake covers an area of 220 hectares or three fourths of the combined space of this summer resort This natural lake is more than 3500 years old
This lake was originally called Wengshan Lake In 1749 Emperor Qianlong ordered the construction of Qingyi Garden the predecessor of the Summer Palace Involving nearly 10000 laborers the lake was expanded and turned into a peachshaped reservoir the first of its kind for Beijing
From 1990 to 1991 the Beijing Municipal Government ordered the first dredging of the lake in 240 years Involving 200000 men and hundreds of dredgers and other tools a total of 625600 cubic meters of sludge was dredged and 205 bombs dropped by the Japanese during the AntiJapanese War were removed
The summer palace set a precedent for sightseeing by boat There used to be a large imperial flotilla of which the Kunming Merry Dragon was the most famous It was destroyed by the AngloFrench allied forces in 1860 To make the tour of the Summer Palace a more pleasant one a large pleasure boat Tai He (Supreme Harmony )was built This double Cdecked boat is 3709 meters long859 meters wide and 1049 meters high It can travel at a speed of 9 kilometer per hour Small pleasure boats are also available to tourist
Another major spot of interest on the Western causeway is Jingming (Bright View ) Hall Both its front and rear face the lake This structure also features three two storeyed halls of varying heights
Our tour is drawing to a close as we approach the shore Today we only visited the major scenic areas of the Summer Palace I have left other spot of interest for your next visit
I will show you out through the East Gate I hope you enjoyed today` s tour Thank you Goodbye and good luck
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The tour will take 46 hours The route is as follows
Out side the East Gateside the East Gate Cin front of the Hall of benevolence and Longevity in front of Garden of Virtuous Harmonyin front of the Grand Theater Building a lakeside walk from the Garden of Virtuous Harmony to the Hall o Jade Ripples in front of the o Jade Ripples in front of the Yiyunguan (Chamber of Mortal Being)Hall of happiness and longevity in front of the Yaoyue (Chamber of Mortal Beings)Hall of Happiness and Longevityin front of the Yaoyue(Inviting the Moon ) Gate of the Long Corridor strolling along the Long Corridor visiting an exhibition of cultural relics in front of the Hall of Dispelling Clouds inside the Hall of Dispelling Clouds atop the Tower of Buddhist Incense on a hilltop leading from the back door of the Tower of Buddhist Incense on a hilltop leading from the back door of the Tower of Buddhist Incense inside the Garden of Harmonious Interest Coutside the south gate to Suzhou Shopping Street atop the stone bridge inside the Suzhou shopping street Con the road from the south gate of suzhou shopping street on the road form the south gate of suzhou shopping street to the marble boat in front of the ruins of the Garden of complete spring Calong the lakeside by the marble boatboating on the Kunming Lakeleaving out through the East Gate
(Out side the east gate)
Ladies and Gentlemen Welcome to the Summer Palace (After the selfintroduction of the guide interpreter) I hope this will be an interesting and enjoyable day for you
During our tour you will be introduced to time honored historical and cultural traditions as well as picturesque views and landscapes
The construction of the Summer Palace first started in 1750 At that time the Qing Dynasty was in its heyday and China was a powerful Asian country with vast territories The monarch in power then was Emperor Qianlong With supreme power and large sums of money he summoned skillful and ingenious artisans from all over the country to carry out this construction work in honor of his mother `s birthday After 15 years and one seventh of the nation` s annual revenue spent the Garden of Clear Ripples was completed and served as a testimony to China` s scientific and technological achievements In 1860 this vast royal garden was burnt down along with the Yuanming Yuan (Garden of Perfection and Brightness) by AngolFrench allied forces In 1888 Empress Dowager Cixi reconstructed the garden on the same site and renamed it the Garden of Nurtured Harmony (Summer Palace) Characterized by its vast scope and rich cultural embodiments the Summer Palace has become one of the most famous tourist sites in the world
This is the main entrance to the Summer Palacethe East Gate On top of the eaves of the door there is a plaque bearing a Chinese inscription which means Garden of Nurtured Harmony whose calligrapher was Emperor Guangxu The gate that you are now entering was used exclusively by the emperor the empress and the queer mother All others used the side doors
(Inside the East Gate)
the Summer Palace can be divided into two parts Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake The whole garden covers an area of 290 hectares of whih three fourths consists of a lake and rivers This imperial garden features 3000 roomunits and covers an expanse of 70000 square meters with more than 100 picturesque spots of interest The layout of the Summer Palace includes three groups of architectures palaces where the emperor attended to state affairs resting palaces of the emperor and empress and sightseeing areas Entering the East Gate we will come the the office quarters Entering the East gate we will come to the office quarters The annex halls on both sides were used for officials on duty
This is the Gate of Benevolence and Longevity Above the door there is a plaque bearing the same name in both Chinese and Manchurian characters The gigantic rock in the foreground is known as Taihu rock or eroded limestone quarried in Jiangsu Province and placed here to decorated the garden
On the marble terrace sits a bronze mythical beast known as Qilin or Xuanni It was said to the one of the nine sons of Dragon King A point of peculiar interest is that it has the head of a dragon antlers of a deer the tail of a lion and hooves of a ox and is covered with a unique skin IT was considered an auspicious creature that brought peace and prosperity
This grand hall is the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity It was built in 1750 and was known as the Hall of Industrious Government Emperor Qianlong ruled that the halls where monarchs attended to state affairs would be named after them After the rebuilding of the Summer Palace the hall was renamed suggesting that benevolent rulers would enjoy long lives
The arrangement of the hall has been left untouched In the middle of the hall stands a throne made of sandalwood and carved with beautiful designs In the background there is a screen carved with nine frolicking dragons On either side of the throne there are two big fans made of peacock feathers two columnshaped incense burners craneshaped lanterns and an incense burner assuming the form of Luduan a mythological animal which was suppose to have the power to prevent fire The small chambers on eight side were where the Emperor Qianlong and Empress Dowager Cixi rested and met officials on formal occasions
On the verandah in the foreground of the hall there are bronze statues of dragon and phoenixes which served as incense burners on major occasions They are hollow and smoke comes through holes on their backs Also on the veranda are Tai Ping (Peace) bronze water vats made during the reign of Emperor Qianlong As a precaution in case of fire a fire was lit underneath the vats in the winter to keep the water in them from freezing
(At the entrance of Garden of Virtuous Harmony)
we are now visiting the Garden of Virtuous Harmony where Emperor Qianlong and Empress Dowager Cixi were entertained with Beijing Opera performances IT mainly consists of the Dressing House The Grand Theater Building and the Hall of pleasure smiles The grand Theater Building known as the Cradle of Beijing Opera was uniquely laid out and magnificently decorated On September 10 1984 the Garden of Virtuous Harmony opened its doors to visitors There are also 7 exhibition halls with articles of daily use on display here The staff here put up court dresses of Qing Dynasty in order to give the visitor a more vivid impression
(In front of the Grand Theater Building)
this building is 21 meters in height and 17 meters in width and features three tiers of tilted eaves and stages All of the stages are connected to a raise and a winch is installed at the top A well and 5 ponds were sunk under the ground stage There are trapdoors in the ceiling for fairies to descend as well as on the floor for demons to surface The underground passages also served as a means of improving resonance and making the performers` voices more audible Of the three main theater building of the Qing Dynasty the Grand Theater Building is the tallest and the largest The other two are Changyin (Fluent Voice ) Pavilion in Chengde an imperial summer resort The building played a major part in fostering the birth and development of Beijing opera since the completion of the Grand Theater Building many performances were held in it in honor of the Empress Dowager Cixi
(A lakeside walk from the Garden of Virtuous Harmony to the Hall of Jade Ripples)
we are now standing in the middle of a rockery behind the Hall of Benevolent and longevity It appears that there` s nothing special ahead However after we clear the rockery we will reach Kunming Lake This is a application of a specific style of Chinese gardening
Not far away in the lake there is a islet It is filled with peach and weeping willow trees and serves as a ideal place to appreciate the scenery The pavilion on the islet is called Zhichun (Understanding Spring) Pavilion and is chardcterized by four edged multiple eaved roofs
(In front of the Hall of Jade Ripples)
this group of special and quiet courtyard dwelling is the Hall of jade Ripples It was first used by Emperor Qianlong to attend to state affairs IT was also where Emperor Guangxu of the late Qing dynasty was kept under house arrest
This hall is a hallmark of the Reform Movement of 1898 Emperor Guanxu was Empress Dowager Cixi` s nephew After Emperor Tongzhi died Empress Dowager Cixi made her nephew who was at that time four years old a successor in order to continue her wielding of power behind the scenes When Emperor Guanxu was 19 years old Empress Dowager Cixi relinquished power to him but continued to exert considerable influence In 1898 the Reform Movement took place with the aim of sustaining the corn principles of the Qing Dynasty while reforming outdated laws The movement lasted for 103 days until it was suppressed by Empress Dowager Cixi The emperor` s six earnest reformists were beheaded and Emperor Guangxu was placed under house arrest which lasted for 10 years All the back doors were sealed and a brick was was put up behind the wooden partition on each side of the two annexes of the courtyard Emperor Guangxu was closely watched by eunuchs The wall remains intact for tourists to see Dynasty while reforming outdated laws The movement lasted for 103 days until it was suppressed by Empress Dowager Cixi The emperor` s six earnest reformists were beheaded and Emperor Guangxu was placed under house arrest which lasted for 10 years All the back doors were sealed and a brick was was put up behind the wooden partition on each side of the two annexes of the courtyard Emperor Guangxu was closely watched by eunuchs The wall remains intact for tourists to see
(In front of Yiyunguan (Chamber of Mortal Beings)
this was where Empress and empress dowager of China` s feudal system However Emperor Guanxu was not the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty The last in the line was Emperor Puyi who ascended the throne in 1908 at the age of three too young to be married In 1912 he was forced to abdicate During the short reign of Emperor Puyi Empress Longyu handled state affairs on his behalf in the name of Empress Dowager In 1911 a revolution led by Dr Sun Yatsun succeeded and the year after Empress Longyu announced the abdication of the last emperor of China
(In the Hall of Happiness and Longevity)
the aged empress Dowager Cixi was so fond of the Summer Palace that she decided to live here from April through October of every year This group of buildings served as her residence
This group of courtyard dwellings consists of a forecourt and a backyard with annex courts on each side The whole compound was basically made of wood which is ideal for ventilation and lighting With its quiet and tasteful layout the Hall of Happiness and Longevity made life very easy and convenient No wonder one of Empress Dowager Cixi` s pleasure boat On the pier there is a tall lantern post Flanking the staircase leading to the main entrance of the hall there are bronze cranes deer and vases symbolizing universal peace The interior layout is the same as the imperial court with throne a large table and incense burners placed in the middle At mealtime eunuchsin Cwaiting would make a gigantic table out of this table and Empress Dowager Cixi would dine on 128 courses Because of this more than 1800 tales of silver would be spent each month on meals On the east side of the Living Room is the Cloak Room The bedroom in on its west
In front of the yaoyue (Inviting the Moon ) Gate of the Long Corridor
The famed Long Corridor is ahead Facing Kunming lake and in the foreground of Longevity Hill the Long Corridor stretches from Yaoyue (Inviting the Moon ) Gate to Shizhang (Stony Old Man) Pavilion IT is 728 meters in length and consist of 273 sections and connects four octagonal pavilions In 1990 it was listed in Guinness Book of World Records
(Strolling along the Long Corridor)
The Long Corridor is one of the major structures of the Summer Palace Since the corridor was designed to follow the physical features of the southern slope of Longevity Hill four multipleeaved octagonal pavilions (BeautyRetaining Pavilion Enjoythe Ripples Pavilion Autumn Water Pavilion and Clarity Distance Pavilion) were placed at bends and undulation Thus sightseers will hardly notice the rise and fall of the terrain As a major part of the architectural style of the Summer Palace the Long Corridor serves as an ingenious connector between the Lake and the hill Scattered buildings on the southern slope were linked to creat a unified complex
This corridor can also be called a corridor of paintings There are more than 14000 paintings on its beams Some of them are of birds flowers and landscapes of the West lake in Hangzhou Zhejian Province Others present scenes from literary classics The majority of the landscape painting were done under the order of Emperor Qianlong who preperred the scenery of South China
(By the door leading to the exhibition of cultural relics)
this group of templeshaped structures are known as Qinghua (Clarified China) Hall also known as Arhat Hall during the reign of Emperor Qianlong The original hall burned down in 1860 After it was reconstructed it was renamed
Qinghua Hall is now used as a exhibition hall displaying rare cultural relics collected in the Summer Palace The hall consists of 6 exhibition rooms with tens of thousands of articles of treasure on display in turn Among the exhibits there are bronze ware porcelain jade assemblages from the Ming and Qing dynasties and rare and paintings There is also a gigantic stone slab which is more than 3 meters in height and width It bears the handwritten inscriptions of Emperor Qianlong is commemoration of the suppression of a rebellion in the Xinjiang region Only this slab survived when the AngleFrench allied forces set fire to the Summer Palace
(In front of the Gate of Dispelling Clouds)
Now we are approaching the central part of the structures on the lakeside slope the Tower of Buddhist Incense within the Hall of Dispelling Clouds The Hall of Dispelling Clouds was where numerous palatines kowtowed to Empress Dowager Cixi It was surrounded by galleries and flanked by annex halls In the forecourt there is a pool and marble bridges Starting from the lakeside there lies in succession a memorial archway the Gate of Dispelling Clouds the Hall of Dispelling Clouds and the Tower of Buddhist Incense All of these structures are built on a central axis and each is taller than its predecessor This was designed to give prominence to the last structure the Tower of Buddhist Incense which was a symbol of imperial power The layout of this group of architectures was based on scenes described in Buddhist sutras This group of structure are among the most magnificently constructed here in the Summer Palace
(Inside the Hall of Dispelling Clouds)
The original buildings on this site were burned down by the AngloFrench allied forces in 1860 A new set of structures was built during the reign of Emperor Guanxu and was called the Hall of Dispelling Clouds suggesting that it was a fairyland
The hall was built on a high terrace and has 21 room Inside the hall are a throne screens tripods and mandarin fans On a platform you will see bronze dragons phoenixes and tripods At the foot of the platform there are four bronze water vats the ancient form of fire extinguishers
The 10th day of lunar October was Empress Dowager Cixi` s birthday On that day she sat on the throne here to receive congratulations and gifts
Now we are going to pay a visit to the highlight of the Summer Palace the Tower of Buddhist Incense What we are now standing on is a stone terrace which is 20 meters in height It has a semi housed stairway of 100 steps you will live for 100 years So let` s go
(In the front of the Tower of Buddhist Incense)
An octagonal structure with three storeys and quadruple eaves the Tower of Buddhist Incense is the very center of the Summer Palace and is one of the masterpieces of ancient Chinese architecture The tower is 41 meters in height and is buttressed by 8 solid pillars made of lignumvitae logs With its complex structure ingenious layout towering terrace and convincing grandeur the Tower of Buddhist Incense was artfully set out by the imperial gardens and beautiful scenery surrounding it The Tower overlooks Kunming Lake and other picturesque spots within an area of tens of kilometers On the west side of the Tower stands Baoyunge (Precious Cloud Pavilion) IT is made of bronze and is75 meters in height and 270 tons in weight It resembles its wooden counterparts in every detail It is one of the largest and most exquisite bronze pavilions still on existence in China Lamas prayed here during the reign of Emperor Qianlong in honor of the monarchs and their families At the turn of the century 10 bronze windows were spirited abroad In 1992 an American company bought the windows and returned them intact to China
(On a hilltop leading from the back door of Tower of Buddhist Incense)
Now we can see the long and snaking Western Causeway and a shorter dike that divides Kunming Lake into three areas that contain South Lake Island Seaweedviewing Island and circle city island The three island represent three mountain in ancient Chinese mythology i e penglai Fangzhang and Yingzhou This peculiar method of incorporating a lake a three mountains within a single garden was a brainchild of Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty more than 2000 years ago bearing testimony to feudal monarchs` s longing for longevity As the legend goes many heavenly elixirs grew on the three mythical islands Using artificial building techniques the ancient Chinese built this masterpiece based on the myth to make the mythical on appear to be accessible to humans
(Inside the Garden of Harmonious Interest)
Setting a garden within a larger garden has been one of China traditional architectural styles The Garden of Harmonious Interest serves as a fine example of this
This Garden was built under the order of Emperor Qianlong and modeled after the Jichang Garden (Garden of Ease of Mind )at the foot of Mount Huishan Jiansu Province IT was renamed by his son Emperor Jiaqing in 1811 The existing Garden was rebuilt by Emperor or Guangxu Empress Dowager Cixi used to go fishing here The Garden features 10 waterfront platforms pavilions and halls as well as hundreds of galleries
With all of its structures facing the lake and pools the Garden of Harmonious Interest is basically a garden of waterscape Spanning the vast expanse of the lake and pools are five bridges each quite different from the others The most famous of them is the bridge known as Knowing Cthe Fishingbridge IT is said that more than 2500 years ago during the Warring States Period two philosophere named Zhuang Zi had an interesting argument by the side of a pond
Zhang said Fish swim to and fro in the water What happy fish
Hui asked You are not a fish How do you know they are happy
Zhuang replied You are not me How do you know I don’t know
Hui signed I am not you therefore I don’t know you And you are not a fish so how
do you know that fish are happy
Zhang said you ask me how I know fish are happy why do you keeping me the same question
Although The Garden of Harmonious Interest was designed after Jichang Garden it not only absorbed the original designs but exceeded it
(Outside the south entrance to Suzhou Shopping Street)
Now lets have a look at longevity Hill On the back slope of the Hill stands a group of architectures The centerpiece of structures there are known as the Four Continents and are dedicated to Buddhism This group was laid out and arranged in accordance with Buddhist cosmology Aside from a main shrine and structures embodying the Four Continents there are eight towers representing Minor Continents The shrine is surrounded by four Lamaist pagodas and between the major and minor continents there two platforms representing the sun and the moon
The Qing authority attached great importance to Buddhism To further strengthen ties with the ethnic minorities who practiced Buddhism the monarchs incorporated both Han and Tibetan styles of architecture into this group of temples
Further north at the foot of the Four Major Continent lies the Suzhou Shopping Street Built along the Back Lake of the Summer Palace this street stretches about 300 meters and features more than 60 stores It includes restaurants teahouses pawnshops banks drugstores dye houses and publishing houses In order to recreate the atmosphere of ancient times visitors will have the chance to exchange their money to ancient style Chinese coins for use here Storefronts are trimmed with traditional signboards and ornaments The commercial culture of the mid18th century has thus been recreated
(Atop the stone bridge inside the Suzhou Shopping Street)
visitors may be surprise to see that this shopping street is almost the same as that in South China As a matter of fact this street was designed after the shops along the canals in Suhzhou Originally known as Emperor` s Shopping Street it was built during the reign of Emperor Qianlong After making several inspection tours to South China and being duly impressed by its commercial prosperity Emperor Qianlong ordered the construction of this street
The imperial shopping street was burnt down by AngloFrench allied forces in 1860 The site remained desolated until 1987 when reconstruction began It was opened to the public in September 1990
With commercial culture as its hallmark the Suzhou Shopping Street is a vivid representation of China` s traditional cultures
(On the road from the south fate of the suzhou shopping street to the marble boat)
This is the hall of Pines From it to the west we can walk to the Marble Boat The path we aree taking stretches between Longevity Hill and Back Lake Monarchs and their cohorts used to stroll along it Hence it was named Central Imperial Path Along this path you will see lilacs all around Hence this road is also known as the Path of Lilac
(In front of the ruins of the Garden of complete spring)
Quite a few unique structures were burnt down during the reign of emperor Qianlong among which the Garden of Complete Spring was one of the most famous The ruined and desolate courtyard by the roadside was its original site it remains to be restored
This group of structures cover an area of 4000 square meters and features a number of halls built on three different levels All of the structures were connected with galleries and stone staircases With its natural and ingenious combination of pavilions a hall galleries and rooms the Garden of Complete Spring serves as a fine model for other gardens
Emperor Qianlong frequently visited this compound
(Along the lakeside by the Marble Boat)
Now we have returned from the back of Longevity Hill to the front There is the famous Marble Boat This structure is 36 meters in length and its body was made of marble On top of it is a two storeyed structure The floor was paved with colored bricks All of the windows are inlaid with multicolored glass and the ceiling was decorated with carved bricks The drainage system channels rain water down through four hollow concrete pillars and into the lake through the mouth of dragon heads
According to a book written by Emperor Qianlong the boat was used for enjoying the scenery and was supposed to be symbolic of the stability of the Qing Dynasty
Halfway up the slope there stands the Hall for listening to Orioles The ancient Chinese liken the warble of an oriole to beautiful songs and melodies hence the name of the hall which used to be a theater Now the hall is one of the most famous restaurants in China featuring imperial dishes and desserts It is a must for many foreign visitors to have lunch here when then come to Beijing More than one hundred heads of state worldwide have dined here and the late Premier Zhou Enlai has held banquets here in honor of state guests (Sightseers who want to try the restaurant can go boating after they eat Those who do not can go abroad right away Those who do not feel like taking the boat can stoll along the Long Corridor to the outside of the East Gate)
(Boating on Kunmin Lake)
we are now going to enjoy the lakeside scenery from a pleasure boat
As a main part of the Summer Palace Kunming Lake covers an area of 220 hectares or three fourths of the combined space of this summer resort This natural lake is more than 3500 years old
This lake was originally called Wengshan Lake In 1749 Emperor Qianlong ordered the construction of Qingyi Garden the predecessor of the Summer Palace Involving nearly 10000 laborers the lake was expanded and turned into a peachshaped reservoir the first of its kind for Beijing
From 1990 to 1991 the Beijing Municipal Government ordered the first dredging of the lake in 240 years Involving 200000 men and hundreds of dredgers and other tools a total of 625600 cubic meters of sludge was dredged and 205 bombs dropped by the Japanese during the AntiJapanese War were removed
The summer palace set a precedent for sightseeing by boat There used to be a large imperial flotilla of which the Kunming Merry Dragon was the most famous It was destroyed by the AngloFrench allied forces in 1860 To make the tour of the Summer Palace a more pleasant one a large pleasure boat Tai He (Supreme Harmony )was built This double Cdecked boat is 3709 meters long859 meters wide and 1049 meters high It can travel at a speed of 9 kilometer per hour Small pleasure boats are also available to tourist
Another major spot of interest on the Western causeway is Jingming (Bright View ) Hall Both its front and rear face the lake This structure also features three two storeyed halls of varying heights
Our tour is drawing to a close as we approach the shore Today we only visited the major scenic areas of the Summer Palace I have left other spot of interest for your next visit
I will show you out through the East Gate I hope you enjoyed today` s tour Thank you Goodbye and good luck
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