1字母:26字母写
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
2语音:元音发音
五元音字母:AEIOU
12单元音:
前元音:[i] [ɪ] e [æ]
中元音:[ɜ] [ə]
元音:[ɑ] [ɒ] [ɔ] [u ] [ʊ] [ʌ]
双元音(8)
合口双元音(5)[ai] [ei] [au] [əu] [ɔi]
集中双元音(3) [iə][εə][uə]
3词汇:词汇量反义词
4句子:写标点符号
第二部分:语法知识
1名词:名词单复数名词格
()名词单复数
般情况直接加s:bookbooks bagbags catcats bedbeds
s x sh ch结尾加es:busbuses boxboxes brushbrushes watchwatches
辅音字母+y结尾变yi 加es:familyfamilies strawberrystrawberries
ffe结尾变ffev 加es:knifeknives
规名词复数:
manmen womanwomen policemanpolicemen policewomanpolicewomen mousemice
childchildren footfeet toothteeth fishfish peoplepeople ChineseChinese JapaneseJapanese
数名词复数原型: paper juice water milk rice tea
(二)名词格
生命东西名词格:
a) 单数加 ’s Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt
b) s 结尾复数名词加 ’ his friends’ bags
c) s 结尾复数加 ’s children’s shoes
列名词中果 ’s加名词表示
Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆迈克汽车
表示物应分列名词加’s
Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆麦克汽车
(2)表示生命东西名词通常 of +名词表示关系:
a picture of the classroom a map of China
2冠词:定冠词定冠词种类
(1)定冠词:a an a unit an uncle
元音开头数名词前an
an egg an apple an orange an eraser an answer
an ID card an alarm clock an actor an actress an email
an address an event an example an opera
an houran old man an interesting book an exciting sport
an action movie an art lesson
(2)定冠词:the the egg the plane
定冠词法:
特指某()某()物: The ruler is on the desk
复述文提物:He has a sweater The sweater is new
谈话双方知道物:The boys aren’t at school
序数词前: John’s birthday is February the second
固定词组中: in the morning afternoon evening
冠词情况:
专名词前:China is a big country
名词前定语:this that my your some any no 等:
This is my baseball
复数名词表示类事:Monkeys can’t swim They are teachers
节日日期月份季节前:Today is Christmas Day It’s Sunday
日三餐前:We have breakfast at 630
球类 棋类运动前:They often play football after class He plays chess at home
* 乐器前定冠词:I play the guitar very well
学科名称前:My favorite subject is music
称呼头衔名词前:This is Mr Li
固定词组中:at noon at night by bus
3代词形容词副词
1)代词:称代词物代词
称代词物代词
格宾格
第
称单数I()memy()
复数we()usour()
第二
称单数you()youyour()
复数you()youyour()
第三
称单数he()himhis()
she()herher()
it()itits()
复数they()themtheir()
2)形容词副词:较级高级
()形容词较级
1形容词较级句子中运:两事物较较级较级面般带单词than较级前面more a little修饰表示程度than称代词格(口语中宾格)
2形容词加er规:
般词尾加er
字母e 结尾加r
元音字母辅音字母结尾应双写末尾辅音字母加er
辅音字母+y结尾先y变i加er
3规形容词较级:
goodbetter beautifulmore beautiful
(二)副词较级
1形容词副词区(be形形be动副副动)
⑴句子中形容词般处名词前be动词
⑵副词句子中常见处实义动词
2副词较级变化规基形容词较级相(规变化:wellbetter farfarther)
4数词:基数词序数词
基数词:
(1)120
onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightnineteneleventwelvethirteenfourteenfifteen sixteenseventeeneighteennineteentwenty
(2)2199 先说十说中间加连字符
23→twentythree34→thirtyfour45→forty—five56→fiftysix67→sixtyseven78→seventyeight89→eightynine91→ninetyone
(3)101—999先说百加and加末两位数末位数
586→five hundred and eightysix
803→eight hundred and three
(4)l000先右左数三位数加第前thousand第二前million第三前billion
1001→one thousand and one
18423→eighteen thousandfour hundred and twentythree
6260309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine
750000000000→seven hundred and fifty billion
序数词
(1)般基数词加th
egfour→fourththirteen→thirteenth
(2)规变化
one→firsttwo→secondthree→thirdfive→fiftheight→eighthnine→ninthtwelve—twelfth
(3)y结尾十位整数变yie加th
twenty→twentieth forty→fortieth ninety→ninetieth
(4)二十十直百十千百十位基数词变序数词
twentyfirsttwo hundred and fortyfifth
基数词转序数词口诀:
基变序规律词尾加th
二三特殊记词尾字母tdd
八t九e vef
tyy变成ith前面e
碰十前基序
5介词:常介词:in on at behind等
1at表示时间概念某点(某时刻时间阶段等)
at 1:00(dawnmidnightnoon)点钟(黎明午夜中午)
2on
1)表示具体日期
注:(1)关周末种表示法:
at(on)the weekend周末特指
at(on)weekends周末泛指
over the weekend整周末
during the weekend周末期间
(2)圣诞节应说at Christmas说on Christmas
2)(刚……)时候
On reaching the city he called up his parents
城里父母电话
3in
1)表示时段时期数情况during互换前者强调者强调持续
in(during)1988(Decemberthe 20th century)
九八八年(十二月二十世纪)
6动词:动词四种时态
(1)般现时:
般现时构成
1 be动词:语+be(am is are)+: I am a boy 男孩
2 行动词:语+行动词(+) : We study English 学英语
语第三称单数(he she it)时动词加ses:Mary likes Chinese玛丽喜欢汉语
动词+s变化规
1般情况直接加s:cookcooks milkmilks
2s x sh ch o结尾加es:guessguesses washwashes watchwatches gogoes
3辅音字母+y结尾变yi 加es:studystudies
(2)般时
动词式详解 动词式构成规:
A规动词
① 般直接动词面加ed: worked learned cleaned visited
② e结尾动词直接加d: lived danced used
③ 辅音字母加y结尾动词改yi加ed(类动词较少) study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意playstay辅音字母加y属类)
④ 双写字母(类动词较少) stopped
B规动词(类词规须熟记)
学阶段记住动词原形式:
sing – sang eat – ate see – saw have – had
do – did go – went take – took buy – bought
get – got read – read fly – flew amis – was
are – were say – said leave – left swim – swam
tell – told draw – drew come – came lose – lost
find – found drink – drank hurt – hurt feel – felt
(3)般时:
基结构:
①be going to + do
②will+ do be going to will
I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天) I will go swimming tomorrow
(4)现进行时 amisare+动词现分词
动词现分词详解 动词ing形式构成规:
① 般直接面加ing doing going working singing eating
② e 结尾动词先e加ing having writing
③ 双写字母(类动词极少):running swimming sitting getting
第三部分:句法
1陈述句
(1)肯定句:指肯定语气陈述句子:
I’m a student She is a doctor He works in a hospital
There are four fans in our classroom He will eat lunch at 1200 I watched TV yesterday evening
(2)否定句:含否定词表示否定意义词句子:
I’m not a student She is not (isn’t) a doctor
He does not (doesn’t) work in a hospital There are not (aren’t) four fans in our classroom
He will not (won’t) eat lunch at 1200 I did not (didn’t) watch TV yesterday evening
2 疑问句
般疑问句:指询问事实句子类句子必须yesno回答
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词(what where who which when whose why how等)开头引导句子类句子应该问什答什yes no回答
3 There be句型
There be 句型have has区:
1There be 句型表示:某某物()
2there be 句型中语单数be 动词is 语复数be 动词are 件物品be 动词根*be 动词名词决定
3there be 句型否定句be 动词加not 般疑问句be 动词调句首
4there be句型have(has) 区:there be 表示某某物()have(has) 表示某拥某物
5some any there be 句型中运:some 肯定句 any 否定句疑问句
6and or there be句型中运:and 肯定句 or 否定句疑问句
7针数量提问特殊疑问句基结构:
How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语
How much + 数名词 + is there + 介词短语
8 针语提问特殊疑问句基结构:What’s + 介词短语
第四部 分 重点难点纳详解
★ 词类 ★
动词名词形容词太容易区分眼出方法:
先(量词)(:张等)词连起说说通般认名词说通判断词连起说说通般形容词说通动词(目前学)(外明显称代词数词情态动词等知道)
1 动词
里说动词指种动词总称中包括行动词(时总说种动词)be动词情态动词
(1)行动词
时说动词表示某动作行:sweeplive等
行动词已学四种形式:
原形+ses+ed+ing
具体判断方法:
加ing
读句子→读该单词→认识该单词→理解意思→be动词 (be going to 原形)
没情态动词
原形
加ed
没表示时间状语 ↗第三称单数加ses
没语
第三称单数原形
(2)be动词
aAmwas Is was Arewere 口诀:am are is复数全are
b肯定否定句 I am (not) from London He is(not) a teacher She is(not) in the dining room My hair is(not) long Her eyes are(not) small
c 般疑问句 Am I a Chinese Yes you are No you aren’t Are they American Yes they are No they aren’t Is the cat fat Yes it is No it isn’t
现学be动词致分两类:isamare类般般现时现进行时般时中waswere类般般时
判断步骤:
第三称单数was
↗称
第二称单数复数were
表示时间状语
第称单数am
↘没称→第三称单数is
第二称单数复数are
2 名词
表示某事物具体抽象分判断关键词be动词be动词果amiswas名词原形be动词果arewere名词加ses
里强调两点:数名词默认单数总is者was根someanya lot of等词作判断免受误导
加缀:
a般情况直接加s:bookbooks bagbags catcats bedbeds
bs x sh ch结尾加es:busbuses boxboxes brushbrushes watchwatches
c辅音字母+y结尾变yi 加es:familyfamilies strawberrystrawberries
dffe结尾变ffev 加es:knifeknives
e规名词复数: manmen womanwomen policemanpolicemen policewomanpolicewomen mousemice childchildren footfeet toothteeth fishfish peoplepeople ChineseChinese JapaneseJapanese
3 形容词(包括副词)
形容词表示某事物特征副词表示某动作特征
形容词副词两种形式:原形+er
未作较情况原形较时+er
两重特征:as……as中间定原形than时候定+er
4 称代词物代词
称代词 物代词
单数 复数 单数 复数
格 宾格 格 宾格 形容词性(短) 名词性(长) 形容词性(短) 名词性(长)
第称 I me we us my mine our ours
第二称 you you you you your yours your yours
第三称 he him they them his his their theirs
she her her hers
it it its its
称代词:
格宾格分
般动词前格动词宾格
物代词:
两类:形容词性物代词(短)名词性物代词(长)
般面没名词形容词性物代词(短)名词性物代词(长)
5 数量词
学两类:基数词序数词基数表示数量少基数词表示次序常日期中出现
6冠词
aantheaan具体意思(…)the没具体意思时翻译确定aanthe时根汉语意思aan区:an元音音素(般元音字母aeiou)前a辅音音素前
★ 二否定句 ★
表示某否定意思句中定not
三种:be动词(amisarewaswere)+not情态动词(canmustshould)+ not助动词(dodoesdid) + not
肯定陈述句改否定句:
1句中be动词直接be动词+ not
2句中情态动词直接情态动词+ not
3述二者没应助动词+ not
分四步骤:
(1)肯定陈述句中没助动词加位置语(某某物)动词前
(2)确定助动词dodoesdid根句中动词动词原形助动词do动词第三称单数助动词does动词式助动词did
(3)助动词加not
(4)原句中动词假发生变化恢复成原形
强调点some考虑否any
★ 三般疑问句 ★
表示疑问般回答两种Yes……No……句中没疑问词
肯定陈述句改否定句:
1句中be动词be动词提句首
2句中情态动词情态动词提句首
3述二者没应助动提句首
分四步骤:
(1)肯定陈述句中没助动词加位置语(某某物)动词前
(2)确定助动词dodoesdid根句中动词动词原形助动词do动词第三称单数助动词does动词式助动词did
(3)助动词提句首
(4)原句中动词假发生变化恢复成原形
强调点some考虑否any
★ 四特殊疑问句 ★
表示疑问疑问词(开头)回答种
常疑问词:
WhatWhenWhichWhoWhoseWhyHow
★ 五祈句 ★
表示请求命令做某事做某事
肯定祈句定动词原形开头(时please)否定祈句定don’t加动词原形开头(时please)
祈句改否定句需动词前加don’t
★ 六时态 ★
1般现时
(1)句中be动词动词般情况种必须种:
The children are very happy on Christmas Day
(2)般现时中be动词:
般原形:am is are
am第称单数(I)is第三称单数(he she it名称谓:Ben his sister等)are第二称单数(you)复数(包括第称复数we第二称复数you第三称复数they复数the children his parents等)
(3)般时中动词:
两种情况:
第种情况:语第三称单数(he she it Helen her cousin 等)动词般加ses
第二种情况:语第三称单数动词原形
2般时
(1)句中be动词动词般情况种必须种:
The girls were on the grass just now
They visited my parents last weekend
(2)般时中be动词:
般式:was were
was第称单数(I)第三称单数(he she it名称谓:Ben his sister等)were第二称单数(you)复数(包括第称复数we第二称复数you第三称复数they复数the children his parents等)
(3)般时中动词:
般种情况:+ed
里强调点般现时里语第称单数复数加ed
(4):
Be动词waswere 该句般时
动词加ed 表示时间状语
3般时
(1)构成形式:
Be going to +动词原形
里强调点be动词goingto动词原形四单词缺少中种构成般时
(2)般时表示动作发生某算做某事
(3):
句子中be动词goingto动词动词原形←→ 该句现进行时
(4)句中tomorrowsoonnext week等词
4现进行时
(1)构成形式:
Be动词+动词ing形式
里强调点两者缺少中种构成现进行时
(2)现进行时表示动作正进行事情正发生
(3):
句子中be动词动词动词加ing ←→ 该句现进行时
(4)句中nowlooklisten等词
★ 七HaveHasThere be结构 ★
1There be结构包括there is there are there was there were
2havehashad区:
(1)There be 句型表示:某某物()
(2)there be 句型中语单数be 动词is 语复数be 动词are 件物品be 动词根be 动词名词决定
(3)there be 句型否定句be 动词加not 般疑问句be 动词调句首
(4)there be句型have(has) 区:there be 表示某某物()have(has) 表示某拥某物
(5)some any there be 句型中运:some 肯定句 any 否定句疑问句
(6)and or there be句型中运:and 肯定句 or 否定句疑问句
(7)针数量提问特殊疑问句基结构: How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语 How much + 数名词 + is there + 介词短语
(8)针语提问特殊疑问句基结构: What’s + 介词短语
(9)There be结构般句子开头have等词某语面
文档香网(httpswwwxiangdangnet)户传
《香当网》用户分享的内容,不代表《香当网》观点或立场,请自行判断内容的真实性和可靠性!
该内容是文档的文本内容,更好的格式请下载文档